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"accepted_answer_id": "30545",
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"body": "The sentence is\n\n> とってもまずしくて明日食べるパンもありません。\n\nI know all of the words, but the grammar is confusing. Why is _ashita taberu_\nin the middle of the sentence?",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"syntax",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Help translating とってもまずしくて明日食べるパンもありません",
"view_count": 117
} | [
{
"body": "> 「とってもまずしくて **明日食べるパン** もありません。」\n\n＝\n\n> 「とってもまずしくて、 **明日食べるパン** もありません。」\n\n「[明日食]{あしたた}べる」 is a relative clause that modifies 「パン」. In the Japanese word\norder, the relative clause is placed in front of the noun that you want to\ngive additional information to.\n\nIn English, needless to say, it is the other way around -- \"the bread that I\n(can) eat tomorrow\". \"Bread\" comes first.\n\n> \"(Someone) is so poor that he does not even have any bread to eat tomorrow.\"\n\nWithout more context, one could not tell who the subject is. It could be \"I\",\nthe speaker himself.\n\nSome examples:\n\n「7-11で[買]{か}ったコーラ」 = \"the cola that I bought at 7-11\"\n\n「ニューヨークにあるレストラン」 = \"a/the restaurant that is in New York\"\n\n「ネットで[見]{み}たかわいいネコ」 = \"the cute cat that I saw on the internet\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-19T14:38:52.797",
"id": "30545",
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| 30544 | 30545 | 30545 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "Doesn't 趣味悪い{しゅみわるい} basically means \" _to have a bad sense of style / taste;_\n\". It is slang, and it sounds funny to say to a guy. It sounds playful, but\ncould be taken as impolite if the listener wants to.\n\n * If a friend has a poorly matched suit / shirt / tie, then you can describe how he looks as \"趣味悪い\".\n * To be funny, you can always say that his selection of his girlfriend proves he is \"趣味悪い\".\n * If a Japanese friend were to order deep-fried cheese sticks from McDonalds (a pretty vile food in my book), I'd say he is \"趣味悪い\" just to be funny.\n * It'd probably be awkward to say to a girl.\n\nWhere am I wrong on my interpretation of \"趣味悪い\"?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-19T15:32:02.757",
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"tags": [
"slang"
],
"title": "What are appropriate contexts for saying \"趣味悪い\"?",
"view_count": 293
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{
"body": "I'm pretty sure someone else can provide a more definitive answer, but here's\nwhat I know.\n\n * If you want to use an adjective, like you are in your examples, you would use 悪趣味{あくしゅみ}.\n * I wouldn't use it to describe someone's tastes in foods. That sounds like \"You have a bad sense of food,\" and it a bit awkward. It'd use 悪食{あくじき} or ゲテモノ好{す}き, both meaning \"someone who likes bizarre/gross food\".\n * It's perfectly fine to use with women. Just be careful who you use it with.\n * It's not slang, though 「趣味悪い」 is a bit colloquial. 「趣味が悪い」 would be the proper way of saying it.\n * You are right that it can be taking as impolite. However, it does not necessarily have to sound playful. You can use it in disgust if you wanted to. I would be careful using it, as people can take it as mocking.",
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| 30546 | null | 30553 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30550",
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"body": "I'm studying kanji and just got to this character recently. Kanji dictionaries\nall over the internet list \"also N5116\" as one of its meanings but what\nexactly is that N5116? I tried googling it a bit but only found the same\ndictionaries.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-19T16:48:22.510",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"dictionary"
],
"title": "響: what is N5116?",
"view_count": 847
} | [
{
"body": "I think that N5116 is a dictionary index for the \"Classic Nelson\", i.e. _The\nOriginal Modern Reader's Japanese–English Character Dictionary: Classic\nEdition_ by Andrew Nelson, so that N5116 means \"character 5116 in the Classic\nNelson\".\n\nThe actual _kanji_ 響 [seems to be 5114 in this\ndictionary](http://jisho.org/search/%E9%9F%BF%20%23kanji) (i.e. N5114 in the\nnotation used above) and I'm guessing that N5116 is a variant of the same\ncharacter. Unfortunately, I don't have a copy of the Classic Nelson to check\nwhat variant that would be...\n\nIn any case, I think \"also N5116\" is an annotation to the _kanji_ 響, meaning\nthat 響 can also be written in some other way, and somewhere during database\ncrunching got listed as a meaning, which it is not.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-19T17:27:56.330",
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"body": "As mentioned by Earthliŋ, these are indices in the Classic Nelson kanji\ndictionary. A [quick search](http://rut.org/cgi-\nbin/j-e/jis/nocolor/dokanji?index=t&ivalue=3a39%7C3641&) tells us that N5114\ncorresponds to the index N6610 in the _New Nelson_ dictionary. Here's an image\nfrom my New Nelson dictionary. N5116 presumably corresponds to N6612 then.\n\n\n\nWhen I look for pages that mention this, it looks like they're using outdated\nversions of [kanjidic](http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~jwb/kanjidic.html)...",
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| 30547 | 30550 | 30550 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30554",
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"body": "I know that **食べられない** can be a passive or a potential verb, but in this case\nI think it is used like a potential verb, so I don't know why that **に** is\nthere.\n\nAbout **入った可能性** , I think it is a _relative clause_ so **入った{はいった}** is\nmodifying **可能性{かのうせい}** but, I don't get what it means.\n\n> ～は冷凍のカツ **に** 食べられない物が **入った可能性** があるため、捨てることにしました。\n\nI saw this\n[here](http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10010376841000/k10010376841000.html).\n\nThanks for your help.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-19T17:40:36.270",
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"id": "30551",
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"owner_user_id": "12251",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Why is the particle に used between カツ and たべられない and what does 入った可能性 mean?",
"view_count": 158
} | [
{
"body": "You got the wrong idea about what modifies what :)\n\nLook at this part closely:\n\n> 食べられない物が入った可能性がある\n\nIf you isolate this part, it becomes clear that it means \"inedible things that\nmay have gotten in\"(or lit. \"a possibility that inedible things got in\").\n可能性がある means 可能性(possibility）＋がある(exists), so it literally means \"a\npossibility exists\". Now let's add some more to this sentence:\n\n> 食べられない物が入った可能性があるため、捨てることにしました.\n\nIt is a lot more clear now that this means \"due to the possibility of inedible\nthings that got in, I decided to throw away\".\n\nNow that we got that section clear, we're only left with the first part of the\nsentence. When we add it we can see the appropriate context and how everything\nis modified:\n\n> **冷凍のカツに** ｜ _食べられない物が入った可能性があるため_ ｜、捨てることにしました",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-19T18:26:02.130",
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| 30551 | 30554 | 30554 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "> つくろうとしている\n\nつくる ー To create \nしている ー Is doing\n\nWhat is the うと part?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-19T21:24:03.890",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation"
],
"title": "Can someone explain this sentence? つくろうとしている",
"view_count": 138
} | [
{
"body": "This is parsed as 作ろう + とする.\n\n作ろう is the [volitional\nform](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_verb_conjugation#Volitional_.28Presumptive.2C_Hortative.29)\nof 作る. When this form is combined with とする, it gives a meaning of _try to do_.\nThe -ている makes it present progressive.\n\n> 作ろうとしている = To be trying to create",
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"creation_date": "2016-01-19T21:37:29.983",
"id": "30556",
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| 30555 | null | 30556 |
{
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"body": "> アメリカやヨーロッパなど6つの国は、イランが核兵器をつくろうとしているのではないかと考えて、経済制裁（＝貿易などを禁止すること）を続けていました。\n\nAmerica and Europe etc plus 6 countries (this is the topic) \nIran is trying to make nuclear weapons \nSince it is not prohibited economic sanctions (the thing that prohibits\ninternational trade) are continuing.\n\nI get the basic gist but I don't really understand lots of the grammar.\n\nEspecially:\n\n * What is it really saying about America? It seems the topic of individual clauses changes lots\n * I understand the つくろうとしている。But not the のではないかとかんがえて。 Does it mean since it is not prohibited? I don't understand how the grammar works here. ～ので？ ～かと？\n\nCheers",
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"creation_date": "2016-01-20T04:18:04.297",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"parsing"
],
"title": "Can someone explain how this massive sentence works",
"view_count": 457
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{
"body": "The sentence\n\nアメリカやヨーロッパなど６つの国は、イランが核兵器をつくろうとしているのではないかと考えて、経済制裁（＝貿易などを禁止すること）を続けていました。\n\ntranslates to\n\n\"America and five European countries have wondered whether Iran has been\nplanning on making atomic weapons and continued economic sanctions (such as\ncessation of trade).\"\n\nイランが核兵器をつくろうとしている means \"Iran is trying to make atomic weapons\".\n\nThe rest of the sentence consists of three parts\n\nアメリカやヨーロッパなど６つの国は、～しているのではないかと考えて、～続けていました。\n\nwhich is just \"American and five European nations have wondered whether or not\n＜something is happening＞, and continued ＜to do something＞.\"\n\nのではないかと考えて means \"wondering whether or not ＜something＞\". The の nominalizes the\npreceding verbal phrase; ではない is the typical way of negating something.",
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"creation_date": "2016-01-20T04:41:48.090",
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"body": "To break down:\n\n * The main topic remains the same throughout the sentence: アメリカやヨーロッパなど6つの国 (lit. \"six countries including America and Europe\"). As I said elsewhere, this phrase seems a bit odd, but I think the author wanted to say \"America and _five_ European countries\".\n * And those 6つの国 serves as the subject of the following two verbs: 考えて and 続けていました。 So the basic structure of the sentence is 「6つの国は、～と考えて、～を続けてきました。」(\"The six countries _thought_ [something], and _have continued_ [something]\").\n * ～と考える is \"think ～\", and と here is the quotative particle. イランが核兵器をつくろうとしているのではないか is what と refers to, so this is what the six countries thought. I think you failed to catch this part.\n * In 「イランが核兵器をつくろうとしているのではないか」, \n * You're understanding of イランが核兵器をつくろうとしている is perfect.\n * ～のではないか is a very common pattern you should be familiar with, and is asked and answered here: [ではないか Grammar translation](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17947/5010) \nBasically it's \"Isn't it that ～?\", \"I wonder ～\", or \"[I'm/they're/etc] afraid\nthat ～\". Lots of examples\n[here](http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A7%E3%81%AF%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84%E3%81%8B).",
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"body": "(My Japanese and my linguistics are both pretty rusty, so grammar geeks may\nwant to correct some of the details in comments.)\n\nThe sentence is simpler than it looks. A literal translation (often a good\nstep on the way toward an idiomatic one) would be something like:\n\n> As for the six countries such as America and Europe, thinking “might not\n> Iran be trying to make a nuclear weapon?”, they were continuing the\n> sanctions (i.e., the prohibition on trading and such).\n\nBreaking it down:\n\n> アメリカやヨーロッパなど6つの国は、\n\n * 「ＡやＢなど」is a construction meaning “A, B, and so on” or “such as A and B”.\n * 「6つの国」is “six countries” or “the six countries”. (Personally I would have stuck another の in there to join the two noun phrases,「アメリカやヨーロッパなどの6つの国」, but I'm not a native speaker.) \n * 「は」(“As for…” in the heavy-handed literal translation) is the topic marker, as of course you know.\n\n> イランが核兵器をつくろうとしているのではないかと考えて\n\n * 「イランが核兵器をつくる」would be “Iran makes nuclear weapons” or “Iran makes a nuclear weapon.” 「つくろうとする」would be “tries to make”, so「つくろうとしている」gives us “is trying to make.”\n * 「の」here turns the preceding clause this into a noun phrase (similar to こと, see below), which we could render in English as “Iran's attempt to make a nuclear weapon”, but in context it's closer to “that Iran is trying to make a nuclear weapon”, or even “the fact that Iran is trying to make a nuclear weapon”. I _say_ “fact,” but—\n * —the「ではないか」casts doubt on that (it's equivalent to「じゃないか？」). “Might it not be the case that Iran is trying to make a nuclear weapon?”\n * The「と」here is the quotative「と」(you can tell because it's followed by「考える」, just as if it were「思う」or, what you're most likely to encounter first when studying Japanese,「言う」), indicating that the whole preceding phrase about Iran is _what_ the six countries are thinking. (Thus the heavy-handed quotation marks in my literal translation.)\n * The verb「考える」is in what's called the gerund form here, 「考えて」— “thinking”.\n\n> 経済制裁を続けていました\n\n * I've translated 「続けていました」 literally as “they were continuing”, but as discussed in [this answer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/1366/11624) the ～ている form indicates the continuation of a state as well as the continuation of an action. Just “continued the sanctions” is probably closer. (It's extra-confusing because we're dealing with the verb「続ける」, ‘continue’. “Continued to continue” would be over the top as a translation, but that sort of implication is probably in there. An English-language article would probably say something like “agreed—” or _decided_ , or _determined_ — “to leave the sanctions in place.”)\n\n> ＝貿易などを禁止すること\n\n * Backtracking: as before, ～など means “such as” or “etc.”「こと」(事) literally means “thing” or “fact”, but here it just acts to turn「禁止する」into a noun phrase—“the prohibition of”.\n\nAll that gives us:\n\n> The six nations—America, Europe, and so on—suspecting Iran might [still] be\n> trying to make a nuclear weapon, continued the sanctions (i.e. prohibition\n> of trade and such).\n\nWhen in doubt, work backwards. 考えて, ～と考えて, ～か, ～ないか, ～ではないか… if you start from\nthe verb you're much less likely to accidentally invent new particles like かと\nand ので.\n\nI hope that helps!",
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| 30560 | null | 30569 |
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"body": "I've studied the use of a polite(?) te-form conjugation that is used to\nenumerate actions or for a request (adding `ください`). Examples would be `聞いて`,\n`死んで`.\n\nBut what about non-polite(?) te-form conjugations? `聞け`, `死ね`, when do you use\nthem? They rather seem imperative, as if the speaker were giving an order with\nan angry tone, but I believe that's actually the case of the `〜なさい` suffix.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-20T06:12:40.447",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"て-form",
"imperatives"
],
"title": "When to use these plain Te-Forms?",
"view_count": 1424
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{
"body": "Choco's right but being pedantic ;)\n\n~て form is often used as a casual direct request/command. ドア開けて！早く飲んで！ Adding\nくれ！makes it very powerful, impatient, angry, desperate or comic.\n\n~なさい is more how you would politely but strongly address/command/request a\nchild or 'lower' person. You could also see it as one step down in formality\nfrom ください。\n\nLike many things, tone, delivery and situation impart a lot of nuance and\nvariety of application.",
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"body": "Let's talk about the imperative in Japanese: an imperative is a way to give\norders and/or commands. However, the form of these utterances decides whether\nthey are humble requests to barked orders.\n\nYou can find a quite complete reference\n[here](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/requests)\n\nIn general you can use a number of forms:\n\n * ます-stem+`なさい`: this is a polite yet firm request. It is often used to soften orders, between parents and child or boss/employee.\n\n> よく聞｛き｝きなさい！\n\n * て-form+`ください` or noun+`ください`: This also a polite way of expressing a request, think of \"Please do this\". This is widely used, I hear it all the time in classrooms:\n\n> 座｛すわ｝ってください！\n\n * The imperative form that is made from either turning the last syllable of a godan verb to the corresponding `e` pair or by adding `ろ` to the stem of a ichidan verb. This one is used for strong orders, such as those you give to your dog:\n\n> 走｛はし｝れ！ しっかりしろ！\n\nThere are other variations, but these are the main imperative forms. Note that\nthe て-form is one imperative form among many others. Usage of those forms\ndepends a lot on the context, mainly the current situation and relationship\nbetween the speakers.\n\nAn interesting example is `頑張｛がんば｝る`, to do one's best, to strive for\nperfection.\n\n * 頑張りなさい would typically be used by soccer moms encouraging their children.\n * 頑張ってください would be used to encourage a co-worker.\n * 頑張って may be used by friends encouraging you\n * 頑張れ (often written ガンバレ) will be used by sports fan cheering on their favorite team/player.\n\nUnfortunately there is no set rule, so it will take some time to recognize in\nwhich situation which form of imperative is to be used.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-22T06:42:55.180",
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| 30564 | 30616 | 30616 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30566",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From the definition of 広告 in\n[大辞泉](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/72817/meaning/m0u/%E5%BA%83%E5%91%8A/):\n\n> **商業上の目的で**\n> 、商品やサービス、事業などの情報を積極的に世間に広く宣伝すること。また、そのための文書や放送など。「―を載せる」「新製品を―する」「募集―」\n\nI wonder why they use 上 in 商業上の目的で. Why not just 商業の目的で?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-20T06:35:32.863",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"suffixes"
],
"title": "Why is 上 used in 商業上の目的で?",
"view_count": 97
} | [
{
"body": "It would need to be 「[商業上]{しょうぎょうじょう}の[目的]{もくてき}で」 with 「上」 to mean \" ** _for\ncommercial purposes_** \".\n\n「商業の目的」 sounds too \"grandiose\" to my Japanese ear. That is like saying \" **The\nPurpose of Commerce** \" in a much more philosophical sense.\n\nIf one were talking about advertisement or its place in commerce as an\neveryday kind of phenomenon, 「商業 **上** の目的」 would sound much more natural and\nsuitable.",
"comment_count": 1,
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| 30565 | 30566 | 30566 |
{
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"body": "I'm having some trouble finding what `フッたん` means, I can see that `降った` is\nread the same, but I've found is never even rendered in Hiragana let alone\nthis way. I'm not even particularly sure if `フッたん` is something by itself.\n\nThe full piece of dialogue is the following:\n\n> サイッテ~ ...彼氏と別れた~。\n>\n> ...私がフッたんだけどさ~...。~\n\nA bit more context is that it is a girl speaking to two others.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of フッたん",
"view_count": 404
} | [
{
"body": "フッたんだ is a colloquial way of saying ふったのだ.\n\n * ふる: to ditch (someone), to dump (someone). See definition 5 in [this entry](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/195909/meaning/m0u/). It's 振る in kanji, but in this sense, it's usually written in hiragana and [sometimes in katakana](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1930/5010).\n * ふっ + た: te-form of ふる + た denoting past\n * んだ = のだ. See [this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/23936/5010).\n\nSo 私がフッたんだけどさ means \"It's me who dumped him, though.\"",
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"body": "The whole dialogue is very colloquial, and it's quite common when rendering\ncolloquial speech in writing, especially manga, to use katakana to render\nemphasis.\n\nYou did not make any remark about it, but the first word of the dialogue is a\nvery typical example of this, so is a big hint when we see the フッたん later that\nit's still the same thing happening : \nサイッテー which would normally be 最低{さいてい} (\"the worst\", \"what a shit\") shows\nthree colloquial effects: use of katakana instead of kanji/hiragana, えい at the\nend changing into an lengthened え, and an extra っ before the て to mark a\nchopped style of speaking for extra emphasis.",
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"creation_date": "2016-01-20T10:10:27.220",
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| 30568 | 30570 | 30570 |
{
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"body": "When I asked Japanese about the opposite of 同じ, they always answer 違う. For me,\nit sounds strange that 同じ which is a noun has an antonym 違う which is a verb.\n\nIs there a pair of adjectives in Japanese that convey the same meaning as the\npair of \"same-different\" in English?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-20T08:43:14.630",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"etymology",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "同｛おな｝じ that means \"same\" is a noun but 違｛ちが｝う that means \"differs\" is a verb",
"view_count": 1168
} | [
{
"body": "First, 同じ is not a noun; 同じ by itself cannot serve as a subject or the object\nof a transitive verb. For example, 同じが言える and 同じを見る are ungrammatical.\n\n * [About 「同{おな}じ」 and 「同{おな}じく」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/380/5010)\n * [「同じ」という単語の品詞なんですが、形容詞でいいんですか？](http://nhg.pro.tok2.com/qa/keiyoushi-2.htm)\n\nAccording to one dictionary, 同じ is a _special_ 形容動詞 (≒na-adjective), which\ndoesn't require な when it directly modifies a regular noun (see the third\nexample below).\n\n同じ is grammatically special, and there seems to be no antonym that works\nexactly in the same way as 同じ.\n\nThat said, assuming 同じ is a kind of 形容動詞, one closer word which is an antonym\nof 同じ is **別【べつ】**.\n\n * AとBは同じだ。 ／ AとBは別だ。 ／ AとBは違う。\n * AとBは同じです。 ／ AとBは別です。 ／ AとBは違います。\n * 同じ話をします。 ／ 別 **な(の)** 話をします。 ／ 違う話をします。\n * 同じなので難しい。 ／ 別なので難しい。 ／ 違うので難しい。\n * 同じであれば嬉しい。 ／ 別であれば嬉しい。 ／ 違う **の** であれば嬉しい。\n * 同じだろう。 ／ 別だろう。 ／ 違うだろう。\n * 同じだった。 ／ 別だった。 ／ 違った。\n\nSo, 別 is grammatically a bit closer to 同じ, isn't it? :-)\n\nAside from the word class, there is a small but important difference in\nmeaning between 別 and 違う. But it's very difficult to explain... Anyway, here's\n[an article about this topic in\nJapanese](http://www.gges.org/library/class1/docuclass1/soturon/Momosaki2013.pdf).\nIn a word, I feel 別 is closer to _another_ while 違う is closer to _different_\n(and it also means _incorrect_ ).",
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| 30571 | 30574 | 30574 |
{
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"body": "Very basic grammar but for some reason I cannot easily find an answer online.\nFor example, \"My house is 5km from school.\"\n\nKind of like かかります but for distance instead of time.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-20T08:46:43.373",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-01-20T09:32:23.153",
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"owner_user_id": "12209",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How do I say \"x is y kilometres from z\"?",
"view_count": 908
} | [
{
"body": "There are a few common ways to express that.\n\n「[家]{いえ} **は** [学校]{がっこう} **から** 5km **のところにあります** 。」\n\n「家 **から** 学校 **まで** （ **は** ）5km **あります** 。」\n\n「家 **から** 学校 **まで** （ **は** ）5km **です** 。」\n\n「家 **は** 学校 **から** 5km[離]{はな}れています。」\n\n「家 **は** 学校 **から** 5km **離れたところにあります** 。」\n\nIt is hard to say which one is most common. You will hear them all.\n\nNote: I used \"km\" for the writing purpose. When you say these sentences out\nloud, you will read it as 「キロ」. From the context, no one will think you are\ntalking about weight.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-20T09:41:49.273",
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| 30572 | null | 30575 |
{
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"body": "I'm reading a story and two siblings are playing 'hide and seek'. The younger\none, after finding a hiding place, says:\n\n> ここならお兄ちゃんには絶対に見つからないよ\n\nここなら means 'if here' that is, from the context, 'if I hide in here...'\n\nThe rest of the sentence, I can tell, have the general meaning of \"if I hide\nin here, my brother will absolutely not find me\". But breaking down the\nsentence to pieces... what is the role of お兄ちゃんには? お兄ちゃん is not a location so\nに has little sense (to me) when applied to it.\n\nWhat's going on?\n\nThank you very much.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-20T11:43:14.173",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Other uses of the particle に in お兄ちゃんには見つからない",
"view_count": 502
} | [
{
"body": "This に is not a location marker. In [this article about the particle\nに](http://japanese.about.com/library/weekly/aa090901a.htm):\n\n> **Source**\n>\n> \"Ni\" indicates an agent or a source in passive or causative verbs. It\n> translates into \"by\" or \"from\".\n>\n> * 母にしかられた。 I was scolded by my mother.\n> * トムに英語を教えてもらった。 I was taught English by Tom.\n>\n\nThe verb in question, 見つかる, is categorized as a _passive-like verb_ (受動詞) by\nsome linguists, and it functions as if it were passive even though there is no\nれる/られる. Such verbs include (but are not limited to):\n\n * ～に見つかる to be found by ～\n * ～に教わる to be taught by ～\n * ～に捕まる to be caught by ～\n * ～に負ける to be defeated by ～\n * ～に破れる to be defeated by ～\n * ～に知れる to come to be known to ～\n\nList taken from [this\narticle](http://www.lingua.tsukuba.ac.jp/ippan/TWPL0/TWPL05_31/2_meng2012.pdf).\n\nPractically, I think you can forget the grammatical term and just memorize\nthat these verbs always take に.",
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| 30577 | null | 30578 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30582",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Ignoring ② [here](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E4%B8%AD%E4%BD%8D), is there\nany difference in daily usage/meaning? Is one used more often than another?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-20T14:48:09.767",
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"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Is there a difference between 中位（ちゅうい） and 中位（ちゅうくらい）?",
"view_count": 146
} | [
{
"body": "Both roughly mean _medium_ , _moderate_ , _average_ , but:\n\n * 中位（ちゅうい） is a typical [漢語](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Japanese_vocabulary) and thus used mainly in technical/scientific/formal contexts. 中くらい is colloquial.\n\n * 中位（ちゅうい） tends to refer to middle position (in a ranking, hierarchy, etc), while 中くらい tends to refer to physical size/intensity/etc. For example, 中位（ちゅうい）の家 is not something we commonly say, but it sounds like a middle-class family which is not particularly rich nor poor. 中くらいの家 sounds like a physically mid-sized house or a mid-sized family (with, say, 3-4 members). 中位（ちゅうい）の自動車 comes off to me as a car which is not very expensive nor cheap, while 中くらいの自動車 is a car which is not very large nor small. 中位（ちゅうい）のチェスプレーヤー is a chess player ranked roughly in the middle, and 中くらいのチェスプレーヤー would sound odd.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-20T15:33:03.677",
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"body": "The two words are very different in actual usage.\n\n中位【ちゅうい】 is basically confined to only as \"middle\" in high (top)--middle--low\n(bottom) tripartite system often used in academic papers (except for 中位数\n\"median\").\n\n中【ちゅう】くらい (位 rarely written in kanji) has no formal definition and is the\ncommon word for \"(around) middle/average\". Synonyms include 中程【なかほど】,\n真【ま】ん中【なか】, 中程度【ちゅうていど】 etc.\n\nIf you want to tell \"slightly above average\" you can say 中くらいより少し上 but 中位より少し上\nsounds odd because 中位 represents a broad range by itself so that it doesn't\nreally get along with \"slight\".",
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| 30579 | 30582 | 30582 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30583",
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"body": "> 俺も泣き顔より笑顔の方が格段にいいと思う。 \n> だから笑わないセイバーには苛々していた。 \n> **なのに、彼女は言っていた。 \n> 笑えと言う自分に、笑っている俺を見ている方がいいと。** \n> それは。 \n> 望遠鏡から覗く、届かない星と同じ。\n\nMy translation is the sequent:\n\n> I too believe a smiling face is way better than a crying one. \n> That is why I got angry at Saber who was not smiling. \n> **Despite that, she said: \n> For her, looking at me smile was better than telling herself to smile** \n> That was. \n> The same as looking through a telescope at an unreachable star.\n\nI am not sure about this sentence. \nI looked up the fantranslation and it goes like this:\n\n> I think a smiling face is much better than a crying one. \n> That's why I was irritated when Saber wasn't smiling. \n> **But when I told her to smile. \n> She said that it was better if she saw me smiling.** \n> That's… \n> It's like seeing stars through a telescope that you can never reach.\n\nWhich is the correct one and why? \nCan someone explain?",
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"creation_date": "2016-01-20T14:50:45.320",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Trouble understanding postponed quote",
"view_count": 158
} | [
{
"body": "I would parse it like this:\n\n> なのに彼女は、 [笑えと言う自分(=俺)]に、 「笑っている俺を見ている方がいい」と、 言っていた。 \n> (lit.) However, she was saying, [to me, who told her to smile,] that seeing\n> me smiling is better.\n\n「笑っている俺を見ている方がいい」 in this context means \"She (=Saber) is more comfortable when\nshe sees me (=俺) smile **(rather than when she herself smiles)** \".\n\nSo the fantranslation seems better to me.",
"comment_count": 3,
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| 30580 | 30583 | 30583 |
{
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"body": "This question is inspired by [this\nquestion](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/30580/trouble-\nunderstanding-postponed-quote). In English I can quote something in two ways:\n\n> She said \"Seeing **you** smile is better\". \n> She said that seeing **me** smile is/was better.\n\nOne uses quotes, and the other uses 'that'. So what happens in Japanese?\n\nThis one I think I am happy with:\n\n> 彼女は「笑っている **あなた** を見ている方がいい」と言った。\n\nI think this one is ok. I see things like it a lot in the book I'm reading\nnow:\n\n> 彼女は言った。「笑っている **あなた** を見ている方がいい」\n\nWhat about this one with no quotes (more like [the\nlink](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/30580/trouble-\nunderstanding-postponed-quote) and I've changed the pronoun):\n\n> 彼女は言った。笑っている **俺** を見ている方がいい。\n\nOr do I need と on the end to connect it to the previous sentence (exactly like\nin the link)?\n\nSo, which of these variants are correct? Are there any more? Are some better\nin writing rather than spoken?",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"quotes"
],
"title": "Direct and indirect quotes",
"view_count": 2188
} | [
{
"body": "> **(A)** 彼女は「笑っているあなたを見ている方がいい」と言った。 \n> **(B)** 彼女は笑っている俺を見ている方がいいと言った。 \n> **(C)** 彼女は笑っているあなたを見ている方がいいと言った。 \n> **(D)** 彼女は「笑っている俺を見ている方がいい」と言った。[×]\n\n(A) is a typical 直接話法 (direct speech) sentence, and (B) is a typical 間接話法\n(indirect speech) sentence. These are common both in English and Japanese, so\nthey should be easy.\n\n(C) is the same as (A) except that it lacks the quotation marks. This is still\nperfectly valid and common in Japanese, because the quotation marks are\noptional even when direct speech is used. That is, (B) and (C) are apparently\ndifferent, but have the same meaning! (as long as we know [the\ncontext](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30580/5010), of course)\n\nThis rule might be too confusing in English, but luckily Japanese has a lot of\npersonal pronouns. We know 俺 almost always refers to a man and あなた is usually\nsaid by a woman. Knowing that, (B) and (C) are not really confusing.\n\nHowever, (D) is funny. If there are brackets, it explicitly means direct\nspeech is used (i.e., the content is her own words). (D) looks as if the woman\nsaid 俺.\n\nMoving on...\n\n> **(A2)** 彼女は言った。「笑っているあなたを見ている方がいい」と。 \n> **(B2)** 彼女は言った。笑っている俺を見ている方がいいと。 \n> **(C2)** 彼女は言った。笑っているあなたを見ている方がいいと。\n\nThese are all valid and natural, too. The word order is changed for some\nrhetorical effect (known as 転置法/hyperbaton), but they're basically the same as\n(A)-(C).\n\nNow, what happens if we even omit the quotative particle と at the end?\n\n> **(A3)** 彼女は言った。「笑っているあなたを見ている方がいい」。 \n> **(B3)** 彼女は言った。笑っている俺を見ている方がいい。 ←your question \n> **(C3)** 彼女は言った。笑っているあなたを見ている方がいい。\n\nIf I'm not mistaken, these are somewhat closer to [free indirect speech and\nfree direct speech](http://www.davidcrystal.com/?id=2914). I would say these\nare slightly harder to understand because there is no と, but are still\ncompletely valid as literary, rhetoric, and/or poetic expressions. We can\nunderstand what is the quoted part even without と. Depending on the\nsurrounding sentences, these may be too difficult to understand, but that's\nanother story.\n\n(A3)-(C3) look far more dramatic than plain (A)-(C). Among the three, (C3) is\nprobably the most common and relatively easiest to understand. (B3) is related\nto free indirect speech and probably is the most tricky, but it looks very\ndramatic to me at the same time.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-20T18:06:01.050",
"id": "30585",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-20T21:48:20.730",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.157",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "30584",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
]
| 30584 | 30585 | 30585 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30587",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm hoping to confirm (or receive corrections) on a guess I have about the\nmeaning of a sentence.\n\nI'm reading a manga, and Character A stares at Character B for a long time\nwith a serious expression. Finally, she says:\n\n> Character A: ペプシコーラとコカ・コーラどっちがいいかな.\n>\n> Character B: **何を言い出すかと思えば**.\n\nCharacter B's response leads me to believe that he's saying something like,\n\"With a serious face like that, I had no idea what you were going to say.\" But\nI'm not sure if I'm correct. As far as I know, 言い出す means to \"blurt something\nout\", but the grammar here is confusing me. Would appreciate anyone being able\nto break this down for me, thank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-21T01:20:41.297",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30586",
"last_activity_date": "2021-06-27T10:02:20.710",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11274",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"phrases",
"rhetoric"
],
"title": "Phrase translation: 何を言い出すかと思えば",
"view_count": 1264
} | [
{
"body": "> Character A: 「ペプシコーラとコカ・コーラどっちがいいかな。」\n>\n> Character B: 「[何]{なに}を[言]{い}い[出]{だ}すかと[思]{おも}えば・・」\n\nB's line is basically an _**unfinished sentence**_ that ends in the\nconditional 「思えば」. To understand this, you need to be able to finish the\nsentence yourself. (I am sure you have heard an explanation like this before.)\n\nFirst, we know how goofy A's line sounds, don't we? It was not something B had\nexpected A to say in the given situation, was it? That is when we reply with\nan expression like 「何を言い出すかと思えば・・」、「何を言うかと思ったら・・」, etc.\n\nWhat is left unuttered after that \"conditional\" clause would be along the\nlines of:\n\n> 「そんなことか！」,\n>\n> 「そんなどうでもいいことか！」, etc.\n\n「そんなこと」 here , of course, refers to A's nonsensical line \" _ **Which should I\nget, a Pepsi or Coke?**_ \"\n\nUnfinished sentences are so common in spoken Japanese that we do not even\nthink they are unfinished. We do not really \"intentionally\" omit phrases; it\nis just how Japanese has been spoken. Even small kids use these if anyone is\nwondering.\n\nIt is not easy translating 「何を言い出すかと思えば」 as it is only a clause. To go as\nliteral as possible while still making sense in English, how about something\nlike:\n\n_**\" Just when I was wondering what (good things) you might say!\"**_\n\nWhat is implied here is that B had expected a much more meaningful\ncomment/statement from A.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-21T02:15:21.823",
"id": "30587",
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"parent_id": "30586",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
]
| 30586 | 30587 | 30587 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30590",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "What's the difference between the kanji term and the katakana term, and when\nshould I use them? I think that some katakana words are only used when the\nauthor is being gratuitous with katakana, but I didn't think マップ was one of\nthem.\n\nIn case context matters, I'm wanting to talk about tourist maps of cities and\ntowns at a scale small enough to indicate individual landmarks.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-21T02:37:46.673",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30588",
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"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"loanwords"
],
"title": "Difference between マップ and 地図",
"view_count": 648
} | [
{
"body": "Katakana is mainly used in imported words and onomatopoetic words. The word\n\"マップ\" is a imported word so it is written katakana.\n\nI think the basic difference in usage is 地図 is mainly used in Japan and マップ is\nmainly used for foreign people because 地図 is Japanese and マップ is the reading\nand writing in Japanese for the English word \"map\".\n\nIn addition, we eager to use English words in many situations like even\nJapanese news. I think many Japanese may think using English words is cool.\nWhen we use the word \"マップ”、this may be a main reason.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-21T03:09:04.000",
"id": "30589",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-22T05:49:03.380",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-22T05:49:03.380",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "30588",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "The far more versatile choice is 「[地図]{ちず}」; No question about it. I would say\nthat an average native speaker would learn to use 「マップ」 a good 10 years after\nlearning to use 「ちず」 as a toddler.\n\nIn school, the word used is 「地図」 virtually 100% of the time and that is both\nin and outside of geography classes. In daily life, when you draw a simple map\nto show another person the direction to a place, that map is called 「地図」, but\nnever ever「マップ」. Your collection of maps that you keep in your house or car\nare called 「地図」.\n\n「マップ」 is most often, if not exclusively, used in proper nouns (as in\n「グーグル・マップ」) and in naming little maps created for **_particular interests_**\nfor inclusion in magazines, websites, etc. Those include maps of restaurants,\nmaps of clothing stores, etc. in a relatively limited area.\n\nEven when a map is named 「～～マップ」 in a magazine or website, you can still call\nit a 「地図」 if you want to, but the reverse does not work. You would sound\npretty weird if you used 「マップ」 to refer to a map named 「～～地図」 like\n「[世界]{せかい}地図」 or 「[東京都]{とうきょうと}地図」.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-21T03:14:56.683",
"id": "30590",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-21T06:52:28.010",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-21T06:52:28.010",
"last_editor_user_id": "7717",
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"parent_id": "30588",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "the official translation of the map app on iOS is マップ, which leads me to think\nit's only used to denote a specific app whose NAME is マップ; but indeed, when\nreferring to an actual map, and not the app that bares such name, they use 地図.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-21T22:54:09.013",
"id": "30607",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-21T22:54:09.013",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12301",
"parent_id": "30588",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 30588 | 30590 | 30590 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30612",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> セイバーはどこに連れて行ってもいつもの調子だし、時には本気で怒っているのでは、と不安になるほど黙り込む事もあった。 \n> **お世辞にも楽しんでいた、と説明するのは憚られるぐらいの無反応ぶりに対して、こっちは次こそは次こそはと躍起になる。**\n>\n> Wherever I took Saber she looks the same as always, sometimes she goes so\n> quiet that she looks anxious and I wonder if she is angry. \n> Did she have any fun? The explanation to me asking myself this is that my\n> reaction to her lack of responses to the degree that she looked as if she\n> was hesitating, was to go around shops thinking desperately \"This is it\".\n\nI am probably wrong since I do not understand that bold sentence. Can someone\nhelp me?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-21T10:42:51.407",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30594",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-23T22:31:55.117",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "お世辞にも and quote",
"view_count": 302
} | [
{
"body": "If I take the part in bold letters in such a way as “She doesn’t show any\ninterest in my addressing to her. So I got eager to let her quickly respond to\nme next time, and another next time.” — sorry for my poor English translation.\n\nお世辞にも楽しんでいた、と説明するのは憚られるぐらい can be translated as “It can by no means suggest\nthat she was enjoying my call / solicitation.\n\nお世辞にも means “even for sake of compliment / lip service” by verbatim\ntranslation, and expresses a strong negation, for example;\n\n> 彼女はお世辞にも美人とは言えない。 \n> She isn’t beautiful by any means.\n>\n> 彼はお世辞にも絵が上手いとは言えない。 \n> He is by no means a good painter.\n>\n> 彼の英語はお世辞にも流暢とは言えない。 \n> He doesn’t speak English well at all.\n\nYou can replace 'お世辞にも' with the similar phrase, '(お)義理にも' meaning 'even under\nethical obligation.'",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-22T01:08:02.563",
"id": "30612",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-23T22:31:55.117",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "30594",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 30594 | 30612 | 30612 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30634",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "What nuance exactly does bring saying 楽しみに{たのしみに}しとく instead of the more usual\n楽しみにしています ? In this context, would the use of しとく(しておく) mean \"I rejoice myself\n_in advance_ about it\" ?\n\nContext : From a friend, referencing a diner we would have together in the\nevening of the same day.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-21T10:44:17.443",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30595",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-22T19:26:14.260",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-22T17:40:42.910",
"last_editor_user_id": "254",
"owner_user_id": "254",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"nuances",
"subsidiary-verbs"
],
"title": "Nuance of 楽しみにしとくね?",
"view_count": 726
} | [
{
"body": "My dictionary say \"しておく\" means \"ある目的のためにあらかじめある行為を行なうこと(an action for a\npurpose in advance). For example, 今日、明日のテストのために英語の勉強をしておく( I study English\ntoday for tomorrow exam.)\n\nI think 楽しみにしておく is a little more friendly and companionable saying than\n楽しみにしている but they are almost same meaning.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-21T15:15:54.007",
"id": "30597",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-21T15:22:29.340",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-21T15:22:29.340",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "30595",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "This is no easy question without knowing the exact context or situation in\nwhich to use either of the two expressions.\n\nSo, I will begin with the part of your question that I could answer with\ncomplete confidence. No, 「楽しみにしとく」 does **_not_** mean \" **I enjoy myself in\nadvance about it.** \" regardless of the context or situation.\n\nBoth 「楽しみにして **いる** 」 and 「 楽しみにして **おく** 」 are used to talk about possible\n**_future_** events, period.\n\n> Is it happening to you directly?\n\nMay the possible fun/happy event happen to you directly or to another person\nin your social circle? If the latter is the case, how close are you (the\nspeaker) to that person?\n\n「楽しみにして **いる** 」 is likely be the phrase choice for you if you are that person\nhimself or someone very close to that person. The possible fun/happy event\nwill influence your life more than it will others. 「して **おく** 」 would be a\nhighly unnatural choice in this case.\n\n「楽しみにして **おく** 」 might well be the phrase choice if you are not very close to\nthat lucky-person-to-be. Of course, you might still choose to use 「して **いる** 」\nto show your interest more.\n\n> When might the fun/happy event occur? (How far in the future?)\n\nRegardless of the amount of direct influence of the possible event, you might\nactually choose to say 「楽しみにして **おきます** 」 if the event will not occur anytime\nsoon in the first place.\n\nIt takes more energy to be 「楽しみに **している** 」 than to be 「楽しみに **しておく** 」\nbecause the former is something one does more actively than the latter. 「楽しみに\n**しておく** 」 **_could even mean or imply \"to forget about it now and start\nthinking about it when the day approaches_** \".\n\nIn conclusion, the phrase choice is influenced by multiple factors. There is\nno absolute rule as to which to choose when. This is why I said it was no easy\nquestion at the beginning. You do not want to sound either unusually\ninterested or overly indifferent.\n\nWhen in doubt, you will always have a safe alternative of just saying\n「楽しみですね！」 with a smile.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-21T15:25:49.470",
"id": "30598",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-21T15:25:49.470",
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},
{
"body": "The word おく in しておく works to add a nuance \"for a period of time.\"\n\n> 楽しみにしています。\n>\n> 楽しみにしてます。\n>\n> 楽しみにしてる。\n>\n> 楽しみです。\n>\n> 楽しみ。\n\nThese five expressions all mean \"I'm excited about it\", \"I can't wait\" or\nsomething like that. These are expressing the present feeling.\n\nThe following expressions fundamentally mean the same feeling as those above,\nbut also express the nuance \"for a period of time.\"\n\n> 楽しみにしておきます。\n>\n> 楽しみにしておく。\n>\n> 楽しみにしときます。\n>\n> 楽しみにしとく。\n>\n> 楽しみにしとくね。\n\nThese five expressions all mean \"I'm excited about it, and will be excited\nabout it for a period of time (maybe, until it happens.)\" or something like\nthat.\n\nThe more accurate nuance of this kind of おく is something like \"let it be for a\nperiod of time\". So, if someone says 「楽しみにしとくね。」, it means that s/he keeps the\nfeeling 楽しみ and won't change the 楽しみ feeling for a period of time.\n\nThese expressions are sincerely used by people in many cases. But sometimes,\npeople use one of these expressions just in order to be polite, or to put\npressure on someone. I guess your friend said that sincerely.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-22T19:26:14.260",
"id": "30634",
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"owner_user_id": "10484",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 30595 | 30634 | 30597 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30602",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Reading through my first short story by 秋田滋訳 and have gone ahead with the\nstory and had relatively few problems with it, but I'm a bit confused by the\nfirst line:\n\n> [新聞]{しんぶん}をひろげてみて[次]{つぎ}のような[三面記事]{さんめんきじ}が[出]{で}ていない[日]{ひ}はほとんどあるまい。\n\nI get we're talking about 'try to spread the newspaper' amd 'the following\nhuman interest story' but I'm really not sure what 出ていない日はほとんどあるまい。means.\n出ていない日 seems like it would be 'the day it's not coming out' or something along\nthose lines, but otherwise I'm stuck. I understand enough that the rest of the\nstory makes sense, but I can't hazard a guess of the precise meaning.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-21T19:05:40.277",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30599",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-21T19:27:50.357",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7927",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"negation",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Confused by apparent double-negative in literary context",
"view_count": 103
} | [
{
"body": "「新聞をひろげ(る)」 simply means \"open the newspaper\" (to look at it); then 「記事が出(る)」\nmeans for an article to \"appear\". This use of 出る is extremely common\ncolloquially, so for example \"to be on tv\" is 「テレビに出る」.\n\nSo the sentence simply means that \"Hardly a day went by that I would open the\nnewspaper and not find this sort of gossip story\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-21T19:27:50.357",
"id": "30602",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "30599",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 30599 | 30602 | 30602 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30601",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I cannot understand how to translate 'subject' to Japanese in lesson context?\nE.g. Russian, mathematics and etc. are all subjects.\n\nAnd I need to translate 'teacher', as in school teacher and university\nteacher.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-21T19:11:37.420",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30600",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-05T03:51:12.067",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-05T03:51:12.067",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "12299",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How to translate 'subject' (of lesson) and 'teacher'?",
"view_count": 213
} | [
{
"body": "Both [分野]{ぶんや} and [科目]{かもく} are viable ways to translate 'subject' or 'field'\nin an academic sense. As far as something doubling for teacher and university\n'teacher' (professor, in English), I'd recommend [教授]{きょうじゅ}.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-21T19:18:55.533",
"id": "30601",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-21T19:18:55.533",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7927",
"parent_id": "30600",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 30600 | 30601 | 30601 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30611",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The parents are comparing themselves to comedy characters:\n\n> Father:「 **なっ** 長さん」 \n> Narrator: 長さんと言われたお母さんはにがりきった顔になった。 \n> Father: ?? \n> Narrator: Mum, who had been called Chou, made a bitter face.\n\nI can only imagine that なっ is a contraction of あなたは but that seems to be a bit\nof a stretch. What is the correct interpretation, and when is it appropriate\nto use it?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-21T19:45:24.307",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30603",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-22T00:13:39.547",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"contractions"
],
"title": "なっ at the start of a sentence",
"view_count": 185
} | [
{
"body": "な is basically the same as ね in this context, and it basically just means\n\"hey,\" or something you use to get someone's attention. A っ at the end of a\nword just means the last sound is dragged out a bit.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-21T21:20:01.467",
"id": "30606",
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{
"body": "> 「なっ」＝「な」＝「なあ」\n\nAmong those, 「なあ」 would be the \"dictionary\" form.\n\nThis is an **_interjection_** that is often used to address a person or call\nsomeone's attention.\n\n**_One thing Japanese-learners should remember is that we only use this\ninterjection with people who we know well and who are equals or below us in\nage and/or social status_**.\n\nYou do not use it with your boss, a stranger, etc. under normal circumstances.\nYou would sound very rude if you did.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-22T00:13:39.547",
"id": "30611",
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"score": 3
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]
| 30603 | 30611 | 30611 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30605",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been listening to a couple 勉強用BGM soundtracks lately while I'm studying\nfor any number of things, and I keep seeing this θ波 notation at the end of the\ntitle. It finally got to bothering me enough to look up what it meant, and all\nI could pull up on the thing was that it's a type of brain wave. However, I\ndon't think I'm crazy when I say I still have no idea what that's supposed to\nmean exactly. Anyone have any ideas for this one? Cause I sure don't (www)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-21T20:05:17.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30604",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-21T20:18:04.380",
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"owner_user_id": "12154",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"symbols"
],
"title": "θ波はどういう意味ですか？~What does θ波 mean?",
"view_count": 173
} | [
{
"body": "θ is Theta, a character from the Greek alphabet that makes the 'th' sound as\nin 'thin.' It does also describe a type of brain wave . . . and as it happens,\n'wave' is the meaning of 波. Now as for what its relevance is, some background\nmusic claims to specifically stimulate theta wave production in the brain for\nenhancing this or that function. Whether or not you believe that's going on is\nup to you, but essentially these tracks are claiming to have that effect.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-21T20:11:23.820",
"id": "30605",
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"score": 4
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| 30604 | 30605 | 30605 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "This movie title:\n\n> 劇場版ポケットモンスター幻のポケモンルギア **爆誕**\n\nIs officially translated into English as:\n\n> Pocket Monster Revelation Lugia\n\nI'm really curious about the 爆誕 part of the title. If I break the kanji down,\nI think the meaning is something like 'explosive' and 'rebirth'. I've tried\nsearching for more info about this compound, but it doesn't seem to be used\noften. My question is, is understanding it as 'revelation' in English\naccurate?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-21T23:14:52.790",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"kanji"
],
"title": "Meaning of the word 爆誕",
"view_count": 676
} | [
{
"body": "It's not a real word, obviously.\n\nIt's probably an abbreviation of 爆発誕生, putting the words _explosion_ and\n_birth_ together. [Bulbapedia](http://bulbapedia.bulbagarden.net/wiki/M02)\ntakes this literally and translates it as _explosive birth_. However, I think\nthe 爆発 also could just be making the 誕生 part sound more epic;「幻のポケモンルギア **誕生**\n」does not sound as exciting of a movie title.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-21T23:52:04.647",
"id": "30609",
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{
"body": "It is a \"commercial slang\" newly coined from 「 **爆** 発的な **誕** 生」( **ばく**\nはつてきな **たん** じょう), which means \" **explosive birth** \".\n\nIt does not really mean \"revelation\", but there may be contexts where that\ntranslation might be valid.\n\nAs a Japanese-speaker, I could attest to the impactfulness of how 「[爆誕]{ばくたん}」\nboth looks and sounds.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"id": "30610",
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| 30608 | null | 30610 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30721",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am writing [a flashcards deck](https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/972722792) to\nmemorize [Minato-ku's list of 防災-related\nwords](https://www.city.minato.tokyo.jp/eiyakudb/category_04_01.html). \nExcerpt:\n\n```\n\n 一時集合場所 いっときしゅうごうばしょ Temporary meeting places\n 一時滞在施設 いちじたいざいしせつ Temporary stay facilities\n \n```\n\nAs you see, one says 一時 as いっとき and the other one as いちじ.\n\nThis is an official document, so I don't think it is a case of \" _use the one\nyou like it is exactly the same_ \". Other official documents mark the exact\nsame difference, for instance here is the yellow 東京防災 book sent to all\nfamilies in Tokyo:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UYMuS.png)\n\nSo, what is the nuance difference between いっとき and いちじ ? \nReal-life examples appreciated, references would be wonderful.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-22T06:34:47.893",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30614",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-04-22T19:12:01.077",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"words",
"nuances",
"readings",
"time"
],
"title": "Nuance between いっとき and いちじ as a pronunciation of 一時",
"view_count": 575
} | [
{
"body": "(Turning my own comment above into an answer. There will, however, be no\nreferences provided as OP requests. Everything I state here comes directly\nfrom my head as an average native Japanese-speaker.)\n\nFirst off, I would like to make it clear that this is **_not_** a question of\n**nuance**. This is a question of what I might call the \" ** _practical and\nintentional reading/pronunciation alterations_** \".\n\nNot too many native J-speakers would feel that the reading of 「一時」 in\n「[一時集合場所]{いっときしゅうごうばしょ}」 sounds natural. The far more natural reading of that\npart would indeed be 「いちじ」. So, why would some towns and districts employ the\n\"funny\" 「いっとき」 reading in their official publications?\n\nThat should be to artificially make a distinction between 「一 **時** 集合場所」\n(\"temporary meeting place\") and 「 **一次** 集合場所」 (primary meeting place) or more\nprecisely, 「[一次避難場所]{いちじひなんばしょ}」 (\"primary shelter\").\n\nBy intentionally reading 「一時」 and 「一次」 differently, one is supposedly less\nlikely to confuse the words above in times of emergency. Since the places\ndescribed by these terms concern people's safety and sometimes even lives, the\nlocal government would want to make sure that we understand the differences\namong the places.\n\nThese practical and intentional reading/pronunciation alterations are nothing\nnew to us.\n\nTake the words 「市立」 (\"municipal\") and 「私立」 (\"private\") for example, the\n\"dictionary\" reading is 「しりつ」 for **_both_**. When we talk about schools,\nhowever, \"municipal\" and \"private\" can make huge differences. To avoid the\nconfusion, we often alter our readings of those words. We would often read\n「市立」 as 「いちりつ」, and 「私立」 as 「わたくしりつ」.\n\nAnother \"famous\" pair is 「科学」 (science) and 「化学」 (chemistry). The official\nreading is 「かがく」 for both, but we quite often read 「化学」 as 「ばけがく」 so that the\nlisteners will know exactly which one you are talking about.\n\nAgain, **_nuance_** has nothing to do with it in the two pairs of words above,\neither.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-26T01:59:35.433",
"id": "30721",
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{
"body": "As a nuance, 一時（いちじ) means tentative or temporary, like:\n\n> * [一時的]{いちじてき}[措置]{そち} - tentative measure\n> * 一時[立替]{たてかえ} - temporary financing\n> * 一時的[避難]{ひなん} - temporary evacuation\n>\n\n一時（いっとき）means momentary or transient, like:\n\n> * [一時]{いっとき}の[憩]{いこ}い - a short break \n>\n> * [訊]{き}くは[一時]{いっとき}の恥、訊かぬは一生の恥 - It's a momentary shame for you to ask a\n> question, but it remains a life-long shame for you not to ask a question.\n>\n\nHowever, to force residents to read 一時集合場所 いっときしゅうごうばしょ is felt not only an\nabsurd bureaucratic triviality but also a farfetched abuse of the word to me.\nIt sounds really odd and ugly.\n\nIf you show the word indicating \"一時集合場所\" to your Japanese friends, I bet nine\nout of ten of them would read it \"いちじしゅうごうばしょ,\" and that's why Tokyo officials\nhad to awkwardly add 振り仮名.",
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"creation_date": "2016-04-24T01:38:15.940",
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| 30614 | 30721 | 30721 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30633",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Can the past tense of an i-adjective and the past tense of a verb be in the\nsame sentence? For example: \"I bought a book that was heavy.\"\n\n> 重かった本を買いました。\n\nDoes it sound unnatural?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-22T06:36:50.863",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30615",
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"owner_user_id": "1346",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"tense",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "Past tense of i-adjective + past tense of verb",
"view_count": 301
} | [
{
"body": "This sentence is unnatural. \"I bought a book that was heavy\" is translated as\n\"重い本を買いました\".\n\nSequence of tenses isn't necessary in Japanese. For example, \"I read an\ninteresting book yesterday\" is translated as \"私は昨日、面白い本を読みました\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-22T07:32:29.457",
"id": "30617",
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"body": "It's not prohibited, but it never ever means what past tense in English does.\nTense in Japanese subordinate clause is (basically) relative to main clause,\nso if you bought a book and the book was heavy, you just have to say\n重い本を買いました.\n\n重かった本を買いました suggests the book was heavy before you bought it. But there rarely\nare books that being sometimes heavy, sometimes light, like King Arthur's\nsword. A more likely setting is that you bought that book on the premise that\nit was heavy, for example:\n\n> You went into a bookstore. You took books in your hand. This book was light.\n> This one was light too. Oh, this one was heavy. Thus, you bought it.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 30615 | 30633 | 30633 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30687",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Being a foreigner often comes with having a name/surname that doesn't quite\nroll off the tongue in Japanese.\n\nSo for example if my name/surname is \"ABCDEFG\", I'd like to say (after\nintroductions) \"Addressing me by ABC is fine too.\"\n\nMy intent for this is not to introduce an increased sense of familiarity\n(although that might occur implicitly) but rather a convenience in\ncommunication.\n\nThus I'm looking for how one would express this in a perhaps more formal\nenvironment than everyday chatter. (But informal ways are welcome too.)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-22T12:23:04.473",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"culture",
"names",
"formality"
],
"title": "How to politely inform other people of acceptable alternative ways of addressing you?",
"view_count": 399
} | [
{
"body": "If you want to _only_ be called ABC, when introducing yourself, you can simply\nsay something like\n\n> 私はABCDEFGと申します。ABCと呼んでください → My name is ABCDEFG. (But) Please call me ABC.\n\nIf you want to tell them that either is acceptable\n\n> * ...。ABCと呼んでも{いい・全然大丈夫・オッケー}です。 or\n> * ...。ABCと呼んでもかまいません。\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-22T16:18:59.997",
"id": "30627",
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{
"body": "We could discuss levels of formality since in Japan calling one by their last\nname is par for the course, and there aren't that many last names that are\ndifficult to pronounce once any phonetic mysteries are cleared up. So any of\nthese might seem rather informal by definition.\n\nVery simply, you could say\n\n> ABCで結構です。(ABC is fine).\n\nAnother more colloquial way might be\n\n> ABCで[通]{とお}っています。(I go by ABC).\n\nIn the spirit of being formal (read: over explain things) just say something\nakin to\n\n> ABCDEFGでは長くなりますので、ABCで結構です。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-22T16:40:15.700",
"id": "30629",
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{
"body": "1) For business settings, or in private life when you meet an important person\nlike your GF's parents:\n\nAfter introducing yourself by saying:\n\n> 「(Position/Department name) + **の** + ABCDEFG + **と** + [申]{もう}します。」\n\nyou could add:\n\n> 「[長]{なが}い[名前]{なまえ}ですので、ABC とお[呼]{よ}びいただければ[結構]{けっこう}です。」 or\n>\n> 「長い名前ですので、ABC とお呼びいただくようお[願]{ねが}いいたします。」\n\nI might actually use 「 **長めの** 」 instead of 「長い」 to make it sound somewhat\nless stiff if I were you. (I am a Japanese-speaker in case you are wondering.)\n\n2) General, non-formal adult-to-adult self-introduction:\n\n> 「ABCDEFG と申しますが、長めなので、ABC と呼んでください。」 or\n>\n> 「ABCDEFG と[言]{い}いますが、長すぎるので、ABC と呼んでいただければ結構です。」 ← Used a bit of humor in\n> 「長すぎるので」. Should work as a nice ice-breaker.\n\n3) With much younger people than yourself:\n\n> 「ABCDEFG **って** 言うんだけど、長すぎるから、ABC **って** 呼んでね（or 呼んでくれればいいよ）。」\n>\n> 「ABCDEFG **って** 言うんだけど、長いから[縮]{ちぢ}めて ABC **って** 呼んでね。」\n\nor you could just use your first name if that is what you prefer to do.\nJapanese people do not mind addressing foreigners by their first names with\n「さん」.\n\n**_(DO NOT use the first- or second-person pronouns in any of the phrases\nabove if you want to sound natural.)_**",
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| 30620 | 30687 | 30687 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30679",
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"body": "The character, 體 (tai) which I think loosly means entity looks different than\nthe what I have noticed in other characters. In particular, the radical on the\nleft looks strange. I tried to find it on the internet, but I couldn't find\nanything about the etymology. Does anyone else know?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-22T13:57:30.233",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30622",
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"owner_user_id": "10377",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Origin of this character: 體",
"view_count": 393
} | [
{
"body": "體 is the old traditional-Chinese spelling (旧字体【きゅうじたい】) of modern simplified\nspelling (新字体【しんじたい】) 体.\n\nThe radical of the older form is 骨, \"bone\".\n\nMore information about the character is available on Wiktionary:\n\n[https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/體](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%AB%94)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-22T20:29:53.077",
"id": "30638",
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"body": "The character of 體 (today 体 in 当用漢字) meaning the body is composed of the\ncharacters of 骨 meaning human and creatures’ bones on the left side and 豊\nmeaning rich on the right side.\n\nAccording to「常用字解」compiled by the great scholar, Chinese character / language\netymologist, 白川静 and published by 平凡社, the letter of 骨 features the shape of\nthe bones above the sternum with the fresh meat attached to as its origin\n(p.211). The letter of 豊 features 豆 shaping a jar with high legs full of\nmillet, thus symbolizing abundance and fertility (p.585).\n\nIn ancient China, 體 meant the body of animal for an offer for sacrifice to the\nHeavenly God, and later came to mean human body (p.415).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-24T07:24:36.947",
"id": "30679",
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},
{
"body": "In Japanese,「豊」is a merger of two unrelated but graphically similar\ncharacters:「豊」and「豐」. Only「豐」means _abundance_ ;「豊」was the original character\nfor「禮」(Shinjitai:「礼」), meaning _courtesy/etiquette_.「豊」does **not** contribute\nmeaning towards「體」.\n\n「體」(Baxter-Sagart OC: /*r̥ˤijʔ/) is comprised of semantic「骨」and\nphonetic「豊」(Baxter-Sagart OC: /*[r]ˤijʔ/).\n\nIn Ancient Chinese,「體」meant _limbs_. Quote from\n[_Analects_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analects):\n\n> 四體不{{ko:勤}}，五{{ko:穀}}不分。\n>\n> _If the four limbs aren't diligent, the five grains won't be ready for\n> harvest._",
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"creation_date": "2018-08-20T13:23:06.883",
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| 30622 | 30679 | 30679 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30827",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Why should we say 応えられなく_ **なって** _きて and not 応えられなくて_きて? I have been told\nthat 応えられなくてきて is not correct by a japanese friend of mine but the\nexplications were... light.\n\nThank you",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-22T14:00:23.423",
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"grammar"
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"title": "Why should we say 応えられなくなってきて and not 応えられなくてきて?",
"view_count": 259
} | [
{
"body": "Because なってくる is one phrase.\n\n応えない(I don't repay), 応えられない(I can't repay), 応えられなくなる, 応えられなくなってくる.\n\n応えなくて、応えられなくて、応えられなくなって、応えられなくなってきて.\n\nI don't know the translation of last two phrase in English.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-22T14:21:57.867",
"id": "30625",
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"body": "応えられなくてきて means \"I came here because I couldn't reply, and...\". 応えられなくなってきて\nmeans \"I have (gradually) become unable to reply, and...\".\n\nSince 応えられない is an adjective (a verb conjugated to an adjective), which stands\nfor a static state unlike verbs, which can stand for changes, combination with\n…てくる can't express gradual changes or accumulation.",
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"creation_date": "2016-01-29T15:49:48.287",
"id": "30811",
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"body": "I'm not sure exactly where your doubt lies, but:\n\n 1. 応えられなくてきて \n_(I) come without being able to live up to it, so..._\n\n 2. 応えられないできて \n_(I) have never been able to live up to it so far, so..._\n\n 3. 応えられなくなってきて \n_(I) become less and less able to live up to it, so..._\n\nAmong them I think only #3 is suitable for your sentence.\n\n> 彼女の気持ちに **応えられなくなってきて** 、別れたほうがいいと思いました。",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-30T08:37:11.787",
"id": "30827",
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| 30623 | 30827 | 30625 |
{
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"body": "what does toko mean in this sentence?\n\n * tokyo ni ikitai\n * tokyo wa ii toko da yo",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-22T16:14:11.357",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "what does \"toko\" in \"ii toko desu\" mean",
"view_count": 4229
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{
"body": "In some contexts, such as your sample above, _toko_ is an abbreviation of\n_tokoro_ , \"place\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-22T20:21:55.187",
"id": "30637",
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| 30626 | null | 30637 |
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"body": "I'm trying to translate a song and I came across the following part:\n\n> 消えてしまいそうな僕は\n\n消える means \"to disappear\" so 消えてしまい could mean \"to disappear accidentally\" or,\nmore likely given the context, \"to disappear completely\". Right?\n\nTherefore 消えてしまいそう has the sense of \"likely to disappear completely\". My doubt\nis: Attaching な to this verb conjugation transforms it into a な-adjective?\nSimple like that? Thank you very much.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-22T17:54:19.137",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"na-adjectives"
],
"title": "Turning a verb phrase into an adjective",
"view_count": 8215
} | [
{
"body": "> 消える means \"to disappear\" so 消えてしまい could mean \"to disappear accidentally\"\n> or, more likely given the context, \"to disappear completely\". Right?\n\nYou are correct in your assumption that \"しまう\" could either add the meaning\n\"completely\" or \"accidentally\", although the \"accidentally\" appears more\nevident when it is in past-tense. Also, [as pointed out in\ncomments](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/30630/turning-a-verb-\nphrase-into-an-adjective/30677#comment63163_30630), this could include a\nnuance of undesirability (perhaps redundant in the case of it meaning\n\"accidentally\"). As for the exact translation given the context, you would\nhave to give the context to make any further judgement.\n\n> Attaching な to this verb conjugation transforms it into a な-adjective?\n> Simple like that?\n\n\"そう\" is [the\nstem](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%9D%E3%81%86-89097#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88)\nof the auxiliary verb \"そうだ\". \"な\" can be appended to it, where it would then be\nused as a な-adjective. Other variants include: \"そうだろ\", \"そうで\", \"そうに\" and\n\"そうなら\". It carries the meaning of the inception of an action, or the change\nfrom one state to another (e.g. disappearing).\n\nFrom\n[コトバンク](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%9D%E3%81%86%E3%81%A0-552810#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88):\n\n> 動作・作用の開始や状態の変化についての判断を表す。",
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"creation_date": "2016-01-24T06:41:34.037",
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"body": "「[消]{き}えてしまいそうな」 is a phrase consisting of a few words. Even though one may\nsay that it \" ** _functions adjectivally_** \", it is utterly incorrect to call\nit an adjective because it is **_not_** one word.\n\nThat phrase functions adjectivally because of the 「そう **な** 」 part. Only nouns\ncan follow 「そうな」 as in:\n\n「おいしそうなピザ」 (lit. the pizza that looks yummy)、「[速]{はや}く[走]{はし}れそうな[車]{くるま}」\n(lit. the car that seems capable of running fast), etc.\n\nIf you saw a phrase 「～～そう **に** 」, by the way, it would function adverbially\nbecause of the 「に」. Again, one would not call that phrase an adverb just\nbecause it functions adverbially (and modifies a verb or adjective).\n\n「消えてしまい **そうな** [僕]{ぼく}」 would literally mean \"me who looks to be\ndisappearing\", \"me who is about to disappear (completely)\". Depending on the\ncontext, however, it might mean something slightly different.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"id": "30686",
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| 30630 | null | 30686 |
{
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"body": "> 誰の言葉を信じ歩けばいいの？\n\n信じ comes from 信じる which means \"to believe\" and 歩 comes from 歩く, \"to walk\".\nFinally, 歩けば is a conditional meaning \"if walk\" so how is all this put\ntogether? What does 信じ歩けば means? What about いいの?\n\nThank you very much.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-22T18:13:23.747",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30632",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-23T00:38:38.467",
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"owner_user_id": "12253",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "Translation question: 信じ歩けば?",
"view_count": 342
} | [
{
"body": "_**In meaning**_ ,\n\n> 「[信]{しん}じ[歩]{ある}く」＝\n>\n> 「信じ、歩く」＝\n>\n> 「信じて歩く」\n>\n> ≒ 「信じて、（そして）[生]{い}きていく」\n\nIn other words, 「歩く」 does not necessarily mean \"to walk\" here. It is used\nmetaphorically to mean \" _ **to live one's life (from here on)**_ \".\n\n> 「いいの」＝「いいのですか」＝「いいのでしょうか」\n\nIt is in a question form and in this case, the speaker is asking _**himself**_\na question.\n\n> 「Verb + ば + いい」 = \"One should ~~\", or more literally, \"it would be good if\n> one ~~ed\".\n\nTo put it altogether:\n\n> _**\" Whose words should I trust to go on living (my life)?\"**_\n>\n> _**\" Whose advice should I follow to go from here?\"**_\n\netc.\n\nYou would know the best because you are the one who has the context. Pas moi!",
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| 30632 | null | 30643 |
{
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"body": "薬指 (\"medicine finger\", ring finger) is interestingly similar to the Latin term\nfor ring finger, \"digitus medicinalis\". Are they etymologically related?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-22T20:18:02.067",
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"score": 5,
"tags": [
"etymology"
],
"title": "Is 薬指 related to the Latin term \"digitus medicinalis\"?",
"view_count": 427
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{
"body": "Almost certainly not. The likely reason has to do with Buddhist statuary: a\nparticular buddha called Yakushi has his fourth finger bent in many poses.\n\nMore about the finger on the Japanese Wikipedia:\n\n[https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/薬指](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%96%AC%E6%8C%87)\n\nMore about this particular Buddha on the English Wikipedia:\n\n<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhaisajyaguru>",
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"creation_date": "2016-01-22T20:41:05.383",
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"body": "This is an excerpt from a song I'm trying to translate:\n\n> 自分とは何でどこへ向かうべきか\n\n自分 - oneself,\n\n何でどこ - why, where,\n\n向かう - head (verb),\n\nべき - suffix meaning \"should\"\n\nMy doubts are what とは means and what is the role of か in the sentence? I can't\ngive the whole sentence a general meaning. Can you help me, please?\n\nThank you very much",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-22T22:00:22.793",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"particles"
],
"title": "Translation doubt: 自分とは何でどこへ向かうべきか",
"view_count": 153
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{
"body": "Unfortunately, 「[何]{なん}で」 _**does not**_ mean \"why\" here. Thinking that it\ndoes would make one go crazy over this line.\n\n> 「[自分]{じぶん}とは[何]{なん}でどこへ[向]{む}かうべきか」＝\n>\n> 「自分とは何で、どこへ向かうべきか」＝\n>\n> 「自分とは何であり、（そして）どこへ向かうべきか」 （あり＝あって）\n\n「何」 means \"what\". \"Who\" might fit better in the context, though.\n\n「とは」 is an emphatic topic marker. 「か」 is a question marker. Why am even I\nexplaining these when they should be in the dictionary?\n\n> \"Who/What am I and where should I be headed?\"",
"comment_count": 1,
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| 30640 | null | 30645 |
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"body": "I'm translating a song and came across the following sentence:\n\n> 明日の岸辺へと夢の舟よ進め\n\nIf it was 明日の岸辺へと夢の舟よ進む it would mean \"move on the dream boat to the shores of\ntomorrow\". What changes with this conjugation?\n\nThank you very much.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-22T23:31:36.787",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"conjugations",
"imperatives"
],
"title": "Which conjugation is this 進む → 進め",
"view_count": 148
} | [
{
"body": "This is the [命令形]{めい・れい・けい} - imperative form. It translates more like\n\n> O dream boat, go/move on to the shore of tomorrow\n\nWhich is almost what you have. The difference is that the singer is addressing\nthe boat (夢の船 **よ** ), not saying \"go on\" the boat.",
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"body": "As a background, consider this question: “[is this sentence correct\n会議は三時からでいらっしゃいます.?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/30456)”\n\nMy initial thought was like this:\n\n> A sonkeigo (尊敬語) verb is used to show the speaker’s respect toward the\n> subject of the verb. Therefore, 会議は三時からでいらっしゃいます would show the respect\n> toward the meeting, which is nonsensical because the meeting is not a living\n> thing.\n\nBut then I started to wonder if a sonkeigo verb can ever be used with an\ninanimate subject. [敬語の指針 (2007)](http://keigo.bunka.go.jp/guide.pdf) does not\nseem to mention cases like this. After some trial and error, I came up with a\nsentence 先生のご活躍は多岐にわたっていらっしゃいます. This sentence sounds maybe OK to me, but I am\nnot sure and I would probably say 先生は多岐にわたって活躍されています instead.\n\nTo summarize, my questions are:\n\n 1. Is 先生のご活躍は多岐にわたっていらっしゃいます correct?\n 2. If not, can a sonkeigo verb be ever used with an inanimate subject?\n\n# 和訳\n\n話の流れとして、「[is this sentence correct\n会議は三時からでいらっしゃいます.?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/30456)」の質問のことを考えます。\n\n私は当初こういうふうに考えていました。\n\n>\n> 動詞の尊敬語はその動詞の主語に対する話者の敬意を示す。したがって、「会議は三時からでいらっしゃいます」というのは会議に敬意を示すことになり、会議は生き物ではないので意味が通じない。\n\nしかし後になって、無生物にも尊敬語が使える例はないだろうかと思い、[敬語の指針\n(2007)](http://keigo.bunka.go.jp/guide.pdf)\nを見たところ、このような用例には言及していないようでした。考えぬいたあげく、「先生のご活躍は多岐にわたっていらっしゃいます」という文を思いつきました。これなら個人的にはまあそんなに間違ってはいないかなという気もしますが、自分だったら「先生は多岐にわたって活躍されています」と言うと思います。\n\n以上を踏まえて質問です。\n\n 1. 「先生のご活躍は多岐にわたっていらっしゃいます」は正しい文ですか？\n 2. 正しくないとしたら、動詞の尊敬語は無生物主語に対しても使えますか？",
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"tags": [
"honorifics"
],
"title": "Can a sonkeigo verb be used with an inanimate subject? / 尊敬語は無生物主語に対して使えますか？",
"view_count": 445
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{
"body": "I think sentence 1 and 先生は多岐にわたって活躍されています are correct.\n\nIn addition, I think, as you said, sonkeigo(尊敬語) and kenjyougo(謙譲語) aren't\nbasically used with inanimate subject but used with actions and teineigo(丁寧語)\nis used with them like \"です、ます\".",
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"body": "先生のご活躍は多岐に渡っていらっしゃる sounds correct to me.\n\nIf a word can be the subject of an honorific verb depends on if the word has\nsense of animacy. 先生の活躍 is something that can influence people. That's why it\ncan be the subject, I believe. On the other hand, 会議 is not the case unless it\nstands for a kind of personification of some organization.\n\nEdit: I'm wondering that the reason why 会議は三時からでいらっしゃいます sounds odd is that\nthe verb is a form of いる, and how 会議は３時からで あらせられます would sound.",
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"body": "「先生のご活躍は多岐にわたっていらっしゃいます」 seems OK. Consider these other examples:\n\n * 「先生のご出身は東京でいらっしゃいます」\n * 「先生のご指摘はごもっともでいらっしゃいます」\n * 「社長の方針は内製化でいらっしゃいます」\n * 「先生の演説は素敵でいらっしゃいました」\n\nWhile these are odd:\n\n * 「先生の車はベンツでいらっしゃいます」\n * 「先生のネクタイは素敵でいらっしゃいます」\n\nAssuming my judgments are correct, I think the important part is how\nrepresentative the noun is of the honorable person. Someone's origin, opinion,\nplan, or speech is representative of them as a person, while someone's car or\nnecktie is not.\n\nAlso, there is this sentence:\n\n * 「先生の演説は三時からでいらっしゃいます」\n\nI think this one is pretty unclear. While on one hand it's referring to the\nhonorable person's speech (like before), the speech hasn't actually happened\nyet, so it's more referring to _an event_ than the speech contents, so I think\nいらっしゃいます can possibly seem weird here.",
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"body": "In principle, it’s illogical to use honorific verbs for inanimate objects in\nJapanese as it is so in English.\n\nI’ll be stunned if I hear some examples given by other\nuser:「先生のご指摘はごもっともでいらっしゃいます」「社長の方針は内製化でいらっしゃいます」「先生の演説は素敵でいらっしゃいました」. They're\nterrible. They're not Japanese at all, at least not proper Japanese.\n\n先生 can be “お元気でいらっしゃる” and \"ご多忙でいらっしゃる\", but “ご活躍 - activity” can not be\n“多岐に渡っていらっしゃる” even if it’s preceded by “先生の.” So,“先生は多岐に渡ってご活躍されています” would\nbe a logical and proper way of saying.\n\nBut this rule – Impropriety of using 敬語 for inanimate object including\nabstract nouns such as activity, study, knowledge and objects like desk, pen,\nTV set, car, and animals such as dog, elephant and monkey is often overlooked\nand violated in today’s conversation.\n\n先生のご活躍は多岐に渡っていらっしゃる sounds awkward and odd to me, though some of you might\noverlook its illogicality and take it for granted. If I should pick up better\none from two evils, I would pick up ”先生のご活躍は多岐に渡っておられる” rather than\n”先生のご活躍は多岐に渡っていらっしゃる.”",
"comment_count": 8,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-08T22:44:41.900",
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| 30646 | null | 30779 |
{
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"body": "I found this out of context. Looked everywhere and no answer to be found.\n[alc.co.jp](http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E5%8A%A3%E5%8B%A2) offers a bunch\nof different meanings and is of not much help. Please help!",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-23T02:10:31.513",
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"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does \"劣勢を受け止める\" mean?",
"view_count": 123
} | [
{
"body": "[受け止める]{うけとめる} can mean to catch or stop a blow, but it can also mean to\naccept or come to grips with something. Given that [劣勢]{れっせい} means something\nalong the lines of inferiority or an unfavorable/disadvantaged situation, then\nwithout further context the best guess I can field is that it means \"to accept\nan unfavorable situation.\"",
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"creation_date": "2016-01-23T03:53:19.660",
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| 30648 | null | 30649 |
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"body": "I guess the title says it all. Which conjugation is this:\n\n> 生きる -> 生きていこう\n\n?\n\nThank you very much.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-23T04:32:35.967",
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"tags": [
"conjugations"
],
"title": "Which conjugation is this 生きていこう?",
"view_count": 1076
} | [
{
"body": "生きる + いく so（生きる -> 生きて）+ （いく -> いこう）",
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"creation_date": "2016-01-23T04:52:19.920",
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"body": "生きていこう = 生き(the 連用形/continuative form of the verb 生きる) + て(a 接続助詞/conjunctive\nparticle) + いこ(the 未然形/imperfective form of the subsidiary verb いく) + う(a\nverbal auxiliary which means \"will\"). This is a grammar which native Japanese\nlearn.\n\n生きていこう = 生きて(the te-form of 生きる) + 行こう(the volitional form of the subsidiary\nverb いく) as chocolate-san says. This is a grammar for Japanese learners who\nlearn Japanese as a second language.\n\n> 生きていこう \"Let's/I'll keep on living / go on living\"\n\nThere seem to be different ways to analyze it.",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-23T05:14:02.360",
"id": "30655",
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"body": "生きていこう is 1. [ Let us / Let's ... ] form, or 2. [ I will / shall ] form.\n\n> <http://www.geocities.jp/swadii228/bunkei/ikoukei.html>\n>\n> 意向(いこう)形\n>\n> 1. [ Let us ... ] -- ① 積極的(せっきょくてき)に相手を誘(さそ)う。 「～ましょう」の普通体\n>\n> 2. [ I will / shall ] -- ② これから自分が何かします、という気持ち。 自分の意志(いし)。\n> （ひとりで話すとき、心の中で言うとき）\n\n* * *\n\nTense or Aspect\n\n生きていこう -- It'd be possible to dream up a contrived situation in which 生きていこう\nmeans ( 生きて ) + ( 行こう ) === meaning : Let's live (some more) and go to that\nplace (again).\n\nBut 99% of the time, 生きていこう doesn't mean that.\n\n99% of the time, it contains expression of the aspect ［direction of time］\n(＋intention).\n\nNow, i'm not sure this should be called （inchoative、起動相 動詞） -- Mr. Niwa does\nnot use the term 起動相\n\n> <http://www.geocities.jp/niwasaburoo/24asupekuto.html> \n> 24.8 Ｖ－ていく・てくる ［時間的な方向を示す場合］\n>\n> 変わっていく、 増えていく、 太ってくる、 暗くなってくる \n> 時代はどんどん変わっていきます。 \n> この町もこれから発展していくでしょう。\n\n＞ 新年 おめでとう御座います。 今年も張り切っていきましょう ！ \n＞ この会を盛り上げていこう。 今年も頑張って参ります ！！\n\n以上のような例では、 空間的に「行く」のではなく、 100％［時間的な方向を示す］としか考えられません。\n\nまた、「調べていく」ですが、 「明日の訪問前に調べて参ります」 なら、 「調べて」から「行く」 ですね。\n\nネット上の検索では、［時間＋意思］の例 が多いように思えます。\n\n * 貴社について調べていくうちに貴社で働きたいという気持ちが日に日に増していき、\n * とりあえず好きなモノから調べていくと良いというお話 - RIZE\n * 調べていけば調べていくうちに、あれもこの人だったのか ... - Naverまとめ\n * いろいろ調べていくうちに、誰もが思う。「本当に稼げるのだろうか」\n\nIn these 4 usage examples of 「調べていく」, what is expressed is the aspect of\n［direction of time］ (＋intention).\n\nProbably ..., in 「調べていく」, the intention is in the verb 「調べる」 only, and\n「...ていく」 contains the aspect of ［direction of time］ only.",
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"creation_date": "2016-09-22T23:37:18.333",
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| 30650 | null | 30653 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is it: 文章を治てください？\n\nThere are many words for \"correct' including 改める, 正す, 訂する, but it's not clear\nwhen to use those words or which is \"correct\" in this context.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-23T04:39:15.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30651",
"last_activity_date": "2021-09-17T17:40:49.477",
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"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "11098",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How to say \"Please correct my sentences\"?",
"view_count": 11662
} | [
{
"body": "文章を[直]{なお}してください is fine. You can also say 書いた文を[訂正]{ていせい}してください because 訂正\ngets used a lot and implies that you gotta correct something. You don't use\n[正]{ただ}す, [訂]{てい}する in daily speech and [改]{あらた}める is used for intangible\nthings like behavior or speech.\n\nPS for the Korean version look at the very bottom of this page.\n\n## CLARIFICATION\n\n 1. [訂正]{ていせい} means _fix an error_ and implies that you know there is some error. When a worker creates a piece of work (designs a poster, writes a manual, makes an excel spreadsheet) and you find an error, you can tell them to「訂正してください」 which is the same as 「直してください」\n\n 2. [添削]{てんさく}, recommended in the comments, means to _go over someone's **writing** and correct it if necessary_, and may apply to your case. You can use it for written papers and exams, but not for math tests (where the error would be a math error as opposed to spelling or grammar)\n\nIf you are not sure which to go for, I suggest saying something more general\nlike\n\n> 間違いがあるかどうかチェックしてもらえますか？",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-23T04:48:36.150",
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| 30651 | null | 30652 |
{
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"body": "Is が here a 格助 or 接助 element?\n\n> 私の脈搏は普通1分間にやっと60なの **が** 、80から85に増進していた。 \n> My pulse, whose ordinary action is scarcely 60 beats to the minute, was\n> accelerated to 80 or 85.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-23T09:54:09.680",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12320",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Is が here a 格助 or 接助 element?",
"view_count": 130
} | [
{
"body": "I first think it is 接続助詞 because 格助詞 \"が\" is set the behind of a subject and I\nthink 「普通1分間にやっと60なの」 isn't a subject. However after discussion, I knew a\ndifference opinion. And I ask this question for some person, so their opinions\nare also be split into two.\n\nIn the result, my answer is that which one is possible depending on the\nstandpoint.",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-23T12:43:43.833",
"id": "30660",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-23T18:20:29.100",
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{
"body": "> 「私の[脈搏]{みゃくはく}は[普通1分間]{ふつういっぷんかん}にやっと60 **なのが** 、80から85に[増進]{ぞうしん}していた。」\n\n「なのが」 is **_three_** words here.\n\n「な」: The [連体形]{れんたいけい} (attributive form) of the affirmation auxiliary verb\n「だ」\n\n「の」: [準体助詞]{じゅんたいじょし} (nominalization particle) = nominalizes the whole\npreceding phrase\n\n「が」:「[格助詞]{かくじょし}」(case particle) = subject marker (← **_Answer to your\nquestion_** )\n\nThe subject of this sentence is the fact that \" ** _my heart rate is usually\naround 60 at the most_** \".\n\nThen you insert the subject marker 「 **が** 」, and then comes the predicate.\n\nThe predicate is \" ** _had shot up to the 80-85 range_** \".",
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| 30658 | 30662 | 30662 |
{
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"body": "I noticed なさる and される are both used as 尊敬語. What are some of their\ndifferences? How do I know when to use each one?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-23T12:32:37.070",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"honorifics",
"keigo"
],
"title": "What are the differences between なさる and される?",
"view_count": 883
} | [
{
"body": "なさる is 尊敬語 of する される is a conjugated form of する. I don't know the name of the\nform, just its meaning - to have something done to you.\n\nEven some (maybe many) japanese use 尊敬語 incorrectly (unknowingly of course).\nThis might be why there haven't been any replies until I came across this.\n\nどう **なさった** んですか？ (what's wrong?)\n\nYou'll never see\n\nどう **された** んですか？",
"comment_count": 11,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-25T19:59:53.073",
"id": "30716",
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{
"body": "Here is an answer that is satisfying to me. I don't need to search further for\nanswers after reading this I think.\n\n<http://kazahanamirai.com/sareru-nasaru.html>\n\nIn short, なさる holds more respect for the other party than される.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-25T22:55:16.097",
"id": "30719",
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"body": "There is a lot of subtlety involved, and getting it right is something that\nwill require a lot of practice, but as a general rule of thumb, される is\nprobably the way to go, outside of set phrases.\n\nなさる runs the risk of coming across as needlessly deferential, which can be as\nbad as not being deferential enough.\n\nIn set phrases such as おやすみなさい, なさる is of course perfectly acceptable,\nirrespective of interpersonal relationships between the referent and the\nreferrer; which is probably why they have become set phrases.\n\nThere are, however, three neat tricks to it:\n\n * As a learner, you won't be judged as harshly on slips. In fact, if they are noticed at all they are likely to be ignored and chalked up to ignorance, and rapidly forgotten.\n\n * More often than not, you'll have people around you with experience in the matter. Listen well, not only to what the person you are talking to is saying, but to what those around you are saying. Experienced speakers will give you the answer for most any situation, if you care to listen.\n\n * When alone with someone where their use is appropriate, observe closely. If される seems to put them at unease, try to understand why and either move up to なさる or down to する. What another thinks of themselves and your relationship is not necessarily obvious, so knowing how to watch and match expectations is often more useful than a rote study of when to use what.\n\n**Edit:**\n\nI don't think I mentioned it explicitly, but it bears mentioning: なさる is more\ndeferential than される, and this is their primary difference.",
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| 30659 | 30743 | 30743 |
{
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"body": "About nine years ago I had a Japanese teacher from Osaka, and I'm pretty sure\nshe pronounced 教室【きょうしつ】 as \"kyoshtsu\", i.e. dropping the \"i\" in しつ. The\nreason I remember is that I had trouble learning to say it. But my current\nteacher, from Niigata, distinctly says the \"i\". Is this a regional difference,\nsomething that varies from person to person, or am I just not remembering it\nproperly?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-23T12:53:39.547",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Pronunciation of ~しつ",
"view_count": 363
} | [
{
"body": "As pointed out above, the issue here lies in devoicing. In Japanese, high\nvowels (i and u) undergo devoicing when they are surrounded by other unvoiced\nsounds. This is extremely common, but it does vary somewhat by region, and to\na lesser extent, by person. In standard Japanese, though, it's most common to\ndevoice them.",
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"creation_date": "2016-01-23T22:09:30.223",
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| 30661 | 30666 | 30666 |
{
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"body": "I was watching an anime called Ganbare Goemon and there was this sign that I\nfound a bit strange:\n\n\n\nHow exactly are you supposed to understand it? I mean, north and south are in\nopposite directions so isn't it contradictory? Or does it mean that it covers\nall areas from north to south? Or is it perhaps just a name that doesn't\nreally have any special meaning?\n\nOh, and I want to mention that English is my second language (I'm from Russia)\nso maybe there is some sort of language barrier that makes it sound weird for\nme.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-23T14:46:19.230",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30663",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-01T11:14:26.480",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-23T17:37:27.883",
"last_editor_user_id": "9212",
"owner_user_id": "12271",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words",
"anime"
],
"title": "南北銀行 (North-South Bank) meaning",
"view_count": 524
} | [
{
"body": "The fancy name for this kind of word is Dvandva (from Sanskrit): there is a\nWikipedia article on this, but I do not think it is very good. Basically this\nis a compound made (in Chinese or Japanese, where there is no grammatical case\nor anything like that) by putting together two opposing or contrasting words,\nneither or them being the head of the construction. So it is not that the\nfirst qualifies the second or vice versa -- the meaning is the contrast\nbetween the two. Very often, in English there is a completely different term\nfor this.\n\nA couple of examples:\n\n * [上下]{じょうげ} lit. \"up-down\", means \"vertical\"\n * [左右]{さゆう}[対称]{たいしょう} lit. \"left-right symmetry\" means \"lateral symmetry\"\n\nNow [東西]{とうざい} (\"east-west\") is commonly used to refer to \"East and West\", and\nthe associated culture contrast; [南北]{なんぼく} can similarly refer to North and\nSouth hemispheres, though the commonest reference I think is\n[南北]{なんぼく}[戦争]{せんそう}, the American Civil War between the \"North\" and the\n\"South\".\n\nSo there is nothing mysterious about the name, and it does not sound the\ntiniest bit unnatural (disclaimer: I am not a native speaker). You will meet\nthousands more words and names like this...\n\nIf you go to Japanese wikipedia -- here's the article on the American Civil\nWar <https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%88%A6%E4%BA%89> --\nthen copy just the first two characters 南北 into the \"Search\" box, you can see\nall the suggested entries beginning with 南北.",
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"body": "**_It means nothing, trust me._**\n\nIn manga/anime, authors customarily create weird, non-sense or parodic proper\nnouns for companies, schools, newspapers, etc. They do so because they are\nlegally not allowed to use real existing proper nouns.\n\nThere often are, however, \"funny\" similarities between some of those fictional\nproper nouns and the real proper nouns that they are named after.\n\n**_Among the most famous and often used are:_**\n\n> 「 **毎朝** 新聞」← The most famous Japanese newspaper that does **_not_** exist!\n\nI have been seeing this imaginary newspaper name in manga, dramas, etc. all of\nmy life. It is so obviously taken from both 「 **毎日** 新聞」 and 「 **朝日** 新聞」,\nboth of which are existing major newspapers.\n\n> 「[帝都大学]{ていとだいがく}」、「帝都[銀行]{ぎんこう}」, etc.\n\nYou will see those often as well. Upon seeing/hearing the 「[帝都]{ていと}」 part,\nmost Japanese-speakers will think of 「[東京]{とうきょう}」.\n\n> 「 **ワ** クドナルド」 with 「ワ」instead of 「マ」.\n\nThe imaginary hamburger chain.\n\n\n\nLikewise, 「[南北銀行]{なんぼくぎんこう}」 is just an imaginary bank. It would be pretty\nuseless analyzing the 「南北」 part. It just means \"south and north\" and , even\nthough this bank does not exist, it looks \"normal\" for a business name and\nthat is all that matters. Looking \"kind of normal\" is the key here. Unless it\nis important to the story, you do not spend much time thinking of a unique and\ngreat-sounding proper name. It simply will not serve its purpose.",
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| 30663 | 30678 | 30678 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30667",
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"body": "From conversation in an anime （へうげもの、第15話）：\n\n> （古田佐助） 遠く南蛮に至るまで小さきが良いなどと聞いたこともございませぬ。\n>\n> （[千宗易](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E5%88%A9%E4%BC%91)） 茶頭である\n> **以前**\n> に、しがない魚問屋にすぎぬ私ですらわかるのです。いずれ皆にも伝わることでしょう。([字幕](http://textuploader.com/5zvn2))\n\nIs it 以前 ② or ③ from [here](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E4%BB%A5%E5%89%8D)?\nI'm confused because ③ seems to go with context (though ② may fit as well?)\nbut I've not seen it used without a past-tense 助動詞.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Usage of 以前 here",
"view_count": 682
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{
"body": "This usage of 「[以前]{いぜん}」 is actually quite common. We say things like:\n\n> 「ファッションモデルである **以前** にひとりの[人間]{にんげん}です。このような[扱]{あつか}いは[許]{ゆる}せません。」\n>\n> \"I am a human being before I am a fashion model. I refuse to be treated like\n> this.\"\n\nHere, 「以前」 is being used to describe _**priorities**_ in a given situation\nrather than a temporal order of things. Even though the focus is on the\npriorities, it is also true that the speaker has been a human longer than she\nhas been a model.\n\nThus, I would have to pick ② if I _**had to**_ choose among the three.",
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| 30664 | 30667 | 30667 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30669",
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"body": "I am trying to read this unidentified Kanji\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/lFApm.png)\n\nIt is some kind of house part, found on this map, as marked:\n<https://i.stack.imgur.com/6YlHL.png>\n\nIt's from an older book from Nagano-ken, so it is possibly an older / now\nunused Kanji.\n\nPlease, if anyone can help me identify it, it is the last piece of the puzzle\nI am missing. Maybe it's a very simple Kanji, I don't know, right now I am at\nmy wit's end.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-24T00:12:14.153",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"dialects"
],
"title": "Trying to decipher a Kanji on a bad image source",
"view_count": 152
} | [
{
"body": "Looks like 「[竈]{かまど}」 to me. It means a \"cooking stove\" -- the kind where you\nburn wood.\n\nAnother reading is 「へっつい」 for the same meaning, but 「かまど」 is far more common.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-24T00:19:25.970",
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| 30668 | 30669 | 30669 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30675",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Same as with my question about a Kanji I tried to identify on a bad image\nsource, I have a katakana word I need to understand / translate.\n\nThe word reads トッツケ, as marked in this image: [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/gaZ75.jpg)\n\nI tried to find out what it means, and I am thinking it might be some kind of\n'foreroom' a room you go through before entering the actual house? I might be\ntotally wrong though, so I would be very happy about any input.\n\nagain, thank you very much in advance!!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-24T00:48:07.857",
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"owner_user_id": "11512",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"katakana",
"dialects"
],
"title": "Meaning of トッツケ on a house plan",
"view_count": 323
} | [
{
"body": "取っ付 **き** (or 取り付き) means \"starter\", \"first (step/impression)\", \"clue\" etc.\n\n大辞林 defines [取っ付き](http://www.excite.co.jp/world/j_dictionary/ITEM-\nDJR_toxtutuki_-010/) like this:\n\n> とっつき【取っ付き】 \n> ①物事のやり始め。初手。 「－から失敗する」 \n> ②初めて会った時に受ける感じ。第一印象。 「－の悪い男だ」 \n> ③ **ある建物・場所などに入る時，一番初めに通る所。** 一番手前。入り口。 **「－の部屋」**\n> 「正門を這入ると，－の大通りの左右に植ゑてある銀杏の並木が眼に付いた／三四郎 漱石」\n\n(FWIW, the third definition seems to be common in middle Japan, but I\npersonally did not know this.)\n\nSo at least トッツキの部屋 means \"the first/front room\", \"entrance\", etc.\n\nI could find no exact example of 取っ付 **け** の部屋. But I think 取っ付け should mean\nthe same thing, because 付く and 付ける are semantically the same except that the\nlatter is transitive.",
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| 30670 | 30675 | 30675 |
{
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"body": "I understand that ため means \"in order to\" or \"goal\".\n\nI don't understand how it works in this sentence though. Could someone please\nexplain.\n\n> バスの事故が続いている **ため** 出発前に警察などが調べ\n\nThis is how I interpret it:\n\n> The bus accident | in order to continue being | before the departure |\n> Police etc investigate",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-24T02:06:15.793",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 「ため」 in the following sentence?",
"view_count": 237
} | [
{
"body": "「ため」 has **_many_** meanings. In this context, it means \"because (of)\", \"owing\nto\", etc.\n\n> \"Because bus accidents continue to take place, the police and ~~~~ before\n> departures.\"\n\n**_Because_** you cut off the sentence in the middle, I could not translate it\nfully.\n\n「文が途中で切れている **ため** 、完全には訳せません。」",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-24T02:17:06.187",
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| 30671 | null | 30672 |
{
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"body": "Last time I wanted to say \"Disturbing someone is bad\", so I directly wrote:\n\n> 誰かを邪魔するの悪いよ\n\nBut I just came across another way of saying it :\n\n> 誰かを邪魔しては悪いよ\n\nIt bothers me a lot not to know the nuance between those two, because it's not\nthe first time I think about it, so what would the difference between the\nnominalizer の（は） and しては is?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-24T02:58:49.937",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"conditionals",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "Difference between しては and nominalizer のは",
"view_count": 301
} | [
{
"body": "> 誰かを邪魔するのは悪い \n> lit. _Disturbing someone is bad_\n>\n> 誰かを邪魔しては悪い \n> lit. _If/should it disturb(s) someone, it is bad_\n\nの is but a nominalizer, while\n[ては](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%A6%E3%81%AF-576591) is a conditional\nexpression. You can translate the latter as \"disturbing someone is bad\" in\nsome situations too, but the two are different in principle. Maybe a better\ntranslation is \"I'm afraid of disturbing someone\" for the latter.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-24T04:26:21.747",
"id": "30676",
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| 30673 | null | 30676 |
{
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"body": "I was wondering how you would transcribe Feuz into Japanese.\n\nThe word is pronounced like \"Foyts\". I am thinking it would be フォイツ?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-24T03:41:16.233",
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"tags": [
"names",
"transcription"
],
"title": "Transcribing Feuz",
"view_count": 108
} | [
{
"body": "If this name is of German origin, then yes, _eu_ is usually transliterated as\nオイ. フォイツ sounds reasonable to me (well, I only have limited knowledge of\nGerman).\n\n[東外大言語モジュール ドイツ語 発音 実践編 > 5\nEuropaとEuro](http://www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp/mt/de/pmod/practical/01-05-01.php)\n\nBut Feuz may have other readings in other European languages. [See\nthis](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/21180/5010).",
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| 30674 | null | 30685 |
{
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"body": "What do you put in as the subject marker if there is more than one subject?\nFor example\n\n> Adam と Sarah ___ すしがすきです.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-24T17:43:43.037",
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"owner_user_id": "12334",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-は",
"particle-と",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Should you use は or が when you have a compound subject?",
"view_count": 249
} | [
{
"body": "The particle will be the same regardless of number, so you would use は.\nWhether it's one person or two hundred people who like sushi, the particle\nwill not change.\n\n> AdamとSarah **は** すしがすきです。",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-24T18:00:41.953",
"id": "30683",
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"body": "Just the same as if there was only one person:\n\n> AdamとSarahはすしが好{す}きです。\n\nThe topic of the conversation, marked by は, is the pair of both Adam and\nSarah. Topics can be very complex phrases; they don't have to be just single\nwords.",
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"creation_date": "2016-01-24T18:02:09.150",
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| 30682 | null | 30683 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30718",
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"body": "Some words have kanji for them, but the hiragana version is used instead. I\ncome across some words that I'm unsure if they are most commonly used with\nkanji or hiragana. Is there any website to check if a word should be written\nwith kanji?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-25T01:19:20.077",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Where to check if a word is used with kanji or not?",
"view_count": 3648
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{
"body": "There's no absolute rule on this, but there are several rules of thumb:\n\n> Grammatical constructs use hiragana, semantic constructs use kanji.\n\nThe word 来る・くる is used both semantically to mean \"to arrive\", and\ngrammatically, in a general sense of arrival or completion.\n\nConsider: 東京に来た。 versus そろそろいい天気になってきた。\n\nSince the grammatical sense is used; hiragana is used.\n\n> Animal, fruit, and plant names are written with kana.\n\nWhile most animals and plants native to traditional Chinese sphere of\ninfluence _have_ kanji, they are rarely used in Japanese. (There are some\nexceptions, such as 梅{うめ}, but the use of kana, especially katakana, is\nexceedingly common.) This likely stems from the fact that a great many animal,\nfruit and plant name kanji are obscenely complicated, such as 蝶{チョウ}, 鰐{ワニ},\nor 鶴{ツル}.\n\n> Simple and commonly used words tend towards kana.\n\n良{い}い, 為{す}る, 居{い}る and 有{あ}る, to name a few. Reasons for this are twofold:\nThey are words that are used _a lot_ , and even if replacing the strictly\ngrammatical uses with kana, that still leaves a fair few of them on any given\npage. Not only were the standards for what is written in kana and what is\nwritten in kanji solidified well before the advent of computers, leaving\nwriting them a chore, plastering the same kanji all over any given page leads\nto semantic satiation, and just makes the text harder to read.\n\nAs an additional complication, some of these words have a lot of subtleties\nand multiple candidates for the correct kanji, so at some point it's easier to\nslap the kana on there and call it a day. (有る vs. 在る, anyone?)\n\n> The names of other countries are written using kana.\n\nAlmost all country names have some manner of [当て字]{あてじ} alternative available,\nbut these are hardly ever used. They will sometimes be used in newspaper\nheadlines by first character alone, but in general there are only 6 exceptions\nto this of which I am aware: Japan, Koreas North and South, China, England and\nAmerica. 日本, 韓国, 北朝鮮, and 中国 aren't 当て字, and short of spelling them out, don't\nreally have a kana alternative. For England and America, however, 英国{えいこく} and\n米国{べいこく} are seen with some regularity, at least when compared to 仏国{フランス},\n独国{ドイツ} or 西国{スペイン}; go right ahead and forget about seeing stuff like\n諾国{ノールウェー}, 玖瑪{キューバ} or 阿富汗斯{アフガニスタン}.\n\n> ([Girls'] given) names are ultimately arbitrary.\n\nWhen it comes to people's given names, whether they are written one way or the\nother is completely arbitrary, and down to the personal opinion of the name\nholder, or, as is more often the case, the name giver.\n\nThis is particularly the case with girls names. There are some historical\nreasons for this, and it mostly affects girl's names; for boys names kanji is\nusually a safe bet. (This is particularly caused by girls up until somewhat\nrecently only learning hiragana, so girls' names using hiragana has become\nsomething of a tradition.)\n\nSmall wonder business cards are popular in Japan.\n\n> Set phrase? Hiragana.\n\nThere are a number of set phrases that defy the general rules: いってきます, ありがとう\nand おめでとう spring to mind.\n\nThese very much _have_ kanji alternatives, but they are hardly ever used\noutside of period pieces, because they are only rarely written down. (行って来ます,\n有難う and 御目出度う for the above, by the way.)\n\nFor set phrases, hiragana is the way to go.\n\n> Still in doubt? Use kana.\n\nIf you don't know if you're using a verb grammatically or semantically as part\nof a set phrase, use hiragana. If, when a word _sounds_ like it'd use the\n訓読み{くんよみ} and you don't know what kanji to use, use hiragana. If it's a girl's\nname, you don't know the kanji, and you can't ask, use hiragana. Is it a\nfruit, plant or animal, and you've not seen it written using kanji outside of\nscholarly contexts? Use katakana.\n\n> Form your own style of writing.\n\nThere are not a lot of hard and fast rules, and it's difficult to make your\nwriting unreadable, so long as you don't do stuff like ALL KATAKANA ALL THE\nTIME or write Chinesque \"loan\" words with kana. If you know 有る from 在る,\nthere's no harm in using the kanji; and it can lend a personal touch to your\nwriting, so long as it's used consciously, consistently and judiciously.\n\nPersonally, I like using kanji for animal names. It's a quirk. (ニコニコ)",
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| 30688 | 30718 | 30718 |
{
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"body": "If I want to say\n\n> John studies **at** home **and** the library\n\ndo I say\n\n> ジョンさんはうち **と** としょかん **で** べんきょうします。\n\nI feel like I'm getting the particles wrong or that I'm actually supposed to\nuse double particles.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-25T02:07:33.977",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particle-と",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Listing places in Japanese and using particles afterwards",
"view_count": 818
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{
"body": "> 「ジョンさんはうち **と** としょかん **で** べんきょうします。」\n\nThis sentence is grammatical but it does not sound very natural for a couple\nof reasons.\n\n1) Use of 「うち」. In this sentence, the speaker is NOT ジョン. When native\nJapanese-speakers hear just 「うち」, we would tend to think it refers to the\n**_speaker's home_** as @broccoli forest states in the comment above.\n\nTo avoid that, you can use 「[自宅]{じたく}」 or 「[家]{いえ}」 instead of 「うち」.\n\n2) Use of 「と」. I am sure you just directly translated \"and\" and came up with\n「と」. As I said, it is grammatical, but the native speakers's word choice would\nbe 「や」 considerably more often than 「と」.\n\nIf you think you are required to use 「と」 in your class, I will not beg you to\nuse 「や」.\n\n（「うち」, however, I must advise that you **_not_** use.）",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-25T06:58:03.887",
"id": "30693",
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}
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| 30689 | null | 30693 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> A: その たったひとつの自由すらうばわれてしまったら おれには なにが のこるっていうんだい。\n>\n> B: どうしたい ジョー やる気が **あんのかないのんか** ！\n\nIt is said by Kansai-speaking comic character. I'm not sure if it would mean\nsomething like 'do it or not.'\n\nIs 「あんのか」 contracted from 「あるのか」?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-25T05:50:02.177",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30691",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"dialects",
"phrases"
],
"title": "What does the phrase 「あんのかないのんか」 mean?",
"view_count": 756
} | [
{
"body": "In standard Japanese, it would be the same as saying 「あるのかないのか」. The phrase in\nquestion basically means \"do you intend to do it or not?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-25T06:05:15.787",
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| 30691 | null | 30692 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30700",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between 「進行」and「進歩」？ In what situations are they used ?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-25T07:34:59.703",
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"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage",
"nouns"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 「進行」 and 「進歩」?",
"view_count": 570
} | [
{
"body": "* 進歩 is advancement to a higher/better/improved stage. Mainly used with scientific/technical ideas. 科学の進歩, コンピュータの進歩, 進歩したエンジン.\n\n * 進行 is:\n\n * progress to a advanced (often worse) stage: 癌の進行, 環境破壊が進行した\n * progress of a plan, procedure, task, etc: 予定の進行, 結婚式の進行, 研究の進行状況\n * running/moving of a train, car, etc: 列車の進行, 進行方向の安全確認",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 30694 | 30700 | 30700 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30697",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "While reading online, I found numerous websites that had \"Romaji translations\"\nof names that use the Roman alphabet. For example, the Japanese version of\nJordan is said to be either Jo-dan or Yorudan. So how do introduce myself?\n\"Watashi no namae wa Jordan desu\" or \"watashi no namae wa Jo-dan/Yorudan\ndesu?\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-25T07:36:57.563",
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"owner_user_id": "12339",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"names",
"rōmaji",
"transcription"
],
"title": "Introducing yourself in Japanese when you have a Roman name?",
"view_count": 260
} | [
{
"body": "If you're going to use Roman alphabet, you can either leave it as original\nspelling, or convert it to rōmaji (= in Japanese pronunciation).\n\nIf you go with original spelling, you'll be fine at that point, but may face a\n\"So, how do you pronounce it after all?\" afterwards.\n\nIf you choose rōmaji, you should transcribe it according to **the sound in\nyour language, instead of spelling**. Fortunately, [transcription from\nEnglish](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_into_Japanese) has been\nvery predictable: _Jordan_ always becomes _jōdan_ (ジョーダン). What you found\n_yorudan_ (ヨルダン) is for the name of [Kingdom of\nJordan](https://ja.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%80%E3%83%B3),\nor of those from Germany and other Central European countries, where they\npronounce the letters that way.",
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| 30695 | 30697 | 30697 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30701",
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"body": "I came across this and don't quite understand is meaning. One character orders\nanother to forget something, who nods agreement but thinks to themselves:\n\n> 忘れようったって忘れられない\n\nWhat does 忘れようったって mean here? Something like \"even if I want to forget\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-25T07:45:25.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30696",
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"owner_user_id": "4187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does (volitional form) + ったって+(potential form of same verb) mean?",
"view_count": 4075
} | [
{
"body": "See this [デジタル大辞泉's\nentry](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%9F%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6-561378):\n\n> たって［連語］ \n>\n> ［連語］《格助詞「と」と動詞「いう」の連用形に接続助詞「たって」の付いた「といったって」の音変化》名詞、活用語の終止形、動詞と一部の助動詞の命令形、一部の助詞に付く。上に促音の付いた「ったって」の形をとることが多い。ある事柄を認めるにしても、全面的にではないという気持ちを表す。\n> **…といっても。…としても。** 「登山―、ハイキング程度さ」「来いっ―すぐには行けない」「買うっ―近くに店はないよ」\n> [補説]打ち解けた話し言葉で用いられる。\n\nSo `ったって` after a noun, a dictionary/imperative form of a verb, or a\ndictionary form of an adjective is a contracted form of `と言ったって` (lit.\n\"although one says ～\", \"even if they say ～\").\n\n忘れようったって忘れられない literally means \"Even if I say I will forget, I can't forget\".\n\nNote that `たって` directly after te-form is not a contracted form of と言ったって, but\n[this](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/137398/meaning/m0u/):\n\n>\n> ［接助］《過去の助動詞「た」の終止形に接続助詞「とて」の付いた「たとて」の音変化》動詞・形容詞、一部の助動詞の連用形に付く。ガ・ナ・バ・マ行の五段活用動詞に付く場合は「だって」となる。逆接の仮定条件を表す。\n> **…ても。…たとしても。** 「笑われ―かまわない」「いくら捜し―いるはずがない」\n\nExample:\n\n> * 走ったって問題ない。 There's no problem if I run. (te-form of 走る happens to be 走っ)\n> * 走るったって、今日は雨だよ。 Even if you say you run, it's raining today.\n>",
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"creation_date": "2016-01-25T10:30:19.757",
"id": "30701",
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{
"body": "_**Double contraction**_ is taking place here.\n\n> 「[忘]{わす}れようったって」＝\n>\n> 「忘れようと言ったって」\n\nwhich means:\n\n> 「『忘れよう』と言っても」≒\n>\n> 「『忘れよう』と言ったとしても」\n>\n> = \"Even if I/you/we said 'Let's forget!'\"\n\nThe last part of the sentence 「忘れられない」, of course, means \"I/you/we can't\n(forget).\"\n\n_**This construct, which uses the same verb twice, is very common. In its\nfirst appearance, the verb can be in a few different forms such as volitional,\nimperative, etc., but in its second appearance, the verb must be put in a\nnegative form.**_\n\n「[食]{く}えったって食えねえよ、[納豆]{なっとう}だけは！」= \"Just can't eat nattou no matter what!\"\n\n(Notice I did not employ the silly literal TL of \"Even if someone told me to\neat nattou, I could not eat it!\")\n\n「ハワイに[連]{つ}れてってって言われても、連れていけないよ～。お[金]{かね}ないもん！」 Yes, I did use 「連れてってって」\ncorrectly. = 「連れていってって」 = 「連れていってと」\n\n\"You ask me to take you to Hawaii, but I can't. I ain't got much money!\"",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-25T10:38:04.677",
"id": "30704",
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| 30696 | 30701 | 30701 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30705",
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"body": "Consider the following sentence.\n\n> 彼{かれ}が来{こ}ないことを知{し}りませんでした。\n\nI really get confused in determining the subject. Which is the correct\ntranslation?\n\n 1. I did not know that he will not come.\n\n 2. He did not know about the absence.\n\n# Edit\n\nRoughly speaking, most of the available answers said that _the speaker is the\nperson knows about that thing_.\n\nHowever, today I found almost the same sentence quoted from\n\n_A Handbook of Japanese Grammar Patterns for Teachers and Leaners on page\n317-318,_\n\nas follows.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/C0lmX.jpg)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/STo8s.jpg)\n\nIts translation is apparently contrary to the analysis given in the existing\nanswers. I am now in a critical position but committing suicide is not my\noption.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-25T09:27:09.440",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"negation",
"scope"
],
"title": "How can we determine the subject of 「彼{かれ}が来{こ}ないことを知{し}りませんでした。」?",
"view_count": 1129
} | [
{
"body": "This sentence can technically mean both, but it usually (or almost always)\nmeans 1.\n\nTo mean 2., we normally say\n\n> 彼 **は** 来ないことを知りませんでした。 = He didn't know about the (someone else's) absense.\n\nbecause 彼 is the topic of the whole sentence.\n\nIn other words, the use of が after 彼 more or less indicates that \"彼がこない\" is\nthe relative clause which modifies こと.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-25T10:40:52.387",
"id": "30705",
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"body": "1 is the correct translation.\n\nYour sentence in question,\n\n> 彼が来ないことを知りませんでした。\n\ncan also be written as\n\n> （私は）彼が来ないことを知りませんでした。\n\nor\n\n> 彼が来ないことを（私は）知りませんでした。\n\nWhich, in both cases, is translated to \"I did not know that he will not come.\"\n\nIn your original sentence, the subject is implied to be \"I\" (私), but not\nexplicitly stated.\n\n「は」is almost always used after a subject. For example,\n\n> 私はアメリカに住んでいます。\n>\n> 彼は仕事に行きました。\n>\n> 日本はいい国です。\n\nThese can be translated to \"I live in America.\", where \"I\" is the subject;\n\n\"He went to work.\", where \"He\" is the subject;\n\nand \"Japan is a good country.\", where \"Japan\" is the subject.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-25T18:40:37.377",
"id": "30711",
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{
"body": "Understanding the subject of this sentence is a lot easier if we unpack it:\n\nThe sentence 彼{かれ}が来{こ}ないことを知{し}りませんでした。has an implicit subject, and since it\nspeaks of knowledge, unless it's a narrative, the subject is probably 自分{じぶん};\nthe self. What has you confused is probably が looking like part of the\nsentence; it isn't.\n\nSplitting the sentence up using spaces:\n\n彼が来ないことを 知りません でした。\n\nIn truth, the first clause, everything preceding the を is not really part of\nthe sentence, instead, こと turns a full-fledged free-standing sentence into a\nclausal noun.\n\nThe free-standing sentence that was nouned was probably this: 彼 **は** 来ません。\n\nIn the process of turning it into a clausal noun, the は was \"demoted\" to が, as\nis the custom, and the entire clause became the object of the longer sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-25T19:41:30.760",
"id": "30715",
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| 30698 | 30705 | 30705 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30706",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm so confused about the sentence structure'...では...' we say '私は学生です' 'は'\nhere can mean 'be' but Japanese people would say '夜に部屋では電気をつけない' and\n'その店では洋書が売られている' So the first sentence mean '(I) don't switch on the light in\n(my) room at night' The particle 'で'serves as a preposition which has meaning\nsimilar to 'in'. But what's the point in adding 'は' here?\n\nIs it okay to elimiate 'は' from the sentence? Any changes in meaning when は or\nで is included or exclused in the sentence??",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-25T09:46:30.923",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30699",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"particle-は",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "'私は学生です' & '夜に部屋では電気をつけない' : 'は' 'では'",
"view_count": 307
} | [
{
"body": "Let me caveat this answer by saying that I've only been learning for a year\nand use of は is a mind bending subject.\n\nFirst of all, は does **not** mean 'be'. If you really think this then you have\na serious misunderstanding. In your example the function of 'be' is provided\nby です. は is the topic or contrast marker. For me the distinction between topic\nand contrast can be quite blurry, but in these sentences I'd say it's\ncontrast.\n\n> その店で洋書が売られている \n> Western books are sold in that shop \n> その店で **は** 洋書が売られている \n> I don't know about other shops, but at least in that particular shop,\n> western books are sold.\n\nThat's obviously an exaggeration, but hopefully you get the idea.\n\nFrom the topic marker point of view, I'm sure you would be happy with the\nfollowing sentence:\n\n> その店はmomokoの店です。 \n> That shop is Momoko's shop.\n\nYou've introduced a new topic, 'that shop', to the conversation. But what if\nyou wanted to talk about what happens **in** the shop? You need to put **で**\non the end, but you're introducing a new topic at the same time so you need a\n**は**. No problem, just put the two together and you get your original\nexample:\n\n> その店 **では** 洋書が売られている\n\nWhich of the two interpretations is more appropriate would be determined by\ncontext.",
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| 30699 | 30706 | 30706 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30708",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "What's the Japanese for dual flush toilet, a flush toilet that allows you to\nchoose either a large flush (大) or small flush (小)?\n\nGoogle translate suggests \"デュアル水洗トイレ\" (katakana for \"dual\" plus \"flush\ntoilet\"), but the [Japanese Wikipedia article on flush\ntoilets](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E6%B4%97%E5%BC%8F%E4%BE%BF%E6%89%80)\ndoesn't have \"デュアル\" in it, nor does the Japanese Wikipedia article on [toilets\nin\nJapan](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E4%BE%BF%E6%89%80)\n(a google search for オーストラリアの便所 didn't help, either). jisho.org doesn't have\nanything matching [\"dual flush\"](http://jisho.org/search/dual%20flush) or any\nrelevant matches using\n[デュアル](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%83%87%E3%83%A5%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AB%20%23words?page=2)\n(and based on this search for\n[dual](http://jisho.org/search/dual%20%23words?page=4) there's only one\nkatakana form for \"dual\").\n\nSearching ejje for [dual flush\ntoilet](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/Dual+flush+toilet) just supplied the\nEnglish language Wikipedia article.\n\nlinguee.jp had one match for [dual\nflush](http://www.linguee.jp/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E-%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E/search?source=auto&query=dual%20flush):\n\"二重流し水洗トイレ\", from Australia's main tourism site.\n\nMaybe there's a semantic gap, because Japan doesn't have many single-flush\ntoilets.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-25T10:30:23.393",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30702",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-01-25T13:10:14.417",
"last_editor_user_id": "91",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Japanese for dual flush toilet",
"view_count": 1453
} | [
{
"body": "There might be somewhat of a semantic gap, most people won't ever need to use\nthe word, discussion about toilet models would much more concerned about\nwashlets, rather than dual flush.\n\nIt seems however that the correct form would be \"デュアル水洗式トイレ\" rather than\n\"デュアル水洗トイレ\" that mostly Chinese sites use, specifically with regard to this\n<http://ja.myecom.net/english/blog/2015/028465/> and this\n<http://www.sekaimon.com/us/71284/Toilets/151176694826/> occurrence.\n\nI've found [one case of デュアルフラッシュ in a\nPDF](https://www.jpo.go.jp/shiryou/pdf/gidou-houkoku/22lavatory_wash.pdf), but\nthis is usually the transcription of \"dual flash\", so not recommended",
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"creation_date": "2016-01-25T12:04:39.423",
"id": "30707",
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},
{
"body": "In reality, this is not a very common topic of conversation in Japan because,\nas you so stated, the dual flush is just the norm here. Every time I see/hear\nthe system mentioned, it is mentioned by a non-Japanese person who has visited\nJapan.\n\nIf, however, you need a term for a possible future discussion on the topic\nwith a Japanese-speaker, you might use one such as\n「[大小]{だいしょう}[切り替え]{きりかえ}[式]{しき}」、「大小切り替えタイプ」, etc.\n\nI could not promise that these are the most common ways to describe it as I\nhave never actively talked about it with anyone, but I could promise that at\nleast virtually every Japanese-speaker would understand what you are referring\nto if you used them.\n\nYou could say (and be completely understood) things like:\n\n「大小切り替え式の[水洗]{すいせん}トイレ」\n\n「日本のトイレには『大小切り替えレバー』がついています。」 レバー = lever\n\n**_Less than 1% of us would understand 「デュアル[水洗]{すいせん}トイレ」 if you trust me._**\nAsk any other native speakers.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-25T12:28:16.940",
"id": "30708",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-25T18:24:01.447",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-25T18:24:01.447",
"last_editor_user_id": "3097",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "30702",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "Maybe it would help if you share what you need this for. If it's to convey to\nsomeone you want to purchase a toilet with both flush types \"二重流し水洗トイレ\" or\n大小切り替えタイプ will get the message across. I'm sure any japanese person will\nfigure out you want a toilet with both flush patterns.\n\nIf it was me I would say \"大・小水洗付きトイレ\" (read ”だい・しょう・すいせんつきトイレ”)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-25T19:01:46.543",
"id": "30712",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-25T19:01:46.543",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12347",
"parent_id": "30702",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 30702 | 30708 | 30708 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30710",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Do younger Japanese people really use 電気をつける to mean \"turn on the light\"? It\nsounds like something that your Grandad would say in the times when\nelectricity was new and exciting. I know it's taught in textbooks but they can\nhave a tendency to be somewhat anachronistic. Is it the most common phrase,\nand if not what should I be saying?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-25T17:37:06.507",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30709",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-25T19:22:46.673",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Turning on the light",
"view_count": 9040
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, it's the most normal way to say it, among young people too.\n\n> 電気をつける - Turn on the lights \n> 電気を消す - Turn off the lights\n\nIf you don't like it then\n[明かりをつける（消す）](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q12118843782)\nis another phrase you could use...",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-25T17:44:53.537",
"id": "30710",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-25T17:44:53.537",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3010",
"parent_id": "30709",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "Ash's answer is correct. Those phrases are used maybe 95% of the time. The\nother 5% is business/formal phrasing, using 点灯、消灯",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-25T19:22:46.673",
"id": "30714",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-25T19:22:46.673",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12347",
"parent_id": "30709",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 30709 | 30710 | 30710 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30723",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I want to talk about English grammar in technical terms. Example, I might want\nto discuss 文型:\n\n> Every English sentence must have a main verb.\n\nI would say:\n\n> 英文{えいぶん}では、文章{ぶんしょう}にいつも本動詞{ほんどうし}がついている。\n\nTo me, saying 文章 in that context sounds good, but the meaning is a little\nweird. I think of 文章 as really meaning \"document(s)\".\n\nHow should one say \"a sentence\" in the context of a technical discussion about\nEnglish sentence structures.\n\n**Note**. My dictionary defines 一文 as \"a sentence\", yet I've never heard a\nnative say いちぶん. Though, my listening skills are not the best...",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-26T03:46:47.203",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30722",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-27T23:58:39.603",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-27T23:58:39.603",
"last_editor_user_id": "10547",
"owner_user_id": "10547",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "When talking about English 文型, how to say \"a sentence\"? 文章?",
"view_count": 272
} | [
{
"body": "As you have correctly guessed, 文章 refers to a group of sentences/paragraphs.\n\nTo refer to a single sentence, simply use\n[文](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%87), which is perfectly fine as a\ntechnical term, too.\n\n一文 means \"one sentence\". It's used when one needs to emphasize \"one\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-26T03:55:58.733",
"id": "30723",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-26T03:55:58.733",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "30722",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
},
{
"body": "In such cases, _katakana_ センテンス is better, like 「英語のセンテンスには必ず本動詞がある。」, because\n文 is ambiguous and can mean \"a sentence\" or \"writings（文章）\". Any good Japanese\ndictionary must have センテンス as an entry.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-26T11:05:17.673",
"id": "30732",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-26T11:05:17.673",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12357",
"parent_id": "30722",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 30722 | 30723 | 30723 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30725",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> アニメ放送も終了してモンロスに悲しむ世帯主の方々へ朗報\n\nWhat does モンロス mean? It seems to be used as a na-adjective, but I couldn't\nfind the meaning anywhere.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-26T08:11:05.467",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30724",
"last_activity_date": "2021-09-17T17:39:02.707",
"last_edit_date": "2021-09-17T17:39:02.707",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does モンロス mean?",
"view_count": 260
} | [
{
"body": "I hear first the word \"モンロス\" but we recently use the word \"～ロス\" , which means\n\" the lost of something. For example, ペットロス means \" the thing one lose one's\npets.\"\n\nI research the comment of your sentence, so I get モン is a omission of a comic\n\"モンスター娘のいる日常\", so モンロス means \" the lost of \"モンスター娘のいる日常\".\n\nアニメ放送も終了してモンロスに悲しむ means \"the people who weep for モンロス by ending the anime.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-26T09:29:41.773",
"id": "30725",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-26T09:29:41.773",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "30724",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 30724 | 30725 | 30725 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30730",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I can understand モンスター娘 and 日常, but I can't understand モンスター娘のいる.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-26T10:09:19.187",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30726",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-26T10:29:48.200",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-の",
"compounds"
],
"title": "What does モンスター娘のいる日常 mean?",
"view_count": 181
} | [
{
"body": "Literally: Everyday life in which monster daughter exists. Commonly: Everyday\nlife with monster daughter",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-26T10:22:57.193",
"id": "30728",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-26T10:22:57.193",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12356",
"parent_id": "30726",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": -1
},
{
"body": "いる means \" one be there\" in this case, so モンスター娘のいる日常 means \" ordinaries which\nthe monster girls are there\".\n\nThis \"の\" is used instead of \"が\" which is set behind a subject.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-26T10:29:48.200",
"id": "30730",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-26T10:29:48.200",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "30726",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 30726 | 30730 | 30730 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm self studying Japanese and I read horror stories to build my reading\nskills. Recently I came across this sentence that I can't figure out:\n\n> 最近よくじわ怖スレ見てるからビビりになってる\n\nI can't understand what do じ, わ, スレ mean in this sentence. Please, help me\nunderstand it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-26T10:13:38.510",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30727",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-26T13:07:56.017",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-26T13:07:56.017",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12356",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"slang",
"internet-slang"
],
"title": "Meaning of sentence「最近よくじわ怖スレ見てるからビビりになってる。」",
"view_count": 405
} | [
{
"body": "> 「[最近]{さいきん}よくじわ[怖]{こわ}スレ[見]{み}てるからビビりになってる。」\n\nThis must be a tough one for someone teaching himself Japanese as it is\nstudded with slang.\n\n「じわ」: Short for the onomatopoeia 「じわじわ」 = \"gradually\", \"slowly\", etc.\n\n「怖」: Short for 「怖い」= \"scary\"\n\n「スレ」: Short for 「スレッド」 = \"thread (in an internet forum)\"\n\nSo, 「じわ怖スレ」 means \"threads that make you feel scared slowly\" if that makes\nsense. The threads are filled with the type of scary stories that get you\nscared not instantly but rather gradually.\n\n「ビビり」: Slang for \"a timid person\", \"coward\", etc. You will encounter the verb\nform 「ビビる」 (= \"to be afraid\") even more often.\n\nMy rough TL will look like:\n\n> \"I have become somewhat of a wimp because I often read the じわ怖スレ.\"\n\n「見る」 can be used to mean \"to read\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-26T10:50:27.973",
"id": "30731",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-26T10:50:27.973",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "30727",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 30727 | null | 30731 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30734",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've seen this phrase used a few times and i don't think I get it. What\nmeaning does the \"ては\" indicate? Here are examples from google:\n\n> そんな彼女を直子はちらりと見たものの、口に出しては何も言わない。\n\n> それは、現代人の共通認識のはずではあるまいか。 と、心の中で密かに抗議したものの、口に出しては何も言わない。\n> どうせ言っても、呆れ顔でたしなめられるだけだからだ。\n\nThis usage doesn't match any definitions of ては I can understand or find in a\ndictionary. What does it mean?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-26T10:23:27.943",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30729",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-26T12:46:22.623",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Help understanding \"口に出しては何も言わない\"",
"view_count": 262
} | [
{
"body": "> 「[口]{くち}に[出]{し}し **ては** [何]{なに}も[言]{い}わない」\n\n「ては」, in this phrase, is just the 「て」 in the te-form of 「出す」 and the \"contrast\nand emphasize\" 「は」.\n\nIn other words, 「口に出し **ては** 何も言わない」 is only an emphatic form of 「口に出し **て**\n何も言わない」. = \" ** _to not verbalize one's thought_** \"\n\nIf you take a close look at both your sentences, you will notice that in each\nsentence, a person has a thought or opinion about a matter but s/he is not\nexpressing it verbally, correct?\n\nI feel you might have thought too much into this 「ては」 as it actually has many\ndifferent (and important) usages.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-26T12:46:22.623",
"id": "30734",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-26T12:46:22.623",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "30729",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 30729 | 30734 | 30734 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30738",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "My question comes from this case:\n\n * 会う\n * 逢う\n * 遭う\n * 遇う\n\nI see they all are read あう, and mean \"to meet\". So, why are there these many\ncases? And more important, which one should I use? I knew 会う, and when I read\n逢う I thought it was a completely different verb.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-26T12:54:01.723",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30735",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-12T21:11:13.737",
"last_edit_date": "2016-07-22T18:17:35.507",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "9442",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 19,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"homophonic-kanji"
],
"title": "Why are there many kanji that are read and mean the same?",
"view_count": 4527
} | [
{
"body": "The very answer to your question is why I like Japanese so much. As you\nnoticed a same word can be written with different kanji: that is not limited\nto verbs. If kanji changes meaning changes too (that is especially true\nconcerning verbs, nouns are more subject to _stylistic preferences_ : eg.\nかっこいい(casual form)・恰好良い(old form)・格好いい(normal form)). In order to grasp the\ndifferent meanings the best is to learn kanji nuances and meanings.\n\nYou can find a (short) list of 異字同訓｛いじどうくん｝\n[here](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E8%A8%93%E7%95%B0%E5%AD%97) and\n[there](http://www.bunka.go.jp/seisaku/bunkashingikai/kokugo/hokoku/pdf/ijidoukun_140221.pdf)\nbut the best place is a 国語辞典 or a 漢和辞典.\n\nHere are some examples:\n\n * 会う (meet - no nuance)\n * 合う (fit - no nuance)\n * 遭う (meet - meet something bad). 彼はえらい目に遭った。(He ran into troubles).\n * 逢う (meet - fate encounter) 彼は恋人に逢った。(He met his girlfriend)\n * 遇う (meet - coincidence) 彼はAさんに遇った。(He met A by chance)\n * 會う (ancient form of 会う)\n\n * 見る・視る (see - no nuance)\n\n * 観る (see - more like watch)\n * 看る (look after) often 面倒を看る\n * 診る (examination by the doctor)\n * 覧る (see - more like to inspect 観覧・観察)\n * 監る (see - look upon, look out) (my IME does not have it ...)\n\n * 聞く (ask or listen)\n\n * 聴く (listen (carefully))\n * 訊く (ask)\n * and countless more.\n\nSummary, choosing the right kanji is not only up to stylistic preferences\nthere are rules but to often those rules are overlooked in traditionnal second\nlanguage acquisition because nobody cares!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-26T14:59:28.993",
"id": "30738",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-30T10:24:10.213",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-30T10:24:10.213",
"last_editor_user_id": "4216",
"owner_user_id": "4216",
"parent_id": "30735",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 24
},
{
"body": "Japanese didn't have any original letters in ancient times. Kanji was brought\ninto Japan from China in the 3rd or 4th century.\n\nWhen old Japanese people adopted kanji, they called each letter as Chinese\npeople pronounced it. While, kanji often had the meaning which matched some\nJapanese words, so they came to read ''山'' as やま, ''空'' as そら, ''人'' as ひと,\nfor example. It was a kind of translation at first.\n\nIn Japanese, the meaning of these kanjis, 会, 逢, 遭, 遇, are all あう, but each\nletter of kanji has difference in meaning.\n\nThere is often the most popular and general kanji in the same word in\nJapanese, it is often indicated in dictionaries. For example, there are\nseveral kanjis for あう, ''会'' is the most general, doesn't have a nuance, and\nthe others have specific meanings.\n\nThe kanji of 逢 conveys that a man and a woman who are in love meet.\n\n遭 conveys that someone meets with an accident or a bad happening.\n\n遇 conveys that someone meets someone or meets with something unexpectedly.\n\nYou are able to express more details with choosing kanji according to the\nsituation, but it is not general to use 逢, 遇, and 遭 in daily communication\nlike E-mail.\n\nNative Japanese speakers, including me, don't care which kanji should be\nassigned when they say or hear ''あう'' in conversation, because あう is just one\nword.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-26T15:50:17.893",
"id": "30740",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-29T21:16:13.613",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-29T21:16:13.613",
"last_editor_user_id": "11654",
"owner_user_id": "11654",
"parent_id": "30735",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
},
{
"body": "The other answers address the differences between the _kanji_ choices. I would\nlike to point out that this information for disambiguation is contained in any\ngood monolingual dictionary, e.g. 大辞林 which is freely accessible via\n<https://kotobank.jp/>.\n\n大辞林 has two entries for あう, because there are two main meanings, which in\nEnglish one could describe as \"to meet\" (会う、逢う、遭う) and \"to match/fit\" (合う),\neven though it is also noted that both meanings share the same etymology (同源).\n\nThe entry for the first sense, copied below, gives the preferred _kanji_ in\ndouble angled brackets, e.g. 《遭》.\n\nWith the triangle ▼ is indicated that 逢 is not a _jōyō kanji_ (常用漢字).\n\n> **あう** 【会う・▼逢う・遭う】〔「合う」と同源〕\n>\n> ［一］（動ワ五［ハ四］）\n>\n> ①ある場所で顔を合わせ、互いに相手を見てそれと認識する。対面する。《会・逢》「彼は先輩に—うため、自宅を訪問した」「五時半にいつもの喫茶店で—おう」\n>\n> ②偶然に出会う。出くわす。行きあう。遭遇する。《遭》「同級生と駅でばったり—う」「いやな奴と—ってしまった」\n>\n> ③（「…にあう」の形で）好ましくない出来事が身に及ぶ。遭遇する。《遭》「盗難に—う」「交通事故に—う」「ひどい目に—う」\n>\n> ④その場に来合わせる。そこへやって来る。「宇津の山に至りて、…修行者—ひたり／伊勢物語9」\n>\n> ⑤相手に向かう。 \n> ㋐面と向かう。対する。「明らけき鏡に—へば、過ぎにしも今行く末の事も見えけり／大鏡後一条」 \n> ㋑敵に立ち向かう。戦う。あらそう。「香具山と耳梨山と—ひし時／万葉集14」\n>\n> ⑥男女が関係を結ぶ。結婚する。「この世の人は男は女に—ふ事をす、女は男に—ふことをす／竹取物語」 ［可能］あえる\n>\n> ［二］（動ハ下二）\n>\n> ①重ね合わせる。「鶺鴒尾行き—へ／古事記下」\n>\n> ②合わせて一つにする。「みづらの中に—へ巻かまくも／万葉集4377」\n\nThe above are general guidelines and correspond more or less to those\n[outlined by 永劫回帰](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/30738/1628) and [by\nToshihiko](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/30740/1628).\n\nNo _kanji_ choice is as superficial as simply following these guidelines,\nthough: Coming across あう as 逢う, for example, many readers associate this use\nof the _kanji_ 逢 with other words using this _kanji_ , like 逢瀬 \"rendezvous\".\nEven if 逢う is not restricted to romantic situations, it carries the sense of a\nclose relationship. On the other hand, 会 is used in words like 会議\n\"meeting/conference/assembly\" and has a much more neutral association, whereas\n遭 is used in words like 遭難 \"disaster/accident\".\n\nWhen choosing a particular _kanji_ , I think it is a good idea to look at\nother words using the same _kanji_ , because – whether you like it or not –\nthese words (or rather the associated nuances) might pop up in your readers'\nheads.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-07-22T13:23:31.173",
"id": "36888",
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"score": 5
}
]
| 30735 | 30738 | 30738 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Does a verbal form like this exist.\n\nI found this sentence while reading.\n\n> 一体どこの誰に、今の **こいつを黙らせられる** っていうのか。\n>\n> Or should I say, who the hell could be able to silence her.\n\nI think the meaning is this, but こいつを黙らせられる is confusing. \nIs it Causative-Passive or Causative-Potential? \nI know だまらせる is the causative form of だます and it means\n\n> To make someone silent.\n\nBut what does だまらせられる mean in this sentence?\n\n> To be silenced or to be able to make silent?\n\nIf it were passive it should have been こいつが黙らせられる, or am I wrong? \nBut I also know that with potential the construction is the same.\n\n> 僕に林檎が食べられる.\n\nI read that depending on emotional attachment and other factors, at least for\nthe potential form, が and を can be exchanged.\n\nSo I have 2 questions. What form is this? Causative-Passive or Causative-\nPotential? \nWhy is を used instead of が?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-26T14:50:33.137",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30737",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"passive-voice",
"potential-form",
"causation"
],
"title": "Causative-Potential or Causative-Passive",
"view_count": 1743
} | [
{
"body": "First of all, だまらせる is the causative form of だまる. And I think this sentence is\nCausative-Potential. And こいつが黙らせられる is also Causative-Potential in this\nsentence.\n\nI think が黙らせられる becomes Causative-Potential or Causative-Passive according to\nthe context. For example, 私に、彼が黙らせられるかな? (\"Can I make him be silent?\") is\nCausative-Potential. 私に彼が黙らせられる (\"He is made silent by me\") is Causative-\nPassive.\n\nが and を are commonly used in potential form, but が is more appreciated than を.\nFor example, 私は本が読める、私は本を読める",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-26T16:06:20.740",
"id": "30741",
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"score": 3
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]
| 30737 | null | 30741 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30750",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Unlike ゑ and ゐ, を actually still exists. However, I've never heard of this\nletter actually being pronounced fully as 'wo'. It's kind of weird that there\naren't any words with that letter, isn't it? And if it was just was replaced\nwith お over time, why does it still exist as a particle?\n\nSorry if it's a bit broad, but I'm genuinely interested in knowing more.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-26T17:18:49.513",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30742",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-01-26T17:22:14.907",
"last_editor_user_id": "78",
"owner_user_id": "11176",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"history",
"particle-を",
"phonology"
],
"title": "What happened to the を sound?",
"view_count": 622
} | [
{
"body": "As you know, the character 'を' is primarily or exclusively used as a\npostpositional particle to mark the object as in '本を読む,' '字を書く,' while 'お' is\nwidely used as a prefix to a noun in honorific or polite expressions like\n'お元気でいらっしゃいますか,' 'お越しいただく,' 'お神籤,' 'お茶' and 'お神酒,' as well as a character to\nindicate an ‘o’ sound such as in 'おかしい(可笑しい),' 'おとす(落とす),' 'おこす(起こす), 'おんな'\nand 'おとこ.'\n\nI don't see the character 'を' being used for other than postpositional use. I\nthink the characters 'ゑ' and 'ゐ' have become completely obsolete today in the\nprocess of natural selection, because we don't need two different characters\nto describe the same sound. The character 'を' could be on the same route in\nthe long term.\n\nI hear 'を' pronounced \"wo\" sometimes, actually by a female weather forecaster\non NHK-TV. But to most Japanese 'を' and 'お' sound the same.\n\nBy the way, 'を' is a deformation of the Kanji '遠' and 'お' is that of '御,' both\nof which start with an 'o' sound.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-26T23:05:37.903",
"id": "30750",
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},
{
"body": "Nowadays, を exists just as the particle. You can not distinguish the\npronunciation of を from that of お. \nOriginally, を was used for an independent sound, that was /wo/ not /o/ in\nphonology. \n男 was をとこ never おとこ, 踊る was をどる never おどる till around 9th century. \nBut it is said that を /wo/ and お /o/ were absolutely confused by the end of\n11th century. \n \nEven if a person pronounce ''wo'' for を, s/he and the partner(s) of the\nconversation don't regard it as /wo/. Today, there are no words that doesn't\nmake sense if you say ''o'' instead of ''wo''.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-27T02:30:38.367",
"id": "30752",
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},
{
"body": "we is still used in ゑびす/ヱビス\n（Webisu/Ebisu)[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/X84UX.png)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/XT3YK.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 30742 | 30750 | 30750 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30749",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "A group that is at war in Syria can be called IS, ISIS, ISIL, or Daesh in\nEnglish. In Japanese daily conversation, what is the best name that can be\nused for that group?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-26T22:29:18.860",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30748",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-01-26T22:36:46.933",
"last_editor_user_id": "10547",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How to say IS / ISIS / ISIL / Daesh?",
"view_count": 380
} | [
{
"body": "I'm not sure if it's the _best_ way to refer to the group, which I think would\ndepend on your motives, but my favorite journalist, [池上]{いけがみ}[彰]{あきら}, uses\n「イスラム国{こく}」, and I think that's a pretty clear choice.\n\nYou can also use 「[ISIL]{アイシル}」 (which is what [the Japanese Wikipedia\narticle](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISIL) uses). Since \"ISIL\" is an\nacronym, it is more opaque in that sense, and more likely to not be understood\nby someone unfamiliar with the topic. I think the main reason to use this\nacronym would be to be in sync with what the American government is calling\nthe group.\n\n[IS]{アイエス} and [ISIS]{アイシス} are also both in use (possibly more than ISIL),\nbut I think there isn't much of a reason to use them, since they are opaque,\nand if you're looking to be in sync with the American government's naming,\nneither is useful.\n\n* * *\n\n**Edit:**\n\nAs @naruto points out in the comment section, 「イスラム国」 seems to have become\nquite a controversial name to use, at least within the mass media sphere.\n\nIn particular, it looks like media uses all sorts of longer expressions since\naround early 2015, such as\n\n * 「過激派組織IS＝イスラミックステート」 (NHK)\n * 「イスラム過激派組織『イスラム国』（IS=Islamic State）」 (The Asahi Shimbun, The Tokyo Shimbun, Mainichi Shimbun)\n * 「『イスラム国』を名乗る過激派組織＝ISIL（アイシル）」 (TBS Radio)\n * 「イスラム過激派組織・イスラム国」 (Fuji News Network, Kansai TV)\n\nin order to prevent misunderstandings (such as 「イスラム国」 meaning イスラム教の国), to be\nmore in line with foreign media, and likely, as a political stance.\n\nPerhaps this means it makes more sense to use an acronym like ISIL to avoid\ncontroversy, but I think 「イスラム国」 is probably still the most conversational way\nto refer to it.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-26T22:52:10.793",
"id": "30749",
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},
{
"body": "While in daily conversation イスラム国 is often used, in media like NHK I never\nheard anything different than 過激派{かげきは}組織{そしき}イスラム国{こく}, i.e. ISIS seems to\nnever be referred to using only イスラム国.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-27T00:57:25.117",
"id": "30751",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11104",
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}
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| 30748 | 30749 | 30749 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30756",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How do I use an i-adjective and na-adjective together to describe a noun? For\nexample, how do I say \"beautiful, red torii\"?\n\n> 綺麗な鳥居 (na-adjective): beautiful torii \n> 赤い鳥居 (i-adjective): red torii",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-27T06:35:00.120",
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"id": "30754",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-01-27T07:19:52.693",
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"owner_user_id": "1346",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"i-adjectives",
"na-adjectives"
],
"title": "i-adjective + na-adjective + noun",
"view_count": 861
} | [
{
"body": "You would place `綺麗` in te form before `赤い`\n\nSince `綺麗` is a na-adjactive you place it into te form by dropping the na (な)\nand replacing it with de (で).\n\nThis is basically like using commas to create a list in English, except it\nautomatically has a properties of \"and\" included in it.\n\nThe final adjective in this chain doesn't require te form, but for reference\ni-adjectives are put into te for by dropping the i (い) and replacing it with\nkute (くて).\n\nSo your final sentence would be:\n\n> 綺麗で赤い鳥居",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-27T06:56:53.617",
"id": "30755",
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"body": "I think you have the following options:\n\n> 1. 綺麗な赤い鳥居 \n> a beautiful [red _torii_ ] \n> a [beautiful, red] _torii_\n>\n> 2. 赤い綺麗な鳥居 \n> a red [beautiful _torii_ ] (a little strange) \n> a [red, beautiful] _torii_\n>\n> 3. 赤くて綺麗な鳥居 \n> a red and therefore beautiful _torii_\n>\n> 4. 綺麗で赤い鳥居 \n> a [beautiful, red] _torii_ \n> ~~a beautiful and therefore red _torii_~~\n>\n>\n\nThe combination of \"red\" and \"beautiful\" is a bit biased, because something\ncan be beautiful _because_ it is red, but not be red because it is beautiful\n(which would have to be 綺麗で赤い). This plays into the translation, so 綺麗で赤い\ncould only sensibly mean that 綺麗 and 赤い are thought of as separate qualities.\n\nOf course, 赤い is also special in that one can also say\n\n> 5. 赤で綺麗な鳥居\n>\n\nwhich I think would usually be taken as equivalent to (3), but could also mean\n(2).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-27T07:17:41.733",
"id": "30756",
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}
]
| 30754 | 30756 | 30756 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30764",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I played a game app, and I found this sentence on the TOS agreement screen.\n\n> ないようがわからないかたは、おうちの人にがめんをみせてください\n\nEnglish: _If you don't understand, show this screen to your parents._\n\nThe sentence is written in Hiragana, so it seems to be for children.\n\n * ないようがわからないかた: children who play the app\n * おうちの人: their parents\n\nI know **かた** is politer than **人** , but if the only difference is whether\nit's polite or not, why is the sentence not polite to the parents?\n\nIf the sentence was not wrong, it would be interchangeable with this:\n\n> ないようがわからない人は、おうちのかたにがめんをみせてください",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-27T07:21:39.357",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-01-27T22:56:37.373",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9388",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Are かた and 人 interchangeable in this sentence?",
"view_count": 194
} | [
{
"body": "> 「ないようがわからない **かた** は、おうちの **人** にがめんをみせてください。」\n\nThis sentence, while 100% grammatical, sounds kind of awkward, and I am sure\nthat, as a fellow Japanese-speaker, you probably felt the same way.\n\nEven though it is a little awkward, it probably could not be improved much\nbecause it has been written to express something that the Japanese language is\nnot designed well to express.\n\n**It is awkward because it is written by the vendors (adults) to the customers\n(children) and in what is essentially supposed to be an** **_honorific\nlanguage._** Imagine having to write instructions using keigo to someone who\ncannot even read kanji!\n\n(I sometimes hear the same kind of awkwardness/unnaturalness in restaurants,\nshops, etc. in Japan where the adult employees must sometimes speak to kids. I\nwould not do any better than they do, either, if I worked at one of those\nplaces.)\n\nThis instruction uses 「かた」 to refer to the child customer, and I would say\nthat it is a reasonable word choice. The manufacturers, however, used 「人」 to\nrefer to the kid's parents when the parents themselves are likely to be the\nones who actually payed for the product. My guess is that the instruction-\nwriter tried to see things from the kid's viewpoint and ended up using 「おうちの人」\nas that might sound \"better\" or \"more natural or familiar\" to the kid\nhim/herself.\n\n(Kids are generally pretty poor in their keigo usage. The manufacturers know\nthat, but they could not completely ignore keigo since the kids are their\ncustomers and customers are gods in Japan. This dilemma, according to me,\nhelped create the awkwardness of the instructions.)\n\nIn conclusion, I find it difficult to improve the sentence. One could use 「かた」\ntwice, but my bigger concern would be the fact that even if one used 「かた」\ntwice, it would not improve the awkward and unnatural verb phrases that should\ngo with the polite and respectful 「かた」. I am referring to 「わからない」 and\n「みせてください」, both of which are \"plain\" and would not be used in product\ninstructions for adults, but using 「おわかりにならない」 and 「おみせになっていただくようおねがいいたします」\ninstead would be out of the question with kids.\n\nTo say:\n\n> 「ないようがわからない **人** は、おうちの **かた** にがめんをみせてください。」\n\nwould be risky because one could end up sounding so 「上から」 by addressing your\ncustomer with 「人」 even if s/he is a kid. It would sound like an instruction on\na cheap candy. Just to play safe, I would pesonally not use the sentence in\nhighlight above as an instruction in a game. If you used it, however, not many\npeople would feel it strange, either.\n\nAdult Japanese-speakers would know instinctively that this is not a good\nsituation to use keigo properly or even nicely for that matter.",
"comment_count": 4,
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| 30757 | 30764 | 30764 |
{
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"body": "\"日本で流行はおもしろいですね。流行は日本の方がアメリカよりだいじとおもいます。たくさんの種類です。好きな服装はなんですか？\"\n\nIn this case am I using \"服装\" correctly? I'm trying to express that I think\nthat fashion is more important in Japan and asking what the person's favorite\nstyle is.\n\nThere are other words for \"style\" such as 様式. What is the difference?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-27T08:57:35.523",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30760",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-27T09:51:52.877",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-27T09:51:52.877",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11098",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "How to talk about style",
"view_count": 728
} | [
{
"body": "I think 好きな服装は何ですか? and 好きな服はなんですか? are correct and 好きなファッションは何ですか? is also\nordinary used but 様式 isn't used in fashion.\n\nI think 様式 is formal. A dictionary say\n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/226436/meaning/m0u/>\n\nIn addition, スタイル means mainly \"a shape of a body\" in Japan.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-27T09:33:03.820",
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| 30760 | null | 30761 |
{
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"body": "I came across the following sentence in a website:\n\n> 人々は月はチーズの球だと考えました\n\nThis sentence seems to have two topic particles: 人々 is the topic of the main\nsentence because \"people thought something\" (人々は...考えました). The と particle\nmarks what people thought, which was the sentence 月はチーズの球だ. This sentence has\na different topic and therefore another は. Is this analysis correct? Is this\nsentence I've found grammatically correct?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-27T10:40:37.750",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_editor_user_id": "4216",
"owner_user_id": "12253",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"particle-は"
],
"title": "Multiple は particles in a sentence",
"view_count": 509
} | [
{
"body": "You are correct in your analysis of the meaning of the sentence, that the sub-\nclause \"月はチーズの球だ\" (where the subject is \"月\"), is nested inside the outer\nclause (where the subject is \"人々\").\n\nMultiple occurrences of \"は\" particles in the same sentence is an interesting\nphenomenon, since it many times sounds perfectly natural. I believe it sounds\nmore natural when the particles are used differently. Compare: \"私は\", \"では\",\n\"ことは\", \"には\" etc.\n\nNonetheless, overdoing it will make it more and more difficult to parse and\nmake sense of the sentence.\n\n> Is this sentece I've found grammatically correct?\n\nI think so. Although, I would be inclined to throw in a comma after the first\n\"は\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-27T10:56:53.613",
"id": "30763",
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| 30762 | null | 30763 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "31002",
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"body": "I came across someone referring to the phrase \"何様のつもりか\" in the middle of an\nEnglish-language discussion:\n\n> if I were [person X], I would be shouting \"何様のつもりか\" (although I am not, and\n> so I can't)\n\n[Weblio](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E4%BD%95%E6%A7%98%E3%81%AE%E3%81%A4%E3%82%82%E3%82%8A)\ngives a translation of \"Who the hell do ... think ... are?\"\n\njisho.org says that [何様](http://jisho.org/search/%E4%BD%95%E6%A7%98) means a\nperson of importance, often used sarcastically, and\n[つもり](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%A4%E3%82%82%E3%82%8A) has meanings of\nintention, plan, conviction, or belief.\n\nI guess the translation of phrase makes sense based on its component words\n(the author is accusing someone of taking over person X's project), but is\nthere any other context I should know about this phrase?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-27T12:29:36.283",
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"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "Context of \"何様のつもりか\"",
"view_count": 276
} | [
{
"body": "That is a strong phrase. It is often used to start accusing or fighting.\n\n\"You are so rude.\" would be close.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-02-07T20:28:23.017",
"id": "31002",
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| 30765 | 31002 | 31002 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30778",
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"body": "What is the meaning of 声をそろえる in this conversation:\n\n> 「だからってドロボーの手伝いまですることないじゃない」 \n> お姉ちゃんがあきれたように言うと、ヒロシも **声をそろえた** 。 \n> 「そうだぞ。そんなバカなことしない人間に育てるために、厳しくする方がまる子のためだ。...」\n\nLiterally I think it means 'to gather/collect/prepare ones voice'.\n\nIn English we have the phrase 'collect one's thoughts' e.g. \"He collected his\nthoughts and then answered the question\". So I can think of three\npossibilities:\n\n1) It's a combination of collecting your thoughts and then speaking\n\n2) You've become temporarily speechless, because someone said something stupid\nfor example, and you are getting the ability to speak again.\n\n3) If そろえる means 'prepare' then maybe it means something like clearing your\nthroat\n\nAre any of these correct?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-27T14:31:42.510",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"nuances",
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "Meaning of 声をそろえる",
"view_count": 225
} | [
{
"body": "It means: to speak in unison (with one voice). A synonym is 声を合わせる.\n\nEDIT: I think that what you said in your first comment seems to apply here.\nHiroshi agrees with oneechan. Hiroshi made his opinion merge with oneechan's\nopinion when he says 「そうだぞ。。...」.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-27T15:14:20.677",
"id": "30768",
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{
"body": "> 「[声]{こえ}をそろえる」\n\nin this context, means:\n\n> \"to say (basically) the same thing about something as others have previously\n> said about it\"\n\nor in short,\n\n> \"to express a similar opinion\"\n\nIn other situations such as multiple people singing or saying the same thing\ntogether , 「声をそろえる」 means:\n\n> \"to sing in unison\" or \"to speak in one voice\" respectively.",
"comment_count": 1,
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| 30767 | 30778 | 30778 |
{
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"body": "こんにちは！\n\nちょっと困ったことがありますが、誰か手伝ってくれるといいんですが・・・\n\nHello! I'm having a little confusion with this sentence from 新完全マスター３級・文法\n\nIn the explanation from the book, it is said that 「～反面」、「～一方」and 「～かわりに」means\n\"on the other hand\".\n\nIn this sentence: 「会長の山田さんは、実行力があるかわりに、深く考えることはしない。」\n\ninstead of using 「～かわりに」can we change it to 「～反面」or even 「～一方」？\n\n～反面： 「会長の山田さんは、実行力がある反面、深く考えることはしない。」\n\n～一方： 「会長の山田さんは、実行力がある一方で、深く考えることはしない。」\n\n^ Are these sentences acceptable? Do they make sense? Are they even\ngrammatically correct?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-27T15:39:48.713",
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"id": "30769",
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"owner_user_id": "12082",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"jlpt"
],
"title": "N3 Pattern: Difference of 「～かわりに」、「～反面」、「～一方（で）」",
"view_count": 4589
} | [
{
"body": "All your sentences are valid and natural.\n\nかわりに, 反面 and 一方（で）don't make any differences in your examples, but they could\nelsewhere.\n\n**かわりに** literally means \"instead\", thus `A かわりに B` can mean either \"do B\ninstead of A\" or \"do B in return for doing A\" (= A, on the other hand, B). But\nof course you can decide which from the context.\n\n> 会長の山田さんは、実行力がある _A_ かわりに、深く考えることはしない _B_ 。 (Has both sides) \n> 会長の山田さんは、息子を社長にする _A_ かわりに、外部から社長を招いた _B_ 。 (Only B, not A)\n\n**反面** means \"opposite side\", like each side of the same coin. That means, in\norder to use this expression you must have not only the front (A) and the back\n(B) side, but also the common topic, or the \"coin\" (T).\n\n> ○ 会長の山田さん _T_ は、実行力がある _A_ 反面、深く考えることはしない _B_ 。 \n> × 会長は実行力がある _A_ 反面、社長は意欲に乏しい _B_ 。 (Not sure what you're talking about) \n> ○ この会社 _T_ では、会長は実行力がある _A_ 反面、社長は意欲に乏しい _B_ 。\n\n**一方（で）** can be used even when the former and the latter parts are not\nopposite. It could be someone's two separate strong points, or same action\ndone by two different people etc.\n\n> ○ 会長は経営に積極的に参加する一方で、社会活動にも力を注いでいる。 \n> × 会長は経営に積極的に参加する反面、社会活動にも力を注いでいる。",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 30769 | null | 30776 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30834",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was reading a Japanese manga and came across the sentence: よそうかんがえるな。。。\n\nNow, I took this to mean \"Stop, let's not think about it\", but I am wondering\nif the phrase is a set-phrase or it is similar to volitional+omou which means\nto plan.\n\nPlease let me know, because it is really bothering me.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-27T17:46:40.423",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30772",
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"owner_user_id": "11312",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"negation",
"volitional-form"
],
"title": "volitional + negative verb special meaning or kimarimonku",
"view_count": 214
} | [
{
"body": "All I can say for sure is that:\n\n> 「よそうかんがえるな」\n\nis **_not_** a set phrase. It is not even normal writing.\n\nIf it were meant to be:\n\n> 「よそう、[考]{かんが}えるな・・・」 or even 「よそう、かんがえるな・・・」 in all kana,\n\nthen, it would be much better writing and it makes perfect sense as well. It\nwould mean something like:\n\n> \"Nah, let's not! Don't (even) think about it!\"\n\nThat is, however, still not a set phrase.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-28T00:13:49.053",
"id": "30777",
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{
"body": "This is surely 予想を考えるな with を omitted, meaning, \"Don't speculate\".\n\n[予想を考える](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%22%E4%BA%88%E6%83%B3%E3%82%92%E8%80%83%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B%22)\nseems to be commonly used in relation to speculation about things like horse\nracing, as in e.g. 競馬の予想を考える.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-30T15:45:12.250",
"id": "30834",
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| 30772 | 30834 | 30777 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30774",
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"body": "Both mean happy. 嬉しい is an i-adjective, and 幸せ is a na-adjective. If I want to\nsay, \"The happy boy studied at the library\", which one should I use? The boy\nin the sentence is feeling happy at the moment.\n\n> 嬉しい男の子が図書館で勉強しました。\n\nor\n\n> 幸せな男の子が図書館で勉強しました。",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-27T17:59:02.510",
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"id": "30773",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-01-27T19:07:58.937",
"last_editor_user_id": "1346",
"owner_user_id": "1346",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "嬉しい vs 幸せ. Which one to use in this case?",
"view_count": 3197
} | [
{
"body": "嬉しい nowadays is mostly used to express your happiness during a certain moment\nor time, and it's usually brief periods of joy and related to a close\nevent(either by speech or by time). For example, if you just got a package you\nwaited for, you'll be 嬉しい. If you passed your test, you're going to be 嬉しい.\n\n幸せ(な) is used to express long-term joy, or put more simply, happiness. For\nexample, if you're describing a happy family, you can say 幸せな家族. It has the\ngeneral meaning of happiness while 嬉しい is for the immediate meaning of joy\nderived from a certain moment or event.\n\n * うちは幸せな結婚生活ですよ。\n * それは嬉しいことですね。\n\nHis marriage is filled with しあわせ, and he's うれしい about it.",
"comment_count": 1,
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{
"body": "I think 嬉しい男の子 is unnatural. 嬉しい is rarely used in modifying nouns. If you use\nit as a modifier, it should be 嬉しそうな.\n\nI think 幸せな男の子が図書館で勉強しました is no problem, but if a third person describes\nanother person's emotion or condition, attaching そうな to them is better.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-28T05:35:17.647",
"id": "30780",
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| 30773 | 30774 | 30774 |
{
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"body": "A Korean friend used a word that I believe was a Japanese loan word, that he\nsaid meant a \"human to god\" kind of love - an 'inferior' being loving or\nidolizing a 'superior' one. It wasn't a phrase but just one word... Does this\nsound familiar or should I ask around on a Korean site?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-27T21:38:57.930",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30775",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-01-27T22:52:56.073",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "12369",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"slang",
"colloquial-language",
"culture",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "Phrase/word for \"human to god\" love / idolatry?",
"view_count": 181
} | [
{
"body": "Gleaning from the comments that this might be a term that originally came from\nChinese, one guess would be\n[崇拝【すうはい】](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9D), often glossed\nas _\"worship\"_ but with overtones of _\"admiration, adoration\"_. The\ntraditional form of these kanji is\n[崇拜](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E6%8B%9C), the form still used\nin written Chinese, with readings of _chóngbài_ (Mandarin), _sung 4 baai3_\n(Cantonese), _chhùng-pai_ (Hakka), and _chông-pài_ (Min Nan). The term is also\nused in Korean, as [숭배]{sungbae}.",
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| 30775 | null | 30818 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30784",
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"body": "In English, we can say, \"Brad Pitt is living in Los Angeles and is a famous\nactor\". I wrote this sentence as two Japanese sentences.\n\n> ブラッド・ピットはロサンゼルスに住んでいます。有名な俳優です。\n>\n> Brad Pitt is living in Los Angeles. He is a famous actor.\n\nCan いる be written in て-form to give the following compound sentence? Or is it\nbest to just use the two sentences above?\n\n> ブラッド・ピットはロサンゼルスに住んでいて、有名な俳優です。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-28T08:03:22.143",
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"id": "30783",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1346",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"て-form"
],
"title": "て-form of いる in compound sentence",
"view_count": 123
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, your second sentence sounds better than your first, but it still lacks\nthe conciseness that many readers require in writing.\n\nThe even more concise and less lengthy way to say it is to use a relative\nclause.\n\n> 「ブラッド・ピットはロサンゼルスに[住]{す}んでいる[有名]{ゆうめい}な[俳優]{はいゆう}です。」\n>\n> = \"Brad Pitt is a well-known actor who lives in L.A.\"\n\n(Whether it is \"to live\" or \"to be living\", it is 「住んでいる」 in Japanese.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-28T08:57:25.690",
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}
]
| 30783 | 30784 | 30784 |
{
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"body": "Why does Japanese ([more or\nless](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_breaking_rules_in_East_Asian_languages#Line_breaking_rules_in_Japanese_text_.28Kinsoku_Shori.29))\nlack word wrapping, with even words written in katakana broken up by new\nlines?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-28T10:38:26.943",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30785",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -2,
"tags": [
"words",
"orthography"
],
"title": "Why does Japanese lack word wrapping?",
"view_count": 371
} | [
{
"body": "If the text has been laid out properly by a designer the words will wrap right\nafter the particle for more natural flow (が、を、は etc). For a websites in\nJapanese, because there is no whitespace between characters the sentence is\ntreated as one 'word' and will break wherever it needs to.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-29T03:20:29.650",
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| 30785 | null | 30800 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30796",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is a shot from a manga called 飴色{あめいろ}パラドックス by 夏目{なつめ}イサク. I was\nwondering what dialect the police-man was speaking in?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/dLMZ1.png)\n\nI know he's in 田舎{いなか}/東北{とうほく} as that's all the mangaka specifies, but I was\nwondering if it was a specific dialect. Thanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-28T16:34:44.977",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"dialects"
],
"title": "What dialect is this?",
"view_count": 393
} | [
{
"body": "A very pure and specific dialect is rarely used in manga. Why not? Because the\nvast majority of readers would not understand it then. (The Tokyo dialect\nmight be the only exception.)\n\nThe cop's speech looks Touhoku-ish for sure, but if you looked closely, except\nfor the use of 「わらす」 (= わらし), almost all of the dialectal elements used are\nthe voicing of the consonants that are pronounced unvoiced in \"standard\"\nJapanese. I am referring to:\n\n「さいぎん」,「あだり」,「しでた」,「おだぐ」, etc.\n\nI have lived in Nagoya and Tokyo all of my life. If I can understand the cop's\nlines if I just mentally got rid of all the **゛** 's (the dots), then I know\nthat that is not a full-on dialect.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-29T00:32:39.023",
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| 30786 | 30796 | 30796 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30791",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I asked a few native speakers about which phrase was more natural in a\nsituation where I ask a friend if they had time:\n\n> 時間がありますか？\n\nor\n\n> 時間はありますか？\n\nThey all chose the latter. So is the former unnatural? In what situations\nwould you use it in?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-28T18:35:53.577",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Is 時間がありますか unnatural?",
"view_count": 415
} | [
{
"body": "I'm amused to read all of your native Japanese speaking friends chose 時間はあります.\nTo me 時間があります and 時間はあります sound the same, and look interchangeable as a\npostpositional particle - は、が following the subject..\n\nIf I was asked which of が and は I would choose in the following examples, I\nwould choose\n\n> バッテリーの交換は３０分かかります。(お待ちいただく)時間 **は** ありますか？\n>\n> 開宴まで５分です。トイレに行く時間 **は** ありますか？\n>\n> もう６０歳だ。残された時間 **は** ない\n>\n> まだ十分考える時間 **が** ある\n>\n> くだくだ言っている時間 **は** ない\n\nBut it doesn’t mean the other option would be grammatically wrong.\n\nFrankly I don’t know why I chose them this way. It might be just intuitive for\nme, and it is a matter of taste at best. I don’t think the choice of は and が\nmakes any significant difference in meaning or grammaticality in most cases.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-28T22:45:05.710",
"id": "30791",
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{
"body": "As a native speaker, I would also definitely choose your **_second_** sentence\nusing 「 **は** 」 if you just asked me:\n\n> \"Which phrase is more natural in a situation where I ask a friend if they\n> had time?\"\n\nwithout giving any more specific information. In other words, the **_exact\ncontext_**. What is the situation in which you are asking this friend if s/he\nhas time? What exactly did you and/or s/he say immediately before you uttered\nthe sentence 「時間（ ）ありますか？」, etc.?\n\nJapanese is an **_extremely_** contextual language; Context is king. And\nbelieve me, that is still an understatement.\n\nWith over three decades of experience with Japanese-learners, I know well that\ntheir \"favorite\" subject marker is 「が」 for the reasons I have yet to\nunderstand to be honest. Many use it as if it were the default option.\n\nYou need a good reason to use 「が」 over 「は」, but the question **\"Do you have\ntime?\"** is so generic in nature that choosing to use 「が」 is not only fairly\nunnatural but is also highly unjustifiable.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-29T00:13:56.513",
"id": "30795",
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},
{
"body": "One option that might be overlooked is to _omit_ the particle, as opposed to\nchoosing \"は\" or \"が\". In this case, it would sound much closer to \"は\" than \"が\".\n\nPersonally, I would go with this third option, in most cases.\n\nNonetheless, I concur that [context really is important when discussing\nJapanese](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/30795/11830). There are cases\nwhen one would sound correct, and the other incorrect and vice versa.\n\n> In what situations would you use [the former] in?\n\nWhen the subject is made clear to be someone other than the listener.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-29T06:44:30.960",
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},
{
"body": "It's not technically impossible to use 時間が… for questions (unlike sentences of\nstatement that represent speaker's judgement) but it may sound like you\nsuspect that they have time. Usually, you use a sentence that contains some\ntopic when you ask people and expect them to reply, for them to follow the\ntopic you have staked.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-29T07:24:58.877",
"id": "30806",
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]
| 30787 | 30791 | 30791 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30789",
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"body": "I looked up the reading for `鏡` in `眼{め}鏡{がね}` on jisho.org\n[here](http://jisho.org/search/%E9%8F%A1%20%23kanji), but I could not find\n`がね`, only `かがみ`,`キョウ`, and `ケイ`.\n\nWhere did that reading come from?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-28T19:00:56.760",
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"owner_user_id": "1346",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"readings"
],
"title": "Where did the reading for 鏡 in 眼鏡 come from?",
"view_count": 163
} | [
{
"body": "「ガネ」 is not a reading for 鏡. The issue here is that the word 眼鏡 has a\n[熟字訓]{じゅく・じ・くん}; that is, a reading applied to the entire word, not to the\nindividual parts. In fact, you can see 眼鏡 [at the top of this list\nhere](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%86%9F%E5%AD%97%E8%A8%93#.E7.94.9F.E6.B4.BB.E7.94.A8.E5.93.81).\n\nYou can find many other examples of words with 熟字訓 on that same page.\n\nIn fact, even in writing your topic, you typed the word as 眼{め}鏡{がね} which\nincorrectly associates the hiragana with the kanji. In cases of 熟字訓, I like to\nenclose the whole reading in `« »`. So I would type it in as [眼鏡]{«めがね»} and\nit displays like so [眼鏡]{«めがね»}. But that's just my preference for how to do\nit.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-28T20:33:20.003",
"id": "30789",
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},
{
"body": "To build on istrasci's answer, the がね is\n[rendaku](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendaku) for かね, with a basic meaning\nof \"metal\" (and a more common kanji spelling of 金): \"eye\" + \"metal\" in\nreference to the metal frame of eyeglasses. Modern glasses can use various\nmaterials for the frame, but earlier, metal was the main (only?) material\nused.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-29T00:50:32.597",
"id": "30797",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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}
]
| 30788 | 30789 | 30789 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30799",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> Sentences in which event A happens \n> 風呂からあがり、パジャマに着替えたまる子の口がポカンとあいたのは、 **それから** 一時間後のことだった。 \n> Sentences in which event B happens\n\nWhat event does それから refer to?\n\nIs it saying that the time when Maruko got out of the bath etc was one hour\nafter event A?\n\nOr is it saying that event B was one hour after Maruko got out of the bath?\n\nI'm sure its not ambiguous but can you please explain why it must be the way\nit is? If I had to choose, I'd go for my first interpretation, but I can't\nconvince myself either way.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-28T21:25:38.543",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30790",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"time"
],
"title": "A question on event timing",
"view_count": 236
} | [
{
"body": "To work from the information given both in your question and comment above,\nthe following could logically be said:\n\n> \"What event does それから refer to?\"\n\n「それ」 must refer to \" ** _event A_** \", to use your own words.\n\n「それから」 = \"since event A (occured)\"\n\n> \"Is it saying that the time when Maruko got out of the bath etc was one hour\n> after event A?\"\n\nExactly.\n\nNotice the set of actions\n「[風呂]{ふろ}からあがり、パジャマに[着替]{きが}えたまる[子]{こ}の[口]{くち}がポカンとあいた」 is nominalized by 「\n**の** 」. Since it is nominalized, one can say that is 「一[時間後]{じかんご}の **こと** 」,\nwhich is another noun phrase.\n\nThere has to be a time lapse of one hour between \"event A\" and the time when\nMaruko got out of bath, put on clothes and dropped her jaw.\n\n> \"Or is it saying that event B was one hour after Maruko got out of the\n> bath?\"\n\nNo, that is just not possible.\n\nIt says nothing (unless you are not telling us something) about the length of\ntime lapse between Maruko's after-bath set of actions and \"event B\".\n\nTo recap:\n\nEvent A occurs.\n\n↓\n\n(One-hour time lapse)\n\n↓\n\nMaruko gets out of bath, puts on clothes and drops her jaw.\n\n↓\n\n(Time lapse of unknown length.)\n\n↓\n\nEvent B occurs.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-29T01:45:37.677",
"id": "30799",
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}
]
| 30790 | 30799 | 30799 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> マスクをして、花粉を鼻から吸わないようにしています\n\nIt has the general meaning of \"they use masks so that they don't breathe\npollen through their noses\". My question is about the\n\n> 吸わないようにしています\n\npart. Which conjugation is this? 吸わない comes from 吸う (to breathe in). What\nabout ようにしています?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-29T01:18:30.763",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30798",
"last_activity_date": "2023-02-21T12:07:20.837",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-27T08:21:54.687",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "12253",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"conjugations"
],
"title": "Which conjugation is this? 吸わないようにしています",
"view_count": 239
} | [
{
"body": "吸わ(未然形 of verb 吸う) + ない(auxiliary verb which means \"negative\") + ように(連用形 of\nauxiliary verb ようだ which means \"analogy\" + し(連用形 of verb する) +\nて(postpositional particle) + い(連用形 of subsidiary verb いる) + ます(auxiliary verb\nwhich means \"politeness\")\n\nAnd て + いる is used together as one word ている.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-29T07:22:25.223",
"id": "30805",
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| 30798 | null | 30805 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30803",
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"body": "> 祖父はシベリアからの引き揚げを経験した **口** だ。\n>\n> My grandfather was one of the people who were repatriated from Siberia.\n\nI couldn't find any dictionary entries that would fit 口 in this context. What\ndoes it mean here exactly?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-29T05:09:01.997",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30802",
"last_activity_date": "2021-01-04T11:20:42.680",
"last_edit_date": "2021-01-04T11:20:42.680",
"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
"owner_user_id": "12320",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 13,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "How is 口 used here?",
"view_count": 1273
} | [
{
"body": "「[口]{くち}」 has a dozen different meanings/usages.\n\nI do not know about bilingual dictionaries, but this usage of 「[口]{くち}」 is\nfairly common and it should be explained in every **monolingual** dictionary.\n\nSee definition 一 - 4 from\n[デジタル大辞泉](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%8F%A3-55470#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88):\n\n> ４\n> [物事]{ものごと}を[分類]{ぶんるい}したときの、[同]{おな}じ[種類]{しゅるい}に[入]{はい}るものの一つ。また、その[種類]{しゅるい}。たぐい。「彼は相当いける口だ」「甘口」\n\nThat means a \" ** _(special) group of people or things that someone/something\nbelongs to, or that person or thing him/itself_** \".\n\n> 「祖父{そふ}はシベリアからの引{ひ}き揚{あ}げを経験{けいけん}した口{くち}だ。」\n\nIn this context, 「口」 refers to the group of people who experienced\nrepatriation from Siberia (after WWII), or any individual within that group.\n\nIn case someone needs help in understanding the examples for that definition\nin the link, 「[彼]{かれ}は[相当]{そうとう}いける[口]{くち}だ」 means \" ** _He is the kind to\ndrink a lot_**.\" He is a member of that particular group of people. 「いける」\nmeans \"to be able to drink much\" in colloquial Japanese. 「甘口{あまくち}」 is the\nname for a category of sakes, wines, etc. that is on the sweet side.\n\nSince both examples are alcohol-related, I presume that one of the authors of\nデジタル大辞泉 would be an いける口 him/herself.",
"comment_count": 1,
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}
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| 30802 | 30803 | 30803 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30819",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I've encountered the following sentence in a game:\n\n> 時には後ろを振り返ると案外役に立つ事が **コロッと転がってたりする** もんだ。\n\nFirst, I'd like to understand why the \"to\" in コロッと isn't in katakana like the\nrest of the word, why the dictionary writes it all in hiragana\n(<http://jisho.org/search/korotto>). Maybe I got the wrong word? \nBut regardless of that, how do I put that part of the sentence into words? I\nseem to have it in my mind, but can't quite say it in english.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "10548",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"expressions",
"particle-と",
"adverbs",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "How do I translate 「コロッと転がってたりする」 to english?",
"view_count": 347
} | [
{
"body": "That 「と」 _**must**_ be written in hiragana because it is a particle. You have\n_**no**_ choice here.\n\nThe 「と」 turns the preceding word 「コロッ」 into an adverb form so that it can\nmodify the verb phrase 「[転]{ころ}がってたりする」.\n\n「ころっ/コロッ」 is a colloquial and onomatopoeic \"word\"; therefore, it is not very\nimportant whether you write it in hiragana or katakana. You have a choice\nhere. Your preference can be fully reflected in its orthography.\n\nMy own TL attempt for:\n\n> 「コロッと[転]{ころ}がってたりするもんだ。」\n\nwould be:\n\n> \"one might find (helpful things/items) lying about (unexpectedly)\"\n>\n> \"(to your surprise) you may find (helpful things/items) just scattered about\n> \"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-29T13:08:59.343",
"id": "30809",
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{
"body": "This コロッと isn't really describing the quality of the thing itself, I mean, it\nis, but much more reflecting the speaker's impression or observation.\n\nIn your example, 転がっている alone can fully depict the situation, \"it's lying on\nthe ground\". The remainder, コロッと and ～たりする both represent the speaker's mood.\n\nコロッと implies (of course not round or rolling-ness here) something exists there\nas casually, unattendedly as a roadside pebble. In other word, it's actually a\nrhetoric attributing one's failure to notice to that innocent thing.\n\nたりする is a worth learning colloquial idiom that derives from たり of probability\nor exemplification. It means \"sometimes could happen/do\", \"do -- or something\"\nor \"things such like -- happen\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-29T23:07:28.183",
"id": "30819",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-29T23:07:28.183",
"last_edit_date": null,
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{
"body": "It’s hard for me to translate 案外役に立つ事がコロッと転がってたりする into Japanese, but I take\nit in the meaning of “You’ll find something lying before you just casually,\nwhich turns out to be helpful to you later in an unexpected way.\n\nコロッと is a colloquial variation of コロリと. コロリ is an onomatopoeia or ideo-phone\nto describe the status of something / someone dropping, falling, or slipping\ndown, like コロリと転ぶ。\n\nと is a postpositional particle to link コロリ and 転ぶ. It’s not a part of コロリ or\nコロッ.\n\nOnomatopoeias as a particle, like キャッキャ、ポキポキ、ドスンドスン are more often than not\ndescribed in カタカナ、but と used as a particle shouldn’t be described in カタカナ.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-30T01:22:29.677",
"id": "30821",
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}
]
| 30808 | 30819 | 30809 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30831",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I asked some Japanese and they said that 今日のうちに is practically useful but\n今日の間に is impractical (never used).\n\nCan anybody here give a confirmation about whether 今日の間に is really impractical\nor not? Please also give me some examples.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-29T14:58:21.130",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30810",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-30T12:18:49.837",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is there any case in which we can use 今日の間に?",
"view_count": 407
} | [
{
"body": "I think 今日の間に is rarely used but 今日中に is in common use.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-29T16:34:49.920",
"id": "30815",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-30T09:02:47.830",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-30T09:02:47.830",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "30810",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "今日の間に(内に) sounds awkward to me. We say 今日中に in the same way as 明日中に、今月中に、昨年中に,\nand don’t say 明日の間に、今月の間に、and rarely say 昨年(一昨年) の間に.\n\nTo me, “… のうちに” looks close to ‘in’ and ‘within’ in English, and “の間に” more\nalike “during.”\n\nWe say ”今日中に仕事を片付ける - We will finish the work (within) today / by the end of\nday,\" and rarely say ”今日の間に仕事を片付ける - We will finish the work during today.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-29T22:40:55.327",
"id": "30817",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-29T22:40:55.327",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "30810",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "I actually do see and hear 「[今日]{きょう}の[間]{あいだ}に」 once in a while, if not very\noften. It may not be as common or even \"proper\" as 「[今日中]{きょうじゅう}に」, but it\nwould be utterly incorrect to say that it is \"never used\" as your friends seem\nto have stated.\n\nIn fact, I just happened to find out that 「今日の間に」 is used as the first\ndefinition of 「今日中」 [in this online\ndictionary](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E4%BB%8A%E6%97%A5%E4%B8%AD).\n\nIt is not a phrase that I recommend that Japanese-learners use actively, but\nit sure exists and it is a fact.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-30T12:18:49.837",
"id": "30831",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-30T12:18:49.837",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "30810",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 30810 | 30831 | 30815 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30813",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "How would you express the concept of \"sphere\" or \"world\" in Japanese? For\nexample, \"Anglosphere\" or \"Indian speaking world\". Is there a repeating\npattern or suffix for this purpose, or are there just specific words for these\nterms?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-29T16:06:26.683",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30812",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-29T17:28:22.913",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11176",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"suffixes"
],
"title": "How would you express \"sphere\" or \"world\" in the Japanese language?",
"view_count": 1241
} | [
{
"body": "The most common word and character associated for this kind of usage is\n[圏]{けん}.\n\nAnglosphere would be [英語圏]{えいごけん}, and a common term to refer to the East\nAsian cultural sphere is [漢字文化圏]{かんじぶんかけん} which encompasses China, Japan,\nKorea and Vietnam.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-29T16:15:30.233",
"id": "30813",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-29T16:15:30.233",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "30812",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
},
{
"body": "There's 圏 as in e.g.\n[漢字文化圏（かんじぶんかけん）](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%8F)\nand [英語圏（えいごけん）](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AA%9E%E5%9C%8F).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-29T16:20:33.187",
"id": "30814",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-29T16:20:33.187",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7301",
"parent_id": "30812",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "There is also the word [分野]{ぶん・や} that means field/realm/sphere.\n\nSome examples\n\n> * 研究分野 → field of research\n> * 彼は物理学の分野でよく知られている → He is well-known in the field of physics\n> * 彼は彫刻の分野では第一人者だ → He is second to none in the world of sculpture.\n>\n\nAlso the suffix 〜[界]{かい}.\n\n> * 政界 → the political world\n> * 芸能界 → the entertainment world; show businesses\n> * 業界 → the business world\n>\n\n* * *\n\n_Examples taken from プログレッシブ英和・和英中辞典 and ウィズダム英和辞典._",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-29T17:28:22.913",
"id": "30816",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-29T17:28:22.913",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "30812",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 30812 | 30813 | 30813 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30825",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "examples:\n\n> (1) The book is on the desk. \n> (2) I went to my favorite cafe. \n> (3) This present is for her.\n\nthe prepositional phrases / 前置詞句{ぜんちしく}:\n\n> (1) ... on the desk. \n> (2) ... to my favorite cafe. \n> (3) ... for her.\n\nthe prepositions / 前置詞{ぜんちし}:\n\n> (1) on; \n> (2) to; \n> (3) for;\n\nthe prepositional objects:\n\n> (1) desk; \n> (2) cafe; \n> (3) her;\n\nWhat is the formal linguistic term for a **prepositional object** in Japanese?\n\nMy native speaker sources suggested \"前置詞句の目的語\" and \"前置詞句の補語\", but they\nadmitted to being unsure.",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-30T00:57:50.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30820",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-30T10:17:07.750",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-30T04:21:06.297",
"last_editor_user_id": "10547",
"owner_user_id": "10547",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Formal linguistic term for a \"prepositional object\"?",
"view_count": 143
} | [
{
"body": "I've heard ''前置詞の目的語''. \nIt means the partner of the prepositional, not a role in a sentence. \n \n''前置詞の目的語'' can be used even when the prepositional phrase is not regarded as\na kind of the object in the sentence. \n\n> I'm waiting for _her._ \n> I made a cake for _my children_ with _her._ \n> I'm interesting in _ethnic food_. \n>\n\nThese words in italics are all ''前置詞の目的語''.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-30T08:11:50.827",
"id": "30825",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-30T08:11:50.827",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11654",
"parent_id": "30820",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 30820 | 30825 | 30825 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30824",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The negative form of 止{と}まる (to stop) is **止まらない** , and the negative\npotential form is 止まれない.\n\nHowever, I've noticed that **止まらない** can be used in the sense of 止まれない. For\nexample, the OP for One Punch Man goes like this:\n\n> ONE PUNCH!\n>\n> (Three! Two! One! Kill shot!)\n>\n> 参{さん}上{じょう}！ 必{ひっ}勝{しょう}！ 至{し}上{じょう} 最{さい}強{きょう}!\n>\n> なんだってんだ？ フラストレーション 俺{おれ}は **止まらない** (meaning: Nobody can stop me)\n>\n> <http://www.lyrical-nonsense.com/lyrics/jam-project/the-hero-ikareru-\n> kobushi-ni-hi-wo-tsukero/#page=Japanese>\n\nOther examples:\n\n 2. \"Help! I can't stop!\" = 「助{たす}けて。 **止まらない** 。」<http://japanese.about.com/blpod021101.htm>\n\n 3. The song 涙{なみだ}が **止まらない** 放{ほう}課{か}後{ご} is translated as \"Unstoppable Tears After School\". Wouldn't \"Unstoppable Tears\" mean 涙が止まれない? <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namida_ga_Tomaranai_H%C5%8Dkago>\n\nWhy is this so? Are there other verbs that behave like this?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-30T03:54:57.180",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30823",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-30T08:12:33.063",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-30T04:09:16.067",
"last_editor_user_id": "11849",
"owner_user_id": "11849",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations",
"song-lyrics",
"potential-form"
],
"title": "とまらない in One Punch Man OP meaning とまれない (negative potential)",
"view_count": 800
} | [
{
"body": "Well, it appears to me that you're confused with the transitivity of 止まる.\nWhile the English word \"stop\" is used both transitively (as in \"I stopped the\ntaxi.\") and intransitively (as in \"Then the taxi stopped.\"), 止まる is _always\nintransitive_. The transitive version is 止める, and its potential form is 止められる.\n\nSo 俺は止まらない just means \"I don't stop\" or \"I will never stop.\" The translation\nin the linked site, \"Nobody can stop me,\" is a kind of free translation.\n\nAnd 「助けて、止まらない」 means \"Help! This [car/horse/machine/etc] won't stop!\", not \"I\ncan't stop [something]!\" (I don't think English speakers usually say \"This car\ncan't stop!\" either, but correct me if I'm wrong)\n\n涙が止まらない is a natural way to say \"tears keep falling down\", but 涙が止まれない sounds\nvery unnatural, because tears don't have their own will and they don't move or\nstop actively. (私が)涙を止められない makes sense.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-30T06:27:43.130",
"id": "30824",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-30T08:12:33.063",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-30T08:12:33.063",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "30823",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 30823 | 30824 | 30824 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30829",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is it okay to separate adjectives with a comma? Since my sentence has three\nadjectives, I added them just like how we would in English to separate a list\ncontaining three or more items (no comma if the list contains only two).\n\n> 彼の彼女は綺麗で、親切で、背が高いです。\n>\n> His girlfriend is beautiful, kind, and tall.\n\nIs there an equivalent rule regarding comma usage in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-30T08:30:54.677",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30826",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-31T05:57:35.483",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1346",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"orthography",
"adjectives",
"coordination"
],
"title": "Comma between adjectives?",
"view_count": 226
} | [
{
"body": "There are [basic rules](http://bunsyou.net/kouza1/12toten.html) about the use\nof commas in Japanese but these are not absolute.\n\nI think a writer can use commas as they like to make a sentence easier to\nread.\n\nAnd I don't think there is a clear rule in Japanese as you say.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-30T09:46:30.323",
"id": "30829",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-31T05:57:35.483",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-31T05:57:35.483",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "30826",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 30826 | 30829 | 30829 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30833",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In this link, [Past Unreal\nConditional](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/25179/past-unreal-\nconditional/25186#comment62906_25186), user l'électeur has given an answer\npointing to the tense issues in the original sentence given in the question,\nstating that ていた needs to be used instead of た:\n\n> あのとき右に曲がれば、どうなっただろう。\n>\n> If I had turned right back then, I wonder what would have happened.\n\nl'électeur has given the following corrected sentences:\n\n> 「あのとき右に **曲がっていたのなら（ば）** 、どう **なっていた** （の）だろう(or のであろう)。」\n>\n> or\n>\n> 「あのとき右に **曲がっていれば** (or **いたら** )、どう **なっていた** （の）だろう(or のであろう)。」\n\nHowever, I would like to know **why exactly ていた and not just た must be used\nfor both 曲がる and なる**. I am aware that ていた expresses a state while た focuses\non the action, but I simply cannot comprehend why one would choose to focus on\n\"the state of turning right\" rather than regretting his decision of not\n\"taking the action of turning right\".\n\nI have done some research on these tenses myself, and one source I have found\nis the following question, which I have derived the \"state\" vs \"action\" idea\nfrom:\n\n[What is the difference between using ている、ていた、た in relative\nclauses?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/21422/what-is-the-\ndifference-between-\nusing-%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%82%8B-%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%81%9F-%E3%81%9F-in-\nrelative-clauses)",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-30T14:33:31.110",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30832",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-31T01:42:05.260",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11849",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form",
"tense",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "た or ていた? Is \"turned right\" a state or an action?",
"view_count": 267
} | [
{
"body": "I'm going to take a shot at answering this, after l'électeur helped me\nstraighten out some things:\n\n> あのとき右に **曲がれば** 、どう **なった** だろう。\n\nwould probably be fitting for \"If I **turned** right back then, I wonder\n**what events would have taken place**.\" This sentence seems to emphasise the\naction of turning, and the process of resulting actions taking place.\n\n> あのとき右に **曲がっていた** のなら（ば）、どう **なっていた** （の）だろう。\n\nwould probably be fitting for \"If I **had turned** right back then, I wonder\n**what would have happened**.\" This sentence seems to emphasise the state of\n\"had turned\", and the state of affairs that would have resulted.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-30T15:16:32.750",
"id": "30833",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-31T01:42:05.260",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-31T01:42:05.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "11849",
"owner_user_id": "11849",
"parent_id": "30832",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 30832 | 30833 | 30833 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30841",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So I was watching the [Pokemon Super Bowl\nCommercial](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2F46tGehnfo), and around :40\nseconds in I hear the phrase\n\n> ぼくにも出来る\n\nNow I know it basically means \"I can also do that\", but what is the function\nof the に particle here? Wouldn't ぼくも出来る hold the same meaning still?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-30T18:15:30.793",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30835",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-31T02:34:07.597",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-30T18:40:31.047",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "12399",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Use of に in ぼくにも出来る",
"view_count": 449
} | [
{
"body": "> 1)「ボクにもできる。」\n>\n> 2) \"I can also do that.\"\n\nWhile those two sentences may be good \"translations\" for each other, they are\nstructured **very** differently. It is, indeed, \"translation\" that often gets\nin the way of understanding things between the two languages.\n\nThe English sentence clearly has a grammatical subject in \"I\", but the subject\nis unmentioned in the Japanese sentence. 「ボク」 is not the subject of sentence\n#1, believe it or not.\n\n> 「ボクにもできる。」 literally means \"~~ is doable for me, too.\"\n\nThe ~~ part is just not mentioned because it is understood between the speaker\nand listener from the larger context/situation. If one is to actually mention\nand use it in the sentence, one would say:\n\n> 「ボクにも～～ができる。」\n\nNotice that 「ボク」 is still not the subject of that sentence; 「～～」 is. It is\nsaying \"~~ is doable for me, too.\", but only for the sake of naturalness of\nthe translated English sentence, one might use \"I can also do ~~\", \"I can do\n~~, too\", etc.\n\nLong preface, I know, but from my experience with Japanese-learners, I just\nknow how common this misunderstanding is among them.\n\nThus, 「に」 is like \"to\" or \"for\" as in \"X is Y **_to/for_** me\" in English.\nOnce again, this 「に」 does not mark the subject.\n\nThis 「に」 is the signature particle used in phrases such as:\n\n> 「Person + に + わかる/できる/[見]{み}える/[言]{い}える, etc.」\n\nFinally, the 「も」 is there for emphasis. It means \"even\" here.\n\nIn essence, the original sentence literally means:\n\n> \"~~ is doable even for me.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-31T02:13:26.850",
"id": "30841",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-31T02:34:07.597",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-31T02:34:07.597",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "30835",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 30835 | 30841 | 30841 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "This is a trascript from a podcast I was listening to. The woman was asked\nabout what she thought was the hardest aspect in learning english, to which\nshe replied\n\n> 私が困っているのがはつおんですね\n\nSo... why 私が instead of 私に (meaning 'to me'). Not only that but, what is the\nrole in the sentence of 困っているの? It is the continuing action conjugation of 困る\n(to worry) but how does it fit in the sentence? And what is the role of の?\n\nThank you very much.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-30T18:30:25.497",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30836",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-27T04:50:19.940",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-31T06:10:44.327",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12253",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"conjugations",
"cleft-sentences"
],
"title": "Translation help: 私が困っているのがはつおんですね",
"view_count": 284
} | [
{
"body": "私が困っているのが is translated \" what I am troubled with is\" and this \"の\" is used in\na nominalization of a sentence and verbs and so on. For example,\n\"私が勉強しているのは、大学に行くためです\"、\"走るのが嫌いです\"、\"悲しいのが嫌です\". And 私が困る of this sentence is\nthat わたし is subject and 困る is predicate, so が is used because に isn't set\nbehind a subject.\n\nIn addition, if you want to use \"に\", you say 私は、発音に困っています and it's translated\nI am troubled with pronunciation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-31T03:43:05.850",
"id": "30842",
"last_activity_date": "2019-04-27T04:50:19.940",
"last_edit_date": "2019-04-27T04:50:19.940",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "30836",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "私が困っているのが発音ですね can be translated as “What I’m troubled with is pronunciation,”\nin short, “My problem (weak point) is pronunciation.”\n\nYou can replace “のが” with “のは” to mean “What I’m troubled / My problem is.” は\nand が is a postpositional particle to link the subject, 私が困っている - What I'm\ntroubled with to predicate, 発音です.\n\nのが（のは）can be used for examples:\n\n彼の得意な **のは** 英語です - English is his turf.\n\n私の苦手な **のは** 英語です - I'm bad at English.\n\n日本が困っている **のが** 膨大な政府負債です - Japan’s problem is a huge government debt.\n\n私が思案している **のが** 海外留学するか、どうかです – What I’m thinking now is whether I should\nstudy abroad or not.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-31T05:38:33.230",
"id": "30845",
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"owner_user_id": "12056",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 30836 | null | 30842 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30839",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "So this is a sentence I picked from _Hikaru no Go_ , Vol. 1, that I am\nreading.\n\n> どれもこれも **パツ** としないなあ\n\nWhat does パツ mean in this sentence and how do you usually find those kind\nwords? When I searched on [jisho.org](http://jisho.org/) I did not find\nanything.\n\nHere is another sentence:\n\n> バーカ 囲碁だよ 碁盤とか いう **ヤツ** だ\n\nWhat does ヤツ mean in this sentence ?\n\n> 頭 が おもて一 **やつぱ** コレはきのうの...\n\nWhat does やつぱコレ mean in this sentence?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-30T21:02:12.147",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30838",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-31T15:50:01.870",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-31T09:56:09.600",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12400",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"idioms",
"manga"
],
"title": "Hikaru no Go Manga - dialogue question",
"view_count": 384
} | [
{
"body": "That should be 「パ **ッ** 」 with the small 「ッ」 rather than 「パ **ツ** 」 with the\nfull-size 「ツ」.\n\n「パッとしない」 means \"to not be good enough\", \"to not stand out\", etc.\n\n> 「どれもこれもパツとしないなあ」 means\n>\n> \"None of these/those are good enough (for me).\"\n>\n> or \"These/Those are all mediocre.\"\n\nMoving on..\n\n「ヤツ」 here means \"a/the thing\". (Full-size 「ツ」 here.)\n\n> 「バーカ [囲碁]{いご}だよ [碁盤]{ごばん}とか いう ヤツ だ」 =\n>\n> \"You fool, it is Go! That is what they call a Go board! \"\n\nLastly, it is a small 「っ」 again in 「やっぱ」. It is not 「やつぱ」.\n\n「やっぱ」 is a colloquial version of 「やっぱり」, which is already an informal version\nof 「やはり」.\n\nAll three mean \"as I/you/they thought\", \"you see!\", \"after all\", etc. It is a\nword a native speaker uses a dozen times a day.\n\n> 「[頭]{あたま} が おもて一 やつぱコレはきのうの...」 =\n>\n> \"My head feels heavy. You see, this has gotta be ~~~ from yesterday.\"\n\nIt is hard to translate without more context. 「おもてー」 is how 「[重]{おも}たい」 (=\n\"heavy\") is pronounced informally (mostly in Kanto).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-31T01:14:31.470",
"id": "30839",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-31T15:50:01.870",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "30838",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 30838 | 30839 | 30839 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30843",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I noticed a lack of case marking particles in mathematical sentences:\n\n> * １足す２は３である。\n> * ３掛ける４は１２である。\n>\n\n足す and 掛ける are verbs, does subject and object analysis apply to this? Do they\ntake on the numbers as arguments despite not being marked by case particles?\n**What part of speech are 足す and 掛ける? They do not seem to be syntactically\nacting as verbs.**\n\nCompare this with the English version:\n\n> * 1 plus 2 is 3\n> * 3 times 4 is 12\n>\n\nAfter a cursory dictionary search, it is revealed that `plus` and `times` are\nnot verbs, but prepositions. [\"plus 2\" and \"times 4\" are prepositional\nphrases.](http://chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/message/27185395#27185395)\n**It seems that the structure for English is 3(times 4). While the structure\nin Japanese appears to me as (3掛ける)4**\n\n* * *\n\nIf we parse 3 × 4 = 12 into English or Japanese, **does the difference in\ngrammatical syntax result in a different situation?** Which situation comes to\nmind in English and in Japanese?:\n\n> a. 3 × 4 = OOOO + OOOO + OOOO \n> b. 3 × 4 = OOO + OOO + OOO + OOO",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-31T01:56:41.040",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30840",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-28T03:25:31.643",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-31T02:05:41.727",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "542",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax",
"numbers",
"mathematics"
],
"title": "Maths sentences: 足す and 掛ける",
"view_count": 385
} | [
{
"body": "They are not grammatical phrases. We just read the symbols verbatim like:\n\n> [1]{いち} [+]{たす} [2]{に} [=]{は} [3]{さん}\n\nIt has nothing different than saying:\n\n> [1]{いち} [+]{プラス} [2]{に} [=]{イコール} [3]{さん}\n\nwhich is also commonly heard. Though we have both [+]{たす／プラス} and\n[−]{ひく／マイナス}, [×]{かける} and [÷]{わる} only have native pronunciations.\n\nSee [this link](https://shoyan.github.io/blog/2016/07/12/sample-of-formula/)\nfor common readings of more advanced expressions including _a [ >]{だいなり} b_\nand _A [⊇]{ふくむ} B_ , which would be `aはbより大きい` and `AはBを含む` if read\ngrammatically.\n\n* * *\n\n> _If we parse 3 × 4 = 12 into English or Japanese, **does the difference in\n> grammatical syntax result in a different situation?** Which situation comes\n> to mind in English and in Japanese?_\n\nIt reminds me of [\"order of multiplication\"\ncontroversy](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%8B%E3%81%91%E7%AE%97%E3%81%AE%E9%A0%86%E5%BA%8F%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C)\nthat was in Japan a while ago, but anyway, according to [Japanese official\nteaching\nguidelines](http://www.mext.go.jp/component/a_menu/education/micro_detail/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2009/06/16/1234931_004_2.pdf),\nmultiplicand comes first and multiplier second, which results in:\n\n> b. 3 × 4 = OOO + OOO + OOO + OOO\n\nBut I'm not sure if this is grammatically elicited, because even when you say\n3に4を掛ける or 3を4に掛ける in natural word order, neither of them has such\nimplication, unless you read it 3を4回掛ける.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-31T04:00:35.393",
"id": "30843",
"last_activity_date": "2020-06-28T03:25:31.643",
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"parent_id": "30840",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
]
| 30840 | 30843 | 30843 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30847",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I saw somewhere today that [電話]{でんわ}[番号]{ばんごう}は何番ですか is used to ask for\nsomeone's phone number. It seemed strange to me since I usually hear it as\n[電話]{でんわ}[番号]{ばんごう}何ですか, and also because the literal translation \"What are\nthe **number** s, in your phone **number**?\" sounds like it has some\nredundancy in it.\n\nSo my question is, which is more common?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-31T05:31:42.840",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30844",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-01T04:56:28.720",
"last_edit_date": "2016-02-01T04:56:28.720",
"last_editor_user_id": "10484",
"owner_user_id": "4287",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"set-phrases",
"counters"
],
"title": "Common ways of asking for someones phone number",
"view_count": 10676
} | [
{
"body": "I think both of your sentences are occasionally used but the most common way\nof saying it is \"電話番号を教えてください\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-31T07:45:23.907",
"id": "30846",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-31T15:43:49.610",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-31T15:43:49.610",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "30844",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "あなたの電話番号は何番ですか? is a common way of asking someone’s telephone number. We don’t\nhave distinction of singular and plural form as you know. So its direct\ntranslation would be “What (number) is your telephone number? We don’t think\nit’s redundant.\n\nI think 貴方の電話, 何番ですか？is passable. But “貴方の電話番号は何ですか？” sounds weird and odd to\nme. You can also say “(あなたの)電話番号を教えて頂けますか？” in polite manner.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-31T09:07:55.037",
"id": "30847",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-31T09:07:55.037",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "30844",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "The 番 in 番号 is a part of the noun. The 番 in [何番]{なん・ばん} is a counter suffix\n([助数詞]{じょ・すう・し}). Although these two 番s are same in kanji and pronunciation,\ntheir roles and nuances in a sentence are different.\n\nIt's common for native Japanese speakers to use counter suffixes, even if it\nsounds repetitive in a sentence.\n\nFor example, when someone goes to a bank which has a ticket dispenser for\nwaiting line management, he may hear an announcement like this:\n\n>\n> 「お[待]{ま}たせいたしました。[受付]{うけ・つけ}番号[１５１]{ひゃく・ごじゅう・いち}[番]{ばん}の番号[札]{ふだ}をお[持]{も}ちのお[客様]{きゃく・さま}、[３]{さん}番[窓口]{まど・ぐち}までお[越]{こ}しください。」\n\nThis sentence contains four 番s, but it sounds natural and decent for most\nnative Japanese speakers. Using counter suffixes in this way is a custom in\nJapanese language. A word with a counter suffix helps imagine the meaning very\nwell and prevents ambiguity.\n\nCounter suffixes clarify the meaning of a sentence. If another counter suffix\nis used, the meaning of a sentence changes totally. For example,\n\n> 電話番号は何番ですか？ ＝ What is your phone number?\n>\n> 電話番号は[何件]{なん・けん}ですか？ ＝ How many phone numbers (are there)?\n>\n> 電話番号は[何個]{なん・こ}ですか？ ＝ How many phone numbers (are there)?\n>\n> 電話番号は[何桁]{なん・けた}ですか？ ＝ How many digits does the phone number have?\n\nSo, using a proper counter suffix is very important in Japanese language.\n\nIf you would google\n[“電話番号は何”](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%22%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1%E7%95%AA%E5%8F%B7%E3%81%AF%E4%BD%95%22&oq=%22%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1%E7%95%AA%E5%8F%B7%E3%81%AF%E4%BD%95%22&aqs=chrome..69i57j0l2.4237j0j8&sourceid=chrome&es_sm=91&ie=UTF-8)\nor\n[“電話番号何”](https://www.google.co.jp/search?q=%22%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1%E7%95%AA%E5%8F%B7%E4%BD%95%22&oq=%22%E9%9B%BB%E8%A9%B1%E7%95%AA%E5%8F%B7%E4%BD%95%22&aqs=chrome..69i57.360j0j9&sourceid=chrome&es_sm=91&ie=UTF-8),\nyou would see that many people usually add the counter suffix 番 to the\nexpression when they ask a phone number.\n\n何 without 番 is usually used in a situation where someone asks the purpose or\nthe meaning of a phone number, or where someone asks multiple things in a\nsentence.\n\nExample 1:\n\n> Person A「[０１２０]{ぜろ・いち・にー・ぜろ}で始まる電話番号は **何** ですか？」\n>\n> Person B「フリーダイヤルです。」\n\nExample 2:\n\n> Person A「[３桁]{さん・けた}電話番号で、[１７１]{いち・なな・いち}って **何** ですか？」\n>\n> Person B「[災害用伝言ダイヤル](https://www.ntt-east.co.jp/saigai/voice171/)です。」\n\nExample 3:\n\n> Person A「住所と電話番号は **何** ですか？」\n>\n> Person B「名簿で確認します。」\n\nThere are various expressions to ask a phone number in Japanese, actually. I\nselected some common expressions (including those which other users suggest in\ntheir answers and comments, in case you wonder) and placed them in politeness-\ndegree order: 〔１〕 is not polite (doesn't mean rude. It can be nice and\nfriendly if said nicely in an appropriate situation.), 〔９〕 is very polite or\nwell-professionally polite, and 〔２〕〜〔８〕 are inbetween.\n\n> 〔１〕「電話番号[何]{なに}？」(very casual)\n>\n> 〔２〕「電話番号[何番]{なん・ばん}？」／「電話番号教えて。」(casual)\n>\n> 〔３〕「電話番号、[聞]{き}いてもいい？」(nicer casual)\n>\n> 〔４〕「電話番号は[何]{なん}ですか？」(translation-from-other-language or simple keigo)\n>\n> 〔５〕「電話番号を教えてください。」(guide-like or direction-like keigo)\n>\n> 〔６〕「電話番号は何番ですか？」(friendly keigo)\n>\n> 〔７〕「電話番号、聞いてもいいですか？」(friendly keigo)\n>\n> 〔８〕「電話番号を教えていただけますか？」(formal keigo)\n>\n> 〔９〕「お電話番号をお伺いできますでしょうか？」(very formal keigo)\n\nSo, which the most common expression is depends on what politeness-degree\nsomeone is familiar with in one's daily life. Anyway, in many cases, using a\nproper counter suffix is nicer and more decent than not-using it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-01T04:55:53.420",
"id": "30865",
"last_activity_date": "2016-02-01T04:55:53.420",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "10484",
"parent_id": "30844",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 30844 | 30847 | 30846 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30852",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Can someone please help me to understand these sentences from the Tobira\ntextbook?\n\n秋田市の「竿燈祭り」、仙台市の「七夕祭り」、そして青森市の「ねぶた祭り」。 **どの**\n祭りもすごいスケール！毎年、日本だけじゃなくて、海外からも観光客がたくさん来るし、とても人気のある祭りだよ。\n\nI am confused about this sentence どの祭りもすごいスケール！. I've never really understood\nhow どの is used outside of a question, so I'm not sure what it means here. I\nthink it might mean something like, each of (the three) festivals is very\nlarge?\n\nHow specifically are どの and も functioning in this sentence?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-31T15:12:58.363",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30850",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-31T15:52:50.220",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-31T15:32:29.627",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "11296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particles"
],
"title": "Meaning and use of どの when not in a question",
"view_count": 625
} | [
{
"body": "> どの+noun+も+positive predicate = every noun ... \n> どの+noun+も+negative predicate = no noun ...\n\nSo in this case:\n\n> Every/each festival is of a grand scale.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-31T15:45:11.817",
"id": "30851",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-31T15:45:11.817",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "「どの」＝「いずれの」 = \" _ **each and every**_ (one of the items mentioned)\"\n\n> 「どの + Noun + も + Verb or Adjective Phrase」 =\n>\n> \"Every (noun) [that have been mentioned] is/does ~~~.\"\n\nThis 「も」 does **not** mean \"also\". It expresses the _**complete kind of\naffirmation or negation**_. In other words, it is saying that there is no\nexception (to what one is saying).\n\n> 「どの[祭]{まつ}りもすごいスケール！」 = \"Each festival is of an awesome scale!\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-31T15:52:50.220",
"id": "30852",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-31T15:52:50.220",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "30850",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 30850 | 30852 | 30852 |
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