question
dict | answers
list | id
stringlengths 1
6
| accepted_answer_id
stringlengths 2
6
⌀ | popular_answer_id
stringlengths 1
6
⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31119",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to jisho.org,\n[グローブ](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%96) seems to\nhave a \"sports\" nuance to it, wherease\n[手袋{てぶくろ}](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%A6%E3%81%B6%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8D) seems\nto be more general. Is this accurate?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-13T06:02:28.480",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31118",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-13T08:20:16.317",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11849",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Difference between てぶくろ and グローブ",
"view_count": 78
} | [
{
"body": "Exactly. See how different they are. (Sorry for oversized image.)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/tQSMt.jpg)\n\nWe imagine 手袋 as a kind of clothes for everyday life and work, and グローブ as a\nsports gear. Of course, more accurate transcription of _glove_ is\n[グラブ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%96_%28%E9%87%8E%E7%90%83%29),\nwhich is preferred by baseball players.\n\nSome Japanese traditional sports have gloves that are never called グローブ. For\nexample, in 剣道【けんどう】 they use\n[小手【こて】（籠手）](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B1%A0%E6%89%8B) (but\ntechnically because it's rather like cloth gauntlet).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-13T08:07:19.513",
"id": "31119",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-13T08:20:16.317",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-13T08:20:16.317",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "31118",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 31118 | 31119 | 31119 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I swear there was a certain verb clause for the actions of someone else.\n\nEg how do I say \"He thought it was good?\"\n\nSorry for noobishness :3",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-13T17:08:59.160",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31123",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-13T22:57:49.393",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11735",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Verb clause for someone else?",
"view_count": 1020
} | [
{
"body": "For action verbs like in your examples I'm not aware of any need to change the\nverb form to match the pronoun:\n\n> (私は)笑っている and (彼女は)笑っている\n\nboth use the same verb conjugation.\n\nAre you perhaps thinking about expressing the thoughts and feelings of others?\nYou cannot directly state what someone else is feeling because it is assumed\nthat this is something you cannot know. So you can say:\n\n> (私は)犬がほしい\n\nbut not\n\n> *(彼女は)犬が欲しい\n\nIn the latter case you would need to add\n\n> がる = \"show signs of\"\n\nto the verb, (for some reason I don't understand) change が to を e.g.\n\n> 彼女は犬を欲しがっている",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-13T18:04:40.650",
"id": "31125",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-13T18:04:40.650",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"parent_id": "31123",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Extra information for those interested in dialects:\n\nWhile Standard Japanese doesn't differentiate grammatically between first-\nperson and third-person actions, some dialects do:\n\n**Saga Dialect**\n\n> 俺は走りよる (I am running [right now])\n>\n> 先生は走りよんさっ\n\nThe second of which is a contraction of 走りよんさる, which is a further contraction\nof 走りより **なさる** , the なさる of which we recognize from very polite speech.\n\n**Nagasaki Dialect**\n\n> 俺は走りよる\n>\n> 先生は走りよらす\n\nWe see よる become よらす, which is more of a new conjugation that doesn't\ncorrespond to something from older court speech (i.e. the なさる from Saga\nDialect).\n\nInteresting note, these forms are usually used to refer to people above you in\nthe social hierarchy. You'd never say your dog is 走りよらす.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-13T22:57:49.393",
"id": "31134",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-13T22:57:49.393",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "8021",
"parent_id": "31123",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 31123 | null | 31125 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31131",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 家 **ン** 中でさか立ちやって障子ブッこわして... \n> I was doing headstands in the house and wrecked the door and...\n\nPresumably ン is a contraction of の. Why is it written in katakana? I guess\nit's adding some kind of emphasis; maybe \" **in** the house\" or \"in the\n**house** \"? Also, how would this sound in speech?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-13T17:34:44.117",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31124",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-14T05:10:24.803",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-14T05:10:24.803",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"nuances",
"katakana",
"contractions"
],
"title": "Use of ン in place of の",
"view_count": 178
} | [
{
"body": "This is a common contraction in Western Japanese dialects. It's not emphasis.\nYou could speak this in two ways:\n\n> うちん中で・・・\n>\n> いえん中で・・・\n\nThis isn't typically written either (dialects are somewhat neglected in\nliterature), so I would say the choice of ン over ん was on a whim.\n\nOne common (the only?) place I've heard this used in Standard Japanese is\nbefore [家]{ち}, in sentences like:\n\n> [俺]{おれ}ん[家]{ち}来いよ\n\nor after someone's name:\n\n> [大助]{だいすけ}ん家で・・・\n\nNote that in general, the easiest place to do this contraction is before other\n「な」 row words, like 中 above.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-13T21:43:37.587",
"id": "31131",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-14T04:32:51.440",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "8021",
"parent_id": "31124",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 31124 | 31131 | 31131 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have started to learn japanese recently and tried to translate some lyrics.\n\nBut I pumped quickly on words I was unable to translate even with jisho.org\nand romaji version of the songtexts.\n\nTalking about:\n\n> 最高になりたくって 一番になりたくって\n\n([FAKE IT by Perfume](http://j-lyric.net/artist/a04cc66/l0232ce.html))\n\n> つまらないノイズ かき消すように\n\n([Thrill by BAND-MAID](http://www.uta-net.com/movie/199365/))\n\nSo I found out (with help of the translation) that き消す means \"come to erase\"\nand なりたくって \"want to be\".\n\nNow, I looked up that it is possible to combinate verbs with V1 ~i + V2. Am I\nright, when saying なりたくって is a combination of なる and たくる, where なる was changed\nto なり and たくる was just appended in vTe?\n\nThe same for き消す - き comming from 来る in ~i Form and 消す was just appended to\nget the phrase \"came to erase\"\n\nBut if this assertion is correct, how do I determine if I have to translate it\nto present (want to be the best...) or to past (came to erase...)?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-13T18:24:35.833",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31127",
"last_activity_date": "2016-07-13T00:40:46.263",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-13T21:44:45.090",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12542",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Verb combination (なりたくって and き消す etc.)",
"view_count": 459
} | [
{
"body": "The 「たくって」 is an erroneously extended form of 「たくて」 often said by women. It's\nfor emphasis. While it looks like the 「って」 from 「という」, it isn't.\n\nAs mentioned in the direct comments to your post, the correct lyric is 「かき消す」.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-13T21:56:47.427",
"id": "31132",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-13T21:56:47.427",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "8021",
"parent_id": "31127",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "(The only reason I am posting an answer is that this thread contains an\n**_unbearable_** amount of misinformation from multiple users and I would\nrather not see the thread get bumped automatically again.\n\n@chocolate's comment above is just about the only trustworthy information that\nhas been given so far.)\n\n「なりたくって」 is just an informal and colloquial pronunciation of 「なりたくて」, which is\nthe te-form of 「なりたい」. There is nothing wrong or unnatural about using\ncolloquial forms in song lyrics.\n\nThe \"rumour\" in the thread that the 「って」 here is quotative should be ignored\npermanently. If it were quotative, the phrase would be 「なり **たい** って」, and not\n「なり **たく** って」.\n\nThus, 「[最高]{さいこう}になりたくって」 means \" ** _wanting to be the best_** \".\n「[一番]{いちばん}になりたくって」 means just about the same thing.\n\nFinally, 「かき[消]{け}す」 means \" ** _to drown out (noise, sound, etc.)_** \", and\nit is **_one word_**.\n\nThere is no 「[来]{く}る」 in 「かき消す」.\n\nThus, 「つまらないノイズ かき消すように」 means \" ** _as if to drown out the dull noise_** \".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-07-13T00:40:46.263",
"id": "36618",
"last_activity_date": "2016-07-13T00:40:46.263",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "31127",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 31127 | null | 36618 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31130",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm studying Kanji from the book \"Kanji de manga\", In the book they present\nmanga written in hiragana/katakana and replace one word with the Kanji they\nshowcase on that page. However, when I'm reading it, I notice that everything\nis squashed together with no spaces in between.\n\nHere's an image of what I mean:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/TnpYi.png)\n\nHow can you tell when the next word starts? I understand everything in the\nbook, except when the next word starts.\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-13T19:11:12.493",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31128",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-13T21:12:27.637",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12543",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"syntax",
"hiragana",
"manga"
],
"title": "Trouble working out when the next word starts",
"view_count": 250
} | [
{
"body": "There are three things that can help you here:\n\n 1. They're being nice and breaking words cleanly at the end of each line. The start of a new line is always the start of a new word here.**\n 2. Speak the lines out to yourself. Hearing yourself speak will combine your listening comprehension with your reading comprehension. However, this is moot if you don't:\n 3. Learn more words. My brain is used to the various parts of speech, and thus immediate splits apart the text (from the first bubble) into:\n\n> べんきょう・なんか・して・どう・した・の？ めずらしい・わ・ね\n\nRegardless of the presence of Kanji. Kanji is meant to assist in that\nsplitting process. The full text is:\n\n> 勉強なんかしてどうしたの？珍しいわね\n\nNotice that the real text is mostly Hiragana anyway. Reading enough manga and\nnovels will get your eyes used to this.\n\n** Novels won't always be nice like this. Mid-hiragana-stream splits from line\nto line are quite common.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-13T21:12:27.637",
"id": "31130",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-13T21:12:27.637",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "8021",
"parent_id": "31128",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 31128 | 31130 | 31130 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31138",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I've been using Anki to memorize kanji and words. This word came up: 寒冷{かんれい}\nwhich means cold. However I've never heard of this word being used for cold,\nchilly, etc. Usually it's 寒い{さむい} that is used.\n\nCould some one give an example of when 寒冷 would be used in a sentence?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-13T22:52:17.697",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31133",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-14T05:56:16.630",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-14T05:56:16.630",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "10748",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "\"Cold\" in Japanese: When to use 寒冷",
"view_count": 975
} | [
{
"body": "Some examples of 寒冷{かんれい}:\n\n * Global Cooling: (地球寒冷化{ちきゅうかんれいか})\n\n * Hives from the cold: 寒冷アレルギー\n\n * A cold place: 寒冷な地域{ちいき}\n\nSome other examples are found\n[here](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/50001/meaning/m0u/).\n\nI think in general it's used in more formal contexts.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-14T00:53:05.560",
"id": "31136",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-14T03:21:08.770",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-14T03:21:08.770",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"parent_id": "31133",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "寒冷 is verbatim Cantonese (as `hon4 laang5`) and is typically used to refer to\ncold climates:\n\n> 寒冷地\n>\n> 寒冷な[気候]{きこう}",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-14T00:55:43.633",
"id": "31137",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-14T00:55:43.633",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "8021",
"parent_id": "31133",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "「[寒冷]{かんれい}」 is a fairly technical/academic word and very few people, if any\nat all, would use it to say everyday things like \"It's so cold today.\" As you\nsaid, the word we use for that purpose is 「[寒]{さむ}い」. (Dialectally, people\nfrom the north may, for instance, opt to use 「しばれる」, but that has the same\nlevel of informality as 「寒い」. Point is 「寒冷」 is too big a word for everyday use\neverywhere.)\n\nWe use 「寒冷」 in formal, technical or academic speech to talk about cold regions\nand cold weather. You may hear/see us say:\n\n> 「[寒冷]{かんれい}な[地方]{ちほう}ではオレンジは[育]{そだ}たない。」 \"Oranges do not grow in cold\n> regions.\"\n>\n> 「シベリアは[寒冷]{かんれい}な[気候]{きこう}で[知]{し}られている。」 \"Siberia is known for its cold\n> climate.\"\n\nIn compounded technical terms, 「寒冷」 is also often used.\n\n> 「[寒冷低気圧]{かんれいていきあつ}」 \"cold-core cyclone\"\n>\n> 「寒冷[前線]{ぜんせん}」 \"cold front\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-14T00:56:30.940",
"id": "31138",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-14T00:56:30.940",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "31133",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 31133 | 31138 | 31138 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31139",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Does Japanese have a commonly used term for submarine sandwich/roll?\n\nAustralian English doesn't have a term AFAIK (the only places that sell such\nthings in Australia are the Subway franchise), and I was wondering if the same\nwas true for Japanese.\n\nI couldn't spot it in jisho.org and the English edition of Wikipedia's article\non submarine sandwiches didn't have a Japanese inter-language link. I came\nacross \"サブマリーンサンドイッチ\" on Weblio but I don't know how authentic it is.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-14T00:44:07.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31135",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-14T01:13:51.533",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "Japanese for submarine sandwich",
"view_count": 458
} | [
{
"body": "If you shouted 「サブマリンサンドイッチ」 in my neighborhood, no one except me and perhaps\nanother person would know what you were saying. That word would **not** be in\nthe vocabulary of over 5% of our population. (The 「サンドイッチ」 part, I asure you,\nwould be understood by virtually 100% of us.)\n\nIf you want to talk about a submarine sandwich, you would probably have to\ndescribe it like:\n\n「[大]{おお}きいアメリカンタイプのサンドイッチ」\n\n「大きくて[長]{なが}いサンドイッチ」\n\n「サブウェイで[売]{う}ってるような（長い）サンドイッチ」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-14T01:13:51.533",
"id": "31139",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-14T01:13:51.533",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "31135",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 31135 | 31139 | 31139 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is 判決が下る (to pass judgment) common?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-14T06:03:13.277",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31141",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-14T22:53:16.117",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-14T06:54:51.800",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "12460",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Is 判決が[下]{くだ}る a common expression?",
"view_count": 116
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, it is common. 判決が下る is translated as \"judgment is sentenced\"\n\nAnd there is a similar way of saying like 判決を下す. It is translated as \"pass a\njudgement\" and another way of saying it is 判決を言い渡す.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-14T06:50:24.493",
"id": "31142",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-14T22:53:16.117",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-14T22:53:16.117",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "31141",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 31141 | null | 31142 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31152",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What is [◯]{まる} symbol is typically used for?\n\nThe only usage I know of is the \"correct\" mark. But the dictionary says it is\nalso used as a placeholder and for censorship, see\n[◯](http://jisho.org/word/%E2%97%8B) and\n[◯◯](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%80%87%E3%80%87%20%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8B%E3%81%BE%E3%82%8B).\n\nHere are more detailed questions:\n\n 1. Are there any other uses?\n 2. Where can I typically see those?\n 3. Can it be used in grammar/spelling tests as a \"fill the blank\" for kanji?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-14T14:15:03.017",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31147",
"last_activity_date": "2016-07-18T18:50:35.867",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-14T15:08:57.317",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "9222",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"usage",
"kanji",
"symbols"
],
"title": "Uses of [◯]{まる} symbol in Japanese typography",
"view_count": 1114
} | [
{
"body": "I usually see ○○ when people refer to a series of related things with similar\nnames. For example, here is an\n[article](http://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E5%8D%B1%E9%99%BA%E3%81%AA%E2%97%8B%E2%97%8B%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA)\nabout 危険な○○シリーズ, which is a series of comical video remixes that use the same\nsong and are typically called 危険な[something].\n\nAlso on the Internet it can be used for self-censorship (often comical I\nthink), like ち◯こ instead of ちんこ.\n\nI've also (rarely) seen people using ●● instead, not sure if there is a\ndifference.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-14T16:53:14.523",
"id": "31152",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-14T22:56:57.447",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-14T22:56:57.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "12271",
"parent_id": "31147",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "I've seen it a lot on television shows to represent \"something\", probably like\nyour placeholder you mentioned and also as censorship for words on the\nsubtitle-like\n[テロップ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA_\\(%E6%98%A0%E5%83%8F%E7%B7%A8%E9%9B%86\\)).\n\ne.g. `１００人に聞いた[この夏、◯◯をしたい！！] TOP3ランキング！！！`\n\ne.g. `う◯こ`",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-07-18T18:50:35.867",
"id": "36757",
"last_activity_date": "2016-07-18T18:50:35.867",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3916",
"parent_id": "31147",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 31147 | 31152 | 31152 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31149",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 猫, ねこ, ネコ, neko\n\nWhich of these means \"cat\"? Is it all of them? Which situation do I use each\nof these in?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-14T14:30:50.307",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31148",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-14T18:33:43.193",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-14T15:07:05.113",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "12553",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"orthography"
],
"title": "How do I say \"cat\"? And do I use kanji, hiragana, katakana or rōmaji?",
"view_count": 17085
} | [
{
"body": "Firstly, rōmaji is not used to write Japanese. (The only Latin letters you\nfind in Japanese text are abbreviations, like CD, OL, TPP, etc.)\n\nNow, the question reduces to whether all of 猫, ねこ and ネコ can be used to say\n\"cat\". And the answer is \"yes!\".\n\nEspecially for plants and animals, it's often not so easy to decide which is\nthe most natural choice in a given context (and the choice varies from person\nto person).\n\nBut in the case of \"cat\", the kanji 猫 has been a _jōyō kanji_ since 1981, and\nis by a large margin the most common way of writing \"cat\" (data from the\nBalanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese, via\n<http://nlb.ninjal.ac.jp>)\n\n```\n\n 猫 6171 results (82%)\n ネコ 1340 results (18%)\n ねこ 54 results (1%)\n \n```\n\n* * *\n\nFor more info about the difference between kanji, katakana & hiragana for\nplants or animals see the following questions:\n\n * [How to know when I should use katakana form words referring to animals, lesser creatures, or other organisms?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15695/1628)\n * [Why are katakana preferred over hiragana or kanji sometimes?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1930/1628)\n * [Are ミツバチ and イルカ more frequently written in katakana?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24932/1628)\n * [Why are the names of plants and animals often written in katakana?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/20840/1628)\n * [Octopus kanji: 章魚 vs 蛸 vs 鮹](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30463/1628)\n * [Writing キリン vs 麒麟 (Giraffe vs Qilin)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/7074/1628)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-14T15:05:35.257",
"id": "31149",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-14T15:05:35.257",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:48.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "31148",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
},
{
"body": "1. カタカナ is most commonly used to write words from a foreign language.\n 2. And, there is no strict rule to determine whether to write in 漢字 or in ひらがな.\n\nThese are the most important rules.\n\nHowever, names of animals and plants are a little bit special. In the context\nof natural science, katakana is used to write them. This is because it is\neasier to distinguish names of species from the other parts of sentences.\n<http://ikimonotuusin.com/doc/289.htm>\n\nSo,\n\nネコ: in academic context. When you want to mention the species.\n\n猫 or ねこ: in more general context. There is not much difference between 漢字 and\nひらがな. ひらがな is softer.\n\nWell, they are not that strict.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-14T18:33:43.193",
"id": "31155",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-14T18:33:43.193",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "8010",
"parent_id": "31148",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 31148 | 31149 | 31149 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 1) 又八｛またはち｝は、壁の陰に立って、刀を振りかぶり、彼らの首が入口から三寸と出たら、ばさりと斬ッて落そうと、 **撓｛た｝め** きッている。\n>\n> 2) 武蔵｛たけぞう｝は黒樫の木剣を横に **撓｛た｝め** て待っていた、そして典馬｛てんま｝の脚もとを目がけて、半身を投げ出すように烈しく払った。\n\n｛宮本武蔵（1935年–1939年、朝日新聞連載、吉川英治）｝\n\nWhat dictionary meaning would fit with how 撓｛た｝める is used here? Could it be\naiming (弓・鉄砲で、ねらいをつける。三省堂 スーパー大辞林)?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-14T16:32:01.373",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "31151",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-14T23:11:57.297",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-14T16:59:37.510",
"last_editor_user_id": "12413",
"owner_user_id": "12413",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 撓｛た｝める mean in these 2 sentences?",
"view_count": 157
} | [
{
"body": "From my first impression, that ためる means\n[\"力などを発揮するのをぎりぎりまで押さえて、たくわえておく。\"](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/139058/meaning/m0u/)\n(Being still with all your power so that you can release it at any point.)\n\nBut, it seems that 溜める is usually used in that case.\n\nThe kanji, 撓 generally means bending. And, it is a little bit strange to use\nit here.\n\nI have no good explanation, but 吉川英治 is an old popular novelist, so he could\nhave some different rules from now a days. Anyway, 溜 and 撓 are not in 常用漢字\n(2136 kanjis that the government suggests to use in daily life.) So, we are\nnot good at telling their differences.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-14T18:06:51.150",
"id": "31154",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-14T18:06:51.150",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "8010",
"parent_id": "31151",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Regarding the sentence 2), I can't tell whether it just means _to hold_ or it\nalso implies _to aim_. The verb ためる is very rarely used in this situation\ntoday, and the only word I know is [腰【こし】だめ\n(\"hipfire\")](http://matome.naver.jp/odai/2142046676932117801), which is still\noccasionally used today (presumably mainly by FPS gamers). I haven't wondered\nwhether this ため means _to hold_ or _to aim_. Maybe it means both. Anyway the\nverb we normally use today in this situation is （剣を）構【かま】える.\n\nRegarding the sentence 1), the auxiliary verb 切る (≒\"fully\", \"out\" as in \"sell\nout\", \"up\" as in \"eat up\") is used with ためる, and that gave me the impression\nthat it's maybe [this ためる (\"psyche\nup\")](http://dragonquest.wikia.com/wiki/Tension). But I may be wrong and it\ncould just mean \"completely 構える\".\n\nAs Keita Oda said, the kanji choice between 撓 and 溜 would probably be\nunimportant because it was not standardized in the prewar period.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-14T20:48:23.137",
"id": "32157",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-14T23:11:57.297",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-14T23:11:57.297",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "31151",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 31151 | null | 31154 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32158",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Also can you explain what each kanji character means?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-14T20:11:46.853",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32156",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-15T15:07:20.600",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-15T15:07:20.600",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12553",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kyūjitai-and-shinjitai"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 元気 and 元氣?",
"view_count": 846
} | [
{
"body": "The kanji 氣 is an old alternative form of 気. You may see this kanji in\ncalligraphy arts, historical documents and such, but in modern usage this word\nis always 元気.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-14T20:53:04.850",
"id": "32158",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-14T20:53:04.850",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32156",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "Modern Chinese differentiates between Traditional (Taiwan, Hong Kong, etc) and\nSimplified characters (mainland). One might assume that Japanese Kanji and\nTraditional Chinese are the same thing; not so. The Japanese have made a\nnumber of their own simplifications. Here are a few examples of Kanji that are\nconsidered \"archaic\" by Japanese standards, but are the everyday form used in\nTraditional:\n\n> [氣]{hei3}→[気]{き}\n>\n> [學]{hok6}→[学]{がく}\n>\n> [貓]{maau1}→[猫]{びょう} (previously みょう, previously めう)\n>\n> [國]{gwok3}→[国]{こく}\n\nFor instance, the word for weather in Cantonese is [天氣]{tin1 hei3}. Look\nfamiliar? :)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-14T22:13:05.983",
"id": "32161",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-15T14:41:31.750",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "8021",
"parent_id": "32156",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 32156 | 32158 | 32158 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32160",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Why are these 2 words different? Google Translate says they mean the same\nthing. When would each be used?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-14T21:27:31.927",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32159",
"last_activity_date": "2017-09-04T20:59:54.597",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-14T22:55:00.157",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "12553",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "What is the difference between Oyasumi and Oyasuminasai?",
"view_count": 160708
} | [
{
"body": "Both mean _good night_ , but the shorter one is less polite.\n\nYou must use おやすみなさい, the longer one, when you say good night to your guest,\nteacher, boss, etc. To your family, whichever is fine. Kids are generally\ntaught to use おやすみなさい first, and then they start to use おやすみ somewhere in\ntheir childhood.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-14T21:46:47.443",
"id": "32160",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-14T22:55:11.967",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-14T22:55:11.967",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32159",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 15
},
{
"body": "* Ta/Thanks/Thank you.\n * Bye/Goodbye.\n * Morning!/Good morning!\n * Seeya/See you/See you tomorrow.\n * G'night/Good night.\n\nIn most languages, polite terms get shortened to show casual familiarity.\n\n * Ohayou/Ohayou gozaimasu.\n * Dozo/Dozo yoroshiku.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-15T04:25:05.280",
"id": "32165",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-15T04:31:10.723",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-15T04:31:10.723",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9390",
"parent_id": "32159",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 32159 | 32160 | 32160 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have seen 僕は落ちるのが怖い translated as \"I am afraid to fall\". Could it also be\nused to mean \"I am afraid to fail\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-14T23:25:49.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32162",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-15T09:02:23.413",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-15T09:02:23.413",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12460",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "Clarification on 僕は落ちるのが怖い",
"view_count": 92
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, it certainly could.\n\n> 「 [僕]{ぼく}は[落]{お}ちるのが[怖]{こわ}い。」\n\nWhat this sentence means depends totally on the context.\n\n> \"I am afraid to **_fall_**.\"\n\nYou are afraid of physically falling from a place of some height.\n\n> \"I am afraid to **_fail_**.\"\n\nYou are taking an exam, auditioning for something, entering an election, etc.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-14T23:36:06.823",
"id": "32163",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-14T23:36:06.823",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32162",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32162 | null | 32163 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32168",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "A friend of mine recently gave me this argument -\n\n> \"最近、多くの学生が自分探しの旅と称して、海外留学しているが、そういう人に限って目標が明確ではないので、何も得られず帰国する人も大勢いる。\"\n>\n> \"Recently, many students are claiming to go on a trip to find themselves by\n> studying abroad, however these people fail to define a clear goal, so don't\n> acquire anything when they return to their home country.\"\n\nI want to reply with this argument -\n\n> \"I would argue that studying abroad helps you learn about what's around you,\n> and helps to understand things other than what you are familiar with. It\n> helps you gain new ideas and perspectives.\"\n>\n> \"海外留学は 人の周辺の理解に 論陣を張って、慣れること以外をわかってくれます。フレッシュな考えと見る目をくれます。\"\n\nDoes the last sentence make sense? I'm concerned about the use of \"argue\" and\n論陣を張って and 人の周辺の理解.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-15T04:07:03.017",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32164",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-15T18:40:51.840",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11098",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "\"I would argue that studying abroad helps you learn about what's around you\"",
"view_count": 152
} | [
{
"body": "I'm afraid I couldn't comprehend your sentences if it were not for your\ntranslation.\n\n * \"argue\"\n\n * You can't 論陣を張る unless you put out an argument with a firm and resolute manner and intensive research. It's such a big word.\n * Usually we argue something using ～と思う or ～と考える (formally). That's why many Japanese overuse \"I think\" in English :)\n * I guess that the object of \"argue\" should be everything after it before \"... familiar with.\", or perhaps before \"... and perspectives.\" Thus you should put the verb at the end of them to make sense of it.\n * \"helps..., and helps...\"\n\n * If you intend them to be parallel clauses (as opposed to serial \"A, then B\" connection), we usually use ～たり～たり construction.\n * くれる is indeed a good choice to translate \"helps you\" (while _you_ is generic, but proximately assumed to be the hearer).\n * But Japanese language dislikes the idea of \" _inanimate thing_ helps _animate thing_ \". In order to make it natural, you should rephrase it with human perspective like \"you can do... with...\" etc, or at least avoid \"you\" standing as object.\n * \"learn\"\n\n * Better 知る or 学ぶ.\n * \"what's around you\"\n\n * Japanese doesn't have a _preposition_ \"around\" but _noun_ equivalents. You can just omit this generic \"you\" because it's grammatically unrequired.\n * If you retain \"you\", it should be 自分 or その人. 人 would mean \"others\".\n * 周り or 周囲 (surroundings) would be more appropriate than 周辺 (periphery).\n * \"familiar with\"\n\n * 慣れる is \" _get_ used to\"; \" _be_ used to\" is 慣れている, or 慣れた (as a participle).\n * \"Be familiar with\" is more like なじみのある or よく知っている etc.\n * \"understand\"\n\n * Better 理解する.\n * \"ideas and perspectives\"\n\n * It's open to many interpretations, but 考えと見る目 \"thoughts and discernment(?)\" sound a bit odd.\n * We use や for this \"and\".\n\nIn my own Japanese (I don't know if this is perfectly in keeping with your\nintentions):\n\n>\n> 海外留学は、周りの環境について学んだり、今まで見たことのない物事を理解（したり）して、新しい考え方や視点を得る（ための）良い機会なんじゃないかと思います。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-15T08:17:12.597",
"id": "32168",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-15T18:40:51.840",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-15T18:40:51.840",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "32164",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 32164 | 32168 | 32168 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I have been wondering if Japanese language include letter P. I have actually\nseen words like Pan in Japanese which means bread, but then I found out it was\nborrowed from Spanish. Then is there any Japanese words (not borrowed from\nother languages) or verbs has letter P?\n\nSorry for my English, am still learning...",
"comment_count": 12,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-15T08:13:38.157",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32167",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-16T03:18:34.910",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13562",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Is there P in japanese",
"view_count": 11806
} | [
{
"body": "How about [せんぱい](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%85%88%E8%BC%A9)?\n\n> Noun 1. senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate;\n> progenitor; old-timer",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-15T08:54:56.810",
"id": "32171",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-15T09:35:48.457",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-15T09:35:48.457",
"last_editor_user_id": "9212",
"owner_user_id": "9212",
"parent_id": "32167",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "* へたっぴ、いいだしっぺ ← 屁\n * …っぽい ← 多し\n\nThese words seem to be originally Japanese, besides onomatopoeia.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-15T09:50:55.483",
"id": "32172",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-15T09:50:55.483",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "32167",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Along time ago, there were originally no \"h\" sounds and were \"P\" sounds so in\noutdated kanji, you'd find a lot of onyomi and kunyomi with \"P\" sounds.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T03:18:34.910",
"id": "32197",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-16T03:18:34.910",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13572",
"parent_id": "32167",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 32167 | null | 32171 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32170",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "After killing his opponent, Takezou:\n\n>\n> 颯爽と、一顧して、彼はすぐ後ろへ戻って行くのである。なんでもないことのようだった。もし先｛さき｝が強ければ、自分が後に捨てられてゆくだけのこととしかしていなかった。\n\n宮本武蔵（1935年–1939年、朝日新聞連載、吉川英治）\n\nWhat does 先 refer to? Could it be his dead opponent (先方)? Or future / future\nopponents?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-15T08:32:55.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32169",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-26T07:34:42.537",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12413",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 先｛さき｝ mean here?",
"view_count": 479
} | [
{
"body": "It refers to his dead opponent. In this context,\n\n> 「[先]{さき}」＝「[先方]{せんぽう}」＝「[相手方]{あいてがた}」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-15T08:45:41.373",
"id": "32170",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-15T08:45:41.373",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32169",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "His dead opponent due to the arrangement",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-24T01:41:38.983",
"id": "32415",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-24T01:41:38.983",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13652",
"parent_id": "32169",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "I take ‘先’ as the opponent and the context of the quoted paragraph as “He went\nback right on as if nothing had happened, after glancing at the dead opponent.\nTo him, it was only a matter of himself being thrown out behind the scene, if\nthe opponent were stronger than him.”\n\n‘[後先]{あとさき}’ or '[先後]{せんご}' is a pair word. It appears ‘先’ of ’先が強ければ’ forms a\npair with ‘後’ of ’自分が後に捨てられてゆく’ to me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-24T02:39:31.513",
"id": "32416",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-26T07:34:42.537",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-26T07:34:42.537",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "32169",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 32169 | 32170 | 32170 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32174",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Context: \nThe protagonist did some kind of magic the day before and now cannot move the\nleft side of his body.\n\n> 「……ふん。投影をしたと凛から聞いていたが、やはりそうか。 \n> 半身の感覚がなく、動作が **中よりに** 七センチほどずれているのだろう？」\n>\n> [I heard from Tohsaka that you did Projection, but it's just as I thought. \n> You can't feel half of your body and your movement is off by 7 cm from the\n> center, am I right?\n\nI think it means \"From the center\", but the translation is:\n\n> \"……Heh. I heard you did projection, but it really is true, huh? Half your\n> body is numb and your actions are misplaced about seven centimeters inside\n> of you, right?\"\n\nWhich would be better?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-15T10:30:49.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32173",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-16T07:14:19.913",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-16T07:14:19.913",
"last_editor_user_id": "9838",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "よりに meaning in this context",
"view_count": 339
} | [
{
"body": "The given translation is correct in regards to the word \"より\", as it means\n\"approaching (a specific location or direction)\". It comes from the word \"寄る\".\n\n[from\ngoo辞書](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/228477/meaning/m0u/%E3%82%88%E3%82%8A/):\n\n> ある方向・場所などに近づいて位置すること。また、その位置。「新ビルが駅―に建つ」「北―の風」「右―の思想」\n\n* * *\n\nNow, I believe it is also possible for the sentence to mean \"misplaced about 7\ncentimeters towards the center\", where the center could be a point not\nnecessarily within the body, but this is perhaps more evident with the full\ncontext.\n\nAlso, if we are nitpicking, I believe the \"but\" in your translation is a bit\nawkward, and not entirely faithful to the meaning of the original. The\noriginal meaning is closer to:\n\n> I had heard [something] and wasn't sure I believed it, but it appears to be\n> true after all!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-15T11:47:22.420",
"id": "32174",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-15T13:05:31.333",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-15T13:05:31.333",
"last_editor_user_id": "11830",
"owner_user_id": "11830",
"parent_id": "32173",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32173 | 32174 | 32174 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32178",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm writing a short story for a Japanese class (beginner level). In the story\nthe action takes place in the Soviet Union, where we sometimes used to address\neach other with the \"comrade ...\" greeting (the military in Russia still do).\n\nHow do I express this in Japanese? In the first draft I wrote 同志{どうし}の皆{みな}さん\nbecause I had found [this\narticle](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%BF%97). However, my\nteacher did not understand the purpose of the word in the sentence and\nrecommended to replace it with 〜さん. I feel that it will affect the mood of the\nstory though.\n\nI'm not yet able to read books in Japanese, so I don't know the literary rules\nfor this kind of thing. I've noticed that there's\n[ミス・マープル](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%83%AB)\nwho is a \"miss\" even in translated Agatha Christie's novels, not a \"-san\". And\nthere's \"Anjin-san\" in the English version of James Clavell's Shōgun. Etc.\netc.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-15T12:59:04.530",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32175",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-15T14:40:35.487",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-15T13:27:51.110",
"last_editor_user_id": "1404",
"owner_user_id": "1404",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "How do I say \"Comrade X\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 2242
} | [
{
"body": "The word \"Comrade\" is translated as \"同志\" in dictionaries. If you want to\nreflect the atmosphere of the era in your story, I think 同志 may be fitting. 同志\nis used in Japanese Communist Party still now.\n\nAnd 同胞 may be fitting, too. 同胞 is often used in representing the nation in\nNorth Korea.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-15T14:38:31.757",
"id": "32177",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-15T14:38:31.757",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "32175",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "同志の皆さん is okay to translate \"comrades\", but 同志【どうし】諸君【しょくん】 would make it\nsound doubleplus military.\n\n(同志の皆さん may also indicate \"like-minded people\" or \"people of same hobby\"\naccording to context.)\n\nTo address \"comrade (name)\":\n\n * 同志 (name): generally sounds Russian\n * (name) 同志: generally sounds Chinese or North Korean (also applies to Japanese communists)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-15T14:40:35.487",
"id": "32178",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-15T14:40:35.487",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "32175",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 32175 | 32178 | 32178 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32180",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "日 is at the start of \"Nihon\" (Japan) making me think it means \"Ni\" but 日 means\nDay which is written in romaji as \"hi\" and pronounced \"hi\". If 日 has multiple\nmeanings how am I supposed to read it?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-15T17:55:29.387",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32179",
"last_activity_date": "2020-08-30T08:21:06.543",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12553",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Is 日 \"hi\" or \"ni\"?",
"view_count": 4955
} | [
{
"body": "Let's differentiate between \"meaning\" and \"reading\". The Kanji 日 has a number\nof readings:\n\n> [日暮れ]{ひぐれ} Sunset\n>\n> [日曜日]{にちようび} Sunday\n>\n> [本日]{ほんじつ} Today (formal)\n>\n> [日本]{にほん} Japan, originally にっぽん.\n>\n> [今日]{きょう} Today (normal)\n\nSo here we see six \"readings\", but only three really matter: ひ、にち、じつ. You can\nconsider び, に and きょう exceptions (きょう is the original Japanese-origin word for\n\"today\". The Kanji 今日 is verbatim Cantonese, read \"gam1 jat6\"). We call these\nあてじ, meaning Kanji that were just bolted onto some existing Japanese without\nfollowing the usual rules.\n\nIn terms of _meaning_ , 日 has three meanings: \"sun\", \"day\", and more rarely\n\"Japan\". The answer to your original question \"how do I know how to read\nthis?\" is \"learn more words\".\n\nNote that most Kanji are not like this. 日 is rarer in its weirdness. Most\nother Kanji stick to the rules, so you'll be able to read things confidently.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-15T18:37:25.243",
"id": "32180",
"last_activity_date": "2020-08-30T08:21:06.543",
"last_edit_date": "2020-08-30T08:21:06.543",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "8021",
"parent_id": "32179",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Most kanji have multiple readings and meanings. Btw you shouldn't confuse\nreadings and meanings (\"ni\" is a possible _reading_ of 日, \"day\" is a possible\n_meaning_ of 日). There are no clear rules you can always use to determine the\nreading or the meaning. The best thing you can do is to learn as many words as\npossible. Along the way you will get a \"feel\" for kanji and their compounds\nand in some cases you will be able to guess the meaning\\reading by yourself.\nBut there are no foolproof recipes.\n\n日 can be \"ni\", \"hi\", \"nichi\", \"jitsu\", etc. It really depends on the context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-15T18:37:38.263",
"id": "32181",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-15T18:37:38.263",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12271",
"parent_id": "32179",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 32179 | 32180 | 32180 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32184",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I would like to know how to express mandatory conditions in Japanese. Since\nJapanese distinguishes between different types of languages, I should probably\nask more precisely:\n\nWhat is the right way to express equivalence statements (the kind a\nmathematician might make) such as \"The equation is satisfied if and only if\na>b\"?\n\nHow do you express that you're going to do or that something will happen, only\nif some condition is satisfied? (\"I'll only go if you buy me an ice.\", \"The\nplant will only grow if it is watered regularly.\")",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-15T18:40:35.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32182",
"last_activity_date": "2016-09-20T11:12:09.620",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-15T18:52:27.750",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "12239",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 13,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conditionals",
"mathematics"
],
"title": "How do you say \"if and only if\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 3093
} | [
{
"body": "* **if and only if** (= iff)\n\n> a > b の **時、（そして／かつ）その時に限り** 等式が成立する。 \n> _The equation is satisfied **if and only if** a > b._\n\n * **only ... if**\n\n * ～なければ～ない (colloquially ～なきゃ～ない or ～なけりゃ～ない) \n≈ ～ないなら～ない\n\n> アイスを買ってくれ **なきゃ** 行か **ない** 。 \n> _I'll **only** go **if** you buy me an ice._\n\n * ～ないと～ない\n\n> この植物は定期的に水をやら **ないと** 育た **ない** 。 \n> _The plant will **only** grow **if** it is watered regularly._\n\n * The difference between them is, in short, you can't use the latter if your(= the speaker's) will intervenes.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-15T19:09:57.110",
"id": "32183",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-15T19:43:40.463",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-15T19:43:40.463",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "32182",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "Two common ways of translating \"if and only if\" use the terms 必要十分条件\n(\"necessary and sufficient condition\") and 同値 (\"equivalence\").\n\n> a > b は式 (15) である為の必要十分条件である。 \n> Equation (15) holds if and only if a > b.\n>\n> 式 （15） と「a>b」とは同値である。 \n> Equation (15) is equivalent to a > b.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-15T19:23:57.263",
"id": "32184",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-15T19:23:57.263",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "32182",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
]
| 32182 | 32184 | 32184 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32321",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "In English-Japanese dictionaries, they are all defined along the lines of\n\"brave\" or \"courageous\".\n\nJapanese dictionaries describe all of them more or less as \"not fearing\ndanger\", using a phrase similar to「危険や困難を恐れない」for each of them. Adding to my\nconfusion, they seem to follow a circular logic: the entry for\n[勇気](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/223942/meaning/m0u/%E5%8B%87%E6%B0%97/)\nuses いさましい; the entry for\n[勇ましい](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/10982/meaning/m0u/%E5%8B%87%E3%81%BE%E3%81%97%E3%81%84/)\nuses 勇敢; and the entry for\n[勇敢](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/223934/meaning/m0u/%E5%8B%87%E6%95%A2/)\nuses 勇気.\n\nOf the three, 勇気 seems to be the most common while 勇ましい is by far used the\nleast. On [少納言](http://www.kotonoha.gr.jp/shonagon/), 勇気 had almost 25 times\nas many hits as 勇ましい.\n\nIgnoring grammatical differences (I'm aware of their parts of speech), what is\nthe difference between them? And if they really are close synonyms, how come\n勇気 is used so much more than 勇ましい?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-15T20:39:40.293",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32185",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-04T15:10:15.317",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-16T06:02:49.240",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "9749",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 勇ましい, 勇気, and 勇敢?",
"view_count": 823
} | [
{
"body": "Assorted examples:\n\n> 彼は勇気のある男\n>\n> 勇気を持て!\n>\n> 彼は勇ましい男\n>\n> 彼は勇敢なる[戦士]{せんし}\n\nPersonally, I can't say I've heard 勇ましい in a spoken sentence by an actual\nhuman. I'm aware of the limits of anecdotes, mind you.\n\nSo why the lean toward 勇気? I have some theories:\n\n 1. 勇気 is short.\n\nA word like [忙しい]{いそがしい} is just as long as 勇ましい, but perhaps 忙しい is retained\nbecause there is no shorter alternative. We see a number of long words\nshortened in colloquial speech (難しい→むずい), and we know Japanese tends to be\nvery liberal in dropping words/particles to shorten sentences.\n\n 2. 勇敢 is esoteric. 「敢」 itself is a Level-3 Kanji, meaning it wouldn't be officially learned until middle school. 「気」 is learned in first grade, meaning in terms of word familiarity, 「勇気」 is closer to \"normal\".\n\nIn general, I'm sure some corpus lookups would show 勇ましい and 勇敢 appearing far\nless than 勇気.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T02:59:40.700",
"id": "32193",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-16T02:59:40.700",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "8021",
"parent_id": "32185",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "勇気 is a noun. It's pronounced 'yuuki' \n勇ましい is a 形容詞 (an adjective, often called an i-adjective in L2 teaching). \n勇敢 is a 形容動詞 (often called a \"na-adjective\" in L2 teaching but literally an\nadjective verb). It's pronounced 'yuukan' \n\n\"He is brave.\" \n｢彼は勇気がある｣…He has a 勇気 \n｢彼は勇敢だ｣ …He is 勇敢 \n｢彼は勇ましい｣ …He is 勇ましい \n\n形容動詞(\"adjective verbs\" or \"na-adjectives\") and 形容詞(\"adjectives\" or\n\"i-adjectives\") differ in grammatical usage.\n\n勇気 is a kind of spirit. \n勇敢 has an image of fighting men. \n勇ましい shows the state of a person.\n\nI guess 勇気 is used much because it is a noun.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-20T14:39:53.190",
"id": "32321",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-04T15:10:15.317",
"last_edit_date": "2016-05-04T15:10:15.317",
"last_editor_user_id": "4091",
"owner_user_id": "13598",
"parent_id": "32185",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "One of the most popular Japanese language dictionaries 広辞苑, edited by Dr.\nIzuru Shinmura published by Iwanami Shoten, defines:\n\n> * “勇気” as ①”勇ましい意気” - brave spirit. ②”敵に恐れない気概” – the courage not to fear\n> the enemy\n> * “勇ましい” as ①”勢いが強い” – have strong force, ②”勇敢である” - be brave\n> * “勇敢” as ”勇ましく、果断なこと” - to be courageous, bold and decisive.\n>\n\nIn my understanding, 勇気 (noun) is a spiritual property you own. 勇敢 (noun) is\nthe state of performing 勇気. 勇ましい (adjective) is a style of demonstrating 勇気.\n\nYou can say \"You have ”勇気” like “君は勇気がある - You have a brave spirit,” but you\ncannot say you have “勇敢.” You can be 勇敢 and 勇ましい, e.g. 彼は勇敢である。彼は勇ましい。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-21T02:11:58.923",
"id": "32326",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-04T08:03:25.247",
"last_edit_date": "2016-05-04T08:03:25.247",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "32185",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Did you notice 類語辞書で詳しい使い方を調べる \"more usage info on thesaurus\" links on the\npages you cited? I think it explains everything for you.\n\nI'll make the summary:\n\n * 勇気 is the _noun_ \"courage\", while the other two are adjectives \"courageous, brave\" (勇ましい is an _i-adj._ and 勇敢 is a _na-adj._ )\n\n * 勇ましい is \"in a brave manner; making them feel brave\" and 勇敢 is \"with a brave heart\". Here's an excerpt from [the thesaurus entry](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/2681/meaning/m0u/): \n\n> （○ 勇ましい／○ 勇敢な）若者 _a -- young man or woman_ \n> （○ 勇ましく／○ 勇敢に）戦う _fight --ly_ \n> （○ 勇ましい／× 勇敢な）マーチ _a -- march (song)_ \n> （○ 勇ましい／× 勇敢な）軍服姿 _in a -- military uniform_ \n> 犬が熊に（× 勇ましく／○ 勇敢に）立ち向かう _a dog confronts a bear --ly_ \n> (Well, I think I could use 勇ましく if the dog were a Tibetan mastiff...)\n\nNote: 勇敢 also has a noun use \"bravery\" but it's almost obsolete nowadays. Use\n勇敢さ instead.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-21T11:04:36.947",
"id": "32337",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-21T11:37:16.783",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-21T11:37:16.783",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "32185",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 32185 | 32321 | 32321 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32190",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> 首相は \n> 「想定の利益が出ないなら当然支払いに影響する。 \n> **給付に耐える状況にない場合は、給付で調整するしかない** 」 \n> と述べ、\n\nThis is more a need for translation help. \nI am going to share my analysis about this text.\n\n> The prime minister said \n> [If the supposed profit will not arrive, of course it will have influence\n> on payments. \n> If it looks like we come to a situation where we cannot bear the payments,\n> we will make adjustment through them (The payments).]\n\nにない=Negative of 似る \n給付で調整するしかない= I think で in this case has the meaning of \"by means of\".\n\nHere is the source: \n<http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/hl?a=20160215-00000074-jij-pol>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-15T21:14:13.327",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32186",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-21T04:14:37.397",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-16T09:29:20.467",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "Economic Sentence Translation help",
"view_count": 147
} | [
{
"body": "You made one mistake, but _**only accidentally**_ , it did not affect your\ntranslation too badly. The mistake is in thinking that:\n\n> \"にない = Negative of [似]{に}る (= to not look like)\"\n\n「にない」, in this context, is particle 「に」 + 「ない」. It has nothing to do with the\nverb 「似る」.\n\n> 「A[状況]{じょうきょう}に **ある** 」 = \"(something) is in situation A\".\n>\n> 「A状況に **ない** 」 = \"(something) is **not** in situation A\"\n\n(I also need to point out that it is _**not**_ possible or grammatical to say\n「状況似ない」 to begin with. You need a particle in between, which happens to be a\n「に」.)\n\nThe rest of your understanding is indeed excellent.\n\nThe part 「[給付]{きゅうふ}に[耐]{た}える状況にない[場合]{ばあい}」 could be translated as:\n\n> \"In case we do not find ourselves in a situation to bear the payments\"\n\nThis TL is pretty literal, of course.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T00:06:47.317",
"id": "32188",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-20T05:49:56.447",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32186",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Looking just at the bolded part, here's a different take on it:\n\n * _\"If circumstances do not support [the current level of] benefits, then our only recourse is to adjust benefit [levels].\"_\n\nThe bits in square brackets are implied in the Japanese, and help make the\nEnglish more idiomatic. More about this below in **Breaking it Down**.\n\n## Key Points\n\n * 給付{きゅうふ} more commonly refers to _\"benefits\"_ , as in bonuses, paid vacation, housing allowances, that kind of thing -- in the context of this article, specifically 年金給付: retirement pension benefits.\n * にない here is に + ない _\"not in (a place, circumstance, etc.)\"_ , not 似ない _\"doesn't resemble\"_.\n * Your interpretation of で in the second clause seems to fit.\n\n## Breaking It Down\n\n * 給付に耐える状況にない場合は →\n\n * 給付 _\"benefits\"_\n * に _\"at, to, against\"_ , etc.\n * 耐える _\"stand up to, resist\"_ , also _\"to merit, to be worth\"_ , by extension from _\"to be able to stand up to_ \"\n\n \nThe above all modifies 状況 _\"circumstances, conditions, situation\"_ , producing\n_\"circumstances that can withstand benefits\"_\n\nIdiomatically, one generally doesn't talk about _\"benefits\"_ this way in\nEnglish: what is ultimately being talked about is the **cost** of providing\nthese benefits, which can also be described as the **level** of benefits.\n\nFurthermore, circumstances in English don't _withstand_ or _endure_ a level of\nspending, they **support** a level of spending.\n\n * XX 状況にある場合 / XX 状況にない場合 \n場合 is a bit of an idiomatic Japanese term. The above phrases basically mean\n_\"if / when in XX circumstances\"_ and _\"if / when **not** in XX\ncircumstances\"_.\n\n * 給付で調整するしかない →\n\n * 給付 _\"benefits\"_\n * で indicating instrumental, _\"by means of\"_\n * 調整する _\"to adjust\"_\n * XX しかない _\"nothing but XX\"_ → _\"we can do nothing but XX, we have no recourse but XX\"_\n\n \nThe implied object of the adjustment is spending. \"To adjust spending by means\nof benefits\" effectively means \"adjusting benefit spending itself\", so as\nEnglish, it is clearer to simply say this directly: _\"to adjust benefit\nlevels\"_.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T00:58:00.530",
"id": "32190",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-16T00:58:00.530",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "32186",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "“…にない” means “not in the situation / status.” Even though you misunderstood\nthis part as “the negative of 似る,” your translation of the quoted sentence\nisn’t too much off the mark.\n\nYou can simply change the first few words:\n\n> In case we should come to a situation where we cannot bear the payments, we\n> will make adjustment through them (The payments).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-21T02:45:48.890",
"id": "32328",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-21T04:14:37.397",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-21T04:14:37.397",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "32186",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 32186 | 32190 | 32190 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found the following sentence\n\n> たとえばさえりさんの頭が10ヶ月ずっと痛かった **としたら** 、それが通常になると思いますか？\n\nFrom this article: <http://liginc.co.jp/241030>\n\nWhy does he opt to use ずっと痛かったとしたら rather than simply ずっと痛かったら ?\n\nWhat is the nuance being communicated in cases like these?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T00:09:05.057",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32189",
"last_activity_date": "2020-03-14T08:42:17.823",
"last_edit_date": "2020-03-14T08:42:17.823",
"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
"owner_user_id": "13569",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "～としたら What is the purpose in this context?",
"view_count": 135
} | [
{
"body": "The difference is fairly subtle, but it is there.\n\nThe nuance is that using 「としたら」 helps the speaker emphasize the fact that it\nis a **_hypothetical_** discussion that he is engaged in at the moment.\n\nI must add, though, that the difference that 「としたら」 creates is **not** all\nthat substantial because 「ずっと[痛]{いた}かったら」 is already hypothetical without\nusing 「としたら」.\n\nI think that the difference is like one between:\n\n> \"If the pain were to continue\" and \"If the pain continued\".\n\nThe former would have the feeling of 「～～としたら」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T01:11:37.737",
"id": "32191",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-16T01:11:37.737",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32189",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 32189 | null | 32191 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the song, he says \"君の中に落としたひとりを\" and I know hitori is \"一人\" but it's not a\nverb, yet it's at the end of a sentence:\n\n> また隠した もう一つの夢の中で見てた夜を思い出した \n> 君の中に落としたひとりを \n> 見つけないで 僕はまだいないから\n\nIs it used because he's a male like putting \"da\" at the end of a sentence? I'm\ntranslating it as \"Inside you I dropped...\" but then the rest doesn't make\nsense with \"alone\". What does を mean here?\n\n * The song is \"White Silence\" by TK*",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T02:58:30.223",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32192",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-16T13:44:32.980",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-16T13:41:47.307",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "13572",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-を"
],
"title": "What is \"を \" used for when not attached to a verb at the end of a sentence?",
"view_count": 192
} | [
{
"body": "The sentence did not end with を.\n\nInstead of reading it as (～ひとりを), it should be read as (～)を見つけないで which means\n\"don't look for ～\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T13:44:32.980",
"id": "32207",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-16T13:44:32.980",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "542",
"parent_id": "32192",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 32192 | null | 32207 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32198",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am playing through the Toradora visual novel, and the context is that Ryuuji\nhad lost his memory and doesn't remember his own name. When his friend, Taiga,\ncalls him \"Ryuuji,\" he says:\n\n> その。。。『りゅうじ』というのは、俺の名前でよかったか？\n\nI understand that he is saying: \"Ryuuji,\" is that my name?\n\nBut I don't understand why よかった is used here. Usually I think of よかった as\n\"thank goodness,\" \"it was good,\" or \"would have been good.\" This context\ndoesn't seem to match up with the regular よかった that I'm used to seing. Or\nperhaps am I just over-thinking this?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T03:05:25.413",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32194",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-16T14:31:13.813",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10587",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "An alternate connotation of よかった？",
"view_count": 199
} | [
{
"body": "良い has some meanings. 良い in this case means \"right\" and \"correct\", so\n『りゅうじ』というのは、俺の名前でよかったか? is translated as \"Was it right that りゅうじ is my name?\".\n\nFor example, この食べ物は健康に良い is translated as \"This food is good for health\" and\nthis 良い means \"good\".\n\nあなたの探している本は、この本で良いですか? is perhaps translated as \" Is this book right? The book\nwhich you are looking for is.\" and this 良い means \"right\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T04:29:26.513",
"id": "32198",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-16T14:31:13.813",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-16T14:31:13.813",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "32194",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32194 | 32198 | 32198 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32202",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I would like to know if わきみち _wakimichi_ 【脇道 · わき道】 is common. It's my\nunderstanding that it means \"side street\" or \"alley\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T06:18:05.880",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32199",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-21T09:35:20.627",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-16T07:22:51.653",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "12460",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"usage"
],
"title": "Is わきみち wakimichi 【脇道 · わき道】 common?",
"view_count": 112
} | [
{
"body": "In the Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese (BCCWJ, 少納言, via\n<http://nlb.ninjal.ac.jp>), 脇道 has 129 entries\n\n```\n\n 脇道 103 results\n わき道 25 results\n 傍道 1 result\n \n```\n\nSo, 脇道 is the most common spelling. A few words of roughly the same frequency\nyou might know are 小皿 (129), ガールフレンド (129), かき氷 (129), レーズン (130), 嫁入り (130).\nSo, for something meaning \"side street\" I would say that it's common enough to\nbe worth remembering.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T07:21:30.900",
"id": "32202",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-21T09:35:20.627",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-21T09:35:20.627",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "32199",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32199 | 32202 | 32202 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32226",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Following is an excerpt from 「涼宮ハルヒの憂鬱」. My questions concern the last\nsentence.\n\n> 世界の物理法則がよく出来ていることに関心しつつ自嘲しつつ、いつしか俺はテレビのＵＦＯ特番や霊特集を熱心に観なくなっていた。\n>\n> いるわけねー……でもちょっとはいて欲しい、みたいな **最大公約数的な** ことを考える **くらいにまで** 俺も成長したのさ。\n\nThere are two points of confusion, marked in bold.\n\n 1. 「最大公約数的な」\n\nI realize that it is not used in a mathematical sense (right?), and according\nto [this 知恵袋\npost](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q129563692), it\nseems it can also mean something like \"looking at the points of similarity or\ncompromise between multiple opinions or opposing parties,\" but I am not sure\nhow this definition applies here. Perhaps it just means \"rational\" here?\n\n 2. 「〜くらいにまで」\n\nI haven't seen this construct before, but I assume it can be interpreted as\n\"at least to the point that ...\"?\n\nI am wondering what に is doing here though. I haven't seen くらい・ぐらい used with\nany following particles. Is it optional?\n\nIn fact, would it be okay to replace this with just まで?\n\nI would appreciate help understanding this phrase as well.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T07:02:16.497",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32200",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-17T02:36:09.873",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "9838",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "trouble with comprehension: 最大公約数的な and くらいにまで",
"view_count": 204
} | [
{
"body": "My interpretation of the \"最大公約数的な\" part is that he is talking about making a\ncompromise, or middle ground, between those who totally believe in UFOs and\nghosts, and those who don't believe at all.\n\nWhile I haven't seen \"くらいにまで\" used very often, from the context I am pretty\nsure it means that he has grown to the extent where he can think about the\nabove.\n\nSo to sum it up, here is a guess at a (very rough) translation.\n\n> いる分けねー……でもちょっとはいて欲しい、みたいな最大公約数的なことを考えるくらいにまで俺も成長したのさ。\n>\n> There's no way they exist... But actually I kind of hope they do exist, at\n> least a little. I think even I've learned to be able to see both sides of\n> this and take a middle ground stance.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T13:25:24.197",
"id": "32206",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-16T13:25:24.197",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"parent_id": "32200",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "In mathematics, 「[最大公約数]{さいだいこうやくすう}」 means the \" ** _greatest common\ndivisor_** \" and naturally, the meaning is very clear and concrete.\n\nOutside of math, it has a pretty much established definition of \" ** _common\nground_** \". It is still highly related to its original meaning in math.\n\nThe \"problem\", however, is when people make an **_adjective_** out of it --\n「最大公約数[的]{てき}な」. It suddenly becomes a few steps more colloquial in feeling,\nif not quite slangy. It becomes a pretty fuzzy buzzword without a clear-cut\ndefinition.\n\n(Adding 「的な」 to random nouns and noun phrases is just a new trend in the\nlanguage. If you listen to older people carefully, you will notice they\nrarely, if ever, do that like their children and grand-children do.)\n\n「最大公約数 **的な** 」, in my own words, can mean: \"neutral and not extreme\",\n\"noncommittal\", \"grey-area-ish\", etc. Now you know why I said \"fuzzy\" a while\nago.\n\n**In the context in question, the speaker is saying that he has grown and\nlearned enough to not be so extreme in his thinking. Regarding UFOs and\nghosts, he now thinks they may actually exist and he wants them to exist to an\nextent instead of completely denying or completely believing their\nexistence.**\n\nMoving on...\n\n「～～く(or ぐ)らいにまで」 is a fairly common phrase. It is much more common than you\nappear to think, I assure you.\n\n**_\"(up) to the level where ~~ happens\"_** is what it means.\n\nThe 「に」 turns the phrase into an adverbial form that modifies the verb\n「[成長]{せいちょう}した」. Is it optional? Informally, yes, I must say, but it sounds\n\"nicer\" if you used it.\n\nWould it be Ok to use just 「まで」 instead of saying 「くらいにまで」? Grammatically,\nyes, but you will look like either you wrote in haste or you do not know how\nto speak/write naturally.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-17T02:36:09.873",
"id": "32226",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-17T02:36:09.873",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32200",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32200 | 32226 | 32226 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32205",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "English version:\n\n> _As he is very lazy, he doesn't even wash his hands before eating._\n\nJapanese version (but incomplete):\n\n彼は、非常に怠惰なので、食べる前に、手を洗っていない。\n\nHow do we add \"even\" in Japanese to my translation above?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T07:04:43.927",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32201",
"last_activity_date": "2018-08-04T15:04:20.690",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to say \"even\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 5654
} | [
{
"body": "I would use 「も」 as in:\n\n> 彼はとてもめんどくさがり屋(なの)で、食事の前に/食べる前に手 **も** 洗わない。",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T08:32:42.807",
"id": "32203",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-16T08:57:20.750",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-16T08:57:20.750",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "32201",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "You can say your English version in various ways in Japanese, e.g.\n\n> 彼はとても[物臭]{ものぐさ}なので、[食前]{しょくぜん}に手も洗わない。\n>\n> 彼は非常に[怠]{なま}け者なので、食べる前に手を洗うことすらしない。\n>\n> 彼はとても[生臭]{なまぐさ}で、手も洗わないで食事をする。\n>\n> 彼は全くルーズな男（[面倒臭]{めんどうくさ}がり屋）だから、食事の前に手も洗わない。\n\n“非常に怠惰” sounds somewhat bookish to me. It’s a big word as @l’electeur pointed\nout, and I wouldn’t use ‘怠惰’ in daily conversation.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T12:10:07.630",
"id": "32205",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-17T06:44:22.650",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "32201",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 32201 | 32205 | 32205 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32217",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[Wiktionary](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%84%9B#Japanese) says that's in\nJapanese kanji \"愛\" means \"love\" and \"affection\" however after checking on a\n[Translator](https://translate.google.com/#ja/en/%E6%84%9B) in no case does\n\"愛\" mean \"affection\". Supposedly [愛情 is\n\"affection\"](https://translate.google.com/#en/ja/affection), the only\ndifference being \"情\" added on the end. After realizing this I decided to check\nwhat \"情\" meant but I then found out that it also means\n[affection](https://translate.google.com/#ja/en/%E6%83%85). How can a word\nhave more than 1 kanji and how can a kanji share words. Also what is the\ncorrect kanji for \"Affection\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T11:52:44.907",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32204",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-16T19:55:48.440",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-16T17:38:10.650",
"last_editor_user_id": "12553",
"owner_user_id": "12553",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"kanji",
"homophonic-kanji"
],
"title": "Which of these means affection 愛情, 愛 or 情?",
"view_count": 1746
} | [
{
"body": "愛 is the \"concept\" of love. 愛情 is the physical emotion that humans feel. 「情」\nbe can added to other things in a similar way:\n\n> [感情]{かんじょう} Emotion(s)\n>\n> [友情]{ゆうじょう} Friendship\n>\n> [情熱]{じょうねつ} Passion (lit. \"emotional heat\")\n>\n> （彼は）[情]{じょう}がない (He has) no compassion/sympathy for others.\n\nSee a pattern?\n\nThe broader issue for you here (which I've seen from some of your other posts\nas well) is that it seems you want a clean one-to-one mapping between English\nwords and Japanese words/Kanji. It's very natural to want this, and we all\nfeel your pain. Unfortunately that's not the way it works.\n\nWords are just labels for ideas/concepts we have in our heads. Some words\npoint to the same ideas, some single words point to multiple ideas. Sometimes\nwe don't have a label for a concept that exists in another culture, and vise\nversa. It's something like this:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ijHVS.png)\n\nThis is just how languages work. For now, just keep learning, and keep asking\nquestions.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T19:55:48.440",
"id": "32217",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-16T19:55:48.440",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "8021",
"parent_id": "32204",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 32204 | 32217 | 32217 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32209",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Reading a newspaper article I came across a sentence which gives me multiple\ntroubles...\n\n> 昨春に始まったツアーは日米や東南アジアなど１３カ国・地域で１４０万人を集める見通し。アジア人歌手では過去最大級となる。\n\nRegarding では, would it be correct to treat it like \"concerning\" \"in regard\nto\"? Also I am not sure how to translate 過去最大級 and the function of と in となる。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T14:29:37.153",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32208",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-10T01:28:59.263",
"last_edit_date": "2021-11-10T01:25:05.973",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "12455",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"particles"
],
"title": "Trouble with translation 「アジア人歌手では過去最大級となる。」",
"view_count": 233
} | [
{
"body": "> 「アジア[人歌手]{じんかしゅ} **では** [過去]{かこ}[最大級]{さいだいきゅう}となる。」\n\nIn this context, 「では」≒「の[中]{なか}では」 = \" **among** (all Asian singers)\"\n\n「過去最大級」 means \" _ **of the largest scale so far**_ \".\n\n「～～ **と** なる」 is a little bit more formal way of saying 「～～ **に** なる」, but\n「～～となる」 here does not really mean \"to become ~~\". It means basically the same\nthing as 「～～である」 = as in \"A is B.\", \"A will be B.\", etc.\n\nIn addition, the subject of the sentence is unmentioned (as usual).\n\n> \"It will be of the largest scale ever among all Asian singers.\"\n\n\"It\" refers to the scale of the concert tour.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T14:46:41.877",
"id": "32209",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-10T01:28:59.263",
"last_edit_date": "2021-11-10T01:28:59.263",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32208",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 32208 | 32209 | 32209 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32224",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As Jerry Seinfeld says: \" _Jokes that require an explanation are never funny._\n\"\n\nSo, I want to do a wordplay on the pronunciation of `紐` = `日も`. I've delivered\nit as such:\n\n> typical set-up: \n> 日本の文化はけっこう尊敬してます。じょじょに慣れてきてます。そのため、この前自然が多い所で、俳句ができた: \n> あめのひも、かぜのひも、くつのひも; \n> (if written) 雨の日も、風の日も、靴の紐;\n\nI've gotten nothing but blank stares. I explain and get perfunctory smiles.\n\nI've tried pronouncing \"日も\" with a rising \"も\" and \"紐\" with a falling \"も\", but\nit is not working.\n\nIs it possible to frame this wordplay to sound funny? \nDoes it need to be set-up differently? \nIs it a pronunciation problem?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T15:52:33.873",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32210",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-17T01:34:22.903",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12506",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"pronunciation",
"jokes"
],
"title": "How can I frame this ダジャレ to sound funny?",
"view_count": 193
} | [
{
"body": "It will never sound like a haiku because it doesn't follow the 5-7-5 pattern.\nDo you know how Japanese haiku are read?\n\nWhat's worse, it lacks the \"story\". 靴の紐 was delivered all of the sudden, and\nwe can't understand how it relates to the other part. If there were enough\ncontext, this theoretically would work as a joke. Oh, [I found a real\nexample](http://21happy.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-97.html):\n\n> 初めてのベックマンを履き、歩いた。 \n> (略) \n> しかし、少し歩いていると徐々に足が痛くなってきた。 \n> (略) \n> しかし、ここであきらめるわけにはいかない。 \n> 私はいつか聞いたことがあるのだ。 \n> 「レッドウイングのブーツは履けば履くほど自分の足になじみ、 \n> 形を変え、最高のブーツになる」という話を。 \n> それからも私はベックマンを履き倒した。痛みをこらえ、歩いた。 \n> **雨の日も風の日も靴の紐。** \n> ほどけた紐を結び直し、己を鼓舞しまた歩いた。\n\nSo the author was spending many days worrying about his shoes. That makes the\nbold line a meaningful pun.\n\nWithout any context, I don't think I can make people laugh with this. But\nmaybe _you_ can do so [if you perform very well taking advantage of being a\nforeigner](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=frFUdx_PMgA). A professional native\ncomedian may be able to turn this into a good gag in various ways (don't ask\nme how).\n\n* * *\n\nA 紐/日も \"pun\" would theoretically work on haiku/waka, too.\n\n> 唐衣 **日も** 夕暮れになるときは返す返すぞ人は恋しき\n\nThis is an actual waka from\n[古今和歌集](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokin_Wakash%C5%AB) which uses a\n[掛詞](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakekotoba) on 紐+結う+暮 and 日も+夕暮.\n[Explanation here](http://blog.zaq.ne.jp/nandemo-circle/article/2722/). (well,\nyeah, 掛詞 is not intended to be a laughable joke.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-17T01:27:52.817",
"id": "32224",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-17T01:34:22.903",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-17T01:34:22.903",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32210",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32210 | 32224 | 32224 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32216",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 沢庵 ｛たくあん｝ 「花御堂にかざる花を、一人で摘むのはたいへんだ、わしも手伝おうよ」 \n> お通 ｛つう｝ 「そんな、裸のままで、見ッともない」 \n> 沢庵 「人間は元来、裸のものさ、かまわん」 \n> お通 「いやですよ、尾いて来ては！」\n>\n> お通｛つう｝は逃げるように、寺の裏へ駈けて行った。やがて負い籠を背にかけ、鎌を持って、こっそり裏門からぬけてゆくと、沢庵｛たくあん｝は、\n> **どこから捜してきたのか** 、ふとんでも包むような大きな風呂敷を体に巻いて、後から歩いてきた。\n\n宮本武蔵（1935年–1939年、朝日新聞連載、吉川英治）\n\nDoes it refer to Takuan finding お通 (who was trying to sneak out) or the\nふとんでも包むような大きな風呂敷?\n\nReference: <http://www.aozora.gr.jp/cards/001562/files/52396_49781.html>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T18:00:34.860",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32213",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-17T10:10:44.093",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-17T10:10:44.093",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12413",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 捜す refer to here?",
"view_count": 137
} | [
{
"body": "My immediate assumption as I read it was that どこから捜してきたのか referred to the odd\n風呂敷 he had wrapped around him, giving a \"where the heck did he find that?\"\nimpression.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T19:21:00.593",
"id": "32216",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-16T19:21:00.593",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "8021",
"parent_id": "32213",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32213 | 32216 | 32216 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32223",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "お通｛おつう｝ is grieving for 又八｛またはち｝(武蔵｛たけぞう｝ is his friend) who left for war a\nyear ago:\n\n> その又八｛またはち｝は、村の武蔵｛たけぞう｝といっしょに、去年の夏、戦へとびだしてから、その年が暮れても、沙汰がなかった。正月には――二月には――と\n> **便りの空だのみ** も、この頃は頼みに持てなくなった。もう今年の春も四月に入っているのだった。\n\n宮本武蔵（1935年–1939年、朝日新聞連載、吉川英治）\n\nWhat does 便りの空だのみ mean （空 pronounced as そら in audiobook)? Is it a fixed\nexpression?\n\nReference: [aozora.gr.jp/cards/001562/files/52396_49781.html\n](http://aozora.gr.jp/cards/001562/files/52396_49781.html)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T18:07:22.200",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32214",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-17T07:19:04.213",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-16T18:12:41.077",
"last_editor_user_id": "12413",
"owner_user_id": "12413",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 便りの空だのみ mean?",
"view_count": 161
} | [
{
"body": "It should be parsed as:\n\n> 「[便]{たよ}り + の + [空]{そら}だのみ」\n\nThe \"key\" element here is 「空」, which _**does not**_ mean \"sky\". It means\n\"empty\", \"vain\", etc.\n\nThus, 「空だのみ」 means \"hope against hope\". 「たのみ」＝「頼み」. 「だ」 is a rendaku.\n\n「便り」 means \"correspondence\", \"letter\", \"news\", etc.\n\nAll in all, you should have something like:\n\n> \"indulging in vain hope for a letter\"\n>\n> \"hope against hope for some news\"\n\nThe 「空」 part could be read 「から」 as well. Not sure which one was the author's\nintended reading.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-17T00:04:43.667",
"id": "32223",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-17T07:19:04.213",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32214",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 32214 | 32223 | 32223 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32218",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have two questions regarding the opening lines of a short story called\n真夜中の王女(midnight princess)\n\n> ある王国 **でのこと** 。 \n> うつくしい王女が十五歳でなくなって、そのなきがらをおさめたひつぎが、教会にはこびこまれた。\n\n 1. Is the use of でのこと just to give the impression that something is happening or taking place.\n 2. Is the verb associated with object marker をおさめた 収める？And if so is なきがらをおさめたひつぎが a polite set phrase that means the burial casket. or is the literal meaning they want because it is a horror story therefore it would be something like corpse interned coffin.\n\nso my interpretation is, In a kingdom a 15 year old beautiful princess passed\naway and her corpse interned casket was carried to the church.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T18:18:51.067",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32215",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-16T21:23:17.283",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-16T21:23:17.283",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12553",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"meaning",
"particle-の",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "why is でのこと used?",
"view_count": 203
} | [
{
"body": "For your first question, 王国のこと would just refer to \"something about a certain\nkingdom\". Adding で to get \"王国でのこと\" means \"something that happened in a certain\nkingdom\".\n\nTo give a similar example \"バスでの旅行\" means \"a trip via a bus\". Removing the で\nhere would mean just \"a trip of a bus\".\n\nSo yes, your interpretation of this point is generally correct.\n\nSince this looks like a fairy tale, if you were doing a proper translation you\nmight use a more appropriate English phrase, like \"Once upon a time in a\nkingdom\".\n\nFor your second question, I think Choco's comment confirms the usage of the\nverb おさめる in question here.\n\nI would translate this part more as \"the coffin carrying the princess's\nbody...\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T20:38:26.383",
"id": "32218",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-16T20:38:26.383",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"parent_id": "32215",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 32215 | 32218 | 32218 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32222",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "We know that Yamada is not afraid of anything. Then, Nagasawa says:\n\n> 「山田君のように、怖いもの知らず **っていうのにも** 、ちょっと憧れちゃうけどな...」 \n> Like Yamada, even though I said I'm not afraid of anything, I have a little\n> admiration but...\n\nI think my translation must be wrong because Nagasawa never did say that he\nwasn't afraid of anything (we only know this about Yamada). Also, It's not\nclear to me why this would result in him having admiration.\n\nSo I think I'm messing up the っていうのにも part. I'm guessing that the whole\nsentence is supposed to mean:\n\n> I have a little admiration for people like Yamada who aren't afraid of\n> anything but...\n\nBut I can't bend っていうのにも to my will. How do I break down this sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T21:34:13.763",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32219",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-17T09:03:28.607",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-16T23:17:56.740",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of っていうのにも",
"view_count": 1138
} | [
{
"body": "> I have a little admiration for people like Yamada who aren't afraid of\n> anything but...\n\nYou've got the gist.\n\nAnecdotally, if someone actually said something, the Kanji 「言」 is used in\n「～と言う」. If no Kanji, then you're bringing the preceding statement into the\nspotlight. Here, it can be interpreted roughly as \"the fact that\", but its\nreal use is more general. という, っていう, or just って are used like this:\n\n> [猫]{ねこ}って[動物]{どうぶつ}は[可愛い]{かわいい}な\n>\n> お前っていうやつは・・・ (common in Anime/Manga)\n>\n> 君は何でもできる **というのが** すごい\n\nIf you get the last example, you should be able to retackle your sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T23:27:41.690",
"id": "32221",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-17T09:03:28.607",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "8021",
"parent_id": "32219",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> 「[山田君]{やまだくん}のように、[怖]{こわ}いもの[知]{し}らず **っていうのにも** 、ちょっと[憧]{あこが}れちゃうけどな...」\n\n「っていうのにも」＝「っていうの + にも」\n\n「の」 is a nominalizer. ⇒ \"this thing called 怖いもの知らず (as seen in Yamada)\"\n\n「に」 always goes with the verb 「憧れる」 as in 「～～ **に** 憧れる」 = \"(I) yearn for ~~\",\n\"(I) long for ~~\", etc.\n\n「も」 here is the implicit kind of \"also\" and I am sure you have seen it before\n(because we use it like 80 times a day, literally). The speaker does **_not_**\nsay what other things he longs for.\n\nThus, the middle part of your first TL: \"Like Yamada, even though **_I said\nI'm not afraid of anything_** , I have a little admiration but...\" is pretty\nmuch guesslation. The speaker did not **say** anything, and it is not him who\nis not afraid. It is Yamada.\n\nYour second TL is much better and is closer to what the original says.\n\nMy own attempt:\n\n> \"I sorta yearn a bit for the (kind/level of) fearlessness as Yamada's,\n> but...\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-16T23:49:57.347",
"id": "32222",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-17T08:59:03.987",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-17T08:59:03.987",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32219",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "There are a few things that aren't literal here.\n\n**っていう**\n\nThis can mean \"that kind of thing\", \"the fact that\", etc. It does not mean\nthat anyone has actually said anything about it. In this case, 怖いもの知らずっていう\nwould mean something like \"The thing known as not knowing fear\".\n\n**けどな...**\n\nThis may actually mean 'but' depending on the context, but the rest of the\nsentence makes it sound like a casual 'though' that doesn't link up to\nanything. For example, \"I already went to the supermarket though\", \"I still\nwant cheese though\", etc.\n\nAs for **のにも** :\n\n「の」is basically the same as 「こと」in this case. It's kind of hard to translate\ninto English, but you've probably seen this construct in something like 泳ぐ\n**の** が好き for example.\n\n「に」as another answer said is related to the verb 憧れる.\n\n「も」is used in the sense that \"This isn't bad either\".\n\nSo the closest translation would probably be:\n\n> \"I also kind of yearn to be fearlessness like Yamada, though.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-17T01:51:27.667",
"id": "32225",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-17T09:02:22.847",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-17T09:02:22.847",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9132",
"parent_id": "32219",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 32219 | 32222 | 32222 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32229",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was reading and I somehow got confused on what is the best way to say\nsomething like:\n\n> She cooked 10 grams more of rice.\n\nI have some ideas but I would like to know which one is the correct one.\n\nIn Japanese you go from the [Background information]>[Important information],\nthat is what I read in a book, at least. \nSo:\n\n> 米１０グラム大きく炊いた \n> 米を１０グラム大きく炊いた \n> 米を１０グラムで大きく炊いた \n> 米１０グラムで大きく炊いた\n\nI am not sure which one is the correct one, but could I have an explanation\nwhy?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-17T08:02:08.873",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32228",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T03:10:40.890",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-19T03:10:40.890",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Nouns, Counters, Adverbs of quantity",
"view_count": 422
} | [
{
"body": "One natural way to say this would be\n\n> 米を10グラム **多く** 炊いた。\n\nたくさん would be replaced with other adverbs such as たくさん, 余分に, 余計に, 多めに. But you\nwould end up with a fairly awkward sentence if you used 大きく.\n\nAside from grammar, of course 10 grams of rice is too small a quantity; we\nusually say 200グラム, [1合](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%8D_\\(unit\\)), etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-17T08:19:14.600",
"id": "32229",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T03:06:51.000",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-19T03:06:51.000",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32228",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "First of all 大きく炊いた is unnatural and 多く炊いた is natural.\n\n米を１０グラム多く炊いた is natural. This を is used for the object.\n\n米１０グラム多く炊いた is sometimes used. を is omitted here.\n\n米を１０グラムで大きく炊いた and 米１０グラムで大きく炊いた are unnatural because the sentences don't\nneed で.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-17T08:24:28.067",
"id": "32230",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T03:07:40.703",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-19T03:07:40.703",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "32228",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 32228 | 32229 | 32229 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uxFub.png)\n\nWhat is this kanji between 今日は and って? I can't recognize, and a search by\nradical don't return anything.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-17T10:31:16.780",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32231",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-17T15:47:40.047",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-17T15:47:40.047",
"last_editor_user_id": "11830",
"owner_user_id": "13586",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"writing-identification"
],
"title": "What is this Kanji?",
"view_count": 207
} | [
{
"body": "> 今日{きょう}は帰{かえ}って\n>\n> Kyou ha kaette\n\nThe radicals are [刀 (in the form\n刂)](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%80%E9%83%A8),\n[彐](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%91%E9%83%A8) or\n[巾](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B7%BE%E9%83%A8).",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-17T10:39:05.090",
"id": "32232",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-17T12:21:21.280",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11830",
"parent_id": "32231",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32231 | null | 32232 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I looked up both words in a\n[dictionary](http://jisho.org/word/%E5%A3%B2%E3%82%8C%E3%82%8B), but they both\nmeant the same thing, \"to sell\".\n\nI was confused because I've been playing around with verb conjugation, and one\nsite told me that 売る was a godan verb meaning \"to sell\", hence naturally the\npotential form of this godan verb would be \"売れる.\" However, it appears that\n\"売れる\" isn't merely a conjugated form of \"売る” and is itself a verb, having its\nown conjugations....I'm confused\n\nMaybe conjugations have conjugations?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-17T11:01:00.690",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32233",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T14:59:16.843",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-17T12:02:03.917",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "13583",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 売る and 売れる？",
"view_count": 1992
} | [
{
"body": "売る is a transitive verb which means \"sell\". 売れる is a specific verb because it\nhas two types: a potential verb of 売る and an intransitive verb. It is\ngenerally used as an intransitive verb. The meaning of 売れる is written\n[here](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/21238/meaning/m0u/).\n\nFor example, the 売れる of この本は、よく売れる doesn't have the meaning as potential.\n\nIn addition, when [五段活用]{ごだんかつよう} verbs change to [下一段]{しもいちだん}活用 verbs, they\nsometimes become potential verbs and they are called [可能動詞]{かのうどうし}. For\nexample, when a 五段活用 verb 書く changes to a 下一段活用 verb 書ける, it is a potential\nverb of 書く.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-17T14:39:51.267",
"id": "32240",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T14:59:16.843",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-19T14:59:16.843",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "32233",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 32233 | null | 32240 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32236",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a phrase like:\n\n> 面白{おもしろ}半分に見る\n\nor\n\n> 面白半分に言う\n\nWhat is the concept behind the 半分 and why is it connected with the verb using\nに?\n\nIs it like \"all things have two parts/aspects\": _serious_ (真剣半分?) and _fun_\nand the action takes part \"on the\" fun part (as opposed to the other equal\npart), thus being similar to the English \"side of the coin\"? Or is it\nsomething different?\n\nAre there any other phrases using this concept?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-17T12:53:27.773",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32235",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-18T08:39:06.960",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-18T08:39:06.960",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "11104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"etymology",
"idioms"
],
"title": "What is the image/feeling/concept behind 面白半分に◯◯する?",
"view_count": 217
} | [
{
"body": "The 面白 comes from 面白い which as you probably know means \"fun, interesting\". The\n半分 part means \"half\".\n\nThe expression ”面白半分に” means literally to do something \"half fun\", \"half\nserious\" (as you hinted at). See the definition in the dictionary\n[here](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/9050/meaning/m0u/%E9%9D%A2%E7%99%BD%E5%8D%8A%E5%88%86/).\nThe \"に\" acts to make the phrase an adverb which is acting on a verb such as 見る\nor 言う in your examples.\n\nThe [Japanese\ndefinition](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/33409/meaning/m0u/%E9%9D%A2%E7%99%BD%E5%8D%8A%E5%88%86/)\nof this word says \"興味本位の気持ちがあって、真剣さに欠けていること\" which means something like\n\"Having a curiosity about something, but lacking in seriousness\".\n\nI think this can be translated in various ways depending on the situation,\nsuch as \"just for fun\", \"half in jest\", etc.\n\nYou can see [this page](http://lovehallo.seesaa.net/article/278683512.html)\n(Japanese) which gives a brief description of the phrase. The author of that\narticle indicates it may have a slight negative connotation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-17T13:14:52.057",
"id": "32236",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-17T15:19:39.137",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-17T15:19:39.137",
"last_editor_user_id": "11825",
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"parent_id": "32235",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
]
| 32235 | 32236 | 32236 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How do I say an action was performed \"by\" someone?\n\nFor example:\n\n> I was rejected _by_ him.\n>\n> I was laughed at _by_ him\n\nSorry if I'm not making sense.. basically when someone else does something to\nanother person.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-17T13:50:49.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32237",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-18T08:14:33.460",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11735",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "How to say \"by ___\"",
"view_count": 4587
} | [
{
"body": "\"に\" coupled with the [passive\nform](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/causepass) of a verb will\ndo the trick.\n\n> I was rejected by him\n>\n> 彼に断られた\n>\n> I was laughed at by him\n>\n> 彼に笑われた\n\nIn the above examples, the English \"by\" would correspond to the \"に\".\n\n* * *\n\nThe passive form can also be combined with the causative form, to form a\ncausative-passive form.\n\n> He made me laugh\n>\n> 彼に笑わせられた",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-17T14:05:54.580",
"id": "32238",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-17T14:13:26.077",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11830",
"parent_id": "32237",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
]
| 32237 | null | 32238 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32244",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What are all the characters in this calligraphy? Overall, what does it mean?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/B9YYV.jpg)\n\nas per the accepted answer, just wanted to share the complete porcelain set I\nhave. It is kind of cool:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/oJ5jV.jpg)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-17T14:19:21.553",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32239",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-17T23:54:16.143",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-17T20:49:20.940",
"last_editor_user_id": "12506",
"owner_user_id": "12506",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"calligraphy",
"writing-identification"
],
"title": "How to read this calligraphy? What does it mean?",
"view_count": 246
} | [
{
"body": "It says 「[陶]{とう}びな [元光作]{げんこうさく}」.\n\nThat means \"Ceramic Hina Dolls Produced by Genkou\"\n\nThe ひ-to-び change is by [rendaku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendaku).\n\nIn case anyone is unfamiliar with Hina-Matsuri, [Wiki has\nit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinamatsuri).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-17T15:52:50.103",
"id": "32244",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-17T23:54:16.143",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-17T23:54:16.143",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32239",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32239 | 32244 | 32244 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32245",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I know that this words means \"Leader\", but I need help thinking of a _keyword_\nthat helps me decipher words containing the Kanji 将.\n\nTake this word for example 未成年. To me, individually, these Kanji means, \"not\nyet\", \"turn into\" and \"year\". With these keywords, I can then pull the meaning\nout from this Kanji by saying something like, \"Well, if the YEAR has NOT YET\nTURNED of you then you're probably stuck at a young age. Therefore your a\nMINOR\".\n\nHere's another example using the Kanji 未来. Individually, the key words are,\n\"not yet\" and \"come\". Again, my thinking will be along the lines of, \"Hmm...\nif something has NOT YET COME, it will take some time to get here. Therefore,\nIt will arrive sometime in the FUTURE\".\n\nCan you see how this makes sense? So here's where things don't make sense for\nme.\n\nAs far as I know (and yes I'm pretty knew to Japanese), this 将 means LEADER.\nBut when I use that keyword to decipher this kanji 将来, it just doesn't make\nsense. Individually these are, \"leader\" and \"come\". So I'm thinking, \"Well...\nit's erm... a LEADER that has to COME/arrive sometime in the FUTURE. Like a\nFUTURE president maybe?\n\nSomehow this just doesn't gel for me. Need help. So what keywords should I be\nusing for 将 that will help me decipher other words?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-17T15:02:19.723",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32241",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-24T02:13:21.607",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13589",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 将 mean?",
"view_count": 867
} | [
{
"body": "「将」, as a kanji (and not as a word in Japanese), can mean \"will\" and \"shall\".\n\nSo, if you look at 「将来」 as \"will come\" or \"shall come\", it actually is quite\nlogical that it means \"future\".\n\nSee:\n[http://www.mdbg.net/chindict/chindict.php?page=worddict&wdrst=0&wdqb=%E5%B0%86](http://www.mdbg.net/chindict/chindict.php?page=worddict&wdrst=0&wdqb=%E5%B0%86)\n\n(The kanji you see on that page is the Chinese version of「将」.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-17T16:14:22.640",
"id": "32245",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-17T16:14:22.640",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32241",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "While I completely agree with l'électeur's answer, I wanted to give a related\nopinion on this matter.\n\nEven though the Kanji meaning works out in the case, studying Japanese I've\nfound certain cases where it is hard to match a Kanji's (common) meaning with\nthe overall meaning of compound. For example the word 流石, whose meaning\ndoesn't seem to relate very well to its constituent parts (even if you can\nprovide a counter example to this compound, I think it's hard to disagree that\nthis can occur).\n\nI think it's great to try and learn each Kanji's individual meaning and\nassociate that with the compound meanings to a certain extent. However,\neventually you will encounter words that you just have to learn \"as is\", and\naccept there are exceptions or usages of Kanji that are no longer in common\nuse.\n\nIn this specific case, I think 将's most common meaning is \"leader\", though as\nothers pointed out there are other meanings. But I am not sure how common\nthose are, or if it is worth trying to memorize all possible meanings for each\nKanji.\n\nIf nothing else, learning various meanings of Kanji can be fun and an\ninteresting trip through history (:",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-17T16:47:41.227",
"id": "32246",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-18T08:06:33.620",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-18T08:06:33.620",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"parent_id": "32241",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "See the [Wiktionary Entry for\n將](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B0%87#Chinese) ( _Shinjitai_ : 将):\n\n> A conflation of two roots: “to take; to hold” and “will; be going to; near”.\n\nThe reason why it's hard to connect the meanings of「将」in the question is\nbecause it's being used to represent two different root words.\n\n* * *\n\n**Character structure**\n\n「將」is comprised of a _hand_ 「寸」 _taking/holding_ a _piece of meat_ 「肉・⺼」and a\nphonetic「爿{しょう}」.\n\n> 「爿{しょう}」depicts a _resting table_ , and was the original form of「床{しょう}」(\n> _bed_ ).\n\n**Meaning 1: _Leader_ , [Sino-Tibetan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-\nTibetan_languages) root**\n\n「將」originally referred to a word meaning _take/hold > to hold power > leader_\n, cf.「將軍」( _Shinjitai_ :「将軍{しょうぐん}」).\n\n**Meaning 2: _Will/shall_ ,\n[Austroasiatic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages) root**\n\n「將」is a phonetic loan for this meaning, which is preserved in Chinese\nloanwords like「將來」( _Shinjitai_ :「将来{しょうらい}」).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-04-24T02:13:21.607",
"id": "67782",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-24T02:13:21.607",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "26510",
"parent_id": "32241",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 32241 | 32245 | 32245 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32243",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've seen people saying that this flower has an うまそう name. Why is that? Does\nit sound similar to some candy or what?\n\nExamples include <https://twitter.com/hanabot_aph/status/699851458590543872>\nor 24th episode of 怪盗セイントテール, where Asuka can't remember what the flower is\ncalled and all he knows is that it has a tasty sounding name.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-17T15:17:08.620",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32242",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-17T15:22:13.980",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12271",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "What is so うまそう about the flower name スノードロップ?",
"view_count": 114
} | [
{
"body": "It's probably because ドロップ is a type of hard candy, similar to something like\n\"lemon drops\" (though not necessarily lemon). See\n[this](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%89%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%83%97)\nwikipedia page for details.\n\nIt may also be because of the connection of スノー to スノーコーン(snow cone). I am not\nsure how often this word is used in Japanese but you can see an example\n[here](http://www.amazon.co.jp/Nostalgia-%E3%83%8E%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A2-%E3%81%8B%E3%81%8D%E6%B0%B7%E6%A9%9F-%E3%82%B9%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3/dp/B004L8EXZA).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-17T15:22:13.980",
"id": "32243",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-17T15:22:13.980",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"parent_id": "32242",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32242 | 32243 | 32243 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32254",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How to say that I (or someone else) wants to do something less (for example I\nwant to sleep less) in Japanese? What about I want to have less of something?\n(For example I want to eat less, or I want to have fewer problems.)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-17T19:14:28.097",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32247",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-18T08:55:28.187",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-17T21:11:25.217",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "11958",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How to say \"less\" in Japanese (I want to do X less)",
"view_count": 9796
} | [
{
"body": "`less` is a powerful English word which doesn't have a direct equivalent in\nJapanese for all cases. It depends on the action you're talking about. For\nsleep, you could say:\n\n> [毎日]{まいにち}もっと[短]{みじ}かく[寝]{ね}たいな。\n>\n> Gloss: Every day - more - shortly - want to sleep - eh\n>\n> TL: \"Man, I wish I could sleep less every day.\"\n\nHere we see \"more + adverb\" that fits the verb (referring to time here).\n\nAnother way to get around this is to say something grammatically different but\nfunctionally the same (re: to have less of something):\n\n> 服をちょっと[減]{へ}らした[方]{ほう}がいいんだな\n>\n> Gloss: Clothing - a little - ought to reduce - eh\n>\n> TL: I should really get rid of some of this clothing. (while inspecting\n> one's overflowing closet, for instance)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-17T20:02:05.550",
"id": "32248",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-17T20:02:05.550",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "8021",
"parent_id": "32247",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Literal translations such as 「(もっと/より)少なく + verb + したい」 would sound\nunnatural... There would be several ways to say that, but off the top of my\nhead right now, I think you could probably use 「～を少なくしたい」 or 「～を減らしたい」, as in:\n\n> 睡眠時間/寝る時間を減らしたい。 \n> 睡眠時間/寝る時間を少なくしたい。 \n> I want to sleep less. (lit. I want to decrease sleeping time.)\n>\n> 食べる量を減らしたい。 \n> 食べる量を少なくしたい。 \n> I want to eat less. (lit. I want to decrease eating amount.)\n>\n> 問題を減らしたい。 \n> 問題を少なくしたい。 \n> I want to have fewer problems. (lit. I want to decrease problems.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-18T08:55:28.187",
"id": "32254",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-18T08:55:28.187",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "32247",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
]
| 32247 | 32254 | 32254 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was wondering, what the difference is between 〜ておく and 〜っぱなし? For example,\nhow is the sentence お皿を洗いながらお水を出しっぱなしにしました。different from\nお皿を洗いながらお水を出しておきました。? Thanks.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-17T20:19:32.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32249",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-18T07:43:21.840",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11698",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Difference between 〜ておく and 〜っぱなし",
"view_count": 308
} | [
{
"body": "These two phrases are totally different, and please see other questions for\nthe general meanings.\n\n～ておく ≒ do something in advance / in preparation for something. (Maybe you left\nthe place after that, but it's not necessary)\n\n * [What's the meaning of 〜ておきます?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12964/5010)\n * [What does the \"~ておく\" mean in \"任せておく\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5216/5010)\n * [What exactly is おく doing in 聞いておく?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2997/5010)\n\n～っ放【ぱな】しにする\n\n * [What is the difference in terms of grammar between ～かける and ～っぱなし?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5860/5010)\n * [What is the difference in terms of grammar between きり and っぱなし?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/5855/5010)\n\n* * *\n\n> お皿を洗いながらお水を出しっぱなしにしました。\n\nThis means you didn't turn off the water _while_ you were doing the dishes. A\ntypical response to this would be \"Oh, please don't do that next time, let's\nsave water.\"\n\n> お皿を洗いながらお水を出しておきました。\n\nThis is a bit strange sentence, but a typical response to this would be \"Wait,\nwhat do you mean? Maybe the water is still turned on? Stop it!\" It's because\nthe sentence sounds somewhat like \"While I was doing the dishes, I didn't\nforget to turn on the water in advance\", as if you had some other purpose you\ndidn't mention.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-18T01:15:56.463",
"id": "32250",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-18T07:43:21.840",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:43.857",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32249",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 32249 | null | 32250 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32252",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was playing Fire Emblem If (暗夜) yesterday and came across a construction I\ndid not know beforehand, な-adjectives apparently turned into adverbs using く.\n\n> お前｛まえ｝のことは、父上｛ちちうえ｝に上手｛じょうず｝く言っておこう\n\nI am not sure I understand the function of `上手く` here. My rough translation\nis:\n\n> Let's prepare your father by telling him about what you did well.\n\nBut I am not sure at all about how 上手 fits into this sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-18T02:32:44.773",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32251",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-18T07:40:53.280",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-18T07:40:53.280",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "3614",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"adjectives",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Adding く to な-adjectives?",
"view_count": 100
} | [
{
"body": "This one's weird because it's not actually じょうず like you'd think; it's うまい,\nwhich is an i-adjective and can be conjugated like you see there.\n\nNow, translation is not exactly one of my stronger suits, but I was able to\nfind a dictionary entry for this on Jisho:\n<http://jisho.org/search/%E4%B8%8A%E6%89%8B%E3%81%8F>",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-18T02:49:14.057",
"id": "32252",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-18T02:49:14.057",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12154",
"parent_id": "32251",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 32251 | 32252 | 32252 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32265",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "English version:\n\n> The teacher scolded Nakamura kun several times but each on different day.\n\nMore precisely, for example, Nakamura kun got scolded on Sunday once, on\nWednesday once, and on Friday once.\n\nJapanese version (incomplete):\n\n> 先生は中村君を叱った。\n\nHow to say the phrase \"several times but each on different day\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-18T12:36:32.623",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32255",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-18T23:32:47.450",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to say \"Several times but each on different day\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 387
} | [
{
"body": "If what you need is a math problem language:\n\n> 先生は中村君を [A] 、それぞれ（異なる／別の）日に叱った。\n\nWhile in [A] you could use:\n\n * 数回\n * 何回か\n * 数度\n * 何度か",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-18T17:45:58.787",
"id": "32265",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-18T17:45:58.787",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "32255",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "You can render \"each on different day\" as それぞれ別の日に but it's still ambiguous if\nit's several times a day, so I'd say 先生は中村くんを 日を分けて 何度か叱った。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-18T23:32:47.450",
"id": "32274",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-18T23:32:47.450",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "32255",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 32255 | 32265 | 32265 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32283",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Someone just asked me the difference between 「ことがある」(when it means \"there are\ntimes when\") and 「ときがある」, and I actually couldn't answer since I have never\nreally thought about this...\n\nCould someone teach me the nuance between those two? thanks.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-18T12:47:06.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32256",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T07:14:22.010",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-18T12:49:02.730",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9539",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between ときがある and ことがある",
"view_count": 508
} | [
{
"body": "This is a difference that I've been interested in myself for sometime.\n\nThe other day, I saw a children's education video (made for Japanese children)\nwhich specifically said the \"〜したときがある” version was incorrect and ”〜したことがある\"\nwas correct. In all Japanese textbooks I have read, I have only seen こと used\nfor this construction.\n\nI found [this](http://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/1169988.html) page where a Japanese\nperson is asking the same question.\n\nThe quick summary is that several people say using とき for this is just plain\nincorrect, and one person says it is a new expression young people have\nstarted using. The fact the children's video specifically highlights this\ngrammar mistake makes sense if many young people have started using it.\n\nSome other people say it might be a dialect of certain regions, and one person\nspecifically says he/she has heard someone using it in a certain region. The\nquestion poster asks whether using とき this way is an expression particular to\nTokyo, and while one answerer agrees with this, another person disagrees. (One\nperson also debates what \"Tokyo dialect\" means since some consider their\nJapanese the \"standard\", though I won't get into this here).\n\nAlso, one person does say that the specific phrase \"するときもある\" would be\nacceptable.\n\nSo I think the short answer is that Japanese people will understand if you use\n〜とき, however you should definitely stick with 〜こと to be safe.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-18T13:05:37.040",
"id": "32258",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-18T13:11:14.560",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"parent_id": "32256",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "> 「ことがある」(when it means \"there are times when\") and 「ときがある」\n\nI don't see much difference between:\n\n> ワインを飲んで頭が痛くなる **こと** があるんです。 \n> ワインを飲んで頭が痛くなる **とき** があるんです。\n\nI think they practically mean the same thing. \"There are times when~~\"\n\"sometimes / occasionally~~\". To me, ときがある sounds a little bit more casual\nthan ことがある.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T03:48:14.230",
"id": "32278",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T03:59:54.590",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-19T03:59:54.590",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "32256",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "I am going to discuss two things that I feel might be of interest.\n\n> 1) Explicit Meaning\n>\n> 2) Implied Frequency & Predictability\n\nThe differences are quite subtle. In fact, unless your friend is really\napproaching a native-level fluency, I might just show him/her @choco's answer\nand hide my own. Showing my answer could cause more confusion.\n\n> **_Explicit Meaning:_**\n\nThe difference is that while the expression 「 **とき** がある」 already contains a\ntime/frequency word in 「とき」, 「 **こと** がある」 does not contain such an element at\nleast explicitly.\n\nIn other words, 「～～ **とき** がある」, all by itself, means \" ** _there are times\nwhen ~~_**.\", \" ** _(Something) happens once in a while_**.\", etc. just like\none might expect the expression to literally mean. **An additional frequency\nword would often be unnecessary** , if not forbidden. If I said:\n\n> 「 **ときどき** 食べすぎる **とき** がある。」,\n\nthe redundancy should be \"physically\" clear. (I assure you, though, that\nnative speakers sometimes do say something like that in informal settings.)\n\nWith 「 **こと** がある」, however, it would actually sound better if you\nintentionally added a frequency word to it for clarity.\n\n> 「 **ときどき** 食べすぎる **こと** がある。」\n\nsounds 100% natural with no redundancy or a hint of awkwardness.\n\n> **_Implied Frequency & Predictability:_**\n\nThis is in no way a clear-cut rule or anything, but I feel as a native speaker\nthat「 **とき** がある」 would often tend to imply a higher frequency of the event\nthan 「 **こと** がある」 would.\n\nIn addition, 「 **こと** がある」 would tend to express a higher degree of\n**_unpredictability_** of the event than 「 **とき** がある」 would. There is this\n\"as-a-matter-of-fact\" kind of feeling associated with 「 **とき** がある」.\n\nThere is a sort of an \"element of surprise\" expressed in 「 **こと** がある」, at\nleast more so than in 「 **とき** がある」.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T07:14:22.010",
"id": "32283",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T07:14:22.010",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32256",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 32256 | 32283 | 32283 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32262",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Reading a raw manga and 願いは叶う was the chapter name which I think is \"Wishes\nCome True\" however after checking online \"Wishes Come True\" is apparently\n[願いが叶います](https://translate.google.com/#en/ja/wishes%20come%20true), there is\n2 differences, one being は and が the other is 叶う and 叶います, please explain what\nthese differences are and which phrase i should use.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-18T14:54:08.607",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32260",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T14:45:06.237",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-18T17:30:30.113",
"last_editor_user_id": "9212",
"owner_user_id": "12553",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"manga"
],
"title": "願いは叶う or 願いが叶います?",
"view_count": 193
} | [
{
"body": "叶う is called the \"simple\" or \"dictionary\" form of 叶います. 叶う to me is the \"true\"\nor \"original\" form (grammatically), while 叶います is the polite derivation.\nOnline translators will often give translations in polite form (～ます、～です)\nbecause they want to avoid learners being impolite. The rule of thumb for this\n(and Japanese classes in general) is that you can never go wrong or offend\nanybody with polite form. You _could_ with the simple form, if you aren't\ncareful.\n\n_Well then,_ I hear you say, _why can't the chapter title use polite\nlanguage?_\n\nPolite language implies that real humans are talking, and that there is some\nsort of human-to-human relationship structure. No one is \"saying\" your manga\nchapter per se, so there is no need to be formal. For the same reason, novels\nand newspapers are always written in simple form.\n\nExamples:\n\n> 叶う→叶います (to come true)\n>\n> [書]{か}く→[書]{か}きます (to write)\n>\n> [殺]{ころ}す→[殺]{ころ}します (to kill)\n>\n> [立]{た}つ→[立]{た}ちます (to stand)\n>\n> [死]{し}ぬ→[死]{し}にます (to die)\n>\n> [読]{よ}む→[読]{よ}みます (to read)\n>\n> [走]{はし}る→[走]{はし}ります (to run)\n>\n> だ→です (to be)\n\nNotice a pattern?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-18T15:40:11.830",
"id": "32262",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-18T15:53:45.747",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "8021",
"parent_id": "32260",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Both は and が are particles of subject words, and those meanings are almost the\nsame. Though が is more emphatic than は. For example, が is used in\ninterrogative sentences for subject words usually.\n\n> \"Who ate cookies?\" ｢誰がクッキーを食べましたか？｣ \n> \"I ate cookies.\" ｢私がクッキーを食べました。｣\n\nIn the case of interrogative sentences for object words:\n\n> \"What did you eat yesterday?\" ｢あなたは昨日何を食べましたか？｣ \n> \"I ate cookies.\" ｢私はクッキーを食べました。｣\n\nThose two conversations are not replaceable.\n\nThere is a detail of that in this site. <http://www.japanese-\nlanguage.aiyori.org/article1.html>\n\n \nIncidentally, が is used as follows.\n\n> \"the cookies I ate\" ｢私が食べたクッキー｣\n\nが had a meaning of の in ancient Japanese. の is a particle for the possessive\ncase.\n\n> \"my cookies\" ｢私のクッキー｣\n\nBecause \"the thing I do\" has a meaning of \"mine\", が is used in this case.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-18T16:54:23.630",
"id": "32264",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T14:45:06.237",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-19T14:45:06.237",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "13598",
"parent_id": "32260",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Difference between 願いは叶う and 願いが叶う is that the former is an answer to \"How\nwill my wish be?\" and the latter is that to \"What will happen then?\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-18T23:41:34.823",
"id": "32275",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-18T23:41:34.823",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "32260",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 32260 | 32262 | 32264 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32273",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I do not know what is the correct word for ライヤ in the song 雷火ライヤ from Stella\nGlow, nor its meaning.\n\nThere are 2 sources that give the title of the song:\n\n> * [雷火{らいか}来耶{ライヤ}](http://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/nm26475768)\n> * [雷火{らいか}来夜{ライヤ}](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VF08XFj0sdI)\n>\n\nAlso up for consideration is 来也 from\n[自来也](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiraiya).\n\n* * *\n\nHere are the lyrics from the first stanza:\n\n> 歌えや雷火ライヤ、おどれや雷火ライヤ \n> 拍手と喝采の波さえ愛紡ぐ \n> 怒りも雷火ライヤ、力よ雷火ライヤ \n> 祭り囃子煽り立てよ、巡りあう星たちを \n> 全て武器にして猛る心で \n> 熱き疾風となってこの空駆けるや\n\nAnd the corresponding lines involving ライヤ for the next stanza:\n\n> * 浮かれや雷火ライヤ、騒げや雷火ライヤ... ...\n> * 祈れや雷火ライヤ、讃えや雷火ライヤ... ...\n>\n\n* * *\n\nThoughts for 来夜:\n\n * The English title is \"Fiery Night\". \n * But would it not simply be 雷火夜 then? What does 来 add to this apart from musical metre/rhythm?\n\nThoughts for 來也:\n\n * There exists 自来也 which possibly comes from 我来也 , which I understand as \"I am come\" as an archaic expression (much like the grammar in the Christmas carol lyric \"Joy to the world, the Lord **is come** \")\n * In this sense I imagine 雷火来也 to mean \"Fire is come\" with archaic tones.\n\nI have no arguments for 来耶 except that it be a variant of 來也.\n\n**What is the correct word in the lyrics, and what does it mean?**",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-18T15:32:54.090",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32261",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-18T22:18:29.597",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-18T15:42:07.590",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "542",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "Identification of ライヤ: 来夜、来耶、来也 and its meaning",
"view_count": 341
} | [
{
"body": "I don't the think kanji-level analysis is that meaningful, because らいや sounds\nto me like just a not-so-rare person name.\n\nAnyway, from what I could google [Both 来夜 and 来耶 seem to be typo, and 來夜 is\nthe correct spelling](https://youtu.be/dMpU0mdnm-8?t=3m28s). (來 is an old form\nof 来)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/wE86t.png)\n\n[The person who wrote this song](http://blog.zaq.ne.jp/ayune/article/98/) says\nit's 雷火 **來夜** , too. Literally it just means \"upcoming night\", of course, but\nI don't know the implication.\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT:** The lyricist explains how 雷火來夜 was invented. She even clearly states\n来耶 is a typo :-)\n\n>\n> かけ声のような言葉を多用して盛り上がる感じにしてほしい、とのことだったので、火の魔女らしくて響きのイイ呪文のような音を探していくうち、閃いたのが「雷火」という言葉、「ライカライカ？」→「ライカライヤ！」でした。 \n>\n> これなら和風の造語にして、「来たる夜」の意味を込めたいなと「雷火來夜」に決めました。「雷火来耶」という表記がたまにあるけど、難しいほうの「來」に「夜」の表記になります^^*",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-18T21:43:38.110",
"id": "32273",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-18T22:18:29.597",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-18T22:18:29.597",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32261",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 32261 | 32273 | 32273 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32272",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm reading a book that contains this sentence:\n\n> 携帯やパソコンでのメール等｛とう｝のやり取りすらしていない・・・\n\nMy first instinct is to read 等 as など, but it has explicitly been given the\npronunciation とう via the ruby characters in the text. Of course, とう is a valid\nreading for 等, but usually only in compound words. Is this a typo, or am I\nmissing some hidden meaning?\n\nThis context perfectly fits with the following dictionary definition\n(デジタル大辞泉), hence my inclination to read it as など:\n\n> など【▽等／×抔 】\n>\n> １ 一例を挙げ、あるいは、いくつか並べたものを総括して示し、それに限らず、ほかにも同種類のものがあるという意を表す。…なんか。「赤や黄―の落ち葉」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-18T16:33:28.347",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32263",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T01:39:45.273",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-19T01:39:45.273",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "12436",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Inaccurate ruby for 等?",
"view_count": 217
} | [
{
"body": "Both readings are valid in this sentence, and they're semantically the same.\nBut とう sounds much more formal.\n\nFWIW, 常用漢字表 only gives the readings of とう and ひと-しい for this kanji. など is\nwidely used, but it's a kind of customary reading.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-18T21:25:31.573",
"id": "32272",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-18T21:25:31.573",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32263",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32263 | 32272 | 32272 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Both seem to mean \"demon\". Are they synonyms?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-18T18:00:26.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32266",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-18T21:16:39.793",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-18T19:15:24.040",
"last_editor_user_id": "11216",
"owner_user_id": "13600",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 魔{ま} and 鬼{おに}?",
"view_count": 742
} | [
{
"body": "悪魔【あくま】 is the word which corresponds to the English word _demon_. For example\n[Belphegor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belphegor) is a typical 悪魔.\n\n魔 by itself sometimes refers to 悪魔, but it's a more general kanji which means\n_evil_ or _evil things_. It includes Western-style 悪魔, Japanese evil entities\nlike [閻魔](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yama), and monsters in general.\n\nIn modern usage, 鬼 usually refers to one certain type of Japanese monster,\nwhich has two horns and colorful (mainly red) skin. Here's the result of\nGoogle Image Search:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/SiwVT.png)\n\nThe kanji 鬼 probably used to refer to ghosts and demons in general (Wikipedia\nsays 鬼 means _ghost_ in Chinese), and serious Buddhists may have another\ndefinition I'm not familiar with. But it's safe to think it only refers to\nthis stereotyped 鬼 today, at least among ordinary people.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-18T21:11:37.260",
"id": "32271",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-18T21:16:39.793",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-18T21:16:39.793",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32266",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 32266 | null | 32271 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32270",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm unsure on what the と in this sentence means:\n\n山田さんと電話で話します。\n\nI'm pretty sure it doesn't mean ''and'' like it usually does so I just wanted\nto know.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-18T18:16:41.237",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32267",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-18T20:22:40.587",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12449",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Meaning of と in this sentence from BKB Lesson 9",
"view_count": 117
} | [
{
"body": "とcan have a number of meanings depending on how it is used. In this particular\ncontext it corresponds with English \"to\" or \"with\" as in:\n\n> I will call Mr. Yamada on the phone\n\nor\n\n> I will speak to Mr. Yamada on the phone.\n\nYour impression that と means \"and\" is correct. You could analyze a sentence\nlike\n\n> A と B と\n\nas \"with A, with B\" and perhaps you might see how it is that such a construct\nis better translated as \"A and B\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-18T20:22:40.587",
"id": "32270",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-18T20:22:40.587",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4875",
"parent_id": "32267",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 32267 | 32270 | 32270 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Shouldn't there be の to signify that 悪 modifies 魔? It seems to be a one word\nand not a phrase, how do we know if a double kanji is such a single word and\nnot two separate ones when reading a text?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-18T23:54:38.557",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32276",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T03:36:31.743",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-19T03:36:31.743",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13602",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particle-の",
"compounds",
"modification"
],
"title": "Why is it 悪魔 and not 悪の魔?",
"view_count": 129
} | [
{
"body": "> Shouldn't there be の to signify that 悪 modifies 魔?\n\nNo. This term was borrowed in its entirety from Chinese, as a single term.\n\nBorrowing aside, two-character compounds are generally parsed as single terms\n-- even those coined in Japan.\n\n> It seems to be a one word and not a phrase, how do we know if a double kanji\n> is such a single word and not two separate ones when reading a text?\n\nFundamentally, one learns to recognize such things over the course of time in\nstudying the language.\n\nTo better answer your question, as above, it's a good bet that many (most?)\nkanji pairs that don't have kana in between are probably compounds. Many\n(most?) such compounds are also read using the _on'yomi_ , which is useful\ninformation when trying to either pronounce these terms or look them up in a\ndictionary.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T02:39:51.500",
"id": "32277",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T02:39:51.500",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "32276",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 32276 | null | 32277 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32281",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I heard this expression from 7!!(Seven Oops)'s song \"Orange\". I don't\nunderstand what it mean by 涙を預けて.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T06:25:00.930",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32279",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T06:58:52.220",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13606",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "What does it mean by 涙を預けて?",
"view_count": 177
} | [
{
"body": "It's not an idiomatic phrase at all, and it's hard to guess, really. But\njudging from [the whole\nlyrics](https://www.musixmatch.com/ja/lyrics/7-6/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8-Orange),\nI guess the phrase basically says \"I won't cry over this separation any more\nafter this sunset (＝\"オレンジ\" here)\".\n\nAside from the primary meaning ( _to deposit_ something so that one can\nwithdraw afterwards), 預ける also means \"to let others decide completely\", \"to\ndelegate\", \"to leave something up to someone\", etc.\n\n> * 物事の処理を人にゆだねる。紛争や勝負の決着を第三者に一任する。「勝負を―・ける」\n> ([デジタル大辞泉](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/4172/meaning/m0u/))\n>\n\nSo I think 「沈む夕焼け オレンジに染まる街に涙を預ける」 can be understood as something like \"My\ntears will go away with this sunset\" or \"I'll leave my tears in this orange\ntown forever\". Obviously he doesn't want to \"take back\" his tears.\n\nThat's how I felt, but I would like to hear opinions from others.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T06:58:52.220",
"id": "32281",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T06:58:52.220",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32279",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 32279 | 32281 | 32281 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32282",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I've just began learning some Kanji by looking-up how the numbers are written\n(and read) and suddenly bumped into confusion while watching some tutorials. I\ncan hear the tutors pronouncing a number in on-yomi (just like in a\ndictionary, where all on-yomi are written in Katakana) but for some reason\nthey write these number Kanji in Hiragana (instead of Katakana). Is it to make\nthe learning process easier by keeping attention away from yet another script\n(Katakana) or do they write on-yomi with Katakana only in dictionaries whereas\nin real life they actually write on-yomi with Hiragana (just like kun-yomi is\nwritten with Hiragana in dictionaries)?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T06:40:05.440",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32280",
"last_activity_date": "2021-09-29T03:57:47.583",
"last_edit_date": "2021-09-29T03:57:47.583",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "13605",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"numbers"
],
"title": "Why some tutorials teach writing Japanese numbers with Hiragana when they are actually written with Katakana (as on-yomi) in dictionaries?",
"view_count": 1113
} | [
{
"body": "> they write on-yomi with Katakana only in dictionaries whereas in real life\n> they actually write on-yomi with Hiragana (just like kun-yomi is written\n> with Hiragana in dictionaries)?\n\n↑ This is the answer. Using katakana to indicate on-yomi is one convenient way\nto distinguish on and kun, but not all dictionaries do so.\n\nIn everyday life, the reading of 五, for example, is usually written as ご\n(hiragana) even if it's on-yomi. Take a look at some random questions in this\nsite and you can find that readings of kanji are almost always indicated in\nhiragana.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T07:07:45.297",
"id": "32282",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T07:07:45.297",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32280",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "Because it's a long tradition of kanji dictionaries, succeeded from the \"first\nJapanese kanji dictionary\"\n[漢和大字典](http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/862746/64).\n\nTechnically, kanji were foreign notions in Japanese; _on'yomi_ was the\n**pronunciation** , and _kun'yomi_ was its **definition** in Japanese.\nTherefore, it's very natural that they used katakana to mark the former, and\nhiragana for the latter. Suppose there's a dictionary entry _fiancé_ -- it's\nthe kanji; and next to the headword is [fee-ahn-SEY] -- it's the on'yomi;\nfollowing it will be written \"betrothed\" -- this is the kun'yomi.\n\nFor this reason, every dictionary that explains kanji writes on'yomi in\nkatakana and kun'yomi in hiragana to this day, even though we use them both in\nhiragana unless there are special meanings.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T07:37:47.977",
"id": "32284",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T07:46:16.183",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-19T07:46:16.183",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "32280",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
},
{
"body": "In general, outside of specialised contexts like dictionaries and books for\nyoung children, Japanese words are written in hiragana while non-Japanese\nwords are written in katakana or romaji. Since the Japanese numbers are\nJapanese words, they should normally be written out in hiragana (いち、に、さん、よん).\nFor most practical purposes, of course, they are written in Arabic numerals\n(1,2,3,4) or kanji (一、二、三、四).\n\nIt's also the case that many Japanese courses for foreigners teach hiragana\nfirst, katakana second, and kanji later. Since the numbers are always an early\ntopic when learning a new language, it is likely that only hiragana will be\nknown by the student at the time (besides romaji, that is).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-10-07T04:21:04.020",
"id": "62013",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-07T04:21:04.020",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "31490",
"parent_id": "32280",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 32280 | 32282 | 32284 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32287",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is there a name for kanji with the same _on_ and _kun_ reading? I mean kanji\nlike 労.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T10:37:07.887",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32285",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T15:14:50.090",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-19T10:51:57.710",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "13608",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings"
],
"title": "Is there a name for kanji with the same ON and KUN readings?",
"view_count": 338
} | [
{
"body": "I'm not sure there are kanji that have the same _on_ and _kun_ reading and if\nthere are, they would be extremely rare. For this to happen you would have to\nhave a native Japanese word (at most two morae), which happens to be\npronounced like a _on_ reading (quite unlikely) and that word happens to be\nthe _on_ reading of the _kanji_ that matches the meaning of the original\nJapanese word (extremely unlikely).\n\nFor example, か \"mosquito\" could be an _on_ reading of a kanji. But it's not\nthe _on_ reading of the kanji that matches the meaning \"mosquito\", which would\nbe 蚊【ブン】. So, we get 蚊 with _kun_ reading か and _on_ reading ブン.\n\n* * *\n\nIt may happen that the _on_ reading of a single kanji may be used as a word by\nitself (e.g. 駅). That doesn't make the reading a _kun_ reading.\n\nAlso, sometimes the _on_ reading of a kanji may be used in verbs (e.g. 愛す or\n転じる). Even if the verb can be written in hiragana (as in あいす or てんじる), that\ndoesn't make the reading (あい or てん) a _kun_ reading. These verbs, that look\nlike\n\n> [ _on_ reading] + す \n> [ _on_ reading] + じる \n> [ _on_ reading] + ずる\n\nare fossilized versions of\n\n> [ _on_ reading] + する\n\nas in 勉強する \"to study\" and you will agree that べんきょう isn't a _kun_ reading of\n勉強 just because it appears in べんきょうする.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T11:17:26.147",
"id": "32287",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T15:14:50.090",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-19T15:14:50.090",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "32285",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "A few kanji do have the same on- and kun-readings. In the [joyo-kanji\nlist](http://kokugo.bunka.go.jp/kokugo_nihongo/joho/kijun/naikaku/kanji/joyokanjisakuin/),\n\n * [死](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/92455/meaning/m0u/)\n * on: シ as in 死亡【シボウ】 (death), 死体【シタイ】 (corpse)\n * kun: 死【し】ぬ (to die)\n * [架](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/srch/jn/%E6%9E%B6/m0u/)\n * on: カ as in 高架【コウカ】 (elevated/raised (road)), 担架【タンカ】 (stretcher)\n * kun: 架【か】ける (to build (a bridge))\n\nI don't know the name for this type of kanji. These are probably mere\ncoincidences and I wonder if this will help people learn Japanese.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T13:37:11.380",
"id": "32292",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T13:37:11.380",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32285",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 32285 | 32287 | 32292 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32289",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "**I need help understanding というもの in the sentence\n貴方一人を御し得ないようでは私の器も知れるというもの.**\n\nI am reading Fate/Stay Night: Unlimited Blade Works and one of the servants\n\"Caster\", is going to use her blade to take control of another servant. Since\nhe is a traitor she is not sure if it would be the best move and she is\nhesitating on whether or not to use the blade. He told her that he could\nbetray her, but since the conditions are in her favour, as long as Caster has\nthe upper hand he will not do so.\n\nHer response:\n\n> 「令呪とは、裏切り者を罰する為にある、でしょう？ \n> ……いいわ。 **貴方一人を御し得ないようでは私の器も知れるというもの。** \n> もとより貴方の“宝具”には興味があった事だし、思惑にはまってあげましょう」\n\nMy understanding:\n\n> * Verb-ますstem + 得ない = Cannot Verb.\n> * 貴方一人を御し得ない =I cannot control only you\n> * ようでは = If [with negative result]\n>\n\nMy translation:\n\n> Command seals are there in order to punish traitors, right? \n> Ok. If I can't control you alone, you will know my (tool, device which in\n> this context is a) blade. From the beginning I had an interest in your\n> \"Noble Phantasm\", I will go on with your intention.\"\n\nFan Translation:\n\n> \"The Command Spell is there to punish the betrayer, right? \n> …All right. I shall prove to the world that I am great enough to take you\n> in. \n> I am interested in your Noble Phantasm, so I will follow your plan.\"\n\n**How does というもの add on to the nuance of the sentence?**",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T10:50:16.873",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32286",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-20T00:09:52.867",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-19T16:12:03.433",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Strange usage of というもの",
"view_count": 412
} | [
{
"body": "It's some ancient accent invented (or adapted?) by the author, you will never\nhear any real person say that. \"というもの\" here is close to \"だもの\" or \"ですもの\" or\n\"ということだけ\", which emphasizes that the person is very confident about what he /\nshe said.\n\nBut \"器\" in this sentence doesn't mean \"device\", in the common phrase \"器が知れる\"\nit means one's power / caliber / capacity to control and lead others.",
"comment_count": 11,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T12:31:07.890",
"id": "32289",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T15:46:24.360",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-19T15:46:24.360",
"last_editor_user_id": "13609",
"owner_user_id": "13609",
"parent_id": "32286",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "That …というもの（だ） means that it's natural for everyone to consider it that way.\nI'd translate it to \"Without being able to control you alone, that **should**\nbe the limit of my capability\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-20T00:09:52.867",
"id": "32307",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-20T00:09:52.867",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "32286",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32286 | 32289 | 32307 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32294",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Google Translator gives me no result.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T12:38:40.693",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32290",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T14:02:24.163",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13602",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of 乃?",
"view_count": 2076
} | [
{
"body": "The kanji 乃 was first used to indicate a range of meanings patterned on\nChinese usage; afterwards, it was used as a monyougana for the syllable _no_.\nAs such, it later evolved into the cursive shape の, which is now standard. It\nis sometimes seen on shop signs and the like much like you might encounter \"Ye\nolde shoppe\" in England; there, it is usually read _no_ and stands for the\ngenitive particle. In this style of writing, 之 is also sometimes used with the\nsame reading. Both usages are considered old fashioned.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T14:02:24.163",
"id": "32294",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T14:02:24.163",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13610",
"parent_id": "32290",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 32290 | 32294 | 32294 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32319",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm reading the novel 下町ロケット now and one part that really surprised me is when\nseveral of the members from one company speak to members of the other company\nwithout using 敬語 (for example \"やめた方がいいよ”).\n\nThe overall context is that one company is being forced to use the other\ncompany's technology because the second company patented the technology first.\nThey are in the process of running tests against the part (a valve) and want\nto see it fail so they can barter to just pay the patent fees and use their\nown technology.\n\nI know that using non-polite forms to someone on a 'lower' level of the same\ncompany is common, but I thought that between companies polite language was\nalmost always used.\n\n**Is this dialog exaggerated for effect, or does this really happen in real\nJapanese business interactions?**\n\n**Edit** : With regards to broccoli forest marking this as a possible\nduplicate: While the referenced post is informative on its own and is about\nthe same novel, it doesn't answer my question of how common this sort of thing\nactually occurs in real life. Also in the dialog I was reading there was\nneither 丁寧語 nor 尊敬語 (it was with a different company [帝国重工] than the one\nreferred to in that post).\n\nI know that speaking in non-polite Japanese can be considered rude, but I want\nto know how a realistic depiction that is compared vs. an over-dramatic one.\nBasically I'd like to ask: **is this something I would ever experience in real\nlife, in particular with regard to two companies in a business relationship?**",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T13:15:54.127",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32291",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-20T11:26:43.577",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-19T17:36:57.810",
"last_editor_user_id": "3097",
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"keigo",
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "Use of non-polite form between Japanese companies",
"view_count": 438
} | [
{
"body": "For example 三菱 is big company group (really 帝国重工 is 三菱重工). In japan there is a\nphenomenon called 下請け叩き. The famous big companies often control small\ncompanies. Many companies dislike big companies. I watched that drama, and\nthought it was interesting and realistic. I think that real parts of that\ndrama are some parts of occurring various troubles on component development.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T20:23:01.833",
"id": "32304",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-20T03:19:18.880",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-20T03:19:18.880",
"last_editor_user_id": "11830",
"owner_user_id": "13619",
"parent_id": "32291",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "日本語でごめんなさい。\n\n「下町ロケット」は全体としては臨場感のある小説だと思います。でも、[物語序盤の徳田のようなしゃべり方](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/25549/5010)は、恐らく流石に非現実的であり、フランク過ぎるだろうと思います。彼は都心の大企業の重役です。取引先の社長に対し、あそこまで重たい話題を、この口調で告げる人というのは、現実の世界ではちょっと想像しづらいです。同様に、物語中盤での、佃から帝国重工の財前に対する口調についても、非現実的なほどに失礼なものだと感じます（現に、財前はずっと怒っている描写がありますし）。\n\nこの小説は「下町」というタイトルではあるものの、年商100億円以上の、そこそこ大きな企業のストーリーです。なので、現実の会話はもっとビジネスライクだろうと思います。どちらの立場が上なのかを読者にわかりやすく伝えるため、口調にドラマとしての脚色が入っているのは、間違いありません。\n\nただし、これはあくまで「都会の先端企業同士のビジネス」に限った話です。本当の下町、本当の田舎に行けば、ビジネス上でもまるで友達や家族のようなしゃべり方をする零細企業の役員は、たくさんいるだろうと思います。田舎であればあるほど、コミュニティが閉鎖的であればあるほど、敬語は使われなくなる傾向にあります。田舎に行けば、商店の店員やタクシーの運転手ですら、客に対して敬語を使わないことが時々あります。（もちろん、そういう人がこのサイトでこの質問を見つけて回答する可能性は限りなく低いですが…）",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-20T11:26:43.577",
"id": "32319",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-20T11:26:43.577",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:48.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32291",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 32291 | 32319 | 32319 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm doing \"自己{じこ}PR\" for a school recommendation interview, how can I say that\nI'm a person who doesn't give up? Like, even if something's difficult, I don't\ngive up. If possible, please make it as simple as possible, I'm only upper\nelementary.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T13:53:29.177",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32293",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T23:51:30.260",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-19T15:10:08.673",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "13594",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "I'm doing 自己PR, how can I say that I'm a person who doesn't give up?",
"view_count": 428
} | [
{
"body": "じこうPR is incorrect and 自己(じこ)PR is correct.\n\n\"Don't give up\" is translated as \"あきらめない\". So you can say\n\"私は、どんな困難な状況でも、あきらめません。\" and you can simply say \"私は、どんな時でもあきらめません.\"\n\nIn addition, another translation of \"even if something's difficult\" is\n\"どんな苦しい時でも\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T14:11:01.110",
"id": "32295",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T23:51:30.260",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-19T23:51:30.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "32293",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "Here is another way that you could express what you want to say. I will give\nyou the parts and then string them together into sentences at the end of this\nanswer. The fragments translate a little bit differently than the full\nsentence, but such is translation. The translation is a natural English phrase\ncompared to the Japanese phrase. That means I did not translate each word\nliterally, but according to what is being said.\n\n> どんな[難]{むずか}しい[事]{こと}でも、 \n> \"Regardless of the hardships I have to face,\"\n>\n> [最後]{さいご}までなしとげる \n> \"see things through to the end\"\n>\n> 〜[自信]{じしん}があります。 \n> \"I have confidence that ~.\" (normal form)\n>\n> 〜と[自負]{じふ}しております。 \n> \"I have confidence that ~.\" (humble form [best for resumes and interviews])\n\n⇒\n\n> どんな[難]{むずか}しい[事]{こと}でも、[最後]{さいご}までなしとげられると[自負]{じふ}しております。 \n> \"I have confidence in my ability to see 'things' through to completion\n> regardless of their difficulty.\"\n\nor\n\n> どんな[難]{むずか}しい[事]{こと}でも、[最後]{さいご}までなしとげる[自信]{じしん}があります。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T18:58:14.523",
"id": "32301",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T23:49:51.120",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3972",
"parent_id": "32293",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 32293 | null | 32295 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32306",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I would like to translate the following sentence. I am in particular having\ntrouble with the portion in bold.\n\n> You should **eat or drink** something sweet before exercising.\n\nHow does one list multiple actions without implying that they are all\noccurring?\n\nMy likely non-sensible guesses are as below:\n\n> 運動する前には甘いものを **食べたり飲んだり** したほうがいいです。\n>\n> 運動する前には甘いものを **食べか飲みした** ほうがいいです。\n\nYou could probably replace \"eat or drink\" with something like \"consume,\" but I\nam looking for a construct that I can extend to other similar situations as\nwell.\n\nFor example:\n\n> I either kill or get killed.\n>\n> I would be crushed if you were to die or get severely injured.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T17:56:46.877",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32297",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-20T00:49:02.900",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "9838",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "Multiple verbs without implying that they all happen, \"or\"",
"view_count": 271
} | [
{
"body": "Maybe try か to show \"or\" as shown\n[here](http://gonihongo.com/course/09/02_g2.html)\n\nA + か + B + か\n\n運動する前に甘いものを食べる **か** 飲んだ方がいいです。 (You can't put the second か here)\n\n私は殺す **か** 殺される **か** 。I either kill or get killed.\n\nI'm not sure if it applies to all the cases that you've listed, it mentions on\nthat website that it only applies to a \"yes-no embedded question\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T18:49:17.273",
"id": "32300",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T18:55:01.223",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-19T18:55:01.223",
"last_editor_user_id": "3916",
"owner_user_id": "3916",
"parent_id": "32297",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "> \"You should eat or drink something sweet before exercising.\"\n\ncan be said as:\n\n> 「[運動]{うんどう}する[前]{まえ}には、（なにか）[甘]{あま}いものを[食]{た}べるか[飲]{の}むか **したほうが** いいです。」\n\nIn other words, I just used the common construct:\n\n> 「Verb A + **か** + Verb B + **か** + **する** 」\n\nand changed 「する」 to 「した」 to go with 「ほうがいい」.\n\nIn real life, as you said yourself, one might just use \"to consume\" instead of\nusing two verbs 食べる and 飲む. That shorter sentence would be:\n\n> 「運動する前には、（なにか）甘いものを[摂]{と}ったほうがいいです。」\n\n(The first one of your pair of sentences is ungrammatical with the redundant\n「食べたりしたりした」 part. The 「したり」 part would need to be dropped. The second sentence\nis also ungrammatical. We do not say either 「食べか」 or 「飲みした」 to mean anything,\nbut it was a nice attempt.\n\nAs far as grammar, you could say 「食べたり飲んだりしたほうがいい」, but if you did, it would\nsound as if you were saying one should take a long time consuming a fairly\n**large amount** of food and drink. Native speakers would tend to think of\nsomething meal-size upon hearing/reading that phrase.)\n\nFinally, your examples at the bottom.\n\n「（おれは）やる **か** やられる **か** だ。」 I know I went slangy here, but I just could not\ngo textbookish with something like \"I either kill or get killed.\", could I?\n\n「[君]{きみ}が[死]{し}んだり[大]{おお}けが（を）したりしたら、ボクは[打]{う}ちひしがれるだろう。」\n\nIn this sentence 「したりしたら」 is completely fine because we are using the phrase\n「大けが（を）する」. It is different from the ungrammatical 「食べたりしたりした」 that I\nmentioned above.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T23:18:51.210",
"id": "32306",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-19T23:18:51.210",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32297",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32297 | 32306 | 32306 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How to make comparisons like \"the wider the river the easier to navigate\"?\n\nI mean, how to say that because something is this way, something else is that\nother way?\n\nThank you very much.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T17:58:07.287",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32298",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-20T02:54:36.193",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12253",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"comparative-constructions"
],
"title": "How to make comparisons like \"the wider the river the easier to navigate\"?",
"view_count": 103
} | [
{
"body": "One pattern you can use is the (〜ば)〜ほど pattern for this, although this is\nspecifically to say that the \"something else\" depends on the degree (ほど) to\nwhich the \"something\" is.\n\n> * 川の幅が広ければ広いほど、[航行]{こう・こう}しやすくなる → The wider the river, the easier it is\n> to navigate\n> * あの人の声を聞けば聞くほど、腹が立つ → The more I hear that person's voice, the angrier I\n> get\n> * となりの可愛い子をみるほど、好きになる → The more I see the cute girl next door, the more I\n> like her\n> * あきらめないでね。ピアノは練習すればするほど、うまくなるよ！ → Don't give up. The more you practice\n> (piano), the better you'll get\n>\n\nThere are some more advanced patterns here: [Proportion and\nRate](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2528/78)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T19:03:24.340",
"id": "32302",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-20T02:54:36.193",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:48.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "32298",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 32298 | null | 32302 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32311",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I'm trying to fully understand the plain conjunctive form without a suffix.\nI've seen it mainly in the form of 話, where it means a talk or speech. So I\nthink it means something along the lines of _\"the thing that is produced when\nsomeone speaks for a bit\"_. So applying that logic to a verb like 書く. Would 書き\nbe a thing that is produced when someone writes for a bit, i.e. a document? Is\nit a synonym for 書き物 then, or does it mean something subtly different? Or is\nit even a proper word?\n\nMainly I'm just trying to get a better understanding of the plain conjunctive\nform, and how to apply it to a wider range of verbs. The resources I'm\nstudying from only cover it very briefly, and only give a few examples (話\nusually being one of them).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T18:21:41.560",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32299",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T06:08:28.120",
"last_edit_date": "2017-02-09T06:03:16.953",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13577",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 19,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"conjugations",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "Conjunctive form (e.g. 書き) vs Conj + mono (e.g. 書き物)",
"view_count": 3707
} | [
{
"body": "書き is used as a component of some words, most of which mean act of writing.\nBut it's not really a word itself, so it's not synonymous to 書き物.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-20T00:16:37.427",
"id": "32308",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-20T00:16:37.427",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "32299",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "This is a gross generalization, but very roughly speaking, the conjunctive\nform (technically the 連用形{れんようけい}) is vaguely analogous to the English _-ing_\nform. And much like the English _-ing_ form, the 連用形 of a verb can often be\nused as a noun. A few examples:\n\n * 行{ゆ}き来{き} can be glossed simply as _going and coming_\n * 馬{うま}乗{の}り can be glossed as _horse riding_\n * 巻{ま}き can mean _winding_ , as in the winding up of a watch, and it can also mean _something that is wound or rolled_ , as in a scroll\n * 帰{かえ}り can mean _returning (home)_ , or even just _a return_\n\n... and so on. So 話{はなし}, as the 連用形{れんようけい} of verb 話{はな}す, could be\nunderstood as _speaking_ , and by extension, _speech_ or _story_.\n\nOne key point in the 連用形 + 物{もの} construction is that the Japanese compound\ngenerally means _thing that is`[VERB]`ed_, instead of the _thing that\ndoes`[VERB]`ing_ sense that you'd get in English compounds like _writing\nthing_ (vs. 書{か}き物{もの} _document_ ) or _eating thing_ (vs. 食{た}べ物{もの} _food_\n).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-20T00:45:13.440",
"id": "32309",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-20T01:54:33.983",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-20T01:54:33.983",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "32299",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "**Verb stem (masu-stem) as a noun** can have various meanings depending on the\noriginal verb, and you may not be able to determine its meaning without\nreferring to a dictionary. I generally recommend you memorize these, and avoid\n\"coining\" a new word unless you're really comfortable with Japanese.\n\n * Person who does the action (≒ `-er/-or`) \n * 酔っ払い drunkard\n * のぞき peeper\n * ヴァイオリン弾き violinist\n * The action itself (≒ `-ing`) \n * 走り run\n * 支払い payment\n * 祈り prayer\n * Tool/device to do the action (≒ `-er/-or`) \n * つまみ knob, tab\n * はかり (weight) scale\n * 引き出し drawer\n * Something resulting from the action, something associated with the action. \n * のぼり uphill (slope)\n * のぼり (storefront) banner\n * [おのぼり](http://zokugo-dict.com/05o/onoborisan.htm)\n * たたき [_tataki_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataki)\n * 握り _nigiri_ (sushi)\n * 吹き出し balloon (in manga)\n\nSome nouns in this form can have more than one meaning depending on the\ncontext. For example, \"殺し\" can mean \"murderer\", \"killer (weapon)\", \"killing\n(move)\" or \"murder case\".\n\nA few masu-stems are preceded by お and have fixed meanings.\n\n * お握り ( _onigiri_ ) vs 握り ( _nigiri_ (sushi))\n * お絞り (wet towel supplied at restaurants) vs 絞り (iris (camera))\n * お使い (errand) vs 使い (messenger, envoy)\n\n`masu-stem + もの` generally means \"thing to [verb]\", but again, lots of nouns\nin this form have derivative meanings which are difficult to guess, so you\nneed to memorize.\n\n * 出しもの event, attraction\n * 入れもの container, box\n * 買いもの shopping\n * 売りもの goods for sale\n * 着物 _kimono_\n * 吸いもの [_suimono_](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E3%81%84%E7%89%A9)\n * 見もの something worth seeing, spectacle\n * 引き出物 wedding favor\n * 吹き出物 pimple\n\nDon't try to create a new one; for example 走りもの and 聞きもの would mean nothing.\n\nA few words have both `masu-stem` and `masu-stem + もの` forms, and there is\nusually a drastic difference between the two:\n\n * 書き (writing skill) vs 書きもの (writing job/task/material)\n * 巻き (curl, hurry) vs 巻きもの (scroll (of paper))\n * 飲み (drinking party) vs 飲みもの (beverage)\n * 笑い (laughter) vs 笑いもの (laughingstock)\n * 生き (liveliness) vs 生きもの (living things, animal)\n * 考え (idea, thoughts) vs 考えもの (thing worth rethinking, problem)\n * 乗り (vibe, groove) vs 乗りもの (vehicle)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-20T03:04:32.773",
"id": "32311",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-09T06:08:28.120",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-09T06:08:28.120",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32299",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 21
}
]
| 32299 | 32311 | 32311 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32310",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know how to say something when both adjectives are the same tense, such as:\n\n> あの 人 は かわいくて ちいさい です。 That person is cute and small.\n\nHowever, how would you say something like, \"That person is cute and not\nsmall\"? Would it be:\n\n> あの 人 は かわいくて ちいさくない です。\n\nIs this even possible, or would you have to split the sentence up so that the\ntenses match?\n\nPlease write answers in hiragana or romaji, please! I am still an elementary\nJapanese learner.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-19T21:28:25.317",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32305",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-20T02:25:22.630",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12495",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"て-form",
"adjectives"
],
"title": "How to conjugate multiple adjectives using て-form with conflicting tenses?",
"view_count": 205
} | [
{
"body": "> あの人は かわいくて ちいさくない です。\n\nAs far as grammar goes, this sentence is already fine. It literally means\n\"That person is cute and not small.\"\n\nHowever, this sentence looks a bit odd to me, because people don't often\nassociate cute things with large things. On the other hand, \"ちいさくて かわいい (cute\nlittle)\" is used almost as a set phrase, far more often than \"おおきくて かわいい\".\n\nSo I would say this sentence would look more natural and clear if you say:\n\n> * あの人は かわいい **けれど** ちいさくない です。 That person is cute **but** is not small.\n> * あの人は ちいさくない **けれど** かわいい です。 That person is not small **but** is cute.\n>\n\nCompare:\n\n> * あの人は かわいくも ちいさくも ない です。 That person is neither cute nor small.\n> * あの人は かわいかったり ちいさかったり しません。 That person is neither cute nor small.\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-20T02:09:59.257",
"id": "32310",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-20T02:25:22.630",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-20T02:25:22.630",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32305",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 32305 | 32310 | 32310 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32314",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> おじいさん は びっくりして その たけ を そっと きって みました。\n>\n> **すると** どう でしょう。 <-- this one\n>\n> たけ の なか に 小さな 女の子 が いました。\n\nI know that Suruto is \"hereupon/thereupon/at this point\". But \"at this point,\nhow is it?\" doesn't make a good translation...\n\nCan you help ? Thanks in advance :)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-20T06:12:56.270",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32312",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-27T22:32:16.373",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-27T22:32:16.373",
"last_editor_user_id": "19278",
"owner_user_id": "13611",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjunctions"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of すると in this sentence?",
"view_count": 4996
} | [
{
"body": "The すると here is a 接続詞(conjunction), meaning \"and\", \"then\", \"and just then\",\netc. \nSee [this J-J dictionary definition\n#1](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/120556/meaning/m0u/) or [this J-E\ndictionary](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A8).\n\nどうでしょう literally means \"How is ~~?\", but here it's an exclamation rather than\ninterrogative, and means \"to my surprise,\" \"Good God!\", \"behold!\" etc. It's\nsimilar to (but probably sounds more literary than) 「なんということでしょう！」,\n「なんてことだ(ろう)！」 etc.\n\n[This\ndictionary](http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%81%A8%E3%81%A9%E3%81%86%E3%81%A7%E3%81%97%E3%82%87%E3%81%86)\ncarries the sentence 「するとどうでしょう！」 as a translation for \"And behold!\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-20T07:41:30.533",
"id": "32314",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-20T07:56:47.437",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-20T07:56:47.437",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "32312",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 32312 | 32314 | 32314 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32318",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I didn't find 身にまとう in Japanese-English dictionary, but I understood from a\nJapanese dictionary that it can mean \"wear\" or \"acquire knowledge\" I'm\nwondering if this part means what I think it means:\n\nなにしろ‥‥あらゆるナゾを 身にまとっていますからな。\n\nI'd read it as talking about learning about all the mysteries... Am I very far\noff?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-20T08:53:29.693",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32316",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-20T14:46:41.527",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10712",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "身にまとう related question",
"view_count": 151
} | [
{
"body": "I have been speaking Japanese since birth, but I doubt that I have seen or\nheard the expression 「[身]{み}に **まとう** 」 used to mean \" ** _to acquire\nknowledge_** \". It might be figuratively used that way by a very small number\nof people, but it would not be common at all.\n\nAre you sure you are not talking about 「身に **つける** 」 instead?\n\n> 「なにしろ・・・あらゆるナゾを 身にまとっていますからな。」\n\nwould mean:\n\n> \"At any rate, (someone) is such an inscrutable figure.\"\n\nOr, more literally,\n\n> \"At any rate, (someone) is wrapped in all kinds of mysteries.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-20T10:00:08.310",
"id": "32318",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-20T14:46:41.527",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-20T14:46:41.527",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32316",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32316 | 32318 | 32318 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "When I am downloading something, this comes up. I guess it would mean that the\ndownload is in progress or something but it seems a little unexpected to have\nthat there. Is it something that you'd say out loud for something else that is\nprogressing or would it be exclusively for digital progressions?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-20T09:35:49.350",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32317",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-21T02:56:28.913",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-21T04:33:39.177",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13622",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"suffixes"
],
"title": "What is the purpose of 中 in ダウンロード中?",
"view_count": 291
} | [
{
"body": "「～～[中]{ちゅう}」 = \"~~ in progress\", \"~~ in session\", \"in the middle of ~~\", etc.\n\n\"We Are Open!\"\n\n\n\n\"Under Construction\"\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/YWz4c.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-21T02:33:20.813",
"id": "32327",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-21T02:56:28.913",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-21T02:56:28.913",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32317",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "The kanji 中 on the end as a kind of suffix generally has two different\nmeanings, depending on context and how it's read.\n\n * **When read as ちゅう:** _\"in the middle of doing; in the state of being\"_ , as in l'électeur's examples.\n * **When read as じゅう:** _\"all over, throughout; sometime during\"_ , as in 体{からだ}中{じゅう} _\"all over the body, all throughout the body\"_ or 今日{きょう}中{じゅう} _\"sometime during today\"_.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-21T02:48:19.010",
"id": "32329",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-21T02:48:19.010",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "32317",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 32317 | null | 32329 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32323",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Consider the following sentence.\n\n> お金持{かねも}ちになるもんね。\n\nWhat does the 「もんね」 mean?\n\nWithout もんね、i.e. 「お金持ちになる。」, it means \"becomes rich\"。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-20T15:49:58.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32322",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-25T02:51:12.600",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-12T03:01:24.430",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"sentence-final-particles",
"particle-mono"
],
"title": "What does もんね mean?",
"view_count": 3591
} | [
{
"body": "「～～もんね」 is a sentence-ender that is used mostly, if not exclusively, by\nchildren. Technically, both 「もの/もん」 and 「ね」 are sentence-ending particles, so\nthe two are combined in 「もんね」.\n\nIt is used to state or declare something boastfully, braggingly, etc. often\nwith a hint of playfulness.\n\n> \"I'm gonna be rich; That's for sure!\"\n>\n> \"I'm gonna be rich, I promise!\"\n\nAs an adult, you could use 「もんね」 _**kiddingly**_ once in a while, but if you\nused it in a serious tone or used it too often, you would end up sounding\npretty weird. You might end up sounding like a manga/anime character if you\nused it repeatedly.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-20T16:17:19.727",
"id": "32323",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-25T02:51:12.600",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32322",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 15
}
]
| 32322 | 32323 | 32323 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As in title, what's the pattern of the pitch accent in the word すなわち, in the\nTokyo (standard) pronunciation?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-20T22:48:53.727",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32324",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-21T01:00:03.623",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-20T23:25:54.917",
"last_editor_user_id": "9749",
"owner_user_id": "13625",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"phonology",
"pitch-accent"
],
"title": "What's the pitch accent of すなわち?",
"view_count": 267
} | [
{
"body": "It is 「[すなわち]{LHLL}」.\n\nSame as 「[スタイル]{LHLL}」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-21T01:00:03.623",
"id": "32325",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-21T01:00:03.623",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32324",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 32324 | null | 32325 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32331",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have trouble with interpreting the following sentence:\n\n> ま、いっか。めんどくさいし\n\nIt has to do with something being troublesome.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-21T07:12:59.930",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32330",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-22T00:09:58.950",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-21T17:30:35.313",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "13629",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does ま、いっか。めんどくさいし mean?",
"view_count": 1505
} | [
{
"body": "> 「ま...いっか」\n\nis how we colloquially pronounce:\n\n> 「まあいいか」,\n\nwhich means kind of like \" ** _Meh!_** \"\n\nYou are telling yourself not to worry or to be concerned about what is\nhappening now or has just happened.\n\nThe 「いい」 part means \"good\", and you are indeed **calling it good** as-is.\n\nThe whole sentence means:\n\n> \"Meh! This is too tiresome!\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-21T07:22:48.900",
"id": "32331",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-21T07:28:40.213",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-21T07:28:40.213",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32330",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
},
{
"body": "“ま、いっか。めんどくさい(面倒臭い)し”, I would interpret it;\n\nWell, it isn’t so bad, and it’s troublesome (to do it) , or\n\nWell, let’s leave it (as it is), It’s tiresome (to redo it).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-22T00:09:58.950",
"id": "32352",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-22T00:09:58.950",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "32330",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 32330 | 32331 | 32331 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How would I describe a baby kangaroo in Japanese? Would I call it \"ジョーイ\"\n(katakana for \"joey\", which is used in English for pretty much any baby\nmarsupial), or \"子カンガルー\" (literally baby-kangaroo).\n\nThe English edition of Wiktionary\n[doesn't](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/joey) have a translation. Weblio only\nhas info on the given name \"Joey\" at both the page on\n[ジョーイ](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%A4) or\non [Joey](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/joey).\n\nDoing a google image search using 子カンガルー gave me better results than doing one\non ジョーイ, but that could just be because the former doesn't have to compete\nagainst synonyms.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-21T10:53:09.843",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32335",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-21T11:27:21.967",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-21T11:27:21.967",
"last_editor_user_id": "91",
"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"animals"
],
"title": "Japanese for baby kangaroo",
"view_count": 501
} | [
{
"body": "Basically, you have two choices:\n\n> 「カンガルー **の** [赤]{あか}ちゃん」 and 「赤ちゃんカンガルー」 (No 「の」 needed in the latter.)\n\n「カンガルー子」 does not make much sense at all, which you might find surprising. You\nneed to use a particle. 「カンガルー **の** [子]{こ}」 makes perfect sense, but it does\nnot carry the meaning of \"baby\" specifically. It includes the toddler version\nof a kangaroo as well.\n\n「ジョーイ」 is a word I have heard for the first time today.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-21T11:01:01.603",
"id": "32336",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-21T11:08:56.000",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-21T11:08:56.000",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32335",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 32335 | null | 32336 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to express 'These past one and a half years...'. E.g. 'These past one\nand a half years have been really fun!'\n\nWhat I've come up with so far is: この一年半間で。。。[past tense].\n\nI think I've just made the mistake of literally translating it though.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-21T14:12:09.417",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32338",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-21T14:42:56.743",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13632",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"time",
"demonstratives"
],
"title": "Using demonstratives with time periods",
"view_count": 138
} | [
{
"body": "It is 「この[一]{いち}[年半]{ねんはん}」.\n\nYou **cannot** add 「[間]{かん}」 to it, but you **can** 「の[間]{あいだ}」.\n\nThe \"rule\" is that we just cannot say 「～～[半間]{はんかん}」.\n\n> _**Correct:**_ : 「この1年半」、「この1年半の[間]{あいだ}」、「この2[週間半]{しゅうかんはん}(の[間]{あいだ})」,\n> etc.\n>\n> _**Incorrect**_ : 「この一年半[間]{かん}」、「この2週間半[間]{かん}」, etc.\n\n「この」 can, of course, be replaced by 「その」 or 「あの」 depending on the context.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-21T14:37:28.170",
"id": "32339",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-21T14:42:56.743",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32338",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32338 | null | 32339 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32341",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The full sentence:\n\n> 藤木がハッとしたように言った。 \n> 「thing Fujiki said」 \n> Fujiki said with surprise ...\n\nHow does this differ from just saying\n\n> 藤木がハッと言った。\n\nIs したように necessary, and if so, why, and what extra is it adding?\n\nNote, I'm happy with how the するように construct works normally. I'm just asking\nabout whether it might be redundant in this sentence since ハッと is already an\nadverb.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-21T14:59:35.153",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32340",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-21T17:37:18.093",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Understanding ハッとしたように",
"view_count": 142
} | [
{
"body": "> 「藤木がハッと言った。」\n\nIf this sentence meant **_anything_** , it would be none other than:\n\n> \"Fujiki said 「ハッ」.\"\n\nIn other words, to native speakers,\n\n> 「藤木がハッと言った。」＝「藤木が『ハッ』と言った。」\n\n「ハッと」 surely functions adverbially, but it can only modify selected verbs such\nas する、[驚]{おどろ}く、[気]{き}づく, etc. 「[言]{い}う」 is not one of those verbs.\n\nI assure you that there is no redundancy whatsoever in the sentence:\n\n> 「藤木がハッとしたように言った。」\n\nPerhaps, you would need to treat 「ハッとする」 like one word here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-21T15:21:33.613",
"id": "32341",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-21T15:21:33.613",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32340",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "藤木がハッと言った is translated as Fujiki said \"ハッ\".\n\nハッとする means \"get startled\" and ように is a 連用形 of verbal auxiliary ようだ which\nmeans \"comparison\", so ハッとしたように is translated as \"like one is startled\".\n\n藤木がハッとしたように言った is translated as \"Fujiki said like he was startled\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-21T15:46:34.477",
"id": "32342",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-21T17:37:18.093",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-21T17:37:18.093",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "32340",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 32340 | 32341 | 32341 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32346",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "As far as I know that person is wondering (かなぁ is in the end) about something\nwhich happened again.\n\n> また アリでも入ったのかなぁ～\n\n2nd try: Still an good lesson for an ant.",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-21T15:58:51.443",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32343",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-21T18:56:46.037",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-21T17:23:16.283",
"last_editor_user_id": "13629",
"owner_user_id": "13629",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does また アリでも入ったのかなぁ～ mean?",
"view_count": 125
} | [
{
"body": "By utilizing all the information provided in the comments, I would conclude\nthat the sentence would mean:\n\n> \"I wonder if ants got in (my shoe) again.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-21T18:56:46.037",
"id": "32346",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-21T18:56:46.037",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32343",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 32343 | 32346 | 32346 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32345",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> ほめられるために、あんなに努力しなきゃ **なんないのも** 大変だね \n> In order to win praise, unless you put in great effort like that, ?????\n\nThe only way I can translate the end of the sentence is \"not having hardship\nis difficult\" i.e \"Unless you put in great effort it is difficult to win\npraise without hardship\". But this is a tautology. Great effort = hardship.\nHave I got this completely wrong?\n\n**Edit:** Thanks to Flaw's comment I now have that なきゃなんない is a contraction of\nなければならない so I get \"In order to win praise, the fact that one should put in\ngreat effort like that is difficult. That still makes no sense to me. I guess\nit's my translation of 大変 that's tripping me up somehow?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-21T16:46:32.027",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32344",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-22T11:47:15.737",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-22T11:47:15.737",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"colloquial-language",
"dialects",
"contractions"
],
"title": "Difficulty understanding なんないのも",
"view_count": 391
} | [
{
"body": "> 「ほめられるために、あんなに[努力]{どりょく} **しなきゃなんない** + **の** + も[大変]{たいへん}だね。」\n\nAs you said in Edit, 「しなきゃなんない」＝「しなければならない」. The former is Kanto colloquial\nand the latter, Standard \"dictionary\" Japanese.\n\nThe 「の」 that follows is a nominalizer.\n\n「大変」, in this context, means \" ** _awful_** \", \" ** _terrible_** \", etc. Your\nTL of \" ** _difficult_** \" is off here.\n\n> \"It's awful having to put in such great effort in order to win praise.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-21T18:49:34.807",
"id": "32345",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-21T18:49:34.807",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32344",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 32344 | 32345 | 32345 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32351",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was learning these words with my kanji list, and I thought that I made a\nmistake and switched their meanings, but after checking the dictionary again I\nrealized that actually their definition are correct.\n\nBut what confuses me is that 屋根, that uses the kanji 屋, also used in 部屋\n(\"room\"), leads me to think in the top cover of a room (ceiling). And 天井, that\nuses 天 (\"heaven/sky\"), leads me to think in the top cover of the house which\nfaces the sky/heaven (roof). But in reality, their meanings are the exact\nopposite.\n\nIs my logic flawed?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-21T21:08:23.717",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32347",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-03T16:59:23.260",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-03T16:59:23.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "7405",
"owner_user_id": "7405",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Why does 屋根 means roof and 天井 means ceiling? Shouldn't it be the contrary?",
"view_count": 1070
} | [
{
"body": "The Kanji by itself means roof, House, shop, dealer, seller. I am not a native\nJapanese speaker, but I have been trying to learn kanji for several years.\nSomething I have found is that many times when we are trying to learn we\noverthink and assume that the meaning of the two Kanji's add together to form\nsome sort of logical meaning, and though this is often times the case, I have\nfound that sometimes you just have to learn the meaning of the two characters\nput together. If it were me, I would relate the first Character to \"house\".\nThe second one is harder because it means root. There may have been some\nhistory in the way houses were built early on in China that caused the roof to\nbe considered the origin Of the house, but I would just take this one on\nfaith.\n\nI don't know if this will help you any but as I have been learning I have\ntried to find resources that will help me. I keep all of my Kanji vocabulary\nin a flash card application used on an iPad. This application is made by\nchegg. I have also found an incredible site called Tangorin.com which allows\nme to look up words and shows me examples of the usage of that word. They are\nall written in Kanji. You can also create vocabulary lists and lists of\nexample sentences that you can study if you're trying to memorize kanji.\n\nAnother helpful resource that you can use is an application by Yomiwa for the\niPhone which can read a Kanji character and translated directly. It is the\ncoolest thing I have ever found it it used to be free. Unfortunately they now\ncharge for it but it is still a steel because it is so worth it it might be\nlike $2.99",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-21T23:47:34.387",
"id": "32349",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-21T23:47:34.387",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12460",
"parent_id": "32347",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "## Origins of 屋根{やね}\n\n屋根{やね} is a compound of 屋{や} _\"house, dwelling\"_ + 根{ね} _\"root → fundament,\nbase supporting the whole\"_. This word is quite old, appearing already in\n[poem 779](http://jti.lib.virginia.edu/japanese/manyoshu/Man4Yos.html#779) of\nthe _[Man'yōshū](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB)_ , one\nof the oldest pieces of written Japanese dating to 759, with parts that appear\nto be older still.\n\nThe age of this term might point to its origins: houses in ancient Japan were\ndugouts, where the roof came right down to the ground:\n\n\n\nThere is more about these houses [here on the relevant Japanese Wikipedia\npage](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%AA%E7%A9%B4%E5%BC%8F%E4%BD%8F%E5%B1%85).\nAs such, the thing that formed the basis of a house was the roof itself:\n_\"house + basis\"_ , thus 屋根{やね}.\n\n## Origins of 天井{てんじょう}\n\nMeanwhile, 天井{てんじょう} was borrowed out of Chinese. At its root, this is a\ncompound of 天{てん} _\"heavens\"_ + 井{じょう} _\"well; wellhead; wellhead shape\"_. 井\nread with the _kun'yomi_ of い refers to a _\"well\"_ , as in the place where you\nlower a bucket to get water out of the ground. 井 read with the _on'yomi_ of\neither じょう or せい can refer additionally to the 井桁{いげた}, the crossbeams at the\ntop of the wellhead. The crossbeams themselves look a lot like the shape of\nthe 井 kanji, which is probably where this character came from:\n\n\n\nBy extension, 井 read as じょう or せい can refer to something with this same shape\n-- much like what rafters or crossbeams might look like, over which the\nceiling of a room would be laid: _\"sky → the area above one's head + wellhead\ncrossbeams\"_ , thus 天井{てんじょう}.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-22T00:04:05.403",
"id": "32351",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-22T07:11:02.693",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-22T07:11:02.693",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "32347",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
]
| 32347 | 32351 | 32351 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The translation of this word is listed as:\n\n> To end, to be finished, to be exhausted.\n\nI am assuming these are in the order of importance or usage, But I could be\nwrong. I have searched for examples and the only examples that I can find are\nwith the meaning \"to be exhausted\". Is this the only way it is commonly used?\n\nIf it's also used as to end or to be finished I would like to see an example\nof it used in a sentence. I have tried a few dictionaries but again the only\nwords that come back relate to exhaustion i.e.: 疲れ果てる",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-21T21:45:49.640",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32348",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-22T05:42:53.733",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-22T01:16:01.890",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "12460",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Examples using 果てる",
"view_count": 218
} | [
{
"body": "In the form of 果てる itself, it's almost exclusively used in the meaning of to\nbe exhausted, as you say, except a couple of literary expressions like\n地平線の果てるところ (where the horizon ends). The other meanings are seen in some\nconjugated forms.\n\n * 望みを果たす: to accomplish your wish\n * 戦いの果て: consequence of battles",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-22T05:42:53.733",
"id": "32359",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-22T05:42:53.733",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "32348",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 32348 | null | 32359 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33085",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What is the difference between the two:\n\n> * 高｛たか}い値段｛ねだん｝レストラン\n> * 値段{ねだん｝が高{たか｝いレストラン\n>\n\nIn other words, what is the difference between:\n\n> * adjective-noun\n> * noun-が-adjective\n>\n\nAnother example would be this:\n\n> * ボブは魚｛さかな｝が好き｛すき｝だ\n> * ボブは好き｛すき｝魚｛さかな｝だ\n>\n\nI was reading <http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/adjectives> which\nuses the first form in these examples, but it also says you can modify a noun\njust by placing an i-adjective before it, and Google Translate gives me the\nsame translations for both forms.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-22T02:03:50.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32353",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-23T17:25:58.017",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-23T17:25:58.017",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "13634",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adjectives",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Adjective-Noun vs Noun-が-Adjective",
"view_count": 993
} | [
{
"body": "Adjective-Noun is a noun phrase like 高い値段、好きな魚.\n\nNoun-が-Adjective is a sentence or modifies noun like 魚が好きだ, 値段が高いレストラン.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-22T08:00:03.777",
"id": "32361",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-22T08:00:03.777",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "32353",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "To expand upon Yuuichi's answer, the difference is one of nuance and emphasis,\nand of the grammatical requirements of the construction, much as in English.\n\n * **赤{あか}い車{くるま}** で行{い}きます。 \nWe will go in a **red car**.\n\n * 行{い}く **車{くるま}** は **赤{あか}い** です。 \nThe **car** that we will go in is **red**.\n\nJapanese is a bit more flexible than English when it comes to what terms are\nallowed to directly modify other terms. We can say 行{い}く車{くるま} in Japanese\n(literally _\"goes car\"_ , or depending on context, _\"will be going car\"_ ),\nbut in English, relative clauses modifying nouns like this require grammatical\nwords to tie things together: _\"the car **that** goes\"_.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-23T17:16:07.857",
"id": "33085",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-23T17:16:07.857",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "32353",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 32353 | 33085 | 33085 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32381",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "When I went to check the kanji for なくす (to lose something) I saw that\ntangorin.com offers 3 different possible characters. I've seen the first one\n(無) in some mangas and that's the one I knew, but there are 2 alternatives\n(亡くす, 失くす). I was wondering if there was any difference in meaning/usage\nbetween those characters.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-22T02:19:52.197",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32354",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-24T04:18:01.160",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-22T09:03:04.263",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11958",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"kanji-choice"
],
"title": "Kanji for なくす - to lose something",
"view_count": 1521
} | [
{
"body": "To agree with Nothing at all's comment, 亡くす is used to refer to when someone\ndies, in the sense of \"I lost my relative to cancer\". See\n[here](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/56176/meaning/m0u/%E4%BA%A1%E3%81%8F%E3%81%99/)\nfor a few examples.\n\nI have never seen 失くす used before, and it is not in the dictionary I typically\nutilize (Goo). However according to [this\npost](http://lang-8.com/938361/journals/57648627560524573121628893123908144234)\n(which specifically discusses the difference in these Kanji), it says that\nwhile it is not a normal reading, it is used in some casual situations for the\nsame meaning as 無くす.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-22T03:17:05.653",
"id": "32357",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-22T03:17:05.653",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"parent_id": "32354",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "We can use three different kanji, 無, 失, and 亡 for \"なくす.\" 大辞林 published by\nSanseido defines \"無くす\" as:\n\n① verb. make an existing thing unintentionally disappear, lose sth., e.g.\n財布を無くす.\n\n② lose, give up (motivation, confidence).\n\n③ remove, sweep away.\n\n\"亡くす\" as:\n\n① verb. a euphemistic expression for describing the fact that a family member\nor a relative of the speaker is dead, e.g. 彼は母親を早く亡くした – He lost his mother\nvery early.\n\n② lose.\n\n失くす and 失う are equivalents that simply mean “to lose,” e.g. [視力]{しりょく}を失くす/\n[失]{うしな}う / [失明]{しつめい}する – lose eyesight.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T00:39:58.423",
"id": "32381",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-24T04:18:01.160",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-24T04:18:01.160",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "32354",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 32354 | 32381 | 32357 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32358",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In a game I am playing, I ran across the sentence,\n\n> \"ひらりと白い[欠片]{かけら}がひとひら、舞い込んできた。\"\n\nIt appears that both 欠片 and ひとひら are nouns. After this, there is no particle\nbefore the verb. What type of grammar structure is this? \nI found a translation online that suggests that this line means \"Nimbly a\nwhite fragment like a petal floated down,\" which makes sense, but I am not\nsure how the sentence means this.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-22T03:08:28.153",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32356",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-22T05:03:56.510",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-22T05:03:56.510",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7432",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"quantifiers"
],
"title": "What does the grammar \"noun が noun、verb\" mean?",
"view_count": 143
} | [
{
"body": "ひとひら is not a noun, but a number ([1]{ひと}) and a counter for a thin and flat\nobject like a petal ([片]{ひら} or [枚]{ひら}, usually written in kana). Thus, that\nsentence has the same structure as 男が[1人]{ひとり}入ってきた, 髪が[10本]{じゅっぽん}抜けた, or\nケーキが[2]{ふた}つある.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-22T04:09:57.273",
"id": "32358",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-22T04:13:38.730",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-22T04:13:38.730",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "3506",
"parent_id": "32356",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 32356 | 32358 | 32358 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32362",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "When introducing one's name, I have seen both of the following constructs\nused.\n\n> 〜 **といいます** 。\n>\n> 〜 **というものです** 。\n\nIs there a difference between them? I get the hunch that the latter is perhaps\nmore formal than the former, but just how formal is it?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-22T06:22:12.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32360",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-22T08:35:49.163",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "9838",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances"
],
"title": "「〜といいます」 vs 「〜というものです」 when introducing oneself",
"view_count": 203
} | [
{
"body": "No difference. Both of them are polite or formal.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-22T08:14:10.973",
"id": "32362",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-22T08:35:49.163",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-22T08:35:49.163",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "13619",
"parent_id": "32360",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "I'd say the latter is a bit more formal than the former just as you suspect,\nbut not necessarily more \"polite\"; to me it sounds a little old-fashioned,\nthough I'd take that impression with a grain of salt. In general, you wouldn't\nget in trouble for saying one instead of the other.\n\nIt should also be noted that you can also be even more polite by saying\n\"~と申{もう}します (申{もう}す is the humble (kenjougo) form of いう, so it makes sense),\nthough you may have already known that.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-22T08:27:50.513",
"id": "32364",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-22T08:27:50.513",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9596",
"parent_id": "32360",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32360 | 32362 | 32362 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32369",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Watching a drama I came across the sentence\n\n> 犯人は背後から女性に近づき、 **殴りかかった** 。\n\nI would have translated it like:\n\n> The perpetrator came up from behind and hit the woman.\n\nUnfortunately I am not to confident in my interpretation since I don't really\nunderstand the usage of かかる and what kind of nuance it adds to the sentence...\n\nThanks for your help in advance :)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-22T12:40:35.757",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32368",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-22T13:12:55.300",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-22T13:12:55.300",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12455",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"compound-verbs"
],
"title": "When to use ます-stem + かかる",
"view_count": 1811
} | [
{
"body": "> 「Verb in [連用形]{れんようけい} (continuative form) + かかる」\n>\n> = \"to be about to (verb)\", \"to almost (verb)\", \"to initiate the action of\n> (verb)ing\", etc.\n\nIn other words, if one only has the sentence:\n\n> 「[犯人]{はんにん}は[背後]{はいご}から[女性]{じょせい}に[近]{ちか}づき、[殴]{なぐ}りかかった。」\n\nwithout any context, _**one does not know if the striking actually took\nplace**_. Maybe it happened. Maybe someone/something stopped the perpetrator\nfrom hitting her. All one knows for sure is that:\n\n> \"He raised his hand against her.\"\n\nChances are that he probably did strike her because it only takes a second to\ndo so, but that assumption does not come automatically with 「殴り **かかった** 」,\nwhich is **not** the same thing as 「殴った」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-22T13:11:47.617",
"id": "32369",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-22T13:11:47.617",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32368",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 32368 | 32369 | 32369 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Okay, so I learned a little while ago that\n\n> 私 **は** 日本語 **を** 悪いです\n\nis what you should say.\n\nBut someone who is Japanese told me that\n\n> 私 **の** 日本語 **わ** 悪いです\n\nis correct.\n\nSo now I'm a little confused. Are both correct? What are the differences; do\nyou use the sentences in different situations or something?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-22T15:28:32.333",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32370",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-13T01:01:47.673",
"last_edit_date": "2016-04-13T01:01:47.673",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11595",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-は",
"particle-の",
"particle-が",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "は and を or の and わ",
"view_count": 895
} | [
{
"body": "The first one is absolutely not what you should say; it doesn't make any sense\nsince you're pairing the direct object particle を with an adjective.\n\nThe correct way to say what I think you're trying to say would be\n\"私は日本語が悪いです.\" The second one also works, although the orthography is wrong; わ\nshould always be written は when used as a particle.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-22T15:34:57.823",
"id": "32371",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-22T15:34:57.823",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9596",
"parent_id": "32370",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "I think you probably meant to write:\n\n> 私は日本語が悪いです。(Lit. As for me, Japanese is bad.) \n> 私の日本語は悪いです。(Lit. My Japanese is bad.)\n\nThe word 悪い is a literal translation of the English 'bad'. In Japanese, you\ndon't use 悪い to say you're not good at something. Instead, I recommend saying:\n\n> 私は日本語が[下手]{へた}です。(Lit. As for me, Japanese is poor/unskillful.) \n> 私は日本語が[上手]{じょうず}ではありません。(Lit. As for me, Japanese is not good/skillful.) \n> 私の日本語は[下手]{へた}です。(Lit. My Japanese is poor/unskillful.)\n\nGrammatically speaking, both 「私は～が・・・」 and 「私の～は・・・」 are acceptable here\n(though the focus might be different). Similarly, you could say:\n\n> 山田さんは[髪]{かみ}が[長]{なが}いです。(Lit. As for Yamada-san, hair is long.) \n> 山田さんの髪は長いです。(Lit. Yamada-san's hair is long.)\n\nto say 'Yamada-san has long hair'.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-22T16:12:16.870",
"id": "32372",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-26T09:08:11.447",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-26T09:08:11.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "32370",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
]
| 32370 | null | 32372 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32380",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Suppose there are two groups/teams A and B within the same conversational\nspace, and I'm in group A. How would I say:\n\n> * \"they (group B) discussed **among themselves** \" (as opposed to\n> discussing with group A)\n> * \"they quarrelled **among themselves** \" (as opposed to quarrelling with\n> group A)\n>\n\nI found some candidates here:\n\n * 自分たち (can I just \"pluralise\" 自分 with たち? Does it work without たち if I want it to reflexively refer to the group instead of an individual?)\n * 内輪 (is this readily used conversationally?)\n * 自{みずか}ら (I have no idea how to use this at all. Would it be 自らのけんか・自らの相談をする ?)\n\nSentence construction:\n\n * 彼らは + {自分で・自分たちで・内輪・自ら} + {相談した・けんかした}\n * 彼らは + {内輪の・自らの} + {相談・けんか} をした \n\n(I'm not sure what particles work with 内輪 and 自ら)\n\n**Which of the plural reflexives work best? What are the natural ways to\nconvey this meaning?**",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-22T17:49:07.340",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32373",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-23T05:37:41.737",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "542",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"plurals",
"reflexives"
],
"title": "Plural reflexives: among themselves",
"view_count": 148
} | [
{
"body": "I would use 「～[内]{ない}で」 or 「～の[中]{なか}で」, as in:\n\n> \"they (group B) discussed among themselves\" \n> 「彼らはグループ内で相談/議論した。/ 話し合った。」 \n> 「彼らはグループの中で相談/議論した。/話し合った。」\n>\n> \"they quarrelled among themselves\" \n> 「彼らはグループ内で口論/けんかした。/ 口論/けんかになった。/ [揉]{も}めた。」 \n> 「彼らはグループの中で口論/けんかした。/ 口論/けんかになった。/ 揉めた。」\n\nYou could also use 「仲間同士で」「メンバー同士で」:\n\n> 「彼らは仲間同士で/メンバー同士で相談した。/ 揉めた。 etc.」\n\n[内輪]{うちわ} would go better with 揉め(る), as in:\n\n> 「彼らは内輪で揉めた。」 \n> 「彼らは内輪揉めした。」(← probably a bit colloquial) \n> (\"They quarrelled among themselves.\")\n\nAnd I think 自分たちで would go better with 話し合う:\n\n> 「彼らは自分たちで話し合った。」(← probably less formal) \n> (\"They discussed among themselves.\")",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-22T23:33:50.197",
"id": "32380",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-23T05:37:41.737",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-23T05:37:41.737",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "32373",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 32373 | 32380 | 32380 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33237",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have learnt that there is a name for kanji that were invented in Japan -\nkokuji. Most of them only have KUN reading and do not have ON reading.\n\nI know there are kanji that only have ON reading(s) and do not have KUN\nreading. However, I found myself struggling to find in the Internet the name\nfor such kanji. 展 is probably a good example of such kanji, isn't it?\n\nThe reason I'm asking is that I hope it might make life a bit easier if I\nlearnt kanji with only one reading separately from kanji with both KUN and ON\nreadings.\n\nThanks a lot.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-22T18:30:56.723",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32374",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-30T05:26:59.883",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13608",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "What is the name for kanji that only have ON reading, but no KUN reading?",
"view_count": 943
} | [
{
"body": "I believe that the term you are looking for is 外字 However this term is generic\nin which it refers to any written characters that lack a Japanese reading",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-30T05:26:59.883",
"id": "33237",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-30T05:26:59.883",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14020",
"parent_id": "32374",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 32374 | 33237 | 33237 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32404",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Edit: the sentence in question is part of a prose where the author talks about\n\"いただきます\". I added also the sentence before that.\n\nEdit2: Thanks to explanation by @marasai, the bold text is demystified.\nHowever I would still like a translation of the whole sentence.\n\n* * *\n\nI have encountered the following sentence (in italic), which I seem to know\nevery word but cannot make sense of it as a whole:\n\n>\n> 一人で食事をする時、この言葉が自然に出てくるのだったら、食事の用意をしてくれた人に対する感謝、或いはご馳走をしてくれる人に向かっての礼儀というより、これから口に入れる食べ物に対する感謝の気持ちが強い。\n> _自分の生命を存続させてくれる食べ物を、それならばもう少し大切にしてもいいように思うが、贅沢に慣れて、「いただきます」と言いながら、\n> **悲しくなるような食べ方をしている人を見かけることが多い。**_\n\nBolded part of the sentence is especially confusing.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-22T19:22:11.630",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32375",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-23T13:02:40.403",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-23T11:51:17.407",
"last_editor_user_id": "13636",
"owner_user_id": "13636",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Need help with understanding a sentence",
"view_count": 131
} | [
{
"body": "As Marasai tried to explain, \"itadakimasu\" is what we say before eating as a\nsign of _respect_ to the food spirit. But some people got used to luxury―\n_spoiled people we may say_ ― and even though they say \"itadakimasu\" that\nwould imply respect, the speaker feels sorrow seeing how those people actually\neat their food. This indeed would imply they do eat badly, waste food, play\nwith it etc.\n\nThe sentence could seem tricky because the subject for 言いながら and the second\npart 見かける is not the same, as you know now.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T13:02:40.403",
"id": "32404",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-23T13:02:40.403",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1065",
"parent_id": "32375",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 32375 | 32404 | 32404 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32390",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was trying to understand some news on the NHK site, but I am having a little\ntrouble with this sentence:\n\n> 一方、 **幅広い作品を集めたパノラマ部門**\n> では、東日本大震災後の福島県を舞台にしたドイツ人監督の映画で、俳優の桃井かおりさんが出演した「フクシマ・モナムール」が、国際芸術映画評論連盟賞など２つの賞を受賞し、高い評価を受けていました。\n\nThe 幅広い作品 here would refer to a general category or would it be a category\nwith a large number of works?\n\nPS: It's about the Berlin International Film Festival\n\nSource:<http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20160221/k10010416661000.html>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-22T21:05:45.133",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32376",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-23T06:38:43.370",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-23T06:28:52.873",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3770",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "幅広い in this sentence",
"view_count": 82
} | [
{
"body": "幅{はば}広{ひろ}い can often be understood as _\"wide-ranging, a wide range of\"_. So\nin the sample above, the パノラマ部門 has collected a wide range of works -- i.e. a\nlarge variety, many different kinds.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-22T21:40:19.457",
"id": "32378",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-22T21:40:19.457",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "32376",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "According to [a J-J\ndictionary](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/178949/meaning/m0u/) 幅広い both means\n\"wide (physically)\" and \"various\", but IMHO 幅広い almost always means \"wide\nrange of\", \"a variety of\" in modern Japanese. [See ALC's entry to see how this\nword is used in in\nreality](http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E5%B9%85%E5%BA%83%E3%81%84&pg=1).\n\nA relative clause 幅が広い or 幅の広い usually (but not always) means physically wide\n(eg, 幅の広い道). A relatively uncommon no-adjective 幅広の also refers to physical\nwidth (eg. 幅広の道). But 幅広い道 sounds a bit unnatural (or uncommon at least) to\nme, even though it's in the dictionary.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T06:23:07.780",
"id": "32390",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-23T06:38:43.370",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-23T06:38:43.370",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32376",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 32376 | 32390 | 32390 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The potential form of 思う is 思える. If 思う is \"to think\", then 思える is \"can think\",\nright?\n\nWell... at tangorin.com 思える is translated as \"to seem\" and \"to appear likely\".\nSo 思える is different verb or there is a translation problem here?\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-22T22:44:06.807",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32379",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-24T02:09:37.657",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12253",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"potential-form"
],
"title": "The potential form 思う and 思える are two different things?",
"view_count": 1455
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, 思える is technically the potential of 思う, and it can be used in both the\nsense of \"The ability to feel ~\" something or in a more \"seems like ~\" sense.\nI agree with Nothing at all's comment that these things are not that\ndifferent.\n\nIn my (somewhat subjective) experience, Tte main difference when using the 思える\nform is that the subject is de-emphasized, which is similar in English (ex: \"I\nfeel it is old\" vs. \"It seems old\").\n\nHere is a random example phrase (pulled from\n[this](https://job.rikunabi.com/2016/company/blog/detail/r293400090/33/) site)\n\n> 「働きたい！」と思える企業に出会う3つの事\n>\n> Three ways to help find a company where you can really feel \"I want to work\n> here!\"\n\nYou could change the form to 思う here (and thereby remove the \"can\" from the\nEnglish translation), but I feel it's a bit more natural keeping it as is.\n\nNote that in this example I don't think translating it as \"seem\" would be\nappropriate, although there are surely cases like that.\n\nBut overall, just start out by interpreting it as the potential of\n\"think/feel\" and that will likely lead you to a proper interpretation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T01:56:42.587",
"id": "32382",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-23T01:56:42.587",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"parent_id": "32379",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 32379 | null | 32382 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32389",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "To express `to get to` or `to reach` a destination I see a few options:\n\n到達{とうたつ}する\n\n達{たっ}する\n\n到着{とうちゃく}する\n\n届{とど}く\n\nAnd variations.\n\nI have found 到達する as having clear examples with physical destinations (e.g.\n公園に到達する - get to the park), but the rest seem to be used, for the most part,\nwith figurative ideas/destinations (e.g. to reach a point, to reach a level of\nexpertise).\n\nWhat are the nuances of each and how would I best express getting to a\ndestination?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T02:36:59.643",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32383",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-23T05:58:20.280",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12331",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"expressions"
],
"title": "What are the best ways to convey the idea of getting to a destination?",
"view_count": 124
} | [
{
"body": "Here are the typical examples:\n\n> * 待ち合わせ場所の公園に[到着した／着いた]。\n> * ついにエベレストの頂上に到達した。\n> * 彼の大声は公園まで[達した／届いた]。\n> * 手紙が家に[届いた／到着した／着いた]。\n>\n\n * 到着する and 着く are the most common and generic words for \"to arrive\". The former is a bit more formal and stiff, but the difference is not very large.\n * 到達する is to reach somewhere, but usually after some effort/struggle. 「公園に到達する」 sounds like the park is the goal of a marathon race. It can also be used with 考え/合意/理解/etc.\n * 達する is usually used with inanimate objects like sound, pollution, water.\n * 届く is more like \"to be delivered\" and used with inanimate objects.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T05:58:20.280",
"id": "32389",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-23T05:58:20.280",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "32383",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 32383 | 32389 | 32389 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VmyA9.png)\n\n([original image](http://banraishop.com/nt/NT2052003.jpg))\n\nI am relatively bad at reading handwritten Japanese. I know the first\ncharacter is 木 and the last is 桧, but I am unsure of what the second is.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T03:55:28.447",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32386",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-23T09:35:29.077",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-23T09:35:29.077",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "13641",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"calligraphy"
],
"title": "What does it say on this masu?",
"view_count": 152
} | [
{
"body": "The character is 「曽」.\n\n[[木曽]{きそ}[桧]{ひのき}](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E6%9C%A8%E6%9B%BD%E6%AA%9C)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T04:41:50.327",
"id": "32388",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-23T04:41:50.327",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "32386",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 32386 | null | 32388 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 小説の博士が愛したのは、オイラーの公式、e(pi i) + 1 = 0 ということになっている。\n\nHow is this 「という事になっている」in this context generally used? Is there an\napproximate translation that works here?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T04:39:41.060",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32387",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-23T15:49:15.293",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-23T15:49:15.293",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "13569",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does 「という事になっている」mean in this context?",
"view_count": 603
} | [
{
"body": "～という事になっている means the things are known as ～ in general or among people and\nincluding the nuance like \"but it isn't sure\".\n\nFor example, 私は友達の間で日本人という事になっているが、本当は中国人だ。(I am known as Japanese among my\nfriends but I am Chinese.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T06:40:53.940",
"id": "32391",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-23T06:40:53.940",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "32387",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "> 「[小説]{しょうせつ}の[博士]{はかせ}が[愛]{あい}したのは、オイラーの[公式]{こうしき}、e(pi i) + 1 = 0\n> **ということになっている** 。」\n\n「～～ということになっている」, in this context, means that the ~~ part describes the \" **\n_fact_** \" that has been **_set up for the novel by its author_**.\n\nIn this case, one of those \"facts\" is that the doctor loved that formula by\nEuler.\n\nThe 「と」 in 「 **と** いうこと」 is quotative.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T08:00:32.947",
"id": "32394",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-23T08:00:32.947",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32387",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 32387 | null | 32391 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32397",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> ご注文の際は予めそちらをご了承の **上** お願い致します。\n\nHow do I read the 上? うえ? or じょう? \nWhat is the meaning of 上 in that sentence?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T07:30:21.417",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32392",
"last_activity_date": "2018-11-02T02:43:42.200",
"last_edit_date": "2018-11-02T02:43:42.200",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "How do I read 上 in ご注文の際は予めそちらをご了承の上お願い致します? What does it mean?",
"view_count": 217
} | [
{
"body": "The reading of 上 in this case is うえ and it means \"after\" in this case.\n\nご了承の上 is translated as \" after agreement\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T07:53:21.630",
"id": "32393",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-23T07:54:27.200",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-23T07:54:27.200",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "32392",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "うえ=on.In english,after～ condition～ understanding～ on～(this is best similiar\nword to 上).ご了承の下（もと）is same meaning.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T08:03:20.800",
"id": "32395",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-23T08:03:20.800",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13619",
"parent_id": "32392",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "「上」 is read 「うえ」 in that context.\n\n「～～の上（で）」 means \" _ **based on**_ ~~\". The ~~ part acts as a premise or\ncondition in performing an action. The ~~ part usually describes an\nunderstanding or agreement of some sort.\n\n>\n> 「ご[注文]{ちゅうもん}の[際]{さい}は[予]{あらかじ}めそちらをご[了承]{りょうしょう}の[上]{うえ}お[願]{ねが}い[致]{いた}します。」\n>\n> = \"Please place orders upon agreement and acceptance of (what has already\n> been explained).\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T08:13:50.387",
"id": "32397",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-23T08:13:50.387",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32392",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 32392 | 32397 | 32397 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34176",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How was the first Japanese-English dictionary made? In other words, how could\nthe author map correctly each Japanese word to its corresponding one in\nEnglish?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T08:09:46.703",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32396",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-08T05:36:28.960",
"last_edit_date": "2016-06-10T23:49:07.913",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"history",
"dictionary"
],
"title": "How was the first Japanese-English dictionary made?",
"view_count": 1202
} | [
{
"body": "To the best of my knowledge, and the knowledge of the dictionary's creator,\nthe first Japanese-English dictionary is the one published by by James Curtis\nHepburn in 1867. Hepburn was a physician and Protestant missionary in Japan,\nand you may recognize his name from Hepburn Romanization.\n\nIn the preface to the dictionary, Hepburn notes that he is responsible for\nmost of the contents. That is, he learned the language and then compiled what\nhe had learned into a dictionary. To quote Hepburn himself:\n\n> [The words] here published have been collected, for the most part, in the\n> course of [the author's] own reading, or heard in use among the people\n\nHepburn also cites the Portuguese-Japanese dictionaries published by the\nJesuits in 1603 and a \"small vocabulary\" by a contemporary Dr. Medhurst (from\nwhat I can tell, [Walter Henry\nMedhurst](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Henry_Medhurst), known for his\nwork on Chinese-English Dictionaries), but ultimately claims responsibility\nfor the bulk of the dictionary.\n\nA scan of the dictionary, including the preface that I cite above can be found\n[here](https://books.google.com/books?id=4h0TAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&hl=en#v=onepage&q&f=false).\n\nBiographical information came from the [wikipedia\narticle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Curtis_Hepburn) about Hepburn",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-16T16:49:16.823",
"id": "34176",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-16T16:49:16.823",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3800",
"parent_id": "32396",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "In 1860, Fukuzawa Yukichi published English-Japanese Dictionary (\"Zōtei Kaei\nTsūgo\"). It was his first publication. He bought English-Chinese Dictionary\n(\"Kaei Tsūgo\") in San Francisco in 1860. He translated it to Japanese and he\nadded the Japanese translations to the original textbook. In his book, he\ninvented the new Japanese characters VU (ヴ) to represent the pronunciation of\nVU and VA (ヷ) to represent the pronunciation of VA. For example, the name\nBeethoven is written as ベートーヴェン in Japanese now.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2019-10-08T05:36:28.960",
"id": "72349",
"last_activity_date": "2019-10-08T05:36:28.960",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "35606",
"parent_id": "32396",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 32396 | 34176 | 34176 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 現地を踏査した結果、そこには鉱物資源は埋もれていないことがわかった。Having prospected the area, we found no\n> mineral deposits there.\n\nWould you use うもれる or うずもれる for 埋もれる in this sentence?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T08:28:44.967",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32398",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-23T23:32:38.567",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12413",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Should one use うもれる or うずもれる in this sentence?",
"view_count": 404
} | [
{
"body": "According to the\n[dictionary](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/16307/meaning/m0u/), the answer\nis うずもれる.\n\n> 【３】「うもれる」は、物の中に入り込んで見えなくなる意。\n\nうもれる is used to express that you can't see because it is hidden in the middle\nof things.\n\n> 【４】「うずもれる」は、土や雪に覆われ、見えなくなる意。\n\nうずもれる is used to express that something is hidden under the ground or under\nsnow.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T13:14:25.187",
"id": "32405",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-23T13:14:25.187",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4216",
"parent_id": "32398",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "My personal recommendation is using the **[Japanese → English\ndictionary.](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/je/5883/meaning/m0u/)**\n\nHere you can find many examples, so even though 埋｛うず｝もれる and 埋｛う｝もれる is\ntranslated using the English word, \"be buried\",\n\nit seems 埋｛う｝もれる has a nuance of, even though when something is \"under\", the\n\"depth\" is shallower than 埋｛うず｝もれる, which as 駑馬十駕 san says, like, \"in the (\nvery ) middle of the things\".\n\nSo that I think in your case 埋｛うず｝もれる would sound better since as I said\nabove, minerals are not \"covered in the snows, gravels.\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-23T22:47:54.817",
"id": "33754",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-23T23:32:38.567",
"last_edit_date": "2016-04-23T23:32:38.567",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "32398",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 32398 | null | 32405 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32418",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "What I want to say is something as follows,\n\n> Up to now, there is no person who can find the mistake of person who does\n> not care about the possibility of the existence of living things on places\n> other than the earth.\n\nMy attempt is as follows. Could you verify whether or not my translation\ncorrect? Any comment and correction are highly appreciated.\n\n> 地球以外の所に生物が存在する可能性を気にしない人の間違いことを見つける人は今までもまだいない。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T08:36:27.557",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32399",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-26T07:16:11.357",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "A relative clause in a relative clause (Nested relative clauses)",
"view_count": 419
} | [
{
"body": "First sentence is some imcomprehensive. 地球以外の所に生物が存在する可能性に気づかない～. Your\nsentence is simply →宇宙に生物がいないと言ってる人の間違いを発見できない。Is this right?\n\nBy the way,because some virus live in various environment,it is not strange\nthat there are living things in some planets of universe.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T08:50:23.337",
"id": "32400",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-23T10:48:10.070",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-23T10:48:10.070",
"last_editor_user_id": "13619",
"owner_user_id": "13619",
"parent_id": "32399",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "The original English sentence seems awkward (if not grammatically incorrect)\nand I feel it may not be what you really mean to say. I'm going to guess you\nmeant this:\n\n> Up to now, one could not find fault with someone who does not care about the\n> possibility of the existence of living things on places other than the\n> earth.\n\nWhile this could possibly be translated with an expression like \"非難する\" or\n\"ケチをつける\" (for the 'find fault' part), let me give you my attempt at a natural,\nnon-literal translation.\n\n> 今まで、地球以外の所に生物が存在する可能性を全く気にしない人が居てもおかしくないと言えるでしょう。\n\nKnowing more of the context (like if the next sentence is talking about the\ndiscovery of aliens) might help refine the translation to make it fit better\ninto the whole.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T13:20:45.033",
"id": "32406",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-23T17:36:25.807",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-23T17:36:25.807",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"parent_id": "32399",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "How about...\n\n> 地球以外の場所に生命体が存在する可能性など気にも[留]{と}めない人の[過]{あやま}ちを[指摘]{してき}できた(or できる)人は、(or\n> 見つけられた人は、)今までのところ誰もいない。\n\nor a bit less literally...\n\n> 地球以外の場所に生命体が存在する(or\n> 地球外生命体の存在の)可能性など気にも留めない人のどこがいけないかを指摘できた(orできる)人は、今のところ誰もいない。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-24T04:28:17.667",
"id": "32418",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-26T07:16:11.357",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-26T07:16:11.357",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "32399",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 32399 | 32418 | 32400 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32403",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am trying to say something like:\n\n> Could you tell me where I could get my glasses repaired ?\n\nMy first try was to use 直れる (potential form of 直る) to say something like\n\n> 直れるところ \n> place where something can get repaired\n\nBut here, without even considering that it sounds quite weird (if not utterly\nwrong), the “potential form” of 直る seems not to exist (save for a few compound\nverbs like 立ち直れる (get over sth)).\n\nSo, from this point, taking into account that `place where something can be\nrepaired` uses passive voice I thought that it would be better to use passive.\n\n> 眼鏡が直られるところ \n> place where glasses are/get repaired\n\nSo that the final sentence looks like this:\n\n> 眼鏡が直れてもらえるところを教えてくださいませんか。 \n> Could you tell me where I could get my glasses repaired?\n\nAnd I think at this point that the above sentence is grammatically correct and\nconveys the right meaning. But I don't think it is really natural yet. Indeed,\neven if 直る seems to fit in this kind of situation, according to the\ndictionary, I don't get many hits on large database like google, weblio or\nbbcwj. In fact, 修理 seems to be used in that case.\n\nSo I reworded it with 修理:\n\n> 眼鏡が修理されてもらえるところを教えてくださいませんか。or \n> 眼鏡を修理させてもらえるところを教えてくださいませんか。\n\nBut here again, 修理される (be repaired) or 修理させる (have repaired) seems not to work\nso well in this context.\n\nSo here is my end sentence,\n\n> 眼鏡が修理してもらえるところを教えてくださいませんか。\n\nMy question is multi-folded:\n\n * Is my end sentence both grammatically correct and natural?\n * Am I right in the fact that 直れる does not exist save for a few compound verbs?\n * Am I right in what I said about 修理[する・される・させる]?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T10:41:21.897",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32402",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-23T15:24:53.253",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-23T14:44:39.557",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "4216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "A question about 直る and 修理",
"view_count": 273
} | [
{
"body": "You would say:\n\n> 眼鏡を直してもらえるところを教えてくださいませんか。 \n> Could you tell me where I could get my glasses repaired.\n\nYou don't say 「直れてもらう」. Use transitive 「直す」 + 「もらう」 -> 「直してもらう」, literally\n\"have someone repair.\"\n\nI don't think I have ever seen 「直れる」 outside compound verbs... I think we just\nuse 「直る」 for both \"be repaired\" and \"can be repaired\".\n\n> 眼鏡が直られるところ \n> place where glasses are/get repaired\n\nThe passive form of 「直す」(\"to repair\") is 「直される」, so \"where glasses are\nrepaired\" would literally translate to 「眼鏡が直されるところ」, but we don't really say\n「眼鏡が直されるところを教えてくれませんか」. In daily conversation, you'd rather say:\n\n> 「眼鏡を/が直せるところを教えてくれませんか。」 \n> (Lit. Can you tell me where I can repair my glasses?)\n\n... even though you're not going to repair them by yourself.\n\n* * *\n\n眼鏡が修理されてもらえるところ is unnatural and doesn't make much sense. \n眼鏡を修理させてもらえるところ is natural, but it would mean \"where I am allowed to / they\nlet me repair my glasses (by myself)\".\n\nYour last sentence:\n\n> 眼鏡が修理してもらえるところを教えてくださいませんか。\n\nlooks perfect to me. You could also say 「眼鏡を修理してもらえるところを・・・」. \n(Both 「を」 and 「が」 sound fine since there's a potential もらえる.)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T10:53:10.393",
"id": "32403",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-23T15:24:53.253",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-23T15:24:53.253",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "32402",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 32402 | 32403 | 32403 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> トンネルを抜けると雪国であった\n\nNow, トンネルを抜ける means \"to come out of the tunnel\". 雪国 is the \"Snow Country\" and\nであった is the past tense of である, the \"to be\" verb in its literary form\n(according to tangorin.com).\n\nHow does と connect both these parts? What is its meaning here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T13:48:05.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32407",
"last_activity_date": "2021-09-05T17:56:52.363",
"last_edit_date": "2021-09-05T17:56:52.363",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "12253",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-と"
],
"title": "What's the function of the particle と in: トンネルを抜けると雪国であった?",
"view_count": 256
} | [
{
"body": "I think this 「と」 is `Conjunctive particle` which is used to **indicate the\nsituation right before the situation following 「と」 happened**.\n\nSo I'd interpret this sentence like:\n\n> 「トンネルを抜ける」 ((The person) goes through the tunnel)\n\nhappened right before\n\n> 「雪国だった」 ( _the person finds himself in a snowy country._ (← idiomatic\n> interpretation))",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-24T15:43:24.800",
"id": "32435",
"last_activity_date": "2021-09-05T16:36:00.510",
"last_edit_date": "2021-09-05T16:36:00.510",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "13662",
"parent_id": "32407",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "That is a passage from a famous novel \"Yukiguni(雪国)\" written by Yasunari\nKawabata.\n\n国境の長いトンネルを抜けると雪国であった\n\nThis sentence consists of two sentences joined together by a conjunction.\n\n｢(汽車は)国境の長いトンネルを抜けた。｣ \"The train came out of the long border tunnel.\"\n\n｢すると、そこは雪国だった。｣ \"Then there was a snow country.\"\n\nThough, a part of the sentence is made very short because it gives us the\nfeeling of the snow scene that appears suddenly. It is a little unnatural in\neveryday conversation, but that is the beauty of this sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-24T17:21:05.493",
"id": "32440",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-24T17:21:05.493",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13598",
"parent_id": "32407",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 32407 | null | 32435 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32423",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "How to say \"I'm happy to be here right now\". This is my guess:\n\n> わたしはすごくうれしい、いまここにがいるから.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T14:31:47.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32408",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-24T12:37:26.480",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-23T14:55:49.100",
"last_editor_user_id": "13645",
"owner_user_id": "13645",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How to say \"I'm happy to be here right now\"",
"view_count": 3267
} | [
{
"body": "How about :\n\n> 私は今、ここにいる事が幸せ。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-23T15:34:40.233",
"id": "32410",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-24T00:56:59.450",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-24T00:56:59.450",
"last_editor_user_id": "11830",
"owner_user_id": "1065",
"parent_id": "32408",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> ここにいるだけですごくうれしい\n\nwhich Google Translate has as \"Very happy just to be here.\"\n\nA little more formally:\n\n> こちらにいるだけでとてもうれしいです\n\nA Tokyo gal might say\n\n> ここにいるからちょううれしいわ\n\nAnd someone in Osaka might say\n\n> ここにいるのでめっちゃうれしい\n\nちょう (超) means \"very\" or \"extremely\" and is Tokyo slang.\n\nめっちゃ is Osaka slang for the same. Google Translate suggests 'hella'",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-24T02:49:59.593",
"id": "32417",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-24T03:55:29.470",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-24T03:55:29.470",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9542",
"parent_id": "32408",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "I would say:\n\n> [今]{いま}、ここにいられて[嬉]{うれ}しいです。 ← polite \n> 今、ここにいられて嬉しい。 ← casual\n\nいられる (lit. \"can be\") is the potential form of the verb いる(居る), \"to be\n(somewhere) / to exist\". \nいられて is the te-form of いられる. The て joins the two clauses いられる and うれしい, and\nhere it indicates that ここにいられる is the reason for your feeling 嬉しい.\n\nYou could begin the sentence with わたしは, and a guy might use masculine ぼくは\ninstead, but it can often be left out as implied.\n\nYou wouldn't have to change your wording depending on the gender of your\naudience.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-24T08:44:28.263",
"id": "32423",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-24T12:37:26.480",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-24T12:37:26.480",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "32408",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 32408 | 32423 | 32410 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.