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{
"accepted_answer_id": "30859",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For example I can write:\n\n> 日本に行く友達がいる。 \n> I have a friend who is going to Japan\n\nBut can I write:\n\n> 日本に行くジョンという友達がいる。 \n> I have a friend, named John, who is going to Japan.\n\nBasically, is it permissible to insert any other modifiers between the\nrelative clause and the noun it is modifying? If not, how do I re-phrase my\nexample sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-31T17:19:02.213",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30853",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-01T16:54:20.687",
"last_edit_date": "2016-06-01T16:54:20.687",
"last_editor_user_id": "11192",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Must relative clauses attach directly to the noun they are modifying",
"view_count": 187
} | [
{
"body": "> \"Basically, is it permissible to insert any other modifiers between the\n> relative clause and the noun it is modifying?\"\n\nYes, it is. In fact, it is commonly practiced as long as the modifiers are not\nexcessively long and/or elaborate. If they were, it would often look/sound\nmore reader- or listener-friendly to split the information into two separate\nsentences.\n\nI will take the liberty to alter your base sentence a little to make it more\nnatural.\n\n> 「もうすぐ[日本]{にほん}に[行]{い}く[友達]{ともだち}がいます。」 (No modifiers in between.)\n>\n> \"I have a friend who is going to Japan soon.\"\n\n↓\n\n> 「もうすぐ日本に行く、ジョンという友達がいます。」 (The comma is optional.)\n>\n> \"I have a friend, named John, who is going to Japan.\"\n\n↓\n\n> 「もうすぐ日本に行く、ジョンという（、）[身長]{しんちょう}2メートルの友達がいます。」 (Use of commas recommended.)\n>\n> \"I have a friend, named John and 2-meters tall, who is going to Japan soon.\"\n\nOne could add another short modifier or so within the same sentence between\n「行く」 and 「友達」, but to add more would make the sentence look long-winded and\ndifficult to follow.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-01T00:58:13.633",
"id": "30859",
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"parent_id": "30853",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 30853 | 30859 | 30859 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30855",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have been translating a NHK Easy news item but I can't get over a sentence.\n\n> みぞれは雨のような雪です。\n\nI understand each word however I can't find out the sentence ultimate meaning.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-31T17:28:38.153",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30854",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-31T18:08:16.053",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-31T18:08:16.053",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "12404",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does みぞれは雨のような雪です mean?",
"view_count": 113
} | [
{
"body": "> Noun-A + のような + Noun-B = \n> Noun-B like Noun-A\n>\n> みぞれは雨のような雪です \n> Sleet is snow (which is) like rain.\n\nAnother example:\n\n> 山田さんのような人を見ました \n> I saw a man (Who looked) like Yamada.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-31T17:46:08.167",
"id": "30855",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "30854",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 30854 | 30855 | 30855 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30857",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/30844/common-ways-of-\nasking-for-someones-phone-number) other question, the answers say that\n電話{でんわ}番号{ばんごう}は何番ですか is a common way of asking for someones number. I was\nthrown off by the repitition of 番, but the answers say it's commonly used. So\nit got me thinking, is this kind of repeatition common and are there other\nphrases or situations like this where, a word is repeated?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-31T18:59:49.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30856",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-02T05:24:37.323",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "4287",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"counters"
],
"title": "Is repetition of words in questions, such as the 番 in 電話番号は何番ですか common in Japanese?",
"view_count": 373
} | [
{
"body": "> A. 電話{でんわ}番号{ばんごう}は何番{なんばん}ですか。(What is your phone number?)\n>\n> B. 今年{ことし}は何年{なんねん}ですか。(What year is this?)\n>\n> C. 好{す}きな色{いろ}は何色{なにいろ}ですか。(What is your favorite color?)\n>\n> D. この車{くるま}はあなたの車{くるま}ですか。(Is this your car?)\n\nAll of these four sentences include a kind of duplication, but nobody feels\nthat they are redundant. \nPerhaps you think that A, B, C and D can be said differently as follows.\n\n* * *\n\n> A'. #電話番号は何{なん}ですか。\n>\n> B'. #今年は何{なん}ですか。\n>\n> C'. 好きな色は何{なん}ですか。\n>\n> D'. この車はあなたの (or あなたのもの）ですか。\n\nA' and B' are not correct. Neither of them makes sense. \nThey are questions for the number, the order, or the numbering of something.\nThen you need to use the counter suffix with 何{なん}, as 何番, 何年, 何人, 何本, etc.\n\nC' and D' are perfectly correct. ''色'' in ''何色'' is not a counter suffix. So\nyou can say ''何{なん}の色{いろ}'' instead of ''何色{なにいろ}''. \nBy the way, if 何色 is read as ''なんしょく'', it is a question for ''how many\ncolors''. Please look at [this question and my\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/29953/when-to-use-dono-\nor-nan/29955#29955) if you'd like more details about this.\n\n* * *\n\n> A''. #電話は何番ですか。\n>\n> B''. !今は何年ですか。\n>\n> C''. !好きなのは何色ですか。\n>\n> D''. これはあなたの車ですか。\n\nA'' is still strange, even more than A'. \nは plays a role to indicate what the speaker is talking about. You're talking\nabout the phone of your friend, not about the phone number, so A, the first\none, is the most natural.\n\nB'' and C'' are actually used sometimes, but they are less common than B and C\nare.\n\nHow about D''? The word ''これ'' is used when both the speaker and the listener\nrecognize the thing and it is near the speaker or near both of them. ([This\npage](http://hiragananinja.tk/wp2/koresore/) would be helpful.) When it's\nobvious what you're referring to, ''これ'' is used instead of ''この車''.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-31T19:20:39.513",
"id": "30857",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
]
| 30856 | 30857 | 30857 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30862",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "My question is if there is a word for \"studied\", or you have to do \"study +\ndid\" to say \"studied\". And if that applies to all other words. Like \"to work\"\nwould be 仕事はする? Does everything work with する? Or there are some words that can\nbe inflected without する?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-01T02:34:13.917",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30861",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-01T15:25:56.857",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12121",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "Is there a word for \"studied\" or I have to use 勉強はした?",
"view_count": 288
} | [
{
"body": "For any verbs that use する, yes, that is how you indicate an action in the\npast. Although you don't use は in the middle like that. It is just 勉強した。\n\nVerbs are very regular in the Japanese language so in my opinion verbs in\nJapanese are quite straightforward to learn. There are about ~100 ways you can\nconjugate する but for a list of 50 most common was you can check out\n[VerbSmash](http://www.verbsmash.com/rootverb/find/to%20do)\n\n(On a side note there are rare cases where you can use は like that for\nstylistic purposes, but that's a bit beyond your level this point.)",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-01T03:12:37.257",
"id": "30862",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-01T03:12:37.257",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 2
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{
"body": "仕事 is a noun and 仕事する is a verb. We have a lot of verbs like 仕事する where する is\nplaced after a noun. And した is the past form of する. In addition, there are\nmany verbs without する in Japanese.\n\n\"I work\" is translated as \"仕事する\" and \"仕事をする\". \nAnd \"仕事はする\" means \"I work\" and this \"は\" is used for emphasis and contrast.\nSame goes with 勉強する.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-01T04:40:01.573",
"id": "30864",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-01T15:25:56.857",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-01T15:25:56.857",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "30861",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 30861 | 30862 | 30864 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30873",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A lot of times, when someone says something stupid or ridiculous, the reply\nthey get is「バカいえ！」, or when someone says something that's obviously a lie,\nthey will be told 「ウソつけ！」. I've also heard 「ふざけろ」 used similarly. I was\nwondering, why is it that Japanese likes to use positive imperatives at times\nlike these even though the intent is clearly to call someone out on something\nor get them to stop? What is the actual implied meaning of these phrases?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-01T09:37:45.127",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30867",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-01T16:31:25.360",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9596",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"imperatives"
],
"title": "Positive Imperatives When Telling Someone Not to Do Something",
"view_count": 550
} | [
{
"body": "This was discussed some [here in a question about\nうそおっしゃい](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/18243/is-%E3%81%86%E3%81%9D%E3%81%8A%E3%81%A3%E3%81%97%E3%82%83%E3%81%84-to-\nbe-taken-literally-here). A similar construction happens in English, as in the\nfamous Dirty Harry line, [_\"Go ahead, make my\nday.\"_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_ahead,_make_my_day) The speaker is\ntelling the listener to _\"do XXX\"_ , with the implication that the speaker\nwill respond immediately by beating the listener in some way. The resulting\nmeaning is thus _\" **don't** do XXX\"_ -- basically, a positive imperative is\nused to express a negative imperative.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-01T16:31:25.360",
"id": "30873",
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"owner_user_id": "5229",
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"score": 5
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| 30867 | 30873 | 30873 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30869",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I think many people remember the Japanese game series, Mr. Driller. There was\nan arcade machine and several console games, and they were pretty popular. The\nidea was to drill through coloured blocks, periodically refilling your air\nsupply with oxygen tanks.\n\nHowever, does anyone know what Mr. Driller says whenever he picks one up?\n\nHere's my attempt:\n\n> He always says something like 「えき！」\n>\n> Since \"air\" is 空{くう}気{き} and \"oxygen\" is 酸{さん}素{そ}, I tried searching for\n> other things.\n>\n> 「てき！」made no sense, meaning \"opponent\" (敵), etc.\n>\n> 「へき！」means, among other things - \"barrier\" (壁).\n>\n> Other games in the series have similarly unintelligible (to me) quotes upon\n> picking up air tanks.\n\nHere's a link to some gameplay, and the first two oxygen tanks are picked up\nat **0:15** and **0:25** : <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KeSEoA1JKJA>",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-01T12:37:33.747",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30868",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-02T03:48:37.060",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11849",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"listening"
],
"title": "What does Mr. Driller say when he picks up an oxygen tank?",
"view_count": 734
} | [
{
"body": "Sounds like he is saying 「ラッキー」 to me.\n\nKnow nothing about the game but that is what my Japanese ear picks up.\n\nEDIT: [Just found this](http://yaplog.jp/mski/archive/3):\n\n> カプセルを取った時に **ラッキー♪** ってドリラー君が言うんだけど\n\nRE-EDIT: Found these, too.\n\n[Go to paragraph (about) #9, which starts with \"It's a\nshame\"](http://cache.yahoofs.jp/search/cache?c=p0eXf9wO2wwJ&p=mr+driller+says+lucky&u=www.bordersdown.net%2Fcontent%2F788-Mr-\nDriller-Drill-Land-Review-Nintendo-Gamecube):\n\n> It’s a shame, then, that the in-game voices are a bit grating. The voice\n> actors themselves aren’t the problem, just one particular usage of them-\n> i.e. the way Driller-san and friends say **‘Lucky!’** (or in the case of the\n> dog, ‘Lucky-wan!’) every time you pick up an oxygen capsule.\n\n[Read the paragraph (about #5) stating with\n\"Graphically\"](http://cache.yahoofs.jp/search/cache?c=Wo3S9GgBUbEJ&p=mr+driller+says+lucky&u=www.nintendolife.com%2Freviews%2Fwiiu-\neshop%2Fmr_driller_2_gba):\n\n> ... the repeated sound clip of **‘’lucky!’’** when you collect an air tank\n> ...\n\nI have nothing more to say, really.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-01T13:02:02.697",
"id": "30869",
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| 30868 | 30869 | 30869 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30871",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In my JLPT prep book, I have the following sentence (no official translation\navailable),\n\n> 自分の利益を得んがための発言では、人の心を動かせない。\n\nI am wondering if there is not a missing と at the end. Indeed, here, it would\ntranslate as “In this speech made so that I get some profit I will not move\nthe heart of people” but with と it would become “In this speech that should\nget me some profit I should move the heart of people”.\n\nMy translation is not really good but I hope it is understandable.\n\nCan you confirm that と is missing? or do I understant the sentence the wrong\nway?\n\nMaybe I misunderstood the sentence and it just means “I won't move people with\na speech made for my own profit/in order that I get profit”",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-01T14:56:07.233",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30870",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-01T15:42:49.130",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"jlpt"
],
"title": "Should と be appended in 「自分の利益を得んがための発言では、人の心を動かせない。」?",
"view_count": 95
} | [
{
"body": "> 「[自分]{じぶん}の[利益]{りえき}を[得]{え}んがための[発言]{はつげん}では、[人]{ひと}の[心]{こころ}を[動]{うご}かせない。」\n\nIf this is a stand-alone sentence without any context, it is already a\n_**perfect**_ sentence. There is no need to add a 「と」 at the end.\n\nIn that case, the sentence would mean:\n\n> \"If it were a statement made to profit oneself, it could not move anyone's\n> heart.\" or\n>\n> \"A statemnet that is made to profit oneself would not move anyone's heart.\"\n\nRegardless of the possible variety of translations, the fact remains that the\noriginal sentence would be 100% correct, grammatical, natural, etc.\n\n_**If**_ , however, there were a context in which\n「自分の利益を得んがための発言では、人の心を動かせない。」 is what someone _**said, thought, heard, was\ntaught, etc.**_ , then a 「と」 can be added at the end. Needless to say, that\n「と」 would be quotative.\n\nFor example, it is completely grammatical and natural to say:\n\n> 「[父]{ちち}は[言]{い}っていた。自分の利益を得んがための発言では、人の心を動かせない **と** 。」\n>\n> 「[何]{なに}かの[本]{ほん}で[読]{よ}んだことがある。自分の利益を得んがための発言では、人の心を動かせない **と** 。」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-01T15:42:49.130",
"id": "30871",
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"score": 4
}
]
| 30870 | 30871 | 30871 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30880",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In sentences like\n[here](http://yourei.jp/%E4%B9%85%E3%81%97%E3%82%85%E3%81%86%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F).\nWhat does it mean? Which of the dictionary meanings of 久しい do I apply here?\n\n 1. 幽谷先生が感歎 **これを久しゅう** したのも無理ではない。 \n\n 2. と、私は慨嘆 **これを久しゅう** したことであった。 \n\netc. (there are many more in the link)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-01T18:49:43.903",
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"id": "30874",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-02-01T18:56:38.387",
"last_editor_user_id": "12413",
"owner_user_id": "12413",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "X+これを久しゅう meaning",
"view_count": 295
} | [
{
"body": "In this case,\n\n「[久]{ひさ}しい」＝「[長]{なが}い」 (temporal > spatial)\n\n> 「Noun + これ + (を) + 久しゅうする」 means:\n>\n> \"to do (noun) for a long time\"\n\nIn real life, however, we mostly use this phrase with a limited number of\nnouns whose meanings are related to \" _ **exclamation**_ \" such as\n「[感嘆]{かんたん}」、「[慨嘆]{がいたん}」、「[三嘆]{さんたん}」, etc. This is elegant speech, if you\nare wondering.\n\n> = \"to be amazed for a long time\"\n\nRegarding the 「しゅう」 part, you will hear 「よろしゅう」 to mean 「よろしく」 at least in\nKansai if not in Kanto. It is a remnant of Classical Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-02T00:35:36.727",
"id": "30880",
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},
{
"body": "感歎これを久しゅうした = 感歎(wonderment but 感嘆 is common) + これ(感歎のこと)を + 久しゅう(久しく is the\n連用形 of adjective 久しい which means \"for a long time\" and 久しゅう is a dialect of\n久しく) + した\n\nIt means I felt admiration for a long time. However this sentence was used at\na long time ago, it is rarely used now.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-02T11:26:31.790",
"id": "30895",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-02T12:04:49.050",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-02T12:04:49.050",
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"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "30874",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
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| 30874 | 30880 | 30880 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30876",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Uitc5.jpg)is\nthere a way to display the hito/jin 人 in non-simplified form ?\n\nI see kanji IMAGES everywhere on the net. but I'm looking for a unicode\ncharacter like the old Chinese Lishu script. I see it in signs everywhere, I\nthought I had seen it in text as well.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-01T19:12:54.110",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": "2016-02-01T19:28:46.893",
"last_editor_user_id": "11261",
"owner_user_id": "11261",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -4,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"classical-japanese",
"kanji-choice",
"academic-japanese"
],
"title": "is there a way to display the hito/jin 人 in non-simplified form?",
"view_count": 227
} | [
{
"body": "This is a matter of fonts, not a matter of simplification. Much like depending\non the font being displayed, a Latin alphabet \"a\" will either appear with or\nwithout the hook at the top, the font determines the exact appearance of the\ncharacter 人. There are fonts that try to preserve handwriting for CJK\ncharacters that will display the 人 character in the way you want it to look.\n\nSome of them packaged with Windows are Chinese 仿宋 and 楷书.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-01T19:44:11.630",
"id": "30876",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 30875 | 30876 | 30876 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30878",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In Genki II textbook (second edition page 114 and 115) you are tasked with\ncreating sentences using ～時. The problem is their answers seem to contradict\nwhat is written in \"A dictionary of basic Japanese grammar\" (page 493).\n\nEx IV.A.2 shows a picture of a student not understanding something, we are\nsupposed to create a sentence meaning \"When I don't understand something I ask\nsomeone\". So the order seems to be I don't understand something , and then I\nask someone, which according to dictionary asks for past + 時 + present\n(わからなかった時人にききます), while the answer is present + 時 + present (わからない時人にききます).\n\nSimilarly, ex. IV.A.4 shows a person being homesick. We are supposed to\nconstruct a sentence meaning \"When I get homesick, I call my parents\", which\nagain seems to call for past + 時 + present, and instead it's translated as\nホームシックの時両親に電話をかけます.\n\nI'm pretty sure I'm misunderstanding something.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-01T22:08:19.350",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30877",
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"owner_user_id": "11958",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"usage",
"tense",
"time"
],
"title": "The use of present and past tenses in ～時 sentences",
"view_count": 1637
} | [
{
"body": "The past-tense ～た時 pattern is used when the action is **completed** relative\nto the main clause.\n\nThe present-tense ～る時 pattern is used when the action has **not yet been\ncompleted** relative to the main clause.\n\nA common example to illustrate the difference:\n\n> 日本に行くとき、カメラを買った。 \n> _On the way_ to Japan, I bought a camera. (The action of \"going\" isn't\n> complete yet.) \n> 日本に行ったとき、カメラを買った。 \n> _When I went_ to Japan (after arriving), I bought a camera.\n\nThis is reflected in your sentences as well:\n\n> When I don't understand something I ask someone. \n> わからないときは人に聞きます。\n\nYour lack of understanding is _not yet completed_ when you ask. It would not\nmake sense to ask once you understand. Therefore, the present tense is\nnecessary before 時.\n\nLikewise, you call your parents while being homesick, not after being\nhomesick. So the present tense is used in that sentence also.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-01T22:46:02.427",
"id": "30878",
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| 30877 | 30878 | 30878 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30881",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 金銭のことで彼と争いになった。\n\nCan someone explain what で does in this sentence? I don't really understand\nit.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-01T23:53:47.460",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30879",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-02-07T15:37:26.100",
"last_editor_user_id": "11849",
"owner_user_id": "12415",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "What does で do in this sentence?",
"view_count": 133
} | [
{
"body": "This 「で」 expresses the **_cause or reason_** for an action or situation.\n\n> \"I got into a fight with him **_because of_** money matters.\"\n\n「で」 is amazing and so is 「に」 and so is 「も」 and.... Without particles, life has\nno meanings.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-02T00:44:11.437",
"id": "30881",
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{
"body": "で (de) usually means \"at\" in English...kind of..\n\nThink of \"at\" meaning the same as \"because\" like: \"The answer to your problem\nis (AT) this cause.\" \"We found what was (AT) the root of the problem.\" etc.\n\nato de = later. Not in a different place, but AT a different time or\nsituation. (Unless you consider time a fourth directional dimension, but\nthat's another forum!)\n\nで can also mean \"in\". \"in this situation\" instead of \"at this situation\"\n\n\"in this case\", or \"in the case or\", or \"because of\" special case-de,\nsituation-de.\n\nThe same with \"I'm at the pool\", \"I'm in the pool\".. or movie theater, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-07T22:58:54.130",
"id": "31005",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-07T23:04:09.100",
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| 30879 | 30881 | 30881 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30890",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I found this sentence in [Tofugu's\nworkbook](http://store.tofugu.com/shop/4500-japanese-sentences).\n\n> 続きを **見るに** はこちらから。\n\nMy question is: Why is the る not dropped so it becomes 見に, as in this\nsentence:\n\n> 映画を **見に** 行きます。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-02T00:46:10.910",
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"id": "30882",
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"owner_user_id": "1346",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"conjugations",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "見る + に particle: why is る not dropped?",
"view_count": 194
} | [
{
"body": "Because it's 見る **には** and not verb + に + いく。They're completely different\nthings. Verb + には is it's own thing. It means like 'in order to x / to\naccomplish x'. This is something that is extremely unintuitive at first but it\nmakes a bit more sense when you think about how には is used with regards to\nphysical objects. には is used to indicate that something is inside something\nelse or that something is placed in a physical location. So for example\n「この箱にはおもちゃがある」\"There are toys in this box\". So, how does it apply to verbs?\nWell.. this explanation might not make a lot of sense but if you kind of think\nof it like 'in order to **embody** this action (that is, to be **inside** the\naction, living it,physically performing it) you need to do X. Is kind of the\ngist of it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-02T09:29:42.797",
"id": "30889",
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},
{
"body": "\"～しに行く\" = the 連用形(continuative form) of a verb + に行く and it means \"go ～ing\",\nso 見に行く = 見 (the 連用形 of 見る) + に行く.\n\nThe \"には\" of \"the 連体形(attributive form) of a verb + には\" is used for the object\nof the action. For example, 車が走るには、ガソリンが必要です.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-02T09:32:10.193",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 30882 | 30890 | 30890 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30884",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've heard this japanese sentence in a dialog:\n\n```\n\n nihon no inu wa gohan o tabe masuka?\n \n```\n\nI can't translate it. \"Do japanese dogs eat anything?\" Or \"do you eat japanese\ndogs?\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-02T04:48:23.373",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30883",
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"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "12417",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Help translating a phrase",
"view_count": 88
} | [
{
"body": "I'm assuming you have the most basic knowledge of particles like \"wo\"...\n\n[ごはん](http://jisho.org/word/%E3%81%94%E9%A3%AF) (gohan) in such a context\nmeans \"rice\", not meal in general.\n\nThe sentence (normally) means \"Do Japanese dogs eat rice?\", to which the\nanswer is yes sometimes.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-02T05:30:03.980",
"id": "30884",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-02T05:30:03.980",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 30883 | 30884 | 30884 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30899",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have been searching the Internet for an answer to this question for while\nnow, but to no avail.\n\nIf I walk into a room and there's a person there among my friends that I don't\nknow, in English could say something like \"Oh, there's a new face\" and go and\ngreet him or her.\n\nIn Japanese, should I use \"ああ 新しい顔があります！\" or \"ああ 新しい顔がいます！\"?\n\nThe face is attached to a living person, but the face itself is not a living\nthing in the same regard.\n\nI would be most grateful for an explanation.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-02T08:19:59.570",
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"owner_user_id": "12018",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"meaning"
],
"title": "いる or ある for things attached to living beings",
"view_count": 386
} | [
{
"body": "If I am placed in the situation you describe, I say \"初めて会う人がいる or 初対面の人がいる\".\nAnd I think we don't say \"ああ 新しい顔があります！\" or \"ああ 新しい顔がいます！\". It's the direct\ntranslation of an English saying.\n\nIn addition, If the situation is in school, we call them 転入生 and 転校生. If the\nsituation is in a company, we call them 新人.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-02T12:28:42.067",
"id": "30897",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-02T12:51:43.790",
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"score": 3
},
{
"body": "In Japanese, one does not use \"いる\" to describe things that happen to be\nattached to living persons.\n\nYou would use \"ある\" for body-parts, prosthetics, (internal) organs, clothing,\nhair, accessories, acne and makeup (although there are more appropriate words\ndepending on what you are saying). The list goes on.\n\n* * *\n\nThe exception would be if whatever item you were describing needed to be\npersonified. Say you had a really advanced prosthetic, which had an advanced\nA.I. that could speak to people, and perhaps convince them that it was\n\"alive\". Or, if we're really getting creative, say you had a [sentient\nzit](http://familyguy.wikia.com/wiki/Doug_the_Pimple). These kinds of rare\ncases might call for using \"いる\".",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-02T12:39:15.377",
"id": "30899",
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| 30885 | 30899 | 30897 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30888",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In Miyazawa Kenji's 銀河鉄道の夜 I came across this:\n\n```\n\n たくさんの輪転器がばたりばたりとまわり、...\n \n```\n\nWhat is the meaning of ばたりばたり here? 輪転器 is a [rotary printing\npress](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary_printing_press), I believe.\n\n[バタバタ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2253/what-\ndoes-%E3%83%90%E3%82%BF%E3%83%90%E3%82%BF-mean?rq=1) comes to mind, so maybe\nsomething close to that?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-02T09:01:18.217",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_edit_date": "2016-02-02T09:07:18.413",
"last_editor_user_id": "4926",
"owner_user_id": "4926",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "What onomatopeia is ばたりばたり?",
"view_count": 142
} | [
{
"body": "\" ** _With a repetitive (and mechanical) flopping sound_** \" would be my own\ndefinition.\n\nAt least, that should capture the essence of the onomatopoeia in the given\ncontext.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-02T09:22:58.787",
"id": "30888",
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"score": 3
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| 30886 | 30888 | 30888 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've occasionally heard people who aren't native speakers of English complain\nabout gairaigo (words derived from European languages, not words derived from\nChinese) being difficult to learn.\n\nSometimes I hear it from people who are reasonably fluent in English (and\ntherefore should know the word the gairaigo is derived from), and sometimes I\nhear it from people who aren't native speakers of Chinese (and therefore don't\nhave the advantage of already knowing Chinese characters). I'm wondering - do\nnative speakers of English have an advantage over people who learnt English as\na second language when it comes to learning gairaigo?\n\n(I know this sounds subjective, but organisations have evaluated [how\ndifficult it is to learn specific\nlanguages](http://www.effectivelanguagelearning.com/language-guide/language-\ndifficulty), so \"difficulty in learning\" must be measurable)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-02T09:12:52.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30887",
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"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"loanwords",
"learning"
],
"title": "Do non-native speakers of English find gairaigo more difficult to learn than native speakers of English?",
"view_count": 408
} | [
{
"body": "(Seems very opinion-based to me, but nevertheless)\n\nI'm not so sure it's easier for native English speakers for different reasons\n:\n\n * Some 外来語 don't come from English : アルバイト (from \"Arbeit\" in german), ズボン (from \"Jupon\" in french), コップ (from \"Copo\" in Portuguese or \"Kop\" in Dutch, sources diverge) etc...\n\n * Some words can be confusing for a native English speaker like [マンション](https://www.google.fr/search?q=%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiLlYXw5tjKAhXDtBQKHQV2B24Q_AUIBygB&biw=2144&bih=1057&dpr=0.9) which definetly isn't a Mansion or スマート which means \"elegant, stylish\".\n\n * A great majority (I guess) of Japanese learners also speak english fluently enough to not be startled by words like ピンク, サッカー or コンピューター. And if they don't, well, they just have to learn 2 similar words at the same time :).\n\n * 外来語 aren't that hard to learn for a Western-language speaker anyway (it might be harder for russians, arabs, africans... I don't know). Let's assume you're an English native speaker who's learning French, German, Portuguese and Japanese for the first time, with no other linguistic knowledge than English. Which words would be the hardest to learn between these : Comprendre (in French), Kalt (in German), Frutas (in Portuguese) or their equivalent in Japanese : 分かる, 冷たい and 果物?\n\nThose examples might be _ad hoc_ but I'm pretty sure they can be generalized,\nespecially for complex words (think about : syndrome d'immunodéficience\nacquise (French) and 後天性免疫不全症候群{こうてんせいめんえきふぜんしょうこうぐん})",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-02T10:08:02.050",
"id": "30893",
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{
"body": "I can definitely say I have seen a trend among people with 漢字圏 backgrounds to\navoid カタカナ loanwords in favor of 漢字, where there is an equivalent (regardless\nof how unnatural it might sound). In those cases, the subjects would mostly be\nnative in Chinese, which is fairly far removed from the European (Germanic and\nLatin) words that 外来語 generally hails from.\n\nThis trend, is of course also apparent with non-natives of Chinese, who happen\nto be really good at 漢字, or otherwise have an easy time remembering 漢字.\n\n* * *\n\nOther than that, across the board, I've mostly seen an initial ease in\nremembering the words, but a slight delay in remembering what exactly they\nmean. Take:\n\n * Viking vs. バイキング\n * Sabotage vs. サボる\n * Style vs. スタイル\n * [Mansion vs. マンション](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/30893/11830)\n\nIt's generally easy to remember the word, if you're familiar with a word that\nsounds like it, but since it means something completely different from the\noriginal word, there is a delay in remembering this new meaning.\n\n* * *\n\nSo, the main \"difficulty in learning\" I have observed, is with Chinese\nLanguage natives, who are also not English Language natives.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-02T12:14:28.157",
"id": "30896",
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| 30887 | null | 30896 |
{
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"body": "Context: The protagonist is searching for a girl in his house, and since his\nhouse is really big he has yet to find her.\n\n> ここまで捜していないとなると、後は道場か土蔵ぐらいなものだろう。\n\nI don't understand this sentence.\n\nここまで=Until here \n捜していない=Not looking for; Not searching \nとなると=If it's the case; If it comes to that \n後は道場か土蔵ぐらいなものだろう。=After that, the dojo or the storehouse.\n\nI don't understand why it's 捜していない.\n\n> If I do not look until here, After that, the dojo or the storehouse.\n\nBut it does not make sense, does it?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "ないとなると meaning in a sentence",
"view_count": 1368
} | [
{
"body": "The 捜していない of this sentence doesn't mean \" Not looking for \" but \" I looked\nfor but I couldn't find \". It's 捜して and (捜された人[the person who was looked\nfor]が)いない.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-02T09:46:28.093",
"id": "30892",
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"score": 8
},
{
"body": "> 「ここまで[捜]{さが}していないとなると、[後]{あと}は[道場]{どうじょう}か[土蔵]{どぞう}ぐらいなものだろう。」\n\nIn the phrase 「捜していない」 in this context,\n\n> It is Person **A** who is 捜している (searching), and\n>\n> it is Person **B** who is いない (not there).\n\nThe above was your (only) mistake, but since it was a big one, it cost you the\nrest of the sentence.\n\nOne more thing. 「ここまで」 here means more like \"to this degree\", \"as hard as\nthis\", etc. It does not really mean \"until here\".\n\nMy own fairly literal TL:\n\n> \"If we searched this hard and still couldn't find her, that would mean that\n> the remaining possibility would be either the dojo or the storehouse.\"\n\nYour understanding of 「～～となると」 is just fine. I just happened to use \"that\nwould mean\" in my TL.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-02T10:24:23.513",
"id": "30894",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-02T10:43:24.393",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "30891",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 30891 | 30894 | 30892 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30903",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have a base sentence as follows.\n\n> AさんはBさんに足を踏まれました。(A's feet was stepped on by B.)\n\nI am trying to make a relative clause for Aさん, Bさん, and 足 each as follows.\n\n# Aさん\n\n * Passive: Bさんに足を踏まれた **人** はAさんです。\n * Active: Bさんが足を踏んだ **人** はAさんです。\n\n# Bさん\n\n * Passive: Aさんが足を踏まれた **人** はBさんです。\n * Active: Aさんの足を踏んだ **人** はBさんです。\n\n# 足\n\n * Passive: AさんがBさんに踏まれた **器官** は足です。\n * Active: BさんがAさんに踏んだ **器官** は足です。\n\nAre there any grammatical mistakes in my sentences above?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-02T12:37:00.367",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30898",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-02T15:01:35.957",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"passive-voice",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Making relative clauses in passive and active forms for every part of a sentence",
"view_count": 235
} | [
{
"body": "All the sentences but the last one are correct. It should be BがA **を**\n踏んだところは足だ. (器官 sounds too anatomical.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-02T15:01:35.957",
"id": "30903",
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"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "30898",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 30898 | 30903 | 30903 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30901",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "振り返ってみると、ゆいって今まで何の部活もやってこなかったもんねー。\n\nI can't find the meaning in dictionaries..",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-02T14:02:52.840",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30900",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-02T15:03:07.837",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-02T14:48:05.187",
"last_editor_user_id": "3010",
"owner_user_id": "12138",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "What does ゆいって mean?",
"view_count": 237
} | [
{
"body": "ゆい is a girl's first name. Yui.\n\nって is a colloquial topic marker similar to は. It's the subject of a question\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/15004/difference-\nbetween-%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6-and-%E3%81%AF-as-topic-marker) if you wanna read\nmore about it.\n\n> 振り返ってみると、ゆいって今まで何の部活もやってこなかったもんねー。 \n> Looking back on it, Yui (or \"you\" if the listener is Yui) didn't do any\n> after school clubs up until now, did she (you).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-02T14:25:31.590",
"id": "30901",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.157",
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"owner_user_id": "3010",
"parent_id": "30900",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "I don't know if this sentence was obtained from a K-On! episode on purpose,\nbut I wanted to provide some context.\n\nSince this sentence appears in the beginning of Episode 1, we can safely say\nthat the conversation is between Nodoka and Yui, who are discussing how late\nit is already and yet Yui hasn't picked a school club:\n\n> 和{のどか}： はああ、こうやってニートが出来上がっていくのねー。\n>\n> Sigh... you're going to be a NEET.\n>\n> **唯{ゆい}** ： はっ！ 部活やってないだけでニート！？\n>\n> What! I'm going to be a NEET just because I'm not in a club!?\n>\n> 和： 振り返ってみると、 **ゆいって** 今まで何の部活もやってこなかったもんねー。\n>\n> Looking back, you've never been in a club.\n>\n> (English translations modified from subtitles in the link below.)\n\nAs you can see above, ゆい is the bolded name. As for って、@Ash seems to have it\ncovered.\n\nThe dialogue starts at around 04:15 here:\n<https://kissanime.to/Anime/K-On/Episode-001?id=26500>\n\nThe transcript can be found here:\n<http://animetranscripts.wikispaces.com/K-ON!+%28Japanese%29+%3E+01.+%E5%BB%83%E9%83%A8%EF%BC%81>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-02T15:03:07.837",
"id": "30904",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-02T15:03:07.837",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11849",
"parent_id": "30900",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 30900 | 30901 | 30901 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30909",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm contrasting Yu-gi-oh cards in English and Japanese so that I can\nunderstand the underlying grammar idea.\n\nThis is the original (for the card \"F.H.D\") and the translation:\n\n> このカードは融合召喚でしか特殊召喚できない. This card can only be special summoned with a fusion\n> summon.\n\nI tried a lot to find on the web the explanation and more examples of this\ngrammar topic, but in two days I've had no luck. Can somebody help me?\n\n(Is there some kind of secret to finding Japanese grammar explanations? I\ntried so many wordings for the research, opened a lot of websites, but it\nfeels like I'm looking after something that doesn't exist on the web).\n\nThank you all for the help!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-02T14:52:20.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30902",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-02T23:34:26.807",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12422",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"usage"
],
"title": "What construction is this? \"でしか~できない\"",
"view_count": 222
} | [
{
"body": "Watch this video by learn japanese from zero.. he explains it very well.\n\n<https://youtu.be/idbZn4F9Q5A>\n\nIts not my video and Im not claiming ownership ^^",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-02T22:06:33.483",
"id": "30908",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-02T22:06:33.483",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "12329",
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},
{
"body": "「でしか」is simply the で particle combined with the しか particle.\n\nThe で particle here indicates an instrument or method used to carry out the\nmain action (特殊召喚 in this case). It can be roughly translated as \"with\" or\n\"using\". Thus,「融合召喚で」can be translated to \"using fusion summon\" or something\nsimilar.\n\nThe しか particle means \"only\". It can be added onto other particles as well, in\nthe same way は can be combined with others, producing compound particles like\nには or では. When using しか, the final verb must be put into the negative, which\nexplains why できない is used rather than the regular できる.\n\nPutting these two together, we get 「でしか～ない」, which we can translate as \"only\nusing\".\n\n> このカードは融合召喚でしか特殊召喚できない。 \n> This card can be special summoned only using fusion summon.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-02T23:34:26.807",
"id": "30909",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9749",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 30902 | 30909 | 30909 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "37156",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "# English\n\nToday I've came across the expression 鼻の下を伸ばす/ 鼻の下が長い and had to look up its\nmeaning.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/rvMPn.jpg)\n\nOther web dictionaries have different meanings, like to be soft on women, to\nbe spooney, and similar other meanings.\n\nSo my question is, how are these meanings connected to the human face, or\nwhere did the expression originate from? All I can think of is a creepy big\nsmile.\n\n# 和訳\n\n今日、「鼻の下を伸ばす/鼻の下が長い」という表現を初めて見たので、辞書で調べました。\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/rvMPn.jpg)\n\nネット上の他の辞書では少し違って、\"to be soft on women\" や \"to be spooney\" みたいな感じの意味が書かれていました。\n\nこれらの意味は人間の顔にどう関係していて、何に由来しているのですか？私には不気味なニンマリとした顔しか想像できません。",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-02T19:38:12.063",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30905",
"last_activity_date": "2017-03-08T12:37:08.867",
"last_edit_date": "2017-03-08T12:37:08.867",
"last_editor_user_id": "20095",
"owner_user_id": "10083",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"expressions"
],
"title": "Etymology of 鼻の下を伸ばす / 「鼻の下を伸ばす」の語源",
"view_count": 1308
} | [
{
"body": "> <http://hyogen.info/word/5564868> ....\n> 鼻の下が伸びてデレデレした締りのない顔で、常に異性との戯（たわむ）れを求めているさま。鼻の下が間延びしていて、緊張感のない顔つき。\n\nA few pages that I checked (see above) explain that \"elongated under-nose\"\nnaturally shows lack of seriousness, fortitude, self-restraint, ... .\n\nThis made more sense when I realized that it is the opposite of \"keep[ing] a\nstiff upper lip\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-03T00:30:24.540",
"id": "37156",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-03T00:47:30.547",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-03T00:47:30.547",
"last_editor_user_id": "16344",
"owner_user_id": "16344",
"parent_id": "30905",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 30905 | 37156 | 37156 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What's the phonetic difference between toraianguru (トライアングル, the correct word\nin Japanese) and torayanguru (トラヤングル)? Do they both sound the same and it's\npurely a matter of orthography, or is there some deeper difference?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-02T19:54:05.857",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30906",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-05T16:41:56.290",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12429",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"phonetics"
],
"title": "Why isn't the word for triangle トラヤングル?",
"view_count": 267
} | [
{
"body": "In short, they don't sound the same:\n[ト]{to}[ラ]{ra}[イ]{i}[ア]{a}[ン]{n}[グ]{gu}[ル]{ru} sounds closer to the\npronunciation of the English source term. The `/aia/` vowel combination (as\n`/a i a/`) makes a clear analog of the English `/aia/` pronunciation (as `/aɪ\næ/` for the `i` and `a` in the middle of _tr **ia** ngle_).\n\nMeanwhile, [ト]{to}[ラ]{ra}[ヤ]{ya}[ン]{n}[グ]{gu}[ル]{ru} has no `/ai/` combination\nat all, and doesn't sound as close to the English term.\n\n(Musings: rather than [ト]{to}[ラ]{ra}[ヤ]{ya}[ン]{n}[グ]{gu}[ル]{ru}, a closer\nphonetic match might be [ト]{to}[ラ]{ra}[イ]{i}[エ]{e}[ン]{n}[グ]{gu}[ル]{ru}.)",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-02T22:03:20.830",
"id": "30907",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-02T22:03:20.830",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5229",
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},
{
"body": "A part of the reason is nontransparent transcriptions are generally not\napproved in Japanese. The word _triangle_ obviously splits up into _tri_ +\n_angle_ , thus we favor the spelling トライ{tri} + アングル{angle}, which reminds us\nof the original breakpoint. If English _triangle_ should sound トラヤングル (while\nit doesn't to me), I don't think much people write it directly under today's\nconvention.\n\nThe rule holds true even if syllable linking occurs, such as: ログ{log}イン{in},\nキック{kick}オフ{off}, ポップ{pop}アップ{up} etc. There are indeed some usages in\nblogosphere that like\n[ホッテントリ](http://d.hatena.ne.jp/keyword/%A5%DB%A5%C3%A5%C6%A5%F3%A5%C8%A5%EA)\n\"hot entry\" or プラギン \"plugin\", but they're all intended geekish slangs.\n\nIn [this post](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18878/7810) @istrasci has\nsuggested, you can see some exceptions like パイナップル{pineapple} and\nラインナップ{lineup} (and ランナウェイ{runaway}, ワンナウト{one out} etc.), yet they're only\nallowed in _n + vowel_ environment.\n\n**PS** \nI don't know if this is trivial enough, but, purely from Japanese standpoint,\nトライアングル and トラヤングル would not sound the same. The former is seven morae long,\nthe latter six.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-05T16:32:39.543",
"id": "30968",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-05T16:41:56.290",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:48.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "30906",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 30906 | null | 30907 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 6,
"body": "I have been learning the verb list for the N4 exam but I do not know how to\ntell the group of a verb. Until now I have memorized them by heart.\nNevertheless I still have trouble telling the group of a verb because I can't\nmemorize them all. I wondered whether there is a systematic method of knowing\nthe group of a verb. Could you help me with that?\n\nAccording to my textbook:\n\n * いきます belongs to group I\n * ねます belongs to group II\n * きます belongs to group III",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-03T02:16:51.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30910",
"last_activity_date": "2022-10-16T18:27:16.203",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-03T14:35:11.743",
"last_editor_user_id": "6820",
"owner_user_id": "10904",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs"
],
"title": "How can you divide verbs into conjugation groups easily?",
"view_count": 2343
} | [
{
"body": "Japanese verbs can be divided into three groups (godan verbs, ichidan verbs\nand irregular verbs). Nevertheless, the -ます form is not the best to tell them\napart.\n\n* * *\n\nGodan verbs (Group I) ends in く、ぐ、う、ぶ、る、ぬ、つ、む、す. Examples are:\n行｛い｝く、泳｛およ｝ぐ、買｛か｝う、遊｛あそ｝ぶ、上｛あ｝がる、死｛し｝ぬ、待｛ま｝つ、読｛よ｝む、話｛はな｝す. There is some\noverlapping with verb ending in る.I mean that you have to learn the groups of\nverbs ending in る because 帰{かえ}る is a godan but 変｛か｝える is ichidan.\n\n* * *\n\nIchidan verbs (group II) can be divided in two groups (上一段{かみいちだん} and\n下一段{しもいちだん}) that is verbs ending in -いる (上｛かみ｝, the name is 上 because if you\ndraw あいうえお vertically い is above え) and -える (下｛しも｝). \nExamples are: 寝{ね}る, 食 _べる_ , 起 _きる_. Very often the え/いる part is in hiragana\n(寝る is an exception to that).\n\n* * *\n\nIrregular verbs (Group III) are really easy, there are two irregulars verbs する\nand 来｛く｝る.",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-03T03:19:46.570",
"id": "30912",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-03T07:33:54.097",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-03T07:33:54.097",
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"owner_user_id": "4216",
"parent_id": "30910",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "You don't need to know what 'group' a verb is in. That's a completely abstract\nway to think about verbs that is just a made up construct used to explain\nthings in an academic setting.\n\nIt really slows you down if you have to stop mid sentence to think about what\n'group' a verb is in.\n\nInstead you want to be able to recognize it on the subconscious level and be\nable to spit out the correct conjugation **without thinking** about it at all.\n\nJapanese is an extremely regular language so this is fairly easy to achieve.\nIt takes some work but the general gist of it is:\n\nThere are several different sounds verbs can end In\n\nる、す、む、く、ぐ、ぬ、つ、う、ぶ\n\nAnd it among the ru verbs there is a separate pattern when there is an 'e'\nsound before the 'ru' like える.\n\nYou don't ever need to think about which groups these are in. Forget about it.\nIt's just not helpful. The easiest way to acquire the natural ability to\nconjugate verbs without even thinking about which group they are in is to\nmemorize all the conjugations for each of those verbs endings for at least 3\ndifferent verbs of each ending. Once you've done it for 3 different verbs with\nthat ending the pattern crystallizes and you begin to internalize it and start\nusing it naturally without thinking about it. Here's a list of [all the major\njapanese verb conjugations](http://www.verbsmash.com)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-03T03:32:48.743",
"id": "30913",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-03T03:32:48.743",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "12106",
"parent_id": "30910",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I wanted to add on to 変幻出没's post by clarifying the Group I (godan) verb\nexceptions - not only do they end in る, **they all end in える and いる, but are\nactually Group I rather than Group II (ichidan)**.\n\n(Not to say that Japanese should be studied purely for the JLPT, but this\ninformation is relevant to your N4 studies: there are a finite number of Group\nI exceptions you need to know for your test.) **JLPT or not** , most of the\nbasic ones are in the following picture: <http://www.kanji-\nlink.com/docs/en_gram_n5_verb_groups.pdf>\n\n> There are 10 exceptions listed at the bottom of the picture.\n>\n> 6 of them are definitely at N5 level: 帰る 要る 切る 知る 入る 走る.\n>\n> Currently I am studying for N4, and so far out of the other 4 I only know\n> that 喋る is at N4 level.\n>\n> Of course, it is impossible to predict which words will appear and which\n> definitely won't appear, so feel free to study them all.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-03T08:14:13.987",
"id": "30916",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-03T08:14:13.987",
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"score": 6
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"body": "First, Group III is the easiest to devide because 来{く}る and する are the only\nverbs that belong to it. These verbs have each irregular conjugation as you\nprobably know. \n\n* * *\n\nThen, if the verb ends with another than ''る'', it belongs to Group I. \nFor example, you can tell which group 行{い}く belongs to, because it ends with\n''く'' which is another than ''る''. Yes, ''行く'' belongs to Group I. \n\n* * *\n\nNext, I'll tell about verbs that end with ''る''. \nYou have to care the previous vowel to ''る''. \nFor example, let's watch a verb ''乗{の}る''. This verb can be written ''noru''\nin the alphabet, then the previous vowel to ''る'' is ''o''. \nIf the previous vowel is '' _a_ '', '' _u_ '', or '' _o_ '', the verb belongs\nto Group I. \n\n* * *\n\nIt's a difficult case for you when the verb ends with ''る'' and the previous\nvowel to ''る'' is '' _-i_ '' or '' _-e_ '', e.g. 走{はし}る hash _iru_ , 食{た}べる\ntab _eru_ , and 寝{ね}る n _eru_. \nMost verbs that end with ''i-る'' or ''e-る'' belong to Group II, so it's easier\nto memorize verbs that belong to Group I in spite of its feature. \n \n\nIt has been said by rhyaeris, I will mention them again. \nThe verbs as follows are Group I, however you can't tell which group they\nbelong to only by their dictionary forms. \nI dare to give all verbs that I can remember, so there would be some\nunfamiliar verbs for you. \n \n- 走{はし}る \n- 入{はい}る \n- 要{い}る いる{LH} (居{い}る belongs to Group II. いる{LH}) \n- 煎{い}る いる{HL} \n- 帰{かえ}る かえる{HLL} (変{か}える belongs to Group II. かえる{LHH}) \n- しゃべる (It is similar to 食{た}べる, but they belong to another group each other.) \n- 滑{すべ}る \n- 減{へ}る へる{LH} (経{へ}る belongs to Group II. へる{HL}) \n- 知{し}る \n- 切{き}る きる{HL} (着{き}る belongs to Group II. きる{LH}) \n- 散{ち}る \n- 蹴{け}る \n- 練{ね}る ねる{HL} (寝{ね}る belongs to Group II. ねる{LH}) \n- 限{かぎ}る \n- 交{ま}じる/混{ま}じる (It's the intransitive verb of 交ぜる/混ぜる that belongs to Group II.) \n- 過{よ}ぎる (It has a little similar meaning to 過ぎる and すぎる and よぎる is written in the same kanji, however the two belong to different group from each other.) \n- 焦{あせ}る \n- 競{せ}る \n- 照{て}る \n- 火照{ほて}る \n- かじる \n- 茂{しげ}る \n- いじる \n- いびる \n- なじる \n- うねる \n- くねる (It is usually seen in ''曲がりくねる'')\n\nMemorizing these verbs, you can tell that 走{はし}ります and 走{はし}った are correct,\nnot *走{はし}ます and *走{はし}た, 食{た}べます and 食{た}べた are correct not *食{た}べります and\n*食{た}べった because 食べる isn't in the list above though it ends '' _e-る_ ''.",
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"body": "I've learned from different textbook approaches and from living in Japan on a\nlanguage exchange I came up with the following for myself:\n\n 1. **Does it end with る**\n * **No?** _Then it's group 1_\n * **Yes?** _Could be group 1 or 2_\n\nIf it ends with る then you'll simply have to look it up to see how its\nconjugated. Use your textbook or an online Japanese verb.\n\nAlso, I always thought of it roughly as:\n\n**group 1 conjugation**\n\n * consonant + ～います \n * あるく to あるきます \n * aruk ~~u~~ to aruk _imasu_\n\nAfter a while you'll, through repetition and exposure, _just know_ the correct\nsound of a verb. Good luck!",
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"body": "* **Step 1:** single **漢字 + え/い + る: 一段**\n * **Step 2:** one mora single **漢字 + る: 一段**\n * Notes \n * There are only around 90 of verbs following this pattern, and most of them compound verbs of 見る and 出る, see the list below\n * This rule was pointed out by Weijun Zhou in comments\n * **Step 3:** all other are **五段**\n\n**LIST OF ONE MORA ICHIDAN VERBS**\n\n> 相似る あいにる to resemble each other, to resemble one another v1 vi\n>\n> 相見る・逢い見る あいみる to face v1 vi\n>\n> 仰ぎ見る・仰見る・あおぎ見る あおぎみる to look upwards, to look up v1 vt\n>\n> 甘く見る あまくみる to not take seriously, to take lightly v1\n>\n> 現われ出る あらわれでる to appear v1\n>\n> 射る いる to shoot (arrow, bolt, dart) v1 vt\n>\n> 居る いる to be (of animate objects), to exist \n> to stay(after the -te form of a verb) verb indicating continuing action or\n> state (i.e. to be ..ing, to have been ..ing) aux-v uk v1 vi\n>\n> 鋳る いる to cast, to mint, to coin v1 vt\n>\n> 癒る いる to calm down uk v1 vi\n>\n> 色眼鏡で見る いろめがねでみる to look at things from a biased viewpoint (biassed) v1\n>\n> 浮び出る・浮かび出る・うかび出る うかびでる to surface v1 vi\n>\n> 浮かれ出る・浮れ出る うかれでる to go out in a merry mood v1 vi\n>\n> 浮き出る うきでる to rise to the surface, to surface \n> to stand out (e.g. against a background) v1 vi\n>\n> 打ち見る・打見る うちみる to glance at, to look at v1\n>\n> 訴え出る うったえでる to lodge a complaint v1\n>\n> 打って出る うってでる to launch oneself upon, to make one's debut v1\n>\n> 生まれ出る うまれでる to come into being, to be born v1 vi\n>\n> 得る える to get, to earn, to acquire, to procure, to gain, to secure, to\n> attain, to obtain, to win \n> to understand, to comprehend \n> to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment), to get (ill)to be able\n> to ..., can ... aux-v v1 vt\n>\n> おっ魂消る・押っ魂消る おったまげる to be very surprised, to be flabbergasted uk v1 vi\n>\n> 躍り出る・おどり出る おどりでる to jump (e.g. to first place), to spring out v1 vi\n>\n> 垣間見る かいまみる to take a peep at, to catch a glimpse of v1 vt\n>\n> 顔から火が出る かおからひがでる to be extremely embarrassed, to burn with shame v1\n>\n> 偏り見る かたよりみる to show partiality v1\n>\n> 勝ち得る かちえる to achieve, to win, to gain, to attain v1 vt\n>\n> 着る きる to wear (in modern Japanese, from the shoulders down), to put on \n> to bear (guilt, etc.) v1 vt\n>\n> 下卑る げびる to become vulgar, to coarsen v1\n>\n> 心得る こころえる to know, to understand, to be aware of, to regard as, to take for \n> to consent, to agree v1 vt\n>\n> 小洒落る こじゃれる to be somewhat stylish, to be somewhat chic col v1 vi\n>\n> 込み居る こみいる to push in, to be crowded v1 vi\n>\n> 差し出る・差出る さしでる to be forward, to stick one's nose into, to meddle, to be\n> intrusive \n> to jut out, to protude, to overhang v1 vi\n>\n> 時化る しける to be stormy or choppy (sea) \n> to go through hard times, to be broke \n> to be gloomy, to be glum uk v1 vi\n>\n> 湿気る しける・しっける to be damp, to be moist v1 v5r vi\n>\n> 下に見る したにみる to look down on, to despise, to condescend v1\n>\n> しみ出る・染み出る・滲み出る しみでる to ooze, to exude, to percolate, to soak through v1 vi\n>\n> 〆る しめる to total, to sum v1 vt\n>\n> しゃしゃり出る しゃしゃりでる to come uninvited, to crash (a party), to butt in v1\n>\n> 洒落る しゃれる to dress stylishly \n> to joke, to play on words v1 vi\n>\n> 悄気る しょげる to be dispirited, to be dejected, to be disheartened, to lose heart\n> uk v1 vi\n>\n> 知り得る しりえる to acquire knowledge v1\n>\n> じろりと見る じろりとみる to throw a glance v1\n>\n> 進み出る すすみでる to step forward, to volunteer v1 vi\n>\n> 滑り出る すべりでる to slip out v1 vi\n>\n> 退治る たいじる to exterminate, to eliminate, to eradicate, to suppress v1 vt\n>\n> 魂消る たまげる to be astonished, to be startled, to be appalled uk v1 vi\n>\n> 突き出る つきでる to project, to stick out, to stand out v1 vi\n>\n> 出来る できる to be able (in a position) to do, to be up to the taskto be ready,\n> to be completed \n> to be made, to be built \n> to be good at, to be permitted (to do) \n> to become intimate, to take up (with somebody) \n> to grow, to be raised \n> to become pregnant uk v1 vi\n>\n> 出る でる to leave, to exit, to go out, to come out, to get out \n> to leave (on a journey), to depart, to start out, to set out \n> to move forward \n> to come to, to get to, to lead to, to reach \n> to appear, to come out, to emerge, to surface, to come forth, to turn up, to\n> be found, to be detected, to be discovered, to be exposed, to show, to be\n> exhibited, to be on display \n> to appear (in print), to be published, to be announced, to be issued, to be\n> listed, to come out \n> to attend, to participate, to take part, to enter (an event), to play in, to\n> perform \n> to be stated, to be expressed, to come up, to be brought up, to be raised \n> to sell \n> to exceed, to go over \n> to stick out, to protrude \n> to break out, to occur, to start, to originate \n> to be produced \n> to come from, to be derived from \n> to be given, to get, to receive, to be offered, to be provided, to be\n> presented, to be submitted, to be handed in, to be turned in, to be paid \n> to answer (phone, door, etc.), to get \n> to assume (an attitude), to act, to behave \n> to pick up (speed, etc.), to gain \n> to flow (e.g. tears), to run, to bleed \n> to graduate v1 vi\n>\n> 届け出る とどけでる to report, to notify v1 vt\n>\n> 飛び出る とびでる to project, to protrude, to pop out (e.g. eyes) \n> to jump out, to rush out v1 vi\n>\n> 道化る どうける to jest, to clown (around) v1 vi\n>\n> 流れ出る ながれでる to flow out, to stream out, to pour out, to gush forth, to leak,\n> to ooze out, to drift away v1\n>\n> 名乗り出る なのりでる to introduce oneself, to announce oneself (e.g. as the person\n> sought), to come forward (e.g. as a witness, with a claim, etc.) v1 vi\n>\n> 並み居る なみいる to sit in a row, to be present (and lined up) v1 vi\n>\n> 滲み出る・にじみ出る にじみでる to exude (e.g. sweat), to ooze, to seep out \n> to reveal itself (of emotions, etc.) v1 vi\n>\n> 若気る にやける to be effeminate, to be a fopto break into a smile, to grin col uk\n> v1 vi\n>\n> 似る にる to resemble, to look like, to take after \n> to be similar (in status, condition, etc.), to be close, to be alike, to be\n> like v1 vi\n>\n> 煮る にる to boil, to simmer, to stew, to seethe v1 vt\n>\n> 抜き出る・抜出る ぬきでる to surpass, to outdo, to excel, to stand out, to be\n> outstanding, to be preeminent \n> to tower above (the surrounding landscape) v1 vi\n>\n> 抜け出る ぬけでる to slip out, to steal out \n> to excel, to stand out v1 vi\n>\n> 盗み見る ぬすみみる to steal a glance, to intercept and read (e.g. other people's\n> email) v1\n>\n> 願い出る ねがいでる to apply for v1 vt\n>\n> 寝る ねる to lie down \n> to go to bed, to lie in bed \n> to sleep (lying down) \n> to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse) \n> to lie idle v1 vi\n>\n> 逃れ出る のがれでる to scuttle off, to take flight v1\n>\n> 望み見る のぞみみる to gaze into the distance v1 vt\n>\n> 惚気る のろける to play up, to speak fondly of, to praise one's spouse uk v1 vi\n>\n> 這い出る・はい出る はいでる to crawl out of, to creep out of v1 vi\n>\n> 走り出る はしりでる to run out (e.g. of the room) v1\n>\n> 跳ね出る はねでる to spring or rush out v1\n>\n> 食み出る はみでる to jut out (of bounds) \n> to be crowded out, to be forced out v1 vi\n>\n> 人妻と寝る ひとづまとねる to sleep with another person's wife v1\n>\n> 干る ひる to dry v1 vi\n>\n> 嚏る ひる to sneeze v1 vt\n>\n> 吹き出る・噴き出る・吹出る・噴出る ふきでる to blow out, to spout out v1 vi\n>\n> 巫山戯る ふざける to joke, to jest, to kid, to josh \n> to make fun of, to laugh at, to play a prank \n> to romp, to gambol, to frolic, to frisk, to mess around, to fool around, to\n> screw around \n> to neck, to make out uk v1 vi\n>\n> 経る へる to pass, to elapse, to go by \n> to pass through, to go through \n> to experience, to go through, to undergo v1 vi\n>\n> 迸しり出る・ほとばしり出る ほとばしりでる to gush out, to gush forth, to effuse v1\n>\n> 罷り出る まかりでる to leave, to withdraw, to appear before v1 vi\n>\n> 老成る ませる・マセる to be precocious, to be mature for one's age, to seem grown-up,\n> to seem mature uk v1 vi\n>\n> 真似る まねる to mimic, to imitate v1 vt\n>\n> 看る みる to look after (often medically), to take care of v1 vt\n>\n> 見る みる to see, to look, to watch, to view, to observe \n> to look over, to look on, to assess, to examine, to judgeto look after, to\n> keep an eye on, to take care ofto view (e.g. flowers, movie)to try, to try\n> out, to test \n> to see that..., to find that... aux-v uk v1 vt\n>\n> 診る みる to examine (medically) v1 vt\n>\n> 廻る・回る みる to go around v1\n>\n> 群れ居る・群居る むれいる to crowd in, to come together v1 vi\n>\n> 申し出る もうしでる to report to, to tell, to suggest, to submit, to request, to make\n> an offer, to come forward with information v1 vt\n>\n> 萌え出る もえでる to sprout, to bud v1 vi\n>\n> 夢見る ゆめみる to dream (of) v1 vt\n>\n> 世に出る よにでる to become famous \n> to go out into the world, to make one's way in the world, to appear, to be\n> published v1\n>\n> 分かれ出る わかれでる to branch out, to diverge, to radiate v1\n>\n> 湧き出る・わき出る・涌き出る・沸き出る わきでる to gush forth v1 vi",
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"body": "I was randomly browsing [this\npage](http://www.comico.jp/detail.nhn?titleNo=58&articleNo=10) and came across\nthis sentence:\n\n> 砂糖{さとう}は作｛つく｝るものしだいで使用｛しよう｝します。\n\nThis recipe happens to have a French equivalent\n\n> * En fonction des recettes, on utilise du sucre.\n> * Depending to recipes, we use sugar. (literal translation)\n> * In some recipes we may use sugar. (A little more glossed)\n>\n\nso I can say for sure what was the intended meaning.\n\nBut, what bothers me is that I have always been told that 次第で（は） is always\nfollowed by something that will change -- generally an increase/decrease, or a\ndecision/choice. But here I have the feeling that 使用します is neither a choice or\na decision it is merely a prescription: the recipe tells you to do that.\n\nI think that the sentence can be rewritten (with minor changes in meaning) to:\n\n> 砂糖は作るもの/料理によって、使用されます。\n\nMy question is the following:\n\n * Are によって and 次第で interchangeable in this context?\n * If yes what is the most natural option?\n * Is there any difference between しだいで and 次第で, the former seeming a little softer and childish (if at all I can consider しだい as childish)?",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
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],
"title": "Why 次第 instead of によって in this very example?",
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"body": "I feel that generally speaking ~によって and ~次第で have a very similar meaning. On\n[this](http://lang-8.com/114327/journals/693226) page you can see a post which\ndiscusses these where someone comments that ~次第で has a more stiff/formal\nfeeling. While I wouldn't say that ~によって is exactly the most informal word (It\nexpresses a higher level concept that I don't think children would use too\noften), I agree that ”次第で” feels stiff.\n\nIt is also good to note that 次第 has other meanings such as \"circumstances\" and\nyou can even see the example sentence \"次第によっては” in\n[this](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/31557/meaning/m0u/%E6%AC%A1%E7%AC%AC/)\ndictionary entry.\n\nThe explanation of 次第で in the sense we are talking about is described as\n\"それによって決まる様子\", which again confirms these two are very similar.\n\nSo in summary I don't see any major difference here.\n\nEdit: Apparently this answer wasn't sufficient so I am adding more details.\n\nThere is a specific thread about this talk on Japanese subreddit\n[here](https://www.reddit.com/r/LearnJapanese/comments/3sd7jx/%E6%AC%A1%E7%AC%AC%E3%81%A0%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%E3%81%AE%E9%81%95%E3%81%84_to_depend_on/?).\n\nHere is a key part of that thread:\n\n> ... 次第 can only be used with planned sequences and cannot be used in any\n> situation implying any kind of surprise or unplanned sequence or be used in\n> the past tense. 次第 and による overlap in the \"depending on X\" meaning but による\n> has additional meanings of \"cause\" or \"source\". When using these forms with\n> the \"depending\" meaning. 次第, as a sino-Japanese word, carries a little more\n> formality than the pure Japanese による and thus would naturally appear more in\n> formal conversations and in writing.\n\nHowever after doing this research I still feel that in the example given in\nthis question, there is no major difference.",
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"body": "> Q1: Is there any difference between しだいで and 次第で, the former seeming a\n> little softer and childish (if at all I can consider しだい as childish)?\n\nSometimes writing in kanji is called 閉じる and writing in hiragana is called 開く.\nThere are no strict official rules on how to write something in kanji or in\nkana. This decision is difficult even for native speakers so there are several\nguides about this written by editors. \nBut, there are some tendencies, and it is possible to change how readers feel.\nWith a lot of kanji, a document would become official and hard.\n\nGrammatically, しだい has two types: a noun and a suffix. In general, a noun\ntends to be written in kanji, and a suffix tends to be written in hiragana.\n\n> 事の次第\n>\n> 金しだい\n\nBut, as I said, this is not a strict rule, and you may choose either. \nAt least, it does not look childish in this case.\n\n> Q2: Are によって and 次第で interchangeable in this context?\n\nBefore that, I would like to explain the difference between によって and によっては.\n\nWell, I talked with a few natives, and they agreed, but I only found a few\nChinese sites explaining this.\n<http://www.360doc.com/content/13/0704/17/6753995_297640602.shtml>\n\n> 国によって生活習慣が違う。(Each country has its own customs.)\n\nIn this case, all countries are different in their own way. This means\n\"Depending on.\"\n\n> 国によっては豚肉を食べない。(There are some countries whose people do not eat pork.)\n\nIn this case, the other countries are the same. This means \"Only in a certain\ncondition.\"\n\nSo, if I say,\n\n> 国によっては生活習慣が違う。\n\nit implies some countries have different customs (, but others are the same).\n\nSo, to me,\n\n> 砂糖は作るものによって、使用されます。\n\nsounds a little bit strange.\n\n> 砂糖は作るものによっては、使用されます。\n\nsounds good because there are only two options: to use or not to use.\n\nTo me, 次第で can be used in both two meanings above.\n\n> 砂糖は作るもの次第で使用します。\n\nIf there are a lot of options, it is natural to use によって.\n\n> 砂糖は作るものによって、量が変わります。(The amount of sugar to use depends on what to make.)\n>\n> 砂糖は作るものによっては、量が変わります。(In some cases, the amount of sugar to use may change.)\n\nThese are interchangeable with examples below respectively.\n\n> 砂糖は作るもの次第で、量が変わります。\n>\n> 砂糖は作るもの次第では、量が変わります。\n\n(At least, to me.)\n\n> Q3: 使用します or 使用されます。\n\nI think these three are all grammatically ok.\n\n> 砂糖は料理に使用します。\n>\n> 砂糖を料理に使用します。\n>\n> 砂糖は料理に使用されます。",
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"body": "### によって vs 次第で\n\nThere are many ways to describe the difference between them. Let me give a\npicture first.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/w7bt3.png)\n\n_X_ **次第** could be explained like \"depending on how _X_ acts/becomes\", or\ntypically the cause-effect relationship is unknown, or by chance, or the\nresult that is brought about is not clear from the first impression of _X_ or\nhard to explain beforehand, or the event causer has free will so that you\ncouldn't know before the next move, and so on.\n\nMeanwhile, _X_ **による** could be explained like \"depending on what _X_ falls\nunder\", implying each type of _X_ automatically evokes each result, or you\nalready have roughly grasped the rule of correspondence between _X_ and what\nhappens, or you can easily recognize the nature of _X_ or classify what kind\nof _X_ it is, and so on.\n\nOf course, in most ordinary situations, the two can be used interchangeably\nbecause things are often multi-faceted; they could hardly be as different as\n_he hit you in the jaw with his fist_ or _you hit him in the fist with your\njaw_. But sometimes you cannot swap them:\n\n> ○ 誰に味方するかはあなた **次第だ** 。 \n> × 誰に味方するかはあなた **による** 。\n\nThe reason why you can't use による is because あなた (2nd person singular) always\nindicates the only person, you're not able to classify _you_ into \"what type\nof _you_ \". On Google.co.jp,\n[\"かはあなた次第\"](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%22%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AF%E3%81%82%E3%81%AA%E3%81%9F%E6%AC%A1%E7%AC%AC%22&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&hl=ja#safe=off&hl=ja&q=%22%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AF%E3%81%82%E3%81%AA%E3%81%9F%E6%AC%A1%E7%AC%AC%22%20-%E4%BF%A1%E3%81%98%E3%82%8B)†\nhas at least 425,000 hits, while\n[\"かはあなたによる\"](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%22%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AF%E3%81%82%E3%81%AA%E3%81%9F%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8B%22&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&hl=ja)\nand\n[\"かはあなたによります\"](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%22%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AF%E3%81%82%E3%81%AA%E3%81%9F%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%82%8A%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99%22&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&hl=ja)\nadd up to only 15 altogether.\n\n> ○ 場合 **によって** は抹殺することも許される \n> ？ 場合 **次第で** は抹殺することも許される\n\n場合 typically stands for \"categorized cases\", thus it doesn't go well with\nuncategorized conditions of 次第. Again, Google returns 11,900,000 hits for\n[\"場合によって\"](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%22%E5%A0%B4%E5%90%88%E3%81%AB%E3%82%88%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%22&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&hl=ja),\nbut only 4,890 for\n[\"場合次第\"](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%22%E5%A0%B4%E5%90%88%E6%AC%A1%E7%AC%AC%22&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&hl=ja),\nwhere most of them are seemingly using the word as a synonym of 状況\n\"situation\".\n\n### Now in this context...\n\n> 砂糖{さとう}は作｛つく｝るものしだいで使用｛しよう｝します。\n\nIf you're sure that it means:\n\n> * Depending to recipes, we use sugar. (literal translation)\n> * In some recipes we may use sugar. (A little more glossed)\n>\n\nthen, I'm afraid it's not the best choice of words.\n\nIf there's a filler question,\n\n> 砂糖は作るもの（ ）使用します。\n\nI'd prefer:\n\n> によっては = 次第では > 次第で > によって (order of preference)\n\nI'd like to have は because 作るもの（料理） suggests a wide variety of choices, while\n砂糖を使用する is merely a yes or no. This situation gives a strong motivation for\nusing the contrastive は, and greatly discourages using non-は versions because\nwe expect a statement about how it changes directly after these phrases. The\nexamples below are much better:\n\n> 砂糖は作るもの **しだいで** 使ったり使わなかったりします。 \n> 砂糖は作るもの **によって** 使ったり使わなかったりします。\n\nAlthough I can get the meaning of the original sentence with 次第で/によって, in\nprinciple they're more likely to be used for other situations.\n\n> 砂糖は作るものしだいで使用します。 _How (much) you use sugar depends on what you make._\n>\n> 砂糖は作るものによって使用します。 _What kind of sugar you use depends on what you make._\n\nBy the way, come to think of what you wrote:\n\n> _I have always been told that 次第で（は） is always followed by something that\n> will change -- generally an increase/decrease, or a decision/choice._\n\nI think this is true for によって too, so I don't think it would guide you on when\nyou should use which one.\n\n### 次第 vs しだい\n\nI think it's somewhat related to this question I answered a while ago: [Why\nare a high proportion of basic Japanese words written in\nhiragana?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24068/7810) Using hiragana\ninstead of kanji here isn't necessarily for softening or making it childlike,\nbut possibly because they think it's grammaticalized enough.\n\nThis \"depends on; up to\" sense of しだい（で）, as well as \"gradually\" しだいに, is\nclearly more used in hiragana than other uses — the original noun for \"order,\nprocess, procedure\" or 形式名詞 one for \"what makes it how it is that; the\nbackground of; the story so far that\" (e.g. 緊急事態につき、お電話差し上げた次第です。) — being\nmore distant from its original meaning.\n\nBut there are no rigid rules, so in this case whether you use kanji or\nhiragana is あなた次第.\n\n* * *\n\n† In this link I manually excluded a keyword 信じる because there are so many\nresults related to a book title \"信じるか信じないかはあなた次第\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-06T07:32:30.450",
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"parent_id": "30918",
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"score": 9
}
]
| 30918 | 30967 | 30967 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30924",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "For example, うなずく has 3 Kanji as follows.\n\n * 頷く \n * 首肯く \n * 肯く\n\nWhy can this single word have 3 Kanji?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-03T13:18:16.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30922",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-05T05:29:40.220",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-05T05:29:40.220",
"last_editor_user_id": "11849",
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "Why can a single word have more than one Kanji?",
"view_count": 343
} | [
{
"body": "The reason for this is related to how Kanji were taken from Chinese. See [this\nlink](http://www.sljfaq.org/afaq/kanji-pronunciation.html) for more\ninformation.\n\nAs time passes, which Kanji are used commonly and for which connotations may\nchange. For example I haven't seen \"首肯く\" commonly (it doesn't come up in the\nconversion list when I hit space bar), but \"肯く\" is more common.\n\nAlso, in some cases there may be subtle, or major, meaning differences between\nthe various Kanji (攻める＝attack physically、責める=attack psychologically)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-03T13:37:57.707",
"id": "30924",
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"score": 5
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| 30922 | 30924 | 30924 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30925",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "あなたのこれと僕のこれをぱくってください。\n\nThis was included as an example sentence in this my [北海道弁辞典]{ほっかいどうべんじてん}. To\nhelp clear up any confusion, the term in question, ぱくる, is equivalent to\n[交換]{こうかん}する, according to the dictionary's 意味{いみ} section. Now, I understand\nthe words, but I'm not sure why これ is used like this. It'd be something like,\n\"Please exchange my this with your this.\" I'm confused on why it's phrased\nlike this and why a different phrasing wasn't used.\n\nUpdate: l'électeur pointed out that this expression would make more sense if\nthere was more than one object on each side. For example, if I had three types\nof candy and you had three crackers, and I proposed lets exchange one of your\ncrackers or one of my candies.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-03T13:33:46.023",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30923",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-04T14:16:43.287",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-04T14:16:43.287",
"last_editor_user_id": "11849",
"owner_user_id": "12154",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Understanding this sentence: あなたのこれと僕のこれをぱくってください。",
"view_count": 184
} | [
{
"body": "This meaning is confusing because in English we really don't modify words like\n\"this\" in the same way. However, if you think of \"僕のこれ\" as a combination of\n\"this\" and \"mine\", it makes more sense. For example, imagine that the person\nis pointing to two objects so it is clear what \"これ” means.\n\nI'd translate this as \"Let's trade this, of yours, with this, of mine\".\n\nThis sort of usage can be seen with other こそあど words like それ.\n\nMake sense?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-03T13:51:09.963",
"id": "30925",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-03T13:58:46.860",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-03T13:58:46.860",
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"owner_user_id": "11825",
"parent_id": "30923",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 30923 | 30925 | 30925 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My understanding of A たとき B is that it is used when B happens after A; A るとき B\nis used when B happens before A. (Related question: [What is the difference\nbetween ～たとき vs ～るとき](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/19332/what-\nis-the-difference-\nbetween-%EF%BD%9E%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A8%E3%81%8D-vs-%EF%BD%9E%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A8%E3%81%8D))\n\nHowever, my understanding fails me when I face **たい** sentences:\n\n> 来月 日本へ (行く / **行った** ) 時、富士山を 見 **たい** です。\n\nMy teacher explained that 行った needs to be used instead of 行く. Why this is the\ncase? It seems to me that one would want to see Mt. Fuji before going to\nJapan. It would be weird to go to Japan first and suddenly want to go to Mt.\nFuji...",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-03T14:45:26.613",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30926",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-03T22:41:09.580",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:43.857",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11849",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tense"
],
"title": "るとき or たとき with たい?",
"view_count": 1257
} | [
{
"body": "First of all the tense in Japanese is different from English, and the verbal\nauxiliary た represents past and completion.\n\nAs your teacher says, \"来月、富士山に行った時、富士山を見たいです\" is natural. I think this た\ndoesn't mean \"past\" but \"completion\". This た can be used for a future thing.\nFor example, 来週の金曜日に、仕事が終わったら、お酒を飲みましょう (Let's drink after work next Friday).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-03T16:25:59.303",
"id": "30928",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-03T22:41:09.580",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-03T22:41:09.580",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "30926",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 30926 | null | 30928 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30929",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How would you response to the \"demo\"? \"I like to drink, but....\" I was\nthinking about: demo... ni? Like \"But... what?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-03T15:59:40.457",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30927",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-03T22:49:15.343",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12435",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Response to \"Watashi wa nomu no ga suki, *demo*....\"",
"view_count": 975
} | [
{
"body": "Japanese people often end sentences in this way in order to avoid giving a\nreason for decisions or actions. This is part of the indirect nature of the\nculture.\n\nHere's an example sentence: 普通｛ふつう｝は肉｛にく｝を食｛た｝べないのですが。。。 \"Normally, I don't\neat meat, but...\"\n\nThe real meaning of this sentence is \"Normally, I don't eat meat, but this\ntime, I will eat meat. I'm also not going to tell you the reason why I am\ndoing this, because either (A) I expect you can infer it from context, (B)\nIt's not important, or (C) I don't want to tell you.\"\n\nJapanese very much allows for \"soft\" sentences like this where large amounts\nof information are left out and the listener is expected to figure it out from\ncontext. That's something you'll have to get used to when interacting with\nJapanese people. It's a big part of the culture.\n\nThat is to say, most Japanese people would simply not press the issue, and the\nconversation would end here.\n\nFor your question specifically, if you are friends with the person or you\nreally want to find out the reasons behind their decisions, the simplest\nresponse would be でも・・・何{なに}？ Quite literally meaning, \"But... what?\"\n\nIn my experience, however, assuming I am friends with the person and I want to\nget some more information, the more common response would be to finish the\nperson's sentence for them. でも・・・今回{こんかい}は飲{の}まない？\"But this time, you're not\ndrinking?\" This keeps the conversation going if you really want to probe for\nthe underlying reason.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-03T16:29:45.883",
"id": "30929",
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"owner_user_id": "12436",
"parent_id": "30927",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 30927 | 30929 | 30929 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30931",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a conversation, I wanted to say:\n\n> **A** does not affect **B**.\n\nWe'd been discussing **A** and **B** for awhile, and I said:\n\n> (1) **A** は **B** を影響{えいきょう}しない。\n\nI was stopped and told to say:\n\n> (2) **A** は **B** に影響されない。\n\nthen she mentioned that I also could say:\n\n> (3) **A** は **B** に影響しない。\n\nI'm really puzzled about that exchange. Maybe I completely misunderstood her\nJapanese.\n\nCan #2 and #3 ever have the same meaning?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-03T16:29:53.580",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30930",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-03T16:52:33.413",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-03T16:37:22.353",
"last_editor_user_id": "10547",
"owner_user_id": "10547",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-に",
"particle-は",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "Can \"AはBに影響されない\" and \"AはBに影響しない\" ever have the same meaning?",
"view_count": 109
} | [
{
"body": "\"A does not affect B\" is translated as \"AはBに影響しない\" and \"AはBに影響を与えない\" , so (1)\nis unnatural.\n\n(2) and (3) are different. (2) is translated as \"A isn't affected by B\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-03T16:52:33.413",
"id": "30931",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-03T16:52:33.413",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "30930",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 30930 | 30931 | 30931 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Why does the expression \"impossible for me\" in Japanese have 私には instead of\njust 私は?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-03T23:06:01.053",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30932",
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"owner_user_id": "12084",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-に",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "私には無理です or 私は無理です",
"view_count": 2141
} | [
{
"body": "I think you've answered it yourself: に gives the sense of \"for\".\n\nConsider \"For me, it's impossible\" vs. \"Me, I'm [figuratively] impossible.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-04T00:50:34.333",
"id": "30938",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-04T00:50:34.333",
"last_edit_date": null,
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{
"body": "I am actually not sure if \"僕は無理です” is technically incorrect grammar. I can\nimagine a group of people talking about whether that would ever climb a\nmountain, and one of them says \"僕は。。。。やっぱり無理です”. As \"〜は” can mean \"as for ~\",\nI don't see a major difference in meaning between 僕は and 僕には in this case.\n\nI would be interested to hear from any native speakers to confirm this,\nhowever.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-04T01:09:06.673",
"id": "30939",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-04T01:09:06.673",
"last_edit_date": null,
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{
"body": "私は無理です may be colloquially passable, but is logically incorrect, because you\nare saying “I am impossible” or “I am impossibility.” Clearly you are not\n“impossible” entity. 私には無理です means （そのことを行うのは）私には(私にとっては) 無理（なこと）です‐“It’s\nimpossible (or difficult) for me (to do it), “ and sounds perfect to me.\n\nJapanese language is pretty loose in distinguishing noun and adjective in use\nas compared with other languages. We say 彼は正直(潔白)です. But you don’t say he is\nhonesty (innocence) in English. With that said, I think 私は無理です is still\nawkward.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-04T04:57:10.077",
"id": "30941",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-04T10:06:16.287",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-04T10:06:16.287",
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]
| 30932 | null | 30941 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30937",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I understand the question is asking about whether the workplace uses テプラ or\nネームランド cameras, but what exactly does the 「でしたか」 mean in this circumstance?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-03T23:07:21.103",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30933",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-04T13:54:32.317",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11748",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 「でしたか」 in the sentence「あなたの職場はテプラでしたかネームランドでしたか？」?",
"view_count": 1501
} | [
{
"body": "I looked up Tepra (テプラ) on google images and its a handheld machine makes\nsomething like nameplates on the go. Please correct if I am wrong!\n\nAnyway, this usage of でしたか is as straight-forward as it gets: past tense of です\n+ question particle か. Listing consecutive items using か gives a \" [this] or\n[that]\" list, like in your example.\n\n> あなたの職場はテプラでしたかネームランドでしたか\n\nMore context is definitely needed for this to fully make sense, so I had to\ninfer as to not make a nonsensical statement.\n\n> (Did your workplace use) Tepra or Nameland (nameplate machines)?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-04T00:30:52.047",
"id": "30937",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-04T13:54:32.317",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-04T13:54:32.317",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11589",
"parent_id": "30933",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
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]
| 30933 | 30937 | 30937 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30940",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Google defines both of them as \"beckon\" and Jisho.org seems to define 手招く as\n\"to beckon\" and 招く as a whole lot of things like \"invite\" etc. Does the \"手\"\nsimply indicate a \"hand invite\" of sorts i.e. to beckon exclusively, whereas\n招く can have several different interpretations?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-04T00:10:35.750",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30934",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-04T01:29:23.310",
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"owner_user_id": "12437",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"synonyms"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 手招く and 招く?",
"view_count": 123
} | [
{
"body": "「[手招]{てまね}く」, as the 手 part would suggest, means \"to signal a person using\none's hand to tell that person to come near\". The word, therefore, has a very\nlimited meaning.\n\n「[招]{まね}く」 just means \"to invite\" in general. To 「招く」 a person to a party, you\nmay use the phone, email, snail mail, etc. You probably do not 「手招く」 someone\nto a \"party\" unless you are in the oldest profession in the world.\n\nThus, one could roughly say that 「手招く」 is one kind of 「招く」, but you should not\nuse the two interchangeably at will.\n\nFinally, 「招く」 has a few other meanings, the most important of which is \"to\ncause\" or \"to bring about\".\n\n「[私]{わたし}のヘンテコな[回答]{かいとう}がOPの[誤解]{ごかい}を[招]{まね}いた。」 = \"My odd answer caused the\nOP a misunderstanding.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-04T01:29:23.310",
"id": "30940",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "30934",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
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| 30934 | 30940 | 30940 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30936",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is the question I have; the following sentence is what is causing me\ngrief. I might be overthinking it but I'm not getting anywhere.\n\n> チップの習慣があったほうが、サービスが良くなると思いますか。どうしてですか。\n\nNow, based on my own understanding of this grammar, あったほうが ＝ if you had.\n\nI would translate this sentence as, do you think having a tipping culture\nresults in better service?\n\nIs this a correct translation of this sentence, or am I misunderstanding the\nquestion?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-04T00:15:55.070",
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"owner_user_id": "11312",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Grammar question with verb in past tense plus houga",
"view_count": 174
} | [
{
"body": "Your understanding looks good.\n\nThe 「た」 in 「～～ **た** [方]{ほう}が」 expresses a conditional state, not a past\nevent.\n\nIt is just like how you say in English \"If I had ~~\", \"If there were ~~\", etc.\nYou are not talking about past events when you use these conditionals.\n\nOccasionally, though, you will encounter a situation where a native speaker\nmight use the present tense with 「方が」, but again, that kind of thing would\nhappen in any language.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-04T00:28:14.363",
"id": "30936",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 30935 | 30936 | 30936 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How to say \"choices\" that describes choices given in test questions?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-04T05:42:23.417",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30942",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-04T06:18:35.343",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12438",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How to say choices in Japanese?",
"view_count": 2578
} | [
{
"body": "You can say\n[[選択肢]{せんたくし}](http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E9%81%B8%E6%8A%9E%E8%82%A2+%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89).\n\n> 例: ４つの選択肢の中から正しい答えを選びなさい。 \n> (Choose the right answer from the four options.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-04T05:48:53.947",
"id": "30943",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-02-04T06:18:35.343",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "30942",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "Most of the time, 選択 (せんたく) is used.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-04T05:50:01.490",
"id": "30944",
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| 30942 | null | 30943 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30946",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 日本で英語を教えたい。彼も教えたい。\n>\n> I want to teach English in Japan. He also wants to teach.\n\nBut if I were referring to myself in both sentences and talking about two\ndifferent activities that I want to do:\n\n> 日本で英語を教えたい。(1) **私も** 書道を勉強したい。(2) 書道 **をも** 勉強したい。\n>\n> I want to teach English in Japan. I also want to learn calligraphy.\n\nI'm not sure if (1) is the right way to go because it's like saying, \"Me too\"\nbut I'm not referring to anyone else in the previous sentence. Is (2)\ngrammatically correct? What's the correct way to write the second sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-04T06:06:33.633",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30945",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-11T09:56:22.777",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1346",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"particle-を",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "をも: Is this sentence grammatically correct?",
"view_count": 1335
} | [
{
"body": "You can say:\n\n> 日本で英語を教えたい。書道 **の** 勉強 **も** したい。\n\nwhich literally means \"I want to teach English in Japan. I want to do the\nstudy of calligraphy, too.\"\n\nYou could also say:\n\n> 日本で英語を教えたい。書道 **も** 勉強したい。or 書道 **も** [習]{なら}いたい。\n\nwhere も is replacing を. (書道 **をも** is grammatically correct but sounds\nliterary and maybe a bit archaic.)\n\nYou're right that (1) 私 **も** 書道を勉強したい is like saying \"Someone's learning\ncalligraphy and I want to do that, too.\"",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-04T06:35:22.487",
"id": "30946",
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "30945",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
]
| 30945 | 30946 | 30946 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30950",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What's the difference between these words? I read a lot of explanations in\nvarious books but they aren't clear for me. It says that depending on the\nobject distance, the first, second or third needs to be used. But what does\nthis \"distance\" mean? I cannot understand when I need to use them.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-04T10:33:04.233",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30947",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-06-08T05:16:18.797",
"last_editor_user_id": "15694",
"owner_user_id": "12299",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"demonstratives"
],
"title": "What's the difference between それ、これ and あれ",
"view_count": 5164
} | [
{
"body": "When the speaker is nearer to the thing than the listener, or when the speaker\nis as near as the listener, これ is used. \nWhen the listener is nearer than the speaker, or when only the listener is\nhaving experience of the thing, それ is used. \nNeither is near, あれ is used. \n \nEven if both the speaker and the listener are near to the thing, the speaker\ncan't use これ when the thing is the listener's. \nHowever, if you are using or borrowing the listener's item, you use これ, like\nこの車いいですね. \nIt means that the speaker should use それ when only the listener is using or\nborrowing the speaker's item and the speaker is just looking at the listener.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-04T11:48:59.943",
"id": "30950",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-04T13:22:08.043",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-04T13:22:08.043",
"last_editor_user_id": "11654",
"owner_user_id": "11654",
"parent_id": "30947",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
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| 30947 | 30950 | 30950 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I've heard the じょう being pronounced as some kind of voiceless fricative in\nmultiple works of entertainment, especially in the case of 激情. Is it some kind\nof remnant phoneme from old Japanese or is it just an artistic stylization?\nI'm pretty sure it doesn't appear in the modern standard phonology, or does\nit?\n\n_Examples on YouTube_\n\n * [Example 1](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ur4BkAkR71w&t=2m7s \"Example\")\n\n * [Example 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q3rPyU5VPkc&t=2m13s \"Example2\")",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-04T10:51:10.010",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30948",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-22T21:21:58.930",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-04T14:07:57.180",
"last_editor_user_id": "11849",
"owner_user_id": "4735",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"phonology"
],
"title": "激情 and its pronunciation",
"view_count": 281
} | [
{
"body": "If you loosen your throat, じょう might turn to しょう as you say. But that has\nnothing to do with one's style.\n\nedit: じょう as in げきじょう is not easy to deeply pronounce (in fact, しょう as in\nえきしょう is sharply pronounced with the vowel in き skipped) and it could be\nphysically closer to しょう as in, say, あいしょう rather than average じょう.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-05T00:57:52.247",
"id": "30957",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-05T01:15:14.033",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-05T01:15:14.033",
"last_editor_user_id": "4092",
"owner_user_id": "4092",
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"score": 0
},
{
"body": "I can't really make sense of those videos as げきしょう. (Not an English native\nspeaker, if that may be related.)\n\nThat's how the word (and the sequence of phonems, as noted by (user4092) reads\nin regular speech, not just in songs.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-22T16:22:59.000",
"id": "33061",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-22T16:22:59.000",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "13942",
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},
{
"body": "激情 should never be pronounced with voiceless fricative like \"shou\" as you say.\nIf you mouth it \"gekishou,\" it turns out to be 激賞 meaning \"high praise,\" or 劇症\nmeaning an acute symptom of disease, like fulminant hepatitis.\n\n情 either as its own, or in combined-form like 情熱 (passion)、情緒 (emotion)、熱情\n(ardor), 情実 (personal considerations /motives)、情趣 (feeling /atomosphere) must\nalways be pronounced \"じょう - jou.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-22T00:48:10.787",
"id": "33713",
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"owner_user_id": "12056",
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| 30948 | null | 33713 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30951",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 遠坂はしゃがみ込んで、倒れた女生徒を介抱している。 \n> その横顔は真剣そのものだ。 \n> 額に汗を浮かばせながら、女生徒の安否を気遣う。 \n> …なんだろう。 \n> **その、見ている方が痛みを覚えるほどの真剣な顔を、俺は。** \n> つい最近、すごく間近で見た覚えが---\n>\n> Tohsaka squats down and start to look after the collapsed student. \n> Her face looks serious. \n> While sweat is dripping down her forehead she starts to worry about the\n> student's wellbeing. \n> What's this?\n\nAnd I can't understand the last part\n\nMy translation would be:\n\n> \"Rather than seeing it, I would rather feel it\", this serious face, I. \n> Not too long ago, I have a memory of it.\n\nIs 見ている方が used with the meaning of 見た方が? \nIs it used like this because she is doing doing the action of seeing right\nnow?\n\nEdit: Upon re-reading how 方が works my new translation would be.\n\n> That, \"Looking is more painful\" serious face, I. \n> Not too long ago, I have a memory of it.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-04T11:32:24.537",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30949",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-04T13:56:06.313",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-04T12:35:53.920",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"meaning"
],
"title": "V-ている方が meaning",
"view_count": 479
} | [
{
"body": "「[方]{ほう}」 has several different meanings and it seems that you are trying to\napply one meaning of it to the 「方」 in this context where it is used for\nanother.\n\nTo be more specific, you are clearly thinking of the \" **comaparison 方** \" as\nin \"A rather than B\", are you not?\n\nIn this context, 「方」 is used to mean \"the side\" as in _**doers vs. on-\nlookers**_. Tousaka is working hard to help the girl. He is on the \"doing-the-\njob side\" -- 「している方」.\n\n「見ている方」 means the (imaginary) persons (possibly including the narrator) who\nare just watching Tousaka helping the girl. In other words, it refers to the\npersons who are on the opposite side from Tousaka regarding the event\ncurrently happening.\n\nRead the 2nd, 3rd and 4th example sentences in Definition #4 in\n[goo[辞書]{じしょ}](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/68957/meaning/m0u/)\n\n> 私の[方]{ほう}の[手落]{てお}ちでした The fault was mine.\n>\n> [彼]{かれ}の[方]{ほう}に[不服]{ふふく}はなかった There was no dissatisfaction on his part.\n>\n> 私たちは[皆彼]{みなかれ}の[方]{ほう}についた All of us sided with him.\n\nThis usage of 「[方]{ほう}」 is **very** common among us native speakers. (And I\nhave personally seen J-learners getting this mixed up with 「[方]{かた}」 countless\ntimes, but I will not get into that here.)\n\n> 「見ている[方]{ほう}が[痛]{いた}みを[覚]{おぼ}えるほどの[真剣]{しんけん}な[顔]{かお}」\n\ntherefore means:\n\n> \"the serious-looking face that is enough to make the on-lookers actually\n> feel the pain\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-04T12:16:19.243",
"id": "30951",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-04T13:56:06.313",
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}
]
| 30949 | 30951 | 30951 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30953",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the sentence `Honne o motomeru` is `o/wo` (を) the correct particle to use?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-04T12:24:10.863",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30952",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-04T14:01:18.627",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-04T12:42:52.133",
"last_editor_user_id": "3010",
"owner_user_id": "12443",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "What particle should I use with \"motomeru\"?",
"view_count": 281
} | [
{
"body": "> In the sentence `Honne o motomeru` is `o/wo` (を) the correct particle to\n> use?\n\nYes.\n\n> What particle should I use with “motomeru”?\n\nThe reason why \"を\" is the correct particle for your example clause, is because\n\"求める\" is a transitive verb, and \"本音\" is the object.\n\n* * *\n\nIn addition to transitive verbs, there are intransitive verbs. Usually you can\neither find an intransitive version, or a conjugation that essentially is\nintransitive, for every transitive verb.\n\nFrom [guidetojapanese.org](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/in-\ntransitive):\n\n> In Japanese, sometimes there are two types of the same verb often referred\n> to as transitive and intransitive verbs. The difference between the two is\n> that one verb is an action done by an active agent while the other is\n> something that occurs without a direct agent.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-04T13:55:55.230",
"id": "30953",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-04T14:01:18.627",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-04T14:01:18.627",
"last_editor_user_id": "11830",
"owner_user_id": "11830",
"parent_id": "30952",
"post_type": "answer",
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| 30952 | 30953 | 30953 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm studying Japanese at University (first year) and the only thing I can't\nget my head around so far is い adjectives.\n\nI understand how and what factors are needed to conjugate them, but do you\nonly conjugate い adjectives if they are at the end of the sentence working\nlike a verb or do you also have to conjugate them if they are before a noun?\nI've been told different answers to this so it's a little confusing.\n\nAlso, in my Basic Kanji Book which we use to learn Kanji, two examples of ''a\nnew car'' are given in different places - 新しい車 (read as あたらしいくるま) and 新車 (read\nas しんしゃ). Are there certain conditions needed to decide which one to use?\n\nI know that I'm probably asking simple questions here and I'm probably just\nbeing silly by not thinking about this in the right way but I've tried\nunderstanding them by studying and searching online but I'm still confused so\nI would be really grateful if someone could explain where I'm going wrong.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-04T19:34:03.773",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30955",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-04T23:27:19.970",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-04T23:27:19.970",
"last_editor_user_id": "12449",
"owner_user_id": "12449",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"adjectives",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "Conjugation of い adjectives - when do you conjugate them and difference between 新しい車 and 新車?",
"view_count": 281
} | [
{
"body": "If an i-adjective is directly modifying a noun then it is written in the\ndictionary form. No conjugation is necessary, so 新しい車 is correct. btw 車 is\npronounced くるま in this case.\n\n新車{しんしゃ｝is a noun in its own right. It is not a combination of an adjective\nmodifying a noun.\n\nAdjectives **can** be altered before modifying the noun. For example you can\nsay おいしそうなケーキ, a cake that looks delicous. In this case you are converting the\ni-adjective into a na-adjective to modify cake, but that's a little more\nadvanced.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-04T19:46:22.760",
"id": "30956",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "30955",
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| 30955 | null | 30956 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "When conjugating yaru to yarimasu, does it become やあります or やります?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-05T01:00:55.683",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30958",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-05T04:47:28.867",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-05T04:33:45.097",
"last_editor_user_id": "11849",
"owner_user_id": "12408",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"conjugations"
],
"title": "conjugation: やあります vs やります",
"view_count": 290
} | [
{
"body": "Grammatically speaking, やあります is just plain wrong. It never conjugates to\nやあります.\n\nSuch a spelling may be used when someone said やります with a strange intonation\n(like \"I wiiil dooo it\"), but it should be rare.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-05T01:17:30.410",
"id": "30959",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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},
{
"body": "I'm going to assume you mean yarimasu instead of arimasu. Arimasu comes from\naru (to be). ある -> あり -> あります\n\nやる yaru conjugates to やります yarimasu.\n\nやあります in romaji is yaarimasu, which would be stretching the \"a\" sound for no\nreason.\n\nMasu-form conjugation simply involves changing the u hiragana to its i\ncounterpart and then adding masu for godan verbs (yaru -> yari -> yarimasu),\nor dropping the ru and then adding masu for for ichidan verbs (taberu -> tabe\n-> tabemasu). The irregular verbs, suru and kuru turn to shimasu and kimasu.\n\nGodan verb examples:\n\n> いく to go -> いき -> いきます, not いいきます\n>\n> かう to buy -> かい -> かいます, not かあいます\n>\n> まつ* to wait -> まち -> まちます, not まあちます. Note that つ changes to ち since they\n> are in the same row of the hiragana table.\n>\n> よむ to read -> よみ -> よみます, not よおみます\n>\n> さす* to hold up (eg. an umbrella) -> さし -> さします, not さあします. Note that す\n> changes to し since they are in the same row of the hiragana table.\n\nIchidan verb examples:\n\n> みる to see -> み -> みます, not みいます\n>\n> ねる to sleep -> ね -> ねます, not ねえます",
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| 30958 | null | 30959 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30962",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "If I want to list two or more activities I like to do in one sentence, do the\nverbs preceding the last one that comes before のが have to be in て form, as in\nthis sentence:\n\n> 旅行をして、映画を見るのが好きです。\n>\n> I like to travel and watch movies.\n\nOr should the verbs be in dictionary form?\n\nI am not sure whether the sentence above should be similar to listing two or\nmore actions in a sequence, as in this sentence:\n\n> 旅行をして、映画を見ました。\n>\n> I traveled and then watched a movie.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-05T05:47:04.237",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Use て form to talk about two or more activities you like?",
"view_count": 1729
} | [
{
"body": "If you are listing multiple actions in a set (eg. of things you like) then you\nwould use verb+たり〜verb+たりするのが好き.\n\n> 旅行したり、映画を見たりするのが好きです。 \n> I like to do things like watching movies and travelling.\n\nYour initial sentence reads like the two actions are connected. As you like to\nfirst travel somewhere and then watch a movie there.",
"comment_count": 0,
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{
"body": "I agree that James Scott Tayler's answer is correct, however strictly speaking\nthe verbs could also be in the dictionary form. For example:\n\n> 旅行するの（が）好きだし、映画を見るのも好きです.\n>\n> I like traveling, and I also like watching movies",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 30961 | 30962 | 30962 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30965",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I try to read a Japanese book, but I have some troubles with the following\nphrases which is part of a break up conversation:\n\n「 _俺はもう蕎麦屋には行かないから、千晶さんは安心して行っていいよ。_ 近所に住んでるし、ばったり会うこともあるかもしれないけど、まあ、気まず\n**くなんの** だけはやめような」\n\nThe part I have biggest difficulties with is the くなんの. I don't understand why\nthe 気まずい is becoming an adverb and what function the なんの does exactly have.\nAnd also in the sentence before. It having 3x は's sounds a bit strange to me\n... thanks a lot in advance for your help!!!!",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-05T13:05:13.767",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "Need help with translation/grammar 「なんの」",
"view_count": 458
} | [
{
"body": "Here, \"なんの” is an abbreviation for \"なるの”. There are other cases where る is\nabbreviated as ん, like in \"ここにいんの？” (for \"ここにいるの？”）.\n\nSince \"気まずい\" means something like \"become embarrassed\" or \"feel awkward\", you\ncould translate that portion as:\n\n> まあ、気まずくなんのだけはやめような\n>\n> Well, at least try not too feel so awkward\n\nAlso, having multiple は's in a sentence is not necessarily a problem, and I\ndon't think it is a problem in this sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-05T13:16:22.203",
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{
"body": "I'll try to cover the triple-は part of the question.\n\n> 俺はもう蕎麦屋には行かないから、千晶さんは安心して行っていいよ。\n\nThe basic structure here is Sentence 1 から Sentence 2.\n\nThe first は marks the subject of the verb 行く\n\n> 俺はもう行かない\n>\n> \"I won't go any more\"\n\nThe third は marks the subject that applies to the verbs 安心して行く\n\n> 千晶さんは安心して行っていいよ\n>\n> \"You can go [there] freely.\"\n\nI consider these two cases trivial -- cases that your textbook taught when you\nfirst learnt to form sentences. The only thing slightly complex in this is\nthat the subject changes (from 'I' to 'you') after the first clause, after から\n\n* * *\n\nThe second は is the contrastive は\n\n> 蕎麦屋には行かない\n>\n> \"[I won't] go to the soba shop [but I may go elsewhere for my meal]\n\nSome more discussion about the contrastive は [can be found in this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1096) and [here on why\nit tends to be used in negative\nsentences](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1077).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-05T14:48:52.830",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 30964 | 30965 | 30965 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30971",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've seen some titles like this, for example an episode of an anime series\nthat was called 敵{てき}と味方{みかた}と, or a manga that was called エルフと少年{しょうねん}と. I'm\ncurious, how does the second と affect those sentences, what would change if\nthey were removed? Would it make any sense to translate them as \"X and Y\nand...\" or would that be nonsensical?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-05T17:40:44.810",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "「X」と「Y」と - how does the second と affect the sentence?",
"view_count": 256
} | [
{
"body": "I've seen this usage once in awhile, and haven't felt any difference in the\nmeaning, but I did a search in Japanese to see what I could find.\n\n[This](http://nihon5ch.net/contents/bbs-study/old/mie-bbs.cgi?s=173) (you may\nneed to set EUC encoding to view this properly) is a pretty long treatment on\nthe subject in Japanese, but the summary is that originally this final と was\nused, but at present this is omitted most of the time. There are some\nsituations where it can be natural to leave it in, and others where it is best\nto remove it.\n\nNear the end of the post, it is mentioned that in some cases the final と may\npossibly be used to give a feeling of both parties doing something together or\ndoing something mutually. Though it is acknowledged this is the opinion the\nauthor of that post.\n\nAlso, there is talk about how sometimes it is better to add と when it helps\navoid confusion, as in the phrase \"私とあなたの父との関係\". Without the last\nと、technically that can be viewed as \"私\" and \"あなたの父の関係” as opposed to the\nrelationship of \"私” and \"あなたの父”.\n\nI'd be curious to hear the opinion of native speakers, but my feeling is that\nfor people learning Japanese as a second language it's usually best to just\nomit the final と.\n\nBecause of the above interpretation, I would generally translate the pattern\nas just \"X and Y\". \"X and Y and\" would be incorrect.\n\nEdit: I apologize for originally including the improper link. I just fixed it.\nOn my browser (Safari), I had to manually select \"EUC\" encoding to be able to\nview it.",
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| 30969 | 30971 | 30971 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30973",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I’m having difficulty understanding some sentences in this article from my\ntextbook. I don't think you need to read the whole article. I tried\ntranslating the sentences I'm unsure about below.\n\n> 日本語では、会話をスムーズに進めるために「あいづちをうつ」ということをします。「はい/ええ」「うん」「そうですか」など色々ありますが、これらは\"Yes,\n> I'm following you; please continue.\"という意味で、\"Yes, I\n> agree.\"という意味ではありません。あいづちが上手にうてると、日本語がとても自然に聞こえます。反対に相手が話している時に、あまりあいづちをうたないと「私の話をよく聞いていない失礼な人」と思われてしまいます。特に電話で話している時は、相手の顔が見えないので、タイミングよくあいづちをうつことが大切です。英語では、相手が話している時にあまりあいづちをうちませんが、日本語では「あいづちをうつ」のは会話が上手になるための大切なストラテジーだと思って下さい。\n>\n>\n> それから、「あのう」とか「えーと」という言葉もよく使いますが、これらはフィラーと言って、話したいことがスムーズに出てこない時に使う「話と話のつなぎ」のようなものです。英語では\"Well...\"\n> \"Let's see...\"など、色々ありますね。\n>\n>\n> あいづちやフィラーではありませんが、聞き返す時には「えっ？」とか、驚いた時には「えっ！」「あれっ」「あらっ」、否定の返事をする時には「いいえ」「いや」「ううん」のような表現も使います。この教科書で色々な会話の表現を覚えて、日本語が自然に話せるようになりましょう。\n\nI tried to make my English translations somewhat literal, so they are not\nsupposed to sound natural.\n\n> 「はい/ええ」「うん」「そうですか」など色々ありますが、これらは \"Yes, I'm following you; please\n> continue.\"という意味で、\"Yes, I agree.\"という意味ではありません。\n\nCan I translate it as something like, “はい/ええ, うん, そうですか exist (as examples of\nあいづちをうつ) but (or maybe “and is better) these mean “yes, I’m following you” and\n“please continue”, but not “Yes, I agree”. I’m especially uncertain about the\nという意味...という意味ではありません part.\n\n> 反対に相手が話している時に、あまりあいづちをうたないと「私の話をよく聞いていない失礼な人」と思われてしまいます。\n\n“On the contrary, if you do not use あいづち very much while speaking with\nsomeone, you will be thought of as “a rude person who does not listen well to\nwhat I am saying” by him/her.”\n\n> 特に電話で話している時は、相手の顔が見えないので、タイミングよくあいづちをうつことが大切です。\n\n“Particularly when talking on the phone, because you don’t see your partner’s\nface, it is important to time your “あいづち” well.” I’m mostly confused by the\nタイミングよくあいづちをうつ part. Can I think of タイミング as identical to the English word\n“timing”? It sounds odd at the beginning of that clause, but maybe that’s\nbecause I’m thinking of it as the English word? Is it perhaps a topic?\n\n>\n> それから、「あのう」とか「えーと」という言葉もよく使いますが、これらはフィラーと言って、話したいことがスムーズに出てこない時に使う「話と話のつなぎ」のようなものです。\n\n“After that, words like あのう and えーと are often used. They are called フィラー. Use\nthem when your words are not coming out smoothly, like when there is a\n“stopgap” between what both of you are saying.”???? I’m really confused about\nthe 「話と話のつなぎ」part.\n\n>\n> あいづちやフィラーではありませんが、聞き返す時には「えっ？」とか、驚いた時には「えっ！」「あれっ」「あらっ」、否定の返事をする時には「いいえ」「いや」「ううん」のような表現も使います。\n\n“These are not あいづち or フィラー but, when you want something repeated use\nexpressions like えっ？, when you are surprised use expressions like えぅ！, あれっ, or\nあらっ, when you want to deny something use expressions like いいえ, いや, or ううん\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-05T21:33:56.277",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "Tobira あいづちとフィラー article",
"view_count": 986
} | [
{
"body": "「うん」「そうですか」など色々ありますが translates with an implied subject of あいづちをうつ」ということ could\nbe translated as `There are various kinds of aizuchi such as \"un\" and \"sou\ndesu ka\"`\n\nThe という意味...という意味ではありません part is contrasting what aizuchi are and aren't. So,\nit's saying `[aizuchi] convey the sense of \"yes, I'm following you\", not the\nsense of \"I agree with you\".`\n\nタイミングよく means \"at the appropriate time\". Because you can't see facial\nexpressions, you might miss out on something. So, if you don't voice some kind\nof aizuchi, the person you're talking to may feel the conversation is not\nmoving along smoothly. So タイミングよくあいづちをうつことが大切です translates as \"It's important\nto use aizuchi at the appropriate times.\"\n\nYou're misunderstanding the それから part. Here it's saying \"Filler words like ano\nand eto are also often used, but they're used when you're having a difficult\ntime interjecting what you want to say.\" Here I'm liberally translating\nスムーズに出てこない時 as \"a difficult time interjecting...\"\n\nOtherwise it seems like you've got the general idea of what's being said.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 30972 | 30973 | 30973 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "How are they different in meaning and usage? I also would like to see samples\nof how each can be used in a sentence.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-06T06:02:34.923",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage",
"kanji"
],
"title": "What's the difference among [停]{と}める、[止]{と}める、and [留]{と}める?",
"view_count": 2533
} | [
{
"body": "Since you said your Japanese isn't yet strong enough, I'll write here what the\nsites pointed to in the comments to your question have to say.\n\n停める This is \"to stop\" like a train or bus at a station or bus stop. The\ngeneral sense is to stop briefly before moving on. So, for example, you could\nuse it to say something like \"I stopped to unload my groceries.\"\n\n留める has a more abstract meaning. To fasten something so it doesn't move.\n\n止める is the general notion of stopping something from moving.\n\nOn [the site pointed to by broccoli\nforest](http://www3.u-toyama.ac.jp/niho/kanjien/iji_dokun_v/tomaru_tomeru.html),\nthere are various examples provided:\n\nTranslations of the first three examples for 止める are\n\n 1. バスが止まる。 The bus stops.\n 2. 時計が止まっている。 My watch has stopped.\n 3. 息が止まるぐらい驚いた。 I was so surprised that I caught my breath.\n\nTranslations for the first three examples for 留める\n\n 1. これはネジで留まっているので、ドライバーが必要だ。 I need a screwdriver because it's fastened with a screw.\n 2. 日々、目に留まった風景をデジカメで撮っている。 Each day, I snap pictures of the scenery that catches (stops) my eye.\n 3. シャツのボタンを留める。 I fasten the buttons on my shirt.\n\nThere's also 泊める which has the sense of staying some place.\n\n 1. 駅前のホテルに泊まった。 We stayed at the hotel by the station.\n 2. いつでも泊まりに来てください。 Please drop by whenever.\n 3. 大型の船が港に泊まっている。 The freighter has dropped anchor in the bay.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-06T16:34:36.907",
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{
"body": "English counterparts of 停める、止める、and 留める in the transitive form will be:\n\n‘park’ to 停める as in 車を停める – park a car (in parking lot).\n\n‘stop’ to 止める as in 出血を止める - stop bleeding 、機械を止める – stop the machine.\n\n‘keep / leave’ to 留める as in 心に留める〈留意する〉- keep in mind, (荷物を)手元に留める – keep the\nluggage at hand, beside the case of 'fastening the buttons' and 'catching the\neyes' in A Ellett’s answer.\n\nIn an intransitive or passive form, it will be for examples;\n\n（車が）停まる – The car is parked (in front of the building).\n\n血(時計)が止まる－ The bleeding stops. / The clock stops.\n\n情報が(彼の手元に)留まる – The information is kept / left in his hand.\n\n(ローマに)留まる- (He) stays (in Rome).",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-11T23:40:52.807",
"id": "31090",
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{
"body": "Do note that the native Japanese language didn't distinguish all these words.\nWhen Japanese started to import Chinese words some 1,500yrs ago, we noticed\ntheir civilization and culture were much more advanced and they had so many\nwords to distinguish notions which just seemed the same to us. It was many-to-\none mapping.\n\nNotable examples are [早]{はや}い \"early\" and [速]{はや}い \"fast/quick\" (and perhaps\n[迅]{はや}い for \"blazingly fast\".) So, Japanese in the [Kofun\nperiod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofun_period) didn't even distinguish\n\"early\" and \"fast\" --- probably they thought like, someone wakes up early in\nthe morning must be walking around fast in the village for farming rice, why\nbother to have two different words??",
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"creation_date": "2016-03-13T10:23:49.353",
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| 30975 | null | 30978 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30980",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So far I haven't seen any jukugo with more than 4 kanji. Is this a limit? Or\nsome of them are made of more than 4 kanji?\n\nAlso, I've seen jukugo made of other jukugo. Like 高速道路 is composed with two\nother jukugo: 高速 and 道路. What if a jukugo would need to be composed with other\njukugo, but those smaller jukugo would sum up to more than 4 characters? Is\nthis something that happened when the language was formed? What happens then?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-06T16:52:41.807",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30979",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-07T06:48:01.437",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-06T19:47:04.770",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12121",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"history",
"compounds",
"yoji-jukugo"
],
"title": "What is the max number of kanji a jukugo can be made of?",
"view_count": 1551
} | [
{
"body": "I searched for your question on the net. 朝鮮民主主義人民共和国(Democratic People's\nRepublic of Korea) is a string of 11 kanji and it is comparatively well known.\n\n外航船舶建造融資利子補給臨時措置法 is a string of 17 kanji. It is the law about the promotion\nin the Japanese shipping industry. I saw this for the first time and I think\nit is very little known.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-06T17:52:30.983",
"id": "30980",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-07T06:48:01.437",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-07T06:48:01.437",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "30979",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 30979 | 30980 | 30980 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30983",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The whole sentence is:\n\n> 子どもたちは小さな雪だるまを作って、楽し **そうに** 遊んでいました。\n\nWhat is the role of そうに in this sentence?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-06T18:45:48.317",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30981",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-07T03:46:36.207",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-07T03:46:36.207",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12404",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "What is the role of the そうに?",
"view_count": 334
} | [
{
"body": "楽しい is an い-adjective meaning \"fun\". In Japanese, there's nothing wrong with\nsaying \"I'm having fun.\" But generally you're not going to presume to know the\npsychological state of someone else.\n\n楽しそう is formed by dropping い and adding そう, forming a な-type adjective\nmeaning, \"appearing to be having fun\".\n\nSo the sentence\n\n> 子どもたちは小さな雪だるまを作って、楽しそうに遊んでいました。\n\ncould be translated as \"The children were having fun playing and making small\nsnowmen.\" Though with such a short snippet of a sentence, the feeling I get is\nthat you could just render it simply as \"The kids were having fun making\nsnowmen.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-06T21:18:36.897",
"id": "30983",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-07T02:38:37.707",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-07T02:38:37.707",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "4875",
"parent_id": "30981",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 30981 | 30983 | 30983 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> **ゲームの歴史** それははるか **5,000年の昔古代エジプト** にまで **さかのぼる** という｡\n\nWell, I can understand some parts of it (which I put in bold):\n\n * ゲームの歴史: game history.\n * 5,000年の昔: 5000 years ago.\n * 古代エジプト: ancient Egypt.\n * さかのぼる: go up.\n\nBut the meaning of it seems unreachable to me. :( \nI've researched in websites like: jgram, imabi, renshuu.org. But I haven't had\nluck. It feels like the structures I do study are never seen in authentic\nlanguage use, hahaha. \nThis text is the opening of the first Yu-Gi-Oh episode.\n\nCould somebody help me make sense of the elements of this sentence?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-06T20:04:26.540",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30982",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-13T08:17:33.310",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-13T08:17:33.310",
"last_editor_user_id": "11849",
"owner_user_id": "12422",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to understand this phrase?",
"view_count": 186
} | [
{
"body": "> ゲームの歴史、それははるか5,000年の昔、古代エジプトにまでさかのぼるという｡\n\n\"The history of games goes way back to ancient Egypt about 5000 years ago.\"\n\nSomething about this sentence feels a bit clipped to me. But nevertheless,\n\"さかのぼる\" is a great word that more or less means to go upstream, against the\nflow of the river. But in this context, its meaning is to reach back,\nfiguratively, in time.\n\nはるか gives the sense of being quite a ways away. (After all, 5000 years is\nalmost all of recorded history, so pretty far back.)\n\nにまで is another nice construct combining the two particles に (at) and まで (upto)\nwhich in this context means \"back to\".",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-06T21:34:59.700",
"id": "30984",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-07T05:57:47.440",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-07T05:57:47.440",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "4875",
"parent_id": "30982",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 30982 | null | 30984 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I currently wrote this as: 猫は蛇が現れたと思た. The cat thought a snake appeared.\n\nIs this correct ?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-07T05:01:33.523",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30985",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-07T05:39:47.303",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12460",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How would I say: The cat thought a snake appeared?",
"view_count": 656
} | [
{
"body": "Your sentence looks fine except that 思た should be [思]{おも}った.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-07T05:35:59.473",
"id": "30986",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-07T05:35:59.473",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "30985",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "> 「猫は蛇が現れたと **思た**.」\n\nThis sentence is good except for the last word and the non-Japanese period.\nExcellent use of 「は」 and 「が」.\n\n> 「[猫]{ねこ}は[蛇]{へび}が[現]{あらわ}れたと[思]{おも} **った** 。」 is the corect sentence.\n\nOther possibilities:\n\n「猫はヘビが[出]{で}てきたのかと思った。」\n\n「猫はヘビが出てきたと思った。」\n\n「猫はヘビが現れたのかと思った。」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-07T05:39:47.303",
"id": "30988",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-07T05:39:47.303",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "30985",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 30985 | null | 30988 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30993",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the following phrase I've transcribed from the audio the following\nsentence:\n\n> dinner no sai ko no spice wa naaaan da?\n\nIn the subtitles it says,\n\n> What's the best spice for dinner?\n\nThe next audio portion is:\n\n> gok ke sho no kai na?\n\nAnd the subtitles are:\n\n> Sparkling conversation?\n\nIs this correct? I've used a translation service and it is not the same\ntranslation as the subtitles. Also, is there a reason why someone would extend\nthe phrase \"naaaaaan\" so long?\n\nLink to [audio](http://vocaroo.com/i/s0C4qWwYamAQ)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-07T05:38:15.110",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30987",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-07T07:39:06.453",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-07T06:50:55.240",
"last_editor_user_id": "12467",
"owner_user_id": "12467",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"transcription"
],
"title": "Is the pronunciation for the following sentences incorrect?",
"view_count": 139
} | [
{
"body": "They are saying\n\n> ディナーの[最高]{さいこう}のスパイスはなーんだ？ \n> dinaa no saikou no supaisu wa naaanda? \n> [極上]{ごくじょう}の[会話]{かいわ}？ \n> gokujou no kaiwa? \n> ご[名答]{めいとう}！ \n> gomeitou!\n\nVowels are often lengthened to add emphasis (eg. こわい -> こわーい) or to sound\ncasual/friendly (eg. ですね -> ですねー) and we also pronounce なんだ as なあーんだ at the\nend of a riddle, probably to sound playful or childlike.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-07T07:20:19.603",
"id": "30993",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-07T07:39:06.453",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-07T07:39:06.453",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "30987",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 30987 | 30993 | 30993 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30997",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In this comprehension passage that I'm reading about figurative speech, I came\nacross this sentence:\n\n> 猫だけではなく、犬、牛、馬など、人と昔から生活してきた動物たちを **使った** 言い方がたくさんあります。\n\n~~Why is 使う in past tense here? Not only in this sentence, but throughout the\ncomprehension passage and its questions, \"phrases that use animals\" also use\nthe past tense. Surely animals are still \"used\" today in speech right?~~ Edit:\nSorry I blatantly mistook 「た」as past tense. Please teach me what it otherwise\nstands for.\n\nI asked my teacher about this, and while she said both 動物を使った言い方 and 動物を使う言い方\nare grammatically correct, she added that 使った is more common (but never\nexplained).\n\nWhy is this so?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-07T06:00:32.933",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30989",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-09T05:51:49.047",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-09T05:51:49.047",
"last_editor_user_id": "11849",
"owner_user_id": "10549",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"relative-clauses",
"aspect"
],
"title": "動物を使った言い方 or 動物を使う言い方?",
"view_count": 212
} | [
{
"body": "The verbal auxiliary た represents past and completion and this た is used as\ncompletion.\n\nAs your teacher says, I think 使った言い方 is more common. And た which means\ncompletion can be used for a future thing. For example,\n来週の金曜日に、仕事が終わったら、お酒を飲みましょう (Let's drink after work next Friday).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-07T07:06:19.047",
"id": "30992",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-07T07:06:19.047",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Why do we prefer た form here? It's because those animals are familiar and easy\nto concretely imagine.\n\nnon-た form represents that something has not happened yet but is going to\nhappen. On the other hand, た form represents that something has happened. In\nshort, non-た form feels obscure while た form feels more vivid.\n\nFor example, when you pull up a fish, you first yell \"いる いる！\" when you sense\nsome response or see an obscure shadow, then yell \"いた いた！\" when you confirm a\nshape of the fish.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-07T14:37:06.853",
"id": "30997",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-07T14:37:06.853",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4092",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 30989 | 30997 | 30997 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have found a few example sentences showing 私は.....結論を下りる. Meaning is: I\nConcluded.。。。\n\nCan I use 私は....結論する instead?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-07T06:02:51.790",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30990",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-07T06:35:27.850",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-07T06:23:36.367",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "12460",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Difference between 結論を[下]{お}りる and 結論する",
"view_count": 114
} | [
{
"body": "You'd use 「[結論]{けつろん}を[下]{くだ}す」 or 「結論づける」 for \"to conclude\", so for \"I\nconcluded (that) ~~\" you'd normally say 「私は～～との (or ～～という)結論を下した。」 or\n「私は～～と結論づけた。」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-07T06:35:27.850",
"id": "30991",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-07T06:35:27.850",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 3
}
]
| 30990 | null | 30991 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30996",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Recently I learned that おいておいて (\"leave it there\") can be shortened in casual\nspeech (or speech to subordinates) to おいといて. (ておく → とく).\n\nI also learned that this can be used for any verb attached to ておく (つけておく →\nつけとく; \"leave it on\").\n\n 1. Can the てお → と shortcut be used for contexts other than ておく (for example: お世話になっております → おせわになっとります)?\n\n 2. Are there other 2-kana to 1-kana shortcuts? (ていう to って, い抜き言葉 and ら抜き言葉 are interesting shortcuts, but the idea of shortening 2 kana to 1 kana sounded interesting to me for some reason.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-07T13:51:28.080",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30995",
"last_activity_date": "2021-12-14T05:41:11.160",
"last_edit_date": "2021-12-14T05:37:26.483",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "11849",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"て-form",
"colloquial-language",
"contractions",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "ておく → とく in other contexts; similar 2-kana to 1-kana shortcuts?",
"view_count": 884
} | [
{
"body": "> \"1. Can the てお -> と shortcut be used for contexts other than ておく (for\n> example: お世話になっ **てお** ります -> おせわになっ **と** ります)?\"\n\nThe なっ **てお** ります-to-なっ **と** ります contraction does happen dialectally. You\nwill hear it _**many**_ times daily in Central Japan and Kansai. I am sure\nthat it is used in many other parts of Western Japan as well.\n\nAround Tokyo, you will rarely hear it used. When you hear it, the speaker\nwould usually be someone from Western Japan or Central Japan. **The ておく-to-とく\ncontraction for the meaning of \"doing something in advance\", however, is used\nheavily around Tokyo as well**.\n\n> \"2. Are there other 2-kana to 1-kana shortcuts? (ていう to って, い抜き言葉 and ら抜き言葉\n> are interesting shortcuts, but the idea of shortening 2 kana to 1 kana\n> sounded interesting to me for some reason.)\"\n\nYes, there certainly are. I will include the ones with reduced syllable counts\nif not reduced kana counts.\n\n> ている ⇒ てる （[食]{た}べている ⇒ 食べてる）\n>\n> でいる ⇒ でる （[飲]{の}んでいる ⇒ 飲んでる）\n>\n> ていく ⇒ てく （[見]{み}ていく ⇒ 見てく）\n>\n> でいく ⇒ でく （[休]{やす}んでいく ⇒ 休んでく）\n>\n> ては ⇒ ちゃ （なくては ⇒ なくちゃ）\n>\n> では ⇒ じゃ （[泳]{およ}いではいけない ⇒ 泳いじゃいけない）\n>\n> てあげる ⇒ たげる （キスしてあげる ⇒ キスしたげる）\n\nI feel like there should be more.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-07T14:32:04.923",
"id": "30996",
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"parent_id": "30995",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "1. Yes, for example...\n\n> ～ておいで -> ～といで e.g. 持っておいで -> 持っといで \n> ～ておくれ -> ～とくれ e.g. 来ておくれ -> 来とくれ (← might be Edo/Tokyo dialect)\n\n 2. Yes, for example...\n\n> ～でしまう -> ～じまう (でし→じ) e.g. 死んでしまう -> 死んじまう (→ often contracted to 死んじゃう) \n> ～てしまう -> ～ちまう (てし→ち) e.g. やってしまう -> やっちまう (→ often contracted to やっちゃう) \n> ～てあげる -> ～たげる (てあ→た) e.g. 買ってあげる -> 買ったげる \n> ～であげる -> ～だげる (であ→だ) e.g. 読んであげる -> 読んだげる \n> ～てやる -> ～たる (てや→た) e.g. 買ってやる -> 買ったる (← used in the west) \n> ～でやる -> ～だる (でや→だ) e.g. 読んでやる -> 読んだる (← used in the west)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-07T14:49:29.837",
"id": "30998",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-08T06:53:09.860",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-08T06:53:09.860",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "30995",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 30995 | 30996 | 30996 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31006",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A girl forgot to do her homework and mum catches her out of bed:\n\n> 「まる子っ、もう寝なさい」 Maruko, go to bed now! \n> 「うん、もうすぐ寝る **から** 」 Yes, I'll go to bed very soon ( _because_ )\n\nI don't understand the function of から here. At first I thought it should be an\nunfinished excuse for why she is out of bed, but I thought that would be\nもうすぐ寝るが... Then I thought it could be \"I will go to bed soon (rather than now)\nbecause (I have to finish my homework), but から is on the wrong clause for that\nto work. I'm out of ideas.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-07T18:16:26.107",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30999",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-26T01:48:36.083",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-から"
],
"title": "Function of から in this conversation",
"view_count": 248
} | [
{
"body": "> 「うん、もうすぐ[寝]{ね}る **から** 。」\n\n「から」 here is used like a sentence-ending particle, and that is one very common\nusage of the word in **_informal speech_**.\n\nWe use 「から」 this way to **_make an announcement and see how the other person\nwould react_**. More often than not, the speaker simply expects that reaction\nto be along the lines of 「わかった」、「じゃあいい」、「それならいい」、etc., which would be the\nJapanese equivalents of \"Alright, then!\" or \"Okay, then!\" In other words, this\n「から」 is **_not_** really used when one knows that one's statement would cause\na further argument.\n\n> \"Right, I'll hit the sack in a minute!\"\n\nIn this particular line by Maruko, the nuance of 「から」 would be like saying\n**_\"Don't you worry!\"_** without saying it.\n\nIn other situations, however, the から-ending can be used to make stronger\nstatements of warning, determination, etc. as in:\n\n「[死]{し}んでも[許]{ゆる}さない **から** ！」 \"I won't forgive you even if I die!\"\n\n「ママに[言]{い}いつけてやる **から** ！」 \"I'll tell Mom on you!\"\n\nEDIT: Similar example sentences can be found in Definition #3 in [this\ndictionary](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/13634/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%8B%E3%82%89/)\nas well.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-07T23:18:50.843",
"id": "31006",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-26T01:48:36.083",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-26T01:48:36.083",
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"parent_id": "30999",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 12
}
]
| 30999 | 31006 | 31006 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31001",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm reading the Japanese Graded Readers from White Rabbit Press. One of them\ntakes place in a town called 緑町, which is glossed (in furigana) as みどりまち.\n\nHowever, I looked this town up, and both the Japanese and English versions of\nWikipedia claim it's pronounced みどりちょう. Which is correct, or are both? Did the\nbook make a mistake, or are there two alternate pronunciations?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-07T18:44:39.357",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31000",
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"owner_user_id": "12287",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"multiple-readings"
],
"title": "Pronunciation of 緑町",
"view_count": 107
} | [
{
"body": "One place has basically only one name, and it can be written both in Kanji and\nin Hiragana. But, there are many place names in Kanji which are shared among\nplaces with different pronunciation. For example, there is 三田(みた) in Tokyo,\nand 三田(さんだ) in Hyogo.\n\nJapanese Wikipedia also has several examples.\n\n> よく知られた語と違う読みをする例\n>\n>\n> 「彦山（ひこやま、ひこさん）」、「八幡（はちまん、やはた、やわた）」、「名東（めいとう、みょうどう）」、「大山（おおやま、だいせん）」、「川内（かわうち、せんだい）」、「国府」（こくふ、こくぶ、こう）、「府中」（ふちゅう、こう）、「国分」（こくぶん、こくぶ）、「富田」（とみた、とみだ、とんだ）、「富山」（とやま、とみやま）、「外山」（とやま、そとやま、とのやま）など、まったく違う複数の読みがある地名も、片方しか知らない人物にとっては他方が難読となる。\n\n<https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%A3%E8%AA%AD%E5%9C%B0%E5%90%8D#.E3.82.88.E3.81.8F.E7.9F.A5.E3.82.89.E3.82.8C.E3.81.9F.E8.AA.9E.E3.81.A8.E9.81.95.E3.81.86.E8.AA.AD.E3.81.BF.E3.82.92.E3.81.99.E3.82.8B.E4.BE.8B>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-07T19:25:48.597",
"id": "31001",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 31000 | 31001 | 31001 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I came across the following sentence:\n\n> ばかものに考えているに思えた。\n\nWhich was translated as:\n\n> Seemed to believe in stupid things.\n\nNow, the first に states IN WHAT someone seemed to believe. We can put this one\naside. What is the role of the second one? I would expect for the two verbs to\nbe related through a と particle. So can you help me define the meaning in\nwhich に connects two verbs like these?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-07T22:37:42.960",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31003",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-20T06:18:52.600",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-20T06:18:52.600",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "12253",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-に"
],
"title": "The role of the particle に in ばかものに考えているに思えた。",
"view_count": 129
} | []
| 31003 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is this how you combine words together using で for\nなまえ、せんこう、がくねん、たんじょうび、しゅっしん、and ことば。\n\n> 私はoscarです。せんこうはcomputer\n> scienceでにねんせいです。たんじょうびは十二月三十日でにじゅうさいです。しゅっしんはoaklandでcantoneseをはなします。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-08T03:23:47.427",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31008",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-08T05:27:05.147",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-08T04:33:44.707",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "12408",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Self Introduction - じこしょうかい",
"view_count": 118
} | [
{
"body": "Everything looks okay except for the pronunciation of 20才(20 years old). It's\npronounced 「にじゅ **っ** さい」 or more commonly 「はたち」.\n\nEdit: Cantonese is かんとんご（広東語）so you'll probably say like:\n\n>\n> (私は*)オスカーです。せんこうはコンピューター・サイエンスで、にねんせいです。たんじょうびは[十二月]{じゅうにがつ}[三十日]{さんじゅうにち}で、はたちです。しゅっしんはオークランドで、かんとんごをはなします**。\n\n*私は can be left out to sound more natural.\n\n**「～をはなします」 might sound like you speak the language as your first language or\nuse it regularly/primarily. If you mean to say you can speak / have the\nability to speak it, you can say 「～がはなせます」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-08T04:26:39.490",
"id": "31009",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 31008 | null | 31009 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31011",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Currently reading a scientific paper, I have trouble understanding the use of\n保証.\n\nAn example of its use is the following:\n\n最低保証密度として75%を乗じる (remarks about the percentage of a certain element in a\nmixture, the usual percentage is around 10%)\n\nI know the kanji should mean \"guarantee\" so I was thinking about \"found in the\nliterature\", \"peer validated\" or something along those lines.\n\nWhat is 保証 used for in this context?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-08T04:45:18.433",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31010",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-09T05:52:00.767",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-09T05:52:00.767",
"last_editor_user_id": "11849",
"owner_user_id": "10432",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"usage"
],
"title": "What does 保証 mean in this context?",
"view_count": 121
} | [
{
"body": "保証 usually is a guarantee/warranty made by a manufacturer, government, etc.\nScientific knowledge from previous research is rarely considered as 保証 if\nthere is no further context.\n\nThe literal translation of 最低保証密度 is \"lowest guaranteed density.\" It seems to\nsay that if the density is below 75%, something (e.g., chemical reaction) is\nnot guaranteed (usually by the manufacturer, etc.) to happen.\n\nI don't know why something is multiplied by 75%, because there's no context.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-08T05:43:02.537",
"id": "31011",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-08T05:43:02.537",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "31010",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 31010 | 31011 | 31011 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "It is a situation about bringing 2 troubled teenagers into a reform school.\nThe following dialogue was said by 2 officers who brought those kids.\n\nA: おい とんでもない ばかがはいってきたものだぜ。\n\nB：こういうところはかえっていくじのない **ほうが** 安全だということを知らんらしい。\n\nI'm not sure if it would mean 'would be better'. However, I try to translate\nthe dialogue B as following:\n\n\"It would be better if coward guys coming to the place, I think there is no\none informing other people (in the place) about the safety\".\n\n**Extra question** : Does it lose the meaning as much if I omit the 「もの」in the\ndialogue A?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-08T07:15:22.447",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31012",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-09T08:46:51.380",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"manga"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 「ほうが」in this sentence?",
"view_count": 1260
} | [
{
"body": "> こういうところはかえっていくじのないほうが 安全だということを知らんらしい。\n\nmeans\n\n> こういうところは (As for this kind of places,)\n>\n> かえって (against our intuition)\n>\n> いくじのないほうが安全だ (the cowarder the safer)\n>\n> ということを知らんらしい。 (It seems that they do not know that)\n\nIn general, \"ほう\" has several meanings, and the most basic idea is a direction:\nあっちのほう (that direction). In this case, ほう means one/ones. There are two or\nmore things/categories, and ほう is one of them: 赤いほう (the red one/s).\n\nSo, there is at least one thing / category in contrast. In this sentence, it\ncompares いくじのないほう with the others. As a result, いくじのないほうが安全だ means \"comparing\nthose who are coward and those who are not, the former is safer.\"\n\n> おい とんでもない ばかがはいってきたものだぜ。\n>\n> おい とんでもない ばかがはいってきたぜ。\n\nThe meaning is not that different. But, the former has emphasis on はいってきた. I\nthink this is similar to \"It was Tom that killed Bob.\" emphasizing Tom.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-08T08:33:02.633",
"id": "31013",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-08T12:20:42.910",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-08T12:20:42.910",
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"score": 3
},
{
"body": "You should parse the sentence this way:\n\n> 『(こういうところは)(かえって)いくじのないほうが安全だ。』ということを知らんらしい。 Literally: They don't seem to\n> know that in a place like this, on the contrary, it would be safer to be\n> timid/a coward.\n\nThe subject of 「知らんらしい」 is the two teenagers (=「とんでもないばか」) who just entered\nthe place.\n\n「～ほうが安全だ」 means \"It is safer to ~~\" \"It is safer if ~~\".\n\nThe かえって means \"on the contrary\", implying \"on the contrary to what these two\nkids actually are / the way they behave\".\n\n* * *\n\n> おい とんでもない ばかがはいってきた **もの** だぜ\n\nThe もの is ＃㊃-② in [大辞林\n第三版](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%89%A9-142633#E3.83.87.E3.82.B8.E3.82.BF.E3.83.AB.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.B3.89):\n\n> （「…ものだ」の形で）感動・詠嘆を表す。…なあ。 「あの難関をよくくぐり抜けた **もの** だ」 「故郷とはいい **もの** だ」\n> 「あの男にも困った **もの** だ」\n\nIt's used to indicate/emphasize the speaker's amazement, surprise, admiration,\netc. The practical meaning of your sentence wouldn't change without the ものだ,\nbut the nuance would be different. The もの(だ) here indicates the speaker's\namazement at how とんでもないバカ these kids are, since the sentence wouldn't make\nsense if you replaced the phrase とんでもないバカ with something like:\n\n> *おい 少年が二人 入ってきた **もの** だぜ (← sounds strange)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-08T09:39:40.353",
"id": "31014",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-09T08:46:51.380",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-09T08:46:51.380",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "31012",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 31012 | null | 31014 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31021",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 集められた魔力、剥離された精神が残留し、 **山は禿げ山の如く訪れたモノを食らうだろう** 。\n>\n> Gathered Magic, The separated souls stay behind, The mountain eats those\n> that visit, just like a bald mountain.\n\nI have trouble understanding 如く. \nI know it's an adverb and it means=Similar But, I do not think it's modifying\n訪れたモノ. \nI think that it could be rewritten like this:\n\n> 山は,禿げ山の如く,訪れたモノを食らうだろう。\n\nAm I wrong?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-08T18:58:50.930",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31016",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-09T00:39:27.267",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to use の如く.",
"view_count": 248
} | [
{
"body": "「[如]{ごと}く」 is an auxiliary verb, not an adverb, but since it is in the\n[連用形]{れんようけい}, it **_functions_** adverbially. (The dictionary form is 「如し」,\nof course.)\n\n「～～の如く」 means 「～～のように」, expressing how similar one thing is to another.\n\n> 「山は[禿]{は}げ山の如く[訪]{おとず}れたモノを[食]{く}らうだろう」\n>\n> = \"The mountain, just like a bald mountain, will devour all who visit it.\"\n\n「禿げ山の如く」 modifies 「食らう」 here.\n\n> \"I think that it could be rewritten like this:\n>\n> 山は,禿げ山の如く,訪れたモノを食らうだろう。\n>\n> Am I wrong?\"\n\nIt **_could_** be if you insisted, but why would you? Basically, no one would\nbe confused by this sentence without the commas.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-09T00:39:27.267",
"id": "31021",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-09T00:39:27.267",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "31016",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 31016 | 31021 | 31021 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31020",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "\"現住所\" and \"連絡先\" are 2 fields on a Japanese resume. If both are the same\naddress, do you:\n\n * delete the \"現住所\" and just list the \"連絡先\"?\n * delete the \"連絡先\" field and just list your \"現住所\"?\n\nOr, are there any other options?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-08T21:45:29.383",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31017",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-09T06:40:20.070",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10547",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between \"現住所\" and \"連絡先\" on Japanese resume?",
"view_count": 158
} | [
{
"body": "現住所 is the place where you live, i.e. your home address. 連絡先 is the point (in\nmost cases phone number) that the recipient of your resume can take contact\nwith somebody responsible in case you are not available on the phone number of\nyour home address. When I make a trip abroad, the travel agency requests me to\nfill in my 現住所 and 連絡先 in the designated application form, and I put down my\nown home address and phone number in 現住所 box, and phone number (and address if\nrequired) of my eldest daughter who lives nearby my house in 連絡先 box, in case\nthe travel agency needs to take an emergency contact with my family when they\nneed to do so during my absence.\n\nIn short, 連絡先 is the contact point (phone number) that the recipient of your\nresume can connect you or your proxy as a backup to your own phone number.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-09T00:38:26.783",
"id": "31020",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-09T06:40:20.070",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-09T06:40:20.070",
"last_editor_user_id": "12056",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "31017",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 31017 | 31020 | 31020 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "置いて is the て-form of 置く(to place). So what does おきます stand for?\n\nThank you very much.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-08T22:31:09.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31018",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-10T22:33:50.637",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12253",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Translation help! 置いておきます",
"view_count": 608
} | [
{
"body": "ておく is a common verb inflection to mean \"to do in preparation for something,\"\nso 置{お}いておきます means \"to place (in preparation for something in the future).\"\n\nFor example, 鍵{かぎ}を椅子{いす}の上{うえ}に置{お}いておきました would mean \"I placed the keys on\nthe chair,\" with some implications like \"so you could pick it up later\" or \"so\nit's more convenient for you when you're leaving the house\" etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-08T22:59:10.827",
"id": "31019",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-10T22:33:50.637",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-10T22:33:50.637",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "31018",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 31018 | null | 31019 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": ">\n> その場面というのはどういった場面かというと、ナチスの兵士がですね、ユダヤ人を職業別で分けていきます。([source](https://youtu.be/3xs-\n> XWk_oQA?t=55))\n\nTranslation from subtitles:\n\n> There’s a scene where the Nazi’s are separating the Jewish by their\n> occupation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-09T01:10:01.630",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31022",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-12T22:44:23.933",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-12T22:40:57.293",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "11732",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "What are the functions of というのは, かというと and がですね in this sentence?",
"view_count": 458
} | [
{
"body": "Those are what I might call the \" _ **conjunctive filler phrases**_ \" (or more\ncommonly known as \"verbal tics\"), which often add very little, if at all, in\nthe way of meaning but somehow help create a softening effect (a good rhythm)\nthat native speakers tend to instinctively \"seek\" in spoken Japanese.\n\nWe use so many of those in spontaneous spoken language. A fairly comprehensive\nlist can be found\n[here](https://web.archive.org/web/20161227084516/http://note.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/detail/n125529).\n\n> 「その[場面]{ばめん} **というのは** 、どういった場面か **というと** 、ナチスの[兵士]{へいし} **がですね**\n> 、ユダヤ[人]{じん}を[職業別]{しょくぎょうべつ}で[分]{わ}けていきます。」\n\n「～～というのは」＝ plain 「は」 in meaning. It is used when explaining something or\nproviding information about it.\n\n「～～というと」 functions just about the same way.\n\nIn other words, there is redundancy here, and there is absolutely no effort to\nrid the redundancy. To prove it, you only need to find the word 「場面 (scene)」\nused back-to-back. This is how Japanese has been spoken whether the speaker is\na small child or the award-winning archaeologist in the video.\n\n「～～がですね」 just means the same as 「が」.\n\nSo that English translation, naturally and rightly, does not reflect the use\nof filler phrases.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-09T02:47:26.323",
"id": "31023",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-12T22:44:23.933",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-12T22:44:23.933",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "31022",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 31022 | null | 31023 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31028",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to say the following in Japanese.\n\n> I want the police officer to make the dog bite the snatcher.\n\nMy attempt is as follows.\n\n> 私は警察官に犬にひったくりを噛ませて欲しい。\n\nIs it correct? Is it possible to use just one に?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-09T04:59:00.873",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31024",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-09T09:20:34.563",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-09T05:08:41.303",
"last_editor_user_id": "11192",
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"causation"
],
"title": "How to use both causative and て欲しい grammar at the same time?",
"view_count": 208
} | [
{
"body": "> 「[私]{わたし}は[警察官]{けいさつかん} **に** [犬]{いぬ} **に** ひったくりを[噛]{か}ませて[欲]{ほ}しい。」\n\nis correct if I have to choose between \"correct\" and \"incorrect\".\n\nA little more natural-sounding word order IMHO would be:\n\n> 「私は警察官 **に** 、ひったくりを **犬に** 噛ませて欲しい。」\n\nfor clarity reasons. Cramming the phrase 「A **に** B **に** 」 into the same part\nof a sentence is not such a great idea even though it is still grammatical.\n\nFinally, if you used 「噛み[付]{つ}かせて」 instead of 「噛ませて」, it would be even more\nnatural.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-09T08:37:37.000",
"id": "31028",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-09T09:20:34.563",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-09T09:20:34.563",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "31024",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 31024 | 31028 | 31028 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31034",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "The usual path for conjugation would be:\n\n 1. 高い → 高すぎる (drop い, append すぎる) \n\n 2. ない → なさすぎる (drop い, append さ, append すぎる)\n\nIs ない in つまらない treated as the negative ない which conjugates as 2.? \nOr is つまらない a single piece that conjugates as 1. ?\n\nDoes つまらない conjugate to つまらなすぎる or つまらなさすぎる? Are both acceptable? If so, is\nthere a preference for one form or the other?\n\nDo the conclusions that apply for つまらない also apply to similar adjectives\nending in ない such as:\n\n * 危ない (ない explicit as おくりがな) \n\n * 汚い (ない hidden inside the word)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-09T05:40:34.723",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31025",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-11T22:20:03.360",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "542",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations",
"adjectives",
"negation"
],
"title": "ない in つまらない and similar adjectives and their conjugation with すぎる",
"view_count": 1275
} | [
{
"body": "~~The rule is that さ intermediates when the word stem consists of only one\nmora (e.g. な as in ない and よ as in よい).~~\n\n~~The stem of つまらない is つまらな, which consists of 4 moras, therefore~~ the\northodox one is つまらなすぎる.\n\nThat said, つまらなさすぎる is also accepted in practice. ( **edit** : Some people\nprobably find it wrong.) As for preference, I find both of them almost as\nfrequent as each other.\n\nAs for 危ない and 汚い, あぶなさすぎる and きたなさすぎる are not used.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-09T10:05:20.693",
"id": "31032",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-09T10:10:52.980",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-09T10:10:52.980",
"last_editor_user_id": "4092",
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "31025",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Dictionaries say すぎる in this meaning is placed:\n\n * after the 連用形 of a verb, like 動きすぎる\n * after the stem of an i-adjective, like やさしすぎる\n * and after the stem of a na-adjective, like しずかすぎる. \n\nつまらない is an adjective so I think つまらなすぎる is natural.\n\nGenerally, when すぎる is placed after ない:\n\n * in the case of the adjective ない, it uses さ, like なさすぎる as you say\n * in the case of the negative form of an i and na-adjective, I think it uses さ, like つまらなくなさすぎる, しずかでなさすぎる.\n * in the case of the negative form of a verb, すぎる is placed after な, like 動かなすぎる. \n\nHowever, in the case where the stem of a verb is one character/mora, さ is\noften placed after な, like しなさすぎる, 見なさすぎる.\n\nThis さ is said to be an additional strength for the instability of one-\ncharacter (single-mora) stems.\n\nIt is written here in detail:\n[「なすぎる」？「なさすぎる」？](http://d.hatena.ne.jp/higonosuke/20130710)\n\nIn addition, ない is basically following.\n\n・in the case of the adjective ない which means \"not be\" like 卵が無い.\n\n・in the case of the adjective auxiliary ない which means \"negative\" and is\nmostly placed after adjective like 美しくない.\n\n・in the case of a part of an adjective like あぶない.\n\n・in the case of the verbal auxiliary ない which means \"negative\" like 動かない\n\nHowever there are some persons who said the adjective auxiliary ない is same as\nthe verbal auxiliary ない because both means \"negative\". In detail here.\n<http://okwave.jp/qa/q2762974.html>",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-09T12:00:12.750",
"id": "31034",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-11T09:02:38.720",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-11T09:02:38.720",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "31025",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
},
{
"body": "As both Yuuichi Tam and user4092 have noted in their earlier posts, the\npattern for すぎる after -ない can vary. Part of this is because the -ない ending\nitself has two derivations.\n\n * One is from the negative 無い. (Historically, it's more complicated, but in modern Japanese, the negative ない suffix is functionally the same as standalone 無い.) The adjective つまらない _\"boring\"_ evolved from verb 詰{つ}まる, originally in reference to a story or circumstance that _wouldn't_ つまる or finish up -- imagine someone long-winded who just won't get to the point. Adjectives like this that are based on negative 無い can often take the -さ- between the な and the すぎる.\n * The other ない ending appears to derive from, or at least be cognate with, old auxiliary verb なう that expressed repetition or ongoing state, like in verbs 行{おこな}う _\"to carry out, to perform\"_ or 商{あきな}う _\"to do business, to buy and sell\"_. The ない in adjective 危{あぶ}ない is this other ない, not the one meaning _\"not\"_. Adjectives like this generally _don't_ take the -さ- between the な and the すぎる.\n\nSo modern つまらない can apparently form either つまらなすぎる or つまらな **さ** すぎる, while\n危ない and 汚い should only form 危なすぎる and 汚すぎる.\n\n**Note:** there is some debate about this among native speakers. Textbooks\nmake a distinction between ない on its own to describe the lack of something\n(like 卵{たまご}が無{な}い _\"there are no eggs\"_ ), which does take the -さ-, versus ない\nas a verbal suffix to indicate the negative, which shouldn't take the -さ-. But\nit seems that the people on the street might not make this same distinction,\nor perhaps they are making it less as time goes. Google searches do turn up\nexamples of\n[危なさすぎる](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%E5%8D%B1%E3%81%AA%E3%81%95%E3%81%99%E3%81%8E%E3%82%8B%22)\nand\n[汚さすぎる](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%E6%B1%9A%E3%81%95%E3%81%99%E3%81%8E%E3%82%8B%22),\nfor instance, albeit with fewer hits than the expected forms without the\ninterstitial -さ-.\n\nSee [this Chiebukuro\npost](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1014406135) for\nsome discussion of the phenomenon.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-10T23:19:48.137",
"id": "31070",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-11T22:20:03.360",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-11T22:20:03.360",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "31025",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 31025 | 31034 | 31034 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31027",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This has been on my mind for a while with nowhere to really ask it. What does\nthe \"N\" in the JLPT levels (such as N1-N5) stand for? My current theory is\n[能力]{のうりょく} since these denote the level of skill one possesses, but I'm not\ncertain. This isn't really a burning question either; I just like knowing\nweird facts like this.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-09T05:45:31.957",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31026",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-09T07:42:11.107",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12154",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"jlpt"
],
"title": "N#~~~JLPT Level Names",
"view_count": 1045
} | [
{
"body": "In their\n[新しい「日本語能力試験」ガイドブック概要版](https://www.jlpt.jp/reference/pdf/guidebook_s_j.pdf)\nthey say:\n\n> 「N」は「Nihongo（[日本語]{にほんご}）」、「New（[新]{あたら}しい）」を[表]{あらわ}します。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-09T06:07:53.123",
"id": "31027",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-09T07:42:11.107",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-09T07:42:11.107",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "31026",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 31026 | 31027 | 31027 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31031",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Is there an equivalent expression in Japanese for \"strike while the iron is\nhot\"?\n\nI've seen a few questions on here with phrases and their equivalents. Does\nanybody know of a site where these are collated?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-09T09:27:47.357",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31029",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-09T11:15:46.103",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4071",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 15,
"tags": [
"set-phrases",
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "\"Strike while the iron is hot\" - Japanese equivalent",
"view_count": 4433
} | [
{
"body": "It is 「[鉄]{てつ}は[熱]{あつ}いうちに[打]{う}て」 and every Japanese-speaker would be\nfamiliar with this saying.\n\nEnglish to Japanese: <http://www.wa.commufa.jp/~anknak/> (Click where it says\n「英語ことわざのABC順分類」)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-09T09:40:22.270",
"id": "31030",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-09T09:40:22.270",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "31029",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "There is an exact Japanese equivalent to \"Strike while the iron is hot,\" that\nis \"鉄は熱いうちに打て.\" I don't know whether this proverb had existed before we knew\nEnglish version, or is just a translation of \"Strike while the iron is hot.\"",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-09T09:41:51.110",
"id": "31031",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-09T09:41:51.110",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "31029",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 13
},
{
"body": "There are a couple of equivalents listed on WWWJDIC. I cannot vouch that these\nare any common though.\n\n「鉄は熱いうちに[鍛えよ]{きたえよ}」, a variant of the 打て version\n\n「[善]{ぜん}は[急げ]{いそげ}」 _make hay while the sun shines_\n\n「[奇貨居くべし]{きかおくべし}」 _if you find something rare, buy it_ (i.e. don't let an\nopportunity slip)\n\n「[幸運]{こううん}の[女神]{めがみ}は[前髪]{まえがみ}しかない」 _opportunity only knocks once_ , lit.\nthe goddess of good fortune has no hair except on her forehead",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-09T10:59:31.737",
"id": "31033",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-09T11:15:46.103",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-09T11:15:46.103",
"last_editor_user_id": "6820",
"owner_user_id": "6820",
"parent_id": "31029",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 31029 | 31031 | 31031 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31037",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm a beginner Japanese student using Yu-Gi-Oh subtitles translations with the\noriginal in Japanese. I don't understand explanations in Japanese mostly, or\nit takes me a long (believe me, long) time to understand them yet. Well, I've\nspent a good - I mean good - time researching about the following sentence.\nOnly I couldn`t understand **two** words of it. The rest I could painstakingly\nhappily understand very well thanks to dictionaries, web and patience - yay.\nSo, could somebody give me a hand? Here it is:\n\n> 古代｛こだい｝におけるゲームは人間｛にんげん｝や王｛おう｝の未来｛みらい｝を予言｛よげん｝ **し**\n> 運命｛うんめい｝を決｛き｝める魔術的｛まじゅつてき｝な儀式｛ぎしき｝で **あった** 。\n\nSomething I thought was that maybe the **「し」** worked as a sort of conjunction\nto connect both sentences. **「あった」** , I thought maybe was a sort of\ncollocation with the idea of \"They **met** the decicions of their fate through\nthe magical ritual\".\n\nThanks in advance for the help.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-09T12:53:39.363",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31035",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-09T13:29:35.790",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12422",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What do 「し」and「あった」mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 1130
} | [
{
"body": "し is 連用形 form of する.It joins the two sentences here. \nであった is past form of copula である.\n\nSo the translated sentence will be like \n\"The games in ancient times were magical rituals which involved predicting the\nfuture of a person or king and deciding their fate.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-09T13:26:15.030",
"id": "31036",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-09T13:26:15.030",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10513",
"parent_id": "31035",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "Here し is the pre-masu form of する, and equivalent to a slightly more formal\nform of \"して\". Here is another example of this usage:\n\n> 彼はりんごを手に取り、食べ始めた。\n>\n> He took the apple into his hand and began to eat it.\n\nIn this sentence 取り can be replaced with 取って, though the former sounds a bit\nmore formal to me.\n\nFor the second question、であった is simply the past tense of である, which is a more\nformal/classical version of です. It simply means \"was\" in this sentence.\n\nHere is my rough cut at a (slightly non-literal) translation of your sentence.\n\n> In ancient times, games were magical rituals to make predictions about the\n> future of people, such as kings.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-09T13:29:35.790",
"id": "31037",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-09T13:29:35.790",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"parent_id": "31035",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 31035 | 31037 | 31037 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31041",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> ――野武士か？ とは、すぐ思ったことだったが、意外にもそれはまだやっと十三、四歳にしかなるまいと思われる小娘であって襤褸てはいるが金襴らしい幅のせまい\n> **鉢の木帯**\n> をしめ、袂のまるい着物を着ているのである。――そしてその小娘もまた此方の人影をいぶかるものの如く、死骸と死骸との間から、迅こい猫のような眸を、じっと、射向けているのであった。｛宮本武蔵（1935年–1939年、朝日新聞連載、吉川英治）｝\n\nWhat does it mean? (e.g. a kind of belt? if so, what kind of belt?)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-09T18:07:01.517",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31040",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-09T19:10:57.583",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12413",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 鉢の木帯 mean?",
"view_count": 189
} | [
{
"body": "I couldn't find this entry in any bilingual dictionary, and of the monolingual\nJapanese dictionaries I have access to, only my big dead-tree dictionary has\nthis.\n\nShogakukan's [国語大辞典]{こくごだいじてん} (\"Big Japanese Dictionary\") has an entry for\n[鉢]{はち}の[木]{き}, explaining that this basically means a 木 (tree) in a 鉢 (pot),\nlike a bonsai. At the bottom of this entry, we get this:\n\n> **鉢の木の帯（おび）** 黒地に梅・桜・松の模様を金で織りあげた女帯。 \n> **Potted tree _obi_** : a woman's _obi_ with a woven design of plum trees,\n> cherry trees, and pine trees in gold on a black background.\n\nAn _obi_ is the wide fancy belt or sash used in formal kimono. Read more about\n_obi_ at [the Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obi_\\(sash\\)).\n\nSo that first sentence of your text above is basically describing the\nappearance of the 小娘{こむすめ}.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-09T19:10:57.583",
"id": "31041",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-09T19:10:57.583",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "31040",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 31040 | 31041 | 31041 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31043",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've come across a sentence in Minna no Nihongo I can't explain myself:\n\n> はさみを使ったら、元の所に戻しておいてください。\n\nIn the book, its translation in French is, in English: \"After you have used\nthe scissors, put them at their original place\".\n\nThe bit I'm not understanding is the usage of _-tara_ to translate \"after you\nhave used\", like はさみを使ったあとで. I can't find an explanation of this pattern, so\nI'm actually unsure if this is maybe the French translation (likely translated\nfrom the English translation :p) that is wrong, or if I misunderstood it.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-09T21:06:45.757",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31042",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-12T07:29:36.403",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-12T07:29:10.213",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "12479",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "Special use of ~たら to translate あとで?",
"view_count": 183
} | [
{
"body": "たら is a hypothetical particle similar to ば and なら, however it carries a\ndifferent nuance. As you can probably infer from how the past tense is used\n(eg 読んだら 食べたら 使ったら), it implies that the action is already completed. Looking\nat your sentence,\n\n> はさみを使ったら、 元の所に戻しておいてください。\n\nComparing it to the given translation, it is accurate. A more literal\ntranslation would be\n\n> Once the action of using scissors is completed, please place it in it's\n> original spot.\n\n後で carries a temporal nuance, that is to say that it is concerned with the\ntiming sequence of the events in the sentence. Using あとで would make sense in\nthis situation, but the たら form is preferred since it carries a different\nnuance.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-09T21:24:26.597",
"id": "31043",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-12T07:29:36.403",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-12T07:29:36.403",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11589",
"parent_id": "31042",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 31042 | 31043 | 31043 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31046",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> いちいち腹のたつことを、わざわざ言いにこないでよ \n> Don't come specially to say things which make me angry (my translation\n> attempt)\n\nI'm confused by 腹がたつ. It's my understanding that it means 'to **get/become**\nangry' rather than 'to **make** angry'. How can I understand what's going on\nhere?\n\nMore generally, how do I say things like 'That person **makes** me angry' or\n'Eating cake **makes** me happy. I include both examples because I suspect\nthat **people** making you feel things is different from **things** making you\nfeel things.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-09T22:14:47.923",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31044",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-10T01:17:11.283",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Making someone feel something",
"view_count": 4347
} | [
{
"body": "My gut feeling is that the cause of your confusion is the true transitivity of\nthe idiomatic expression 「[腹]{はら}が[立]{た}つ」. You already seem to know it is\nintransitive in Japanese, but you **_rightly_** translated it as if it were\ntransitive -- \"things which **_make me angry_** \".\n\nOf course, you could have translated 「腹の立つこと」 as \" ** _things that I get angry\nover_** \" or the like and the original transitivity would have been retained.\nIn translation, however, whatever sounds better in the **_target language_**\nis the better translation.\n\nYou have achieved a good translation at the cost of a Japanese intransitive\nverb getting unduly treated like a bloody stupid transitive one. That kind of\nthing, however, happens all the time when translating between two unrelated\nlanguages.\n\nAt least, the above is what the average Japanese-speaker with a weird French\nusername thinks is happening here.\n\n> \"More generally, how do I say things like 'That person makes me angry' or\n> 'Eating cake makes me happy. I include both examples because I suspect that\n> people making you feel things is different from things making you feel\n> things.\"\n\nThis is highly related to what I have ranted about above.\n\nIn natural settings, Japanese-speakers would not say the **_directly_**\ntranslated versions of \"That person makes me angry.\" or \"Eating cake makes me\nhappy.\", period.\n\nThe direct translations I am referring to would be:\n\n「あの[人]{ひと}は[私]{わたし}を[怒]{おこ}らせる。」 and\n\n「ケーキを[食]{た}べることは私を[幸]{しあわ}せにする。」, respectively.\n\nAgain, we would practically never say either of those in a natural setting.\nYou would undoubtedly sound like a robot if you used those sentences in real\nlife with a native speaker.\n\nWe do not use causative verb forms to express those feelings in Japanese. We\nwould instead use sentences such as:\n\n「（私は）あの人に[怒]{おこ}っている。」\n\n「（私は）あの人に腹が立っている。」\n\n「ケーキを[食]{た}べていると[幸]{しあわ}せな[気分]{きぶん}になれる。」\n\n「ケーキを食べている[時]{とき}が[一番]{いちばん}幸せです。」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-10T01:17:11.283",
"id": "31046",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-10T01:17:11.283",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "31044",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 31044 | 31046 | 31046 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31049",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "My friend's name is Allisan, how can I make it clear that her name is オーリサン\nand the honorific 'san' is not included and furthermore how can she introduce\nherself without sounding like a smug to everyone?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-10T01:55:02.277",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31047",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-10T02:43:14.230",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-10T02:12:03.663",
"last_editor_user_id": "12483",
"owner_user_id": "12483",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"honorifics"
],
"title": "Should I repeat -san to refer to someone whos name ends in san?",
"view_count": 238
} | [
{
"body": "In **_self-introductions_** , 「さん」 is **_NEVER_** attached to the name in the\nfirst place. I have seen quite a few beginning Japanese-learners attaching it\nto their own names, but that is completely improper. They seem to mistakenly\nthink that it is **_polite_** to attach 「さん」 to their own names when, in fact,\nyou attach it only to **_other people's names_**.\n\nOther people can address your friend as 「オーリサンさん」 with no problems whatsoever.\nIt **_is_** the proper way. That it might sound funny is besides the point.\n\nIn self-introductions, your friend can say:\n\n「オーリサンです。」、「オーリサンと[言]{い}います。」、「オーリサンと[申]{もう}します。」, etc.\n\nand no Japanese-speakers would think that the \"san\" part is an honorific.\nThis, I can promise as a Japanese-speaker.\n\nI have personally addressed people as 「イーサンさん」、「ネイサンさん」, etc. When pronounced\nwith the right intonation, these do not sound nearly as funny as you might\nthink.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-10T02:43:14.230",
"id": "31049",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-10T02:43:14.230",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
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"parent_id": "31047",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 31047 | 31049 | 31049 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've found this example sentence at the tangorin.com dictionary:\n\n> 彼は大政治家になりたいという大望を忘れたことはなかった。\n\nIt is translated as \"He never forgot his ambition to become a major\npolitician.\"\n\nThere is two aspects of this sentence I don't quite follow. The first is what\ndoes という mean?\n\nThe second point is the understanding of 忘れたことはなかった. I know the verb 忘れる (to\nforget) but what about なかった?\n\nThank you very much.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-10T02:41:25.813",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31048",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-10T04:42:25.347",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-10T02:48:07.673",
"last_editor_user_id": "12253",
"owner_user_id": "12253",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "Breaking down a translation: 彼は大政治家になりたいという大望を忘れたことはなかった。",
"view_count": 103
} | [
{
"body": "There are actually three different clauses at work here:\n\n大政治家になりたい = \"I want to become a great politician\"\n\n大望を忘れた = \"He forgot the ambition\"\n\n・・・ことはなかった。= \"It was never the case that [...]\"\n\nThe first word you have highlighted, という, serves to show the relationship\nbetween the first two clauses. It is literally と \"with\" plus いう \"X says\". His\nambition can be stated to be, \"I want to become a politician.\"\n\nThe second word you highlighted, なかった, is the end of the operating clause of\nthe sentence. It's the past tense of ない. Something did not exist. What does\nnot exist? An instance, こと。 What instance did not exist? The instance of\nforgetting ambition.\n\nSo, as for him, there was not an instance where he forgot the ambition which\ncould be stated as, \"I want to become a great politician.\" The translation you\nhave given phrases this more clearly.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-10T04:42:25.347",
"id": "31050",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-10T04:42:25.347",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "583",
"parent_id": "31048",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 31048 | null | 31050 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have encountered the following sentence.\n\nはあ なんすか？... **なんやら** 手つづきがあるようだけど さっさとかたづけちゃってくれませんか。\n\nI have searched meaning of the word on several web sites but I only found the\nmeaning of 「なにやら」. I'm not sure if they are interchangeable.\n\nIn addition, can I replace the word 「あるよう」with 「ありさま」without losing the\noriginal meaning?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-10T06:15:40.570",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31051",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-10T17:47:42.247",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Do the 「 なんやら」and 「なにやら」have the same meaning?",
"view_count": 316
} | [
{
"body": "なんやら is just slurred なにやら.\n\nあるよう means \"it seems there are\" and is never interchangeable to ありさま or ありよう.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-10T17:47:42.247",
"id": "31062",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-10T17:47:42.247",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "31051",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 31051 | null | 31062 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31054",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "こんにちはみなさん！\n\nI was talking to my niece and she told me she was learning to play the piano,\nso I wanted to say \"I want to hear Asuka-chan play the piano!\" but then I\nrealized I wasn't entirely certain how to structure a sentence with two verbs.\n\nI ended up saying ピアノを聞きたい instead, which still gets the idea across fine, but\nI was just curious how the \"proper\" way to say it would've been.\n\nWhat comes to mind for me is [ピアノを弾く]を[聞きたい] but the double 'wo' particle\nfeels really weird to me... So I was wondering what the usual way to do this\nwould be. Is there a particular particle to use in this case?\n\nThank you very much!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-10T07:30:43.097",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31052",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-10T09:16:07.163",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-10T09:16:07.163",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12486",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"verbs",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "How to turn an independent clause into a subject?",
"view_count": 167
} | [
{
"body": "> I wanted to say \"I want to hear Asuka-chan play the piano!\"\n\nThe easiest and most common way to say that would be by nominalizing Asuka's\naction of playing the piano. How do we do that?\n\nIt is very simple. First, form a regular sentence meaning \"Asuka plays the\npiano.\"\n\n> 「あすかちゃん **は** ピアノを[弾]{ひ}く」\n\nNow, change the 「は」 to 「が」 and add 「の」 at the very end. The subject marker in\na sub-clause or relative clause is always 「が」.\n\n> 「あすかちゃん **が** ピアノを弾く **の** 」\n\nYes, it is that simple. Since this phrase has now been successfully\nnominalized, you can treat it like a noun. By adding \"want to hear\", you will\nhave:\n\n> 「あすかちゃん **が** ピアノを弾く **の** + **を** + [聴]{き}きたい」\n\nWe use 「聴く」 over 「聞く」 when we hear something appreciatively. Adding the first-\nperson pronoun is optional and native speakers usually do not use it, but if\nwe are to use it for practice, we will have:\n\n> 「私 **は** 、あすかちゃん **が** ピアノを弾く **のを** 聴きたい。」\n\nThere are other more advanced ways to say the same thing, but this is the way\nthat I suggest for the beginning learner.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-10T08:12:29.520",
"id": "31054",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-10T09:15:52.173",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-10T09:15:52.173",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "31052",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 31052 | 31054 | 31054 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've been searching everywhere for trying to find out how to say this phrase\nbut specifically stuck on the \"out\" part. Not sure on what the correct word\nchoice should be used to say that but overall would greatly appreciate if\nsomeone could provide me the Japanese translation of the phrase.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-10T07:55:33.650",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31053",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-10T11:51:33.540",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12487",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How do I say \"Is the sun out today\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 989
} | [
{
"body": "A natural and fairly common way to say it ( _ **without sounding the least bit\ntextbookish**_ ) would be:\n\n> 「[今日]{きょう}、お[日様出]{ひさまで}てる？」 or\n>\n> 「今日 **は** お日様出てる？」\n\nThis just happens accidentally but the phrase contains 「出る」 = \"to come\n_**out**_ \" if you want the \"out\" nuance in the Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-10T11:29:49.407",
"id": "31055",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-10T11:29:49.407",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "31053",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "A more casual way could also be： 「今日は、太陽があるのか？」 though this could be\nconsidered a simple version and depending it could also be different.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-10T11:51:33.540",
"id": "31056",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-10T11:51:33.540",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12263",
"parent_id": "31053",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
}
]
| 31053 | null | 31055 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How would you translate the following sentence?\n\n> 今、千年パズルを解き闇のゲームを受け継いだ少年がいた。\n\nI'd translate it this way:\n\n> Now a boy has solved the millennium puzzle and inherited the dark games.\n\nBut in the English subtitles, they wrote the following:\n\n> Now, the time where a boy has solved the Millennium Puzzle and released the\n> Dark Games has come.\n\nThe verb 受け継ぐ is translated as \"inherit, take over, be heir to\" in these\ndictionaries: Kenkyusha, Riidaasu, eijiro.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-10T12:29:29.893",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31057",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-14T09:37:58.717",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-14T09:37:58.717",
"last_editor_user_id": "11830",
"owner_user_id": "12422",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"anime"
],
"title": "Translating 受け継ぐ as \"released\" or \"inherited\"?",
"view_count": 153
} | [
{
"body": "Your translation looks ok, although, I like how the given subtitles phrase it,\nusing \"the time ... has come\".\n\n> Now, the time where a boy solved the millenium puzzle and inherited the dark\n> games has come.\n\n* * *\n\nThe quote is from [the opening of the first season of Yu-Gi-\nOh!](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-PG7eyV5soA).\n\nI believe the story holds some implication that the \"shadow games\" are\n_released_ as a result of the millenium puzzles being solved. This is most\nlikely the reason the translation uses the word released.\n\n[The English dub can also be found on\nYoutube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cb3ggoyqXmU), and there, it is\ntranslated as following:\n\n> Now, 5000 years later, a boy named Yugi unlocks the secret of the millenium\n> puzzle. He is infused with ancient magical energies...\n\n* * *\n\nAll in all, I think the translation should be a combination of what is\nfaithful to the original, as well as what sounds good in the new language.\nThus, taking a word that isn't verbatim in the original, but in the context,\ncan be a good choice.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-14T07:50:58.610",
"id": "31143",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-14T07:50:58.610",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11830",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 31057 | null | 31143 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The _nyoi bō_ is the power pole Goku uses to extend it at will and connects\nKorin Tower to Kami's Lookout.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-10T14:16:58.527",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31058",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-10T22:23:21.213",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-10T19:29:11.850",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "12491",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"anime"
],
"title": "What is the most correct translation of “nyoi bō” (如意棒), “compliant pole” or “mind stick”?",
"view_count": 446
} | [
{
"body": "The 如意棒{にょいぼう} (short for 如意金箍棒{にょいきんこぼう}) is the name of 孫悟空{そんごくう}'s staff\nfrom the Chinese folktale 西遊記{さいゆうき}, known in English as _Journey to the\nWest_ , which is the inspiration for the Dragon Ball series. The staff itself\nhas an English Wikipedia article on it\n[here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruyi_Jingu_Bang), and the name is often\ntranslated as \"Power Pole\" in English-language Dragon Ball media.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-10T16:04:57.190",
"id": "31061",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-10T22:23:21.213",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-10T22:23:21.213",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "31058",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 31058 | null | 31061 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been playing some [しりとり](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiritori)\nrecently at <http://www.shiritori.org/> and was wondering why no words with を\nshow up.\n\nsiritori.net suggests there are quite a few nouns starting with を:\n\n> を をかし をことてん をつうじ をつうじて をつうじまして をとおして をとおしまして をの をひてかわ をめぐって をめぐりまして をめぐります\n> をめぐる をもちまして をもって をろがま をろがみ をろがみゃ をろがむ をろがめ をろがも をろがん ををがけ をんなひゃくにんいっしゅ\n\nWith the exception of maybe を at the beginning of the list, apparently these\nare all playable nouns in shiritori. There is also a list of words **ending**\nwith を here: <http://siritori.net/tail/%E3%82%92> .\n\nIn contrast, jisho.org gives [one noun **starting** with\nを](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%82%92*%20%23words%20%23noun) (ヲタ, and even\nthen, it's an abbrieviation of ヲタク or オタク) and no [nouns **ending** in\nを](http://jisho.org/search/*%E3%82%92%20%23words%20%23noun).\n\nIn a shiritori game with a **normal person** , or even at **competitive**\nshiritori, does を show up? Are the を words at siritori.net **too obscure** to\nbe valid?\n\n(Feel free to add the classical-japanese tag if it's appropriate; I'm not sure\nif this counts.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-10T14:31:22.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31059",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-10T19:24:51.547",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-10T19:24:51.547",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "11849",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"orthography",
"culture",
"obsolete-kana"
],
"title": "Japanese words with を in shiritori?",
"view_count": 1462
} | [
{
"body": "It's because を is not used in [post-1946\northography](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_script_reform#Modern_kana_usage).\nAll of the をs were changed to おs, for example, おかしい, おとこ. The only reason we\nuse it today is because it was retained in the particle を, but it's not the\ncorrect spelling of any dictionary word. (ヲタク is slang.)\n\nMy 新明解 lists four words that start with を, and they are all grammatical terms\nrelating to the particle. Thankfully no word ends in を so it wouldn't come up\n(the link you gave to siritori.net shows people's personal names). I suspect\nmost people would play the game as if it were the same as お.\n\nI don't know how shiritori was played before 1946.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-10T15:17:12.997",
"id": "31060",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-10T16:44:02.667",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-10T16:44:02.667",
"last_editor_user_id": "583",
"owner_user_id": "583",
"parent_id": "31059",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 31059 | null | 31060 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31068",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/31044/making-someone-\nfeel-something) question I was given\n\n> 「（私は）あの人に怒っている。」\n\nas a way to say \"that person makes me angry\".\n\nI'm a little confused because it looks to me very much like a passive\nconstruction, \"I, that person by, get angered\", but the predicate isn't in\npassive form. How should I understand the use of the particle に in this\nsentence?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-10T18:36:46.773",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31063",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-10T21:52:26.363",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.157",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "Using に as subject marker in non-passive/causative sentence",
"view_count": 153
} | [
{
"body": "You should understand it as \"I'm mad/angry **at** that person.\"\n\nLike if you say 私に怒らないでよ！you're saying \"well don't get mad **at** _me_ about\nit!\"\n\nAnd the other way around if you say お母さんに怒られた。it means mum got angry **at**\nme.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-10T21:52:26.363",
"id": "31068",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-10T21:52:26.363",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12106",
"parent_id": "31063",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 31063 | 31068 | 31068 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31072",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So, I've been trying to properly use は and が. It is often said, online, to\ndifferentiate using topic and subject. That has always confused me, so I\nnoticed a way to use it that seems to always follow the following rule: use が\nif someone is unaware of the thing you're talking about, and は if everyone is\naware.\n\nFor example, you would only say \"there's a car\" if you know someone was\nunaware of the fact, therefore, \"車があります\" is used.\n\nAlternatively, \"the car is green\" is used when everyone is aware of what car\nyou're talking about, therefore, \"車は緑です\" is used.\n\nIs this a functional guideline, or are there glaring exceptions that I have\nnot thought of?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-10T21:29:16.473",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31065",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-11T00:25:05.653",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9587",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Membership awareness to differentiate は and が?",
"view_count": 120
} | [
{
"body": "While what I am going to say will not directly answer your question, I think\nit might help so I decided to post an answer.\n\nThe link posted by Pleiades above as a comment has a pretty good description\nof the various causes where は and が are used. The only problem is that there\nis still a lot of vagueness, and depending on your skill level in Japanese\ntrying to memorize all of the uses is very tricky.\n\nWhat I have done to help refine my understanding of が and は is whenever I am\nreading, I am very cognizant of which of these is being used, and I will stop\nto think deeply about it. If I can't fit it into a rule I know, I just try to\nremember that specific situation. I also recommend writing a log of sentences\nwhich have uncertain は/が usage, and you can add notes to them at a later point\nand compare and contrast different scenarios.\n\nUltimately, unless you are going to be a Japanese teacher, what I think is\nmost important is not whether you have a list of rules (though that helps),\nrather it is an intuitive understanding. Eventually your mind learns to find\nthe patterns itself, even if you cannot put them into neat and tidy rules.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-11T00:25:05.653",
"id": "31072",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 31065 | 31072 | 31072 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31069",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 能力のある三公・摂政・関白が高齢 **だといえども** 辞めてはならない\n\nI understand everything in this except for だといえども, and I'm kind of struggling\nto find a good explanation of what it means. Anyone have any ideas?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-10T21:37:42.490",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31066",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-12T02:12:06.193",
"last_edit_date": "2017-07-12T02:12:06.193",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "12154",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"usage",
"syntax"
],
"title": "「だといえども」はどういう意味ですか？~What does だといえども mean?",
"view_count": 593
} | [
{
"body": "いえども is a formal / fancy (and archaic) way of saying 言{い}っても. So だといえども =\nだといっても. A sentence like 「XXXだといっても」 could parse out to _\"so even if you're\nsaying that XXX, ...\"_\n\n### Background\n\nThe -ど verb ending is very old in Japanese, appearing in the _Kojiki_ and the\n_Man'yōshū_ , some of the earliest writing ever in the Japanese language. It\nattaches to the 已然形{いぜんけい} or realis form, and is used to introduce a contrary\nposition, much like the English _\"but\"_. In some ways, the realis is used a\nbit like the subjunctive in English and German (and maybe other European\nlanguages too?) -- it attaches to ば for conditionals: _\"if that **be** the\ncase...\"_, and it attaches to ど for contrary conditions: _\"although that\n**be** the case...\"_. The ど ending isn't used much in modern Japanese, outside\nof a few set expressions like いえども.\n\nThere _is_ one word in modern Japanese where you do see this ど a lot: けど, and\nits longer formal form けれども. There are several theories for the origins of\nけれども, but they all agree that this is the realis form of something plus ども,\nwhich itself is this classical ど + も.\n\nIn classical Japanese, just remember that this attaches to the 已然形 (usually\nthe stem form ending in an _-e_ sound), and it basically means _\"but,\nalthough, however\"_.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-10T22:37:42.180",
"id": "31069",
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"score": 6
}
]
| 31066 | 31069 | 31069 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31077",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "For the following sentence, what would the likely meaning for \"返済\" be?\n\n> 製品が完成した場合、製品出荷から返済させていただけますでしょうか\n\nI seems like this word can be used for both repayment of money and return of\ngoods. In this case I can't figure out which of the two meanings it is. The\ncontext of this sentence involves making products as well as funding, so it\nseems that either could apply.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-11T00:09:53.803",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31071",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-11T07:19:34.077",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11825",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "Question about probable meaning of 返済 in a sentence",
"view_count": 121
} | [
{
"body": "Going based off what context I have, the way I made sense of this was to\nfragment it into two parts, particularly where the comma makes its appearance.\nThis helps separate the clauses. So, 製品が完成した場合、is referring to a situation in\nwhich the goods in question will be finished, and could probably be translated\nas something like, \"When the product is complete...\" 製品出荷から返済させていただけますでしょうか\nThis was one where I had to do a literal translation of the text, but I think\n\"Can I perhaps be repaid after the final product ships out?\" is probably\nbetter than \"can receive repayment from final product shipping perhaps?\"\n\nI realize translations like this don't exactly do much in the way of helping\nmake sense of the structure, but this at least gives you the right idea of\nwhat's being conveyed.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-11T05:12:27.063",
"id": "31076",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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},
{
"body": "I think if 製品出荷から返済, it perhaps means goods because payments of money from\nshipment is strange but if 製品出荷してから返済, it perhaps means money because it means\npayments after shipment.\n\nHowever this sentence is unclear and need more words like 商品の返済、代金(or 負債)の返済.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-11T07:04:12.027",
"id": "31077",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 31071 | 31077 | 31077 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31075",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I made sure to check if this had already been answered but I could not find\none. So my question is: is なんだから related to のだ? Looking at some example\nsentences it seems to imply something like that but I'm not sure. I can't see\nto find a definitive answer.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-11T00:35:32.607",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31073",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-11T02:46:56.957",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "12496",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is なんだから is related to のだ?",
"view_count": 1274
} | [
{
"body": "なんだから is an abbreviated form of なのだから, which contains 「のだ」, so in that sense\nthey are the same. But depending on where you see the のだ, the meaning may be\ndifferent. For example these two sentences have a different usage of のだ: 食べるのだ\nand 僕のだ",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-11T00:42:18.257",
"id": "31074",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-11T01:47:05.763",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-11T01:47:05.763",
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},
{
"body": "...なんだから is related to のだ through various processes at work here. There is a\nsimple contraction here, i.e. なんだから -> なのだから.\n\nLet's split this phrase up into the individual bits: な+のだ+から.\n\nThe な is required before using のだ when the preceeding work is a noun or na-\nadjective; in other words, in sentences that would end in です (だ). This is\nsimilar to how sentences that end with ~と思う require the subphrase to be marked\nwith the copula (i.e. ~だと思います).\n\nHopefully this will help clear up some ambiguity.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-11T02:46:56.957",
"id": "31075",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 31073 | 31075 | 31075 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31079",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Presumably, as a Japanese name, it should be written in Chinese characters or\nin hiragana.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-11T08:51:23.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31078",
"last_activity_date": "2021-02-25T16:10:47.413",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12287",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"kana-usage"
],
"title": "Why is Toyota typically written in Katakana? (トヨタ)",
"view_count": 4804
} | [
{
"body": "It's a matter of stylistic choice which is hard to explain logically. It's\nkind of like asking why many Western companies adopted [lowercase\nlogos](http://www.duetsblog.com/2011/04/articles/branding/lower-case-branding-\nvisual-identity/) these days, which apparently look \"grammatically wrong\" to\nEnglish learners :-)\n\nIn general, katakana names often have a \"international\", \"modern\", or\n\"technical\" impression, which is definitely good for a high-tech company like\nToyota. On the other hand, kanji names tend to look somewhat \"old\", \"classic\"\nor \"traditional\" to the eyes of Japanese people. If you have the textbook\nknowledge of when to use katakana in everyday writings, you can probably feel\nwhy it's so.\n\nAs a matter of fact, a majority of technology companies prefer katakana or\nalphabet branding over kanji branding _even when their official names are in\nkanji_. Toyota and Mazda switched their official names to katakana many years\nago. Honda retains [the official company name in\nkanji](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%94%B0%E6%8A%80%E7%A0%94%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD),\nbut we rarely see the kanji name in news and ads. Some companies like Nissan\nstill use kanji along with alphabet.\n\nTo take another example, beer/whiskey breweries in Japan tend to have katakana\nnames/brand, (キリンビール, アサヒビール, サッポロビール, ...) while _sake_ / _shochu_ makers\ntend to have kanji names (白鶴酒造, 菊正宗酒造, ...). Oh, I didn't even know that\nキリンビール is still officially\n[麒麟麦酒株式会社](http://www.kirin.co.jp/company/about/kirinbrewery/).\n\nRelated:\n\n * [ニッポン? Why Kana?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17799/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-11T10:27:11.720",
"id": "31079",
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},
{
"body": "It is because the original inventor of Toyota was a man by the name of\nKiichiro Toyoda with a D. Both the Katakana and Hiragana with the ten ten for\nthe Da sound make for the name to have 10 strokes. In Japanese the number 10\nor 十 in Kanji has the connotation of being at a cross roads. While the number\n8 or 八 in Kanji is lucky because it widens at the bottom which reminds one of\nprosperity and growth. Because Toyota is not technically a correct word in\nJapanese it is therefore written in Katakana.\n\nPS I work at Toyota",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2021-02-25T16:10:47.413",
"id": "84357",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "42039",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 31078 | 31079 | 31079 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31082",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What do the kanji in the [Fox\nEngine](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_Engine) logo mean?\n\n\n\nIs it a single kanji meaning \"fox\", or is the logo made by two (or more)\nkanji? What is their meaning?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-11T16:15:00.750",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31081",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-11T16:49:37.710",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-11T16:25:40.847",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "1635",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"handwriting",
"calligraphy"
],
"title": "Kanji in the Fox Engine logo",
"view_count": 1967
} | [
{
"body": "This looks like it isn't really related to foxes, but is オタ魂 written as one\ncharacter. (I would read it オタ[魂]{こん}.)\n\n * オタ is the abbreviation of オタク _otaku_\n * 魂 meaning \"soul\" or \"spirit\"\n\nSo, loosely something like ... \"gamer's soul\"?\n\n_Edit._ As @choco points out in the comments, オタコン refers to\n[Otacon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otacon) of the _Metal Gear_ series.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-11T16:32:10.793",
"id": "31082",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-11T16:49:37.710",
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"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "31081",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
]
| 31081 | 31082 | 31082 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31108",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm looking for a proper antonym for the word 多難 in a context where it's\nmeaning is 'many difficulties'. Would for example the adverb 難なく be\nappropriate? It translates to 'easily' according to my dictionary.\n\nI've tried searching the web and I'm certainly not happy with the antonym 多幸\nprovided on this page:\n[thesaurus.weblio.jp](http://thesaurus.weblio.jp/antonym/content/%E5%A4%9A%E9%9B%A3)\n\nUltimately I'd want to use the anotonym to reverse the meaning of the news\nheadline 「拡大欧州、多難なスタート」 which roughly translates to \"Expanding Europe – Start\nwith many difficulties\".",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-11T18:46:07.080",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31083",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-12T18:44:04.653",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-12T11:58:32.743",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words",
"synonyms",
"antonyms"
],
"title": "What is a good antonym for 多難 (many difficulties)?",
"view_count": 221
} | [
{
"body": "多難{たなん} literally means \"lots of difficulties\". There are a few different ways\nof producing a potential \"antonym\", depending on what kind of meaning you're\nlooking for. 多幸{たこう} literally means \"lots of happinesses / good fortune\", and\nthis is often seen as the closest to an antonym. Other possibilities include\n無難{ぶなん} \"no difficulty\", as noted by l'électeur earlier, or 小難{しょうなん} \"minor\ndifficulty, not much of a difficulty\", as noted by フレヂィ in a comment above.\nAnother possible antonym would conceivably be 少難{しょうなん} \"few difficulties\",\nbut this seems to be a very rare word, [appearing in only a few\nbooks](https://www.google.com/search?q=%22%E5%B0%91%E9%9B%A3%E3%81%AA%22&tbm=bks),\nand this does not appear to be recognized as a valid Japanese word by most\ndictionaries.\n\nAll that said, simply using the antonym supplied by the thesaurus would seem\nto produce the desired reversal in meaning:\n\n * 「拡大欧州、多難なスタート」→ \"European expansion off to a rocky start\"\n\n * 「拡大欧州、多幸なスタート」→ \"European expansion off to an auspicious start\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-12T18:44:04.653",
"id": "31108",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-12T18:44:04.653",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5229",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 31083 | 31108 | 31108 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to know the correct romanization for ベオウルフ.\n\nFor me, it's Beōrufu, because the pronunciation of Be-o-wulf has a long vowel\n(oo/ou/ow/oh). However, some people discord for being a foreign name.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-11T18:59:37.717",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31084",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-13T08:24:53.050",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-11T19:25:34.910",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "12509",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"rōmaji",
"long-vowels"
],
"title": "Correct romanization for ベオウルフ (Beowulf) and the use of ō",
"view_count": 243
} | [
{
"body": "Firstly, using the macron for indicating long vowels is only really used in\n(Revised) Hepburn romanization, so \"correct\" would mean \"according to the\nrules of Hepburn romanization\".\n\nSecondly, Hepburn only uses ō for _long_ vowels and here there isn't one! One\nway that points to this fact is that the word in katakana isn't spelled オー,\nbut オウ.\n\nActually, ベオウルフ is a good transcription because for one it reflects the fact\nthat the ウ is a substitution for \"wu\" (definitely not a lengthener of \"o\");\nfurther, it suggest the pitch as ベオウルフ【LHHLL】, whereas ベオールフ would have to be\nベオールフ【LHLLL】 (the former is much closer to the English pronunciation, which\nhas a secondary stress at \"wu\").\n\nIn any case, I think you should romanize ベオウルフ as _beourufu_ in Hepburn and as\n_beouruhu_ in Nihon-shiki/Kunrei-shiki/Wāpuro.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-11T19:24:04.590",
"id": "31085",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-13T08:24:53.050",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-13T08:24:53.050",
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"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "31084",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 31084 | null | 31085 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31088",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Here's the sentence:\n\n> 「だから昨日も言ったろ、ボクもキミも怒られるタイプなんだって。」\n\nだから as 'therefore' doesn't really work here so I'm going for \"that's why\".\nHowever, I think 言ったろ means \"did I not say\". Putting it together I get\n\n> That's why, did I not say yesterday that both you and me are the type who\n> get told off.\n\nBut to make that work in English I need the comma or a pause for thought after\n\"that's why\" otherwise I get something non-grammatical.\n\nIs the sentence grammatical in Japanese or is a pause needed like my English\ntranslation, or is my translation just wrong? Is there a better way to think\nabout だから and 言ったろ?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-11T20:33:48.757",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31086",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-27T12:06:45.317",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Understanding だから...言ったろ",
"view_count": 1015
} | [
{
"body": "だから is sometimes used at the beginning of a sentence when the speaker is\ntrying to emphasize something already said. I've heard it said to me in this\nusage as \"だ〜か〜ら〜\". I think you could translate this usage as \"Like I said...\"\n\nTo me, here the combination of だから plus 言ったろ（言っただろう） gives a strong feeling\nthat the speaker is annoyed with the other person.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-11T21:02:52.790",
"id": "31088",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-26T08:00:23.020",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-26T08:00:23.020",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"parent_id": "31086",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "“だから言ったじゃないの” is a popular phrase among today’s elderlies as it became a hit\nsong with the same title, followed by “男の言葉に騙されて - (You are too stupid) to be\ncheated by a man's sweet talk,” which was sung by Keiko Matsuyama, and\nreleased in 1958.\n\nIn this case, だから does not necessarily mean “because” and “that why” as a\nconjunctive.\n\nAs @Choco advised, “だから” here works as the emphasis of the ensuing statement,\n“ボクもキミも怒られるタイプなんだって.”\n\nI would translate the quote as: “Remember, I told you yesterday that both of\nus are the type of getting easily scolded .” “Well (you see), I told you\nyesterday that both of us are the type of always being reprimanded.”",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-26T23:32:32.857",
"id": "32490",
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"parent_id": "31086",
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}
]
| 31086 | 31088 | 31088 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31089",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is a short text I've encountered in a manga I'm reading:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KKccR.png)\n\nThe main character talks about his school where 男女比 (the sex ratio) is 9 to 1.\nAt first I thought it means that it has 9 times more boys than girls since 男\nis put before 女. However, from the next sentence as well as the events that\nfollow, it is clear that the school is actually full of girls.\n\nMy question is: would a native Japanese speaker think in the same way? Would\nthey be surprised by this reverse order at least a little bit? Or could it be\nthat the word 男女比 doesn't at all imply that the number of boys will come\nfirst?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-11T20:49:18.930",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31087",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-11T23:29:41.297",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "12271",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"words",
"manga"
],
"title": "The order after 男女比",
"view_count": 357
} | [
{
"body": "> \"My question is: would a native Japanese speaker think in the same way?\"\n\nI am not every native speaker, but if I were given the phrase:\n\n> 「[僕]{ぼく}が[通]{かよ}っている[学校]{がっこう}は[男女比]{だんじょひ}9[対]{たい}1の[共学校]{きょうがっこう}」\n\nwith absolutely no other context or information and no prior knowledge of this\nmanga, I am pretty sure that I would think the same way as you. In fact, I\nthought exactly that way when I read that line today.\n\n> \"Would they be surprised by this reverse order at least a little bit?\"\n\nNot sure about others, but I myself was not so surprised when I read the\nfollowing line. I know such schools exist in real life. You have probably\nheard about our shortage of children. Quite a few (private) high schools that\nhad originally been single-sex have gone co-ed recently in order to recruit a\nsufficient number of students to survive as a school. For the first few years\nafter that major change, you will often find an unusually lopsided sex ratio\nin the enrollment.\n\n> \"Or could it be that the word 男女比 doesn't at all imply that the number of\n> boys will come first?\"\n\nThe number of boys would certainly come first more often than not. The fact is\nwe could not change the word 「男女比」 to 「女男比」, and saying 「1対9」 instead of 「9対1」\nwould not sound as natural or impressive when the number you really want to\nemphasize is the \"9\".\n\nJapanese is a contextual language. A phrase or sentence does not always have\nto make perfect sense all by itself. If you have read the surrounding\nsentences and still do not understand that phrase or sentence, then you could\nsay that is a problem.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-11T23:29:41.297",
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"score": 7
}
]
| 31087 | 31089 | 31089 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31100",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I just created an [antonyms](/questions/tagged/antonyms \"show questions tagged\n'antonyms'\") tag on our site. We usually make tag names in English, and then\nput the Japanese equivalent in the tag description, but I'm not sure which\nJapanese word to use.\n\n[Wikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%BE%E7%BE%A9%E8%AA%9E) lists\nall sorts of words for 'antonym':\n\n> 対義語 \n> アントニム \n> 反義語 \n> 反意語 \n> 反義詞 \n> 反対語 \n> 対語\n\nThe two most common words on this list are 対義語 and 反対語, so I think one of\nthose two would work best. Both seem to have the same meaning, and both seem\nto be equally common.\n\nIs there any difference between the two that would make one or the other more\nappropriate in this case? Or would both be equally appropriate?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-12T02:49:24.460",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31096",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-13T08:01:23.737",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Most appropriate word for 'antonym' – 対義語 or 反対語?",
"view_count": 1158
} | [
{
"body": "対義語 and 反対語 both work, but I personally think 対義語 is better.\n\n反対語 is the word I heard mainly at elementary school. It's probably because\nevery kid knows what 反対 means, but 対義語 is too difficult for them.\n\nIt's perfectly fine to use 反対語 in daily conversations, but after I became an\nadult, I see 対義語 more often in serious articles. Wikipedia also uses 対義語 as\nthe title of the article.\n\n> *\n> 反対語というのは対義語とほぼ同じ意味に使われますが、どちらかと云えば日常的な用語です。([source](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1383411253))\n> *\n> 対義語の方が元にあったのですが字から意味がわかりにくいということから直感的に意味がわかりやすい反対語という言葉が生まれたようです。([source](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1347494453;_ylt=A2RirhzuV71WGBwAuEZzAPR7))\n> *\n> 小学生に「対義語」といっても意味が分からないので小学生には「反対語」といっています。([source](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1347494453;_ylt=A2RirhzuV71WGBwAuEZzAPR7))\n>",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-12T03:56:07.163",
"id": "31100",
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},
{
"body": "反対語 and 反意語 are equivalents to “antonym.\" リーダーズ・プラス英和辞典 published by Kenkyusha\ncarries 反対語 and 反意語 as translations of the word, “antonym.”\n\n新明解国語辞典 published by Kodansha gives 反対語、反義語、and アントニム as alternatives to\n“反意語.” I think 反対語 is most popular among all the synonyms of 反対語, i.e.,\n反義語、アントニム、対義語 and 対語.\n\n対義語 or 対語 is either one of a pair of words, though it can be used as 反対語 as\nwell.\n\nI think 対語 is more common than 対義語. 新明解国語辞典 defines 対義語 as ①\n“何らかの意味で一組の関係を成すと認められるそれぞれの語。「父」に対する「母」、「親」に対する「子」、「海」に対する「山」、「白」に対する「赤」。②反対語.-\n① either one of the two words that make up a relationship between a pair of\nsomething, for examples, “mother” to “father”, “mountain” to “sea,” and\n“white” to “red.” ② antonym.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-13T01:10:09.983",
"id": "31116",
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}
]
| 31096 | 31100 | 31100 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31098",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm reading the manga 僕だけがいない街 where the following is thought about a\ncharacter who is kind towards the protagonist:\n\n> 相変わらず｛あいかわらず｝お人好し｛おひとよし｝。。。いやいい人｛ひと｝だ。\n\nThe implication is that the guy is a good person. What is the difference\nthough between お人好し and いい人 that the protagonist finds necessary to emphasize?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-12T02:54:06.767",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31097",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9212",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"manga"
],
"title": "What is the nuance of お人好し vs いい人?",
"view_count": 148
} | [
{
"body": "お人【ひと】好【よ】し usually has a negative connotation; someone who is generous to a\nfault, someone who doesn't know how to doubt others. 「彼はお人好しだ」 is mildly\nderogatory in most cases.\n\nいい人 is usually positive (「彼はいい人だ」 is not derogatory), although it may be used\nsarcastically depending on the context.\n\nIn this sentence, the speaker rephrased お人好し as いい人 because the latter sounds\nmuch milder and euphemistic, but he probably thinks the person is お人好し.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-12T03:14:45.457",
"id": "31098",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-12T10:12:33.843",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-12T10:12:33.843",
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "31097",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 31097 | 31098 | 31098 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31103",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there any special meaning to a \"と\" when used after a number? For example\n(these lines are in the same work but not one after another),\n\n> 試作品の工場って、何百と見てきたんですよ。\n>\n> 試作品ったって、数百と作るわけだろ？\n\nThe dictionary says \"量を受けて\" for this usage, but it isn't clear if this と is\nneeded or how the meaning would change if it was removed.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-12T03:53:06.803",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31099",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-12T07:40:16.430",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"particle-と"
],
"title": "と after counting something",
"view_count": 309
} | [
{
"body": "This kind of と is similar to も, which is used to form an adverbial phrase to\nindicate the speaker thinks the number is large. Intensifier phrases such as\n\"as many as\", \"indeed\", or \"no less than\" would be the equivalent.\n\nIn your example sentences, I think these と are interchangeable with も. But\nunlike も, と can't be used with concrete numbers. と is used in fixed idioms\nsuch as\n[ごまんと](http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E3%81%94%E3%81%BE%E3%82%93%E3%81%A8&ref=sa),\nor with rather vague expressions like 何十人, 何百枚, 何万匹, etc.\n\n> * 財布に25万円 **も** 入っている: OK.\n> * 財布に25万円 **と** 入っている: Unnatural\n> * 財布に何十万円 **も** 入っている: OK\n> * 財布に何十万円 **と** 入っている: OK\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-12T07:27:38.480",
"id": "31103",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-12T07:40:16.430",
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| 31099 | 31103 | 31103 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 彼女は歌うだけ **で** は飽きたらず、涙まで流していた。\n>\n> 彼の弁明 **で** は飽き足りない\n\nIs this で the same as the で used in \"これでいい\"? As in the continuative で?\n\nI feel as though it could be replaced with \"が\" in the first example and just\nleft as \"は\" in the second example. What is the specific function of this で?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-12T04:29:04.687",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31101",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-13T08:43:30.797",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "12513",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Usage of で (Continuative?)",
"view_count": 491
} | [
{
"body": "This で is a case particle (格助詞), not the one from copula だ.\n\nIn those sentences you can treat it as \"with\".\n\n> 彼女は歌うだけでは飽きたらず、涙まで流していた。 \n> _Not satisfied **with** simply singing, she also shed tears._ \n> (Actually is a literary/rhetorical way to tell _She didn't only sing but\n> also shed tears._ )\n>\n> 彼の弁明では飽き足りない \n> _I feel insufficient **with** his apology._\n\n* * *\n\n> _I feel as though it could be replaced with \"が\" in the first example and\n> just left as \"は\" in the second example._\n\nBoth are incorrect. In the second example, replacing it with は makes a small\ngrammatical difference.\n\n> 彼の弁明では飽き足りない → subject is (usually) 私 \n> 彼の弁明は飽き足りない → subject is 彼の弁明 (it makes me feel...; it's felt...)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-12T10:57:34.687",
"id": "31104",
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| 31101 | null | 31104 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Example 1: (After visiting long lost friend)\n\n> やれやれ、 いきなり どこに連れていかれるか **と思ったら** 。。。\n\nExample 2: (Girl comes to boy's apartment to wake him up for school)\n\n> Boy: なんでお前がここにいるんだ？\n>\n> Girl: 起こしに来てあげたの。時々様子を見ておいてっておばあさんから鍵を預かってたから。 インターホンを押してもぜんぜん出ない **と思ったら**\n> 。。。\n\nIs there something omitted after と思ったら? What does it mean?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-12T04:44:13.020",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31102",
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"owner_user_id": "12513",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Meaning of と思ったら (Colloquial)",
"view_count": 285
} | []
| 31102 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31106",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 朱実{あけみ}は、からかって、雉子{きじ}のような迅{はし}こい足で、先に山道を降りかけたが、急に顔いろを変えて、立ちすくんだ。中腹の林を **斜め**\n> に、のそのそと大股に歩いて来る男があった。｛宮本武蔵（1935年–1939年、朝日新聞連載、吉川英治）｝\n\nDoes 斜め refer to him walking up the hill, or walking diagonally uphill (small\npicture to illustrate)? Is it ambigious?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UG5xn.png)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-12T14:07:29.107",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31105",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-12T21:04:45.623",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12413",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 斜め mean here?",
"view_count": 163
} | [
{
"body": "That would have to mean walking **_diagonally uphill toward_** Akemi, who had\njust started her descent.\n\nNo other interpretation of that sentence would be natural.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-12T14:19:42.343",
"id": "31106",
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| 31105 | 31106 | 31106 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31112",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm not english, and I find my English to be 'good'. I can pretty much live in\nan English country with a slight boost of vocabulary and a bit of knowledge\nabout the culture. But of course, I'm not even close to a native person and I\nstill need more work on my English to be able to call it truly \"good\".\n\nMy question is: Should I start learning Japanese as a third language with my\nimperfect second language? I'm just worried about this.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-12T18:12:26.900",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31107",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-12T20:08:22.683",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12530",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"culture"
],
"title": "Is it ok to start learning Japanese?",
"view_count": 152
} | [
{
"body": "Learning two languages at the same time is a bad idea _if you're a beginner at\nboth_.\n\nHowever, by your post, it seems you already have a good grasp of English. By\nnow you should be able to branch off into a third language without confusing\nyour brain, or \"forgetting English\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-12T20:08:22.683",
"id": "31112",
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| 31107 | 31112 | 31112 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In the following sentence\n\n> 仕事が忙しすぎるのも考えものだけど、時間が余るのもなぁ\n\nwhat does のも mean?\n\nThank you very much.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-12T18:46:37.080",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31109",
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"owner_user_id": "12253",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does のも mean in 仕事が忙しすぎるのも考えものだけど、時間が余るのもなぁ?",
"view_count": 291
} | [
{
"body": "Put simply, the の after 忙しすぎる and 余る is acting to convert those verbs to\nnouns, and the も is acting in the sense of \"also\" (like in クッキーも食べたい, \"I want\nto eat a cookie too\").\n\nこと(事）can also be used to treat a verb as a noun, but it has a more formal ring\nto me.\n\nI haven't seen the word 考えもの used too often, but here is a guess at\ntranslating that sentence.\n\n> I think being too busy isn't ideal, but neither is having too much free\n> time.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-12T19:05:02.740",
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{
"body": "You can think of it is a combination of the normalizer (の) which changes the\nprevious verb or sentence into a noun phrase and the particle (も) meaning\n\"also\" or \"too\" which is connecting the two following phrases.\n\n 1. 仕事が忙しすぎるの (Working being too busy) + も\n\n 2. 時間が余るの (Having too much time) + も\n\nCombining the two you get: \"Work being too busy is something to think about,\nbut having too much time is also\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-12T19:08:45.480",
"id": "31111",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 31109 | null | 31110 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31114",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This might seem like a dumb repeated question but I need to confirm 100% so\nbear with me please.\n\nI started learning Hiragana and I can now write the vowels + the K things. I'm\nreally good at memorizing words and pronouncing and I know lots of Japanese\nwords. I'm saying now, is it advised to try writing the words I already know\nonly with hiragana? For example kako (past) koko (here) etc.. Is that a good\nidea? Or is it even ok to do at all? And is it correct to write a whole\nsentence with hiragana?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-12T22:01:46.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31113",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-12T22:53:47.533",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12530",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"learning",
"hiragana"
],
"title": "Can I use only hiragana when writing words/sentences?",
"view_count": 3953
} | [
{
"body": "First of all, I'd get a handle on learning the two sets of kana before even\nstarting with kanji.\n\nNow for your actual question: Yes, it is 100% okay to write something entirely\nin hiragana. The use of kanji vs. kana is entirely up to the writer, and there\nis no right or wrong when it comes to that. The reasons you will see things\nwritten in kanji more frequently are:\n\n 1. Less total symbols (if you write everything in kana, it will look a bit messy/cluttered)\n 2. Stylistic choice\n 3. Identifying meaning in the case of homophones\n\nAnd probably some others. But you absolutely can write in 100% hiragana if you\nwish. Hell, I've seen entire games written in kana.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-12T22:53:47.533",
"id": "31114",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-12T22:53:47.533",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9596",
"parent_id": "31113",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 31113 | 31114 | 31114 |
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