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{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The japanichiban.com has a list of all Japanese particles and one of the uses\nof the と-particle is \"to indicate a condition that results in an inevitable\noutcome\".\n\nCan someone give an example sentence of this use, please?\n\nThank you very much.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T14:44:26.367",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32409",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-25T06:11:16.080",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-24T13:50:00.547",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "12253",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-と"
],
"title": "と indicating a condition that results in an inevitable outcome",
"view_count": 158
} | [
{
"body": "How about...\n\n> [食]{た}べ[過]{す}ぎる **と** [太]{ふと}りますよ。 \n> If you eat too much, you will gain weight.\n>\n> [急]{いそ}がない **と** [遅刻]{ちこく}しますよ。 \n> Hurry up, or you'll be late. (Lit. If you don't hurry you'll be late.)\n>\n> [歩]{ある}きながらスマホ(を)いじる **と** [危]{あぶ}ないよ。 \n> Texting while walking is dangerous.\n>\n> [再冷凍]{さいれいとう}する **と** 、[風味]{ふうみ}が[落]{お}ちます。 \n> Flavor will be lost if refrozen.\n>\n> [魚]{さかな}を[食]{た}べる **と** [頭]{あたま}が[良]{よ}くなる。 \n> Eating fish makes you smart.\n>\n> [２]{ふた}つ[買]{か}う **と** [３]{みっ}つ[目]{め}は[無料]{むりょう} \n> Buy 2 get 1 free",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-24T13:42:31.430",
"id": "32431",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 32409 | null | 32431 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is anybody able to read these two kanji?\n\nEspecially the second one that looks so simple yet I can't decipher the\nradical...\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/RQ979.jpg)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/10c8p.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T19:38:48.830",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32411",
"last_activity_date": "2022-07-07T00:49:40.230",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-24T07:08:50.363",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "13646",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"handwriting",
"calligraphy"
],
"title": "How to read kanji on the attached photos?",
"view_count": 282
} | [
{
"body": "The first one looks like\n\n> # 寿{ことぶき}",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T19:46:32.370",
"id": "32412",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-23T19:46:32.370",
"last_edit_date": null,
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},
{
"body": "Those are:\n\n「[寿]{ことぶき}」 (felicitations, longevity, etc.) and\n\n「[無]{む}」 (nil, naught, etc.)\n\nSee\n[here](https://search.yahoo.co.jp/image/search?ei=UTF-8&fr=&p=%E7%84%A1%20%E8%8D%89%E6%9B%B8)\nfor the cursive writing for 「無」.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uDr3S.png)\n\nEDIT: The following website looks pretty good though I naturally have not\nchecked everything on it. It gives you an idea of what the cursive looks like\nfor all the basic kanji. You can check 「無」 there.\n\n<http://www013.upp.so-net.ne.jp/santai/santai.htm>\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MA8JW.jpg)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T23:51:21.153",
"id": "32414",
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"last_edit_date": "2022-07-07T00:49:40.230",
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"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32411",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 32411 | null | 32414 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32426",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "My instructor told us that _toki_ is used for placing an action that has\nhappened at a certain time. For example:\n\n> さびしい時、友達に電話します。\n\nBut then how come this sentence is wrong? I'm sure that I used the correct\nparticle, because I used this _toki_ as a time reference to the main event\nwhich is Sara getting shot.\n\n> サラとサラのお父さんへいっしょにテクサスを逃げる時、サラのお父さの前にサラはうたれるので、人達がサラとサラのお父さんはゾンピみたいです。\n\nI thought I used the appropriate grammar points but my instructor marked this\nwhole sentence wrong. I don't know what I wrote incorrectly? I wanted to say\nthat when Sara and her dad were escaping Texas, Sara was shot in front of her\nfather because the people thought they were zombies. We learned that we use\ntoki for placing actions that has happened but as I said my instructor marked\nit all wrong.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-24T05:28:45.283",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32419",
"last_activity_date": "2021-09-04T02:34:20.540",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-24T11:31:22.713",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13655",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"time"
],
"title": "The correct way of using toki",
"view_count": 402
} | [
{
"body": "サラとサラのお父さん'は'いっしょにテクサスを逃げる時、彼女らはゾン'ビ'のようだったのでサラのお父さんの前でサラは撃たれた。How to use toki\nis not wrong.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-24T10:09:24.140",
"id": "32425",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-24T10:09:24.140",
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{
"body": "As the other poster has said, you're using とき correctly.\n\n\"When Sara and her dad were escaping Texas,\" \n→ 「サラと(サラの)お父さんが(いっしょに)テキサスから逃げるとき、/ テキサスを[脱出]{だっしゅつ}するとき、」\n\n\"because the people thought they were zombies\" \n→「 [人々]{ひとびと}は[二人]{ふたり}をゾンビだと[思]{おも}ったので、」 \n( _lit._ Because the people thought the two were zombies)\n\nor more naturally: \n→ 「二人は(人々にor[民衆]{みんしゅう}に)ゾンビだと思われて、」 \n( _lit._ The two were thought to be zombies (by the people), and)\n\n\"Sara was shot in front of her father\" \n→ 「サラはお父さんの([目]{め}の)前で[撃]{う}たれました。/ 撃たれてしまいました。」\n\n* * *\n\nSo I think you could say:\n\n> サラと(サラの)お父さんが(いっしょに)テキサスから逃げるとき、人々は二人をゾンビだと思ったので、サラはお父さんの目の前で撃たれました。\n\nor\n\n> サラと(サラの)お父さんが(いっしょに)テキサスから逃げるとき、二人は(人々に)ゾンビだと思われて、サラはお父さんの目の前で撃たれました。\n\nI think you would sound more natural if you said:\n\n> テキサスから逃げるとき、サラと(サラの)お父さんは(人々に)ゾンビだと思われて、サラはお父さんの目の前で撃たれてしまいました。 \n> ( _lit._ When escaping from Texas, Sara and her dad were...)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-24T10:32:30.910",
"id": "32426",
"last_activity_date": "2021-09-04T02:34:20.540",
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "32419",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 32419 | 32426 | 32426 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I know you use _verb stem+始める_ when you want to indicate that something\nstarted, so would this sentence be correct?\n\n> 特にゲームをする始めます。",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-24T07:26:58.093",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32420",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-24T08:31:38.670",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-24T08:31:38.670",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13655",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"compound-verbs"
],
"title": "How to use verb stem+始める?",
"view_count": 301
} | [
{
"body": "The conjugation before verb is 連用形(masu-form), so your sentence is incorrect.\nゲームをし始めます is correct. For example, \"start walking\" is 歩き始める. 歩き is 連用形 of a\nverb 歩く.\n\nIn addition, 特に is unnatural in this sentence.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-24T07:53:02.713",
"id": "32421",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-24T07:53:02.713",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7320",
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}
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| 32420 | null | 32421 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Wiktionary says that 教, read as きょお means \"to teach\". However, I have read\nthat in dictionaries, al forms end in \"-う\" and not in \"-お\". Why is 教\ndifferent?\n\nEDIT: Yes, it says that in English wiktionary. First, the reading they give is\n\"kyoo\". Second, they define it as \"1.to teach; teachings\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-24T09:27:00.807",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32424",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-24T16:16:26.860",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-24T10:20:03.080",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "13658",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -2,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"godan-verbs"
],
"title": "Why doesn't 教 end in\"-う\"?",
"view_count": 180
} | [
{
"body": "This is a serious misunderstanding, I'm afraid. きょう is just one of the several\nreadings ([読]{よ}み[方]{かた}) of 教. It's a so-called 'sound-reading' [音読み]{おんよみ},\nwhich are Japanese renderings of Chinese speech. You actually misquoted this\nparticular reading; it's きょ **う** not きょ **お** , although that would be\npronounced the same way. But as far as Japanese verbs go, that's irrelevant;\nyou have to look for the 'explanatory reading' [訓読み]{くんよみ}, which gives you a\nJapanese word that has (more or less) the same meaning as the original Chinese\nword. Wiktionary has the following to say:\n\n### Readings\n\n```\n\n Goon: きょう (kyō) < けう (keu)\n Kan’on: こう (kō) < かう (kau) (non-Jōyō reading)\n Kun: おしえる (教える, oshieru), おしえ (教え, oshie), おそわる (教わる, osowaru)\n \n```\n\nAs you can see, all of the multiple kun readings do end in -u. Only these\nforms may be conjugated.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-24T11:00:20.343",
"id": "32427",
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},
{
"body": "All the Kun endings do end in \"u\". I believe it is only necessary that the Kun\nend in U 教 common Kun おし.えるoshi.eru おそ.わるoso.waru teach; faith; doctrine\nRadical: 攵 (rap). Strokes: 11画. Elements: 子⺹攵. Pinyin: jiào / jiāo. Hangul: 교\n[gyo]. Nanori: のり / ひさ. Jōyō Kanji 2nd Grade. JLPT N4. Example compounds: キョウ\n教条主義【きょうじょうしゅぎ】dogmatism 聖教【せいきょう】sacred teachings; Confucianism; Christianity\n教化【きょうか】culture; education; civilization; civilisation おしえる 教える【おしえる】to teach;\nto inform; to instruct 英語を教える【えいごをおしえる】to teach English おそわる 教わる【おそわる】to be\ntaught ▸ Codes and indices ▸ Find words containing 教 / beginning with 教 /\nending with 教 / 教_ / _教",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-24T16:16:26.860",
"id": "32437",
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| 32424 | null | 32427 |
{
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"body": "As an example, きょう is read as \"kyoo\", despite the last kana being usually read\nas \"u\".\n\nWhy and when does this happen?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-24T12:04:14.517",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32428",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-25T04:49:29.507",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "13660",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Why is う sometimes read as \"o\" instead of \"u\"?",
"view_count": 988
} | [
{
"body": "You can read おう as おお beside おう for the purpose of convenience of\npronunciation unless it's combination of お included in a verb stem and suffix\nう (e.g. おう as in 追う、おもう as in 思う etc.), or it bridges components of a word\ncompound (e.g. いご-うち: 囲碁打ち).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-25T03:34:24.090",
"id": "32451",
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{
"body": "In most cases う after お、こ、そ、と、の、ほ、も、よ、ろ makes \"o\" sound longer.\n\nFor example: こうえん（kōen)、きょう (kyō)\n\nThere are some cases in which お is used to make \"o\" longer.\n\nFor example: おおきい (ōkii)、とおい (tōi)\n\nThere are also cases in which う is a suffix and read as う。\n\nFor example: おもう（omou、[思う]{おもう})\n\nLearn more about long vowels.\n\nP.S.: ō is for long \"o\", same as \"oo\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-25T04:28:26.233",
"id": "32452",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-25T04:49:29.507",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-25T04:49:29.507",
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"owner_user_id": "13623",
"parent_id": "32428",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
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| 32428 | null | 32452 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32444",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Even though _yesterday_ is not an adverb, we say:\n\n> I played golf yesterday.\n\nonly because the preposition, _on_ , is dropped before _yesterday_. In that\n_on yesterday_ becomes a prepositional phrase that modifies _played_ :\n\n> I played golf (on) yesterday.\n\nThat preposition dropping is a rule. What about Japanese sentences like:\n\n> 昨日、ゴルフやった。\n\nGrammatically, is there really a particle after _昨日_ such as:\n\n> 昨日 (では) ゴルフやった。 \n> 昨日 (に) ゴルフやった。\n\nIn speaking, you pause instead of saying the particle, but in official\nwriting, are those possible particles after _昨日_ written (instead of a comma)?\n\nOf course, this is not limited to just _昨日_ such as:\n\n> 毎日、日本語を練習しています. \n> 先週月曜日、出張した。 \n> など...\n\nIn English legal contracts, every last preposition and comma are triple\nchecked because they can make such a huge difference in any sort of dispute.\n\nNow, Japanese commas seem to be void of specificity and thus open to\n\"interpretation\" by the counterparties / judge / arbiter, right? With big $ on\nthe line, the counterparties must specify **exactly** what they are agreeing\nto, and you can't do that with commas???",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-24T13:18:25.147",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32429",
"last_activity_date": "2020-12-30T10:04:26.657",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-24T13:24:19.977",
"last_editor_user_id": "12506",
"owner_user_id": "12506",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"particles",
"time"
],
"title": "For time adverbs, are particles instead of commas used in official (legal) writing?",
"view_count": 300
} | [
{
"body": "No, you won't see any case particle after following words, official or not, as\nlong as they're used to indicate the time when the sentence takes place\n_on/in_ , because they are completely adverbial in this usage.\n\n * 昨日, 今日, 明日 etc.\n * 先週, 今週, 来週 etc.\n * 先月, 今月, 来月 etc.\n * 前期, 今期, 来期 etc.\n * 去年, 今年, 来年 etc.\n * 今朝, 明朝, 昨晩, 今晩, 今夜 etc.\n * 毎日, 毎週, 毎月, 毎年 etc.\n\n> 6時に荷物が届きそうだ。 \n> 夕方（に）荷物が届きそうだ。 \n> 今晩（× に）荷物が届きそうだ。 \n> 今日（× に）荷物が届きそうだ。 \n> 今週（× に）荷物が届きそうだ。\n\nOf course, if you use those words in other ways, you must put right particles.\n\n> 今日 **で** 仕事が終わる。 ( _by_ today) \n> 今日 **にも** 荷物が届きそうだ。 (any day now) \n> 今日（ **も** ／ **は** ）荷物が届きそうだ。 (particles other than case aren't affected)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-24T19:47:45.477",
"id": "32444",
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"owner_user_id": "7810",
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"score": 7
}
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| 32429 | 32444 | 32444 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have read that both おう and おー are read as \"ō\".\n\nWhen to use each one? Is there a rule for it, or is it totally random?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-24T13:28:31.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32430",
"last_activity_date": "2023-05-17T13:10:16.323",
"last_edit_date": "2016-06-10T23:52:14.180",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "13661",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"kana"
],
"title": "When to use おう and when to use おー?",
"view_count": 279
} | [
{
"body": "In Hiragana you would use 「おう」 or 「おお」, in Katakana you would use 「オー」.\n\nAll of them can be read as \"ō\".\n\nFor example:\n\nフォーク (fōku)\n\nおおきい (ōkii)\n\nこうえん （kōen）",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-25T05:01:30.473",
"id": "32453",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "13623",
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}
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| 32430 | null | 32453 |
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"body": "So far I encountered **そう** (if it doesn't mean \"appearing, seeming ...\") at\nthe beginning of a sentence most of the time. Lately however, I read two\nsentences putting it in the middle.\n\nThe first sentence is about a guy, who speaks about the time he learned about\nthe new marriage of his ex wife:\n\n> 再婚すると聞かされた時、しっとするどころか **そう** 思ってひどく安心したの覚えている。\n\nThe other one is about the the same guy learning that his new girlfriend has a\nchild and wondering where it does live.\n\n> 僕も知っているように、今彼女は一人暮らしだ。では、赤ん坊は夫側が引き取ったのかというと **そう** ではない。\n\nIts not so much the meaning of the sentences than the grammatical structure\nthat confuses me. Would be great if someone could clear it a bit up!\n\n>\n> それに離婚した時、何よりも彼女が二度と僕の顔など見たくないし、息子にも会ってほしくないと言ったのだ。僕はそれを承諾した。新しい結婚相手は僕も知っている男だった。僕と元妻の共通の友人のそのまた友人というところだ。僕との離婚が成立してすぐに再婚話が持ち上がったようだから、別居している間にもう二人は付き合っていたのかもしれない。ルックスはいいとはいえないけれど、誠実で明るい男だ。彼ならきっと大丈夫だ。僕の息子も僕の元妻も大切にしてくれるだろうし、僕が苦手だった彼女の母親ともうまくやっていけるだろう。再婚すると聞かされた…",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-24T13:43:13.593",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "function of そう in the middle of a senctence",
"view_count": 443
} | [
{
"body": "The location of the word is not completely relevant; both \"そう\" can be\ntranslated as \"in such a way\".\n\nIt is the adverb [然う](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/127918/meaning/m0u/),\nwhich is almost exclusively written in hiragana.\n\n> ［副］\n>\n> １ そのように。「私も―思う」\n>\n> ２ （あとに打消しの語を伴って）それほど。そんなに。「―大きくない」\n\n* * *\n\n> そう思って\n>\n> thought in such a way\n>\n> そうではない\n>\n> it was not in such a way\n\nThe second formulation looks a bit strange in English, but that is only\nbecause I am trying to force a translation of this somewhat hard to\ndefinitively translate adverb. Perhaps a more suitable formulation would be\n\"it was not so\".\n\nSimilarly, with the added context, it would make more sense to translate the\nfirst formulation as \"thinking that\", or \"considering that\", but it is still\nthe same word.",
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"body": "I think the usage you are talking about is something like 寒そう (seems cold).\n\nAs you probably already guessed, the meaning of そう in your two example\nsentences is somewhat different.\n\nIn the first, you can just understand そう as meaning \"like that\". Take this\nsimple example:\n\n> 高すぎるんだ。僕はそう思う。\n>\n> It's too expensive. That's what I think.\n\nSo in the fist example sentence, \"そう思ってひどく安心した\" means something like \"I\nthought about that and was very relieved\". Translating it literally would be a\nlittle awkward, so here is my guess at a more natural translation:\n\n> 再婚すると聞かされた時、しっとするどころかそう思ってひどく安心したの覚えている。\n>\n> When I heard she was getting married, rather than feeling jealous I remember\n> I was actually so relieved to hear that.\n\nIn the second sentence, そう is part of そうじゃない which simply means \"is not\", and\nwould be the opposite of \"そう(だ)\". It is used to deny the statement right\nbefore it.\n\nAgain, a somewhat non-literal translation that tries to get across the\nmeaning.\n\n> では、赤ん坊は夫側が引き取ったのかというとそうではない。\n>\n> Now then, if you thought that the child was taken and brought up by the\n> husband, you'd be wrong.\n\nMake sense?",
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"creation_date": "2016-02-24T14:18:33.490",
"id": "32434",
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{
"body": "When 「そう」 means \" _ **that way**_ \", \" _ **in such a way**_ \", \" **so** \",\netc. (and **not** \"appearing\", \"seeming\", etc.), it can be used anywhere in\nthe sentence except for at the very end.\n\nThe only exception to that general \"rule\" about the position of 「そう」 in\nquestion is when [anastrophe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastrophe) is\nused. We sometimes say things such as 「オレは思うよ、そう。」(\"I think so.\"),\n「言ったよな、そう？」(\"You did say that, didn't you?\") , but this does not occur in\n(formal) writing.\n\nSo (no pun here), whenever one sees/hears 「そう」 in this usage, _**what it\nrefers to has already been mentioned and is well understood between\nspeaker/writer and listener/reader**_. That means that if it is not\nunderstood, then 「そう」 has been used improperly.\n\nIf the listener/reader ever encountered a misusage of 「そう」, he would reply\nwith 「 **どう** 」. These two words form a pair.\n\nWhen I first read your first sentence:\n\n> 「[再婚]{さいこん}すると[聞]{き}かされた[時]{とき}、しっとするどころか **そう[思]{おも}って**\n> ひどく[安心]{あんしん}したの[覚]{おぼ}えている。」,\n\nAs a Japanese-speaker, my natural reaction was to wonder to myself 「 **どう**\n思ったの？」 because I, as a reader, could **not** have known what the speaker\nthought if I only had that sentence to go by. Hence, my request for more\ncontext, and thanks to you, it is all clear now.\n\n> 「[彼]{かれ}ならきっと[大丈夫]{だいじょうぶ}だ。」 is what the speaker was referring to by 「\n> **そう** 思って」.\n\nIn your second example sentence, what 「そう」 refers to is clearly mentioned\nwithin itself.\n\n> 「では、[赤]{あか}ん[坊]{ぼう}は[夫側]{おっとがわ}が[引]{ひ}き[取]{と}ったのかというと **そうではない** 。」\n>\n> \"Did the husband's side take custody of the kid, then? No, that is not the\n> case.\"\n\nI intentionally translated the original using two sentences because that is\nthe \" _ **feeling**_ \" of the original sentence on the native level.\n\n\"if one were to ask (this question), then no, that would not be the case.\"",
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"creation_date": "2016-02-25T00:45:27.400",
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| 32432 | 32448 | 32448 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was just wondering, because in English we can say \"This story begs the\nquestion\" etc. The wording for English is very versatile, and I was wondering\nif Japanese has this as well, for example in this sentence:\n\n> このゲームは質問を頼む",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-24T16:05:29.513",
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"id": "32436",
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"owner_user_id": "13655",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"usage",
"animacy"
],
"title": "In Japanese, can we say an object asks a question?",
"view_count": 859
} | [
{
"body": "In English, an inanimate thing can frequently be the subject of a sentence as\nif the thing had its will. In Japanese, that happens less often, and many\nsentences are better translated into Japanese by selecting other words as the\nsubject. Wikipedia has some [examples of such\nsentences](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%BB%E8%AA%9E%E6%A7%8B%E6%96%87#.E7.89.A9.E3.81.AA.E3.81.A9.E3.81.8C.E4.B8.BB.E8.AA.9E.E3.81.AB.E3.81.AA.E3.82.8B.E5.A0.B4.E5.90.88).\nTo take a few:\n\n> * The book will teach you the basic conversation of Spanish.\n> （△その本はスペイン語会話の基礎を教える。） \n> → By reading the book you can learn the basic conversation of Spanish.\n> （その本を読めばスペイン語会話の基礎が学べる。）\n> * The airplane enables you to reach Los Angels tomorrow.\n> （△飛行機はあなたを明日ロサンゼルスに着くのを可能にする。 \n> → Thanks to the airplane, you can reach Los Angels tomorrow.\n> （飛行機のおかげであなたは明日ロサンゼルスに到着することができる。）\n> * The heavy snow prevented him from going home yesterday.\n> （△あの大雪は彼の昨日の帰宅を妨げた。 \n> → Due to the heavy snow, he could not go home yesterday.\n> （あの大雪のため、彼は昨日家に帰れなかった。）\n> * This photo reminds me of my childhood. （△この写真は、子ども時代をわたしに思い起こさせる。） \n> → When I see this photo, I recall my childhood. （この写真を見ると私は子どもの頃を思い出す。）\n>\n\nThe English sentences are followed by the literal Japanese translation. Here\n\"△\" indicates that that Japanese sentence is probably understandable but\nunnatural, because an inanimate thing like _book_ or _airplane_ is the\nsubject. To translate such sentences naturally, you have to rephrase them so\nthat a living thing becomes the subject, as shown in the second line of each\nbullet.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-25T01:33:37.193",
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}
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| 32436 | null | 32449 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32443",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> [至誠]{しせい}に[悖]{もと}る[勿]{な}かり **しか** \n> [言行]{げんこう}に[恥]{は}づる[勿]{な}かり **しか**...\n\nWhat part of speech is it?\n\n[Wiki](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E7%9C%81) translates it as\n真心に反する点はなかったか, which going by meaning only fits with 2（連語）\n[here](http://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%97%E3%81%8B), but I couldn't find\nexamples where し 副助詞 follows 連用形. Is it the しか（終助詞）? If it's き 已然形, why is it\n已然形?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-24T17:41:54.533",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32441",
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"owner_user_id": "12413",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"classical-japanese",
"auxiliaries"
],
"title": "What is しか here?",
"view_count": 200
} | [
{
"body": "Pretty sure it's the 已然形 of [き](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%8D-471819) (a\nclassical helper verb that expresses reflection on real past experience c.f.\nけり).",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-24T18:08:46.247",
"id": "32442",
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{
"body": "It's direct past [き](https://classicaljapanese.wordpress.com/2014/11/18/ki/) +\nquestion [か](http://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%8B) (see the 係助詞 one).\n\nThe particle か causes [係【かか】り結【むす】び](http://www.thomasdougherty.net/?p=114)\nphenomenon, which makes the sentence verb end in 連体形 no matter where か\nattaches to in the sentence. In the link about き above you can see its 連体形 is\nし.",
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"creation_date": "2016-02-24T18:30:28.557",
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| 32441 | 32443 | 32443 |
{
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"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I think I understand when you would use 箸にも棒にもかからない, referring to someone who\nis hopeless - but what situation does the phrase describe? \nIs there a story behind it? What is happening with chopsticks and sticks?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-24T20:43:01.993",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"phrases"
],
"title": "What does 箸にも棒にもかからない describe?",
"view_count": 244
} | [
{
"body": "According to this site... <http://kotowaza.avaloky.com/pv_hob26_01.html>\n\nSuppose you're trying to pick something up by hooking it up. You tried a short\nchopstick. You tried a long stick. But no avail, it can't be caught with them\n- it just doesn't seem to work!\n\nThis is the story behind this phrase. It depicts the outcome that is so bad\nthat it can be of no use.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-25T00:16:15.760",
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{
"body": "“箸にも棒にもかからない” literally meaning \"can't be caught with chopsticks nor long\nsticks\" is a popular Japanese idiom to describe an uncontrollable person,\nthing, or issue. We say “彼は箸にも棒にもかからない奴だ（人間だ),” meaning “He is totally\nuntreatable (uncontrollably cunning, untrustful).\n\nYou can catch a small thing like a bean with your chopsticks. You can hold a\nbig thing by using two long sticks. If you are not able to pinch, catch or\nhold a thing with either chopsticks or long sticks, it must be a thing\ndifficult for you to handle, or the thing deadly out of your control. So it’s\n箸にも棒にもかからない奴 (物、問題) – a person, object, thing, or issue which is out of your\ncontrol, in other word, useless, hopeless, and mysterious.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 32445 | null | 32446 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32456",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "ページ数 means number of pages. Is it すう or かず?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-25T07:25:39.397",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32454",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-25T09:32:54.647",
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"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"pronunciation",
"compounds"
],
"title": "How do I read 数 in ページ数?",
"view_count": 221
} | [
{
"body": "It is read すう in this case\n\n * [From Tangorin](http://tangorin.com/general/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E6%95%B0): PEEJIsuu\n * [From Weblio](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E6%95%B0) 読み方：ページすう",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-25T07:34:53.240",
"id": "32455",
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{
"body": "「ページ数」 is always read 「ページ **すう** 」.\n\n**_Generally_** speaking, 「数」 is read 「かず」 when preceded by originally\nJapanese words, and it is read 「すう」 when preceded by Sino- and Non-Sino\nloanwords. Be reminded that exceptions abound regarding this matter. When\nunsure, consult a dictionary or call me collect.\n\n> **「かず」:**\n\n「[口数]{くちかず}」(talkativeness), 「[場数]{ばかず}」(number/amount of experience(s) ),\n「[品数]{しなかず}」(number of items), etc.\n\n> **「すう」:**\n\n「ホームラン数」(number of homeruns), 「[台]{だい}数」(number of machines, cars, etc.),\n「[支店]{してん}数」(number of branches for a company), 「ゴール数」(number of goals in\nsoccer), etc.\n\n> **_A Hillarious Exception:_**\n\n「[頭数]{あたまかず}」: The number of **_people_** in a given place or situation.\n\n「[頭数]{とうすう}」: The number of **_(larger) animals_** in a given place or\nsituation.",
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}
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| 32454 | 32456 | 32455 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32459",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What is the difference between 'futari' and 'futari-domo'?\n\nAlso, is 二人共 the correct way to write 'futari-domo'?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-25T11:20:49.037",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32457",
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"owner_user_id": "7494",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Is there a difference between 'futari' and 'futari-domo'?",
"view_count": 12177
} | [
{
"body": "Yo Hamsteriffic, you probably mean futari- **T** omo.\n\nThe difference is as follows:\n\n> 二人 ⇒ two people.\n>\n> 二人共 ⇒ both people.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-25T12:26:11.190",
"id": "32459",
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{
"body": "“二人” means _two persons_ , e.g. 二人で合唱する ‐ Two (people) sing a duet.\n\n“二人とも” means _both of the two_ , or _two of them together_ , e.g.\n彼は兄弟二人とも東大出身である ‐ Both he and his brother graduated from Tokyo University.\n\n“二人共” can also be written “二人とも”, and should be pronounced “Hutari **t** omo,”\nnot “Hutari domo.”\n\nWhen we say 共々, e.g. “夫婦共々”元気に過ごしています ‐ \"We, as a couple, are faring well,\" it\nshould be pronounced “Huu-hu tomo **d** omo.”",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-26T08:30:29.407",
"id": "32483",
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"score": 4
}
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| 32457 | 32459 | 32459 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32464",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Do the following sentences have identical meaning?\n\nA: チャットせずに勉強したほうがいいです。\n\nEdit:\n\nB: 勉強しながらチャットしないほうがいいです。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-25T12:16:15.810",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32458",
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"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Do ～せずに～したほうがいい and ～しながら～しないほうがいい have identical meaning?",
"view_count": 440
} | [
{
"body": "No, they are different.\n\nA: チャットせずに勉強したほうがいいです。is translated as \" It is better to study without doing\nchat.\n\nB: チャットしながら勉強しないほうがいいです。is translated as \" It is better not to study with\ndoing chat.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-25T12:27:27.080",
"id": "32460",
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{
"body": "No they do not have an identical meaning.\n\nLet's see how things turns out when you write them in english.\n\n * A: You should avoid chatting while studying. \n * B: You should not chat while studying.\n\nWhat do you say ?",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-25T12:28:26.237",
"id": "32461",
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{
"body": "> A「チャットせずに勉強したほうがいいです。」\n\ncan be parsed in two ways:\n\n 1. [チャットせずに/しないで][勉強]したほうがいい ← 「勉強」 is stressed. \n→ _lit._ \"You should [not chat] [but study].\" \n→ What you should do is チャットしない and 勉強する. \n→ \"You shouldn't chat, but should study.\"\n\nSo, you might say this to mean 「チャットやめなさい。勉強しなさい。」 to someone chatting and\nprocrastinating.\n\n 2. [チャットせずに/しないで勉強]したほうがいい ← 「チャットせずに」 is stressed. \n→ _lit._ \"You should [study without chatting].\" \n→ What you should do is チャットしないで勉強, in other words, what you shouldn't do is\nチャットしながら勉強. \n→ \"You shouldn't chat while studying.\" / \"You shouldn't study and chat at the\nsame time.\"\n\nSo, you might say this to mean 「チャットしながら勉強するのは、やめなさい。」 to someone chatting\nwhile studying.\n\n> B「チャットしながら勉強しないほうがいいです。」\n\ncan only be parsed one way:\n\n 1. [チャットしながら勉強]しないほうがいい \n→ \"You shouldn't chat while studying.\" / \"You shouldn't study and chat at the\nsame time.\"\n\nSo, sentence A-2 can be used to mean the same thing as sentence B: \n「勉強するときは、/ 勉強中は、チャットしてはいけません。」\n\n* * *\n\n_Edit:_\n\n> チャットしながら勉強するな \n> 勉強しながらチャットするな\n\nI think they can be used to mean almost the same (like, don't chat and study\nat the same time), but I feel like チャットしながら勉強するな might be a bit closer to\n勉強しているときにチャットするな, 勉強中にチャットするな, \"Don't chat while studying.\" Compare:\n\n * 「音楽を聴きながら食事する」≂「食事中に音楽を聴く」「食事しているときに音楽を聴く」 (listen to music while eating), rather than 「音楽を聴いているときに食事する」(← sounds strange) \n\n * 「足元に注意しながら進む」≂「進むときに足元に注意する」 (watch your step as you move forward), rather than 「足元に注意するときに進む」「進みながら足元に注意する」",
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"creation_date": "2016-02-25T13:30:15.023",
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}
]
| 32458 | 32464 | 32464 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32463",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I heard the following phrase spoken in Osaka:\n\n> そう泣いてばかりでは **わかりゃあせん**\n\nIs it regional? Does it have any nuance to it?\n\nIs it a more regular pattern or just an intonation of this particular phrase?\n\n(Googling shows some わかりゃせん, but it also seems a spoken dialect; anyway I\ncould not find any dictionary reference)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-25T13:00:57.867",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language",
"particle-は",
"dialects",
"negation",
"contractions"
],
"title": "What is the nuance of わかりゃあせん vs regular わかりません?",
"view_count": 324
} | [
{
"body": "_tl;dr_ It is regional speaking, and former has emphasis on it where latter\ndoesn't.\n\nHere's what I found. This wording can be found in\n[三河弁](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikawa_dialect). Although this is spoken\nin Aichi, I (from Hyogo) do speak this sometimes.\n\nIn this dialect, **〜や(あ)せん** in the regular form is **〜や しない**. \nSo **わかりゃあせん** in regular form is **わかりやしない**.\n\nNow, **わかりません** vs **わかりやしない(わかりやしません)** is slightly different.\n\nWe'll break わかりやしない into words...\n\n> わかり/や/し/ない\n\nwhere **や** is very interesting. _や_ is actually `Engagement particle` **は**\nturned into casual speaking.\n\n(Cf.\n<http://lang-8.com/81029/journals/227496511358989883065326511567758757626>)\n\nSo that being said, this phrase is originally **わかりはしない** , whose _basic\nmeaning_ is \"わからない\". This **は emphasizes preceding word**. So it can be\ninterpreted as \" **I(we)'ll _never_ know.**\"\n\nWhat about わかりません? It's simply \" _I don't know_ ,\" no emphasis put. That's the\ndifference between them.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-25T13:30:01.863",
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}
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| 32462 | 32463 | 32463 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "こんにちは！質問があります。\n\n「私の意見を述べました」と「自分の意見を述べました」はどう違いますか。\n\nそして、「自分」の詳しい使い方を説明していただけませんか。\n\nよろしくおねがいします！",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-25T13:34:43.593",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "12082",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "「自分」の使い方を詳しく説明していただけませんか。",
"view_count": 367
} | [
{
"body": "I think 私 is formal and 自分 is a little chatty. So 私 is used in business but 自分\nis less used there.\n\n自分 is often used at Japanese sport desk in school. And it is used as second\nperson in Osaka.\n\nThe detail is written here.\n<https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7%B0%E4%BB%A3%E5%90%8D%E8%A9%9E>",
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| 32465 | null | 32478 |
{
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"body": "Up to now, I don't understand well how I should translate\n\n> テレビを見ながら、朝ご飯を食べる。\n\nto English.\n\nSome people translate it as\n\n> A: I have breakfast while watching television.\n\nand some other people translate it as\n\n> B: I watch television while having breakfast.\n\nI think there should be two actions here, one is the primary action (or job or\ntask) and the other one is the secondary action (or job or task).\n\n# Question\n\nWhich ones are the primary and secondary actions (or tasks, or jobs) in\n「Xしながら、Yする」 grammar?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-25T14:22:06.143",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Which ones are the primary and secondary actions in 「Xしながら、Yする」 grammar?",
"view_count": 84
} | []
| 32466 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32469",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've always taken this to be the -te form of だ. My reasoning is similar to the\ndiscussion given here:\n\n[What's the use of で in\n「日本の食べ物で大好きなものは何？」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/19731/whats-\nthe-use-\nof-%E3%81%A7-in-%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E9%A3%9F%E3%81%B9%E7%89%A9%E3%81%A7%E5%A4%A7%E5%A5%BD%E3%81%8D%E3%81%AA%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%81%AF%E4%BD%95/19758#19758)\n\nHowever, I ran this by a native speaker, and she strongly felt that the で\nshould be understood as an abbreviation of ・・・の中で. (But perhaps that で is\nitself still understandable as the -te form of だ. In fact, I have the feeling\nthat it is.)\n\nI'd love to hear your thoughts on this.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-25T20:28:28.047",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.397",
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"owner_user_id": "9959",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-で",
"copula"
],
"title": "Would you consider the で in 日本食で一番好きなのは・・・ to be the particle で or the -te form of だ?",
"view_count": 139
} | [
{
"body": "Treating で as の中で:\n\n> Among/in Japanese foods, as for the most liked thing, what is it?\n\nTreating で as て-form of だ:\n\n> It is Japanese food and, as for the most liked thing, what is it?\n\nTo me the first interpretation makes perfect sense. The second interpretation\ndoesn't work. What is it? It's Japanese food. We just said so.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-25T20:44:36.097",
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| 32468 | 32469 | 32469 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32475",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "A man has just opened his newspaper and pulled out a bundle of leaflets. He\nthen says:\n\n> 「いっぱい広告が入ってるなァ。お歳暮も大変だよなァ」 \n> It's full of adverts. The year-end gifts are (also?) great/terrible.\n\nI've never properly understood 大変. How do I know if the man is happy or upset\nby the year-end gifts? My guess is that he's not happy because leaflets in\nnewspapers are a pain, but it's not clear to me at all.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-25T21:28:32.780",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "大変 How to choose correct meaning",
"view_count": 571
} | [
{
"body": "I think it's neither of those definitions. I think in this sentence it has\ndefinition 2 from\n[here](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/134412/meaning/m0u/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%89/):\n\n> 物事が重大であること。また、そのさま。「―な失敗をする」「大型台風の通過で―な被害を受ける」\n\nand the sentence means something like:\n\n> It's full of adverts. There's way too many year-end gifts too.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-26T01:27:13.137",
"id": "32473",
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{
"body": "It's still ambiguous if it refers to customers or sellers but anyway, you can\ntake sense of costing too much or a lot to do into account.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-26T01:33:23.243",
"id": "32474",
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{
"body": "While I agree that 大変 doesn't necessary indicate the man is happy or not, I'd\nsay that **he is feeling some sort of sympathy** , because, in this case, 大変\nrefers to the _competition_ among companies **being tough**. \nWhat do I mean by _competition_? Considering lots of people give out end-year\ngifts in Japan, those companies must be trying their best to _win_ as big\nsales as they can.",
"comment_count": 3,
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| 32470 | 32475 | 32475 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32476",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "How should I say \"that's my train\" (when waiting at a station)? My guess would\nbe:\n\n> これはしんかんせんです。\n\nI'm pretty much a total beginner so simpler expressions are preferred!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-25T22:08:03.083",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32471",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "\"That's my train\"",
"view_count": 1124
} | [
{
"body": "You're close -- your これは新幹線{しんかんせん}です sample simply says, _\"This is a\nshinkansen.\"_ You're missing the _\"my\"_ part. Adding that in, we get これは\n**私{わたし}の** 新幹線です。 → _\"This is **my** shinkansen.\"_\n\n**Note:** This is for the bullet train. For a regular train, swap out the word\n新幹線 for the word 電車{でんしゃ}.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-25T22:56:01.900",
"id": "32472",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-26T07:08:08.693",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-26T07:08:08.693",
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"owner_user_id": "5229",
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{
"body": "> 「これ **は** 新幹線{しんかんせん}です。」\n\nThere are a couple of items that I would like to point out.\n\nFirst, the particle choice. The **_specific_** train that you have been\nwaiting for has just arrived, yes? You are not pointing a finger to just any\nrandom Shinkansen train, right?\n\n**Then, that is definitely a が-situation, not a は-situation.** If you learned\nonly one thing from my answer today, I hope it would be this (instead of\nforming the Japanese equivalent of \"That's my train.\")\n\nMoving on to how to say \"That's my train.\" naturally. The best tip I could\ngive you is to **not** translate it word for word. If you do that, you will\nend up forming a sentence that virtually no native speakers would use in this\nsituation at the station.\n\n> Needless to say, that unnatural sentence would be 「これ **が**\n> 私{わたし}の新幹線{しんかんせん}です。」.\n\nExcellent particle choice, but practically no native speakers would say that\nin the situation we are talking about. Generally speaking, if you translate\nEnglish sentences literally into Japanese, you will have pretty weird-sounding\nJapanese sentences. \"That's my train.\" is one of those sentences.\n\nThe sentences and phrases that native speakers would often use in the given\nsituations include:\n\n(I am mostly imagining a male speaker here.)\n\n「あっ、電車{でんしゃ} **が** 来た{きた}。」\n\n「おっ、来た来た。[乗]{の}ろう。」、「おっ、やっと来た（か、よ、ね、ぞ, etc.）。」 ← **_You do not even have to\nuse \"train\" because you know exactly what is coming_**. It is not a bus, a\ntaxi or a dog that you have been waiting for.\n\n「おっ、あれだ。」、「あっ、あれだ。やっと来た。」\n\n「これ/あれ **が** 乗るやつだよ。」\n\n「これ/あれ **が** ボクの乗るやつだ。」← In case you must use a pronoun for some reason.\n\nNote: 「やつ」 can be replaced with nominalizer 「の」 or the actual noun 「電車」 or\n「新幹線」.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-26T02:35:02.530",
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},
{
"body": "You can say simply \"あれが私の乗る電車です。\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-26T04:31:39.300",
"id": "32477",
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]
| 32471 | 32476 | 32476 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32480",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "* 日本語を勉強する。日本語の勉強をする。\n * 運動する。運動をする。\n * etc\n\nDoes Nする always become a transitive verb?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-26T05:57:04.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32479",
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"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Does Nする always become a transitive verb?",
"view_count": 286
} | [
{
"body": "**Not always.**\n\nOne of the intransitive verbs in form of \"N+する\" is **早起きする** (to wake up\nearly.) 早起き is noun (waking up early,) but 早起きする doesn't take any objects\n(〜を早起きする is very weird!) - it's not a transitive verb.\n\nBy the way, this type of verb (N+する) is\n[サ行変格活用](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E8%A1%8C%E5%A4%89%E6%A0%BC%E6%B4%BB%E7%94%A8)\n( _this page is where I found the example._ ) where the noun is related to any\nform of action.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-26T06:14:52.557",
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| 32479 | 32480 | 32480 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32488",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've been learning adjective conjugations and I've understood that to\nconjugate an adjective into its negative form you drop the last syllable (～い\nsyllable) and add くない. However, I've run into the word すくない which has left me\npuzzled. It seems to be the negative conjugation of a word but I don't see\nwhich one.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-26T06:46:30.420",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32481",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-02-26T07:38:47.353",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "10994",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"adjectives",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "What is the dictionary form of sukunai?",
"view_count": 1545
} | [
{
"body": "The misunderstanding here is that this isn't the negative conjugation of the\nword 少｛すく｝ない. This is the dictionary form. The negative conjugation of 少｛すく｝ない\nis 少｛すく｝なくない.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-26T06:46:30.420",
"id": "32482",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-26T07:39:03.810",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-26T07:39:03.810",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 15
},
{
"body": "[As answered](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/32482/11830), 少ない is not a\nnegative form of an adjective, but rather already the dictionary form.\n\nIt is only coincidentally pronounced the same way as the negative form of\nother い-adjectives.\n\nIt might be interesting to know that [the dictionary entry of\nすくない](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/117871/meaning/m0u/) also shows\nalternative kanji (including archaic versions), where the only kana visible\nafter the kanji is い. So it appears the stem of the adjective stops at すくな.\n\n> すくな・い【少ない／×尠い／▽寡い】\n\nFurther, some dictionaries even [list it as\n少い](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E5%B0%91%E3%81%84), albeit as an\nalternative form of 少ない.\n\nSo it appears the word originally, or principally, came in the form 少い, but\nbecause of the ease of misuse/confusion, adopted the more verbose version 少ない\nas the dictionary form.\n\nSee [the wikipedia entry on\n送りがな:](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%81%E3%82%8A%E3%81%8C%E3%81%AA)\n\n> 少ない - 原則通りであれば「少い」となるが、この送りがなで打消表現を書くと「少くない」となって、これが却って「すくない」とも読まれる可能性がある。\n\nSome other adjectives that behave like this, but do not appear to adopt the\nsame usage are:\n\n * 幼い\n * 儚い",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-26T16:42:41.810",
"id": "32488",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-26T16:42:41.810",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.863",
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"owner_user_id": "11830",
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"score": 13
}
]
| 32481 | 32488 | 32482 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32485",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "We as employees of a relatively big company are often prompted to log on to\nand log out from by wiping our fingers on a bio-metric scanner, for example,\nto declare our attendance.\n\nShortly speaking, what is the Japanese word or phrase to convey the meaning of\n\"to declare attendance\"? In other words, what is the word or phrase to fill\nthe following blank space?\n\n> 社員は平日にバイオメトリックスキャナで ＿＿＿＿＿ (し)なくてはならない。\n>\n> The employees must **declare their attendance** on weekdays using a bio-\n> metric scanner.\n\n# Edit:\n\nAnother example,\n\n> 太郎：寝坊してしまいまして、すみません。\n>\n> Taro: I am sorry for coming late.\n>\n> 店長：悪いですね。じゃあ、早く ＿＿＿＿ して、このネギを切ってください。\n>\n> Store manager: It is bad, isn't it? Well, please quickly \"declare your\n> attendance\" and cut this onion.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-26T15:48:57.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32484",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the Japanese phrase to convey the meaning of \"to declare attendance\"?",
"view_count": 225
} | [
{
"body": "The phrases you are looking for would be:\n\n「[出勤]{しゅっきん}・[退勤]{たいきん}の[打刻]{だこく}をする」\n\n「出勤・退勤（の）[時刻]{じこく}を[記録]{きろく}する」\n\nYou could use 「[出社]{しゅっしゃ}・[退社]{たいしゃ}」 instead of 「出勤・退勤」 as well.\n\nEDIT: For your second example sentence, you could use:\n\n「出社時刻を打刻して」、「タイムカードを[打]{う}って」(if they use a time card), etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-26T16:10:14.207",
"id": "32485",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 32484 | 32485 | 32485 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32489",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was watching [this\nvideo](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G3_-LuElzfA&index=7&list=PLINFE8v4DOhsq0scG83kB5CRnowYWGSH7)\nexplaining から. In it (at :08 and again at 2:29), the instructor shows a scene\nwhere he is drinking water, and says ”暑いから水を飲みました。”, then a buzzer noise and a\nbig red X shows up. He then goes on to a scene where he is taking off his\nshirt and says, ”暑いから脱｛ぬ｝ぎました”. This sentence gets a ding and a green circle.\nHe doesn't explain this, so I can't tell if he is making some kind of joke\n(perhaps about his preference for getting nude vs drinking water in response\nto hot weather), or if he is saying the first sentence is wrong for some\nreason. Is it? Why?\n\nNote that I would have asked in a comment on the video, but someone already\ndid that 6 months ago and hasn't gotten a response from the author of the\nvideo.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-26T16:25:28.523",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32486",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-26T22:56:22.597",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-26T22:56:22.597",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13577",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"particle-から"
],
"title": "Is there something wrong with this sentence? 暑いから水を飲みました。",
"view_count": 221
} | [
{
"body": "I think 暑いから水を飲みました is natural.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-26T17:18:36.687",
"id": "32489",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-26T17:18:36.687",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "32486",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 32486 | 32489 | 32489 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32500",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When two or more verbs (or adjectives) can be \"bounded\" (either loosely or\ntightly) as the following case,\n\n * 食べていない。\n * 買ってくれて欲しい。\n * したことがある。\n\ndoes the negated position matter?\n\nMore precisely, for example:\n\n * Is 「食べていない」identical to 「食べなくている」?\n * Is 「買ってくれて欲しくない」identical to either 「買わなくてくれて欲しい」or 「買ってくれなくて欲しい」?\n * Is 「したことがない」identical to 「しなかったことがある」?\n\n# Bonus question:\n\nIs there a rule specifying the only part that can be negated?",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-27T05:25:45.797",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32491",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-27T15:14:01.410",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"negation"
],
"title": "Is 飲んだことがない identical to 飲まなかったことがある?",
"view_count": 215
} | [
{
"body": "The sentences 飲んだことがない and 飲まなかったことがある are different.\n\n飲んだことがない is translated as \"I have never drunk\", and 飲まなかったことがある is translated\nas \"There were times when I didn't drink.\"\n\nThe negative form of 食べていない is 食べていなくない, and 食べていない is identical to 食べないでいる.\n\nThe negative form of したことがある is したことがない. The negative form of したことがない is\nしたことがなくない but it is rarely used. したことがない and しなかったことがある are different as I\nexplained.\n\n買ってくれて欲しい is unnatural. If you want to say \"I want you to buy a car for me\",\nit is \"私に車を買って欲しい\". The negative form of 買って欲しい is 買って欲しくない, and 買って欲しくない is\nidentical to 買わないで欲しい.\n\nIn addition, 食べないでいない and 買わないで欲しくない are rarely used.\n\nThey are summarized as follows: \n\"Negative verb + verb\" has the same meaning as \"verb + negative verb\" like\n走らないで行く and 走って行かない and they are translated as \"go without running\".\n\nAnd \"negative verb + negative verb\" is rarely used.\n\nHere is a related question: [して行｛い｝かない versus\nしないで行｛い｝く](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/30515/%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E8%A1%8C-%E3%81%84-%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84-versus-%E3%81%97%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%A7%E8%A1%8C-%E3%81%84-%E3%81%8F/30529#30529)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-27T08:04:58.347",
"id": "32500",
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"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
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"parent_id": "32491",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 32491 | 32500 | 32500 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32497",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In Australia, community colleges are non-profit institutions that provide\ncourses, often in the evening or on weekends, that run at most for a couple of\nmonths. [This](https://www.cityeastcc.com.au/) is the one I started learning\nJapanese at.\n\nHow would I describe such a college, or the courses it runs, in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-27T05:29:00.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32492",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-28T01:52:50.960",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Japanese for Australian-style community colleges",
"view_count": 90
} | [
{
"body": "If the courses offered at Australian \"community colleges\" are accredited and\nthe credits earned at those schools are transferrable to other \"normal\"\nuniversities, then Japan does **_not_** have a counterpart for such schools.\n\nIf the courses offered at such schools are **_not_** accredited in Down Under,\nthen we have at least somewhat \"similar\" schools (even though we do not\nconsider them to be real schools).\n\nThe names differ from one town/area to another, but those are commonly called\n「[生涯学習]{しょうがいがくしゅう}センター」、「[文化]{ぶんか}センター」、「文化サロン」、「コミュニティーセンター」, etc. Many are\npublicly run and some are privately run.\n\nTo be honest, I have little knowledge of Down Under myself, but I have a\nfeeling that your \"commuinity colleges\" might probably be more \"serious\"\nand/or \"academic\" than the places in Japan for which I just introduced the\nnames.\n\nWhen you want to talk to Japanese-speakers about your community colleges, I\nmight suggest that you use 「コミュニティー **カレッジ** 」 and add a little explanation.\nIn your explanation, you might want to say something like\n「日本でいう『生涯学習センター』のようなところです。」. That way, you could best avoid misunderstanding.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-27T06:38:03.337",
"id": "32497",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-02-28T01:52:50.960",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 32492 | 32497 | 32497 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "\"子\" (or \"こ\") often comes at the [end of a woman's\nname](http://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/names-for-people.html). But for baby animals,\n\"子\" is at the [start of the term](http://www.language-\nexchanges.org/es/content/confusing-about-animals-name). Why is it different\nfor the two?\n\n(I've heard of the name \"Koichi\" belonging to a Japanese man, but I don't know\nif that literally means \"child one\", uses \"子\", or is cognate with \"子\")",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-27T05:54:15.367",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32493",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-28T08:43:50.443",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-27T06:02:30.707",
"last_editor_user_id": "91",
"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"names"
],
"title": "Why does \"子\" often come at the end of a woman's name, but comes at the start of the term for a baby animal?",
"view_count": 1075
} | [
{
"body": "This is difficult to answer, but: \nTL;DR **Because the meaning of 子 in the end of name and that of 子 at the start\nof term meaning baby animals are different!**\n\n* * *\n\n\"子\" (or \"こ\") as the end of a woman's name and \"子\" as the start of the term of\nbaby animals (I think you mean something like \"[子猫]{こねこ}\".) What \"子\" here\nmakes are very different.\n\n * 子 as the end of a woman's name **\"makes a name.\"**\n * This is a **suffix**. \n * According to [this site](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%90_\\(%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D\\)), 子 as suffix of name is seen way before Heian era, and has been used in man's name back then.\n * Looks like that in Heian era, the emperor gave the princess the name so: they first replaced the kanji in their name with the one of same reading (because they looking bad,) picked one of them (name back then contained multiple letters,) then added 子. \n * Then the name using suffix 子 became widespread.\n * 子 as the starting of the term of baby animals makes a \"term.\" \n * In this case, it works as a _prefix._\n * This 子 has the obvious meaning of \"baby of.\"\n\nAnd no, we never say baby cats as \"猫子.\" It's weird. Using 「子」 as prefix,\nbabies of animal (grammatically `general noun`) are often called \"子-(name of\nanimal.)\" For instance, 子猫{こねこ}、子犬{こいぬ}. \nBut also note that there are some cases that \"子-prefix\" sounds weird.\n\n* * *\n\n> I've heard of the name \"Koichi\" belonging to a Japanese man, but I don't\n> know if that literally means \"child one\", uses \"子\", or is cognate with \"子\"\n\nIt doesn't. Koichi is read \"KO-O/I-CHI\" ( **こう** /いち) and written as 光一, 幸一,\n浩一 etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-27T06:37:09.223",
"id": "32496",
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"owner_user_id": "13662",
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},
{
"body": "If you'd really think about it, in English, it wouldn't be as confusing as it\nseemed.\n\nFor example, when we say \"baby kangaroo\", we're referring to a \"kangaroo\", a\nsmall, young, \" _infant_ kangaroo\". We're using a noun _baby_ as an adjective\nhere. Generally, nouns can be used adjectively in English if put before\nanother noun: \" _ice_ age\" actually means \"glacial\", \" _winter_ bash\" is\n\"hibernal\" (thanks, @oals). So does Japanese. `子 + animal` means \"baby animal\"\n**because** it's put before the animal name.\n\nIn personal name ～子, the 子 is but an ordinary noun _child_ (or, _girl_ ). Thus\n`words + 子` just means \"--'s child\" or \"a child of --\" or \"a -- child\".\nOriginally this naming convention was meant to be \"a [adjective]\n(noble-)descendant\", and why it becomes female name maker is a long history,\nplease see @CollapsedPLUG's answer and link.\n\n**PS** \n～子 compound isn't limited to woman's names. It also has common usages:\n\n * just as \"[something] child\": \nみなし子【ご】 \"orphan\", 継子【ままこ】 \"stepchild\", 赤子【あかご】 \"( _old-fashioned_ ) baby\",\n双子【ふたご】 \"twins\" etc\n\n * or more sporadically as \"the [something]-ed\" or \"[something] worker\": \n売【う】り子【こ】 \"(extra) vendor\", 切子【きりこ】 \"rounding-off; cut glass\", 踊【おど】り子【こ】 \"(\n_old-fashioned_ ) showgirl\", 店子【たなこ】 \"tenant\" etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-27T16:30:36.150",
"id": "32504",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-28T06:35:50.017",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-28T06:35:50.017",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "32493",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "The origin of languages and customs are often forgotten and we often just do\nit without regard. Most Japanese people don't know the history about 子 as\nstated above. As I understand it, 子 in a name, has a cute sound to it and for\na few decades it was popular to use. --Think of it as calling someone Billy,\nBobby, Nicky etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-28T08:43:50.443",
"id": "32525",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-28T08:43:50.443",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13698",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 32493 | null | 32496 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32499",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What are the Japanese words which express surfing the internet/browsing the\ninternet/being on the internet both formal and informal? I stumbled upon this\nproblem while trying to find a way to say \"I browse the internet on my phone\nbefore going to sleep\" (yes, I know it's unhealthy, I'm trying to stop :()",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-27T06:22:53.213",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32494",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-27T07:24:18.700",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11958",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"words",
"slang",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "japanese verb for \"to surf the internet\"",
"view_count": 4366
} | [
{
"body": "* \"To surf the internet\" is _literally_ **ネットサーフィンする**. And I think this is sort of informal. \n * \"To browse\" is **見る**. So **ネットを見る** is the answer. \n * \"Being on the internet\" - either one above should be fine.\n\nWe also say:\n\n * **インターネットに接続{せつぞく}する** _formal!_\n * This could also mean _connecting_ to the internet.\n * **インターネットを閲覧{えつらん}する** _formal!_\n * This always means surfing/browsing the internet.\n * インターネットをする\n\netc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-27T07:24:18.700",
"id": "32499",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-27T07:24:18.700",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "13662",
"parent_id": "32494",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
]
| 32494 | 32499 | 32499 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32503",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How can I say something like \"I hate to rain on your parade, but...\" In\nJapanese? If there is no equivalent then kindly teach me how to say \"Sorry to\ndisappoint you, but...\" Thanks!!!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-27T11:57:42.630",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32502",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-27T15:44:23.337",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-27T12:13:00.200",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "13689",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"expressions",
"set-phrases",
"idioms"
],
"title": "Rain on your parade",
"view_count": 209
} | [
{
"body": "If what you're talking about is\n[this](http://ja.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=rain%20on%20your%20parade):\n\n> to do something that spoils someone's plans\n\nWe have idioms\n[水【みず】を差【さ】す](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E6%B0%B4%E3%82%92%E3%81%95%E3%81%99)\nand\n[腰【こし】を折【お】る](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E8%85%B0%E3%82%92%E6%8A%98%E3%82%8B)\nin Japanese.\n\n> 水を差して [apology words] … \n> 水を差すようで [apology words] … \n> 水を差すようなことを言って [apology words] …\n>\n> （話の）腰を折って [apology words] … \n> (... and so forth ...)\n\nwhile in [apology words] you can fill (in the order from casual to formal):\n\n> 悪いんだけど、 \n> ごめん（ね）、 \n> 申し訳ないけど、 \n> すみませんが、 \n> 申し訳ありませんが、 \n> 大変申し訳ないのですが、\n\nThe difference between the two is, 水を差す is more like spoiling the fun, and\n腰を折る is more interrupting the stream.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-27T15:44:23.337",
"id": "32503",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-27T15:44:23.337",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "32502",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 32502 | 32503 | 32503 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32509",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Consider the following sentence:\n\n> [私]{わたし}の[名前]{なまえ}はライノーです。 \n> watashi-no namae-wa rhino desu.\n\nWould a native speaker use this form, as opposed to ”[私]{わたし}はライノーです” or\n”[名前]{なまえ}ライノーです”?\n\nAn acquaintance of mine (not a native speaker either) claims that the former\nwould sound unnatural and, although grammatically correct, would rarely be\npreferred over the latter two.\n\nOther than that (given my example sounds right), am I correct in the\nassumption that the first form is the most polite, while the second is\nslightly less polite and the third one would be used only in casual\nconversations?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-27T18:15:46.307",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "13691",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"politeness"
],
"title": "Does 私の名前はXYZです sound natural?",
"view_count": 387
} | [
{
"body": "In my (admittedly limited) experience with Japanese introductions, this is a\ncorrect phrase, but it is not the most natural.\n\nThe most common way to introduce yourself is to say \"XYZです\". Both the 私 and\nthe 名前 parts are obvious from context, and should be left out unless you have\na reason to add them.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-27T21:51:13.387",
"id": "32508",
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},
{
"body": "Both '私の名前はライノーです' and '私はライノーです' are correct, but '名前ライノーです' is awkward and\ngrammatically incorrect. I think '私の名前はライノーです' sounds a bit too formal, and\n'私はライノーです' is more commonly used.\n\nWhen you are introducing yourself to somebody for the first meet, you say\nsimply 'ライノーです', or 'ライノーと申します.' Usually you give your family name. I don’t\nintroduce myself by my first name when I meet someone for the first time.\n\nWhen you begin with your self-introduction at meeting or in speech, you say\n'私はXX ・ライノーです (or reverse of it)' or 'ライノー・XXと申します.' You give your full name,\nor sometimes can give only the surname, like \"只今ご紹介がありました田中(一郎)でございます - My\nname is Tanaka (Ichiro) as just being introduced by the MC.\"\n\nWhen you are knocking somebody’s door and asked “どなたですか？,” you say “ライノーです”.\n\nWhen you are asked your full name by police on speed, you say “姓はライノー、名前はXX\n(or reverse of it) です\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-27T22:22:26.330",
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| 32505 | 32509 | 32508 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32507",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was watching a drama (無痛 ep.3) when a short sentence baffled me. The main\nactor's wife was taking her last breaths, thanking her husband, who himself a\ndoctor, told her, that it would be best to die at home in his care rather than\nin a hospital for a number of reasons. She says:\n\n> 英介さんの **言うとおり** にしてよかった。\n\nIt's translated as: I am glad that I listened to you. Thank you. If I would\nhave said something like that, I would have said\n\n> **言ったとおり** にしてよかった。\n\nI asked a native speaker about it but all she could tell me was, that she\ndoesn't think 言ったとおり would be wrong. However she herself would say it like in\nthe drama... But why is that?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-27T19:47:33.550",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32506",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-02-27T20:14:30.927",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12455",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"tense"
],
"title": "Why does native speakers rather say 言う通り not 言った通り?",
"view_count": 342
} | [
{
"body": "The same reason that in English you can say 'like you say'.\n\nIf someone says 'I had maabou doufu last night and it was amazingly\ndelicious', and some time later you decide to try it yourself and agree, you\nmight tell them 「君の言ったとおりだ」. 'It's just like you told me (some time ago)' -\nyou're referring to a specific instance of them telling you.\n\nIf you're both at the same restaurant, and either you order maabou doufu on\ntheir recommendation, or they give you some to try, you might tell them\n「君の言うとおりだ」. 'It's just like you say' or 'it's just like you're telling me' -\nyou're referring to the fact that they think this, and you would expect them\nto say this regularly.\n\nIt seems to my non-native ears that 言う通り would also be valid if someone has\ntold you 'maabou doufu is amazing' several times in the past, and you've now\ntried it and agree - once again, you're not referring to a specific instance\nof them telling you, but the fact that they do tell you on a somewhat regular\nbasis. I'm not 100% sure of this, though.\n\n(more here: <http://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/8897632.html>)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-27T20:22:10.627",
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}
]
| 32506 | 32507 | 32507 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My friend and I are reading the book 宝石泥棒 by Masaki Yamada.\n\nThe first scene is in a Jungle, and the protagonist, a young warrior in\nprimitive attire, is just about to continue on his journey when suddenly there\nis a strange flash of blue light, a wave of heat hits the young man, and a\nfierce fire starts.\n\nThe following text follows. It seems to be meant to describe how fierce the\nfire is:\n\n> 少年は色を失っていた。いかに勇敢な戦士といえども、押し寄せる炎に抗することはできない。\n>\n>\n> 炎は、死神の使わしめ、〝髑髏の猟犬{カーマン}〟に譬{たと}えられている。確実に、そしてすばやく、その犠牲{ぎぜい}者たちを牙{きば}にかけるからである。野火がどれほど恐怖の対象となっているかの、一つの証左といえた。\n\nWhat we don't understand exactly is this last sentence:\n野火がどれほど恐怖の対象となっているかの、一つの証左といえた。It seems to say \"It could be said to be a proof\nof the degree to which field fires become the subject of fear\". But something\nmust be missing in this translation. What is the proof of what?\n\nWhat does this sentence say about field fires and the fire that just occurred\nin the story?\n\n**Edit:**\n\nSince the source of the confusion may be the way we interpret the beginning of\nthe text, here is my translation of the first sentences:\n\n> The boy paled. A brave warrior though he was, he could not stand up to the\n> advancing flame.\n\nNow, the 炎 in the next sentence could be \"flames in general\" or \"these\nparticular flames that are advancing on the boy\", so the translation could be\neither:\n\n> Flames are likened to the messenger of Death, \"The Hound of Skulls\".\n\nor\n\n> These flames were like the messenger of Death, \"The Hound of Skulls\".\n\nAnd next:\n\n> This is because they would sink their fangs into their victims without fail\n> and very quickly.\n\n(Note: the author seems to expect us to be familiar with the expression\n\"髑髏の猟犬\", even going as far as giving it a non-standard furigana. I couldn't\nfind any relevant references, though).\n\nMy expectation as a reader is that this whole passage would explain why a\nbrave warrior should fear the sudden flames so much. In the paragraph that\nfollows this text, the boy starts running away as fast as he can. Either it's\nsomething frightening about fires in general, or something frightening about\nthis particular sudden unnatural fire. But that last sentence doesn't seem to\nbe about that. And being in the past tense seems to imply that it should be an\nobservation relevant to the scene and not a general observation about field\nflames.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-27T22:33:07.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32510",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-02-28T07:45:03.703",
"last_editor_user_id": "7446",
"owner_user_id": "7446",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does the following sentence say about field fires?",
"view_count": 163
} | [
{
"body": "> What we don't understand exactly is this last sentence:\n> 野火がどれほど恐怖の対象となっているかの、一つの証左といえた。It seems to say \" ** _It could be said to be\n> a proof of the degree to which field fires become the subject of fear_** \".\n> But something must be missing in this translation. What is the proof of\n> what?\n\nThat translation itself actually is fairly good. The only thing it leaves me a\nbit unsure is what you had in mind regarding what that first word \"It\"\nreferred to. (But that is why you posted this question.)\n\nIt is saying that:\n\n> The fact that\n> [炎]{ほのお}は、[死神]{しにがみ}の[使]{つか}わしめ、〝[髑髏]{されこうべ}の[猟犬]{カーマン}〟に[譬]{たと}えられている\n> is one proof that [野火]{のび}がどれほど[恐怖]{きょうふ}の[対象]{たいしょう}となっているか.\n\nIf there existed a common figurative phrase (in this case, \"The Hound of Dead\nSkulls\") that describes how frightening a phenomenon is, then that should\n\"prove\" how it is actually frightening, shouldn't it?\n\nThe sentence starting with 「確実に、」 only states the reason for the fact that\nfire is likened to the hound of dead skulls.\n\n> \"What does this sentence say about field fires and the fire that just\n> occurred in the story?\"\n\nAbout field fires in general, it says what I explained above - how terribly\nfrightening they are.\n\nAbout the fire that just occurred in the story, the final sentence says\n**nothing** , believe it or not.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-28T01:48:58.063",
"id": "32513",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-02-28T03:05:30.657",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32510",
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"score": 6
}
]
| 32510 | null | 32513 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32515",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is it まだ慣れてる？\n\n慣れてる means \"to be used to something\" but if I add まだ does this make clear that\nI mean \"am still getting used to\" a new job, a new country, etc, as a process\nongoing now. I know that Japanese doesn't have the same sense of present\nprogressive as English so maybe this is not something Japanese people would\nnormally say?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-28T02:08:30.057",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32514",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-28T02:22:32.707",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11098",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to say \"am getting used to\" something",
"view_count": 7170
} | [
{
"body": "The most common and natural-sounding way to say that would be:\n\n> 「～～に[慣]{な}れて **きて** いる」 using 「くる」 as a subsidiary verb.\n\nAlso common would be:\n\n> 「～～に慣れ[始]{はじ}めた **ところ** です」\n\nWe do not say 「まだ慣れてる」 to mean anything. It just makes no sense, sorry to say.\n\nWe, however, say 「まだ慣れていない」 in the negative form to mean \"to be **not** used\nto ~~ **yet** \".",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-28T02:22:32.707",
"id": "32515",
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"parent_id": "32514",
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"score": 2
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| 32514 | 32515 | 32515 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32519",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I was wondering if the following two sentences have the same meaning. I'm\nseeing both `をほしい` and `がほしい` on my `Anki deck` and I was just wondering if\nthey were interchangeable or if I just made a mistake when I was adding them\nin.\n\n> トムさんはともだち **を** ほしがっています。\n>\n> トムさんはともだち **が** ほしがっています。\n\nThank you everyone!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-28T02:49:25.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32516",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11942",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"particle-が",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "〜がほしがっています vs 〜をほしがっています",
"view_count": 1273
} | [
{
"body": "Grammaticaly speaking, を is the right choice here because of がる being attached\nto ほしい. If ほしい is alone, then が is the right choice. But you may find both,\nstill, がほしい is way more common than をほしい and をほしがっている is more frequent that\nがほしがっている.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-28T03:22:30.770",
"id": "32517",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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{
"body": "# Case 1:\n\nWhen the speaker itself is the subject:\n\n * （私は、）新しい車がほしい。I want a new car.\n * （私は、）あなたに一万円を（私に）貸してほしい。I want you to lend ten thousands yen (to me).\n\n# Case 2:\n\nWhen the speaker wants to say that someone (third person) wants something or\nwants to do something:\n\n * 彼は新しい車をほしがっている。He wants a new car.\n * 彼はあなたに一万円を（彼に）貸してほしがっている。He wants you to lend ten thousands yen (to him).\n\n# Case 3:\n\nWhen the speaker wants to ask someone (second person):\n\n * 新しい車がほしいですか。 Do you want a new car?\n\n * 一万円を貸してほしいですか。Do you want me to lend ten thousands yen?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-28T03:49:55.530",
"id": "32518",
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{
"body": "欲しい is an adjective, \"を + adjective\" is not common, \"が + adjective\" is common,\nso が欲しい is common.\n\n欲しがる is a verb and mainly used as a transitive verb, so を is usually placed\nbefore 欲しがる.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-28T06:32:52.727",
"id": "32519",
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"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "32516",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 32516 | 32519 | 32519 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32521",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In 尊敬語、we use 「ご存じですか。」to say \"Do you know?\".\n\nNow, how do we say for asking 「知りたいでしょうか。」or \"Do you want to know?\" in\nJapanese 尊敬語?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-28T07:06:38.277",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32520",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-02-28T09:50:41.877",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"honorifics",
"keigo"
],
"title": "How to say \"Do you want to know?\" in Japanese 尊敬語?",
"view_count": 2381
} | [
{
"body": "I think the most common way would be to say:\n\n> 「お[知]{し}りになりたいですか。」\n\nYou could not use 「[存]{ぞん}じる」 to say this.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-28T07:13:50.250",
"id": "32521",
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| 32520 | 32521 | 32521 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32526",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/32510/what-does-the-\nfollowing-sentence-say-about-field-fires) question, たとえる is written 譬える. At\nfirst, I thought it might be to emphasize something but according to my\nresearch, 譬 is composed of two parts: the top 壁 without the 土, and 言.\nTherefore its on-reading is ひ due to the top part and its kun-reading is たとえる.\nBut the dictionary I looked up did not say more than that, did not specify any\nnuances and tended to suggest that it is equivalent to 例える.\n\nI also found that this kanji is an ancient version of 比. (譬喩{ひゆ}).\n\nSo, I am wondering, is this just an old-fashioned way to write たとえる or\nare/were there any nuances in usage?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-28T07:21:12.807",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32522",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "4216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "Why would one write 譬｛たと｝える this way?",
"view_count": 285
} | [
{
"body": "譬 is one of the old and rare kanji for たとえる, and IMO you can safely ignore\nthis kanji. The only people who use this kanji today are certain kind of\nnovelists who are inclined to use nonstandard kanji for aesthetic purposes.\nAnd kanji like this will almost always come with furigana today. Without\nfurigana, even I am not sure if I can read 譬える without thinking for a second\nor two.\n\nAside from the nonstandard and old appearance, I can feel no difference\nbetween 例える and 譬える.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-28T08:49:20.533",
"id": "32526",
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| 32522 | 32526 | 32526 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 意図は、毎日語学の仕事していますから、たぶん全体的に語学力よくなる。\n\nI want to say something like \"my intended meaning was that since I will work\nwith languages, it may improve my general language ability.\"\n\nDoes this make sense? Are 意図 and 全体的に語学力 used correctly?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-28T07:32:02.307",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32523",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-28T18:16:27.030",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-28T18:15:28.617",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11098",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Word correction help",
"view_count": 236
} | [
{
"body": "I think that even though you might be understood it is quite likely that you\nwon't.\n\n意図 refere to what you're trying to achieve, what you have in mind to do.\nTherefore, it's related to an action. I don't think that you can use it to\ntalk about “your intented meaning”. I think that 言いたいこと is much more faithful\nto what you want to say.\n\n語学力 would describe your “power” in linguistics, if you want to talk about your\nability to pick up a language 言語力 might have worked better but it already\nrefers to the ability of being able to _effectively_ communicate your thoughts\nusing a language.\n\nLast point, たぶん is often used in conjunction with the “volitional” ending\n(volitional is clearly not the best name but I don't know any other\nalternatives) to soften the assumption, if used without the volitional ending\nyou state that your almost sure of what you describe.\n\nSummarizing all I said, I would have said the following:\n\n> 言いたいことは、語学に関する仕事をしているから、たぶん言語のすべてが理解しやすくなるのでしょうか。\n\nI rephrased 全体的に because, here 言語が全体的に理解しやすくなる feels like you're refering only\nto one language and not all of them. 言語が全体的に理解しやすくなる would mean “the overall\nunderstanding of this language would become easier.”\n\nVery last, 仕事をしている means that you're employed and that you're doing this job.\nIf you want to let the “will” interpretation possible (like suggested in your\ntranslation) remove the ている part.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-28T08:31:46.450",
"id": "32524",
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"body": "The short answer for your usage questions is:\n\n意図{いと｝は、: doesn't make sense.\n\n全｛ぜん｝体｛たい｝的｛てき｝に語｛ご｝学｛がく｝力{りょく}: makes sense.\n\nMy answer depends on the context of your sentence. Stand alone text vs. a\nlarger body of text.\n\n* * *\n\n1.私が言いたいのは、毎日語学の仕事をしているから、全体的に語学力があがるでしょう。\n\nSentence #1 would make more sense with 「意図は、」or 「私が言いたいのは、」if your sentence\nwas accompanied by a larger body of text. If you simply have 「意図は、」at the\nstart of a sentence with no accompanying text the reader will question what\n'intention' you are talking about.\n\n※ Also instead of using たぶん, which is more of a spoken word, I would suggest\nusing おそらく accompanied with でしょう to provide the same sense of doubt you're\nexpressing with たぶん while being more correct and polite. (As mentioned in\nother answers: volitional form)\n\n* * *\n\n2.毎日語学の仕事をする意図は、語学力が全体的によくなる可｛か｝能｛のう｝性｛せい｝があるからです。\n\nSentence #2 makes more sense as a stand alone sentence versus being included\nin a larger body of text. In this example 'intention' is moved to the rear of\nthe first part of the sentence letting the reader understand the context of\nyour 意図・'intention' more clearly. Kind of like what I mentioned above in\nregards to starting the sentence with 意図 except in reverse it makes sense.\n\n* * *\n\nNotes:\n\n意図 ー 本当の意味、本当の目的とする所、等\n\n意図's meaning is closely tied into that of 意味.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-28T09:02:23.553",
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| 32523 | null | 32527 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32530",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "There is a character (The hero) who uses a spell and this is the comment\nanother character does on that spell.\n\n> …自らを表す呪文に、自らを律する韻を持たせた英雄。\n\nMy translation\n\n> A hero who had a spell which represents him, a rhyme with which he\n> disciplines himself.\n\nFantraslation\n\n> A hero who used a poem about himself as his spell.\n\nHow come it's not 持った but 持たせた? \nWhat's the difference here?\n\n持たせる=To have someone hold something; To allow someone to keep something",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-28T11:45:56.003",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "持たせる meaning in this sentence",
"view_count": 163
} | [
{
"body": "> 「[自]{みずか}らを[表]{あらわ}す[呪文]{じゅもん} **に** 、自らを[律]{りっ}する[韻]{いん} **を**\n> [持]{も}たせた[英雄]{えいゆう}。」\n\nAs is often the case in Japanese phrases and sentences, the key words come in\n**_kana_** and they are very short.\n\n> 「A + **に** + B + **を** + [持]{も}たせる」\n\n=\n\n> \"to let A have B\"\n\n「持たせる」 is the **_causative_** form. You cannot use 「持った」 in this phrase with\nboth に and を.\n\n> \"A hero who **_let_** his self-expressing spell **_have_** rhymes to\n> discipline himself.\"\n\n「自らを律する韻」 is, by no means, a common phrase, so more context (lots of it,\nperhaps) would be needed for a better translation.\n\nThat fan-TL is a joke; you know much better than him/her.",
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| 32528 | 32530 | 32530 |
{
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"body": "I am not entirely sure in what context you pronounce 行く as ゆく. I've read that\nit is pronounced as ゆく in more formal situations and in songs. For example, in\nthe song lyric 闇へと進み行く it is pronounced as ゆく. Is this correct? Is it only\npronounced as ゆく in songs and formal situations? Surely there must be\nsomething deeper to it than that.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-28T13:36:58.997",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"readings",
"multiple-readings"
],
"title": "In what context do you pronounce 行く as ゆく?",
"view_count": 191
} | [
{
"body": "Yo User13701, you use ゆく instead of いく when you:\n\n * want to show off.\n * write a song.\n * write a poem.\n * say the train/bus/plan etc direction.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-28T14:26:55.970",
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"body": "いく and ゆく are the same meaning. Dictionaries say ゆく is a little literary and\nいく is a little colloquial.\n\nゆく seems to have been more used than いく in ancient days. And there are some\nwords in which only ゆく is used, like 消えゆく, [行方]{ゆくえ}.\n\nIn addition, when 行く is placed before verbal auxiliary た and a postpositional\nparticle て, it is usually read いった and いって.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-28T15:11:33.360",
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| 32531 | null | 32532 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32543",
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"body": "Recently, while playing through Persona 4, I've learned that apparently\nNatsume Soseki translated the English phrase of \"I love you\" into\n\n> 月が綺麗ですね。\n\nand I, wondering if there was a source for this, did some googling. Some seem\nto indicate the actual phrase is\n\n> 月がとっても青いなぁ\n\nor\n\n> 月がとっても青いから\n\nWhich one of these is it actually? And is there a source for this?\n\nP.S. Apparently, \"I love you\" is translated as `死んでもいいわ` by 二葉亭 四迷",
"comment_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"expressions",
"history"
],
"title": "Origin of Natsume Soseki's Translation of \"I love you\"",
"view_count": 4428
} | [
{
"body": "It is 月が綺麗ですね.\n\nApparently Souseki used it to teach the phrase \"I love you\", because as you\nmight know saying I love you is considered too bold for many Japanese even\nnowadays. Just imagine how hard was it to say that sentence back in the 1900s.\n\nAs for the origin of phrase, that is unfortunately not clear, as every written\nrecord of it is dated after the Second World War.\n\nBy the way it's Natsume, not Natsumi.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-28T16:47:07.883",
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{
"body": "The most popular version is:\n\n> 月が綺麗ですね。\n\nBut it's an unsupported anecdote, which is very close to urban legend.\n\n[A library reference\nrequest](http://crd.ndl.go.jp/reference/modules/d3ndlcrdentry/index.php?page=ref_view&id=1000160743)\nwas recorded regarding this topic, and the librarians' conclusion was, they\ncould find no direct source for the story, though many books cite it in\nvarious forms from hearsay.\n\nThat said, this episode itself I think makes one of good illustrations about\nhow translation--or adaptation--was practiced in early modern period where the\nEast and the West started to communicate.\n\n* * *\n\nBy the way, 死んでもいいわ for \"I love you\" is not strictly true, either.\n\nAccording to [this article](http://lab.flama.co.jp/archives/398/), the\nexpression 死んでもいいわ appears in the translation by 二葉亭四迷 of _Asya_ by Turgenev.\nThe original passage was, however:\n\n> 「 **死【し】んでも可【い】いわ…**\n> 」とアーシヤは云【い】つたが、聞【きゝ】取【と】れるか聞【きゝ】取【と】れぬ程【ほど】の小【こ】聲【ごゑ】であつた。 \n> ([『片戀』二葉亭四迷訳](http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/896766/56) (1896)) \n> — **Ваша...** — прошептала она едва слышно. \n> ([И. С. Тургенев, _Ася_](http://ilibrary.ru/text/1097/p.16/index.html)\n> (1857[1980])) \n> \" **Yours** \". . . she murmured, hardly above a breath. \n> ([\"Acia\", _A Lear of the Steppes and Other Stories_ , tr. by Constance\n> Black Garnett](http://www.ibiblio.org/eldritch/ist/lear.htm#acia) (1899))",
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| 32533 | 32543 | 32543 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32538",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have been shown a Japanese name in three forms:\n\n * 工藤 拓\n * くどう たく\n * Taku Kudo\n\nI cannot tell from this whether the rōmaji form, which I need to use in an\nacademic citation, has been written family name first or last. Please tell me\nwhich is the family name.\n\n(Advice on how to tell in general would also be welcome.)\n\n(I can't speak or read Japanese. I do know that traditionally Japanese names\nwere written family name first, but that modern speakers may use the Western\nfamily-name-last convention, especially in rōmaji.)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"names"
],
"title": "Which is the family name in 「工藤 拓 (くどう たく) 」?",
"view_count": 877
} | [
{
"body": "工藤 is the family name. Wikipedia has a list of some famous people with family\nname Kudo: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudo>\n\nAs a side note, the name order in Japanese has last name first and first name\nsecond.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-28T16:33:21.337",
"id": "32536",
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"body": "\"Last name\"・\"first name\" (on forms usually 性・名) are often translated as\n\"family name\"・\"given name\", because in Japanese the order is reversed, i.e.\nthe family name is given first.\n\nWithout being able to read any Japanese, you will not be able to tell which is\nthe first and which is the last name. (You don't know whether 工藤 corresponds\nto \"Taku\" or to \"Kudo\", right?)\n\n[jisho.org](http://jisho.org/) has a search function for Japanese names (first\nnames, family names, full names), so\n[searching](http://jisho.org/search/%E5%B7%A5%E8%97%A4%20%23names) for `工藤\n#names` gives as first entry\n\n> くどう 【工藤】 \n> Place, Family or surname \n> 1. Kudou\n\nI recommend copy/pasting the Japanese name in the search field as the\nromanization will not always be recognized correctly. (That is because there\nexist different romanizations for the same name. Here, 工藤 could also be\nromanized Kudou or Kudoh.)\n\nSometimes people write their name as Taku KUDO. If it is in this format, you\ncan assume that the capitalized name is the family name.\n\n* * *\n\n_Edit._ The best rule I can come up with is that in names each Chinese\ncharacter usually corresponds to at least one syllable (but it may be up to\nthree), so in names like 森 健太郎 Kentaro Mori, you can be pretty sure that 森 is\nthe family name (because it is written first) and it is read Mori (because\nMori is very unlikely to correspond to 健太郎).",
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| 32535 | 32538 | 32536 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32553",
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"body": "I didn't know that you can use a number+counter combination as a noun, but it\nseems from this sentence that you can.\n\n> 一番上に置いてあった **一枚** を手に取った \n> She picked up the sheet that had been placed at the top\n\nIs this always true and can it be extended to numbers other than one, e.g.\n\n> 一番上に置いてあった **二枚** を手に取った \n> She picked up the top two sheets\n\nWhat is the alternative? i.e. what would I do if there was no counter word\n(other than a generic counter) and I hadn't previously introduced the thing I\nwas talking about e.g.\n\n> Please pass me the top two plates from that shelf.\n\nI can't use a generic counter because there are also other things on the shelf\nand the person wouldn't know which thing I wanted.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-28T17:44:04.017",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"counters"
],
"title": "Use of number+ counter as a noun",
"view_count": 356
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, \" _ **Number + Counter**_ \" forms a noun, and therefore, it should be\ntreated as such in a sentence. Since it is a noun, one can say\n「～～は」、「～～が」、「～～の」、「～～を」, etc. It is just not the kind of \"normal\" noun that\none will find listed in the dictionary.\n\nThere is also no limit to either the quantity or the kind of object for the\nexpression to function as a noun as long as what the object is is clearly\nunderstood from the context.\n\nA man who has been married 5 times might say:\n\n> 「[最初]{さいしょ}の3[人]{にん}はメキシコ[人]{じん}だった。」\n\nA woman who has eaten a dozen chocolates might say:\n\n> 「8[個]{こ}はミルクチョコで、4個はダークチョコだった。」\n\nFinally, how to say the following naturally and correctly in the situation\nthat you described:\n\n> \"Please pass me the top two plates from that shelf.\"\n\nI would suggest:\n\n> 「[棚]{たな}にあるお[皿]{さら}の[中]{なか}から、[上]{うえ}の[二枚]{にまい}を[取]{と}ってください。」 or\n>\n> 「棚にあるお皿のうち、上の二枚を取ってください。」\n\nYou would need to introduce at the beginning what objects (among all the\nthings on the shelf) you are referring to _**before**_ using \"Number +\nCounter\" = 「二枚」.",
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| 32539 | 32553 | 32553 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32547",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A child is pestering her father about the things in a catalogue that she wants\nand the father replies:\n\n> 「そんなもん見るな見るなっ。 ほしくなっても空しいだけだぞ。」 \n> Such is life, don't look, don't look. Even if I don't want to it's nothing\n> more than futile (my translation attempt)\n\nAm I correct in thinking that this is the father talking to himself, and\nhoping that if he doesn't look at the catalogue the problem will go away, and\nthen realising that resistance is hopeless? Or, have I got this translation\ncompletely wrong?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation"
],
"title": "そんなもん見るな見るなっ。ほしくなっても空しいだけだぞ。",
"view_count": 162
} | [
{
"body": "「そんなもん」 is the way of saying 「そんなもの」 informally, which means \"that kind of\nthings\".\n\n> そんなもん見るな見るなっ。 : Don't...don't look at that kind of things!\n\n「欲しい」 is an i-adjective, its 連用形 is 「欲しく」. 「なって」 is 「なる (成る）」's テ形.\n\n「欲しくなる」means \"to become desired (by someone)\".\n\n> 欲しくなってもむなしいだけだぞ。 : Even if you want it, it's just futile.",
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| 32540 | 32547 | 32547 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32570",
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"body": "A letter from a story, where a character (又八) elopes with a woman (お甲), with\nboth writing a letter each to the man's betrothed (お通, who 又八 abandoned with\nsaid woman) (お甲's letter quoted full, for context):\n\n>\n> べつの文、ご覧なされ候わば、多言には及ぶまじと思われ候えど、証のため、私よりも認めまいらせ候。又八どの、此度、御縁の候て、当方の養子にもらいうけ候に就いては、おん前様のこと、懸念のようにみえ候まま、左候ては、ゆく末、双方の不為故、事理おあかし申し候て、おもらい申候。何とぞ、以後は又八どのの事、御わすれくだされたく先は斯ように迄、一筆しめし参らせ申そろ。かしこ。お甲。お通さま\n\nMy rough 'understanding' of part I'm struggling with):\n\n…懸念しているようだから、そうして、ゆく末（消息）、双方（あなたと又八）の不為ゆえ（の為にならないから）、（又八には）その理由を彼の手紙に明らかにしてもらって、？？（あなたにはその手紙をうけてもらった？）\n\nDoes 不為故 imply 消息を明かさないと損になる? I.e. not giving reason would be bad for both, or\nhave I misunderstood? Is 申す here used in polite sense to describe the actions\nof man/his betrothed?\n\n[Story link](http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/001562/files/52396_49781.html)",
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"owner_user_id": "12413",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"archaic-language",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Help with understanding a \"broken\" 手紙文",
"view_count": 178
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{
"body": "I may be wrong, but here's my understanding:\n\n * 左候ては、 ＝ このようでは／これでは _if this continues, if that is the case_ ([ては = conditional](http://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AF))\n * ゆく末、 ＝ 将来 _in the future_\n * 双方の不為故、 ＝ お互いのためになりませんので _there will be no benefit to either of us, therefore ..._\n * 事理おあかし申し候て、おもらい申候。 ＝ 事情を明らかにさせていただきます。 _let me take the liberty of clarifying our situation._\n\n~~**EDIT** : So I felt that 「事理おあかし申し候て、おもらい申候」 part was no more than a\nroundabout and redundant humble expression. A more 'literal' translation would\nbe... maybe 「事情を明らかにさせてもらわせられ申し上げます」 or something like that. Honestly, I have\nno idea if the original sentence is broken or not as a traditional 候文.~~\n\n**EDIT 2** : See broccoli forest's answer for the last part (interpretation of\nおもらい申候).",
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"body": "It's not broken, but a standard style for any kind of letters mainly used\nuntil Meiji era (候文).\n\n> おん前様のこと、懸念のようにみえ候まま、左候ては、ゆく末、双方の不為故、事理おあかし申し候て、おもらい申候。\n\nis in present-day Japanese:\n\n> あなた様のことを気にかけているようにみえますので、こうですと今後お互いのためになりませんから、事情をお明かしいたしまして、（又八を）おもらいいたします。\n\nThe long-trailing sentence isn't a bad style but is also a characteristic of\npre-Meiji writing style, where a sentence could continue as long as a\nparagraph.\n\n不為 is saying that it'll cause harm if the relationship between 又八 and お通\nremains unsettled.\n\nNotes:\n\n * 申す is a common 謙譲語 in this style that corresponds to today's いたす.\n * 候 is, likewise, a 丁寧語 that is today's （であり）ます.\n * 左【さ】's kanji is ateji, the word is not \"left\" but \"so\". 左候 means こうです \"it is so\".",
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| 32541 | 32570 | 32557 |
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"body": "\n\nSo I am planning on buying a japanese 3ds to import Fire emblem IF. I am\ncurrently going through screenshots of the game (that aren't filled with\nspoilers) and translating them as 'warmup' before I get the real thing. But I\nam just not sure of what Kanna is saying here. Something about his mother\nbeing his maid?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "I am really not sure of what カンナ is saying in this text",
"view_count": 152
} | [
{
"body": "Kanna is saying; “Look, I’ve been assisting (helping chores of) my mother.”\n“お手伝いしていた” is a verb in past tense and the same with” 手伝っていた” - I was helping\n(someone). It‘s different from “お手伝い、” a noun meaning a housemaid. I’m\nchuckling to find myself, an 83year old Japanese translating the script of\nManga.",
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{
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"body": "I would like to know the difference between these two sentences :\n\n> 先生に１０分遅れることを伝えてください。: Tell him (about the fact) that I'll be 10 minutes late\n>\n> 先生に１０分遅れると伝えてください。 : Tell him I'll be 10 minutes late...?\n\nI know the difference between the nominalizer 「こと」 and the quotation particle\n「と」, but I can't really put the finger on the 意味的な difference.\n\nThanks",
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"tags": [
"nominalization",
"quotes"
],
"title": "Difference between 「ことを伝えて」 and 「と伝えて」",
"view_count": 306
} | [
{
"body": "> 1) 「[先生]{せんせい}に、１０[分]{ぷん}[遅]{おく}れる + **こと** + **を** + [伝]{つた}えてください。」\n>\n> 2) 「先生に、『１０分遅れる』 + **と** + 伝えてください。」← Used \"imaginary\" 『 』 to illustrate the\n> use of quotative 「と」.\n\nIn meaning, the two sentences are practically identical. It would be nothing\nshort of nitpicking to say otherwise.\n\nIn \"feeling\", the first sentence sounds just a tiny bit more formal or stiff\nthan the second, but the difference is still quite minimal. The second\nsentence would sound a little more intuitive to the native ear, but again, the\ndifference is pretty subtle.",
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"body": "They could tell the same situation, but since こと is a nominalizer, using it\nmakes an effect similar to that of English gerund.\n\n> 先生に１０分遅れることを伝えてください。 _Please tell the teacher [my] 10 minutes delaying._\n>\n> 先生に１０分遅れると伝えてください。 _Please tell the teacher [I]'ll be 10 minutes late._\n\nWe usually say the latter instead of the former, don't we?",
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"body": "The Japanese name for the deity Guanyin, 観音, seems as far as I can tell to be\nalmost universally pronounced かんのん _Kannon_ , and not かんおん _Kan’on_.\n\nThe origin of the name, as\n[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanyin#Etymology) correctly gives\nit, is an Old or Middle Chinese translation of the Sanskrit name अवलोकितस्वर\n_Avalokitásvara_ (later supplanted by अवलोकितेश्वर _Avalokitéśvara_ ) ‘he who\nlooks down upon sound’.\n\nThe first of the two characters used in the Chinese translation, 觀 is\npronounced _guān_ /kʷan˥/ in modern Mandarin and is usually reconstructed as\n/kʷan/ or /kʷɑn/ in Middle Chinese. The Japanese pronunciation かん _kan_\n(earlier くゎん _kwan_ ) follows directly from this pronunciation.\n\nThe second character, 音 ( _yīn_ /(j)in˥/ in Mandarin), is reconstructed as\nsomething like /ʔiəm/ or /ʔjəm/ or /ʔi(ɪ)m/ in Middle Chinese. The Japanese\nGo’on pronunciation, おん _on_ , follows fairly directly from this\nreconstruction, representing dialects where the /ə ~ ɪ/ was rounded and\nremained; while the Kan’on pronunciation, いん _in_ , represents dialects where\nthe initial /i ~ j/ merged with the nucleus, yielding /(j)i/. Whatever the\nprecise form of the vowel, it definitely had a vocalic/glide initial.\n\nPutting these two together, thus, should yield 観{かん}音{おん} _kan’on_ , and it\ndoes seem to, rarely. Most commonly, though, it yields 観{かん}音{のん} _kannon_ ,\nas though 音 began with a nasal, which it obviously doesn’t.\n\nWhere does this extra nasal come from? Is it just simple\n[連声{れんじょう}](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E5%A3%B0) in action?\n\nAnd if so, then what about the historically almost entirely identical\n漢音{かんおん}? The first character there, 漢 (Mandarin _hàn_ /xan˦˩/) is\nreconstructed as Middle Chinese /xan ~ xαn/ or /han ~ hɑn/, with a non-\nlabialised spirant rather than a labialised plosive as the initial, but with\nthe same final (and the initials merged in Japanese anyway). So if 連声 hits 観音,\nit would be logical to expect it to also hit 漢音, or indeed 幹音{かんおん}, where the\nfirst character is reconstructed as /kan ~ kɑn/ and thus even closer to 観. Yet\nnone of those seem to have gathered an extra nasal.\n\n## How random was 連声 when it was productive? How come it affected 観音, but not\n漢音, if 連声 is indeed what lies behind the extra nasal in 観音?",
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"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"history",
"chinese",
"phonetics"
],
"title": "Origin of the pronunciations of 観音 and 漢音",
"view_count": 256
} | [
{
"body": "I can only answer part of your question: the shift from かんおん to かんのん in the\nreading of 観音 is listed by several sources as due to 連声. (Shogakukan's 国語大辞典,\nand [大辞林 and 大辞泉](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E8%A6%B3%E9%9F%B3-471193))\n\nThe [Japanese Wikipedia article on\n観音](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A6%B3%E9%9F%B3%E8%8F%A9%E8%96%A9#.E5.90.8D.E7.A7.B0.E3.81.AE.E7.94.B1.E6.9D.A5)\nstates:\n\n> 日本語の「カンノン」は「観音」の呉音読みであり、連声によって「オン」が「ノン」になったものである。\n\nThe [Japanese Wikipedia article on\n連声](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E5%A3%B0) interestingly suggests\nthat the 音読み of kanji could end in `/t/`, `/m/`, or `/n/`. Only `/n/` persists\nin the modern language as an ending. The article also states (emphasis mine):\n\n> 江戸時代以降になると、-t は独立の音節である「ツ」または「チ」にかわり、また -m および -n は撥音で発音されることが一般的になり、\n> **漢語の連声はほとんど見られなくなったが、一部の漢語には今も痕跡的に残っている。**\n\nThe article lists a few other examples of 連声 following a first syllable ending\nin ん.\n\nAs to why 連声 occurs in 観音 but not 漢音, I cannot find anything specifically\nexplaining why. To speculate, it might be a matter of deliberate\ndifferentiation. There's also the way that 音 in 漢音 as `on` is specifically\nabout _sound_ , and matches the `on` in other kanji-reading-related words like\n呉音. Meanwhile, the 音 in 観音 is only etymologically about sound -- in terms of\nthe modern term, `Kannon` is basically a name, and thus the _sound_ element of\n音 isn't as relevant.",
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| 32550 | 32561 | 32561 |
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"body": "相乗りの意味はなんですか？\n\n「商品相乗り」、「相乗りしたショップ」とはなんですか？",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-28T22:40:26.807",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "相乗りの意味はなんですか。「商品相乗り」「相乗りしたショップ」はなんですか？",
"view_count": 1966
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{
"body": "相乗りは別々に乗るべき人が一つの乗り物に一緒に乗ることで、同乗することです。Carpoolのような意味です。\n\nですけど、「賞品相乗り」や「相乗りしたショップ」という言葉は聞いたことはありません。コンテキストを教えてくれたら役に立つと思います。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-28T23:18:36.370",
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"body": "この「相乗り」は、ビジネスの世界において比較的よく使われる用語で、「他社と共同で商売をする」とか、「他社に便乗する」という意味になります。\n\n言うまでもなく、この単語のビジネスでの用法は、「車などの乗り物に、他人同士が同乗する」という、「相乗り」の元の意味から来ています。\n\n従って、「相乗りしたショップ」とは、複数の企業（通常は2社）が共同で経営しているショップのことをいいます。\n\n「商品相乗り」は、他社が販売している商品の売れ行きが良いのを見て、それに便乗し、同様の商品を同様の場所や方法で売るという意味になります。",
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"body": "相乗り literally means “take a joint ride.” There were a lot of “相乗りタクシー” waiting\nin front of railway or subway stations for commuters who return home in the\nsame direction a few decade ago. The driver squeezed five passengers who are\nquite strangers each other into a car, and the passengers shared the tariff\nevenly among them.\n\nFrom this 相乗り is used for an cooperative action such as a joint promotion of a\nlocal city and JR, a wine maker and a cheese maker, a pro-baseball team\nsponsoring newspaper e.g., The Yomiuri and a department store e.g.,Sogo for\nthe team’s winning Japan Series Games under the name of \"相乗りキャンペーン - a joint\ncampaign.\"\n\nWhen you buy a bunch of 宝くじ – public lottery – jointly with your friend(s) or\nby group, you are buying the lottery “相乗りで – jointly (with someone).”",
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"body": "A friend mentioned that he's sometimes not understood well in English. I\nthought his English was perfectly OK. I responded,\n\n> それはそうだかもしりませんが私があなたの言うことは通じます\n\nAm I using these particles correctly? Or should I have said\n\n> それはそうだかもしりませんが私はあなたの言うことが通じます\n\nIf the first is wrong, could someone explain what I'm not getting.",
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"score": 5,
"tags": [
"particle-は"
],
"title": "Am I correctly using は and が here.",
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{
"body": "Let's discuss the sentence by breaking it into 2 parts: \nそれはそうだかもしれませんが and 私(が/は)あなたの言うこと(は/が)通じます.\n\n# First Part\n\n> それはそうだかもしれませんが\n\n-> Nothing wrong about particles. Good! You should say\n\n> それはそうかもし **れ** ませんが (removing だ and replacing り with れ.)\n\nto sound more natural. You might find it strange that 知る turns into 知れ when\nconnected to ません (negative,) but it is actually not 知る. It's\n**\"[知れる](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E7%9F%A5%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B).\"**\n\n# Second Part\n\n> 私はあなたの言うことが通じます\n\n_almost_ sounds natural!\n\nMaybe you confused the first は with the one indicating subject.\n\nLet's talk about this using the word わかる.\n\nThis 「は」 is originally 「に」. So 私にあなたの言うことはわかります。 is the beginning form. Note\nthat the agent of the action is 私. \nThen this 「に」 got 「は」 right after, and an emphasis has been put, which made\n私にはあなたの言うことはわかります. \nThen 「に」 got omitted. 私はあなたの言うことはわかります. Here, 私, which it the agent of the\naction, finally looks like a subject. \nWe got a problem of using 2 or more は in one sentence. So we change the latter\nは into が because 私 is the agent, which finally makes 私はあなたの言うことがわかります.\n\nSo, 私はあなたの言うことがわかります is natural.\n\nBut unlike the word わかる, I think **it is weird to use 私は with the word 通じる**. \nWhen we say that \"Somebody understand(s) my language (or words),\" we do use\nthe word 通じる. But it's the word that 通じる. **Looks like the agent in this case\nis \"the words!\"** We use it in the same way as わかる, like so:\n\n> 言葉が 人に 通じる\n\nSo you should say:\n\n> あなたの言うこと(が/は) 私に 通じます.\n\nAnd if you add は after に, which makes 私には, you put an emphasis on \"私には\" (= _I_\ncan understand....)\n\nSo that being said, a little bit of reordering the words makes\n\n> 私 **には** あなたの言うこと **が** 通じます。\n\nBut I don't think you can omit 「に」 in this case because \"あなたの言うこと\" looks like\nthe agent.\n\nP.S. you can talk about one's English skills as _\"xxxの英語.\"_ So you can also\nsay,\n\n> あなたの英語 は 通じます.\n\nNote that there's a difference in nuance between using が and は. \nThis sentence ends in verb, so は puts an emphasis on the subject where が\ndoesn't. \nSee [this page](http://www.alc.co.jp/jpn/article/faq/03/19.html) for details.",
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"body": "You're using the verb 通じる incorrectly. This is an intransitive verb which is\nused in the form of `[language/word] + が/は + [person] + に + 通じる`, for example\n私の英語が彼に通じる (lit. \"My English goes through to him\"). If you want to use 通じる,\nyou can say either of:\n\n> * あなたの言うことは私に通じます。\n> * あなたの言うことは私には通じます。\n>\n\nThe latter sentence ( _contrastive_ は used with に) is more natural in this\nsituation.\n\nIf you want to keep 私 as the \"subject\", the correct verb choice is 分かる. But\nyou may find 分かる tricky at first glance -- the standard usage is `[person] + は\n+ [target] + が + 分かる`. If you're not sure at this point, read this first: [Why\nis it 日本語がわかります instead of\n日本語をわかります?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2505/5010)\n\nSo you can say the same thing like so:\n\n> 私はあなたの言うことが分かります。\n\n* * *\n\nOK what I've written so far is a dupe answer, but the following part is\nimportant.\n\n**私 is usually used with は** because 私 is almost always in [the universe of\ndiscourse](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/22/5010). But 私 is used with が\nwhen:\n\n * So-called exhaustive-listing が is intended\n * 私 is in a relative clause (i.e., when 私 is not the _main_ topic of the sentence)\n\n「私 **が** あなたの言うことが分かります。」 is also a grammatical sentence, but this sounds a\nbit funny in this situation. This sounds like \"I'm _the_ (only) one who can\nunderstand what you say\", as if other people were not able to understand him,\ndue to the \"exhaustive listing\" function of が.",
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| 32556 | 32559 | 32559 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I stumbled on this grammar formula in the 日本語総まとめＮ３ book: \"[文]のに対して\", but I'm\nnot sure what [文] stands for. Does it mean a sentence? If it is a sentence, it\nshould end in either N/A/Na/V in 普通形 form, so according to the formula, this\nshould be legit:\n\n> 田中先生は生徒だのに対して厳しい。\n\nbut is it really grammatically correct? The book also writes \"Nに対して\" and its\nexample is:\n\n> 田中先生は生徒に対して厳しい. \n>\n\nThis [文] part really confuses me, and the book doesn't explain what it stands\nfor, even though it appears a lot in the book. Please help me!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does [文] as in \"[文]のに対して\" stand for?",
"view_count": 737
} | [
{
"body": "～のに対して basically means _whereas_ which connects two \"sentences\". Here are some\nexamples:\n\n * 田中先生は優しいのに対して、木村先生は厳しい。\n * 田中先生は高齢であるのに対して、木村先生は若い。\n * 田中先生は英語ができるのに対して、木村先生はできない。\n\nSo the phrases before のに look like legitimate 文, don't they?\n\n「田中先生は生徒だのに対して厳しい」 makes little sense because it doesn't connect two\nsentences. (Actually this sentence may make sense because [だの happens to mean\n\"things like\n～\"](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/138101/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%A0%E3%81%AE/),\nbut let's forget about this for now)\n\nThis の in のに対して is actually a nominalizer, and [the general grammatical rule\nfor the\nnominalizers](http://people.uncw.edu/kanoy/practices/NominalizersKotoNo.htm)\nis applied. That means you cannot put everything that looks like a sentence.\nFor example, 「田中先生は高齢だのに対して、木村先生は若い。」 is ungrammatical.\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT** : As you can see in this N3 sample question, `[文]` does not always\nlook like a legit 文 (短気な is the dictionary form of a na-adjective, but you\nhave to say 父は短気だ in a real 文, of course). So you should understand this `[文]`\nas \"a nominalize-able phrase which sometimes (but not always) looks like a\nsentence.\"\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KMP80.png)",
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"body": "[sentence] のに対して has two meanings: One is \"whereas\" as naruto-san explained.\n\nThe other is \"for\". For example, 先生は生徒が喫煙するのに対して厳しい. This の means こと and it\nnominalizes a sentence 生徒が喫煙する. 先生は生徒が喫煙するのに対して厳しい means the same as\n先生は生徒の喫煙に対して厳しい.",
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"creation_date": "2016-02-29T05:49:06.513",
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"body": "Thanks @naruto san and @choco san! I think I understand what the book means by\nthe formula: \"Nに対して\"&\"[文]のに対して\" now. It means their should be a noun or a\nnominalized phrase preceding に対して, thus there are such cases:\n\n> verb(普通形) + の + に対して \n> i adj (普通形) + の +に対して \n> na adj (stem) + な + の + に対して \n> Noun (stem) + に対して \n>\n\nBy 普通形, I mean their dictionary form, negative form, and past form. By stem, I\nmean it isn't succeeded by anything. \nAm I correct?",
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| 32560 | null | 32562 |
{
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"body": "I am not sure about the causative form of する verbs. \nFor example, while reading I found this:\n\n> 小源を以て大源に **作用させる** 、魔術師の機械。\n\nI understand this sentence as:\n\n> The mechanism of magicians which let the big source have effect [act]\n> through the small one.\n\nSo my guess is that it could be rephrased like this.\n\n> 魔術師の機械が小源を以て大源に作用させる\n\nWould the meaning change?\n\nAnd I have troubles with ようにと.\n\n> 後の世の子孫が、仮に秘奥に“達した”時。その理論を成し得るだけの基礎能力を有する **ようにと** 、何代も重ねて積み上げる“生きた遺産”だ。\n\nMy TL:\n\n> In case the future generations whill \"reach\" those misteries. Making sure\n> that they will have the basic power to realize that ideal, it's the\n> inheritance accumulated by generations of magicians.\n\nするように=Make sure that \nbut \n有するように=Make sure to have [Is this correct?] \nAnd why is there と at the end? \nDoes it stand for と願って、と祈って or such?\n\nThank you\n\nEdit. I think that a better translation for\n\n> その理論を成し得るだけの基礎能力を有する **ようにと** 、何代も重ねて積み上げる“生きた遺産”だ。\n\nWould be:\n\n> Hoping that they have the basic power to realize [make come true] that\n> ideal, it's the inheritance accumulated by generations of magicians.\n\nSo ようにと=ようにと願って\n\nIs this right?",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "ようにと meaning and Causative of する verbs",
"view_count": 788
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{
"body": "For your first question, I'm not sure what's the \"meaning\" you refer to. Of\ncourse, they have different grammar, as \"the machine of magicians does\nsomething\" (a clause) and \"the machine of magicians that does something\" (a\nnoun phrase) obviously do, but they indeed depict the same situation.\n\nAnd for your second question:\n\n**有するようにと**\n\n * [有する](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/224327/meaning/m0u/) \nA verb that means \"have\", \"own\", \"possess\", \"embrace\" etc., but much more\nformal than ordinary \"have\". \nIt's what we call サ変複合動詞, which conjugates in the same way as する.\n\n * _V_ + ように \n\"In order to _V_ \"; maybe you memorized it as するように, but remember する is a\nplaceholder for a verb here.\n\n * と \nThe most basic definition is \"that\" in \"say that\" or \"think that\", but it's\nalso usable if the verb isn't about verbal expression, in this case it'll\nstand as \"thinking\", \"saying\", \"with the intention of\" etc. on its own. \nActually, this usage is pretty common in Japanese, and we have a bunch of\nquestions about this \"indirect\" と on this site, such as:\n\n * [Embedded question followed by と](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/25361/7810)\n * [Question about particle と](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/13231/7810)\n * [How does this relative clause work?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/26036/7810)\n\n* * *\n\nTranslations:\n\n> 小源を以て大源に作用させる、魔術師の機械。 \n> _A machine of magicians that uses the smaller source to act on the bigger\n> source._\n>\n> 後の世の子孫が、仮に秘奥に“達した”時。その理論を成し得るだけの基礎能力を有するようにと、何代も重ねて積み上げる“生きた遺産”だ。 \n> _It is a \"living legacy\" to accumulate from generation to generation, in\n> order that they_ [=posterity] _will have the basic ability to realize (what\n> is in) the theory... if their posterity in the future would ever have\n> \"attained\" the esotery._",
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| 32565 | 32566 | 32566 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32569",
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"body": "> 笑顔で、いや、寝付けなくてという僕の袖を、彼女が引いた。\n\nWho is smiling? Who can't sleep and what's the connection between smiling and\nproblem with sleeping? The only clear part for me is that 'She pulled my\nsleeve'.\n\nSource: light novel. The context doesn't really have connection with this\nsentence, but after it he looks back at her and sees that she seems troubled\nby something.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-29T12:36:16.447",
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"owner_user_id": "13714",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"subjects"
],
"title": "笑顔で、いや、寝付けなくてという僕の袖を、彼女が引いた。",
"view_count": 123
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{
"body": "> 笑顔で、いや、寝付けなくてという僕の袖を、彼女が引いた。\n\nI'm sure this sentence actually should have been\n\n> 笑顔で、 **「いや、寝付けなくて」** と **言う** 僕の袖を、彼女が引いた。\n\nSo it is the man that is having trouble sleeping. And for smiling, **it is\nhighly likely the woman that is smiling** , because considering the 「」 and a\ncomma after 笑顔で (、) in the sentence above, the clauses will be\n\n> 笑顔で、(「いや、寝付けなくて」 と言う僕の袖)を、彼女が引いた。\n\nBut the sentence looks like from some novel - there's some possibility that\nthe man is smiling.",
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| 32567 | 32569 | 32569 |
{
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"body": "I took up a personal translation project--lyrics to a song from a game I\nplayed--recently, and one of the words is giving me trouble. The line out of\nthe song is 我れ幾里の路を共に往かむ, and I can understand everything except for 幾里. I did\nhave to try to make out the lyrics from the video before it dawned on me to\ncheck for a transcript online, and here's the other confusing thing; this word\npops up in other transcripts and the video itself. (See:\n<http://010701070107.blog5.fc2.com/blog-entry-3543.html>) I seriously cannot\nfind a definition for this word with any dictionary I've been able to get my\nhands on, part of which I credit to this entire song being written in\nClassical Japanese, but still. I've tried both English and Japanese\ndictionaries on the subject, so finally I decided to turn here. Any ideas?",
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"tags": [
"words",
"classical-japanese"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 幾里?",
"view_count": 239
} | [
{
"body": "As broccoli forest notes in the comments, this might be a reference to a\ndistance: _\"any number of leagues\"_.\n\nAs an alternative hypothesis, any chance it's a placename? Apparently there's\nan _Ikusato_ in 鹿児島県{かごしまけん}龍郷{たつごう}町{ちょう}. More [here at\nWeblio](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%B9%BE%E9%87%8C) and [here on the\nJapanese\nWikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E9%83%B7%E7%94%BA#.E5.9C.B0.E5.90.8D).",
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"body": "幾里 means “how many lis.” “Li” is a unit of distance, and 1里 is equal to 4\nkilometers (2.5 miles) . 幾 means “how many, how much” as you ask an antique\nshop owner “これ幾らですか？－How much price is this?” It has nothing to do with the\nname of town and village.\n\nThus 我れ幾里の路を共に往かむ means “How many miles should I tread (go) with you ahead the\nroad?” Apparently this is an expression in literary style (文語調) to be found in\nthe writing of authors in Meiji-and-Taisho era, but surely sounds lyrical and\nsolemn.",
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| 32572 | 32578 | 32578 |
{
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"body": "Maruko has been told that she can't have the food she wants, and replies:\n\n> 「いいじゃん別にっ。 いつか食べられる日を夢見るくらい、まる子の **勝手** でしょ。」 \n> ????. To the extent of dreaming of a day, some day, when I can eat (it),\n> Maruko's ??? is.\n\nI can't find a dictionary definition for 勝手 that makes sense here. The best\nfit seems to be \"circumstances\" i.e.\n\n\"My (Maruko's) circumstances are such that I dream of a day when I can eat\nit.\",\n\nIf my translation is correct then it sounds very dramatic/formal in English.\nWhat nuance is this sentence structure adding over the more simple:\n\n> いつか食べられる日を夢見る\n\nI'd also be grateful if you could tell me what いいじゃん別に means.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-29T20:42:25.877",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Understanding 勝手",
"view_count": 1111
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{
"body": "I would translate “いいじゃん別に。いつか食べられる日を夢見るくらい、まる子の勝手でしょ” to “It’s none of your\nbusiness. Leave it to me (Maruko) how I dream of the day's coming when I can\neat it to the full.”\n\n勝手 means freedom of doing something. Here it means “It’s all up to me.\" We\noften tell an uncontrollable person “勝手にしろ – Do whatever you want! I don’t\ncare a bit.”",
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"body": "[This dictionary\nentry](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/42832/meaning/m0u/%E5%8B%9D%E6%89%8B/)\nfits perfectly:\n\n> ［名・形動］\n>\n> １\n> 他人のことはかまわないで、自分だけに都合がよいように振る舞うこと。また、そのさま。「そんな―は許さない」「―なことを言うな」「―に使っては困る」「―にしろ」\n\nEssentially, doing whatever one wants; not caring about what other people\nthink.\n\n* * *\n\nHere's my take on the translation:\n\n> いいじゃん別にっ。 いつか食べられる日を夢見るくらい、まる子の勝手でしょ。\n>\n> What do you care? I can dream about eating it however much I want.\n\nAlthough, my phrasing, especially \"what do you care\", can sound a bit\nconfrontational. You might want to phrase it more like: \"what's the big deal\"\nor \"it's fine though, isn't it?\" Similarly, adding \"can't I?\" to the end of\nthe second sentence might make it less definitive and softer.",
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| 32577 | 32581 | 32581 |
{
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"body": "I think the more I read up on complicated topics the more I encounter onyomi\nwords that have kunyomi synonyms. For example:\n\n新しいvs新規 _~~最新~~_\n\n終わりvs終了\n\n危ないvs危険\n\nIs the rule generally that onyomi words are more formal or mature? Should I\nprefer one over the other in casual speech? Or are there nuances on usage too?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-01T00:53:25.603",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"kanji",
"formality"
],
"title": "Difference between onyomi words and kunyomi words",
"view_count": 1094
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{
"body": "As you know, 音読み is the method of reading 漢字 in accordance with classical\nChinese pronunciation either in Han’s pronunciation (漢音) or Wu’s pronunciation\n(呉音). Whilst 訓読み is the method to read 漢字 by applying Japanese proper\nlanguage. So 新 is pronounced as “sin” in 音読み, and “arata” or “atarashi” in\n訓読み. 読 is pronounced as “doku” in 音読み, and “yomu” in 訓読み.\n\nIt depends on the case which of 音読み and 訓読み is considered to be formal /\nwritten or casual /spoken. There’s no universal rule to judge it. But\ngenerally speaking, 音読み appears to sound more formal and “stiffer” than 訓読み,\nand 訓読み sounds softer and more colloquial in shade than the former to me. For\nexample, between 出産する vs 産む, 教育する vs 教える, 排斥する vs 斥ける, 怒声 vs 怒鳴り声, and 斬新 vs\n新しい, the latter (all 訓読み) sounds much softer.",
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"body": "To answer your question:\n\nOnyomi is more formal and mature. There are nuances with a lot of the related\nwords. So I would recommend you to use _Keigo_ or polite です・ます形 with _Kunyomi_\nwords until you have a better grasp of the situations that they are acceptable\nand not acceptable to be used in.\n\nI like to compare the difference between the two types of words with a thin\nlined circle and a thick black line.\n\nI also think that @Yoichi said is true where there are no rules to judge the\nusage between the two.\n\n## _**Kunyomi**_\n\nIn spoken Japanese; in casual and day to day situations the Japanese Kunyomi\nwords are used and have a softer, rounder, feeling like that of a circle.\n\n_Kunyomi_ words, like mentioned above, have a softer feeling and are often\nused in place of _Onyomi_ in situations where a certain action or thing is not\nrecommended, frowned upon but not against the law, or where Japanese want to\nshow 遠{えん}慮｛りょ｝/consideration by being soft about their wording.\n\nAn example using question's provided words would be that of signs. A lot of\nplaces close to schools or on train platforms will have signs and or posters\nwith the words _あぶない！_ ・ _危ない！_ in either Hiragana or Kanji with\n送｛おく｝り仮｛が｝名｛な｝ _Okurigana_. This is to let people know its dangerous and to be\ncareful of kids crossing the street or to suggest standing back when trains\nare arriving at the station. You could think of it as a friendly reminder.\n\nContrarily, if you were driving on the street you might also see a round sign\nwith 危険物｛きけんぶつ｝or a car driving with 高圧｛こうあつ｝ガス危険 on it. Clearly stating\ndangerous object/thing or \"Beware, High-pressure gas\". Albeit, you will also\nfind the _Onyomi_ words written in Katakana or Hiragana and this is usually\nwritten so children who can't read the Kanji can still understand the signs\nmessage therefore the danger.\n\nAlso, you will probably never hear a mother yell 「危険だよ！」 at her son playing\nnear the street, she will most always say 「危ない」.\n\nOther examples include posters regarding manners for the public where using\n_Kunyomi_ is preferred because it is less intrusive and lighter which you can\noften find in subway stations.\n\n## _**Onyomi**_\n\nOn the other hand; business situations, formal occasions, Japanese literature,\nand non-spoken communication like above mentioned examples often use the\n_Onyomi_. This is because _Onyomi_ words are deep in meaning, a lot\nstiffer/stricter than _Kunyomi_ and have weight. Due to this fact they get\nstraight to the point like a big black line. (Circle and line)\n\n### Uses:\n\n-In Japanese literature reading is faster when you can describe something in fewer characters. Of course there are always exceptions to the rule but a lot of _Onyomi_ words in books are also classified as _書{か}き言{こと}葉{ば}_. Using _written words_ or _書き言葉_ sometimes throws people off with the sudden change to a super formal or polite word( _Onyomi_ word). You might get a few weird responses and or looks.\n\n> Ex: If you were talking to a friend and said: 今日の仕事は終わったよ。- Would be\n> considered normal, friendly and casual.\n>\n> 今日の仕事は終了しました。- Is casual but then you are putting a more formal Onyomi word\n> at the end. You might not get the same response.\n>\n> 本日の作業は終了しました。This would be a business or formal sentence with the same\n> meaning.\n\n-From my experience the seriousness of _Onyomi_ words can carry a lot of weight. In this sense using them in daily speech can be a little over bearing. However, _Onyomi_ words are in most cases more specific and deep in meaning and I think using them where they are needed is your best option. For example, if you are talking about something more specific, talking about research or something you you know a lot about.\n\n* * *\n\nNotes:\n\n-Sometimes you run across older folk that speak very traditionally and will use a lot of Onyomi words. This doesn't mean that you should.\n\n-This also applies with parents and a lot of the time it is just the way they were raised more so than a choice. Some of my friends parents will speak in _Keigo_ to everyone including their own children. Getting used to hearing this can sometimes take a while and can be sort of scary at times.",
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"body": "Another way of looking at this distinction is by analogy to the difference in\nEnglish between Germanic vs. Latinate roots. Japanese and English share some\nbasic historical outlines, with words derived from native roots stretching\nback to before the dawn of history, and borrowed words that derive from the\nprestige languages of the respective continental empires (China for Japanese,\nRome for English).\n\nFrom this perspective, Germanic English terms are a bit like _kun'yomi_ ,\nnative to the language family, while Latinate English terms are a bit like\n_on'yomi_ , borrowed from the continental elites. Consider the pairs _ground_\nvs. _foundation_ , _heavens_ vs. _firmament_ , _hunger_ vs. _appetite_ , _work\ntogether_ vs. _collaborate_ , etc. etc. Generally speaking, Latinate terms in\nEnglish often sound more formal, more specific, and more educated, while\nGermanic terms often sound more casual, broader, and earthier. So too is this\noften the case with _on'yomi_ and _kun'yomi_ in Japanese.",
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| 32582 | 32589 | 32589 |
{
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"body": "Here are the sentences including the word.\n\n> では おまえたちがここへくるまでのいきさつをいちおう記録するから正直にのべるんだ。\n>\n> まあ こんなところでよかろう まったくよくもくだらん まねばかり **しおって**\n\nI'm not sure if it is a colloquial form of 「しまう」.",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"words",
"verbs",
"て-form",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "What does the word 「しおって」 mean?",
"view_count": 1402
} | [
{
"body": "It's not related to しまう. おる in this context is an auxiliary verb which is\ndescribed in [this\ndefinition](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/34019/meaning/m0u/):\n\n> ３ 動詞の連用形に付いて用いる。 \n> ㋐（ **相手を軽蔑する気持ちを込めて** ）…やがる。「あんなやつに負け―・って」\n\nBasically it's a word to show one's disgust. I think there's no direct\nequivalent auxiliary verb in English, but you can use anything that can make a\nsentence dirty and rough; \"hell\", \"shit\", etc.\n\nThe Osaka-ben equivalent is よる (eg まねばかりしよって), which may be more commonly\nheard in the daily life of an ordinary person.",
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| 32584 | 32586 | 32586 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32632",
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"body": "# ～ほど～ない\n\nThis grammar always ends with ない. For example,\n\n> Aの本はBの本ほど多くない。\n>\n> _A's books are **not as many as** B's books._\n\n# ～のように～\n\nI always see this grammar in positive form. For example,\n\n> Aの本はBの本のように多い。\n>\n> _A's books are **as many as** B's books._\n>\n> AはBのように面白い。\n>\n> _A is **as interesting as** B._\n\n# Problems\n\nHowever, I got confused when ～のように～ ends with ない. For example,\n\n> Aの本はBの本のように多くない。\n\nWhich one is the correct interpretation?\n\n * X: A's books are **not as many as** B's books.\n * Y: A's books are **as not many (i.e., few) as** B's books.\n\nGenerally speaking, how should AはBのようにC **ない** be interpreted?\n\n * A is **not as C as** B.\n * A is **as not C as** B.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-01T03:42:26.963",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"negation",
"scope"
],
"title": "What is the correct interpretation of Aの本はBの本のように多くない?",
"view_count": 399
} | [
{
"body": "I think first \"Aの本はBの本のように多くない。\" is only translated as \"A's books are not as\nmany as B's books.\" but I noticed that it can be also translated as \"A's books\nare as not many(few) as B's books.\"\n\nIf you use comma, it may be easier to understand.\n\n\"A's books are not as many as B's books.\" is translated as \"Aの本はBの本のように多く、ない。\"\nand if you use \"は\" it become clearly the meaning like Aの本はBの本のように多くはない. This\nない is negative for Aの本は. In other words, A is not, how?, like b is\nmany(Bの本のように多く).\n\n\"A's books are as not many(few) as B's books.\" is translated as\n\"Aの本は、Bの本のように多くない。\" and it means \"Aの本はBの本のように少ない。\". This ない is negative for\n多く. In other words, A is, how?, like b is not many(Bの本のように多くない)\n\nThey are summarized as follows: Aの本はBの本のように多くない can be translated as \"A is not\nas C as B.\" and \"A is as not C as B.\" but I think \"A is not as C as B.\" is\nmore common.",
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"creation_date": "2016-03-01T14:02:38.063",
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"body": "## AはBのようにCない。\n\nI think you could interpret that like this. I thought of a few examples.\n\n> あたしの胸はあなたの胸のように大きくない。\n>\n> My chest isn't as big as yours.\n\nA isn't as C as B.\n\n> あたしの目はあなたの目のように離れていない。\n>\n> My eyes aren't as spread out as yours.\n\nA aren't as C as B.\n\n> りんごはオレンジのようにみずみずしくない。\n>\n> Apples are not as juicy as oranges.\n\nA are not as C as B.\n\n> あたしの髪はあなたの髪のように柔らかくない。\n>\n> My hair doesn't feel as soft as yours.\n\nA doesn't (feel) as C as B\n\nIn this case the Japanese sentence doesn't require the word feel but when\ntranslated to English the word _feel_ is needed to describe what is _soft_.\n\n> かめはうさぎのように速くない\n>\n> The tortoise is not as fast as the rabbit.\n\nA is not as C as B.\n\nI'm not entirely sure if I am correct but these are a few sentences I came up\nwith and how I would say them in English.",
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"body": "AはBのように多くない is ambiguous if it's \"A is not as many as B\" or \"A is as not many\nas B\". But the former usually takes particle は like AはBのように多く **は** ない.",
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"creation_date": "2016-03-02T02:31:53.993",
"id": "32610",
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{
"body": "> Generally speaking, how should AはBのようにCない be interpreted?\n\nIt might depend on the context, but generally speaking, I think it'd be\ninterpreted as \"A is not so C as B\" or \"Unlike B, A is not C\", since the\nphrase was used that way in almost all the results when I searched for [\"のように\n*\nくない\"](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%22%E3%81%A8%E5%90%8C%E6%A7%98+*+%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%22&oq=%22%E3%81%A8%E5%90%8C%E6%A7%98+*+%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%22&aqs=chrome..69i57.10511j0j7&sourceid=chrome&es_sm=93&ie=UTF-8#q=%22%E3%81%AE%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%AB+*+%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%22&start=20),\n\"のように * くありません\", etc. For example:\n\n> [「紙タバコ **のように** 煙 **くない**\n> 」](http://rocketnews24.com/tag/%E3%81%9F%E3%81%B0%E3%81%93/) \n> [「マラソン **のように** ツラ **くない** 」](http://www.hanakuro.jp/trend/go-out/20858/) \n> [「中国人のホテルのフロントは日本 **のように** 厳し **くありません** 」](http://china-\n> enhancement.com/toiletsituation/) \n> [「親鳥の肉は若鶏 **のように** やわらか **くありません** 。」](http://www.kinoshita-\n> osaka.com/oyadori.html) \n> [「タチツボスミレ _のように_ 細か **くありません**\n> 。」](http://www.tebamaru.jp/Ozehana/OZESUMIRE-B.html) \n> [「将来は今 **のように** 働け **ない**\n> 。」](http://www.nomu.com/withkids/money/column/yagi/012.html)\n\nThese sentences are interpreted as, and you would sound less ambiguous if you\nrephrased them (adding a は) as:\n\n> 「紙タバコのように煙く **は** ない」 \n> 「マラソンのようにツラく **は** ない」 \n> 「中国人のホテルのフロントは日本のように厳しく **は** ありません」 \n> 「親鳥の肉は若鶏のようにやわらかく **は** ありません。」 \n> 「タチツボスミレのように細かく **は** ありません。」 \n> 「将来は今のように **は** 働けない。」\n\nYou could also rephrase them this way without changing the meaning much:\n\n> 「紙タバコ **と(は)違い** 、煙くない」 \n> 「マラソン **と(は)違って** ツラくない」 \n> 「中国人のホテルのフロントは日本 **と(は)異なり** 、厳しくありません」 \n> 「親鳥の肉は若鶏 **みたいに** やわらかくありません。」 \n> 「タチツボスミレのように細かく **も** ありません。」 \n> 「将来は今のように働ける **わけでは** ない。」 \n> etc.\n\n* * *\n\nSome of the few exceptions I could find include:\n\n> [「アップル製品 **のように** 無駄の **ない**\n> 、洗練された作品。」](http://top.tsite.jp/entertainment/cinema/i/27702248/) \n> [「『ひらひら』 **のように** 濁ら **ない**\n> 語があるのはなぜ？」](http://www.alc.co.jp/jpn/article/faq/03/180.html) \n> [「僕 **のように** エロ **くない**\n> 紳士には向いてないかもしれませんしね」](http://nomore1set.blog79.fc2.com/blog-entry-99.html)\n\nFrom the context you can tell that the BのようにCない in these sentences is used to\nmean \"not C, (just) like B\". Interestingly, all these were in a relative\nclause (don't ask me why).\n\n* * *\n\nTo clearly state \"A is as not C as B\" or \"Like B, A is not C\", I think you\ncould probably say like 「(Aは/も)Bと同じくCない」「Bと同じでCない」「Bと同様Cない」 etc., as in:\n\n> [「このゲームは、お子様の創造力と同じく、ゴールがありません。」](http://makepo.jp/content/column/kids-apps-\n> marketing/2014-12-26.html) \n> [「彼も僕と同じく人気者じゃありません。」](http://www.allnightnippon.com/akihito/old/?line=58) \n> [「中華そば同様それほどからくありません。」](http://takaiba.net/eat_drink/sinpukusaikan_honten/)",
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| 32585 | 32632 | 32599 |
{
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"body": "I found the phrase\n\n> オブジェクト指向プログラミング\n\nfor \"object oriented programming\".\n\nDoes 詳細指向な分析者 sound natural for saying \"detail-oriented analyst\"?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-01T05:04:03.700",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32588",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-01T07:45:18.487",
"last_editor_user_id": "11192",
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What is the commonly used phrase (if any) to convey the meaning of \"detail-oriented analyst\"?",
"view_count": 118
} | [
{
"body": "I hear rarely 詳細指向な分析者.\n\nIf it means that an analyst who always analyze every single thing thoroughly,\nI think it is close to 細部まで徹底的に分析する分析者. And you can use the word like 追及する and\nこだわる instead of 分析する.",
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| 32588 | 32596 | 32596 |
{
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"body": "不人気街道一直線\n\nI found this expression on few Japanese sites (social mostly, so it seems like\nsome slang?), but what does it mean? I guess it means 'unpopular', but that's\nnot enough for me if I see so many other elements to this.",
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"creation_date": "2016-03-01T11:40:30.193",
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"owner_user_id": "13714",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"expressions",
"internet-slang"
],
"title": "Meaning of 不人気街道一直線",
"view_count": 122
} | [
{
"body": "`～街道【かいどう】` is used metaphorically in the same way as \"Road to (success,\nvictory, becoming an actor, etc)\". And `～街道【かいどう】一直線【いっちょくせん】` is a set phrase\nwhich means \"marching down the road to ～\".\n\n不人気街道一直線 itself is not a set phrase, but a kind of ironical usage of this\nphrase. It roughly means \"falling straight down to the abyss of unpopularity.\"",
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| 32594 | 32595 | 32595 |
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"body": "I am trying to identify what I'm assuming is a name or signature written in\nJapanese. The author of the note was a German/Japanese American, and he wrote\nthe note to identify the name of an artist in 1928.[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/nmepS.jpg)\nThe character is directly after the English word \"by\" written in script. Thank\nyou for any assistance, including letting me know this is not Japanese or\nundecipherable if either is the case.",
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"tags": [
"handwriting"
],
"title": "Help identifying signature",
"view_count": 191
} | [
{
"body": "This looks like it could be an extremely slanted version of _by 「キ」_ except\nthat the Japanese \"parentheses\" 「」 are on the other side, as is customary for\nvertical (top-to-bottom) writing:\n\n> ﹁ \n> キ \n> ﹂\n\nキ would be read as _ki_ and it probably isn't intended as a word, but could be\nan \"initial\" (although that's not customary in Japan), something like \"K\".",
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| 32598 | null | 32600 |
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"body": "The sentence in question is \"困らせちゃだめよ?\". I know that 困らせ is simply a causative\nform of 困る and that ちゃ is a feminine casual ては. I translated the sentence to\n\"So you're not troubled anymore, are you?\" I don't know why, but I've got the\nnagging feeling that the translation is incorrect.",
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"creation_date": "2016-03-01T15:55:35.017",
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"id": "32601",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "13701",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "So I am reading through a text and I am not sure if my translation of this sentence is correct",
"view_count": 168
} | [
{
"body": "“困らせちゃだめよ” is a colloquial turn of phrase for 困らせてはいけない、which means “You\nmustn’t trouble (somebody).” It’s an imperative form, and reverse to “You're\nnot troubled.” Apparently it sounds feminine. A man would say \"“困らせちゃだめ **だ**\nよ”\n\nAs I don’t know the context of the quoted phrase, I wonder why it’s trailed by\na question mark.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-01T20:28:16.067",
"id": "32603",
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"parent_id": "32601",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 32601 | null | 32603 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32605",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm familiar with ようとする to mean \"try to\" or \"about to\", but how about this:\n\n> 新聞から顔を上げようともしない。\n\nObviously that's a negation of ようとする with an added も. I'm guessing も adds a\nhint of \"even\" to the phrase. Does the phrase still retain the 'try' meaning?\n\n> He doesn't/didn't even try to look up from his newspaper.\n\nAdding 'try' seems a bit strange since looking up from a newspaper is not a\ndifficult or demanding activity.\n\nOr is it maybe a volitional thing e.g.\n\n> He wasn't even prepared to look up from his newspaper.\n\nOr can it be both, depending on context, or something else altogether?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-01T20:36:21.613",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32604",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-01T21:35:03.510",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-01T21:35:03.510",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-も",
"volitional-form"
],
"title": "Meaning of ようともしない",
"view_count": 2727
} | [
{
"body": "The auxiliary verb う/よう denotes the subject's _will_ in a broad sense, and you\ndon't have to use \"try\" in a case like this. I think \"He _won't/wouldn't_ even\nlook up from his newspaper\" is enough.\n\nYou can see other example sentences in these dictionaries:\n\n * [ALC](http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%A8%E3%82%82%E3%81%97%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84&ref=sa)\n * [Weblio](http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%22%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%A8%E3%82%82%E3%81%97%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%22)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-01T21:18:53.443",
"id": "32605",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 32604 | 32605 | 32605 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "\"ダニ\" said with a hard \"ダ\" and soft \"ニ\" is a bug.\n\nBut, isn't \"ダニ\" with a soft \"ダ\", hard \"ニ\", and trailing \"ナｱｱｱ\" a slang term?\nIt means something like \"he/she is a no good person who is inconsiderate of\nother's feelings\", right?\n\n> 長い間、待ち合わせていたが... \n> (私): \"雅子さんに何度もすっぱかされて、連絡こなくって、ダニナｱｱｱ....\"\n>\n> After waiting for a long time... \n> (me): \"So many times I am being stood-up by Masako, she doesn't even tell\n> me she is not coming. What a lowlife....\n\nAnyway, I just heard someone talking about the \"ダニ\" bug, and I've got this\nfeeling there is a slang term thats sounds like it.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-02T00:32:32.313",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32607",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-02T00:32:32.313",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12506",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"title": "Is there a slang meaning to \"ダニ~ナｱｱ...\"?",
"view_count": 218
} | []
| 32607 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "So this is my first time ever making a post on a forum, so sorry if I break\nany rules or this has been posted somewhere else, but as the title says, I'm\nlooking for some natural ways to say おトク・お得.\n\nI see this word all the time and I get that it means it's cheaper or more\nbeneficial, but in phrases like \"ネットならおトク！”, I can't think of a natural way\nnative speakers would say this in, say, an pizza ad or something.\n\nIf any of you know a good way to say this, I would really appreciate it!\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-02T01:39:53.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32609",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-03T06:12:43.800",
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"owner_user_id": "13731",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"copywriting"
],
"title": "Best translation of おトク",
"view_count": 400
} | [
{
"body": "得（トク）means getting or earning something. If something is a お得, the price is\ncheaper than it should be so that you can get/earn more value from it.\n\nYou can just consider it as a noun, which means \"bargain\" or \"on sale\" and\nusually used in promotions and advertisements, telling people it is cheap and\nworth buying.\n\nHow Japanese use this word? The common cases are commercial printings and\nadvertisements. In speaking Japanese, you can just say お得ですよ, using it as a\nnoun, or お得なプライス(low price that you get more from it), using it as an\nadjective.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-24T01:57:49.313",
"id": "38665",
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{
"body": "yeah as it already mentioned in previous answer, お得 means the price is cheaper\nthan usual one. So it could like, good deal, discounted plan thing like that.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-24T03:01:17.020",
"id": "38667",
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]
| 32609 | null | 38665 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32614",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "There's a saying in English \"Death before Dishonor\"\n\nWhich means : To die before dishonoring what ever holds great value/ You will\ndie before going against anything that you believe in or die before you sell\nout/ To die before you dishonor your gang or hood\n\nIts also a name of a band.\n\n> The questions is... what is the best kanji to represent this English saying\n> of \"Death before Dishonor\" ?\n\nThanks in advance :)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-02T09:27:29.980",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32611",
"last_activity_date": "2021-07-09T00:28:12.807",
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"owner_user_id": "13611",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Kanji that represent \"Death before Dishonor\" meaning",
"view_count": 17266
} | [
{
"body": "It's **玉砕{ぎょくさい}**. It's literal meaning is **to shatter like a pearl** , and\nthe real meaning is to die rather than to surrender (= _Death before Dishonor_\n). This was the word often used to indicate the Japanese army has annihilated\n(instead of being taken captive) at Pacific war.\n\nI also found more about [玉砕](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E7%A0%95)\non Wikipedia...\n\nThe origin of this word is from this Chinese writing:\n\n> 大丈夫寧可 **玉砕** 何能 **瓦全** \n> A great man should die with a good grace - rather than surviving like **an\n> intact tile** , you should die like **a shattered pearl**.\n\n* * *\n\nSidenote: So... what is the antonym? \nIt's 瓦全{がぜん}.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-02T11:25:30.417",
"id": "32614",
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"score": 9
}
]
| 32611 | 32614 | 32614 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32616",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「ふむ。どうやら宴もたけなわというところだな。こんなところで **門前払いを受けている** 場合ではないぞ、セイバー」\n\nI know the expression:\n\n> 門前払いを喰わせる=To slam the door in one's face\n\nBut I can't find anything on this.\n\nI think it means something like: \nTo accept an uninvited guest.\n\nMy TL:\n\n> It looks like the banquet it's at its peak. \n> This is not the time to accept an uninvited guest, Saber",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-02T09:58:44.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32612",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-02T14:40:05.773",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"expressions"
],
"title": "門前払いを受けている expression",
"view_count": 142
} | [
{
"body": "門前【もんぜん】払【ばら】い is a fixed noun phrase meaning \"turning down without serious\nconsideration, interview and/or review.\" There are some variations regarding\nthe verb choice:\n\n * **to reject** : 門前払いする・門前払いにする・門前払いを食らわせる\n * **to be rejected** : 門前払いされる・門前払いにされる・門前払いを食らう・門前払いを受ける\n\nThis 受ける simply means \"to get\" as in \"get punched,\" \"get ignored,\" etc.\n\nSo 「こんなところで門前払いを受けている場合ではないぞ」 means \"You're not supposed to be\nrejected/ignored/etc in a place like this.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-02T14:05:17.883",
"id": "32616",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-02T14:40:05.773",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32612",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
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| 32612 | 32616 | 32616 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32617",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> **作業と思わなければ動けなくなるほど** 切迫していたが、とにもかくにも精神的なダメージは負わなくなった。 だが、これだけは\n> **気持ちの持ちようなどでは耐えられない** 。\n>\n> She is pressured by the fact that the more she does not think about this as\n> a job, the more she becomes unable to move. \n> At any rate the emotional damage is disappeared. \n> But, she cannot sustain this situation by maintaining her feelings.(or with\n> her attitude, way of thinking)\n\nI have 2 questions.\n\n1.V1ばV1ほど=The more V\n\n2.V1ばV2ほど=What does this mean? \nI think \"the more V1 the more V2...\", but I am not sure. \nAnother way I think it could be is \"When V1, to the degree of V2....\".\n\nThe other problem is:\n\n> 気持ちの持ちよう\n\nI found online \n気の持ちよう=考え方次第 \nBut can't find a definition for 気持ちの持ちよう other than \n[Meaning of\n気持ちの持ち方まで問題にしている](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/5526/meaning-\nof-%E6%B0%97%E6%8C%81%E3%81%A1%E3%81%AE%E6%8C%81%E3%81%A1%E6%96%B9%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A7%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E3%81%AB%E3%81%97%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B)\n\nThanks",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-02T10:33:08.290",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32613",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-03T13:04:16.307",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.397",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"expressions"
],
"title": "ば ほど with 2 different verbs; 気持ちの持ちよう",
"view_count": 168
} | [
{
"body": "> 作業と思わなければ動けなくなるほど切迫していた\n\nYou can forget the \"the more ～ the more ～\" pattern for now. This is a plain\nold conditional ば you already know. 「作業と思わなければ動けなくなる」 literally means \"If she\ndoesn't think (of it) as a task, she won't be able to move.\" And \"～ほど切迫していた\"\ncan be translated as \"She was so pressured that ～\" or \"She was pressured to\nthe point where ～.\"\n\nSo she's faced with something very meaningless or disgusting, and she could\nnot accomplish it without thinking it as a mere task assigned to her.\n\n> これだけは気持ちの持ちようなどでは耐えられない。\n\n * 気持ちの持ちよう ≒ 気持ちの持ち方 ≒ a way of thinking, frame of mind\n * など implies 気持ちの持ちよう is unimportant.\n * で ≒ by means of\n\nThe sentence roughly means \"Changing the way of thinking doesn't help her bear\nthis time\" or \"This one is unbearable no matter what she thinks of it.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-02T14:38:01.823",
"id": "32617",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32613",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 32613 | 32617 | 32617 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32621",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to\n[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepburn_romanization#Double_consonants),\nッチ is rendered as _tch_ , not _cch_ (etchi not ecchi). Logically I would think\nthat ッジ would then be _dj_ but there's no example of it. What is the correct\nway? _dj_ or _jj_? Is there any comprehensive guide to Hepburn romanization\nthat helps with this?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-02T13:08:47.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32615",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-02T17:57:04.660",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "10168",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"rōmaji",
"gemination"
],
"title": "What is the correct way to romanize ッジ?",
"view_count": 1227
} | [
{
"body": "AFAIK `cch => tch` is the _only_ exception defined in the Hepburn romanization\nsystem and its variants (such as [パスポート式](http://www.hyogo-\npassport.jp/main/hebon.html)). All the other 促音 (`っ`) are expressed by\nrepeating the same consonant. Specifically, I'm not aware of any romanization\nstandard which uses `dj`. So if you want to strictly obey the rule, バッジ would\nbe rendered as _bajji_ even in the Hepburn system which is thought to be\ncloser to English pronunciation. In\n[訓令式](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunrei-shiki_romanization) this would be\n_bazzi_. IMEs accept both.\n\nTraditional Japanese words occasionally have っち (eg, 八丁堀【はっちょうぼり】, 坊っちゃん,\n湿地【しっち】), but probably there's no word that contains っじ/っぢ. Perhaps that's why\nthere isn't any standard. There are many katakana combinations which are used\nto write loanwords but are not strictly defined in the traditional\nromanization systems (eg, ツァ, ティ, ドゥ). They are not suitable for writing non-\nJapanese-origin words in the first place.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-02T17:48:30.747",
"id": "32621",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-02T17:57:04.660",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32615",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32615 | 32621 | 32621 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32625",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found the set phrase \"四里四方{しりしほう}\" used on several sites (e.g.\n[here](https://foursquare.com/v/%E5%9B%9B%E9%87%8C%E5%9B%9B%E6%96%B9/4c458668f0bdd13a8101cbcc)\nwith a pun) but I can't find it in [wwwjdic](http://nihongo.monash.edu/cgi-\nbin/wwwjdic). Is it somehow a superlative of 四方{しほう}, something like \"(from)\nall over (the world) ?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-02T17:29:49.923",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32620",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-03T09:59:36.473",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-02T20:15:29.290",
"last_editor_user_id": "4550",
"owner_user_id": "4550",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words",
"meaning"
],
"title": "meaning of 四里四方{しりしほう}",
"view_count": 198
} | [
{
"body": "As I answered in other user’s question ([What is the meaning of\n幾里?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/32572/5010) in 幾里の路を共に往かむ), 里 is a\nunit of distance, and 1里 is equal to 4 kilometers (2.5 miles).\n\n四方 means four directions of north, south, east and west. So 四里四方 literally\nmeans 16 square kilometer (10 square miles).\n\nActually 四里四方 means “a wide area.” Though old way of saying, when someone says\n四里四方に近寄るな to his prodigal son, it means “Don’t linger around my neighborhood.”\n“昔、この辺り四里四方は私の家の土地でした” means “the vast area around here used to be owned by my\nfamily longtime ago.”\n\nBy the same token, we have a phrase, 五里霧中（ごりむちゅう）, of which literal\ntranslation is “amidst of deep fog spreading five lis.” It means you are\n“groping around unclear terrain without any bright prospect” just like thrown\ninto a boundless thick fog.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-02T22:04:29.123",
"id": "32625",
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"score": 7
}
]
| 32620 | 32625 | 32625 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32627",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Sometimes in manga I encounter dakuten used in unexpected ways. For example,\nI've seen it used after あ. I wonder what effect it has on the pronunciation.\nDoes it basically mean that the voice is getting stronger\\louder? Is this used\noutside of manga too? Any other uncommon uses of dakuten I should be aware of?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-02T19:05:19.767",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32622",
"last_activity_date": "2020-07-21T22:06:40.013",
"last_edit_date": "2020-07-21T22:06:40.013",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "12271",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 13,
"tags": [
"manga",
"orthography",
"kana"
],
"title": "Dakuten used in non-standard ways (like with vowels)?",
"view_count": 16575
} | [
{
"body": "* あ゛ used to be commonly used in manga to express an exclamation -- \"aagh!\" or something like that. I feel it has become less common (if not rare) these days. え゛、い゛、お゛、の゛ and so on are sometimes used in a similar way. You may see them in casual blogs and tweets, but never in formal documents.\n * ヴ is commonly used to express the 'v' sound in loanwords (eg ヴァイオリン instead of バイオリン). It's usually in katakana, but in manga we sometimes see hiragana う゛ [for various reasons](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15108/5010).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-03T03:17:30.290",
"id": "32627",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32622",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 15
},
{
"body": "A dakuten in a manga means that the syllable sound is pronounced with emotion.\nIt could be more loud, wild, low, or simply stranger than usual.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-06-06T12:37:11.420",
"id": "59273",
"last_activity_date": "2018-06-06T12:37:11.420",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "30180",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 32622 | 32627 | 32627 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32626",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "When asking someone politely to, for example, look at something, you can say\nboth ご覧になっていただけますか following the standard 敬語, but you can also say ご覧いただけますか.\nIs there any particular difference between the two, such as that one may be\npoliter?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-02T21:23:43.190",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32624",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"keigo"
],
"title": "敬語 with and without ～になる",
"view_count": 424
} | [
{
"body": "**You guessed it.** The former, ご覧になっていただけますか ~~contains multiple 敬語~~ (\n_edit!_ has no omission), so it's a little bit politer than the latter.\n\nEDIT: Sorry, scratch this: \n~~Some say that such form is 二重{にじゅう}敬語 (using 2 or more 敬語 in the same unit\nof sentence) and wrong to use, but it is widespread in Japan already (so it's\nnot _too_ wrong) - also, 二重敬語 can be found everywhere in old Japanese. 二重敬語 in\nold Japanese has been used against the emperor, his relative, etc., who were\nin very high rank. So it can be said that ご覧になっていただけますか is politer than\nご覧いただけますか. ~~\n\n* * *\n\nEDIT: **I'M SORRY, I WAS WRONG!** Actually ご覧になっていただけますか has no 二重敬語 in it! \nThe original form of ご覧になっていただく is **見て/もらう**.\n\n * 見る in 尊敬語 form is ご覧になる.\n * もらう in 謙譲語 form is いただく.\n\nTogether, they make ご覧になっていただく. 二重敬語 refers to using 敬語 against the same verb\nlike ご覧になられる (confusing なる in ご覧になる as a word.) \nNevertheless, I was feeling something was wrong - and it is the fact that this\nsentence has 2 verbs (見る and もらう) that made me feel some oddity. \nSo the proper explanation will be that, both of them are A-OK, and **ご覧いただけますか\nis just a short form of ご覧になっていただけますか**. I think the level of politeness of\nご覧になっていただけますか is a little bit, _just a little bit_ higher because it's the\n_full_ form.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-03T00:42:58.810",
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},
{
"body": "見てもらえますか is divided into these words.\n\n> 見る …ご覧になる(honorific language) \n> もらう…いただく(honorific language)\n\nTherefore, the sentence as follows is made from them.\n\n> ご覧になっていただけますか\n\nFor example, in the case of 見てください, it is as follows.\n\n> 見てください \n> ↓ \n> ご覧になってください(honorific language)\n\nThough, that is often shorted like this.\n\n> ご覧ください(honorific language)\n\nI think there is almost no difference in those meanings. \nFurthermore, as in the case of お支払いになってください→お支払いください, there are cases where an\nabbreviated style is more natural.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-03T15:37:11.310",
"id": "32639",
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| 32624 | 32626 | 32626 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32629",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As far as the translation of the word 'suddenly' my dictionary has these two^.\nAre they any different or is one more common than the other? ありがとう",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-03T06:29:25.677",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "Which is used more / is more natural in speech? 突然 or どっと?",
"view_count": 136
} | [
{
"body": "突然 is more _common_ , because its meaning is broader than that of どっと. \n突然 is just \"suddenly.\" どっと does have meaning of suddenness, but **usage of どっと\nis limited to those 3 situation** , according to [Digital\nDaijirin](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/159419/meaning/m0u/).\n\n> 1. Lots of people letting out their voice at the same time.\n> 2. Lots of people / things coming at one time.\n> 3. Becoming (seriously) ill in a short time.\n>\n\nWe use どっと like this:\n\n> 1. 観客{かんきゃく}が **どっと** 笑{わら}いだす (The audience **bursts into laughter** )\n> 2. 人々が **どっと** 押{お}し寄{よ}せる (The crowd **surges forward** )\n> 3. **どっと** 病{やまい}が重{おも}くなる ( **Become seriously ill suddenly**.) (sentence\n> from the reference)\n>\n\nAll of which can be also said, using 突然 instead of どっと:\n\n> 1. 観客が **突然** 笑いだす\n> 2. 人々が **突然** 押し寄せる\n> 3. **突然** 病が重くなる\n>\n\nBut, this is **not true for the converse**. Saying:\n\n> **[x]** パソコンがどっと壊{こわ}れる\n\ninstead of パソコンが突然壊れる (the PC suddenly breaks down) is weird.\n\n* * *\n\n~~I think どっと came from manga - under those 3 situation, I see onomatopoeias\n\"どっ\" \"ドッ\" being used. どっ+と(`particle` indicating how an action is done.) ~~\n\nsnaliboat pointed out that どっと being used way back in 1220s. In 金刀比羅本保元,\nthere's a sentence that goes:\n\n> 西の河原に時をどっと作ること三ヶ度なり\n\nSo どっと existed from the past. I'm figuring out what this means, though.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-03T10:32:21.483",
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| 32628 | 32629 | 32629 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32634",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> 誰もが平等に死んで、自分では誰一人救えなかった。 人間なんてそんなものだと諦める **しか** 、目の前の恐怖を **抑えられなかった** 。\n\nMy TL: \nEveryone died equally, I could not save anyone. \nI could do nothing other than giving up thinking \"Human beings are like that.\" \nI could not suppress the fear in front of me.\n\nHow does しか work in this sentence? \nI think I understand the general meaning of the sentence but I am lost\ngrammatically.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-03T10:45:45.230",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-しか"
],
"title": "しか before a clause",
"view_count": 307
} | [
{
"body": "しか is a postpositional particle and it is always used with ない which means\n\"negative\". And it means \"just have to\" , \"have no choice but\", and \"have\nnothing but\" etc.\n\nFor example. 彼は英語しか話せない(He can only speak English.), この図書館には日本語の本しかない(This\nlibrary has nothing but books written in Japanese.)\n\nI think 人間なんてそんなものだと諦めるしか、目の前の恐怖を抑えられなかった means that I could do nothing other\nthan giving up by thinking \"Human beings are like that.\" in order to suppress\nthe fear in front of me.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-03T11:26:28.257",
"id": "32631",
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{
"body": "This is an interesting question, since when I read the sentence leading up to\n\"しか\", I expected a \"なかった\" or \"できなかった\" to follow. So I think the form\n\"[verb]しか\" here implies that a negation should follow.\n\nThe object of the verb \"抑えられなかった\", however, of course is \"目の前の恐怖\", and\n\"諦めるしか抑えられなかった\" does not really make sense. So I would have to bet that this\nis a stylistic way of saying:\n\n> 諦めるしか、目の前の恐怖を抑える方法がなかった\n\nI must admit, I was a bit confused about the meaning until [@choco's\nformulation in\ncomments](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/32630/%e3%81%97%e3%81%8b-before-\na-clause/32633?noredirect=1#comment65774_32633)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-03T11:57:00.230",
"id": "32633",
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{
"body": "I would say this sentence is a bit awkward. This sentence is a lot easier to\nunderstand if it's written like this:\n\n> 人間なんてそんなものだと諦める **ことで** しか、目の前の恐怖を抑えられなかった。 \n> _It was only **by** giving up, thinking \"That's how human beings are\", that\n> I could suppress the fear in front of me._\n\nCompare with these simpler sentences:\n\n * 練習することで強くなれる。 By practicing, I can become stronger.\n * 練習することでしか強くなれない。 Only by practicing can I become stronger.\n * 練習するしか強くなれない。 (the same as above, but looks a bit weird to me)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-03T12:19:01.983",
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| 32630 | 32634 | 32634 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32671",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Good day, I have tattooed the words \"nantoka naru sa\" in Kana on my right arm\nand a while ago I was reading some Japanese lessons where it explains that\nKatakana is used only when you're translating a word from a foreign language,\nEnglish for example. And now I really want to be clear about this so I find a\nway to fix it, or just re-do a new tattoo over the current one.\n\nThanks a lot.",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-03T13:31:44.143",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32635",
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"owner_user_id": "13746",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"loanwords",
"hiragana",
"kana-usage"
],
"title": "Is なんとか なる さ meant to be written in Hiragana and not Katakana?",
"view_count": 2353
} | [
{
"body": "It should be written in hiragana, like this: なんとかなるさ. You could also write\n何とかなるさ, if you wish, but ナントカ ナル サ is completely wrong.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-05T01:33:03.110",
"id": "32671",
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"score": -2
},
{
"body": "I disagree with the other answer. Writing ナントカ ナル サ is not familiar modern\northography, but it's not \"completely wrong\". In fact, there is a very famous\npoem written with native words in katakana, which all Japanese people know by\nheart:\n\n> 雨ニモマケズ\n>\n> 風ニモマケズ\n>\n> 雪ニモ夏ノ暑サニモマケヌ\n\nPutting spaces between the words is weird but not so bad as to make the tattoo\nan embarrassment. You often see spaces between words in children's books or\nvideo games. Maybe people will think your tattoo is a video game quote.\n\nThe \"sa\" at the end, which you also asked about, is a spoken particle and has\n[a specific meaning](https://www.facebook.com/notes/lets-learn-\njapanese/sentence-final-particles-yo-ne-no-sa-zo-ze-na-and-\nwa/116422641715796/).\n\nIf you spaced the words incorrectly, \"ナント カナル サ\", that does look a little\nembarrassing.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-05T07:55:07.890",
"id": "32674",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 32635 | 32671 | 32674 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32638",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 溢れ出す魔力は、もはや抑えが利かない。 \n> **一の回路に満ちた十の魔力** は、その逃げ場を求めて基盤を壊し―\n\nに満ちた=full of. \n感情に満ちた顔=A face full of emotions.\n\nIn the sentence at the beginning this construction does not make much sense:\n\n> Ten units of Magic full of 1 circuit look for an escape and break through\n> the foundation.\n\nBut I also found an example:\n\n> 香りが部屋に満ちる \n> The smell is filling up the room.\n\nSo the sentence in the beginning becomes:\n\n> Ten units of magic which fills a single circuit look for an escape and break\n> through the foundation.\n\nWhich is the correct one?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-03T14:41:24.573",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32636",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "に満ちた and particles に が",
"view_count": 226
} | [
{
"body": "It might help to look at the numbers as units of the same material. The\nmaterial in this case being \"魔力\".\n\nSo \"一の回路\" means \"a circuit of 1 unit (of magic)\", while \"十の魔力\" means \"10 units\n(of magic)\".\n\nThe meaning is:\n\n> When ten units are added to a circuit with a capacity of one...\n\nor\n\n> When a circuit with a capacity of one is filled with ten units...\n\n* * *\n\nAs for the difference in meaning depending on the ordering - I feel that it\nwould make sense to say both \"回路に満ちた魔力は\" and \"魔力に満ちた回路は\". They mean different\nthings, however.\n\n> 回路に満ちた魔力は\n>\n> The magic that filled the circuit\n>\n> 魔力に満ちた回路は\n>\n> The circuit that was filled by magic\n\nI guess technically, there might be a case where you would want to say \"the\nmagic that was full of circuits\" (as opposed to a magic not containing any\ncircuits), but generally, the container and containee are obvious. Any rare\nambiguity would have to be explained in context.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-03T15:08:04.827",
"id": "32637",
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{
"body": "OK, I think this is some novelistic writing, so you might want to give more\nabout the context, but here's what came up in my mind:\n\n> 一の回路に満ちた十の魔力\n\nActually, 〜に満ちた here is **not** \"full of.\" \nBoth に are `case particles`, but my understanding is that に in 一の回路に満ちた十の魔力\n**indicates the place the following thing exists** - it acts like \"in.\" But に\nin 感情に満ちた **indicates the subject of the state** (満ちた.) \nSo This is actually \" **10 magic filling 1 circuit.** \"\n\nBy the way, what would happen if you forcibly try to pack 10 balls into a box\nwhich can hold only 1 ball? The box would break. 1 and 10 are depicting such a\nsituation. **The circuit can handle 1 _unit_ of magic, but 10 units of magic\ntried to go through it.**\n\n> **魔力は、その逃げ場を求めて基盤を壊し**\n\nSo that magic of 10, couldn't be fit into the circuit with a cap of 1, broke\nthe _foundation_ seeking for the place to escape.\n\nSo the rough translation will be:\n\n> 10 units of magic packed into the circuit with the capacity of 1 broke the\n> foundation seeking for the place to escape.\n\n* * *\n\n_Below is my additional interpretation. **It might be wrong depending on the\ncontext of the sentence._**\n\nBut think about it - if it's not really the _magic_ that is breaking the\n_foundation_ (because the sentence seems to be from some novel,) what is it?\n_Huge amount of magic bursting out of **circuit** that can't hold them and\nbreaking the **foundation**?_ \nIf the context is right, I believe 魔力 is referring to **electricity!** And if\n基盤 is referring to the **circuit board,** that makes perfect sense - like\nthis.\n\n> Electricity 10 times bigger than expectation packed into the circuit broke\n> through the circuit board, seeking for the place to escape.\n\nI think the people involved somehow screwed something up while building the\ncircuit and when they turned it on, current 10 times bigger than their\nexpectation ran through the poor circuit, and sparked through the board,\nrendering it completely useless.",
"comment_count": 6,
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| 32636 | 32638 | 32638 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32676",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "When using Google Translate for the verb \"to close\", among the many\nsuggestions, there are five different verbs all with the same Kanji:\n\n * 閉じる _(tojiru)_\n * 閉ざす _(tozasu)_\n * 閉める _(shimeru)_\n * 閉まる _(shimaru)_\n * 閉てる _(tateru)_\n\nI can guess that the difference between 閉める and 閉まる is the transitivity: 閉める\nis transitive while 閉まる is intransitive.\n\n**But what are the differences of all five?**",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-03T18:21:04.093",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32640",
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"owner_user_id": "7494",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 23,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Five different verbs meaning \"to close\" with the same kanji (閉)",
"view_count": 11693
} | [
{
"body": "You can apply “close” to all five words of “閉じる、閉ざす、閉める、閉まる、閉てる (shimeteru or\nshimatteiru, I cannot read it ‘tateru’ )” you gave. The difference is the\ntransitivity as you rightly say. The first three words are transitive and the\nlatter two are intransitive verbs.\n\nBut there is a delicate difference of nuance and the usages of these five\nwords. For instances, we don’t say 本を閉ざす. We say 本を閉じる. We don’t say\n付き合いを閉じる、We say 付き合い(交流)を閉ざす. I cannot tell whether there are definite rules\nfor the usages of ‘閉じる’ related words.\n\nHere are some examples of the conjugations of the given five words all\nreferring to “close” something.\n\n閉じる: 目を閉じる、本を閉じる、帳簿を閉じる、窓を閉じる - close eyes (book, account book, window).\n\n閉ざす: 口を閉ざす、耳を閉ざす、心を閉ざす、門を閉ざす、付き合いを閉ざす – close (mouth, ears, heart, gate,\nsocial association).\n\n閉める: 戸（門）を閉める、店を閉める – close door (gate, shop).\n\n閉まる: 戸(店)が閉まる – The door (store) closes.\n\n閉てる: 雨戸を閉てる - close a shutter\n\n閉めている: 店を閉めている – The shop is being closed.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-03T22:10:36.167",
"id": "32646",
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{
"body": "I spent some time puzzling over this, or at least the last entry, the claim\nthat たてる can be written 閉てる. No such reading is given in Daijirin, for\nexample, at least one native speaker close to me was as baffled as I was. And\nthis matches the puzzlement in the answer from Oishi-san. Finally I read the\n_beginning_ of your question carefully: you are using **Google translate** as\na study tool??!? You cannot do this. Google translate is not even leading edge\nmachine translation, it has a huge (pronounced \"huuuuuge\") corpus of text from\nall over the place, from which by statistical analysis it produces any and all\n\"text mappings\", including translations, mistranslations, misprints, pure\ngarbage, and more. Of course, if you have an email from a customer in Greek,\nLithuanian, Thai, or some other language you cannot read at all, Google\ntranslate is great for guessing whether this means \"Order arrived. Thank you!\"\nor \"Problem! Order not arrived.\" -- but this is its limit.\n\nI suggest you please withdraw the question.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-04T08:46:27.417",
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"body": "[閉]{し}まる is intransitive, [閉]{し}める, [閉]{と}ざす, [閉]{た}てる are transitive, and\n[閉]{と}じる can be transitive and intransitive.\n\n * [閉]{し}まる -- intransitive. Something (physically) closes. \n「ドアが閉まる」 a door closes \n「門が閉まる」a gate closes \n「店が閉まる」 a shop closes / shuts down\n\n * [閉]{し}める -- transitive. To (physically) close something. \n「ドアを閉める」 close a door \n「門を閉める」 close a gate \n「店を閉める」 close a shop / shut down a business\n\n * [閉]{と}じる -- transitive / intransitive. \nintransitive: \"for something to close\" \"to come to an end\" \n「ドアが閉じる」 a door closes \n「つぼみが閉じる」 a flower bud closes \n「店が閉じる」 a shop/business closes permanently \n「会が閉じる」 a meeting ends \ntransitive: \"to close something\" \"to bring something to an end\" \n「目を閉じる」 close one's eyes \n「口を閉じる」 close one's mouth \n「傘を閉じる」 close an umbrella \n「店を閉じる」 shut down a business permanently \n「歴史を閉じる」 end its history \n「生涯を閉じる」 end one's lifetime -> to die\n\nAccording to [this\ndictionary](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%96%89%E3%81%98%E3%82%8B-583607), 閉じる\nis more used with 目, 口, 本, 傘, and 閉める with 引き出し, 門.\n\n * [閉]{と}ざす -- transitive. To block, close up, seclude, refuse, lock, bolt ([鎖]{とざ}す) \nOften used figuratively. \n「道を閉ざす」 block a road; close the door (to success, victory, future, career,\netc.) \n「門を閉ざす」 lock a gate; close the door (to the world, etc.); (for school) to\nrefuse students \n「国を閉ざす」 close the country \n「口を閉ざす」 keep silent / refuse to say anything (about...) \n「心を閉ざす」 close one's mind \n「耳を閉ざす」 shut one's ear (to...) / refuse to listen (to...)\n\n * [閉]{た}てる -- transitive. Exclusively used for [雨戸]{あまど}(sliding shutter), [障子]{しょうじ}(sliding paper door/screen) and [襖]{ふすま}(sliding door). Sounds old-fashioned; probably almost obsolete in modern Japanese. \n「雨戸を閉てる(or立てる)」 close shutters (「雨戸・障子・襖を[閉]{し}める」 is more commonly used.)",
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| 32640 | 32676 | 32676 |
{
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"body": "So, I'm relatively new to Japanese and I'm learning. And I notice that some\nwords are paired with かった or だった, even though they're both for referencing\npast. So, my question is: When is it appropriate to use かった and when do you\nuse だった? I'm sorry if this question is a completely rookie question. :v",
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"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations",
"adjectives",
"tense"
],
"title": "面白かった Vs. 有名だった",
"view_count": 525
} | [
{
"body": "The 連用形{れんようけい} (\"connecting form\") of an _-i_ adjective + verbal auxiliary た\nwhich indicates the past tense is かった like in 面{おも}白{しろ}かった.\n\nThe 連用形{れんようけい} of a _-na_ adjective + verbal auxiliary た which indicates past\ntense is だった like in 有名{ゆうめい}だった.\n\nAnd The 連用形{れんようけい} of verbal auxiliary だ which means \"is\" (i.e. it marks the\npredicate) + verbal auxiliary た which indicates the past tense is だった like in\n前{まえ}はその場所{ばしょ}は川{かわ}だった (\"In the past, that place was a river\").",
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"body": "**nouns**\n\nだった (was) is the past tense of だ (to be).\n\n卵｛たまご｝だ (it is an egg), 卵｛たまご｝だった (it was an egg).\n\nThere are two kinds of adjectives in Japanese the i-adjectives and the na-\nadjectives.\n\n**i-adjectives**\n\ni-adjectives all end in い. e.g. 面白{おもしろ｝い (to be fun), 楽｛たの｝しい (to be\ninteresting), 速｛はや｝い (to be fast).\n\nTo make these adjectives past tense we remove the final い and replace it with\nかった.\n\n面白｛おもしろ｝かった (was interesting), 楽｛たの｝しかった (was fun), 速｛はや｝かった (was fast).\n\n**na-adjectives**\n\nna-adjectives are those which require な after them when they modify a noun.\ne.g. 綺麗｛きれい｝ means \"clean\", but when it is used to modify a noun we have to\ninsert な.\n\n綺麗｛きれい｝な部屋｛へや｝ means \"a clean room\". When we want to use these adjectives on\ntheir own (i.e. not to modify a noun) then they behave like nouns and we use\nだった.\n\n部屋｛へや｝は綺麗｛きれい｝だった (the room was clean)\n\nNote that just because an adjective ends in い it is not necessarily an\ni-adjective. Most are, but there are some exceptions like きれい in this example.",
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"creation_date": "2016-03-03T19:26:53.877",
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| 32641 | null | 32642 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32678",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> お姉ちゃんが振り向き **ざまに** きっぱりと言い切った \n> Big sister turned around and ?? clearly asserted...\n\nFrom the answer [on this question about\nざまに](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/6997/what-is-masu-\nstem-%e3%81%96%e3%81%be), I understand ざまに to mean \"while\". But in what way\ndoes it differ from ながら? Is it only used in writing? Is it more formal? ...\netc? Why would I choose one form over the other?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-03T20:35:56.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:43.857",
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"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"suffixes",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "Difference between ざまに and ながら",
"view_count": 1358
} | [
{
"body": "～ながら is like \"while\", and ～ざまに is more like \"the (very) moment~\" \"just as~\".\nYou'll see it in (set?) phrases like 「すれ違いざまに」「追い抜きざまに」「追い越しざまに」「振り向きざまに」 most\nof the time, at least in modern Japanese. You wouldn't rephrase them as\nすれ違いながら, 追い越しながら, etc. (These would make sense, but the nuance may be a bit\ndifferent). You would say 「お茶を飲みながら」「テレビを見ながら」 but not 「お茶を飲みざまに」 「テレビを見ざまに」\netc. I think the verb before ざまに should probably be a momentary action.\n\n(By the way, 続けざまに is a set phrase meaning \"(do an action) in a row.\")",
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| 32645 | 32678 | 32678 |
{
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"body": "I've seen it a few times but I'm not sure what it means. Sometimes だが or the\nlike follows. Here's a relevent line I encountered recently:\n\n> ねぎらいの席…なるほど。確かにあなたは頑張っているから、是非ともねぎらってあげたいところだ\n\nThe context is that the speaker is responding to a subordinate who believes\nthey were summoned to be praised but in reality is about to be admonished. The\nline seems like it would mean the the same thing without the ところ. What\nfunction does the ところ perform?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-04T03:03:46.177",
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"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does ～したいところだ mean?",
"view_count": 1300
} | [
{
"body": "ところ has many meanings.\n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/158611/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%93%E3%82%8D/>\n\nI think ところ in this sentence means _situation_. For example, 今、考えているところだ (I am\nthinking now).",
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"creation_date": "2016-03-06T03:29:53.743",
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| 32647 | null | 32684 |
{
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"body": "Is there any difference between 続けて回っている and 回り続けている?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-04T04:43:18.510",
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"tags": [
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"title": "続けて回っている versus 回り続けている",
"view_count": 186
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{
"body": "Yes! The first one means to \"continue and then turn\". The second one means to\n\"continue turning\".",
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"creation_date": "2016-03-04T04:55:29.090",
"id": "32650",
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"body": "続けて回っている can mean that you have followed someone who started to spin and are\nspinning yourself, beside the same thing as 回り続けている.",
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"creation_date": "2016-03-04T09:52:43.563",
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| 32649 | null | 32650 |
{
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"body": "I know they both mean rice but is there a difference between the two? Perhaps\none is more specific or am I typing them wrong? Also, can ごはん be used to write\nrice or is one of the other versions more common? I am a beginner in learning\nJapanese and just unsure of the proper ways to write the words.",
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"creation_date": "2016-03-04T06:33:46.623",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"usage",
"spelling"
],
"title": "Is there a difference between ご飯 and 御飯?",
"view_count": 1879
} | [
{
"body": "御飯、ご飯、ごはん、ゴハン mean \"rice\" and \"meal\", and are read \"gohan\". The only\ndifference between 御飯 and ご飯 is whether ご is written in kanji or not.\n\nAnd 御飯 is not common.\n\nご飯 and ごはん are common.\n\nゴハン is rarely used.\n\nIn addition, kanji which are difficult to remember and easy to misread are\ncommonly written in hiragana.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-04T06:44:09.600",
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"body": "I will break down your question:\n\n * What is the difference between ご飯 and 御飯 ?\n\nThe difference is purely orthographic. You will see this `御` (pronounced お or\nご) used to make a word more \"polite\". The actual reason is more complex, but\nsuffice to say it does not carry a proper meaning. Examples include 御茶｛おちゃ｝,\n御利用｛ごりよう｝. In the case of ご飯, this alternative spelling is less frequent.\n\n * What does ご飯 mean ?\n\nYou are right in the sense that ご飯 refers to white rice, but its meaning is at\nthe same time broader and narrower. It can _only_ refer to white, cooked rice.\nIf you want to talk about the plant/grain, you will need to use 米｛こめ｝.\nExamples include 玄米｛げんまい｝, the brown rice and 米粉｛こめこ｝, rice flour. On the\nother hand, ご飯 has become a word that encompasses the meaning of _meal_ , such\nas 朝｛あさ｝ご飯, breakfast.\n\nAs a remark, you will encounter the same kanji in other dish names and cooking\nutensils, notably 炒飯｛チャーハン｝, fried rice of Chinese origin.",
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| 32651 | 32653 | 32653 |
{
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"body": "I want to say \"I had a fight with my girlfriend. Now we are angry with each\nother\". I know how to say \"to fight with someone\" but it seems to have violent\nconnotations. What is the verb to express oral arguments? Also is there a\njapanese equilvalent for \"being angry with each other\"?",
"comment_count": 13,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-04T08:32:12.407",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"words",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "How to say \"I had a fight with\" and \"to be angry with each other\"",
"view_count": 4491
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{
"body": "Oral arguments is translated as \"口論\" and \"口喧嘩\", so \"I had a fight with my\ngirlfriend.\" can be translated as \"彼女と口論(or 口喧嘩)した。\"\n\n\"We are angry with each other.\" is translated as \"私たちは、お互いに怒っている\" and\n\"私たちは、お互いに腹を立てている\".",
"comment_count": 4,
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| 32654 | 32679 | 32679 |
{
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"body": "I've seen many different words refering to back, spine like せ and せなか. So what\nis the right word and in which case?",
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"creation_date": "2016-03-04T08:42:44.887",
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"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Different word about Back and spine",
"view_count": 257
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{
"body": "In modern Japanese, せなか is the usual word for \"back\", but it comes from the\nold word せ which also means \"back\", or \"a raised portion\" and which occurs in\nother contexts:\n\n * [背が高い]{せがたかい} means \"tall\" (Here's a discussion about whether to read it せがたかい or せいがたかい: <http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1411676039>)\n * [背番号]{せばんごう} means the number on the back of a sports player\n\nSee also the entry for 背 at Wiktionary:\n<https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%83%8C>",
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| 32655 | 32657 | 32657 |
{
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"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IaVPb.jpg)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/LCLmv.jpg)\n\nThe closest thing that I can find is Donburi? but that seems more like types\nof food not bowls.\n\nADDING:\n\nThis is about 15 and a half cm/6in [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/SEK71.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"score": 4,
"tags": [
"food"
],
"title": "What would be the specific name of this type of bowl?",
"view_count": 935
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{
"body": "I think your guess of _donburi_ is correct. The first sense line under 丼{どんぶり}\nin Shogakukan's 国語大辞典:\n\n> 1. 厚手で深い陶製の食物を盛る鉢。どんぶりばち。 \n> \"A thick and deep ceramic bowl which food is served in. [...]\"\n>\n\nThe food sense is the last sense given for this term:\n\n> 4. 「どんぶりもの（丼物）」の略。 \n> \"An abbreviation of _donburimono_ \".\n>\n\n\n\n**UPDATE:**\n\nI think naruto is probably right: this may be a 茶碗{ちゃわん} instead. I hadn't\nconsidered the scale, and I don't think I've ever seen an earthenware _chawan_\nwith an earthenware lid before. But given the size, this would be small for a\n丼{どんぶり}.\n\n**UPDATE 2:**\n\nAt 15cm, this could be a smaller 丼{どんぶり}. And regarding the term 丼{どんぶり}\nitself, this can refer to both the bowl and the foods traditionally served in\nthis kind of bowl. The food is more specifically referred to as 丼{どんぶり}物{もの}.",
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"body": "I think this is a _chawan_ (茶碗【ちゃわん】) rather than a _donburi_ , because it's\nsmall. A typical _chawan_ in my home is about 12 cm in diameter, and a\n_donburi_ is about 18 cm or larger. _Chawan_ literally means \"tea bowl\", but\nit's usually used for serving cooked rice ([See\nthis](http://darumamuseum.blogspot.jp/2008/09/chawan-rice-bowl.html)).\n\nA typical and cheap _chawan_ doesn't have a lid, but some do. If you want to\nbe specific, you can also say [蓋【ふた】付【つ】き茶碗 ( _futa-tsuki chawan_ , \"chawan\nwith a lid\")](http://item.rakuten.co.jp/shoindo/c/0000000121/).\n\nAlternatively you can use a more generic term, お椀 ( _owan_ , \"bowl\").\n\n**EDIT** : A bowl of 15 cm can be called a 丼, and the name would partly depend\non how this is intended to be used.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-05T00:59:18.880",
"id": "32669",
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| 32659 | 32669 | 32669 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32673",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> まあっ、なんて欲ばりな女だろうね。あんたみたいな犬がねぇ、くわえてた肉を池におっことしたって話が、童話 **にまでなってる** よ。 \n> Come now. What a greedy girl. The story of a dog like you which dropped a\n> piece of meat it was holding in its mouth into the pond **is becoming a\n> fairytale**.\n\nI'm sure I've got the end of this translation wrong. I don't understand\nにまでなってる in this sentence.\n\nAlso, the whole sentence is bizarre. I guess this is a reference to a Japanese\nfolk-tale. I know it's off-topic but a quick summary of what this sentence is\nreferring to would be helpful.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-04T22:59:45.787",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"culture",
"particle-まで"
],
"title": "Meaning of にまでなる",
"view_count": 1497
} | [
{
"body": "にまで in this sentence is used in an emphasis of the dimension. 童話にまでなってる is\ntranslated as \"The story even become a fairytale.\" and \"The story do become a\nfairytale.\"\n\nFor example, 彼は大臣にまでなった.(He even became a minister. He did become a minister.)\n\nAnd I guess this story isn't a reference to a Japanese folk-tale but Aesop's\nFables like \"The dog and its reflection.\n<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dog_and_Its_Reflection>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-05T06:27:57.750",
"id": "32673",
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{
"body": "> くわえてた肉を池におっことしたって話\n\nThat refers to \"the dog and its reflection\", one of Aesop's Fables.\n<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dog_and_Its_Reflection>\n\n> 童話にまでなってるよ\n\nIt is 童話になってるよ (it has become a fairy tale.) + まで (it means \"even\" in this\ncase.)\n\nI think your confusion is due to the meaning of \"なる.\" Why, this is not\n\"童話になった\" but \"童話になっている?\" (It is also fine to use \"なった\" here, but in that case,\nI feel you need to have some emphasis on the exact timing \"it became a\nstory.\")\n\n\"なる\" is basically translated as \"become.\" But, this word is often a little bit\ndifferent from \"become\" in my opinion. It also means \"achieve\", \"actualize\",\n\"be evaluated to be\", etc.\n\nIn this case, \"become\" is fine, but maybe the next sentence would give you\nsome ideas.\n\n> That story (has achieved / is evaluated) to be a fairy tale.\n\nSo,\n\n> The story is known even as a fairy tale.\n\nwould be an idiomatic translation.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"score": 1
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]
| 32662 | 32673 | 32673 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I recently started rewatching Naruto and there's [one opening song by Little\nby Little](http://www.kasi-time.com/item-10935.html) with the lyrics:\n\n> 悲しみをやさしさに \n> 自分らしさを力に\n\nIt is supposed to mean something like \"turning sadness into kindness, your\nuniqueness (?) into strength\". But I just wonder if that still makes sense\nwhen separated from the rest of the song. I mean, there's no verb (like _turn_\n). Would it be okay to say it as a quotation without the context that the rest\nof the song carries?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-05T00:41:51.867",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13762",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"ellipsis"
],
"title": "Is the verb necessary for this sentence to make sense?",
"view_count": 177
} | [
{
"body": "Japanese is a contextual language. Many elements of a sentence are omitted if\nthey should be clear or are irrelevant. Verbs, although technically the only\nthing required grammatically, sometimes are omitted as well if it's obvious\nwhat it should be. This is especially true if they are short and have broad\nmeanings.\n\nThese phrases make sense without explicitly stating the verb or knowing the\nrest of the song because it's clear what it is: する. It's clear because that's\nreally the only thing it _can_ be. In the context of not only the song, but of\nwhat we're given from the sentences themselves, it's the only verb I can think\nof that makes sense and works grammatically.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-05T01:19:09.850",
"id": "32670",
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| 32667 | null | 32670 |
{
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"body": "I have looked up 誰 in the dictionary, and found that both\n\n * 誰も\n * 誰でも\n\ncan mean everyone and everybody.\n\nIf there is a difference between them, what is the correct way to use each of\nthem?\n\nIt is not limited to 誰, I also want to consider other question words such as,\n何、どこ、いつ、どちら、どれ、etc.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-05T04:07:42.307",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-05T04:23:26.983",
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"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"polarity-items"
],
"title": "How to use ～でも and ～も?",
"view_count": 1409
} | [
{
"body": "It's difficult to explain but I'm going to write up examples.\n\n * みんな金ない、俺も、お前も、誰もない: Everyone lacks money, me either, you either, anyone either. \n * あなたにやるものは、たとえあなたが誰でも、ない: I have nothing to give you, whoever you are.\n * 私は私以外の誰でもない: I am none other than me.\n * 中に誰もいない: there is nobody inside\n * そんなにありがたい人は、たとえあなたが誰でも、いない: you can't have such a precious person, whoever you are.\n * 誰も良い (awkward, \"everyone is good\" translates to みんな良い)\n * 誰でも良い: I'd appreciate whoever. \n * 誰も思う (誰もが、誰しも、誰しもが are more common for \"everyone thinks\")\n * その立場なら、誰でもそう思う: Everyone would think so, if he was in that position.\n * 誰も思うな: don't think of anyone / everyone, don't think!\n * 誰も優しくするな: everyone, don't be kind to him/her.\n * 誰にも優しくするな don't be kind to anyone.\n * 誰でも優しくするな: don't be kind to everyone.\n * 来たのが誰でも戸を開けるな: don't open the door, whoever the visitor is.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-06T09:45:27.543",
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{
"body": "でも is translated as \"even\" and も is translated as \"also\" commonly.\n\nFor example, 彼でも英語が話せる(Even he can speak English.) and 彼も英語が話せる(He can also\nspeak English.)\n\nIn the case of 誰. 誰も means \"all\" like 彼の生徒は、誰も英語が話せる(All his students can\nspeak English) and 彼の生徒は誰も英語が話せない(All his students are incapable of speaking\nEnglish -> None of his students can speak English.)\n\n誰でも means \"anybody\" and \"whoever\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-06T11:52:23.357",
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| 32672 | null | 32694 |
{
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"answer_count": 2,
"body": "皆さん、お聞きしたいことがあります。 \n**残業代** と **残業費** のどちらが正しい言い方ですか。そのほかの言い方はありますか。 \n教えていただけますか。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-05T08:41:45.773",
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"id": "32675",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13726",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "「残業代」と「残業費」の違いを教えてください。",
"view_count": 493
} | [
{
"body": "As a native Japanese language speaker, although they are often mixed-up, I\nunderstand 残業代 is the amount of the compensation I as an employee request and\nreceive from the company (employer) for my overtime work, and 残業費 is the\namount of cost (payment) for the company (employer) to pay for my overtime\nwork.\n\n残業費 may be rephrased as 残業経費 or 残業代支払, but I cannot think up other alternative\nexpressions for both words top of mind.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-05T10:10:51.853",
"id": "32677",
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"body": "# 日本語\n\n前にも似たような質問（[What are the differences between 金、料、代、and\n費？](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/21210/7810) ）に答えたような気がします。\n\n一般に、「費」は費用（払うお金）にしか使いませんが、「代」はもらうお金にも払うお金にも使えます。なので、自分がもらうお金を「残業費」とは言えず、「残業代」しか使えません（もし、自分が社員に支払う残業費を相手から受け取る、という場面なら使えると思いますが）。したがって「残業代」の方が「残業費」よりはるかによく使われます。\n\n他に正式な言い方として「残業【ざんぎょう】手当【てあて】」ということがあります。\n\n# English\n\nI remember I answered a related question before: [What are the differences\nbetween 金、料、代、and 費？](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/21210/7810)\n\nGenerally, 費 only means \"expense\" (what you pay) while 代 can mean both income\nand outgoings. Thus, if you mention overtime pay _you_ received, you can't use\n残業 **費** ; only 残業 **代** is usable (but in a situation, say, that your client\npays you what you pay your employee for their overwork, then 残業費を受け取る will\nsound fine). For this reason 残業代 is a lot more heard than 残業費.\n\nThere is a formal name of \"overtime pay\", that is 残業【ざんぎょう】手当【てあて】.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-06T14:52:53.607",
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| 32675 | null | 32677 |
{
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"answer_count": 2,
"body": "For example on [this wikipedia\npage](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%99%E6%95%B0#.E7.95.99.E6.95.B0.E5.AE.9A.E7.90.86):\n\n> 一方、右辺第二項は R → ∞ のとき 0 に収束するので、...\n\nIn English it would be something like \"as R goes to infinity\". How would you\nusually read this in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-05T15:26:16.570",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32680",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-05T17:39:04.123",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "12164",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"readings",
"mathematics",
"symbols"
],
"title": "How to pronounce \"R → ∞ \" in a mathematical context",
"view_count": 482
} | [
{
"body": "> R → ∞\n\nis usually read\n\n> R を限りなく大きくする［と・とき］ \n> R が限りなく大きくなる［と・とき］\n\nI don't think that 「R → ∞ **のとき** 」 is supposed to have a fixed natural\npronunciation. You can ignore the の and read it as above, or you could\nprobably read it as\n\n> [R]{アール} [→]{トゥ} [∞]{インフィニティ} のとき \n> [R]{アール} [→]{ツー} [∞]{インフィニティ} のとき",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-05T16:25:24.757",
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{
"body": "In Japanese,\n\n * R is pronounced _aaru_ (アール)\n * → is pronounced _yajirusi_ (矢印【やじるし】)\n * ∞ is pronounced _mugendai_ (無限大【むげんだい】)\n\nI think \"n→∞\" is often pronounced as follows in the differential and integral.\n\n * エヌ矢印無限大 _enu yajirusi mugendai_\n * エヌ無限大 _enu mugendai_\n\nwhere _enu_ (エヌ) means the letter N.\n\nTherefore I guess that \"R→∞\" is pronounced in the same way.\n\nAlthough, because it is terminology, I guess it does not have a clear\ncolloquial pronunciation.\n\nIt seems that there are some people who call it _aaru twu infinithi_ (R to\ninfinity) in Japanese English.",
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| 32680 | 32681 | 32681 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "「⚪︎⚪︎を感じさせてくれるところ」 はどういう意味ですか?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-06T01:09:44.507",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "「感じさせてくれるところ」の意味と使い方",
"view_count": 1511
} | [
{
"body": "⚪︎⚪︎を感じさせてくれる is translated as \"to make someone feel ⚪︎⚪︎.\" For example,\nYappity yaps of cicadas make me feel summer (セミの鳴き声は、私に夏を感じさせてくれる).\n\nところ has many meanings. If you use ところ as a place, ⚪︎⚪︎を感じさせてくれる所 is translated\nas \"a place which makes someone feel ⚪︎⚪︎.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-06T03:45:24.497",
"id": "32685",
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{
"body": "[文脈]{ぶんみゃく}によると[思]{おも}いますが、[例]{たと}えば、\n\n> ○○[市]{し}は、[人]{ひと}の[温]{あたた}かさを感じさせてくれるところです。 \n> ○○ city is a place which makes you feel the warmth/kindness of people.\n\nのように、「（[場所]{ばしょ}）は、○○を感じさせてくれるところです」と言うときは、「ところ」は「場所(place)」という[意味]{いみ}です。\n\n「感じさせてくれる」は、「感じる」の[使役形]{しえきけい}「感じさせる」(causative form of\n感じる)と、[補助動詞]{ほじょどうし}「くれる」からできていて、\"to make (me/us/someone) feel ~~\"\nという意味で[使]{つか}います。\n\n上の文は、\n\n> ○○市は、人の温かさを感じることができるところです。 \n> ○○ city is a place where you can feel the warmth/kindness of people.\n\nと、言い[換]{か}えることができます。\n\nまた、「ところ」には「[部分]{ぶぶん}(part)」という意味もあります。例えば、\n\n> この[作品]{さくひん}の[魅力]{みりょく}は、[未来]{みらい}への[希望]{きぼう}を感じさせてくれるところです。 \n> The attraction of this work is that it makes me/you feel hope for the\n> future.\n>\n> ○○さんの、[安心感]{あんしんかん}を感じさせてくれるところが[好]{す}きです。 \n> I like ○○-san because s/he gives me a sense of security/ease.\n\nのように、「○○を感じさせてくれる[点]{てん} (≂ 部分)」\"the part (of something/someone) that makes\n(me/us/someone) feel ~~\" という意味で使うことができます。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-06T05:22:42.160",
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| 32683 | null | 32687 |
{
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"body": "We can use じゃなかったです for past tense, but can we replace the です with でした so that\nit becomes じゃなかったでした? Why or why not?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-06T03:52:08.120",
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"owner_user_id": "13761",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"politeness",
"tense"
],
"title": "Past negative tense じゃなかったでした",
"view_count": 5757
} | [
{
"body": "No, you can't do that. じゃなかったです is a confusing form because it's a\ncolloquialism, and thus is only \"grammatical\" de facto. The proper form is\nじゃありませんでした, or without contractions, ではありませんでした. じゃなかったでした is completely\nincorrect and can't be used under any circumstances.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-06T06:56:38.837",
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{
"body": "The negative past forms are:\n\n 1. なかった\n 2. なかったです\n 3. ありませんでした\n\nIn 1 and 2, the tense change is **already realised** by ない→なかった, and です just\nacts as a helper to add politeness. なかったでした does not exist because です will not\ninflect to show tense since it's just a politeness helper here.\n\nIn 3, the tense change is realised by でした, but note that in the case of\npresent tense, ありませんです does not exist because the politeness is already\naccounted for by ます(manifested as ません here), so です is not required as a\npoliteness helper in the present tense.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-06T09:28:51.253",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 32686 | 32693 | 32693 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32690",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Let's assume that I want to define the concept of injective function:\n\n> A function f is said to be injective if each element of the domain has at\n> most one image.\n\nwhich would become something like that:\n\n> 函数{かんすう}fによって定義域のおのおののxに対して像が一個以下であるなら、函数fが単射であるという。\n\nBut is there something like 少なくとも一個 (at least one) whose meaning would be at\nmost one. By something like 少なくとも I mean that the word order should be the\nsame (ie. (expression whose meaning is “at most”)一個).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-06T05:36:09.037",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32688",
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"owner_user_id": "4216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"word-requests",
"mathematics"
],
"title": "How to say at most one?",
"view_count": 579
} | [
{
"body": "In the context of mathematics,\n「[高々](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E3%80%85_%28%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%29)\n(or たかだか) 一個」 is the standard expression.\n\n高々 can also be used in non-technical context, but it's somewhat formal. In\ndaily conversations, we'd say \"多くて(も)一個\" or \"最大で一個\", etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-06T06:46:07.217",
"id": "32690",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 32688 | 32690 | 32690 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32701",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "僕だけがいない街 anime shows the children saying したっけ! translated as 'See ya!' and\nother terms, these are from Hokkaido dialect.\n\nI guess you can switch したっけ to other forms to say 'See ya': じゃあまた また明日\n\nAnyway, there's any relation with 明日? What is the etymology resulted in したっけ?\n\nThe way that したっけ sounds, it's like an affirmation than a question.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-06T14:58:02.673",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32697",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-06T15:25:58.817",
"last_editor_user_id": "7341",
"owner_user_id": "7341",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 24,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"dialects"
],
"title": "What is the etymology behind したっけ",
"view_count": 4972
} | [
{
"body": "したっけ is a Hokkaido-dialect word, which means \"See you\".\n\nMaybe most natives do not know it.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-06T15:57:19.910",
"id": "32698",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-06T15:57:19.910",
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},
{
"body": "No, this phrase isn't cognate with Standard Japanese あした.\n\nしたっけ literally means what in Standard Japanese そうしたら. The demonstrative そう is\nomitted because the whole context before is considered to stand in place of it\n(colloquial omission of this そう is also common in Tokyo). The っけ part shares\nthe same origin with Standard\n[っけ](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/65853/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%91/) (\"(what)\nagain?\"), that is Classical indirect past\n[けり](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/68898/meaning/m0u/), but has diverged from\nit to mean \"(after it) then\".\n\nThus, Hokkaido-ites say \"Now then!\" to mean \"See you!\", but this is exactly\nparallel to Standard Japanese too, where さようなら literally means さよう (\"so\") + なら\n(\"if be -- then\") in older way of speaking.\n\n**EDIT** \nしたっけ is seemingly used in [the same meaning in Ibaraki dialect,\ntoo](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A3%E3%81%91).\nHokkaido dialect is a mish-mash of various Honshu dialects, so it's possible\nthat this part of grammar was exported from Northern Kanto.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-06T16:24:07.647",
"id": "32701",
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"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "32697",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 31
}
]
| 32697 | 32701 | 32701 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm not sure, but I think there is an error in Genki's Grammar point of Lesson\n16:\n\nIn the first grammar point they explain ～てあげる/くれる and say that if a verb\ndoesn't have a \"beneficiaries part\" like **〇〇さんに** 貸してあげる, for example with\nthe verb 行く, you can use 〇〇さん **のために** as a substitute. They give this example\nsentence:\n\n> 私は智子さんのために買い物に行きました。 \n> _I went shopping for Tomoko_\n\nBut it's completely missing the あげる.\n\nShouldn't it be 私は智子さんのために買い物に **行ってあげました。**?\n\nFirst I thought \"well ok, you don't actually use あげる here\", but down the\ngrammar point they make the same remark in regards to くれる, that even though it\nis mostly clear already who is the beneficiary, but you really want explicitly\nstate who receives the benefit, and if the verb you want to use has no place\nfor a person, you use のために again.\n\nBut here the example sentences uses ～てくれる unlike above where they didn't use\n～てあげる:\n\n> けんさんが私のために部屋を掃除してくれました。 \n> _Ken cleaned the room for me._\n\nQuestion is now: Was this a mistake by Genki? Do you actually use ～てあげる when\nyou use のために or only with ～てくれる like they did. They didn't mention this at all\nthat the example sentences under あげる doesn't use てあげる but under the\n\"くれる\"-section the example sentence uses てくれる.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-06T16:19:22.250",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32699",
"last_activity_date": "2020-02-14T08:41:54.203",
"last_edit_date": "2020-02-14T08:41:54.203",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "13769",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"subsidiary-verbs",
"giving-and-receiving"
],
"title": "のために + ～てあげる/くれる",
"view_count": 800
} | [
{
"body": "> 私は智子さんのために買い物に行きました。\n>\n> 私は智子さんのために買い物に行ってあげました。\n>\n> 私は買い物に行ってあげました。\n>\n> けんさんが私のために部屋を掃除してくれました。\n>\n> けんさんが部屋を掃除してくれました。\n>\n> けんさんが私のために部屋を掃除しました。\n\nThey are all correct. To be honest, they are not that different. With くれました or\nあげました, the fact that someone is a beneficiary could have slight emphasis.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-06T17:13:09.837",
"id": "32704",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-06T17:13:09.837",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "8010",
"parent_id": "32699",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32699 | null | 32704 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32706",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In Genki II (second ed.), page 168 we are given polite forms of some verbs,\namong them する with なさる. They have also written that some of them have\nirregular conjugations in long forms, among them なさる, which becomes なさいます.\nHowever, in tangorin.com the conjugation table says なさります while Jisho.org\nrecognizes both as forms of なさる. At the same when I type なさります or なさいます into\ngoogle.com I get about 900 000 or 600 000 results respectively. Are both forms\ncorrect? Or is one of them just a common mistake?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-06T16:22:43.557",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32700",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-07T06:11:24.953",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-06T17:39:31.353",
"last_editor_user_id": "11958",
"owner_user_id": "11958",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "Proper form of なさる - なさります or なさいます",
"view_count": 1473
} | [
{
"body": "They are both OK. なさります is the original, but り sometimes changes to い. This is\ncalled イ音便{おんびん}.\n\nイ音便 <https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%82%A4%E9%9F%B3%E4%BE%BF-430840>\n\nなさいます\n<https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%AA%E3%81%95%E3%81%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99-346682>\n\nなさります\n<https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%AA%E3%81%95%E3%82%8A%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99-588645>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-06T17:01:30.663",
"id": "32703",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-07T00:41:07.507",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-07T00:41:07.507",
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"score": 3
},
{
"body": "There are five honorific (subsidiary) verbs of _almost_ r-consonant (type I)\nconjugation that have very peculiar style of irregularity, ending in い in 命令形\n(command form) and before ます.\n\n```\n\n plain form regular masu-stem masu(-only)-stem command form\n いらっしゃる いらっしゃり-たい いらっしゃい-ます いらっしゃい\n おっしゃる おっしゃり-たい おっしゃい-ます おっしゃい\n くださる くださり-たい ください-ます ください\n ござる ござり-たい ござい-ます ござれ／ござい†\n なさる なさり-たい なさい-ます なさい\n --------\n なる (regular) なり-たい なり-ます なれ\n \n```\n\n† so rare that I can't decide which is more natural... \n(Alignment adjusted for half/full-width fonts such as MS Gothic, may not work\nin other settings.)\n\nThese verbs are used predominantly in this irregular style, and using regular\nconjugation would have various extra effects depending on the verb, from just\nsounding a bit old-fashioned to making you into a ninja...\n\nPS\n[\"なさります\"](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%22%E3%81%AA%E3%81%95%E3%82%8A%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%22)\nand\n[\"なさいます\"](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%22%E3%81%AA%E3%81%95%E3%81%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%22)\nhave 26,800 and 430,000 hits in Google.co.jp, respectively.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-06T17:24:16.883",
"id": "32706",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 15
}
]
| 32700 | 32706 | 32706 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've tried to find the differences between 柄 and 模様 everywhere but to no\navail.\n\nWhat are the differences between 柄 and 模様?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-06T17:17:52.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32705",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-07T05:26:13.827",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-07T05:26:13.827",
"last_editor_user_id": "11830",
"owner_user_id": "13771",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Difference between 柄 and 模様",
"view_count": 646
} | [
{
"body": "柄 is closer to _style_ , and it also means _character_ (as in [人柄]{ひとがら}). 模様\nis closer to objective _pattern_ , and it also means _appearance_ , _current\nsituation_ (as in [空模様]{そらもよう}).\n\nWhen used for the style of clothes, skin of cats, etc., 柄 and 模様 are basically\ninterchangeable. But I feel ～柄 is used mainly for organic patterns, and ～模様 is\nmore common for inorganic/geometric/abstract patterns.\n\n * [花]{はな}柄 ＞＞ 花模様 (floral)\n * ヒョウ柄 ＞ ヒョウ模様 (leopard)\n * [迷彩]{めいさい}柄 ≒ 迷彩模様 (camouflage)\n * [水玉]{みずたま}柄 ＜ 水玉模様 (polka dot)\n * [縞]{しま}柄 ＜＜ 縞模様 (stripe)\n\n文様【もんよう】 is also used for traditional and complicated patterns such as\nArabesque.\n\nOnly 模様 can be used with the patterns of rocks, electronic circuits, etc,\nbecause they're not related to decorating something/someone.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-07T04:09:10.717",
"id": "32709",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-07T04:17:37.473",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-07T04:17:37.473",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32705",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 32705 | null | 32709 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32708",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A mother is scolding her daughter. The uncle (Tomozou) speaks first:\n\n> 「おかあさん、お歳暮の広告見 **ちゃ** ダメ？」 \n> 友蔵が頼んでもおかあさんは首を縦に振らなかった。 \n> 「ダメですっ。」\n>\n> \"Mother, is looking at year-end adverts not allowed?\" \n> Even though it was Tomozou who asked, mother didn't nod in agreement. \n> \"It's not allowed.\" \n> (my TL attempt)\n\nMy main question is what is the meaning of ちゃ (in bold). If I were to say this\nI would write something like お歳暮の広告を見るのはダメ。So my first thought was that ちゃ\ncould be a contraction of のは but that doesn't sound likely.\n\nMy secondary question (possibly related) is why does it say that the mother\n**didn't** nod in agreement? I guess this is something to do with how you\nanswer negative questions in Japanese, but even then it seems like a strange\nthing to say.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-06T17:57:16.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32707",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-06T18:42:38.523",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form",
"particle-は",
"negation",
"contractions"
],
"title": "Meaning of verb followed by ちゃ",
"view_count": 2669
} | [
{
"body": "ちゃ is a contraction of ては. 見ちゃダメ？ is the same as 見てはダメ？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-06T18:03:23.590",
"id": "32708",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-06T18:03:23.590",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32707",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 32707 | 32708 | 32708 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> しばらくその場を動かず無為に時間を過ごし、リヴェリアが怪訝な色を顔に映しだした頃。何かを察知したように、アイズ **が** 剣を抜いた。\n\nCould someone tell me what が this is? Is it exhaustive listing?\n\nMy translation would be: _As if sensing something, Aizu is the one who drew\nher sword._",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-07T04:35:30.747",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32710",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-04T04:19:40.750",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-08T01:38:45.080",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13774",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Which が is this?",
"view_count": 275
} | [
{
"body": "I don't know the grammatical classification of the meaning of \"が\" to be able\nto tell you whether this is exhaustive listing or not, but I think your\ntranslation is spot on. It is a particle attached to the subject アイズ, and the\nuse of \"が\" (as opposed to \"は\") puts an emphasis on Aizu, as opposed to other\npeople in the context. \"Aizu is the one who ...\" captures this sense well.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-11-04T04:16:56.340",
"id": "40642",
"last_activity_date": "2016-11-04T04:16:56.340",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3059",
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"post_type": "answer",
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}
]
| 32710 | null | 40642 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Here is the sentence I'm talking about... うん、めずらしいなあ、めぐみのほうがおそいなんて",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-07T04:44:52.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32711",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-05T17:32:09.227",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11757",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does \"なあ” & \"なんて” mean in this sentence. (うん、めずらしいなあ、めぐみのほうがおそいなんて）",
"view_count": 930
} | [
{
"body": "なんて in this sentence is used in indicating surprise. For example,\n彼が仕事を休むなんて、驚きだ(I am surprised at taking off his work). And なんて has some\nmeanings and usage.\n\nなあ in this sentence is used in indicating sentiment. For example, 美しいなあ、静かだなぁ\netc. And なあ has also some meanings and usage.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-07T06:28:24.257",
"id": "32712",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-07T06:28:24.257",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "32711",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Both words indicate a \"strong sentiment\", be it surprise, anger, awestricken,\nthankful and what have you. E.g.\n\n```\n\n ここで泊まるなんて思ってもいなかった \n あいつが首相だなんて許せない\n なんて綺麗な景色なんだ\n なんて面倒見のいい奴なんだろう\n \n ここで泊まるとは思っていなかったなぁ\n あいつが首相だなんて許せないなぁ\n 綺麗な景色だなぁ\n 面倒見のいい奴だなぁ\n \n```\n\nBack to your example, it's inverting the usual ordering and then adds an うん to\ncreate an even stronger effect. E.g. these are all grammatical and mean\nessentially the same thing (they get increasingly more dramatic):\n\n```\n\n めぐみのほうがおそいなんてめずらしいなあ\n めずらしいなあ、めぐみのほうがおそいなんて\n うん、めずらしいなぁ、めぐみのほうがおそいなんて\n \n```\n\nHere is a similar, but a different example:\n\n```\n\n あぁ、悲しいなぁ、あいつが死んじまったなんて \n \n```\n\nRe: @Yuuichi's point that なんて indicates surprise, there's a lot of truth in\nthat. One translation would be \"I can't believe ...\". But IMO its primarily\npurpose is to indicate that there is some strong sentiment (for example you\ncan say あいつが死んじまったなんて after you know very well that the person has died).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-05T17:32:09.227",
"id": "35686",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-05T17:32:09.227",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "499",
"parent_id": "32711",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 32711 | null | 35686 |
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