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{
"accepted_answer_id": "29976",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> ### 合併\n>\n> ②〔法〕複数の会社が一つになる組織再編行為。会社の権利義務を既存の別会社に承継 **させる** 吸収合併と、新設する会社に承継 **させる**\n> 新設合併とがある。\n>\n> (Law) The process through which different companies become one. The merger\n> which let the administration privileges to another pre-existing company and\n> the new company which the new coalition makes (the administration\n> privileges) inherit.\n\nAm I wrong? \nHow could I parse this?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-21T15:44:24.077",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29975",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-21T17:38:34.240",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"causation"
],
"title": "Causative relative sentence",
"view_count": 103
} | [
{
"body": "English vs Japanese causative\n\n> English: _I made him eat worms._\n>\n> Japanese: 私が彼に虫を食べさせた。\n\nIn other words:\n\n> _A_ makes _B_ do _V_ _V obj_ = _A_ が _B_ に _V obj_ を _V_ させる\n\nThe important part is that, in causative structure, **what を attaches to is\nthe object of the action** , but not the causee (who is enforced). **The\ncausee is marked by に**.\n\nThus, the given passage should be translated as:\n\n> The reorganization process through which different companies become one.\n> There are: absorption-type merger, which lets another pre-existing company\n> inherit the company's legal rights and obligations; and consolidation-type\n> merger, which lets a new company inherit them.\n\n(The legal information provided is, at best, of a general nature and cannot\nsubstitute for the advice of a licensed professional blah blah...)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-21T16:36:20.793",
"id": "29976",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-21T17:38:34.240",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "29975",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 29975 | 29976 | 29976 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29979",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/9tbHf.png)\n\nI was watching a Japanese YouTube video and the ending screen that says the\nusual ご視聴ありがとうございます followed by talking about what the next video was going to\nbe, etc... I understand the context of this sentence, except for that darn\nverb with the scribble character. My guess is that it's some kind of ichidan\nverb, based on the よう part. For the life of me I cannot identify the kanji\nused here though. Help?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-21T18:17:15.450",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29978",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-21T22:29:18.143",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12000",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"writing-identification"
],
"title": "What on Earth is this kanji character?",
"view_count": 2393
} | [
{
"body": "# [纏](http://tangorin.com/kanji/%E7%BA%8F)\n\nAnd the caption says:\n\n> 一回に纏めようと思ったんですが無理でした。\n\n...and likely to be typeset in [AR\nPOP4B](http://designpocket.jp/dl_font_category/detail.aspx?bid=3108).\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xqckz.jpg)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-21T18:23:40.170",
"id": "29979",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-21T18:42:12.323",
"last_edit_date": "2015-12-21T18:42:12.323",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "29978",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 15
},
{
"body": "The kanji and Hiragana part you are asking - 纏め is pronounced \"matome,\" and\nmeans to \"put together.\" 纏め is a noun, and its verb form is 纏める.The whole\nsentence - 一回に纏めようと思ったんですが、無理でした means \"I wished to put them (everything)\ntogether at once, but I couldn't. 纏 is also known as a decorated pole sign of\nfirefighters' identifying their team name in Edo era. I don't think the\ncharacter, 纏 is included in 当用漢字 the list of regular use kanji, and many are\ndifficult for today's young people to read. So it's no wonder for non-native\nJapanese have difficulty in reading.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-21T22:21:00.743",
"id": "29985",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-21T22:29:18.143",
"last_edit_date": "2015-12-21T22:29:18.143",
"last_editor_user_id": "9749",
"owner_user_id": "12003",
"parent_id": "29978",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
]
| 29978 | 29979 | 29979 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29991",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 同じ怒られるタイプなら、はまじやブー太郎 **のほうがスッキリしていていい** じゃない \n> If you're the same \"getting told off\" type (as Nagasawa), Hamaji and Buu\n> Tarou's side feels refreshing and is good, isn't it?\n\nIs the grammar as straight forward as my translation or does のほうが link up with\nいい to mean \"better\" in some sense? I also wasn't sure if -ていい was doing\nsomething like -てもいい suggesting that she is **allowed** to feel refreshed.\n\nContext: The speaker believes that there are two types of people who always\nget told off. Nagasawa belongs to one type and both Hamaji and Buu Taro belong\nto the other type.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-21T19:14:00.300",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29981",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-22T10:31:08.220",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is this a real grammar structure のほうがverb-ていい",
"view_count": 217
} | [
{
"body": "No, のほうが does not link up with いい.\n\nI would translate this as\n\n> As long as you're the type to get yelled at, isn't it better to be nice and\n> crisp like Hamaji and Buu Tarou?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-21T20:05:18.310",
"id": "29982",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-21T20:05:18.310",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"parent_id": "29981",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "This sentence can be technically parsed in more than one way. But in the last\nhalf of this sentence, I feel there are one verbal phrase (スッキリしている) and one\nadjective (いい) combined with て, _sharing the same subject_ (はまじやブー太郎のほう).\n\nIn other words, the sentence is saying \"はまじやブー太郎のほうがスッキリしている\" **and thus**\n\"はまじやブー太郎のほうがいい\". And yes, the latter part means Hamaji and Buu Taro are\n_better_ (than Nagasawa, who is not スッキリしている).\n\nBy the way, this スッキリしている refers to their characters (ie, スッキリした性格をしている).\nスッキリした性格 is a synonym of\n[さばさばした性格／さっぱりした性格](http://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E3%81%95%E3%81%B0%E3%81%95%E3%81%B0%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F%E6%80%A7%E6%A0%BC),\nand roughly means \"not to be mentally affected easily\" or \"to be quick to\nrecover from gloomy moods\" in this situation. I said this because I don't know\nif _refreshing_ has such a connotation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-22T10:25:48.410",
"id": "29991",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-22T10:31:08.220",
"last_edit_date": "2015-12-22T10:31:08.220",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "29981",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 29981 | 29991 | 29991 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across a sentence that doesn't make sense no matter how I try to break\nit up. The context is a person's reply to a question about cutting their hair.\n\n切るタイミング逃しちゃっただけ。\n\nI'm not 100% sure whether the や and つ are little or big from the handwriting,\nbut I'm pretty sure the above is correct.\n\nThe first and last parts are easy.\n\n切る タイミング ... だけ。\n\nHowever, I'm not aware of any words that follow up a 逃 with し, so I suppose\nmaybe it stands alone. In that case it's probably:\n\n切る タイミング 逃 し ちゃった だけ。\n\nHowever, I usually see し at the end of the sentence terminating a list.\n\n(On a side note, I'm not sure how the English word is being used here either.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-21T21:43:01.353",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29983",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-21T22:17:39.043",
"last_edit_date": "2015-12-21T22:17:39.043",
"last_editor_user_id": "9749",
"owner_user_id": "11999",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations"
],
"title": "Possible use of isolated し?",
"view_count": 164
} | [
{
"body": "逃し is `のがし` from [逃]{のが}す. 逃しちゃった is a contraction of 逃してしまった. So this し is\njust okurigana, not a standalone particle.",
"comment_count": 12,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-21T21:46:33.660",
"id": "29984",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-21T21:46:33.660",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "78",
"parent_id": "29983",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 29983 | null | 29984 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29987",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been trying to understand lyrics of a j-pop song by Utada Hikaru. It's\nyour typical pop fare, with a healthy dose of unrequited love and self-\naffirmation. At one point in lyrics, however, the story takes a weird turn:\n\n```\n\n 幸せになろう\n 言い訳は無用\n 遠回りしてでも…(ヲー!)\n 待ち合わせしよう\n 跳び箱の向こう\n 両手でしっかりと…\n \n```\n\nWhat is that _vaulting horse_ doing there?! The naive interpretation is that\nthe whole story is happening in a school setting, and it's a literal\nreference. I'm guessing that 跳び箱 might have been used to mean an\nobstacle/hurdle to overcome - together with subsequent practical advice on how\nto vault it. I just haven't met any idiom like this before. Is it an actual\nphrase/idiom, or just _licentia poetica_? :)\n\nFull lyrics are [here](http://j-lyric.net/artist/a001c7c/l0017d5.html) if you\nneed more context.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-22T00:35:26.387",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29986",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-22T01:12:21.153",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "1550",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "跳び箱 as a synonym for a obstacle?",
"view_count": 138
} | [
{
"body": "I do not know this song, but from reading the lyrics, I agree that the 跳び箱\n(the vault used in gymnastics) is used metaphorically to refer to an obstacle.\nAs far as I know, 跳び箱 is not commonly used figuratively to mean obstacles, but\nlyrics are not restricted to use only established expressions. Moreover, if it\nwere used literally, it would mean that the speaker specifies “behind the\nvault” as a meeting place, which sounds quite odd to me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-22T01:12:21.153",
"id": "29987",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-22T01:12:21.153",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "15",
"parent_id": "29986",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 29986 | 29987 | 29987 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29990",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm adding subtitles (for a friend) to a Saiyuki drama CD accompanied by a\nvideo. The video has captions at different points to explain what is going on\nin the opening scene:\n\n00:22 －引き返してきたヘイゼルとー\n\n00:29 ー再び見まえた三蔵一行ー\n\n00:35 －一時の休息の間にー\n\n00:55 ー悟空が何者か攻撃を受けるー\n\n01:00 ー三蔵の眼の前で、－\n\nThe first two parts are where I'm having issues. It seems the と here is\nconnecting the nouns ヘイゼル and 三蔵一行, but they are described by 引き返してきた and\n再び見まえた. In my quest to translate these into English though, it sounds wrong to\nput, \"Hazel, who came back, and the Sanzo party, which ran into him, were\ntaking a quick break when Goku was attacked in front of Sanzo's eyes.\"\n\nSomehow, I'm missing something. It could be with the whole 見まえた part. I feel\nlike ～まえた is しまった in some dialect, but I could be wrong.\n\nI'm not asking for a translation, of course. I'm just trying to figure out\nwhat is going on here.\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-22T02:08:58.070",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29988",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-22T02:36:18.367",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12000",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Any help connecting two sentences? (for subtitle creation)",
"view_count": 149
} | [
{
"body": "```\n\n { [ (引き返してきた →) ヘイゼル ] と再び見まえた → } 三蔵一行\n Sanzo party { ← which confronted [ Hazel ( ← who came back ) ] }\n \n```\n\nI think 見まえる here is probably a (common) misspelling for\n[まみえる](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%BE%E3%81%BF%E3%81%88%E3%82%8B) (=meet,\nconfront). This と is simply an ordinary particle used with\nまみえる/会う/待ち合わせをする/etc. (eg 明日彼 **と** 会う = \"meet him tomorrow\")\n\nOf course due to the different word order of the two languages, the literal\ntranslation above won't work in your case. Rephrase it as you like, for\nexample, \"Hazel's Return\" and \"Sanzo Party Confronts Hazel Again\".",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-22T02:36:18.367",
"id": "29990",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-22T02:36:18.367",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "29988",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 29988 | 29990 | 29990 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30027",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「おれは...」と田中が言えば、「おれは...」と吉田が言った。\n\nLiterally, \"if Tanaka could say ... then Yoshida said ...\".\n\nWhat is the meaning of this structure? I've seen Aと言えば to mean \"speaking of\nA\", but that doesn't seem to work here. Also Aと言えばB \"When you think of A, then\nB\" doesn't make much sense either.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-22T11:31:13.277",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29993",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-24T04:52:31.083",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "Confusing use of と言えば",
"view_count": 1190
} | [
{
"body": "I think you are confused with the two usages of と言えば in different contexts. \n\n 1. Presentation of the topic \n東京と言えば東京タワーは見逃せない (Speaking of Tokyo / When it comes to Tokyo, we can't miss\nTokyo Tower) \n\n 2. if \n僕が「好きだよ」と言えば、彼女は「私も」と返事をするだろう (If I say \"I like you\", she would reply \"me\ntoo\".",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-24T04:52:31.083",
"id": "30027",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-24T04:52:31.083",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10264",
"parent_id": "29993",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 29993 | 30027 | 30027 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "29995",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> じゃあんたはなりたいか\n\nIs this the same as じゃあんたは何になりたいか but with 何 implied? I'm thinking it might be\nlike in English where a teacher might say to a child \"and you want to be ...?\"\nwith rising intonation, expecting the child to complete the sentence by saying\n\"a doctor\" for example.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-22T12:17:05.817",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29994",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-22T12:45:47.090",
"last_edit_date": "2015-12-22T12:45:47.090",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"questions",
"ellipsis"
],
"title": "Question word ellipsis",
"view_count": 109
} | [
{
"body": "It doesn't sounds to me like there would be an implied 何 there. I think it\nmeans just literally \"well then, do you want to become [one]?\"\n\nWould be easier to say for sure with some context about the conversation, i.e.\nwere they talking about becoming something specific before that.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-22T12:38:36.417",
"id": "29995",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-22T12:38:36.417",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "20",
"parent_id": "29994",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 29994 | 29995 | 29995 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30000",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The origins of my interest in the Japanese language is something that natives\noften ask about, but I'm always having trouble with the grammar for answering\nthat and want to rest this case once and for all.\n\nFor example, I might want to say that I've had an interest in the Japanese\nculture since middle school, and therefore have been studying Japanese for\nquite a while. My first attempt would be:\n\n> 中学の頃から日本の文化に興味を持っていたことはあるので、日本語の勉強はずいぶん前からやったことがあります。\n\nHowever, that feels grammatically a bit off and I'm not quite sure how to make\nit better. What's the problem here?\n\nAnother common case is this; Originally I started studying Japanese to be able\nto play games in it, and I've been studying for five years now. What I'd say\nfrom the top of my head is the following:\n\n> もともとはゲームを日本語にやれるために日本語の勉強を始めたんだが、もう五年間を勉強したことはあります。\n\nThis is probably alright in a conversation, but I don't really know which word\nto use for playing games, the 始めたんだ seems slightly incorrect in this context,\nand I have no idea whether the part after the comma is proper Japanese or not.\nIt seems a bit repetitive at any rate. As I don't want to have any doubt in\nthe vocabulary or sentence structures I'm using, I would like to know which\nparts should be corrected, if any?\n\nI'm also not entirely sure whether this type of question is allowed here or if\nit's too broad, so let me know about that as well.\n\nThank you so much!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-22T13:45:07.437",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "29996",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-23T05:26:14.103",
"last_edit_date": "2015-12-23T05:26:14.103",
"last_editor_user_id": "7810",
"owner_user_id": "11990",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"aspect"
],
"title": "How to say that I've had an interest in the Japanese culture since x?",
"view_count": 2836
} | [
{
"body": "The biggest problem throughout your Japanese is, you're using `ことがある` as the\ncounterpart of `have V-ed`. Yes, it sounds off because what it exactly tells\nis \"you have ever done and right now you are not doing\". Thus your first piece\nshould be like:\n\n> 中学の頃から日本の文化に興味を持っていたので、日本語の勉強はずいぶん前からやっていました。\n\nBut strictly speaking, this sentence thematizes 日本語の勉強, so best used in answer\nto whoever mentions your Japanese studying, e.g. \"How long have you been\nlearning Japanese?\", \"Wow, you must've worked hard in your Japanese!\" etc.\nOtherwise, the は is better to be deleted:\n\n> 中学の頃から日本の文化に興味を持っていたので、ずいぶん前から日本語を勉強していました。 (I also switched word order for\n> the sake of naturalness here.)\n\nNow, the second one should be:\n\n> もともとはゲームを日本語でやれるように（日本語の）勉強を始めたんですが、もう五年間勉強しています。\n\n * \"In Japanese\" is 日本語 **で** (with [most of the verbs](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/6304/7810)). 日本語 **に** means \"into Japanese\".\n * やれる + ために is redundant. You could use either やるために or やれるように.\n * Temporal adverbial \"for _timespan_ \" doesn't need case particles.\n * が, け(れ)ど(も) and から are \"coordinative\"; they need agreement in politeness before and after them.\n\nElsewhere, your Japanese seems already very well. Hope you keep enjoying\nstudying Japanese ---- and feel free to point out my English errors...\n\n* * *\n\n**PS** \nIf I were to tell the same thing as your second sentence I'd go like (quite\ncolloquial):\n\n> もともとゲームを日本語でしたくて勉強を始めてから、もう五年になります。",
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| 29996 | 30000 | 30000 |
{
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"body": "I'm trying to figure out the meaning of 友情タッグで経験値一杯 in the following sentence.\nAnd how does it connects to the latter part.\n\n> 「えぇもう、こっとんとは友達ですよ。親友の域までいつ到着してもおかしくないくらいです。そうしたら、 **友情タッグで経験値一杯**\n> 、ますます部活に精が出るってなもんです」\n>\n> 「あれ、琴子も同じ部活だったんだ？」\n>\n> 「いや、そういうわけじゃ無いですけど、気分の問題です。ハンペンと同じですね。キブンは大事でおいしいです！」\n\nThe way I can understand this passage - \"And when we do(become a best\nfriends), we'll put more and more efforts to the club activities, getting lots\nof experience points from friendship tag, or something like that(ってなもんです).\".\n\nNot sure if it is a good way to translate ってなもんです, but I hope it reflects the\nmeaning.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "Meaning of phrase 「友情タッグで経験値一杯」",
"view_count": 222
} | [
{
"body": "The dialogue made me lol in post-midnight.\n\n友情タッグで経験値一杯 is likely to be a reference to some kind of video game, such as\n[パワプロ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jikky%C5%8D_Powerful_Pro_Yaky%C5%AB_series),\nwhere you can [gain extra XP boost by training with high friendship\ncharacters](http://pawapuro.xyz/archives/201506130035/) (タッグ means \"tag-\nteaming\"). The connection to other parts are quite loose because of the\ncolloquial nature, but you can consider it as a sentence adverbial.\n\nってなもんです here can be rephrased as というものです, but maybe difficult to find a\nmeaningful English translation anyway. It's something like intensifier such as\n\"that's what I call\" or \"for sure\".\n\nA very, very loose translation might be like:\n\n> ...Once we do, we'll go archon mode and power overwhelming, more and more\n> energy to club activities, you bet!\n\nBy the way, [ハンペン](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanpen) in the last line is a\nkind of [surimi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surimi), so that キブン has a\ndouble meaning of 気分 and [紀文](http://www.kibun.co.jp) (a major company\nproducing surimi).",
"comment_count": 1,
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| 29998 | 30001 | 30001 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30005",
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"body": "> 「―――八人目は良かった。帰ったらもう一度やってみよう」 \n> **黄理は今夜殺めて回ったうちの一人、三十余人の中で最も迅速に仕留められた手段を思い返す。** \n> そこには楽しみも苦しみもない。 七夜黄理には、そういった感情が欠落している。 \n> 故に彼は七夜の当主に相応しい。 \n> 殺人を愉しむのでもなく恐れるのでもなく。ただ行為として没頭できる事が、殺人鬼としての天性なのだ。\n>\n> [The eighth one went down pretty good. When we get home I'll try again] \n> **Kiri Nanaya...** \n> In that there is no enjoyment nor regret. \n> Nanaya Shiki Lacks those emotions. \n> That is why is well fit for the position of family head. \n> Without enjoying killing nor fearing it. Simply as an act in which he can\n> immerse himself is because of his natural predisposition of a killer.\n\n殺めて回った=Is 回る an auxiliary verb here? What does this compound mean? \nうちの一人=One person out of a group \n三十余人の中で=amongst 30 people of the other group \n最も迅速に=Fastest \n仕留められた=To dispose of/ To kill (potential) \n手段=Concrete way to reach a goal. 思い返す=Think back.\n\nI tried to analyze how all of this ties together grammaticaly but I am no\nsure.\n\n> 黄理は今夜殺めて回ったうちの一人、三十余人の中で最も迅速に仕留められた手段を思い返す。 \n> Kiri, tonight one out of the people he killed, amongst those 30 of the\n> other group he thinks back about the fastest way he was able to kill.\n\nSo rephrasing that\n\n> Tonight amongst the 30 members of the other group he thinks back about the\n> one of those who he killed with the fastest method.\n\nCould It be parsed like this?\n\n今夜殺めて回ったうちの一人 and 三十余人の中で最も迅速に仕留められた手段 are coordinates and both of them\ntogether are the Direct object of 思い返す.\n\nI do not understand why after \n黄理は今夜殺めて回ったうちの一人 \nthere is no conjunction to \n三十余人の中で最も迅速に仕留められた手段. \nI would think there would be some conjunction.",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Help understanding the grammar of this sentence",
"view_count": 429
} | [
{
"body": "回る: _around_ (as in _go around_ , _shop around_ )\n\n> 15 動詞の連用形に付いて、 **そのあたりを…する** 、 **あちこち…する** 意を表す。「のたうち―・る」「走り―・る」「逃げ―・る」\n\n殺して回る = go around and kill\n\n余: _a little over ～_ , _a bit more than ～_\n\n> ４ 数を表す語に付いて、 **その数より少し多い** 意を表す。おおよその数を示してその端数を漠然という場合に用いる。…あまり。「二十―年の労苦」\n\n三十余人 = thirty-some people, (a little) over 30 people\n\n* * *\n\nAs for the basic structure of the sentence, 黄理 is the subject, 思い返す is the\nverb, and the remainder is the long object of 思い返す.\n\n> 黄理は[今夜殺めて回ったうちの一人、三十余人の中で最も迅速に仕留められた手段]を思い返す。\n\n * 今夜殺めて回ったうちの一人: one of those whom he went around and killed tonight\n * (三十余人の中で最も迅速に仕留められた→)手段: the method by which he could kill the quickest among over 30 people\n\nThe comma after 一人 indicates the author is rephrasing the part before it.\nHonestly, I feel this part is a bit awkward, because the author is rephrasing\n一人 to 手段 . But we can get the meaning, anyway.",
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| 29999 | 30005 | 30005 |
{
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"body": "There is a variety of words such as ”友” ”相棒” ”仲間”, etc. to describe a person\nas a friend or partner.\n\nIs there a casual way to call out your friend in Japanese, _instead_ of having\nto call his/her name everytime? Ex. English : Man, Guys, Bro, etc.\n\nMostly, I have only heard one being called by nickname.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-22T22:57:51.953",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"words",
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "\"Hey Bro!\" how to call out friends",
"view_count": 21677
} | [
{
"body": "Although 相棒 is not bad a translation for \"bro\" IMO, we usually don't need\nthose friendship \"pronouns\" because the greeting words in Japanese are diverse\nenough to distinguish those nuances alone, unlike English basically has only\n\"hi\" and \"hey\".\n\nFor example (translation is not decisive, requesting improvements _seriously_\n):\n\n * やあ: \"Hi!\", \"Hi ya!\"\n * よう: \"Hey bro!\", \"Wassup!\"\n * よっ: \"Hey dude!\", \"Hey man!\"\n * おう: \"A-yo!\", \"Hey!\"\n * おっす: (most \"jock\" style) \"Yo!\", \"Howdy!\", \"'Sup?\"\n * おい: \"Hey you!\", \"Yo!\"\n * おーい: \"Hey over here!\", \"Ahoy there!\"\n * どうも: \"Hello!\", \"Hi there!\"\n * やあやあ: \"What ho!\"",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-23T07:04:04.437",
"id": "30009",
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"body": "The accepted answer is correct and the various greetings will be good enough\nin most cases.\n\nHowever, to answer the question directly (just in case it's needed), there\n_are_ some ways of informally addressing people without using their names\n(though it's usually rude or inappropriate unless you're close with them\nand/or the setting is very casual).\n\n * 相棒 (aibō): \"partner\", \"mate\", \"pal\", \"bro\", \"buddy\"\n * 兄弟 (kyōdai): \"brother\", \"bro\", \"brotha\" (lit. \"sibling\" or \"brother\")\n * 合い口 (aikuchi): \"pal\", \"chum\"\n * 二人とも (futari-tomo): \"[you/those] two\", \"the two of [you/them]\", \"both of [you/them]\"\n * 君/きみ (kimi): \"you\", \"kiddo\", \"kid\"\n * あなた (anata): \"you\", \"dear/honey\" (formal \"you\", also used by wives to address spouses)\n * あんた (anta): \"you\" (shortened form of anata; very informal/impolite \"you\")\n\nIf you want to make it explicit that you're addressing a group of people (or\nto make your reference explicitly plural), as in \"you guys\", there are some\nsuffixes that can be used.\n\n-[達/たち] (-tachi): Works similarly to \"...& company\" or \"...and the others\". (Informal)\n\nExamples:\n\n * 君たち (kimi-tachi): \"you\" (plural), \"you guys\", \"you all\", \"you people\"\n * 私たち (watashi-tachi): \"us\", \"we\" (lit. \"[I/me] and company\")\n * [name]-たち ([name]-tachi): \"[name] and the others\", \"[name]'s group\"\n\nAnd these work in the same way as -tachi, but with different use-cases and\nformality levels:\n\n-[共/ども/とも] (-tomo/domo): Humble if used with I/me to refer to self/own group, still informal (can be rude) if used in 2nd/3rd person.\n\n-[方/かた/がた] (-kata/gata): Formal version, more polite than -tachi",
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"creation_date": "2016-08-17T21:57:41.410",
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| 30002 | 30009 | 30009 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30053",
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"body": "There are quite a few respectful terms for parents, the least respectful of\nwhich would be お父さん and お母さん (there are less respectful ones, but they're only\nappropriate for your own parents or your friends' parents). A notch above\nthose would be 母様, 父様, お母様, and お父様. The first two are rather respectful, but\nI don't think they're appropriate for other people's parents; meanwhile, the\nsecond too are appropriate for the parents of people who require respect.\nMoving up in respect we have 母上, 父上, 母君, and 父君. I think these are 尊敬語, and a\nlittle outdated to call your own parents; are the forms in 上 or 君 more\nrespectful? You can also add お and/or 様 for further respect: （お）父上（様）,\n（お）母上（様）,（お）父君（様）, and （お）母君（様）. Clearly the most respectful terms would have\nboth お and 様, but I wonder which ones. broccoli forest mentions ご母堂（様） and\nご尊父（様）; are those more respectful than anything I've listed?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-22T23:16:23.810",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"keigo"
],
"title": "Respectful terms for parents",
"view_count": 1144
} | [
{
"body": "Practically, you can consider お父【とう】様/お母【かあ】様 as the most polite form. It's a\nsafe word in every formal speech, even at a wedding ceremony or funeral, as\nlong as you don't forget the prefix お.\n\n母上/父上/父君/母君 are mainly heard in pre-war history dramas. A few old people may\nuse these words when they make a very formal speech, but I would avoid them.\nIf I heard someone say one of these to refer to my parents in ordinary\nbusiness settings, perhaps I can't help laughing and asking back \"Wow, are you\nfrom a real ninja family?\" But these would be acceptable in very formal\nletters.\n\nOn the other hand, when someone addresses their own parents, a very few people\nuse (お)父様/(お)母様. Personally I know no one who actually do so (except for\nstereotyped rich celebrities in fiction).\n\n御母堂/御尊父/etc are clearly the politest, but I'm sure I haven't used it in my\nlife. I know it's mainly used in condolence telegrams and such, and that's a\nkind of thing for which most native speakers would search the example\nsentences on the net.",
"comment_count": 3,
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{
"body": "Don't forget ご両親 (ごりょうしん）(Your honorable parents), if you want to show respect\nfor them.\n\nAs in -\n\nあなたは御両親の期待に応えるべきだ",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-27T09:58:52.927",
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| 30004 | 30053 | 30053 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30007",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is this actually ごぬんくださーい, and does it mean \"Excuse us!\"?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/nFfy9.png)\n\nI got \"Excuse Us!\" from the English translation of the uncropped version of\nthat image.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-23T01:55:19.723",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Is this actually ごぬんくださーい, and does it mean \"Excuse us!\"?",
"view_count": 213
} | [
{
"body": "It's ごめんくださーい, not ごぬんくださーい. The actual phrase is just ごめんください, but here it's\nwritten with an elongation to reflect how people often pronounce it. In any\ncase, 'excuse us' isn't quite an accurate translation; it's what you say when\nyou enter someone's home without permission. Other options include 失礼（いた）します\nand お邪魔（いた）します. There's also an old-fashioned use before you leave, similar\nagain to （お先に）失礼（いた）します.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-23T02:12:03.073",
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| 30006 | 30007 | 30007 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I would like to ask you a question about the usage of んだ. I know that it can\nbe used to explain a situation, but I have noticed it can be used to bring up\na topic as well, is it true? I heard the following sentence: 仕事やめたんだ In this\ncase I do not think んだ is used to explain a situation because the speakers\nwere talking about a totally different topic. Also, what is the difference\nbetween 仕事やめたんだ and 仕事やめた when you want to bring up a topic?\n\nThank you in advance!",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-23T10:23:11.143",
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"owner_user_id": "8079",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "「んだ」の使い方について質問させていただきます",
"view_count": 755
} | [
{
"body": "My dictionary says 「のだ、のです」 is used as the method of representing \"explain\"\nand \"judgement\" including own feeling.\n\nI think 仕事をやめた focus the fact and 仕事をやめたんだ focus more own feeling. In\naddition, 「んだ、んです」 is a euphonic changes of 「のだ、のです」.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-23T12:15:53.797",
"id": "30012",
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},
{
"body": "んだ/のだ is used give a supplemental explanation (補足説明{ほそくせつめい})- it is an\nexplanation but not always necessary.\n\n> (Xは)仕事{しごと}をやめた。(X depends on the context)\n\nThis is describing only the fact that X has quit a job. This is just a\nstatement by the speaker, there is no nuance that the speaker is giving an\nexplanation.\n\n> (Xは)仕事{しごと}をやめたんだ。\n\nUsing んだ/のだ to '仕事{しごと}をやめた' creates a nuance that the speaker would like to\ntell the story about why or how X quit the job. This is a big difference from\nから (e.g. 仕事{しごと}をやめたから) which is normally used to explain a situation.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-23T15:34:42.080",
"id": "30013",
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"body": "I always see んだ used with definitive, almost bossy sentences. Like the speaker\nreally wants the listener to know how they feel. So, with respect to what\neveryone else has said, I would agree. The explanation is given as though a\nquestion was asked. Kind of like how a friend will say to you one day out of\nthe blue, \"I just quit my job.\" Naturally, you're going to ask, \"Why?\" or at\nleast for explanation.\n\nMake more sense?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-23T22:06:14.767",
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| 30010 | null | 30013 |
{
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"body": "> 丸尾君はだれに頼まれたわけで **も** ないのに、ひとりで教室の拭きそうじをしていた。 \n> Although it's not the case that Maruo was asked by anyone, he did the\n> classroom cleaning by himself.\n\n...わけではない = It's not the case that ... \nだれも = anyone\n\nI'm confused as to how these merge together into the above sentence (assuming\nmy translation is correct).\n\nNaively (and no doubt wrongly) I would have tried だれに **も** 頼まれたわけで **は**\nないのに. Is there a way to understand what is going on here?\n\nAlso, If I simply wanted to say \"I wasn't asked by anyone\" (without all the わけ\nstuff) how would I do that? Again, naivley I'd try だれに **も** 頼まれなかった、but\nsomething tells me I'm wrong.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-23T11:58:12.877",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "Why does も move in sentences involving だれも etc",
"view_count": 418
} | [
{
"body": "だれにも頼まれたわけではないのに sounds awkward because it stands for something like \"it's not\nthat he was asked by even someone\". Isn't it better to rephrase \"it's not even\nthat he was asked by someone\"?\n\nAnd yes, \"I wasn't asked by anyone\" translates to 誰にも頼まれなかった.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-24T10:02:39.413",
"id": "30031",
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"body": "The も moves because 誰も is not a single word; it is two words. The も is the\nvery same as in 私もそう思う.\n\nThe combination of a question _phrase_ and も becomes 'any~~~'; for example,\nyou could say\n\n> 誰のせい？ \n> Whose fault is it?\n\nSomeone may answer\n\n> 誰のせいで **も** ない \n> It's no one's fault.\n\nYou may be familiar with ～ても 'even if'; combining this with a question word\nresults in 'no matter', as in\n\n> 例えこの先何があっても、僕達は友達でいよう。 \n> No matter what happens, we will always be friends.\n\nI don't know if that's a satisfactory answer, but I hope it at least helps you\nsomewhat.",
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| 30011 | null | 30033 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30017",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "While browsing through some chapters of the Bleach manga, I stumbled over a\nsentence that puzzles me. A chapter is called:\n\n立ちて死すべし\n\nI know what 立ち means and I know that the べし is a suffix that kind of means\nthat the verb is an obligation or something that should be done(?). But I\ncan't make sense of the て kana and why it is 死す and not 死ぬ.\n\nLink to where it appeared is\n[here](http://bleach.wikia.com/wiki/THE_FIRE#cite_note-trans-2), chapter 511.\n\nWould a correct translation be \"those who stand shall/must die\"?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-23T16:09:54.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30014",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles",
"verbs"
],
"title": "Is there such a thing as a て particle?",
"view_count": 1156
} | [
{
"body": "> 立ちて死すべし\n\nThe 立ち is the continuative form (連用形) of the archaic verb\n[立つ](http://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E7%AB%8B%E3%81%A4). \nThe て is the conjunctive particle (接続助詞), i.e. 立ちて is the te-form of 立つ in\nClassical Japanese. \n[死す](http://kobun.weblio.jp/content/%E6%AD%BB%E3%81%99) is a literary, bookish\nway of saying 死ぬ. As in @broccoliforest's comment below 死す is the archaic form\nof [死する](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/96874/meaning/m0u/).\n\nSo in modern Japanese I think it would be like 「立って死ぬべき(だ)」 or 「立って死ぬべし」,\n\"should/must die while standing\".",
"comment_count": 8,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-23T17:02:33.557",
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| 30014 | 30017 | 30017 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30016",
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"body": "This is a question particularly aimed for those, who speak English as a second\nlanguage, and also mastered Japanese:\n\nWhen studying words & phrases, did you found it more efficient to study it\nwith the english translation, or translation of your original language?\n\n(If length of use is a parameter, I've been using english, and been living in\nenglish-speaking countries for >8 years; but used my mother language, and been\nliving there for 20)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-23T16:21:50.403",
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"owner_user_id": "12019",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"learning"
],
"title": "English as a second language, Japanese as a third language -learning it in english, or mother language?",
"view_count": 552
} | [
{
"body": "Well, I wouldn't say that I have mastered it, but I have come a long way\nlearning Japanese almost exclusively through English material.\n\nMy first language is Swedish, but English is mandatory in school from the 4th\ngrade. Most Swedes have a more-or-less fair command of English, enough to\nconsider it our second language.\n\nAnyway, _my_ experience of learning Japanese through English and not Swedish\nhas been quite a pleasant experience. The resources available online in\nEnglish for learning Japanese are just nothing short of excellent. There is\nsimply no comparison when you search for the same in Swedish. Occasionally,\nsome language construct names, such as _volitional_ will stump me. But then\nagain I am not sure I know the name for it in Swedish anyway.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-23T16:36:55.953",
"id": "30016",
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"owner_user_id": "12018",
"parent_id": "30015",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 30015 | 30016 | 30016 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have to write a letter to my future Japanese host family. It's in English,\nbut I want to end it in Japanese. Should I use よろしくお願いします or ありがとうございます or\neven どうぞよろしくおねがいします?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-23T17:41:23.300",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30018",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "12020",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage",
"politeness"
],
"title": "よろしくお願いします or ありがとうございます",
"view_count": 1519
} | [
{
"body": "Definitely よろしくお願いします or some variant thereof. よろしくお願いします type endings are\ncommon when you're thanking somebody _in advance_.\n\n[This question](https://japanese.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/820/what-is-\nwrong-with-ending-a-question-\nwith-%E3%81%82%E3%82%8A%E3%81%8C%E3%81%A8%E3%81%86%E3%81%94%E3%81%96%E3%81%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99)\non meta on a similar topic might be interesting for you.\n\nIf you want to stick a simple Japanese phrase on the end of the letter, how\nabout something like:\n\n> ホームステイをとても楽しみにしています。どうぞよろしくお願いします。 \n> I'm very much looking forward to the home-stay. Thank you for your kindness\n> (in advance).\n\nOr a bit more difficult (Japanese humble expression):\n\n> いろいろとご迷惑をおかけすると思いますが、どうぞよろしくお願いします。 \n> (Lit.) I might cause all kinds of bother for you, but thank you for your\n> kindness (in advance).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-23T17:57:56.700",
"id": "30020",
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| 30018 | null | 30020 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30030",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> だったらさ！\n\nだった is the completed tense of だ, ら is a rough indicator, and さ is an\nassertion. The completed existential verb with the rough indicator would seem\nto say something like \"Things having been like so, indicates...\", or \"If\nthat's the case, then...\"\n\nWould the assertion change it to something like \"It is indicated that things\nare like so!\" or \"It is the case!\"?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-23T18:19:09.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30021",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-12-25T18:30:22.930",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11999",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"tense",
"past"
],
"title": "だったら as an interjection",
"view_count": 448
} | [
{
"body": "(だったら means \"if it is, then\".)\n\nさ as in だったらさ is never a sentence ending particle. So it's always a filler.\n\nさ as a sentence ender can appear (1) after a terminal form of verbs or\nadjectives, and (2) after a noun in the position of the predicate.\n\ne.g. (1) なんとか なるさ。 (2) （私は）探偵さ。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-24T09:34:35.760",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 30021 | 30030 | 30030 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30184",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": ">\n> 授業が始まり、普段通りの空気が流れた…と思ったその時だった。ドラマである様な素晴らしいタイミングではあったが、真夏にとっては悪夢の始まりだった。無表情な中年教師は転入生の紹介をたんたんと終え、席に着く\n> **よう** 指示した。\n\nIt's in the last sentence. The rest of the sentences are for context because I\nknow you all will love that, heheh.\n\nAnyway, I presume it's about a boy transferring to the school and the teacher\nintroduces him to the class while the main character takes her assigned seat.\nIn other words, I think 席に着くよう指示した is being done by the main character, as the\ntransfer student is getting introduced. If I'm wrong on this, let me know.\n\nMy main question, however, is what the よう is for here? Is the phrase perhaps\ntranslated, \"She takes her seat as though it were assigned to her\"? As in, the\nseat isn't specifically assigned to be hers, but she just kind of sits there\neach day and no one complains about wanting it. If so, why isn't it ように? Typo?\nThis IS from an online submitted story, after all. Typos are possible, hah.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-23T22:21:04.960",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30023",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-02T08:16:44.197",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-02T08:16:44.197",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12000",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage",
"ellipsis"
],
"title": "I found よう all by itself. Is there any difference in the usual meaning?",
"view_count": 255
} | [
{
"body": "> \"Anyway, I presume it's about a boy transferring to the school and the\n> teacher introduces him to the class while the main character takes her\n> assigned seat. In other words, **I think 席に着くよう指示した is being done by the\n> main character** , as the transfer student is getting introduced.\"\n\nNo, that is being done by the teacher. The \"real\" verb in that phrase is\n「[指示]{しじ}する = \"to instruct\"」 and it is none other than the teacher who 指示した.\n\nThe new student is the one who will [席]{せき}に[着]{つ}く (= \"take a seat\").\n\nIn meaning, 「よう」 = 「ように」. The former is more formal than the latter.\n\n> 「Action/State + よう（に） + **_Verb of\n> ordering/suggesting/begging/warning/persuading, etc_**.」\n\nis a very common sentence pattern that you will keep encountering as long as\nyou learn Japanese.\n\n> 「席に着く **よう** 指示した」\n\n= \"(The teacher) instructed (the student) **_to_** take a seat.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-02T07:26:13.560",
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| 30023 | 30184 | 30184 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I came across this spoken sentence in the drama Fumo Chitai:\n\n刷り上がった新聞を少しでも早く輸送したい新聞社 **にとって** 高速道路沿いにある印刷工場 **は** 何としても手に入れたい。\n\nContext: the newspaper company needs a new printing factory near a highway and\nthey were able to secure some land though a dodgy deal with the government on\ncondition that they cancel the publication of a controversial article. The\nabove comment was made by the editor to the journalist whose article was\nsuppressed to justify the cancellation.\n\nI'm a bit confused about the use of にとって and は. To me the main object is\nclearly 高速道路沿いにある印刷工場 (print factory along an expressway), so why is は and not\nが (or を) being used?\n\nAlso, the thing that 'wants to get' (手に入れたい) the factory is the 新聞社, so why\nにとって and not は?\n\nWhat would be different about stating it this way?: 刷り上がった新聞を少しでも早く輸送したい新聞社\n**は** 高速道路沿いにある印刷工場 **が** 何としても手に入れたい。 = The company, which needs to quickly\ntransport printed newspapers, wants to acquire by any means possible a\nprinting factory located alongside an expressway.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-23T23:08:19.493",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30024",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-24T09:40:56.880",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7760",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "にとって as topic/subject marker and は as object marker?",
"view_count": 197
} | [
{
"body": "印刷工場 is the main object of the verb 手に入れたい as you say, and simultaneously the\ntopic of the whole sentence. In addition, it could convey a contrastive sense,\ndepending on the context (either way, it's the topic after all). That's why\nit's marked with は.\n\nEdit: Now I'm thinking it may not be the main object. Anyway it's the topic.\n\nDifference between 刷り上がった新聞を少しでも早く輸送したい新聞社は高速道路沿いにある印刷工場 ~~が~~ **を**\n何としても手に入れたい is that 新聞社 is the topic and 印刷工場 is not topicalized in this\nsentence.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-24T09:19:11.090",
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| 30024 | null | 30028 |
{
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"body": "I understand both are vulgar male forms of eat, but why these two kanji are\nbasically the same? What means that 口 in there？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-24T02:49:20.543",
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"id": "30025",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Difference between 喰う and 食う？",
"view_count": 1753
} | [
{
"body": "口 means mouth. Since Kanji is ideogram, both have 食 that means eating and\nfood. Other kanjis related to food/eating also have 食: \n\n * 飯 (rice) <http://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjib/592.html>\n * 飲 (drink) <http://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanji/249.html>\n * 飢 (starvation) <http://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjid/1649.html>",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-24T04:38:03.343",
"id": "30026",
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{
"body": "Dictionary says 喰 is made in Japan to emphasize the action of eating by adding\n口 next to 食.\n\nThe difference of two kanjj is that 食 is a kanji designated for everyday use\nand 喰 isn't that, so we mostly use 食. The difference of meaning is little, so\nif you use only 食, it is no problem.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-24T09:19:52.223",
"id": "30029",
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{
"body": "The earliest appearances of 喰 in dictionaries are, as @変幻出没 said, those in\n[龍龕手鏡（龍龕手鑑）](http://archive.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kosho/ho04/ho04_00789/ho04_00789_0003/ho04_00789_0003_p0065.jpg)\nor [新撰字鏡](http://mahoroba.lib.nara-wu.ac.jp/y05/html/675/l/p022.html), but\ntheir definitions are not much same as today's. The meaning they suggested is\nlike \"dine\", \"dinner\" or \"have a meal\" and likely to be a variant of 飧.\n\nIn more recent usages 喰 explicitly represents くう and くらう, contrary to 食 can\nalso be read たべる or はむ. I'm not sure if the kanji was recycled or reinvented,\nbut it certainly had some usefulness because pre-modern orthography rarely\nused okurigana, making it difficult to distinguish certain homographs. In this\nsense, you can also say that 喰 has already lost its reason for existence, but\nit's still in use, especially when you want more \"bite and booze\" feeling or\nviolent \"consuming, devouring\" implications.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-24T16:42:41.157",
"id": "30034",
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| 30025 | 30034 | 30034 |
{
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"body": "In a native speaker's mental model, are long vowel sounds - for example the おう\nin 「教室」 the ああ in 「唐揚げ」, the えい in 「先生」 or just 「いい」 (I chose these examples\nquite deliberately, since they represent fairly different \"categories\" of long\nvowels; please consider them all) - a long vowel sound or two vowel sounds\nfollowing each other? In other words, when they say a long vowel, are they\ndeliberately saying one long vowel sound or two of them directly following\neach other?\n\nDoes it perhaps depend on which vowel it is? Does it depend on the word?\nPerhaps neither, or something else entirely? This is something I've been\nwondering for a while now, and I feel knowing the answer would help my latent\nunderstanding of the language and pronunciation.\n\nI realize there's probably no definite answer, at least not without conducting\nsome scientific research, but having the input of some native speakers or\nsomeone who's talked to native speakers about this would be invaluable.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-24T16:56:12.630",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30035",
"last_activity_date": "2019-01-11T00:51:15.403",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11751",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 18,
"tags": [
"pronunciation",
"phonology"
],
"title": "Do native speakers think of prolonged vowels as one long vowel, or two vowel sounds following each other?",
"view_count": 1740
} | [
{
"body": "I had a specific experience with 聞く, when it's in て形. So, 聞いて. I used to say\n\"kii-te\" emphasizing the length of the vowel. But then, a native told me to\nseparate it, so I now pronounce it \"ki-i-te\".\n\nIt seems that it depends on the word for whether you separate or not. I've\nnoticed with verbs, however, that you separate since, I guess, it's to\ndistinguish the fact it's being conjugated. With nouns, it seems you just put\nemphasis on the long vowel part when speaking at normal pace. So, in other\nwords, using 先生, you would say, \"sen-SEI\" rather than \"SEN-sei.\"\n\n...if that makes any sense. Anyway, hopefully my experience helped you, and if\nyou have any further questions, feel free to, well, 聞いてください, haha.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-25T01:11:26.240",
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{
"body": "> When they say a long vowel, are they deliberately saying one long vowel\n> sound or two of them directly following each other?\n\nI think there is no convention, as long as there is no risk of\nmisunderstanding.\n\n委員長{いいんちょう} may be pronounced with two slightly separated いいsounds or a long\nいー.\n\n大山椒魚{オオサンショウウオ} (giant salamander) may be pronounced like おーさんしょーうお,\nおおさんしょーうお, etc (nothing that varies too much from this will be understood as\nanything else than 'giant salamander').\n\n> Does it perhaps depend on which vowel it is? Does it depend on the word?\n> Perhaps neither, or something else entirely?\n\nI think most on-yomi readings, in the same kanji, do not use two vowel sounds\nfollowing each other. 栄養 would sound just like えーよー, 修正 would be しゅーせー. The\nsound often slightly goes to the sound of the second vowel but it is\ncontinuous (no perceivable 'pause' between vowel sounds). There is no obvious\nneed to emphasize the vowel sounds like え **い** よ **う** or しゅ **う** せ **い**\nbecause saying like that is enough.",
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"body": "I'm a native speaker. When you tell a native Japanese speaker to say these\nwords veeeeery slowly, they would say:\n\n * きょ、う、し、つ。 （or きょ、お、し、つ。）\n * せ、ん、せ、い。 （or せ、ん、せ、え。）\n * か、ら、あ、げ。\n * こ、ん、ぴゅ、う、た、あ。 （コンピューター）\n\nAnd if you ask \"How many 'sounds' are there in those words?\", they would count\nusing their fingers, and say 4, 4, 4 and 6, respectively. So this means so-\ncalled \"long vowels\" are fundamentally two separate sounds in native speakers'\nminds.\n\nOf course it doesn't mean we _deliberately_ say two vowels in succession in\neveryday conversations. We do it simply unconsciously.\n\nReference: [Japanese _On_ (or\nmorae)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_\\(Japanese_prosody\\))\n\nJapanese morae system and English syllables are so much different that it took\nme years to understand why English 'strike' is one \"sound\" (syllable) to\nEnglish speakers, while it was clearly five sounds (す、と、ら、い、く) to me.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-25T05:16:42.077",
"id": "30039",
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"body": "> _[W]hen they say a long vowel, are they deliberately saying one long vowel\n> sound or two of them directly following each other?_\n\nIf this is about [phonology](/questions/tagged/phonology \"show questions\ntagged 'phonology'\"), as the tag indicates, the answer will be: _**two, or\nneither**_ (at least in Standard Japanese).\n\n**It's merely two same vowels adjacent by chance when in between two words, or\nbetween word stems and inflections**. In your examples, 唐揚げ apparently\nconsists of two words (morphemes) _kara_ + _age_ , thus the two cannot be\nmerged into one in a speaker's mind. いい, although being short, is made of _i_\n(stem < _yo_ ) + _i_ (adj. ending) and follows it too.\n\nMeanwhile, **it's a short vowel followed by a lengthener, when seen inside an\nindivisible word**. 教室 and 先生 in your examples fall under this (have nothing\nto do with orthographical spellings, just to be sure). By \"lengthener\" I mean,\nwe recognize a prolonging phoneme //ʀ// as one of [moraic\nphonemes](http://www.nihongokyoshi.co.jp/manbow/manbow.php?id=749&TAB=1) of\nJapanese (the rest is, moraic nasal //ɴ// a.k.a. ん and geminator //ꞯ//* a.k.a\nっ, as far as widely accepted among researchers). //ʀ// has no sound value by\nitself, but can make previous vowel a\n[mora](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mora_%28linguistics%29) longer. Phonemic\nrepresentations of 教室 and 先生 are respectively //kyoʀsitu// and //seɴseʀ//.\n\nSo what makes you happier if we assume a //ʀ// instead of a long vowel? I\nthink [this page](http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/ts/language/phoneme.html) I found\nmakes a fairly neat summary on the advantages of //ʀ// analysis. It says (with\nadapted terms):\n\n> 1. When you transpose morae in wordplay, 貧乏【びんぼう】 \"poor\" with first and\n> third mora interchanged should be ボンビー, which is only accountable if the\n> word was //biɴboʀ//; if it were //biɴboo//, the result would be //boɴbio//\n> ボンビオ.\n> 2. A series in demonstrative paradigm こう (\"in this way\"), そう (\"in your/its\n> way\"), ああ (\"in that way\"), どう (\"how\") would be more consistent represented\n> in //koʀ//, //soʀ//, //aʀ//, //doʀ//, rather than simply a long version of\n> each vowel.\n> 3. (omitted; it's about distinguishing two short vowels and one long\n> vowel.)\n>\n\ncf. the Wiktionary entry of\n[里親](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E8%A6%AA) (\"foster parent\"):\n\n> Compound of _sato_ (“village”) and _oya_ (“parent”). Often cited in\n> contrast to _satōya_ (“sugar dealer”) in discussion of the phonological\n> distinction between long vowels and geminate vowels.\n\n* * *\n\n*It's a small capital Q, which has only recently been included in Unicode.",
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| 30035 | null | 30039 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The context is about two teachers talking in a kindergarten.\n\nQuoted as below:\n\n> 奈良：毎年クリスマス会で、誰かがサンタに扮｛ふん｝するものの、子供たちに絶対見破られて、“奈良先生だ”とか言われますよね。\n>\n> 磯山｛いそやま｝：ええ、あれ言われると、せっかくの扮装｛ふんそう｝が **水の泡になったような気がして** 、虚しくなります。\n\nPlease note they are talking about a common situation. It happens every year.\nAnd 磯山 agrees and feels empty too when that happens. In other words, it is a\npresent situation.\n\nThen why did 磯山 use past tense saying “水の泡になったような気がして”?\n\nIf 磯山 says “水の泡になるような気がして” instead, would it be still grammatically correct?\n\nThen what’s the difference?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-25T06:10:24.797",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"aspect"
],
"title": "なったような vs なるような Any differences in nuance?",
"view_count": 601
} | [
{
"body": "This た is not past-tense, but is imperfective た just like the one before とき or\nほう.\n\n> ３ 実現していない動作・状態を仮に実現したと考えていう意を表す。「話が出た時点で考えよう」「今度会ったとき話すよ」 --\n> [goo辞書](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/132183/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%9F/)\n\nTranslation:\n\n> 3 Express the sought of an action that has yet to happen or an hypothetic\n> situation.\n\nHere, the imperfective meaning is reinforced by せっかく which tells us that the\n奈良 and 磯山 truly think that the costume is important. The meaning that is yield\nis something like: \"This costume we thought very important for this event\".\n\nWhat confirms that the situation is hypothetic is `あれ言われると` (`if you are said\nthis then` + hypothetic situation.)\n\n> え、あれ言われると、せっかくの扮装が水の泡になったような気がして、虚しくなります。 \n> Err, if you are said this, it fells like this costume we thought very\n> important for this event _was_ of no use, thus becoming meaningless.\n\nIf you simply say なるような the meaning becomes:\n\n> Err, if you are said this, it fells like this costume we thought very\n> important for this event _is_ of no use, thus becoming meaningless.\n\nIt is difficult to translate 水の泡になった followed by 虚しく the first refers to the\nfact that the costume is vain and the second that the fact that without the\ncostume the event becomes meaningless.",
"comment_count": 4,
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| 30040 | null | 30041 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30043",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> そういうのはな(noun)だったらこう｡｡｡\n\nI'm not sure what to make of the のはな part. I'm not even sure they're all\nparticles. I suspect the な might be a negative. I'm guessing the の turns the\nfirst word into a noun, like \"that sort\". So, maybe it's saying \"If that sort\nof (noun) wasn't こう...\" But, I'm not familiar with a word こう. 子, yes, but...\n\nThe context is, a character talking to another character after thinking about\nthe other forgetting to cut his hair. Full bubble: だったらさ! そういうのはな男だったらこう｡｡｡\nThe other person then seems taken aback.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-25T07:38:50.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30042",
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"owner_user_id": "11999",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Meaning of triple particle (?) のはな",
"view_count": 403
} | [
{
"body": "It's pronoun の, particle は and interjectional particle な.\n\nそういうの : such things\n\nは (topic particle)\n\nな (filler)\n\n男だったら : if you're a man\n\nこう : this way",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-25T12:54:25.873",
"id": "30043",
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"score": 6
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| 30042 | 30043 | 30043 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30050",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Take the sentence:\n\n> バッサリいこうぜ！うっとうしいだろ[長]{なげ}えとよ。\n\nThe first, from context, I think means \"You're gonna get a haircut!\" I can't\nfind バッサリ in the dictionary, though. The second probably says \"It's seems\nirritating at that length.\" I'm not sure how the filler えと functions here.\nEspecially with the particle よ.",
"comment_count": 13,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-25T15:37:09.673",
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"id": "30045",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-12-25T15:42:06.597",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11999",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"definitions",
"sentence-final-particles"
],
"title": "Unknown word and strange use of えと",
"view_count": 848
} | [
{
"body": "[長]{なげ}え is a colloquial, masculine and a bit vulgar way of pronouncing\n[長]{なが}い. \n(Compare: うるさい→うるせえ, しらない→しらねえ, たべたい→たべてえ)\n\nThe と in 長いと is a 接続助詞(conjunctive particle), meaning \"if~~\" or \"when~~\".\n\nSo the なげえと(長いと) here means \"If (your hair is) long\" or \"When (your hair is)\nlong\".\n\n> バッサリいこうぜ！うっとうしいだろ長えとよ。(≒長いとうっとうしいだろ。) \n> Let's cut it short. (Because) It's annoying if it's long, isn't it?\n\nAnd I think the よ at the end is #❷ 間投助詞 -２ in\n[デジタル大辞泉](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/226011/meaning/m0u/%E3%82%88/)",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-25T17:26:38.740",
"id": "30050",
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| 30045 | 30050 | 30050 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30047",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 自然から得られる生産に役立つ要素。\n\nCan someone help me with this? \n自然から得られる=You can obtain from nature \n生産に役立つ=Useful for production \n要素=Components\n\n> 自然から得られる生産に役立つ要素。 \n> Components you can obtain from nature which are useful for production.\n\nIs it correct? \nSo the parsing would not be: \n((自然から得られる)>生産に役立つ)>要素。 \nbut \n(自然から得られる)--->要素。 \n(素生産に役立つ)-->要素. \nThey both refer to 要素.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-25T15:42:29.597",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30046",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-25T16:22:56.657",
"last_edit_date": "2015-12-25T15:59:59.943",
"last_editor_user_id": "9749",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"relative-clauses",
"parsing"
],
"title": "自然から得られる生産に役立つ要素。 Parsing",
"view_count": 87
} | [
{
"body": "A clause can modify another clause not only a single noun. Here 自然から得られる does\nnot modify only 要素 but 生産に役立つ要素.\n\n`自然から得られる` means `gathered form the nature` (passive and not potential in this\ncontext) and `生産に役立つ要素` means useful for production. If you bind them together\nyou get `Elements useful for production gathered from the nature` which is\nvery close to the translation you provided (passive voice instrad of potential\nform).",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-25T16:22:56.657",
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| 30046 | 30047 | 30047 |
{
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"body": "> **たかだか** [髪]{かみ}が[伸]{の}びたくらいで。\n\nI'm thinking たかだか髪 means roughly \"very long hair\". If so, I imagine the\nsentence would translate to \"Very long hair grew about to that point.\" But,\nthat doesn't make sense. \"Hair grown like that is very long.\" might make more\nsense, but would be another pointless and obvious statement that a writer\nwould be unlikely to write. The context, where the speaker is pondering the\nstate of his friend's hair, would warrant something more like \"His hair has\ngrown quite long.\" I'm not sure, though, especially with the ending で.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-25T16:43:36.860",
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"owner_user_id": "11999",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adverbs",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Adjective use of たかだか",
"view_count": 181
} | [
{
"body": "たかだか is an adverb and has **no** adjective use.\n\n * たかだか **と** -- highly; aloft; sonorously\n * たかだか (without と) -- merely; no more than; at most",
"comment_count": 6,
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| 30048 | null | 30049 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30052",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "* しやすい to effortlessly do something. \n * できやすい something is easily made.\n\nThen, how are フランス料理が作りやすい and フランス料理ができやすい compared? Would they have a\nsimilar connotation?\n\nI understand for the fact that they are different. So, if anyone can point out\na major idea in usage of both, it would be really helpful.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-25T19:21:15.910",
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"owner_user_id": "11994",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "~できやすい and ~しやすい connotation",
"view_count": 155
} | [
{
"body": "できる is a tricky verb because it both means \"to form / to be built / to be\nready\" and \"to be able to [suru-verb] / to do [suru-verb] easily\".\n\nBut when it's followed by やすい, できやすい means \"tend to form ～\", \"tend to be built\nas ～\", \"easily turns into ～\", etc, because やすい already means \"easily / can /\nhas a tendency to ～\".\n\n * **フランス料理は作りやすい。** : OK, (as a general fact) French cuisine is easy to prepare. A person who says this must be a very good cook.\n * **フランス料理が作りやすい。** : Exhaustive-listing が. (Among other cuisine in the world) It's French cuisine that one is good at.\n\n * **フランス料理はできやすい。** : (\"French cuisine easily forms\"(?) Makes no sense to me)\n\n * **フランス料理ができやすい。** : Something like \"It easily produces / turns into French cuisine\". It sounds like you were using a game item which gives 'French cuisine' or something different randomly.\n\n * **フランス料理はできる。** : Contrastive は. A person who said this is good at French cuisine, but implies he's not good at other types of cuisine.\n\n * **フランス料理ができる。** : Neutral-description or exhaustive-listing が, depending on the context. A person who said this is good at French cuisine.",
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"creation_date": "2015-12-25T21:59:49.553",
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| 30051 | 30052 | 30052 |
{
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"body": "I'm trying to translate somebody's tweet, and I'm just blocking on this one\nbit. I understand every part (\"単行本\", \"第三巻\", \"予定\", \"から\"), except the \"分\", of\ncourse. I know what the kanji \"分\" means individually, but I'm not sure what\nit's supposed to designate in this sentence.\n\nHere is the full sentence:\n\n> 今回は単行本第三巻予定 **分** から、第二話と第三話をまとめました\n\nI can't quite get if it's supposed to mean basically \"part of 単行本\", or I've\nwent as far as to exaggerate the translation and say \"chapter\" for it, because\nof \"第二\" and \"第三\". Maybe that's just a problem of sentence structure, and what\npart/word 分 is connected to, or maybe that's just an expression with から or 予定\n(which in that case I'm not seeing, despite checking in dictionaries), in any\ncase, I'm just really blocked on this one kanji and its meaning in the phrase.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-25T23:14:18.210",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30054",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-12-25T23:43:21.030",
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"owner_user_id": "11944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"suffixes"
],
"title": "分 in 今回は単行本第三巻予定分から",
"view_count": 278
} | [
{
"body": "～分 (pronounced ぶん) means \"a part/amount that corresponds to ～\", \"～'s\nfraction\", etc. In this case, it refers to a part of the entire work (not a\npart of Volume 3 nor a part of one episode).\n\n単行本第三巻予定分 is \"the part (of the entire work) which is planned to be included in\nthe third volume\".\n\nOther examples of 分:\n\n * 追加分: the added part (as opposed to the original)\n * 来月分: the task which needs to be done next month, the resource for the next month, etc.\n * 1日分の食料: a day's worth of food",
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"creation_date": "2015-12-25T23:42:03.053",
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| 30054 | null | 30056 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30057",
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"body": "伸ばしてんのか？髪。。。\n\nI was under the impression that the て form followed by ん was a contraction of\n～てるの. However, in this sentence we have a のか following it. The のか sounds like\nit's supposed to nominalize and question the previous phrase, though I'm not\nsure how that works, even having read a few past posts on the subject.\n\nMy attempt at translation is:\n\nYou're growing it out? Your hair?\n\nI don't see any pondering going on there, though, so I'm not confident.\n\n**Edit**\n\n伸ばしてのか？\n\nSeems basically the same to me at this point, which may help explain my\nconfusion.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-25T23:40:56.600",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30055",
"last_activity_date": "2017-01-22T21:51:21.760",
"last_edit_date": "2017-01-22T21:51:21.760",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11999",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Contraction of ～てるのか",
"view_count": 932
} | [
{
"body": "There may be certain dialects where it is otherwise, but ～ているの, in the most\ncolloquial standard Japanese, contracts to ～てんの, not simply ～てん, on its own.\nBefore certain だ it can contract a little further: in colloquial speech,\n何をしているのだ can appear as 何してんだ. That may be the source of your confusion. I\nguarantee you, you will never hear 伸ばしてのか？ People simply do not say it.\n\nAlso, are you familiar with the ～のだ construction? The の here was probably\noriginally a nominalizer, but over time it grew into its own thing. ～のだ offers\nan explanation; ～のか asks for one (besides when ～のだ is paired with a question\nword like 何, in which case ～のか would sound rhetorical). That is a very\nsimplified explanation; it might be better to look into it yourself.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-25T23:48:53.470",
"id": "30057",
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}
]
| 30055 | 30057 | 30057 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30061",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> ただの荷物持ち、と話していたリリの言葉が蘇る。本当にそうなのかと、前まで **憧れてすらいた** 冒険者像へ失望に近い感情を抱いてしまう。\n\nI'm not sure how to interpret this part of the sentence. What does the すらいた\ndo?\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-26T02:28:30.527",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30060",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-26T07:00:33.493",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10316",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does て form + すらいた mean?",
"view_count": 285
} | [
{
"body": "すら means \"even\".\n\n憧れていた --> adored, yearned to be one \n憧れてすらいた --> even adored, even yearned to be one (≒憧れてさえいた)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-26T07:00:33.493",
"id": "30061",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 30060 | 30061 | 30061 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30063",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I think I can ask something like もう学校に行く用意はできてるの for \"Are you ready to go to\nschool yet\". \nI was wondering what is the most natural way to simply ask \"Are you ready\nyet?\". E.g. the wife is in the bathroom and you are just about to go out to\nthe movies together. Can I just shorten this to もう用意ができてるの. To me it sounds\nformal. More like \"did you make preparations yet\" rather than \"are you ready\n(to go)\". \nMaybe I can just ask もうできてるの？ Would that be understood?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-26T13:09:10.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30062",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-26T14:38:30.833",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "How to ask if someone is ready",
"view_count": 1406
} | [
{
"body": "> What is the most natural way to simply ask \"Are you ready yet?\".\n\nA quick search on\n[Weblio](http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/are+you+ready) suggests\n[準備](http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%E6%BA%96%E5%82%99) like in\n`もう準備はいいか?` or `もう準備できた?`.\n\nOf course there are other ways in which \"are you ready\" may appear and it will\ndepend greatly on context. Asking a student if he/she is ready for an exam can\nbe done with either `試験の準備はいいか?` as well as `試験、大丈夫?`. The former implies\nthere are things to be arranged beforehand, while the latter asks if the\nstudent is confident.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-26T14:38:30.833",
"id": "30063",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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]
| 30062 | 30063 | 30063 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30077",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In English if someone asks a question in a narrative it would go something\nlike:\n\n> \"Where are you going?\" he **asked**.\n\nbut rarely, if ever:\n\n> \"Where are you going?\" he **said**.\n\nIs the same true in Japansese? For example:\n\n> 「根っからのほめられ好きだね」まる子はあきれたように **言った** 。\n>\n> \"At heart, you're a fan of being praised aren't you?\" **said** Maruko\n> disgustedly. \n> *\"At heart, you're a fan of being praised are you?\" **asked** the\n> astonished Maruko.\n\nI'm pretty sure my first translation is the correct one. But my question is\ncan you still use 言う if the part in quotes is a question? Is my second\ntranslation a possibility?\n\nI fear my use of a tag question (ね) might confuse things. Just noticed that\nboth my translations actually have questions in the quotes and yet in English\nthe second would definitely take \"asked\". The first could either take \"asked\"\nor \"said\" depending on the intonation of the quote. If you could give an\nanswer that covers both normal questions and tag questions that would be\ngreat. Thanks.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-26T16:14:24.173",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30064",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-27T09:40:22.110",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"tag-question"
],
"title": "Marking questions in a story narration",
"view_count": 187
} | [
{
"body": "In general, \"(と)～は言った\" is also natural after a question, and people often use\nit randomly to avoid monotonousness. FWIW, in novels, some writers prefer 訊いた\ninstead of 聞いた. (訊 is a non-jōyō-kanji which is specifically used for きく in\nthe sense of \"asking a question\".)\n\nIn this case, まる子は言った would be better, because 「根っからのほめられ好きだね」 was probably\nsaid with a falling intonation, and does not sound like a true question.\nまる子は聞いた implies \"～, aren't you?(↗)\" (rising intonation).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-26T23:39:43.840",
"id": "30077",
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| 30064 | 30077 | 30077 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30073",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The sentence is from Dragon ball, Mutenrôshi, the teacher of Gokû and Krilin,\nis telling someone about how good his pupils became. He then says this :\n\n> とくに悟空はもともとの野生 **というか** 天性の強さも **てつだって** 信じられんようなパワーを秘めておる。\n\nI believe てつだって means something along the lines of \"in addition\", therefore I\nbelieve the second part of the sentence means :\n\n> In addition to his natural strength, he is hiding an incredible power.\n\nAm i right so far?\n\nRegarding というか, I found that it means something like \"in other words\", \"or\nrather\"... the idea behind being rephrasing what has been said in another/a\nbetter/a more accurate manner. Doesn't seem to fit here though...\n\nThanks for your time.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-26T17:14:58.787",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30065",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-07T19:15:54.893",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4822",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of というか and 手伝って in this sentence",
"view_count": 316
} | [
{
"body": "\"Especially Gokuu's original wild...how should I say... nature's strength is\nhelped by a method of hiding his belief in power\".\n\nCorrections? I can't comment to add suggestions to the post.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-26T19:21:01.867",
"id": "30069",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-26T19:21:01.867",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11098",
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},
{
"body": "The phrase _[noun]も手伝って【てつだって】_ _(lit. with [noun] helping too; with the help\nof [noun])_ is used to cite the _[noun]_ as one of the factors contributing to\na particular situation. In the present sentence, \" _thanks (partly) to_ \"\nmight be a more apt translation.\n\nAs for _というか_ , it's indeed true that it indicates the rephrasing of the\npreceding word/phrase, and this meaning applies fine enough here too.\n\n> (Especially in the case of Goku,) thanks (partly) to his fundamental wild -\n> or should I say innate - strength, Goku has an incredible power hidden\n> within.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-26T20:14:38.220",
"id": "30073",
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"score": 7
}
]
| 30065 | 30073 | 30073 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30067",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 兄ちゃんも行きたいって言ってたし。\n\nI'm pretty sure it's 言. The only difference is the top mark is horizontal.\nEvery time time I analyze it, though, I wind up with 言.\n\nAnyway, my question regards the 行きた. According to my dictionary, it's the た\nform of 行く, though the inflection chart claims that would be 行った.\n\nHowever, the き makes it look like the infinitive followed by a た.\n\nIf it is the た form, I would guess the literal translation to be:\n\nBrother as well is going to have gone having said, definitely.\n\nPossible meaning:\n\nMy brother also says he definitely is going to go.\n\nIf it's the infinitive imperative:\n\nBrother as well is going to go having said, definitely.\n\nWhich, I'd make the same guess about meaning.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-26T18:08:47.527",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30066",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-26T18:38:44.307",
"last_edit_date": "2015-12-26T18:24:48.963",
"last_editor_user_id": "9749",
"owner_user_id": "11999",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations",
"tense",
"past"
],
"title": "Infinitive form + た or た form",
"view_count": 301
} | [
{
"body": "What you have found is not the past -た form, but the -たい form. It is attached\nto the 連用形 \"i-form\" (a.k.a. the infinitive) and indicates that you _want_ to\ndo something. Thus, 「行きたい」 means \"want to go\".\n\n> 兄ちゃんも行きたいって言ってたし。 \n> Brother said he wants to go, too.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-26T18:23:46.423",
"id": "30067",
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"owner_user_id": "9749",
"parent_id": "30066",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 30066 | 30067 | 30067 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there an equivalent of \"Don't stroke his ego\" in Japanese? I assume that\nsuch a phrase would be relevant in Japanese, but I've never heard it.\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-26T18:54:35.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30068",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-31T15:49:19.523",
"last_edit_date": "2015-12-26T19:01:00.097",
"last_editor_user_id": "9749",
"owner_user_id": "11098",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"idioms",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How to say \"Don't stroke his ego\"?",
"view_count": 335
} | [
{
"body": "There should be a dozen or more \"equivalents\". As a general tip, you will\nalways receive a better answer if you let us know who is speaking to who --\nages, genders, relationship, etc. The more information you give, the better\nand more natural the phrases will be.\n\nOff the top of my head, I could give you:\n\n「おだてるのはやめた[方]{ほう}がいい。」\n\n「おだてない方がいい。」\n\n「[自尊心]{じそんしん}をくすぐるような[事]{こと}をするな/事はしない方がいい。」\n\n「[機嫌]{きげん}を[取]{と}ることないって！」",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-31T15:49:19.523",
"id": "30167",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 30068 | null | 30167 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I got this keychain for Christmas without any packaging so I have no idea what\nit means.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KxCO9.jpg)\n\nThe only thing I can tell is that it is probably a single kanji character,\nother than that I can't tell.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-26T20:05:11.110",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30070",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-26T20:13:46.130",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12037",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"kanji"
],
"title": "What does this keychain say?",
"view_count": 563
} | [
{
"body": "It looks like 發 (old form of 発).\n\nBut I don't think that has any particularly profound meaning so why it would\nbecome a keychain...\n\n> 發 \n> (uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 発) \n> set off; depart; start from; emit; discharge; disclose; occur \n> <https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%99%BC#Japanese>",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-26T20:13:33.623",
"id": "30071",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "I believe it is 發, which is the traditional form of 発.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-26T20:13:46.130",
"id": "30072",
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| 30070 | null | 30071 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30076",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "On [this website](http://great-teacher-onizuka-\ngto.wikia.com/wiki/Kumiko_Fukada), there is this reference to an intended pun\non the name of this character\n\n> The Japanese character for 'KA' in Fukada means shark (which explains her\n> particular teeth).\n\nWhat would be the character used to do such a pun?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-26T20:34:06.610",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30075",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-26T20:45:40.827",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12038",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"names"
],
"title": "What is the character related to this pun?",
"view_count": 385
} | [
{
"body": "Actually, the website should have said\n\n> The Japanese character for 'FUKA' in Fukada means shark\n\n[Apparently her name is 鱶田\n久美子](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTO_%28%E6%BC%AB%E7%94%BB%29) (and 鱶【ふか】\nmeans \"(large) shark\").",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-26T20:43:39.737",
"id": "30076",
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"owner_user_id": "1628",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 30075 | 30076 | 30076 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30127",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I upload videos on niconico and sometimes I get\n\n> はなちゃああああああ\n\ncommented on my videos. I did tons of googling but I got nothing.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-27T03:59:41.607",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30078",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-29T15:25:17.790",
"last_edit_date": "2015-12-27T04:05:46.233",
"last_editor_user_id": "12040",
"owner_user_id": "12040",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"internet-slang"
],
"title": "Meaning of はなちゃああああああ in internet slang",
"view_count": 942
} | [
{
"body": "Got it! The mascot character of [Vocaloid V Flower](http://www.v-flower.jp/)\nis called `[花]{はな}ちゃん` because \"flower\" is 花 in Japanese. He/she just cried\nthe nickname. It's not Internet slang.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-29T15:01:10.230",
"id": "30127",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 30078 | 30127 | 30127 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30082",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If you look up なんだか in a dictionary it's translated as \"for some reason\" or\n\"somehow\" but sometimes it seems it's being used more in the sense of \"kinda\"\nor \"somewhat\". How exactly should I interpret it? Is it distinct from なぜか in\nmeaning? For instance, if a person says\n\n> \" **なんだか** 嬉しい\",\n\nare they saying \"I'm kinda happy\" or \"I feel happy, for some reason\"? What\nabout when a person says\n\n> \" **なんだか** とても嬉しい\"?\n\nDoes なんだか indicate degree of intensity at all?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-27T04:06:12.133",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30080",
"last_activity_date": "2020-03-22T20:01:14.037",
"last_edit_date": "2020-03-22T20:01:14.037",
"last_editor_user_id": "37097",
"owner_user_id": "11112",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Understanding なんだか",
"view_count": 959
} | [
{
"body": "You shouldn't interpret it \"exactly\" at all, because it conveys a sense of\nvagueness, a sense of not knowing quite why or how the current situation came\nabout. It is indeed a conversational filler, and it looks as though you have\nunderstood it well. (If by \"interpret\" you mean \"translate into English\", then\nthat is a whole different (big!) question -- translating the atmosphere of\ndialogue is very difficult.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-27T04:38:03.277",
"id": "30082",
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"owner_user_id": "7717",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 30080 | 30082 | 30082 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30086",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "[NATO phonetic alphabet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_phonetic_alphabet)\nis used for precise dictation of English letters:\n\n * \"A\" is pronounced as \"Alfa\"\n * \"B\" as \"Bravo\"\n * \"C\" as \"Charlie\", etc.\n\nThere are similar alphabets for other languages.\n\nThere are only 26 letters in English, and still it's worth to have an\nunambiguous way to explain a spelling using voice only. In Japanese, there's\nso much homophonic words containing kanji (especially in names), I'd imagine\nthere is a standard for dictating kanji, but I can't find it. There is the\n[和文通話表](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_radiotelephony_alphabet) for\nkana, numbers, and punctuation, but that's not what I'm looking for.\n\n**Is there any similar method and/or standard (maybe historical, experimental,\nor not originated in Japan) for vocal dictation of the kanji?** I assume it\nmay use a different method, e.g. explaining by components/radicals instead of\nexplaining the character as a whole.\n\nI'm aware of a [\"normal\" way of doings\nthis](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/9572/9222), i.e. mentioning some\ncommon words using particular kanji. But, to be honest, it sucks so much\nballs... I can't imagine Japanese military forces or police doing that \"SATO\nas 'help' and 'light purple'\" over the radio.\n\nMore than that, such list may be useful for learning kanji. The closest thing\nI could find is a list of unique keywords from the famous\n[RTK](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remembering_the_Kanji_and_Remembering_the_Hanzi),\nwhich does a lot of trickery:\n\n * 暗 = \"darkness\"\n * 蒙 = \"darken\"\n * 闇 = \"pitch dark\"\n\nThis is confusing, but still not as confusing as trying to remember all the\ndarkness-related meanings from the dictionary definitions of those kanji.\n\nSince chances are the answer is \"No, there is no such thing. Deal with it!\", I\nhave a somewhat related question:\n\n**Is there a (standard) list of those common words to explain which kanji is\nmeant?** In other words, is there a list which _suggests_ the words which I\nshould use to explain the 佐藤 surname on the phone to my friend, who is not\nJapanese and just studying kanji?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-27T17:57:32.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 14,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"homophonic-kanji",
"resources",
"phonetics"
],
"title": "Is there a radiotelephony alphabet standard for kanji, similar to NATO phonetic alphabet (\"alfa, bravo, charlie\")?",
"view_count": 1337
} | [
{
"body": "I doubt there is an official method or list of words used to explain kanji.\n\nIf there were an official method that were a lot more efficient, then regular\npeople would probably be using it and nobody would be having problems\nexplaining how things are spelled. Having an official list would mean one\nwould have to memorize thousands of words, one for each kanji- not to mention\nthat the whole thing would become useless if you ran into a kanji outside the\nlist.\n\nThe best method depends on the kanji, and knowing the best way will become\neasier as you know more Japanese. If the kanji is part of a common but unique\ncompound, mention that. If it has a well-known 訓読み, which are usually unique,\nthat could easily narrow it down. Even explaining radicals and components\ncould work, at least as a last resort, especially for simpler kanji.\nGenerally, people will have a good sense of what will work and what won't, so\nhaving an official list wouldn't really be needed, since people can come up\nwith one on the fly in their heads.",
"comment_count": 2,
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{
"body": "I couldn't find anything closer to what I look for other than Heisig's\nkeywords, and there seems to be no standard list of reference Japanese words\nas well. Obviously there are dictionaries which list words using each kanji,\nand it is as \"standard\" as it can be.\n\nI believe the reason for this is the way Japanese people study their own\nlanguage.\n\nWhen Japanese kids start studying kanji at school (see\n[教育漢字](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ky%C5%8Diku_kanji)), they start with\nkanji used in simplest words (no matter how complex shapes of characters are),\nand as they expand their individual vocabulary, they learn more kanji with\nmore complex meanings. During this process, they always have a reliable way to\nexplain any learnt kanji because they already know corresponding words, so\nthere is no need to learn any additional \"meanings\" or \"keywords\".\n\nSince there is no 1-to-1 correspondence between kanji and words, each Japanese\nperson can refer to any word (s)he finds \"common enough\" to use as a\nreference. When there is no such word, component (radicals) decomposition may\nbe used as an explanation.\n\nThe important consequence of this: _one cannot fully learn kanji separately\nfrom vocabulary_.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-08T20:02:53.723",
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| 30085 | 30086 | 30086 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is 恐れ入ります the correct form of \"thank you\" when used during a business\ntransaction (for example, a sales person would say this when someone makes a\npurchase at his/her store)? In the context of an up-scale and expensive shop,\nthe sales person trying to be very gracious to the customer.\n\nIs there another form of \"thank you\" that would be appropriate in this\ncontext, or is this the most appropriate?\n\nIs this the way it would be written out, for example, on a note of sales or a\nreceipt, would 恐れ入ります be written out at the end of the bill of sale? Is there\nkanji for thank you in this written out sales situation?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-27T21:07:48.850",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "12043",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"usage",
"nuances",
"kanji",
"politeness"
],
"title": "恐れ入ります correct \"thank you\" to use after customers make a purchase?",
"view_count": 2110
} | [
{
"body": "No. 恐れ入ります isn’t only a form of thanking or gratitude. It’s rather an\nexpression of apology or humbleness.\n\nFor instance, when you are blocking a passenger on a path in a shop or train,\nthe shopkeeper or conductor would say to you 恐れ入りますが通路をお開け下さい – Sorry, please\nstep aside and let the passenger (shopper) pass. When you put a wrong code\nnumber in the card machine, the card will be rejected, and instead you’ll hear\nthe message 恐れ入りますが、正しい暗証番号をご入力下さい- Sorry, please try again by inputting the\ncorrect code number.\n\nIn other instances, when you lose Go or Shogi game to your rival (or play\nmate), you will bow to the counterpart, and say 恐れ入りました, meaning I humbly\nadmit your victory. When you are praised by somebody, say your teacher, or\nboss for your talent or skill, you might respond 恐れ入ります to express your\nhumbleness.\n\nAs such 恐れ入ります can be used in various occasions. You can say\n大変貴重な品を頂戴し、恐れ入ります, meaning “I appreciate very much for your giving such a\nprecious item,” when you receive a very valuable gift from someone in higher\nstatus. But this is pretty old-fashioned expression. I would recommend you to\nsay 大変貴重な品を頂戴し、誠に有難うございます。\n\nTo your last question, Can the phrase 恐れ入ります be shown in print on business\nrecords like a receipt? Never. 恐れ入ります is a verbal form, though it's a polite\nexpression.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-28T03:06:11.337",
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"score": 9
}
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| 30087 | null | 30088 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30090",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am new to this site so my apologizes if this question is a bit ridiculous.\n\nHowever, I was informed that the kanji for 9 ( **九** ) is pronounced\ndifferently than the hiragana ( **きゅう** ) based on use.\n\nThe kanji is pronounced 'tuu' and the hiragana as 'kyuu'\n\nWhat is the difference between the two and when do you use either or?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-28T05:36:51.273",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30089",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-12-28T20:41:27.440",
"last_editor_user_id": "11982",
"owner_user_id": "11982",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"kanji",
"pronunciation",
"hiragana"
],
"title": "When to use 九 vs きゅう?",
"view_count": 1039
} | [
{
"body": "This is not 100% wrong, but is close to wrong.\n\n九 has in fact three pronunciations: く, きゅう and ここの.\n\nここの is the 訓読み, and is used in very few situations. Outside of intentionally\narchaic speech, I can only think of two uses off the top of my head: [九]{ここの}つ\n'nine things' (the generic counter) and [九]{ここの}[日]{か} 'the 9th (day)'.\n\nく and きゅう are used with all other counters, on a counter-by-counter basis (if\nthere's a pattern, let me know, I'll edit). A good example is with months -\n'September' (the ninth month) is [九]{く}[月]{がつ}, while 'nine months' (a time\nperiod) is [九]{きゅう}[ヶ]{か}[月]{げつ}.\n\nWhen simply counting in sequence (1! 2! 3!), it's mostly read as きゅう.\n\nSo it can be under certain circumstances pronounced 'differently from く or\nきゅう', much of the time it is pronounced as one of the two. It is never, ever\nつう.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-28T05:48:03.143",
"id": "30090",
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| 30089 | 30090 | 30090 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30109",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am not sure which verb would be used for \"affiliated\" in this context. Would\nit be 提携して? Or perhaps 関係して?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-28T08:32:23.870",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30092",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-29T04:02:01.433",
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"owner_user_id": "12048",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"translation",
"words",
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "How do I say \"This is a derivative work. I am in no way affiliated with X company\" in Japanese?",
"view_count": 354
} | [
{
"body": "I am sorry I have to change my previous answer completely, since I am sorry I\nmissed your comment on your comment line,\n\n> The message I'd like to convey is that **the speaker was not hired by X\n> company** to produce the derivative work, and **is not employed at that\n> company. :)**\n\nThen my personal recommendation would be ( although I have to think still what\nkind of work the derivative work\" is exactly, )\n\n>\n> これはX社{しゃ}から依頼{いらい}されたものです。ただし私{わたくし}はX社{しゃ}とは何{なん}ら雇用上{こようじょう}の関係{かんけい}も御座{ござ}いません。\n\nKindly be reminded **雇用上{こようじょう}の関係{かんけい}** means\n\n> Somebody is being employed by the **** company now\n\nI am sorry.\n\nThank you.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-28T23:48:19.043",
"id": "30109",
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| 30092 | 30109 | 30109 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30094",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From the dictionary, it is not entirely clear which should be used in which\ncontext. And the what is the difference in their meaning? Are there any other\nwords meaning conversation?\n\nThank you very much!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-28T10:11:56.503",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30093",
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"owner_user_id": "10151",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Difference between 会話、談話",
"view_count": 399
} | [
{
"body": "There is a pretty good description\n[here](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/thsrs/11011/meaning/m0u/).\n\n```\n\n 【１】「話し合い」は、なんらかの問題、懸案について、解決したり、一定の合意に達することができるように意見を述べ合うこと。他の三語とは異なり、単に話すこと自体を楽しむような場合にはいわない。\n 【２】「会話」は、二人以上の人が集まって言葉を交わすこと。また、その内容をいう。また、「英文読解は強いが会話は苦手だ」のように、特に外国語で話すことをいうこともある。\n 【３】「談話」は、「会話」のように、特定の相手を意識して行うのではなく、大勢の人が自由にうちとけて語り合うことにいう。したがって、「友人との会話」とはいえるが、「友人との談話」は不自然。また、「首相の談話」のように、ある事柄について述べられた意見の意もある。\n 【４】「語らい」は、家族や友人などごく親密な間柄でうちとけて親しく言葉を交わすことをいう。\n \n```\n\n(1) `話し合い` refers to when you exchange opinions back and forth in an attempt\nto solve a problem or come to an agreement about a concern.\n\n(2) `会話` refers to when 2 or more people exchange words. Also, such as in\n`英文読解は強いが会話は苦手だ`, it is often used to refer to someone speaking a foreign\nlanguage.\n\n(3) `談話` is different than `会話` in that you do not use it to refer to\ncommunicating with a specific person (or persons). You use it when you are\nfreely communicating with a large group of people. Therefore, it is fine to\nsay `友人との会話` but unnatural to say `友人との談話`. Also, it can mean when you state\nyour opinion about a specific matter, such as in `首相の談話`.\n\n(4) `語らい` refers to when you open up and exchange words to someone extremely\nclose to you, such as your family or friends.\n\nHaving said that, if you refer to other\n[dictionaries](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E8%AB%87%E8%A9%B1) they do have\nthe following definition for 談話:\n\n> はなしをすること。くつろいで会話を交わすこと。 「友人と－する」\n\nWhich is very similar to `会話`. I believe this definition is old and used only\nin limited situations, and nowadays `会話` would be what should be used.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-28T10:43:49.897",
"id": "30094",
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| 30093 | 30094 | 30094 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30098",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "On a Japanese package I've found this inscription:\n\n> ここからお **切り** 下さい。\n\nThis obviously means: \"Please cut here (to open)\". With my very basic\nknowledge of Japanese I would instead of お切り (お being the honorific prefix?\nWhich can also be used for verbs?) have expected the て form, i.e. 切って下さい. Why\ndoes it read お切り下さい instead?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-28T10:48:57.673",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30095",
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"owner_user_id": "11834",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form",
"honorifics",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "Which form is 切り?",
"view_count": 564
} | [
{
"body": "お + [masu-stem] + ください is _keigo_ (honorific speech) for [te-form] + ください.\n\nThis rule works for verbs, which don't have a separate _keigo_ verb, e.g. 切る\n\n> お切りください\n\nIf the verb _does_ have a separate _keigo_ form, the formation is different:\n\n> ~~お見ください~~ → ご覧ください \n> ~~お言いください~~ → おっしゃってください \n> ~~お行きください~~ → いらしてください \n> ~~お来ください~~ → おこしください",
"comment_count": 3,
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| 30095 | 30098 | 30098 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is there any practical way of translating 年相応 into English? The context it was\nused in was\n\n> 彼女は年相応に見られたい\n\nI was under the impression \"年相応\" refers to women wanting to appear their real\nage, not younger than they are, but according to the comments and answers, I'm\nmistaken. Maybe the sentence as a whole has that meaning.\n\nI'm familiar with an English expression for women wanting to appear younger\nthan they are (\"Mutton dressed as lamb\"), but I haven't even heard of the\nconcept of women wanting to appear their real age, let alone how to express\nthat concept.",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-28T13:02:12.973",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Translating 年相応 into English",
"view_count": 234
} | [
{
"body": "If you are looking for an English equivalent to \"(彼女は) 年相応に見える\", I would put\nit into \"(She looks) right in / around her age (of 20, 30, 40 something)\" in\nEnglish.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-29T00:53:00.483",
"id": "30111",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-29T23:04:34.160",
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{
"body": "It seems your understanding of 年相応{としそうおう}（歳相応{としそうおう}） is a bit incorrect. It\ndoes not refer to women who want to appear their age.\n\n年相応{としそうおう} means \"appropriate according to one's age\".\n\n> 年相応{としそうおう}に見{み}える: to look one's age.\n>\n> 年相応{としそうおう}に振{ふ}る舞{ま}う：to act accordingly to one's age\n\nThis can refer to any age group and either sex. For example, you can tell an\nadult who is having a fit to act his/her age, and you can comment on a high\nschool student who looks like he is in his twenties.\n\nI don't know a Japanese word (real or made-up) that refers to the specific\ndefinition you are asking for. Note that if I were to say\n「年相応{としそうおう}に見{み}られたい女性{じょせい}」(women who want to look their age), it can imply\n\"women who want to look their age (not younger, not older)\". Whether it's\nyounger or older is relative to the person. Two example cases:\n\nImagine two people coming to ask me for advice on how to look 年相応{としそうおう}:\n\n> 1) A high school boy that is constantly mistaken as his younger sister's\n> father.\n>\n> 2) A 30-year old woman who constantly mistaken as a mid-schooler.\n\nBoth can ask the exact same question「年相応{としそうおう}に見{み}られたい」(I want to look my\nage.) and both questions would be valid. For 1, the boy wants to look younger,\nand for 2, the woman wants to look older.\n\nHopefully this clears up any misunderstanding you have about the word.",
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"creation_date": "2015-12-29T02:11:40.567",
"id": "30113",
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| 30099 | null | 30113 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30102",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> --どんな望{のぞ}みも叶{かな}える、 **とまではいかないまでも**\n> 、魔術師{まじゅつし}としては十分{じゅうぶん}すぎる程価値{ほどかち}のある物だ。\n\n> It can fulfill every wish, ...., As a magician it has an incredible value.\n\nWhat does that mean? \nHas it any function in this sentence?\n\nI think it is: \nと言うまでは=Say something to that degree \n行かないまでも=It may not work\n\nと言うまでは行かないまでも=Even if you can't say it with certainty",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-28T13:13:33.750",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30100",
"last_activity_date": "2021-12-29T07:29:32.910",
"last_edit_date": "2021-12-29T07:29:32.910",
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"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "とまではいかないまでも meaning",
"view_count": 2232
} | [
{
"body": "> 「Phrase A + とまではいかないまでも + Phrase B」\n\nmeans\n\n> \"(It is) Phrase B **_if not_** (totally) Phrase A.\"\n\nThis expression means that it would be an overstatement if the speaker used\nPhrase A to describe something, so he would just describe it using Phrase B.\n\n> \" ** _It is more than a valuable item for a magician if not something that\n> will fulfill every wish_**.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-28T15:27:15.910",
"id": "30102",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-27T16:58:14.163",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-27T16:58:14.163",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "30100",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 30100 | 30102 | 30102 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30125",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/TiKxS.png)\n\n> 豪邸を三つ作っても **お釣りが来るほど** の価値がある一級品の武器の筈だ。\n\nI'm not sure how to interpret this part of the sentence. Is it some kind of\nphrase? I feel that it means something like \"It should be a first class weapon\nthat, even if you made three 豪邸, would be worth more.\"\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-28T15:06:22.930",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30101",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-29T14:29:13.687",
"last_edit_date": "2015-12-28T16:11:21.163",
"last_editor_user_id": "10316",
"owner_user_id": "10316",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "How do I interpret お釣りが来るほど？",
"view_count": 135
} | [
{
"body": "Something like that. It says that weapon is worth well more than three\nluxurious houses. That phrase is often used for a valuable. DanMachi?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-29T14:29:13.687",
"id": "30125",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-29T14:29:13.687",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11749",
"parent_id": "30101",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 30101 | 30125 | 30125 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "41680",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 西尾自身は、『暦物語』のころからミステリーを書きたくなってきたと振り返っている[1]。 \n> レトリックやダイアローグに凝った作品が多くなってきていたため、本シリーズはその辺りを抑えて書いているという[1]。 \n> **デビュー作『クビキリサイクル\n> 青色サヴァンと戯言遣い』とは共通項が多いとも述べており、今日子が同作品の舞台となる島に呼ばれてもおかしくない人物であることに触れ、そういう意味でも原点回帰かもしれないと語っている[1]。**\n>\n> Nishio Himself reflected that he wanted to write a mistery since the time of\n> Koyomi Monogatari. \n> Since the stories full of rhetoric and dialogs became a lot, with this\n> series he restrained himself on that aspect and started writing. \n> He said that it has many common aspect with his debut work [Neck cutting\n> cycle Blue Savin and the nonsense user] and .... With the debut work [Neck\n> cutting cycle Blue Savin and the nonsense user] it has many common points he\n> said, touching the fact that even if Kyouko were to be called to the island\n> which was the common setting of the novels it would not be a weird\n> character, even that could be a return to the past he said.\n\nI am really not sure at all I understand this sentence.\n\nHow should I parse the bold sentence?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-28T19:34:07.257",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30103",
"last_activity_date": "2021-10-17T17:32:30.693",
"last_edit_date": "2021-10-17T17:32:30.693",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"parsing"
],
"title": "デビュー作『クビキリサイクル 青色サヴァンと戯言遣い』とは共通項が多いとも述べており、今日子が同作品の舞台となる島に呼ばれてもおかしくない人物であることに触れ、そういう意味でも原点回帰かもしれないと語っている",
"view_count": 453
} | [
{
"body": "I would parse as follows:\n\n> He said that this series has many common aspect with his debut work _Neck\n> cutting cycle Blue Savin and the nonsense user_ , pointing out that if\n> Kyouko were to be called to the island -which was the common setting of the\n> novels- she would fit fine in the setting. In that sense, this series is\n> like going back to his origin [as a writer].\n\nSince you got most of it right, I was hoping I could just leave a comment, but\nI don't think my reputation allows me to comment.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-12-14T01:48:13.817",
"id": "41680",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "14634",
"parent_id": "30103",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 30103 | 41680 | 41680 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30105",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the meaning of\n\n> いかをとる\n\n(line 5)?\n\nI tried to juggle with the meanings of いか and とる, meanings that I knew about\nor I found about later on (<http://jisho.org/search/ika>), but I still cannot\nmake sense of their meaning together. Is this an idiom?\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/hUWfF.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-28T20:38:15.527",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30104",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-29T07:39:20.397",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7679",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "the meaning of いかをとる",
"view_count": 125
} | [
{
"body": "It's literally \"catching squid\". The mentioning of the boats should've helped\nyou with the context.\n\nIn case you didn't know, squid is commercially caught by attracting them using\nlights at night. Here's a [Google picture\nsearch](https://www.google.com/search?q=%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AB%E3%80%80%E6%BC%81&biw=1608&bih=897&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjPr47auv_JAhVY1WMKHXVQCl8Q_AUICCgB&dpr=0.9#imgrc=7215FJLndslzVM%3A).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-28T21:11:13.377",
"id": "30105",
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"owner_user_id": "9508",
"parent_id": "30104",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 30104 | 30105 | 30105 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30137",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "While playing a Japanese video game, I became curious about the layout of\nthese book pages that appear each time you finish a chapter of the game.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/NDvYm.jpg)\n\nThe text of each page summarizes one of the chapters, and is laid out in six\nlines. Each line contains 13 characters, grouped together into 4-4-5 character\nlong units, resulting in a column-like look.\n\nFor example, the first two lines read,\n\n> そだって あばれた ガソリンゴ\n>\n> なんとか たおした いのちがけ\n\nSince the form is so schematic I thought this might be modeled to be a kind of\nJapanese poem. Knowing next to nothing about Japanese poetry, I researched the\nWikipedia article on the topic, but couldn't find anything that would\ncorrespond with this scheme.\n\nIs the layout of this text supposed to be reminiscent of a form of poetry, or\nis it more likely to have been made up by the writer?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-28T21:34:08.270",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30106",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-29T23:14:46.653",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "3527",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"poetry"
],
"title": "Is the layout of this text supposed to resemble a style of poem?",
"view_count": 733
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, this 4-4-5 (or 4-4-7) rhythm has a nice ring (語呂がいい) to the ears of\nJapanese. Nicopedia even maintains a [list of words which happen to have such\n4-4-5\nbeats](http://dic.nicovideo.jp/a/%E4%B8%83%E4%BA%94%E8%AA%BF%E3%81%AE%E8%A8%80%E8%91%89%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7).\n\nKitahara Hakushu's [あめんぼの歌](http://mikumaku.com/nihon/02amenbo.htm) is one of\nthe best-known poems which uses this pattern throughout the lines. The lyrics\nof the theme song of [水戸黄門](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mito_K%C5%8Dmon)\n([video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhDHkB-GQhg); [full\nlyrics](http://www.utamap.com/showkasi.php?surl=F04410)) follow this 4-4-5\npattern.\n\nオリエンタルラジオ is a comedy duo that uses this 4-4-5 (or 4-4-7) beats in their bits\n([video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V92UD5Gb8Y0)). You can hear that\ntheir punch lines basically follow this rhythm:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/DXMHp.png)\n\nNicopedia says this pattern can be called 七五調【しちごちょう】, but I'm not sure about\nthat, because 七五調 usually refers to the 5-7-5 pattern of haiku/waka.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-29T23:14:46.653",
"id": "30137",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-29T23:14:46.653",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "30106",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 30106 | 30137 | 30137 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30115",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am trying to say: \"Shall I buy it?\" Which would be better?\n\n私は買いましょうか？ or 私が買いましょうか？",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-28T22:00:13.490",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30107",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-29T02:43:50.247",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11827",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles"
],
"title": "Which is better? 私は買いましょうか？ or 私が買いましょうか？",
"view_count": 240
} | [
{
"body": "Assuming you mean \"Shall I buy it?\" in the sense of **offering to buy\nsomething** (i.e. \"Do you want me to buy it?\" or \"Shall I be the one to buy\nit?\") then 私が買いましょうか？ is best.\n\nIf \"Shall I buy it?\" is wondering to oneself \"Hmm... shall I buy it?\" then\nneither. That would need a completely different phrase to the two offered in\nthe OP.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-28T22:50:21.177",
"id": "30108",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-28T23:51:34.760",
"last_edit_date": "2015-12-28T23:51:34.760",
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"owner_user_id": "3010",
"parent_id": "30107",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Instead of answering which is better, I would like to write some opinion. If\nin the situation here,\n\n> Shall I buy it?\n\n\" **I** \" is not that important (the person you are talking to, knows it is\nabout \" **you buy or not** \", not \"who to buy it\"), I suggest 買いましょうか{かいましょうか}\n/ 買おうか{かおうか} / 買っちゃうか{かっちゃうか} ... which means you wish to have some feedback /\nyou are considering buy or not youself (but saying.. hah)\n\nApart from \" **shall I buy it** \", you are actually asking the difference\nbetween は and が. Let's keep discussing if you still have problems :)\n\n一緒に頑張りましょう (look here, you don't have to say\n私たちが{わたしたちが}一緒に{いっしょに}頑張りましょう{がんばりましょう})",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-29T02:32:44.363",
"id": "30115",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-29T02:43:50.247",
"last_edit_date": "2015-12-29T02:43:50.247",
"last_editor_user_id": "11929",
"owner_user_id": "11929",
"parent_id": "30107",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 30107 | 30115 | 30108 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've never seen spaces before in Japanese.\n\nThe other day, however, I noticed that Shin Kubota's name in Japanese is often\nstylized with a space:\n\n> 久保田 信\n\nwhich really struck me.\n\nIt isn't necessarily always written this way, as I have seen, but it certainly\nis not an accident.\n\nThis all got me wondering: when are spaces used in Japanese? There must be a\npoint, and a rule?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-29T04:20:45.890",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30117",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-29T16:16:07.577",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5518",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"punctuation"
],
"title": "Usage of spaces in Japanese?",
"view_count": 11236
} | [
{
"body": "There \"should be\" a space between family name (姓{せい} / 苗字{みょうじ}) and the name\n(名前{なまえ}) actually.\n\nThis wiki page has no English version but just for your reference:\n[和字間隔{わじかんかく}](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E5%AD%97%E9%96%93%E9%9A%94)\n\nI have read this [post\n(姓名{せいめい}の表記法{ひょうきほう}について)](http://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/2353377.html) and\nfound a nice answer.\n\nIn articles, writers don't use spaces in character / people names. But in many\n(maybe all other) situations, we put that space.\n\nI'm sorry I am not sure the exact reason or the story of that spaces, etc. But\nthe advantages are pretty clear. It will be much easy to know which is family\nname and which is the name. As you know Kanji doesn't like English. And also,\nit is type of respect. We do specially to writing others' names.\n\nBut the sum up, we don't HAVE TO put the spaces.\n\nAlso, about spaces in Japanese writting. Young students sometimes actually put\na space after Joshi (助詞{じょし}) (particle), to make the sentence more easy to\nread.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-29T04:49:36.213",
"id": "30119",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-29T16:16:07.577",
"last_edit_date": "2015-12-29T16:16:07.577",
"last_editor_user_id": "11589",
"owner_user_id": "11929",
"parent_id": "30117",
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"score": 6
},
{
"body": "The answer to your question is funny enough. The are no space in the written\nlanguage, because they are not necessary. Hiragana e Kanji do a nice job when\nit comes to logically divide the meaning of the words, while Katakana takes\ncare of non-Japanese words. It's true that some are written in Hiragana only,\nbut they are so common to be unmistakable, e.g. こんにちは, ありがとう, etc., and easily\ndiscernible when next to particles or adverbs.\n\nI think the reason to insert sometimes a space between first and last name is\nalso practical. Some last names are hard to read for Japanese as well, as they\ncould have rare readings. Having them visually split may help.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-29T15:08:18.590",
"id": "30128",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-29T15:08:18.590",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12062",
"parent_id": "30117",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 30117 | null | 30119 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30121",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is an isolated example sentence from my kanji practice workbook:\n\n> 土地の値段が高くて、とても家など買えない。\n\nI _think_ the gist of this sentence is: \"The price of land is high, and I can\nbarely afford to buy a house, etc.\"\n\nI know that, if the sentence wanted to say \"many houses,\" they would use\n「たくさん」, so I am making the assumption that 「とても」goes along with 「買えない」, and\nthus has the meaning of \"barely\" or \"hardly\", but I'm not confident that\nthat's actually what is happening. I'm also wondering why 「あまり」wouldn't be\nused, given the negative verb conjugation?\n\nIf anyone knows a specific rule, I'd appreciate your insight!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-29T04:58:40.303",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30120",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-29T05:06:45.060",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "3585",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Help understanding the uses of 「とても」in this sentence",
"view_count": 190
} | [
{
"body": "The second definition of とても on\n[jisho.org](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%A6%E3%82%82) has the\nfollowing definition (when combined with a negative form):\n\n> (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)\n\nSo you are correct in saying that it goes along with 買えない. とても heavily\nemphasizes the negative part of it.\n\n> 土地の値段が高くて、とても家など買えない。 \n> The price of land is so high, there's no way I can buy a house or anything!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-29T05:06:45.060",
"id": "30121",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-29T05:06:45.060",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9749",
"parent_id": "30120",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 30120 | 30121 | 30121 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Are they interchangeable, or is 昨週 an old way to say it, and not used as much\nany more?\n\n> 昨週レストランに友だちと行った。\n\nIf anybody knows any kind of nuances or differences, such as where one would\nbe more appropriate, it would be interesting to know. Thank you very much!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-29T10:10:12.630",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30123",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-05T16:42:31.953",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10151",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "昨週 - when is it used? (compared with 先週)",
"view_count": 547
} | [
{
"body": "`昨週` is in a dictionary, but I have never heard the word. While\n`昨週レストランに友だちと行った` is not necessarily incorrect, I think `先週` is the most\nnatural word for any instance. It's also confirmed by search results in\nGoogle:\n\n * `先週` 24,800,000 results\n * `昨週` 11,200 results\n\nThere are no difference between `先週` and `昨週` in meaning. `昨週` does not seem\nto be old-fashioned. It's just a rarely-used word.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-29T13:59:25.263",
"id": "30124",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-29T14:49:02.183",
"last_edit_date": "2015-12-29T14:49:02.183",
"last_editor_user_id": "11749",
"owner_user_id": "11749",
"parent_id": "30123",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "昨週, reads saku-shuu, is a noun. It's simply not used in the language, even if\nit can be translated as \"last week\" as 先週, reads sen-shuu, which is an adverb.\nThe kanji 昨 is used to say \"yesterday\" though, in the word 昨日, reads kinou.\nWhen you are talking about somebody you pay your respect to and/or you like to\nbe more polite to the person your are speaking to, you read 昨日 as saku-jitsu.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-29T14:47:10.490",
"id": "30126",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-29T14:47:10.490",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12062",
"parent_id": "30123",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "昨 mean (the) last. 昨日 means 'yesterday,' 昨週 means 'last week.' 昨週 and 先週 is\nthe same thing, but we seldom hear the former (昨週) these days. In written\nform, it looks natural. In colloquial form, it sounds too stylish and awkward.\nWe say 昨年、昨夏、昨晩、likewise. 昨年 is common as well as 去年。 昨夏、昨晩 sound stylish and\na bit outdated as compared with 去年の夏、昨日の夜 to me. But that's my personal\nopinion.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-31T00:07:04.740",
"id": "30157",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-05T16:42:31.953",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-05T16:42:31.953",
"last_editor_user_id": "814",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "30123",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 30123 | null | 30124 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30130",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Well just as the title indicates, I've heard in a game the word \"土日\" used and\ntranslated as \"weekend\", and wanting to learn the word since I realized I\ndidn't know it yet, I checked on Jisho, but the common word given for weekend\nis \"週末\" ? Which one is more correct, and are there some specific settings or\ncircumstances when one would be used over the other ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-29T15:31:09.317",
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"id": "30129",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"usage"
],
"title": "Difference between 土日 and 週末",
"view_count": 338
} | [
{
"body": "In the literal sense, `週末` is a term used to refer to only Saturday because a\nweek starts in Sunday in Japan. `土日` obviously means \"Saturday and Sunday\", so\nthose word are different.\n\nHowever, the meaning of `週末` depends on context. `週末` means Saturday and\nSunday in most cases, however infrequently includes Friday night.\n\nAdditionally, I feel more like `土日` is a informal word, so I don't think it's\na great idea to use it in a formal document. You can use `週末` in all\nsituations.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-29T16:30:49.530",
"id": "30130",
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},
{
"body": "Just to add, 土日 strongly implies ALL OF the Saturday and the Sunday. 週末 leaves\nroom for it being half Saturday and the Sunday. Sometimes schools do half day\ninstructions on Saturdays.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2022-05-06T05:22:08.670",
"id": "94383",
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]
| 30129 | 30130 | 30130 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30161",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It's hard to tell where the following breaks up as it's in one bubble.\n\n> まあまあ \n> せっかくだから[買]{か}いに[行]{い}ったらどうだ \n> [山田]{やまだ}だって[必要]{ひつよう}だろ\n\nAnyway. My attempt at (somewhat literal) translation here is:\n\n> Now now, \n> Because it's troubling, how about if we went to the store? \n> It is necessary, 山田 having existed.\n\nThe last part makes no sense.\n\nI'm not sure what the connective だって or the せっかく are doing here. Or the last\nだろ, for that matter.\n\n**EDIT**\n\nA new translation based off information provided in the comments:\n\n> Because it would be a shame not to, how about about if we went to the store?\n> I guess 山田 needs to as well.\n\nThe character is responding to one a question from another character who is\nwondering if everyone has a certain item.\n\nP.S. I've avoided mentioning the source because of the absolutely humiliating\nnature of the translation assignment (the same one as my classmate's from\nother posts, it turns out). I'll give a link to on one image, but caution you\nagainst reading the series. Unless you have morbid tastes.\n\n<http://mangamatome.tv/view_9995_3.html>",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-29T18:24:52.210",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30131",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-12-29T23:05:44.217",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11999",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conjugations",
"tense",
"particle-って",
"past"
],
"title": "Connective だって and use of せっかく",
"view_count": 258
} | [
{
"body": "My translation would be:\n\n> Well now,\n>\n> since we've come all this way, how about going to buy one (bathing suit)?\n>\n> Anyway, Yamada needs one, right?\n\nWithout reading the entire comic in your link, I am guessing that getting to\nthe beach was kind of a journey. In this case `せっかくだから` means something like\n\"since we've already done this difficult thing\" or \"since we traveled all the\nway here\", etc. `だって` with someone's name can serve to call attention to that\nperson, pointing them out amongst others to remark about something concerning\nthem that may be unique or special -- in this case, the fact that he has no\nbathing suit and that the previous statement directly applies to him.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-31T02:52:32.290",
"id": "30161",
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}
]
| 30131 | 30161 | 30161 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30146",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I've seen the reading of 株式会社 written both with rendaku and without. I can't\ntell whether the version without rendaku is simply a typo, or a true variant\nof the word.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-29T18:42:57.193",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30132",
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"owner_user_id": "12063",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"rendaku"
],
"title": "Is 株式会社 read as かぶしきがいしゃ or かぶしきかいしゃ?",
"view_count": 2067
} | [
{
"body": "There are entries from [9 dictionaries on\nkotobank.jp](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%A0%AA%E5%BC%8F%E4%BC%9A%E7%A4%BE-2416).\nThree give no explicit reading, three say かぶしき **が** いしゃ, and three say かぶしき\n**か** いしゃ. Could it be any more inconclusive?\n\nI think I always hear it with _rendaku_ , and two of the nine dictionary\nentries are from 大辞林 and 大辞泉, two popular monolingual dictionaries. These two\nmay not be entirely independent indicators, but I would go with かぶしき **が**\nいしゃ, with _rendaku_. Still, I wouldn't go as far as calling かぶしきかいしゃ a typo.\n\n(As with all \"reading\" questions, it seems particularly hard to find any\ncorpus data, because the reading is never spelled out. _Cf._ 今日 こんじつ こんにち きょう\nor 私 わたくし わたし etc.)",
"comment_count": 10,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-29T20:37:16.863",
"id": "30135",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "1628",
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"score": 5
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{
"body": "株式会社 is pronounced both _kabushiki kaisha_ and _kabushiki gaisha_. But it is\npredominantly pronounced _kabushiki **g** aisha_ today in Japan. By the same\ntoken, more people call 投資信託会社 (investment trust company) _tōshi shintaku\ngaisha_ instead of _tōshi shintaku kaisha_.\n\nWhen you voice 株式 and 会社 separately, you should pronounce them _kabushiki_ and\n_kaisha_ individually.\n\nWe call the sounds of か行（syllabic line）— か、き、く、け、こ ( _ka, ki, ku, ke, ko_ ) —\n清音 (literally \"clear sounds\"), and its voiced (vowel and consonant) line —\nが、ぎ、ぐ、げ、ご ( _ga, gi, gu, ge, go_ ) — 濁音 (literally \"unclear sounds\"). We don't\nuse 濁音 for 株式 on its own.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-29T22:52:02.680",
"id": "30136",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-30T09:31:21.943",
"last_edit_date": "2015-12-30T09:31:21.943",
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"owner_user_id": "12056",
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"score": 3
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{
"body": "Although **[this dictionary](http://www.kyj-\nkyj.info/%E6%A0%AA%E5%BC%8F%E4%BC%9A%E7%A4%BE.htm)** says 株式会社 as カブシキ・カイシャ，I\nhave never ever met anyone said in my enrire career sombody in a company said\n\"Our company's name is カブシキ・カイシャ XXXXXX，or XXXXX カブシキ・カイシャ\" ( Sometimes, in\nbusiness mannars, whether the name of the company should be placed before\nカブシキ・ガイシャ or after do matter. ( For example, when you are trying to send\ninvoices to them. ) And it is really hard to say, ( as an example,\nカブシキ・カイシャ・トヨタジドウシャ ( People of Toyota could think of you a strange guy, in my\npersonal guess unless you are not a native Japanese. ))\n\nIt is commonly held in the business world, I am enough certain that people\nwould not call a company XXXXXX カブシキ・カイシャ or カブシキ・カイシャ XXXXXX.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-30T01:34:41.997",
"id": "30139",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-30T01:34:41.997",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Although かぶしき **か** いしゃ is not wrong, かぶしき **が** いしゃ is more common in recent\nyears, as explained in other answers.\n\nWhen the word 会社 follows a noun and forms a compound noun, it's usually read\n**が** いしゃ. For example,\n\n> 株式会社 かぶしき **が** いしゃ\n>\n> 合名会社 ごうめい **が** いしゃ\n>\n> 合資会社 ごうし **が** いしゃ\n>\n> 合同会社 ごうどう **が** いしゃ\n>\n> 有限会社 ゆうげん **が** いしゃ\n>\n> 保険会社 ほけん **が** いしゃ\n>\n> 食品会社 しょくひん **が** いしゃ\n>\n> 格安航空会社 かくやすこうくう **が** いしゃ\n>\n> 製造会社 せいぞう **が** いしゃ\n>\n> 配給会社 はいきゅう **が** いしゃ\n>\n> 制作会社／製作会社 せいさく **が** いしゃ\n>\n> 運営会社 うんえい **が** いしゃ\n>\n> 幽霊会社 ゆうれい **が** いしゃ\n>\n> 親会社 おや **が** いしゃ\n>\n> 子会社 こ **が** いしゃ\n>\n> 大会社 だい **が** いしゃ etc.\n\nHowever, there are a few exceptions.\n\n> 一人会社 いちにん **か** いしゃ\n>\n> 人的会社 じんてき **か** いしゃ\n>\n> 物的会社 ぶってき **か** いしゃ etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-30T05:13:30.970",
"id": "30146",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "10484",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 8
}
]
| 30132 | 30146 | 30146 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30138",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/pNPvC.png)\n\n> そこまで言いかけたリュー **だったが** 、へたり込んでいるリリを見てすっと目を細めた。\n\nI'm not sure if が is acting as a conjunctive particle or a subject marker. Is\nit correct to interpret this as\n\n> (そこまで言いかけたリューだった)が、へたり込んでいるリリを見てすっと目を細めた。\n\nThank you!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-29T19:48:36.073",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30133",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-29T23:24:51.813",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "10316",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does が do in this sentence?",
"view_count": 98
} | [
{
"body": "This が is a conjunctive particle which corresponds to \"and\", \"but\", etc.\n\n「そこまで言いかけたリュー」 could be a noun phrase, but 「そこまで言いかけたリューだった」 is not a noun\nphrase, and thus can't serve as a subject.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-29T23:24:51.813",
"id": "30138",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 30133 | 30138 | 30138 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30147",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I came across the following lines.\n\n> ・・・俺としては、下駄箱の中に手紙が入っているみたいなほうが好みだった。でも **これはこれで** 、少なくとも相手が積極的だってことはわかる。\n\nI am wondering about **the meaning of 「これはこれで」** here. As one might expect, it\ndoes not have any entries in the dictionaries that I use. However, it seems to\nme to mean something along the lines of \"that aside\".\n\nIf this is the case, what would be **the difference between 「これはこれで」 and the\n「それはそれとして」** below?\n\n> ・・・まあ、 **それはそれとして** 、正解の答えがわかっても、どうすればあの「sprachgefühl」が身につけられるかという問題が残っています。\n\nThey both appear to have similar meanings.\n\nOr would the sentence perhaps be better interpreted as such?\n\n> [これは] [これで少なくとも {相手が積極的だ} ってことはわかる]。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-29T19:50:22.920",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30134",
"last_activity_date": "2019-06-15T23:40:55.533",
"last_edit_date": "2019-06-15T23:40:55.533",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9838",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Meaning of 「これはこれで」, and the difference between it and 「それはそれとして」",
"view_count": 4764
} | [
{
"body": "それはそれ **として** means \"that aside, ...\" \"apart form that, ...\" \nCompare: \nこれはこれとして \"that aside, ...\" \"setting this apart, ...\" \"apart from this, ...\"\n\nThe これはこれ **で** (≒ (これは)これ **なりに** ) here means \"This (is good/okay, etc.) in\nits own way.\" \nCompare: \nそれはそれで/(それは)それなりに = \"That (is good/okay etc.) in its own way.\" \n彼は彼で/(彼は)彼なりに = \"He (is trying hard / doing his best, etc.) in his own way.\"\n\nI would parse your sentence this way:\n\n> [これはこれで][少なくとも{「相手が積極的だ」ってことは}]わかる。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-30T05:34:06.280",
"id": "30147",
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
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"score": 9
},
{
"body": "I think these are shifting between the topics.\n\n「それはそれとして」 When we use this, we mean 'leaving that topic as it is, now let's\ntalk about this instead.'\n\n「これはこれで」 When we use this, we mean 'whatever else is there, this one is...'\n\n「それはそうなんだが」 \n「あれもそうなんだけど」 \ncould also be used to shift the topic, to talk about something that is on the\nplate in front of the speaker.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-30T07:02:42.010",
"id": "30148",
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"owner_user_id": "12068",
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"score": 0
}
]
| 30134 | 30147 | 30147 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30143",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am translating this from the manga Attack on Titan:\n\n> そんなんでイザッて時に戦えんの\n\nThe show translates this text to:\n\n> Can you fight like that if you have to? \n> (the main character is asking a guy if he is able to fight drunk if they\n> are suddenly attacked)\n\nI am familiar with 「そんな」. The next part 「んで」I don't get. Then we flip to an\nunfamiliar combo of kana 「イザッて」. I get the time part. The last part is about\nwar so that makes sense....except that 「ん」 slid his way in again.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-30T03:37:18.950",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30141",
"last_activity_date": "2022-02-23T01:27:31.523",
"last_edit_date": "2022-02-23T01:27:31.523",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "4243",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"parsing"
],
"title": "ん in strange places: そんなんで",
"view_count": 459
} | [
{
"body": "> そんなんでイザッて時に戦えんの\n\nwould be a colloquial way of saying\n\n> そんなので(≒そんな[風]{ふう}で/そんな状態で/そんな調子で)、いざという時に戦えるの？\n\nBreakdown:\n\nそんなの -- like that; something like that (そんな + particle の as a nominalizer) \n[で](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/148951/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%A7/) -- a case\nparticle/格助詞 (そんなので here would be like \"If you're (drunk) like that\") \n[いざという時](http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%22%E3%81%84%E3%81%96%E3%81%A8%E3%81%84%E3%81%86%E3%81%A8%E3%81%8D%E3%81%AB%22)\n-- in an emergency; in time of need\n([いざ](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/10904/meaning/m0u/) is an\ninterjection/感嘆詞) \n戦える -- the potential form of the verb 戦う \nの -- a sentence ending particle/終助詞",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-30T04:04:10.057",
"id": "30143",
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "30141",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 11
}
]
| 30141 | 30143 | 30143 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30155",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is 片方 only used for things that come in pairs? For example I can say:\n\n> 彼は **片方** の眉を吊り上げた。 \n> He raised an eyebrow.\n\nBut can I say:\n\n> 彼は左の手の **片方** の指を折れていた。 \n> He broke one of the fingers on his left hand.\n\nor would it have to be just 彼は左の手の指を一本折れていた (or whatever the counter for\nfingers is)?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-30T17:00:10.983",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30150",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-31T01:04:30.447",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Is 片方 only used for things that come in twos?",
"view_count": 285
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, it is limited to just two.\n\nIn fact, all the monolingual dictionaries I searched defined it using the word\n対{つい} (pair). For example,\n[dictionary.goo.ne.jp:](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/42080/meaning/m0u/%E7%89%87%E6%96%B9/)\n\n> 対になっているものの一つ。 \n> One item from a pair\n\nSo it would make sense to use it to mention one of your two hands, but not one\nof your five fingers.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-30T21:19:41.243",
"id": "30154",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-30T21:19:41.243",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9749",
"parent_id": "30150",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "片方 means one of a pair. But 片方の眉を吊り上げる、somehow sounds awkward to us, though\nthere's no grammatical problem. We say simply 眉を吊り上げる when we are angry, or\nheard a shocking thing. This is possibly we Japanese don't have the idea of\nsingular / plural forms of noun. You cannot say 彼は左の手の片方の指を折れていた for \"He broke\none of the fingers on his left hand.\" You can say 彼は左の手の一本の指が折れていた, or\n彼は左の手の一本の指を折った。But be aware that 一本の指が折れていた means status of his fingers, i.e.\nOne of fingers of his left hand is broken , while 一本の指を折った refers to his\naction, i.e. He broke the bone of one of his fingers. You cannot say\n'指を一本折れていた.' You should say '指が一本折れていた.'The function of noun, 指 in \"指を\" is an\nobjective. 指 in \"指が\" is a subject.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-30T23:45:29.630",
"id": "30155",
"last_activity_date": "2015-12-31T01:04:30.447",
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"owner_user_id": "12056",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 30150 | 30155 | 30154 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How would I distinguish ない as in the negative of ある and 無い the adjective? For\nexample, if we have the sentence\n\n> 食べ物がない\n\nis the ない there just the negative form of ある or is it specifically the\ni-adjective? I always assumed the former, but recently while reading an older\nnovel which used kanji for words that have mostly dropped them more recently,\nI did see 無い used in that way, and obviously the kanji made the distinction\nclear. I'd mainly find this concerning for polite speech, since there's a more\nobvious difference between ありません and ないです.\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-30T18:43:27.570",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"negation",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "ない vs 無い: Negative ある vs adjective?",
"view_count": 1202
} | [
{
"body": "In the Standard Japanese vocabulary, the adjective ない replaces plain negative\nof ある (whose regular form should have been *あらない). It's the same phenomenon\nwith the past form of \"go\" being \"went\" in English, called\n**[suppletion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suppletion)**.\n\nSo the answer is: _it is both an adjective and the negative of ある_.\n\n> _I did see 無い used in that way, and obviously the kanji made the distinction\n> clear._\n\nThere's no distinction and whether they use kanji or not belongs to personal\npreferences. It's however true that the older the more kanji they tend to use,\nsince [the post-WWII mainstream orthography has discouraged people from using\nkanji for function words](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24068/7810).\n\n> _I'd mainly find this concerning for polite speech, since there's a more\n> obvious difference between ありません and ないです._\n\nThis is a good point. Prescriptively this effect of suppletion only involves\nits plain form and the polite negative is regular: ありません.\n\nHowever in reality, we do apply it to polite form and make a phrase ないです. The\ntwo forms are competing, and when to use which is [another somewhat delicate\nproblem](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2574/7810).\n\n* * *\n\nAlso see:\n[「ある」と「ない」は動詞か形容詞か…](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30356/7810)",
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| 30151 | null | 38612 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30153",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/RU6Ri.jpg) \nThis is probably asked a lot around here. I started learning Hiragana a few\ndays ago and this is my progress so far Good? Bad? Give me your thoughts, I'm\nopen to criticism.",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-30T19:22:45.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30152",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "12065",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -4,
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"handwriting"
],
"title": "Is my Hiragana good?",
"view_count": 3655
} | [
{
"body": "It's all more or less legible, but some of the characters are very unbalanced.\nPersonally I think your そ and と are pretty much fine, but the others are\npoorly shaped.\n\nAll Japanese characters fit into a square by design. Because of this, for\nhiragana as with katakana and kanji, squares are used to teach the proportions\nand ratios to students when they practice.\n\nTake a look at this picture:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/6Vdzp.jpg)\n\nHere, a square is provided so that students can learn where to position the\ndots, loops, and cross within な. I think this is missing from your hiragana.\nEspecially given that you were writing on squared paper, it's easy to see that\nyour characters don't fit into squares, and that the proportions are non-\noptimal, especially with say, た, ほ, and は. Also, note where characters do and\ndon't have flicks. な doesn't normally have a flick on the dot unless in\ncalligraphy, and also with the こ shape in に the same is true.\n\nJust take more time looking closely at how computers and people write them\n(computers are actually surprisingly good for Japanese character shapes\ncompared to English). Closely copy where and how they are drawn, with careful\nattention to what type of strokes you're drawing. That's my main advice. That\nand practice squares.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-30T20:03:22.113",
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| 30152 | 30153 | 30153 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30159",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is there a name for a situation when a train departing from a source station\n(始発電車) arrives empty and waits for passengers?\n\nFor example, is there a way to ask if the train is already waiting on a\nplatform, or when it will be ready for passengers? Like:\n\n> 豊岡行はもう◯◯していますか \n> 新宮行は発車の何分前◯◯しますか\n\nI guess 到着 does not apply in this case, as the train does not formally arrive\nat the departing station. 準備していますか sounds too general on the other hand.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-30T23:59:20.027",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "11104",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"phrase-requests",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "A verb or noun for a 始発電車 arriving for passengers",
"view_count": 184
} | [
{
"body": "The technical term for that is 「[入線]{にゅうせん}」 for the noun and you can attach\nto it 「する/した/している, etc.」 to form a verb.\n\n[入線 in\n大辞林](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%85%A5%E7%B7%9A-593154#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88)\n\nWill you actually hear us \"regular\" native-speaker passengers use the term?\nNo, you rarely would if ever. It would mostly be either a railroad employee or\na rail buff who might use it.\n\nThe rest of the nation would use phrases such as:\n\n> 「[始発]{しはつ}はもう[入]{はい}って（い）ますか。」\n>\n> 「始発はいつ入ってきますか/入りますか。」\n>\n> 「[東京]{とうきょう}行{い}きは[発車]{はっしゃ}の[何分前]{なんぷんまえ}に入ってきますか/入りますか。」",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-31T01:07:40.473",
"id": "30159",
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{
"body": "As a Japanese, I say that you can use 「到着」\n\n> 豊岡行はもう到着していますか\n>\n> 新宮行は発車の何分前に到着の予定ですか\n\nBTW, in an announce, they say「電車が参ります」 not 「電車が入ります」\n\nEDIT: in a timetable 「着」 means 「到着」, 「発」 means 「出発」\n<https://gyazo.com/8eb94dcfe8fdcda546e5fadec01c22fe>",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-31T06:19:04.637",
"id": "30162",
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"score": 3
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| 30156 | 30159 | 30159 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30170",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm not comfortable with how `~~とは...` is used in my textbook:\n\n> 彼{かれ}がひどいことをした`とは`信{しん}じがたい。\n\nThat `信じる` is only transitive makes me think that `~~とは...` is a\nnominalization method. But, I've never seen that method of nominalization\nbefore. So, I interpret `~~とは...` to be a conjunction and imply a direct\nobject as such:\n\n> He did a really bad thing, and I just cannot believe it.\n\nThe straight-up nominalization interpretation (which I reject because of the\nnominalization method looks strange to me) would be:\n\n> I find it hard to believe that he did such an awful thing.\n\nSo, what's going on with the `~~とは...` conjunction? / nominalization?\n\n# straight out of textbook\n\n> あの優しい彼がそんなひどいことをした`とは`信じがたい。\n\n**note**\n\n> 断った`とは`信じがたい\n\nis used in the title because it is just shorter and should involve the same\ngrammatical structure. If it's not, then learning the difference would be very\ninstructive.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-31T00:27:51.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30158",
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"owner_user_id": "10547",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"conjunctions",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "Is \"断ったとは信じがたい\" a nominalization?",
"view_count": 360
} | [
{
"body": "「とは」 here is _**not**_ being used for nominalization. As a matter of fact, I\ncould not think of a situation where 「とは」 could be used for pure\nnominalization.\n\nWe are talking about 「とは」 and not 「ことは」, right?\n\n> 「彼がひどいことをした **とは** 信じがたい。」 =\n>\n> \"I find it hard to believe that he did such an awful thing.\" to borrow your\n> own TL.\n\nIn this sentence, 「とは」 _**expresses the speaker's surprise/disbelief/anger,\netc.**_ depending on the exact context.\n\nThis usage of 「とは」 is actually quite common.\n\n「まさかヤンキースが[勝]{か}つ **とは** ！」 = \"Never thought the Yankees would win!\" Yes, you\ncan end a sentence with this usage of 「とは」 without using a verb phrase.\n\n「Aのような[小]{ちい}さな[町]{まち}に、こんなにうまいラーメン[屋]{や}がある **とは** [想像]{そうぞう}していなかった。」 = \"I\ncould not have imagined that there would be such a great ramen joint like this\nin a small town like A!\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-31T11:27:29.927",
"id": "30166",
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"score": 8
},
{
"body": "To break down, this とは is the quotative particle と, followed by the \"topic\nmarker\" は. Probably you already know how to use と in sentences like these:\n\n> * 彼が学生だ **と** 聞いている。 I've heard he's a student.\n> * 明日は晴れる **と** 思う。 I think it will be fine tomorrow.\n> * プロジェクトが成功する **と** 信じている。 I believe the project will succeed.\n>\n\nWhen you add は after と, such は will function as the marker of contrast. You\nprobably know this, too.\n\n> * 彼が学生だ **とは** 聞いている。 I've heard he's a student (but nothing else about\n> him).\n> * プロジェクトが成功する **とは** 信じている。 (implies the speaker is expecting something\n> bad can happen, despite the project's success)\n>\n\nThese sentences are irrelevant to nominalization, although you can also\nrephrase some of these sentences using nominalizers (プロジェクトが成功する **ことを**\n信じている。).\n\nNow, when these sentences are negated, these と are _usually_ followed by は.\nThis is discussed in another question.\n\n[Why is the topic marker often used in negative statements (ではない,\n～とは思わない)?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1077/5010)\n\n> * 彼が学生だ **とは** 聞いていない。 I haven't heard he's a student.\n> * 明日は晴れる **とは** 思わない。 I don't think it will be fine tomorrow.\n> * プロジェクトが成功する **とは** 信じていない。 I don't believe the project will succeed.\n>\n\nUnlike non-negative versions, there は are not necessarily contrastive, as\ndiscussed in the linked question. You just need them to make the sentences\nlook natural. But these は after と are still optional, especially in relative\nclauses. And 信じがたい is semantically negative, although it's not grammatically\nnegative.\n\n(By the way, end-sentence とは can denote the speaker's surprise (eg 彼が学生だとは!),\nbut I think mid-sentence とは are usually neutral)",
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| 30158 | 30170 | 30166 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to say, \"Okinawan people have a very strong cultural identity\". Any\nidea on how to say this concept in Japanese?\n\nWould it be 「沖縄の民族は文化のアイデンティティがつよいです。」？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-31T01:53:56.510",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30160",
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"owner_user_id": "11098",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"culture"
],
"title": "How to say \"Cultural Identity\"",
"view_count": 748
} | [
{
"body": "The literal translation is\n[文化的アイデンティティ](http://www.nihongokyoshi.co.jp/manbow/manbow.php?id=223&TAB=2),\nbut it's only a sociological term in Japan. If you're trying to make yourself\nunderstood by those other than graduate students, it's better to say such as:\n\n> 沖縄の人々は沖縄文化への帰属意識がとても強いです。\n>\n> 沖縄の人々は文化的な一体性がとても強いです。\n>\n> 沖縄の人々は沖縄人（であるという）意識がとても強いです。\n>\n> 沖縄の人々は自分たちの文化にとても誇りを持っています。\n\naccording to your context.\n\nBy the way, 民族 is anything but a vanilla word for \"people\" (it means \"ethnic\ngroup\"). There are many words in Japanese that can be translated into\n\"people\", but every word has distinct usage. If you just mean ordinary people,\nyou should choose 人々 \"persons\" or 人たち \"folks\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 30160 | null | 30164 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30165",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've always known that と may be used as a particle that is required for the\nformation of a conditional phrase or to quote someone's speech. So, what is\nthe function of the last particle in the following sentence?\n\n> なぜと申しますと",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-31T09:38:29.060",
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"id": "30163",
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"owner_user_id": "12081",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particles",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "What does the particle at the end of なぜと申しますと mean?",
"view_count": 443
} | [
{
"body": "> 「なぜと[申]{もう}します **と** 」\n\nIn this case, 「と」at the end is a _**conjunctive particle**_ that serves as a\n_**preface**_ to the statement that follows.\n\nThus, the only statement that can logically follow 「なぜと[申]{もう}します **と** 」 is\none that explains the reason for whatever is being discussed.\n\nThe 「と」 in 「なぜと」, by the way, is _**quotative**_ in case anyone is wondering.\nSo we have two different kinds of 「と」 used in such a short phrase.\n\nUsually, the entire sentence will look like:\n\n> 「なぜと[申]{もう}しますと、～～～～ **から** です。」 =\n>\n> \"To tell you the reason, it is/was because ~~~~.\"\n\n(This might sound off-topic, but in real life, saying 「なぜ **か** と申しますと」 is\ndefinitely more common than saying 「なぜと申しますと」. That, however, makes no\ndifference in the function of 「と」 at the end.)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2015-12-31T10:42:52.207",
"id": "30165",
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{
"body": "I’m not grammarian. So I don’t know how to call the function of ‘と’ on strict\ngrammatical term. But なぜ（か）と申しますと’can be translated as ‘I say because (it is\n...) / The reason why I’m saying so is that …./ If you ask me why, it is\nbecause ….”\n\n“と” here works as a conjunction – correct me if I’m wrong - of “なぜ(か)” and\n“申します.” In the same token “と” is used as conjunction following the preceding\nsentence or unspoken sentence in such way as “と言うことで、今日はお開きにしましょう, meaning\n“So, let’s close today’s (meeting). “と” can be used as well in the frequently\nused phrase, particularly toward yearend, “何かと忙しい- Somehow I’m busy” to give\nthe latitude of nuance in saying “I’m very busy.”",
"comment_count": 3,
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| 30163 | 30165 | 30165 |
{
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"body": "I've been watching Death Note and in Episode 14, Yagami Light refers to Misa\nas Misa-chan.\n\nIn this episode, Yagami meets Misa. They're going to be combining forces, but\nMisa adds a condition that they be boyfriend and girlfriend. Yagami is not\nhappy about this. He tries explaining that he'll have to be dating lots of\ngirls. This annoys Misa. It's at this point that he calls her Misa-chan and\ntries to calm her down. Yagami's _partner_ hears this and comments \"chan ka\nyo?\".\n\nSo I was wondering, is Light being condescending to Misa (afterall he is\nrather annoyed with her) or, in this context, since she wants him to be her\nboyfriend, is he playing the role? Would a high school boy call his girl\nfriend using \"chan\"?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2015-12-31T19:21:50.157",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30168",
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"last_edit_date": "2015-12-31T19:45:54.437",
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"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Use of `chan` between high school students",
"view_count": 256
} | [
{
"body": "Some boy students call his girl friends using \"chan\", and others use \"san\" or\nnothing. An affable person use \"chan\" or \"san\". An abrupt guy don't use \"chan\"\nor \"san\" for his girlfriend. It's not true that all boys say their\ngirlfriend's name with \"chan\". That totally depends on their personalities,\nrelationship and situations.\n\nLight is an prideful boy and has an haughty attitude to everyone in his mind.\nSo, under normal conditions, he don't use \"chan\" to call his girlfriend. It's\nthe same about the naughty and stupid girl, however he fervently wanted Misa's\nspecial power of Shinigami and needed to humor Misa well in that situation.\nTherefore he sweetly said \"Misa-chan\" that doesn't match his charactor. Ryuk\nwas amused at that wording and ridiculed Light's behavior filled with lies.",
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| 30168 | 30173 | 30173 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30172",
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"body": "Since you can't use は in subordinate clauses, it looks to me like が is forced\nto take on both roles, so how would we distinguish them? For example, if we\nhave the sentence\n\n> 僕が好きな動物\n\nhow do we distinguish between \"animal that I like\" and \"animal that likes me\"?\nSince it's が, I think that if we treated that clause like a sentence on its\nown it would definitely mean \"I am liked\" since が would directly link 僕 to だ,\nbut I've seen sentences like\n\n> 彼が好きな寿司\n\ntranslated as \"sushi that he likes\", so either my assumption about が in a full\nclause is wrong or the way it works changes somewhat.\n\nSo far I've assumed that you can use clarifying nouns like 方 or こと, but I'm\npretty sure that that won't happen in every usage case, if I'm even right\nabout that.\n\nThanks!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-01T03:26:02.287",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30171",
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"score": 6,
"tags": [
"particle-は",
"particle-が",
"subordinate-clauses",
"ambiguous-relative-clauses"
],
"title": "が in subordinate clauses",
"view_count": 1456
} | [
{
"body": "僕が好きな動物 actually can mean both, _the animal that I like_ and _the animal that\nlikes me_. But to mean the former it often becomes\n**[僕の](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12825/5010)** 好きな動物, and to mean\nthe latter it often becomes\n**[僕のこと](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2102/5010)が**好きな動物 or\n**[僕を](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/26005/5010)** 好きな動物. In reality,\nyou wouldn't run into such ambiguous phrases frequently.\n\nBut when you do encounter phrases like 僕が好きな動物, its interpretation purely\ndepends on the context and your common sense. I am a native speaker of\nJapanese, and recently [posted a wrong interpretation of a\nsentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29565/5010) due to this\nambiguity. (There was not enough context, and the sentence could make sense\neither way.)\n\nOf course, 彼が好きな寿司 almost certainly means _sushi that he likes_ , and 寿司が好きな人\nalmost certainly means _person who likes sushi_ (unless you're talking about\npersonificated Mr. Sushi).\n\nIn this case, if there were no context at all, I feel 僕が好きな動物 is likely to be\ntaken as _the animal I like_ , and 動物が好きな僕 is likely to be taken as _I, who\nlike animals_. Maybe it's simply because talking about 僕's preference is more\ncommon in conversations.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-01T05:28:27.730",
"id": "30172",
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| 30171 | 30172 | 30172 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> **サラーキア** \n> 「私も私でやることはあるけど……貴方ほど目まぐるしい忙しさはないし、いいわよ。引き受けるわ」\n>\n> **Guy1** \n> 「助かる」\n>\n> **ルキナ** \n> 「すまぬなサラーキア。 面倒をかけてしまいそうじゃ」\n>\n> ルキナの言葉に、サラーキアは頭を下げて答えた。\n>\n> **Guy1** \n> 「今は **そんなところでいい** だろう。進捗状況は随時連絡してくれ。こちらも効果のありそうなネタが入手できたら渡す」\n>\n> **サラーキア** \n> 「わかったわ。どこまで力になれるか分からないけどやれるだけの事はやってみましょう」\n\nIn this exchange I'm uncertain of what he means by そんなところでいい, or rather what\nそんなところ is referring to. I think he is talking about the current situation (he\nis too busy to help, so she currently has to do it alone, possibly in the\nfuture when they have more progress/he has more time he will help). Can anyone\nclarify this for me?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-01T10:16:27.373",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does そんなところでいい mean here?",
"view_count": 311
} | [
{
"body": "Unless the larger context proves otherwise, the following could be said pretty\nsafely.\n\n「そんなところ」 refers to the situation as it stands with a promise to help from\nサラーキア.\n\n「そんなところでいい」 means that this situation is at least satisfactory, if not great.\n\n「[今]{いま}は」 would suggest that the speaker (Guy1) expects the situation to\npossibly improve in the (near) future.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 30176 | null | 30177 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "I understand how 時 works with plain present/plain past (e.g. 食べる/食べた時) but I'm\na little unsure of ている/ていた時.\n\nAlso what's the difference between these two sentences:\n\n> 私がお風呂に入っ **ている時** 電話が鳴った。\n>\n> 私がお風呂に入っ **ていた時** 電話が鳴った。\n\nIn a textbook apparently they both translate as \"When I was taking a bath, the\ntelephone rang.\" But I don't understand why.\n\nIf someone could please explain this for me I'd really appreciate it! (I hope\nit's not too broad a question.)",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-01T12:46:31.847",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"nuances",
"tense"
],
"title": "ている/ていた時 understanding",
"view_count": 2081
} | []
| 30178 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30181",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Vernon is complaining about being woken up again by Harry's owl and says:\n\n> 今週に入って三回目だぞ \n> Third time this week!\n\nWhat is the meaning (and pronunciation: presumably はいって) of 入って here? I would\nhave thought 今週に三回目だぞ would have had the same meaning.\n\nI can't make the usual meaning of \"to enter\" and the like make any sense here.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-01T16:31:58.607",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 入って in this sentence",
"view_count": 476
} | [
{
"body": "This is an idiomatic use of 入る: You \"enter\" into a week (at the beginning of\nthe week). The beginning of the week is strictly speaking often taken to be\nSunday, but for the purpose of this expression probably most often means\nMonday. So X週に入って（から） means earliest Sunday (or Monday) of Week X, but usually\nis intended to mean some time (a day, a few hours) after Monday morning,\nbasically any time that wouldn't fall under \"first thing in Week X\".\n\n> 来週に入ってからやりましょう \n> Let's do it some time next week. \n> _lit._ Let's do it after entering next week.\n\nSo,\n\n> 今週に入って三回目だぞ \n> _lit._ It's the third time after entering this week!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-01T17:33:10.623",
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| 30179 | 30181 | 30181 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34405",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "When I stopped at Yotsuya (四ツ谷) Station this summer, I noticed a katakana tsu\n(ツ) in the station name.\n\nIs there a reason why the katakana character is used (instead of a hiragana\none)?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-02T09:39:51.767",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30185",
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"owner_user_id": "1346",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"names"
],
"title": "Why is there a ツ in 四ツ谷?",
"view_count": 1318
} | [
{
"body": "It is a difficult question for Japanese. Probably JR named their stations. In\nthe Edo period, there were no ツ or ノ. But if there were no ツ or ノ, they would\nbe read like 御茶水→おちゃみず, 四谷→よんたに or したに. So I think this is the reason why JR\nnamed them so.\n\nIt seems that while JR's station names did not change, place names changed\n御茶ノ水→お茶の水, 四ツ谷→四つ谷→四谷, 青砥→青戸. There is a tendency for them to change to easier\nkanji as time passes.\n\nAlmost in old japanese, カタカナ are used. So the word 四谷 is old word, カタカナ is\nused.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-02-22T09:10:10.470",
"id": "32366",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-24T20:03:14.443",
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"body": "I found a very long answer on Yahoo\nChiebukuro:[「東京の四ツ谷に勤務することになりました。疑問・・・」](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1225291507)\n\nwhich offers one theory that Yotsuya is originally an Ainu place name meaning\n\"many valleys\".\n\nWhether Ainu or not, the \"yomi\" (pronunciation) came first, and then in the\nMeiji era the formal \"hyouki\" Kanji for public facilities were decided. As it\nhappens, there are some minor variations in writing as described in [this goo\nentry](http://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/184297.html):\n\n> 共同通信社から出ている記者ハンドブック（用字用語辞典）の \n> 「紛らわしい地名」のところを見てみましたら\n>\n> 四谷＝町名、小学校名、警察\n>\n> 四ッ谷＝JR、地下鉄の駅名\n>\n> と書かれていました。\n\nSo actually it appears there is NOT actually always a katakana ツ。 \nIn fact, the subway 四谷三丁目 also does not have a katakana ツ, even the journalist\nhandbook says it does.\n\nコンガラガラ！",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-24T09:18:16.373",
"id": "33763",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-24T09:34:15.857",
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"body": "Before the modern kana usage\n([現代仮名遣い](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8F%BE%E4%BB%A3%E4%BB%AE%E5%90%8D%E9%81%A3%E3%81%84))\nhas permeated through the nation, it was very common for katakana ツ to be used\nafter a numeral kanji.\n\nJapanese traditional numerals are:\n\n> 1 - ひとつ\n>\n> 2 - ふたつ\n>\n> 3 - みつ ／ みっつ\n>\n> 4 - よつ ／ よっつ\n>\n> 5 - いつつ\n>\n> 6 - むつ ／ むっつ\n>\n> 7 - ななつ\n>\n> 8 - やつ ／ やっつ\n>\n> 9 - ここのつ\n>\n> 10 - とお\n\nAnd today, these are written 「一つ、二つ、三つ、四つ、五つ、六つ、七つ、八つ、九つ、十」 (generally in\nvertical writings) or 「１つ、２つ、３つ、４つ、５つ、６つ、７つ、８つ、９つ、１０」 (generally in horizontal\nwritings).\n\nHowever, Japanese people who lived in the Edo period (1603 - 1868) wrote these\ntraditional numerals usually using katakana ツ like so:\n\n> 一ツ\n>\n> 二ツ\n>\n> 三ツ\n>\n> 四ツ\n>\n> 五ツ\n>\n> 六ツ\n>\n> 七ツ\n>\n> 八ツ\n>\n> 九ツ\n>\n> 十\n\nThere are numerous books published in the Edo period which can prove that the\nnumber-ツ notation was common. Here is an example.\n\n> [『童子古状揃』 Image 128（Waseda University\n> Library）](http://archive.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kosho/bunko30/bunko30_e0445/bunko30_e0445_p0128.jpg)\n\nThis image shows the last page of a textbook for children published in 1850.\nIn the left page, there are two poems for fun. The first poem says:\n\n> はな[息]{いき}にて[時]{とき}をしる[哥]{うた}\n>\n> 六と四ツ八ツハ[鼻]{はな}いき右かよふ\n>\n> 五ツ九ツ七ツひだりぞ\n\nAnd the second poem says:\n\n> [猫]{ねこ}の目にて[時]{とき}をしるうた\n>\n> 六ツやにつく 五七ハたやも\n>\n> 四ツ八ツハくさのたねなり 九ツハはり\n\nThe numerals express time in these poems. The tsu after the number kanji is\nalways written by using ツ, not つ. This kind of ツ was rarely omitted in kana-\nkanji writings, so if a number kanji is not followed by ツ, the kanji is read\ndifferently. For example, the 五七 in the second poem would be read ごしち, not\nいつつななつ.\n\nSo, the number-ツ notation was Edo-period people’s general knowledge. Then,\nlet’s see 四ツ谷.\n\nIt would presumably be natural for Edo-period people to place ツ between 四 and\n谷.\n\nIn maps created in the Edo period, both 四ツ谷 and 四谷 are commonly used. However,\nrelatively newer maps (created in 18th or later) and books introducing the\nfamous sights tend to use 四ツ谷 more than 四谷.\n\nFor example, a map called 『江戸切絵図・四ツ谷絵図』 (published in 1849-1862) uses 四ッ谷 for\nthe region name, and uses 四谷 for addresses.\n\n> [『江戸切絵図・四ツ谷絵図』（National Diet Library Digital\n> Collections）](http://dl.ndl.go.jp/view/jpegOutput?itemId=info%3Andljp%2Fpid%2F1286668&contentNo=1&outputScale=2)\n\nNote that there are other maps using 四ツ谷 for addresses like 四ツ谷二丁目, 四ツ谷傳馬丁一丁目\netc., so it does not mean that whether to use 四ツ谷 or 四谷 depends on whether\nit’s a region name or an address name, at least in Edo-period cases. Today,\n四ツ谷 is used for the station name and the so-called region name, and 四谷 is used\nfor the official address name, though.\n\nHere is another example, which is a\n[Hiroshige](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshige)’s ukiyoe picture\npublished in 1857. It’s a part of\n『[名所江戸百景](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E6%89%80%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B8%E7%99%BE%E6%99%AF)』\nseries.\n\n> [『名所江戸百景・四ツ谷内藤新宿』（National Diet Library,\n> Japan）](http://www.ndl.go.jp/landmarks/e/details/detail182.html)\n\nThe region name written in the red square box in the ukiyoe picture is\n「四ッ谷内藤新宿」. It’s using ッ.\n\nAnd this is a [Hiroshige II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiroshige_II)’s\nbook introducing the sights of Edo including 四ツ谷 region.\n\n> [『絵本江戸土産』Image 17 (Waseda University\n> Library)](http://archive.wul.waseda.ac.jp/kosho/ru04/ru04_01505/ru04_01505_0004/ru04_01505_0004_p0017.jpg)\n\nThe title of the 四ツ谷 part in it is 「四ッ谷御門外」. It’s using ッ as well.\n\nSo, these kinds of Edo-period printed products seemed to spread 四ツ谷 more than\n四谷, and the majority of Edo-period people seemed to accept the ツ usage and\ngenerally used 四ツ谷 or 四ッ谷.\n\nI don’t know who decided to use 四ツ谷 for the station name, but I can imagine\nwhy the decider chose 四ツ谷 rather than 四谷. Because most of the Japanese people\nwere familiar with 四ツ谷 and actually used 四ツ谷, more than 四谷, at that time. The\noriginal 四ツ谷 station was opened in 1894. It was before the modern kana usage\n(現代仮名遣い) has permeated, so.\n\nDuring the Edo period, katakana was commonly added to some kind of kanji to\nspecify how to read the kanji. Many kanji letters have several ways to be\nread. Edo-period people seemed to try to avoid misreading by using katakana\nhelpers in kana-kanji writings.\n\nFor example, in a case, they wrote 下 in this way:\n\n> 下モ\n\n下 can be read した, しも, か, げ, etc. But in this case, the author wants the\nreaders to read it しも.\n\nIn some Edo-period books, a region name 新橋 is written like this:\n\n> 新ン橋\n\nSo this 新 is not read あらた, にい, or さら. The ン indicates that the 新 is read しん.\n\nツ following a numeral kanji might be this kind of helper katakana as well.\n\nAnyway, this kind of helper katakana custom no longer exists today. They are\njust wrong in the modern kana usage world. But some expressions of them has\nbeen surviving in proper nouns, like 四ツ谷.\n\nIf you travel around Japan, you would see a lot of them (the old katakana\nusage in proper nouns) surviving, especially number-ツ-pattern ones. For\nexample, 一ツ橋、二ツ池、三ツ峠、四ツ岳、五ツ橋、六ツ美、七ツ釜、八ツ橋、九ツ山、etc. Most of their traditional\nnames were born before the modern kana usage spread. So they are genuine\nsurvivors. But, some of those names were created by today’s people to express\nretro nuance or something. 四ツ谷 is genuine.\n\nBy the way, this answer focuses on ツ following a numeral kanji. I think that ケ\nof 関ヶ原, ノ of 三ノ宮 or other expressions like these have different origins. So,\nplease don’t apply this answer to all kinds of katakana-between-kanjis cases.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-27T00:24:08.590",
"id": "34405",
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| 30185 | 34405 | 34405 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30193",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「ま、あんまり張り切りすぎて怪我はしないようにだがな」\n>\n> 「……なんだ、何か言いたげだな」\n>\n> 「なんか、結構ビックリ。アタシが稽古してて、怪我の心配してくれる人なんてあまりいなかったし」\n>\n> 何を馬鹿な事を……と思ったがそれもそうかと納得する。\n>\n> 「やはり **血筋** に振り回された様だな？」\n>\n> 勇者としての **血筋** からか、稽古しても期待されても心配されるような事はないのだろう。\n\nI've looked up and 血筋 seems it can refer to a few things, like that a certain\nability or appearance etc is inherited from one's blood relatives, or to refer\nto relationship between people. What does it refer to in this excerpt?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-02T09:49:22.913",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 血筋 refer to in this extract?",
"view_count": 127
} | [
{
"body": "「[血筋]{ちすじ}」, in this context, could only mean \"(good) lineage\".\n\n> 「やはり血筋に[振]{ふ}り[回]{まわ}された[様]{よう}だな？」\n\nwould mean:\n\n> \"As expected, it seems you had been pushed around because of your lineage.\"\n\nThe woman (I assume it is a woman from the third line) is of such good lineage\nas a fighter/warrior that people around her take it for granted that she will\nnot get hurt from rigorous training. They tend to think that she will survive\nany hardships, so they do not care about her much.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-02T15:36:49.277",
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| 30186 | 30193 | 30193 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30189",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 携帯番号交換しとくんだったな。。。\n\nThe sentence means \"We have interchanged phone numbers in advance.\" This makes\nno sense with the story unless I add \"should\" before the \"have\". So could\n~teoku's meaning also include \"should\" (\"should prepare in advance\") in casual\nspeech, or something like that, which could have this sentence make more sense\nfor me?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-02T11:11:26.103",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30188",
"last_activity_date": "2021-11-24T02:14:49.257",
"last_edit_date": "2021-11-23T18:12:13.913",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "10548",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"subsidiary-verbs",
"no-da"
],
"title": "Could there be an 'invisible' \"should\" in this sentence? 携帯番号交換しとくんだったな",
"view_count": 350
} | [
{
"body": "You are correct.\n\n> 「[携帯番号交換]{けいたいばんごうこうかん}しとくんだったな。。。」\n\nmeans that the persons involved _**DID NOT**_ exchange cellphone numbers.\n\n「しとくんだったな」＝「しておくんだったな」 = \"should have ~~ed\"\n\n_**「～～しておくんだった」, which is used idiomatically, expresses one's retrospective\nregret of not having done ~~.**_ In this sense, one could call it \"invisible\"\nas it is all idiomatic instead of any part of the phrase literally meaning\n\"should\".\n\nThe \"visible-'should'\" versions are:\n\n「～～しとく **べき** だった」 and 「～～しておく **べき** だった」\n\nThus, the sentence in question means:\n\n> \"We/You/They should have exchanged cellphone numbers.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-02T11:30:23.760",
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| 30188 | 30189 | 30189 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「わざわざすまなかったな。 **本来はこちらから出向くの筋なのだろうが……** 」\n>\n> 「いえいえ、手前も数多くの国と付き合って来ましたが、そう言って頂けるだけ、ありがたい所存にございますよ」\n\nI'm really not sure what he is referring to by 出向く. As based on my\nunderstanding of the word, it wouldn't make sense for him to have gone to her\n(which I don't think is what it means in this context)\n\n### Context\n\nHe asked her to do some work, that he was originally meant to do but he lacked\nthe time to do it himself.\n\nWhen she had completed the work successfully she was called in by the senate,\nwho did not approve of him delegating his responsibility to her (he was also\npresent, but they asked her questions about what happened).\n\nThe queen then asks her what she would like her reward to be, after that is\nsettled she is told she can leave. He then chases after her and starts\ntalking.\n\n* * *\n\nWhat does 出向く mean in this context? I think it could mean that he is saying\nthat he should have been the one to stand in-front of the senate and explain\nthings to them and she shouldn't have needed to be there, but I'm not sure.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-02T11:31:02.587",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is meant by 本来はこちらから出向くの筋なのだろうが here?",
"view_count": 365
} | [
{
"body": "`出向く` means to visit. the sentence `本来はこちらから出向くの筋なのだろうが` means `we should be\nthe one to visit you`",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-21T06:58:44.917",
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| 30190 | null | 30591 |
{
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"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 協力しよう、という提案を無碍{むげ}には断れなくなってしまうのだが\n\nCan someone help me make sense of this? \n協力しよう=let's cooperate \nという提案を=This proposal \n無碍には=Without any obstacle \n断れなくなってしまう=End up becoming unable to refuse \nの=Nominalizer \nだ=copula \nが=But\n\n> Let's cooperate. Without any obstacle I ended up becoming unable to refuse\n> this proposal, but...\n\nI think this is how it should be translated, but I am still not sure.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-02T11:38:03.267",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "Making an adverb a topic for a sentence 無碍には",
"view_count": 200
} | [
{
"body": "無碍にできない - その物事が重要なもので、いい加減に対処することができないさま\n(<http://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E7%84%A1%E7%A2%8D%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A7%E3%81%8D%E3%81%AA%E3%81%84>)\n\nSo I think a better translation would be that it became difficult to decline,\nit's not such a trivial matter that it can be refused haphazardly.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-03T21:26:35.783",
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| 30191 | null | 30215 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30206",
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"body": "Since I watch a lot of anime, I end up hearing these two particles a lot, but\nI've never been completely certain of their distinction, only that there\ndefinitely is one. My dictionary listed them as a single entry with the\ndefinition of adding emphasis, which seems to fit well with ぞ, but not quite\nas well with ぜ from my observation. It also doesn't help that as far as I'm\naware, almost nobody says these in real life, or at least much less\nfrequently.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-02T15:35:35.730",
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"owner_user_id": "9596",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"sentence-final-particles",
"role-language"
],
"title": "Difference between ぞ and ぜ",
"view_count": 1137
} | [
{
"body": "In anime and other works of fiction, ぜ sounds more tomboyish, boyish and/or\nchildish. Typical users of ぜ are male kids from so-called 少年マンガ. For example,\n[Satoshi](http://pokemon.wikia.com/wiki/Ash_Ketchum) from Pokémon uses ぜ\nfrequently. An adult male character rarely uses ぜ, while ぞ may be used by old\nmale people (and sometimes even by women who are speaking a bit playfully).\n\nIn the real world, ぞ is sometimes used in casual and brusque conversations\nbetween adults. ぜ is much rarer, and no one around me uses ぜ actively. Even\nnative speakers can sometimes wonder [if there are any real people who use\nぜ](http://komachi.yomiuri.co.jp/t/2009/0805/255509.htm?g=11).",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-02T17:24:36.837",
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{
"body": "Your observation is accurate. There is difference between ぞ and ぜ, though ぜ\nhas almost died out, at least in greater Tokyo. Basically, ぞ just\nstraightforwardly tells one-sided subjective claims, while ぜ has function of\nconfirmation, request, or advice, only in a rude and self-centered manner. ぜ\ncouldn't be used if there's no listener, that is, you wouldn't speak to\nyourself with ぜ.\n\nThe last remaining usage of ぜ occasionally heard around me is an indicator of\nspeaker's annoyance or vexation.\n\n> これ以上待ってもしょうがないし、もうさっさと行こうぜ。 \n> _There's no point waiting anymore. Come on, let's go already!_",
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| 30192 | 30206 | 30197 |
{
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"body": "> よっぽど悪いことさえし **なきゃ**... \n> Unless you do a really bad thing...\n\nIs なきゃ a contraction of ないことには? I can find the latter in my text books but not\nthe former.\n\n[Weblio](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/%E7%84%A1%E3%81%8D%E3%82%83) suggests\nthat it can mean both \"Unless one ...\" and \"one must ...\".\n\nWould I be correct in thinking that the meaning is determined only by the\nposition in the sentence. So, in my example sentence, if there were no\nfollowing clause would it mean \"You must only do bad things.\"\n\nIn summary I'm a bit confused about the usage in general. Any information (in\nEnglish) would help. Thanks.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-02T15:52:39.687",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "How to use なきゃ correctly",
"view_count": 4436
} | [
{
"body": "First, なきゃ is a contraction of なければ:\n\n * [What is the meaning of りゃ in this phrase?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12524/5010)\n * [Meaning of 話になんない](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12577/5010)\n\nSecond, the literal, primary meaning of なきゃ/なけりゃ/なければ is \"if not\".\n\nなければ often comes at the end of sentences, and that means the following part is\nomitted. What is omitted depends on the context.\n\n * (Unless ...,) something bad may happen. ⇒ One has to do ... \n\n> これからは、悪いことをしなきゃ（ダメだ）。 \n> From now on, I have to do bad things. (e.g., after joining Mafia)\n\n * (Unless ...,) the situation would have been better. \n\n> ああ、あんな悪いことをしなきゃ（良かったのに）！ \n> Oh, if only I didn't do such a bad thing!\n\n * (Unless ...,) you'll be fine. \n\n> よっぽど悪いことさえしなきゃ（問題ない）。 \n> Unless one does really bad things (, there would be no problem.)\n\nThe first one (\"one has to...\") is a common idiomatic usage of なければ/なけりゃ/なきゃ,\nand that's why it's listed in dictionaries.\n\nIn the sentence in your question, such a sentence almost always means\nsomething like \"Unless one does really bad things... (he'll be OK)\". But it\nmay mean \"I have to do even really bad things!\" in a _very_ limited situation.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 30194 | 30195 | 30195 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30199",
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"body": "Konbanwa,\n\nI just started learning about Japanese alphabets, and I started with Hiragana,\nso **is it right to start with Hiragana then Katana?** and if I learned about\nthe both writing systems **which one should I use in my writing?** and my last\nquestion is **when to start learning about Kanji ?**",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-02T19:12:52.767",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30198",
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"owner_user_id": "4852",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"katakana",
"hiragana"
],
"title": "Learning Japanese alphabet",
"view_count": 184
} | [
{
"body": "1. Yes, that's absolutely right. Learn hiragana first to get used to the pronunciation, then switch to katakana.\n 2. Use hiragana (and later kanji) to write most Japanese, but use katakana when you need to write loan words such as \"toilet\"\n 3. I recommend you to learn kanji as early as possible. You will really need it in order to read Japanese.",
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"creation_date": "2016-01-02T19:31:34.693",
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| 30198 | 30199 | 30199 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30202",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "_New Year's resolution_ should be - 新年の抱負\n\nHow do I say, \"My New Year's Resolution is X\"?\n\nFor example:\n\n> 私の新年の抱負は気楽になります。(My New Year's resolution is to be more relaxed)\n\nIs it correct?\n\nDo Japanese people normally have New Year's resolutions?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-02T23:17:57.527",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"culture"
],
"title": "New Year's Resolution",
"view_count": 4213
} | [
{
"body": "Yes. Many Japanese people make New Year's resolutions. It also can be said\n”新年の誓.” Many people write down their New Year's Resolution e.g. \"I'll pass the\nexamination of Tokyo University,\" \"I'll save ¥500,000 this year,\" or \"I'll get\na fabulous sweetheart,\" on the first page of a diary. Some people write down\ntheir resolutions on plain paper - 半紙 by using a writing brush on January 1st,\nand hang it on the wall, or enshrine it on 神棚 or 仏壇, wishing the God help them\nto achieve their resolutions. Alas, in reality, the New Year's Resolutions\ntend to turn out to be a mere dream for most of us by year's end.\n\nWith regard to your translation - 私の新年の抱負は気楽になります - of \"My New Year's\nresolution is to be more relaxed,\" it sounds like \"My New Year Solution is\nEasy Going,\" and is a bit awkward in Japanese. I would like to suggest\n\"私の新年の抱負は、何事も気楽に過ごすことです\", in other words, 何事があっても平静な気持ちで過ごすことです as an\nalternative.\n\nAddendum:\n\nHey. By the way. Time magazine (December 31) carried a very interesting\narticle about how to make your New Year's Resolution come to true under the\ntitle, “Here’s the Secret to Sticking to Your New Year’s Resolutions,” in\nwhich Tory Higgins, a professor of psychology and business at Columbia\nUniversity gives you a trick for thinking about your resolutions that will\nmake you more likely to keep them. I recommend you take a look at it -\n<http://time.com/4160254/new-year-resolution-success/?xid=homepage>.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-03T00:28:54.993",
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| 30200 | 30202 | 30202 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30204",
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"body": "I'm trying to understand the phrase 素朴概念 in the following context (this is\nregarding pair programming):\n\n> たとえば，ペアの選定を無作為とするとき，偶然，同じトピックの理解に行き詰っている二人が選ばれたとき，この二人だけの学習を放置することが，\n> **素朴概念** を強化したり，あるいは，典型的な誤概念に陥ってしまう事態を引き起こさないのでしょうか？\n\nI've found some blogs and webpages using 'naive concept' as a direct English\nequivalent, but I don't get how that fits with the above sentence in context.\nIs the jist of it something like, \"If both people hit a roadblock with their\nunderstanding of a certain topic, **it strengthens their misunderstanding of\nthe topic**?\"\n\nEdit: I'm also having trouble with 誤概念, another term I've never heard of and\ncan't seem to track down a translation of online to help me understand. I'm\nguessing 'false concept' may be the meaning, but would love any opinions.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-03T00:29:12.700",
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"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "素朴概念 = naive concept?",
"view_count": 337
} | [
{
"body": "I suspect that the word that is hindering your understanding of the passage is\n「[強化]{きょうか}」 rather than 「[素朴概念]{そぼくがいねん}」. 「強化」 can mean \"strengthening\nsomething\" in **_either a positive or negative direction_**. In this context,\nit is used in the negative sense. Try thinking of it as \"magnifying\".\n\n「素朴概念」 fits right in the context. BTW, it means \"naive conception\" rather than\n\"naive concept\".\n\nThe sentence is saying the following; This is a summary rather than a\ntranslation.\n\nIf you leave alone a pair of students who happen to **_not_** understand the\nsame topic and let them study on their own, what might happen? The author\ngives two examples of what could happen and **_both are negative (or at least\nnon-ideal) phenomena_**.\n\n1) 「素朴概念を強化してしまう」 It could lead to strengthening their naive conception which\nis false to begin with.\n\n2) 「典型的な誤概念に陥ってしまう」 They could fall into a typical misconception.\n\nIn this context, 「素朴概念」 and 「誤概念」 are used to mean practically the same thing\n-- a misconception that is not based on scientific knowledge.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-03T01:36:34.573",
"id": "30204",
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"body": "I'd like to spplement my comment I put earlier to this question. Both 素朴概念 and\n誤概念 can be translated as \"primitive (or pristine) concept\" and \"erroneous\nconcept.\" But I suspect 素朴概念 (and perhaps 誤概念 as well) is a neology of the\nauthor. This is the first time I came across these two words.",
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| 30203 | 30204 | 30204 |
{
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"body": "One of the first patterns a learner of the Japanese language will come across\nis:\n\n> **〜したことがある**\n>\n> (I) have 〜 before.\n>\n> わたしは中国を３回訪れたことがあります\n>\n> I have visited China three times before.\n\nHowever, I also occasionally come across sentences like:\n\n> 以前に一度会った **ことがあった** 。\n>\n> 以前、６人がかりで、注射をいやがる私を取り抑えなくてはならなかった **ことがありました** 。\n\nWith the former, they seem to be interchangeable, but the latter was\noriginally a sentence that I wrote, but had 「あります」 changed to 「ありました」, though\namong other things.\n\nHowever, I also came across the following similar sentence.\n\n> 以前も組織の男で４０人で取り押さえねばならんほどの大騒動になった **事がある** 。\n\nWhat is the difference between these two patterns?\n\nMore concretely, what would be the difference between the following two\nsentences?\n\n> 以前に一度会ったことが **あった** 。\n>\n> 以前に一度会ったことが **ある** 。\n\n**Edit**\n\nI would also appreciate an explanation as to why the following sentence is\nvalid.\n\n> 仕事で大阪に引っ越す前、大阪を訪れたことが1度だけ **ある** 。",
"comment_count": 3,
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"id": "30208",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"expressions"
],
"title": "「〜したことがある」 vs 「〜したことがあった」",
"view_count": 5016
} | [
{
"body": "```\n\n 以前に一度会ったことがあった。 : We had met once before.\n \n 以前に一度会ったことがある。 : We have met once before.\n \n```",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-04T17:36:59.433",
"id": "30227",
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{
"body": "以前に一度会ったことがあった/ある。To me, they seem to be saying the same thing, though I think\nthe former is close to ‘I met him once before‘ with more emphasis on the fact\nand the latter is close to ‘I’ve met him once before’ with more emphasis on\nexperience, if I venture to say the difference. I think ’一度会ったことがある’ is\nsmoother and more natural than ’一度会ったことがあった.’ Repetition of the words ‘会った’\nand ’あった’ phonetically pronounced same looks awkward and sounds somewhat\nabrasive to me. It's like you're trying a tongue twister.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-08T00:42:17.087",
"id": "30276",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-08T17:48:53.850",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-08T17:48:53.850",
"last_editor_user_id": "9838",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "30208",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 30208 | 30276 | 30227 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30212",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Firstly, is \"ダウンアンダー\" the correct spelling? I think it is, based on the\nJapanese Wikipedia articles\n[メン・アット・ワーク](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF)\nand [ツアー・ダウンアンダー\n](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%84%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%83%80%E3%82%A6%E3%83%B3%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC),\nbut I could be mistaken.\n\nBut apart from that, is the average non-Australian Japanese speaker likely to\nunderstand the term, which is used as slang to refer to Australia (even though\nthere's plenty of other southern hemisphere countries)?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-03T08:41:28.340",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30209",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-03T14:41:21.697",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"slang",
"loanwords"
],
"title": "Is ダウンアンダー understood by non-Australian Japanese speakers?",
"view_count": 188
} | [
{
"body": "The short answer would be a simple 'No'. Seriously, I do not think that the\nword 「ダウンアンダー」 would exist in the vocabulary of more than even 1% of us.\n\nThe most common name for your country in Japanese is 「オーストラリア」 by a landslide,\nfollowed by 「[豪州]{ごうしゅう}」. In people's daily conversations, it is 「オーストラリア」\nnearly 100% of the time. 「豪州」 is kind of \"common\" in the printed media because\nit is a neat space-saver.\n\n「ダウンアンダー」? One used to hear/see the word when Men At Work were popular (But\nthat is like 30 years ago!). I suppose we just never registered it as a\nhousehold word.\n\n(I have personally used both 「ダウンアンダー」 and \"Down Under\" a few times in my\nconversations with Australians living in Japan, and I seemed to surprise them\neach time for even using those words actively as a Japanese person who has\nnever been to ダウンアンダー. This should probably tell you something about how\nuncommon 「ダウンアンダー」 is around here.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-03T14:41:21.697",
"id": "30212",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-03T14:41:21.697",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "30209",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 30209 | 30212 | 30212 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30211",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Apologies for discussing terms related to such an unpleasant topic.\n\nThe obvious Japanese translation of \"comfort women\" is \"慰安婦\", as the English\nterm is a [calque](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calque) of the Japanese term.\n\nHowever, how are they referred to nowadays, such as by the media? Do they use\nthe term \"慰安婦\" as-is, or do something different, such as using something like\n[so-called](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/so-called), adding the equivalent\nof [scare quotes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scare_quotes) (apparently [not\ndone in Japanese](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/21274/do-\njapanese-people-use-quotation-marks-for-emphasis#comment46770_21281)), or\nchoosing some term that is less euphemistic and more explicit?\n\nSearching jisho.org for \"comfort woman\" or \"comfort women\" mainly got hits\nrelating to 慰安婦, as did searching for \"sex slave\" or \"sexual slave\".\n\nI tried looking at a google translated page of the Japanese-language Wikipedia\narticle on [慰安婦](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%85%B0%E5%AE%89%E5%A9%A6).\nIt was a little hard to read. The section\n[日本における呼称](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%85%B0%E5%AE%89%E5%A9%A6#.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E3.81.AB.E3.81.8A.E3.81.91.E3.82.8B.E5.91.BC.E7.A7.B0)\nseemed to be about how they were described at the time. The section\n[辞書、事典の記載](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%85%B0%E5%AE%89%E5%A9%A6#.E8.BE.9E.E6.9B.B8.E3.80.81.E4.BA.8B.E5.85.B8.E3.81.AE.E8.A8.98.E8.BC.89)\nmay or may not be relevant - I'm not sure if it's talking about what term was\nused, or whether it talks about how dictionaries or encyclopedias described\nwhat those terms meant. The section\n[従軍慰安婦」という呼称](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%85%B0%E5%AE%89%E5%A9%A6#.E3.80.8C.E5.BE.93.E8.BB.8D.E6.85.B0.E5.AE.89.E5.A9.A6.E3.80.8D.E3.81.A8.E3.81.84.E3.81.86.E5.91.BC.E7.A7.B0)\nhas a couple of paragraphs that appear to be about terminology in the time\nbetween the war and now, and a single line paragraph saying that \"いわゆる従軍慰安婦\"\nis currently used by the Japanese government and NHK, which according to\nGoogle Translate means \"so-called comfort women\". That's the kind of\ninformation I'm after, but I'm not sure how reliable or complete that one-line\nparagraph is.\n\nI also looked at the Japanese Wikipedia article\n[性的奴隷](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%80%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%A5%B4%E9%9A%B7),\nbut it mainly mentioned what terms specific organisations used, plus what the\nYomiuri Shimbun used in English.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-03T11:24:26.470",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30210",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-03T12:36:42.450",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"slang"
],
"title": "How are \"comfort women\" referred to nowadays?",
"view_count": 442
} | [
{
"body": "The official guidelines of the NHK suggest the term \"so-called 'military\ncomfort women',\" いわゆる「従軍慰安婦」 as you said. This is not a firm rule, and a\nsearch of the NHK site turns up several recent articles that use the term\n\"comfort women\" without qualifiers. But this term is suggested for the\npurposes of editorial neutrality. \"Comfort woman\" 慰安婦 is a prewar Japanese\nterm for a prostitute and is [still used in South\nKorea](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitutes_in_South_Korea_for_the_U.S._military)\nto refer to the official prostitution system for the U.S. military. So this is\nkind of like saying \"so-called 'military prostitutes',\" with the role of \"so-\ncalled\" being to acknowledge the active nature of the international dispute\nover whether \"prostitute\"/\"comfort woman\" is an accurate descriptor.\n\n[The NHK was told to avoid saying \"so-called comfort women\" in\nEnglish](http://peacephilosophy.blogspot.jp/2014/12/nhk-japanese-tranlsation-\nof-times.html), precisely because of the different meaning of \"comfort women\"\nin English and ensuing confusion over what the \"so-called\" is placing doubt\non. Instead they were asked to say \"those referred to as comfort women\". They\nalso banned the use of non-neutral words like \"prostitute\" or \"slave\" to refer\nto comfort women. I'm not sure if this wordy English phrase has been changed\nsince 2014.\n\nFinding sources on this in English is extremely obnoxious, because all of the\nEnglish-language media reports [interpreted the ban on the use of \"so-\ncalled\"](http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/asia/article4239769.ece) to\nmean that all reporting on comfort women was banned. This is completely\ninaccurate.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-03T12:21:59.323",
"id": "30211",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-03T12:36:42.450",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-03T12:36:42.450",
"last_editor_user_id": "583",
"owner_user_id": "583",
"parent_id": "30210",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 30210 | 30211 | 30211 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30216",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading a novel at Syosetsuka ni Narou's site and I found（棒） in one of\nthe dialogues. I know that there's a similar（笑） that's equivalent to English\nnet slang \"lol\", but I find no sense in changing \"smile\" for \"pole\". What\nwould it mean?\n\nThe chapter in question: <http://ncode.syosetu.com/n2872bw/83/>",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-03T20:32:41.747",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30214",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-03T21:43:18.413",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9769",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"internet-slang"
],
"title": "What does（棒） as net slang mean?",
"view_count": 2206
} | [
{
"body": "It is a shortening of 棒読み and means speaking in monotone. I.e. if it is an\napology or compliment then it is not sincere.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-03T21:43:18.413",
"id": "30216",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-03T21:43:18.413",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7238",
"parent_id": "30214",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 14
}
]
| 30214 | 30216 | 30216 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Forgive me if there is a more appropriate technical term for the thing I'm\nsearching for. When I studied Japanese in Taiwan a few years back, I learned\nthat it was important to learn the right high low pitch intonation for new\nwords. This was usually noted by a number between 0 and 6 (I think), as in\nおはよう０ or 犬（いぬ２）. The Japanese/Chinese hardbound dictionary I still have from\nthen has these numbers for all entries, but now that I'm trying to get back\ninto Japanese study, but with my cell phone and computer, I can't find an\nonline dictionary or app (android preferably) that has them. I looked through\nall the suggestions on the resources page here, but none of them seems to have\nthem. Am I missing something? Thanks!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-04T03:44:19.377",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30218",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-04T03:44:19.377",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12110",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"dictionary"
],
"title": "Dictionary with high low pitch intonation reading?",
"view_count": 266
} | []
| 30218 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I need to read this article for my class, and I can't seem to get past this\nsentence:\n\n> つまり、政治的にも巧みに利用されがちな「ふるさと」や「原風景」と接続する既成概念としての 「里」が喚起する感情・感傷に無批判に安住するの\n> **ではなく** 、私たちが位置する所与の場所の意味を内省的に深く洞察し、暮らしの形を新たに構想してゆく過程が求められるのである。\n\nThe words are not the problem, the grammatical structure however is killing\nme. Can anyone help me translate it?\n\nEDIT: Oh aha I'm sorry, I'll try to explain it better:\n\nI can't decide to where dewa naku refers to (i know it belongs with 無批判に安住するの)\nbut does it belong with the rest of the sentence, or is the part behind the\npoint (・) to the (,) a sentence on its own?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-04T10:05:34.567",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30220",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-04T20:27:55.067",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-04T18:13:30.190",
"last_editor_user_id": "3437",
"owner_user_id": "12117",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Question: Japanese scientific article on satoyama",
"view_count": 128
} | [
{
"body": "That `ではなく` denies almost everything before it. The basic structure is:\n\n> つまり、 `A` ではなく、 `B` が求められるのである。 \n> Therefore, not `A` but `B` is required.\n\nWhere:\n\n * A is `政治的にも巧みに利用されがちな「ふるさと」や「原風景」と接続する既成概念としての 「里」が喚起する感情・感傷に無批判に安住する(こと)`\n * B is `私たちが位置する所与の場所の意味を内省的に深く洞察し、暮らしの形を新たに構想してゆく過程`",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-04T20:27:55.067",
"id": "30230",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-04T20:27:55.067",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "30220",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 30220 | null | 30230 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> **であればこそ** 、そうした課題の地平に、私たちにとっての「里」、そして、自然との折り合いかたをたえず模索する契機となりうる新たな《里山》\n> 像という結実が期待されるだろう。\n\nCan someone explain what であればこそ means?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-04T10:30:47.867",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30221",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-05T00:23:37.030",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-05T00:23:37.030",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12117",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does であればこそ mean?",
"view_count": 467
} | [
{
"body": "であればこそ = \"For this very reason\", \"Because that is exactly the case\", etc.\n\n * であれば: \"If/Since that's the case\"\n * こそ: an intensifier. (≒\"very\", \"exactly\").",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-04T20:46:21.087",
"id": "30231",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-04T20:46:21.087",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "30221",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 30221 | null | 30231 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30232",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How would you translate this to Japanese:\n\n> Network security, cyber security and information security expert and\n> adviser.\n\nIs this correct:\n\n> ネットワーク・セキュリティ、サイバー・セキュリティと情報・セキュリティの専門と顧問。\n\nIs it best if I dropped the last two \"security\"s?\n\nLike this:\n\n> Network, cyber and information security expert and adviser.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-04T10:49:47.027",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30222",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-05T09:22:12.787",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-05T09:22:12.787",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "10659",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Translation of a phrase for CV",
"view_count": 150
} | [
{
"body": "* You can drop the _first_ two セキュリティ's, like in English.\n * 顧問 is not bad, but it sounds a bit too grandiose to me, because it's mainly used for lawyers, economists, politicians and such. And in reality, 顧問 is often used like an honorary title after someone is effectively retired. I hear アドバイザー or コンサルタント more often for actively-working security consultants.\n * 専門 is \"specialty\" and does not directly refer to a person. What you may need instead is 専門家【せんもんか】 or エキスパート, which means \"specialist/expert\". However, I doubt we need this word in the first place, because アドバイザー already implies it. (And 専門家 **と** 顧問 sounds like there are two people--an expert and an adviser)\n\nSo if I'm allowed to modify it so that it looks natural and short, I would\nsay:\n\n> ネットワーク・サイバー・情報セキュリティアドバイザー",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-04T21:24:39.267",
"id": "30232",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-04T21:24:39.267",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "30222",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 30222 | 30232 | 30232 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've looked at previous posts made on conditionals but still have a bit of\ntrouble with なら. I was hoping someone could tell me the differences in\nmeaning/nuance between the following sentences. The first two sentences came\nfrom _A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar_ (p.283) and apparently do exist,\nbut the the last two I made up and would like to know if they work at all and\nwhy/why not.\n\n> テープレコーダーを **買う** ならテープを **くれる** はずです。(in dictionary)\n>\n> テープレコーダーを **買った** ならテープを **くれる** はずです。(in dictionary)\n>\n> テープレコーダーを **買った** ならテープを **くれた** はずです。(made up)\n>\n> テープレコーダーを **買う** ならテープを **くれた** はずです。(made up)\n\nAlso can you have 買っている/買っていた and くれている/くれていた？ This is probably a really\nstupid question but I'm obsessed with knowing all the possibilities.\n\nよろしくおねがいします！",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-04T11:47:37.683",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30223",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-05T00:05:00.090",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "12084",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"nuances",
"tense",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "Different nuances in meaning for なら sentences",
"view_count": 287
} | [
{
"body": "Here are my interpretations of the four sentences, in the listed order.\n\n(1) If [you] (are going to) buy a tape recorder, [I] expect [them] to give\n[you] tapes. _(Statement of expected outcome. Here I would interpret the tapes\nto come with the recorder.)_\n\n(2) If [you] bought a tape recorder, [I] expect [them] to give [you] tapes.\n_(Statement of expected outcome. Tapes are supplied to those who bought\nrecorders in the past.)_\n\n(3) If [you] bought a tape recorder, [they] should have given [you] tapes.\n_(Implies the expected outcome did not occur. They recorder was bought, but no\ntapes were supplied.)_\n\n(4) If [you] are going to buy a tape recorder, [they] should have given [you]\ntapes. _(Implies the expected outcome did not occur. Tapes should have been\ngiven to someone with the intent/promise of buying a recorder in the future.)_\n\n買っている/くれている to me implies a steady/regular purchase, say a monthly shipment,\nfor example. It than makes sense that one could expect a steady shipment of\ntapes to be supplied with it.\n\n買っていた/くれていた is like (3) above but for regular shipments.\n\nEdit: I realized 買っていた/くれていた does make sense.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-04T16:10:53.983",
"id": "30225",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-04T19:24:02.510",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-04T19:24:02.510",
"last_editor_user_id": "7238",
"owner_user_id": "7238",
"parent_id": "30223",
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"score": 3
}
]
| 30223 | null | 30225 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30250",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 出生も不明、実在したかどうかさえ不明瞭。 \n> ただ人々の口端にのみ上り、 **希代の剣豪の好敵手として祭り上げられた剣士を知る者など** 、この世でおそらくただ一人。 \n> 佐々木小次郎と呼ばれるモノを討ち果たした、史実に残らぬ宿敵のみ。\n>\n> Birth place unknown, whether he really existed or not also unknown. \n> Only, he became a rumor among the people, the one who knows him as a\n> swordsman with an excellent mastership of kendou and was his rival, in this\n> world there is only one I am afraid. \n> The one who killed the man known as Sasaki Koujiro, the enemy who did not\n> remain in formal history.\n\n希代の剣豪の好敵手として祭り上げられた剣士を知る者など \n希代の剣豪の好敵手として=As a rival with incredible mastership in kendou \n祭り上げられた=To set up as someone with an high social status or position (passive) \n剣士=Warrior \n希代の剣豪の好敵手として祭り上げられた剣士=The warrior who was set up as a rival with an incredible\nmastership in kendou \nを=Direct Object \n知る=To know \n希代の剣豪の好敵手として祭り上げられた剣士を=The warrior who was set up as a rival with an\nincredible mastership in kendou (who is receiveing the action of being 知る) \n者=Man (In this case I believe he is doing the action of knowing) \n希代の剣豪の好敵手として祭り上げられた剣士を知る者=The man who knows the warrior who was set up as a\nrival (his rival) with an incredible mastership in kendou \nなど=And such (It makes this the topic for the rest of the sentence)\n\nDo I understand this sentence correctly?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-04T15:42:05.810",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30224",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-10T07:56:31.683",
"last_edit_date": "2016-01-10T07:56:31.683",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "希代の剣豪の好敵手として祭り上げられた剣士を知る者など",
"view_count": 177
} | [
{
"body": "Your breakdown at the bottom seems basically fine to me.\n\n> 希代の剣豪の好敵手として祭り上げられた剣士を知る者 \n> the man who knows the swordsman who was set up as a rival to the great\n> sword master (of the day).\n\nHowever, your translation written at the top seems inconsistent with this. And\n`ただ人々の口端にのみ上り、希代の剣豪の好敵手として祭り上げられた` all modifies 剣士 as a relative clause.\n\nIn addition, など in this context is not \"and such,\" but a particle which\nemphasizes the sentence. ([more examples\nhere](http://www.jgram.org/pages/viewOne.php?tagE=nado%3B%20nanka%3B%20nante)).\n\n> ただ人々の口端にのみ上り、希代の剣豪の好敵手として祭り上げられた剣士を知る者など、この世でおそらくただ一人。 \n> There is probably only one man who knows the swordsman who only appears in\n> rumors and was set up as a rival to the great sword master.\n\n* * *\n\nBy the way, are these sentences fiction? The person who is said to have\ndefeated Sasaki Kojiro is [Miyamoto\nMusashi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miyamoto_Musashi), and he certainly\nexisted.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-06T03:38:10.283",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 30224 | 30250 | 30250 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30228",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "How would I say \"Sorry, I don't understand\" in Japanese?\n\nI know _wakarimasen_ means I don't understand, but what's the equivalent of\nmaking it apologetic? Would it be something like _wakarimasen gomennasai_?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-04T17:15:38.850",
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"id": "30226",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-01-04T17:25:49.810",
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"owner_user_id": "12119",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "Apologizing with \"sorry\"",
"view_count": 1182
} | [
{
"body": "It depends on who you're talking to. I would opt for the word 'sumimasen' here\nif you're talking to someone older or someone you don't know too well, as in:\n\"Sumimasen, wakarimasen (deshita).\" (You can use the 'deshita' if you want to\nsay \"I didn't understand you,\" although you can just leave it out if you want\nto say \"I don't understand you.\")\n\n[Here's an article about sumimasen that you might find\nhelpful.](http://japanese.about.com/library/blqow6.htm)",
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"creation_date": "2016-01-04T17:37:05.750",
"id": "30228",
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{
"body": "\"sorry, i don't understand.\" => \"sumimasen, wakarimasen.\".\n\n\"sorry\" => \"sumimasen\".\n\n\"understand\" => \"wakarimasu\".\n\nTo make it negative, convert \"...masu\" to \"...masen\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-05T09:24:56.677",
"id": "30240",
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"post_type": "answer",
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]
| 30226 | 30228 | 30228 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30241",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm currently reading the manga \"Fruits Basket\" volume 5.\n\n# Background\n\nThe protagonist of the manga is Tohru Honda (本田透). Strange circumstances\nbrought her to live in the same house as her (male) classmate Yuki Sohma\n(草摩由希). Yuki is a very popular boy, and the school has an unofficial Yuki fan\nclub, consisting of most of the girls in the school. And of course, those\ngirls don't like the apparent closeness between Tohru and Yuki, and pick on\nTohru on every occasion. Her best friend Saki Hanajima protects her. The girls\nin school are afraid of Saki as she has strange powers.\n\nIn this chapter, the fan club members decide to try to dig some dirt on Saki\nHanajima to stop her from protecting Tohru. They invite themselves to Saki's\nhouse on the pretext of interviewing her for the school newspaper. After a\nwhile she discovers what they are up to and accuses them directly. The\nfollowing conversation then ensues, where Saki says \"草摩{そうま}由希{ゆき}如{ごと}きのせいで\".\nThe fan club girls (Motoko, Minami and Miho) are appalled at her use of the\nword \"如{ごと}き\". A bit later when she is left alone she regrets using that word,\nsaying \"如{ごと}きだなんて草摩{そうま}由希{ゆき}にも悪{わる}い事{こと}を言{い}ってしまったわね\".\n\n# Question\n\nWhat is the significance of of 如き? Why is it so insulting in this context?\n\n# Quote\n\nThe conversation (a little shortened) goes like this:\n\n```\n\n モトコ：\n おやめなさい。\n 仕方{しかた}ありません。バレてしまったならば遠回{とおまわ}りな事{こと}はやめましょう。\n そうです。私達{わたしたち}は魔女{まじょ}…いえ本田{ほんだ}透{とおる}が非常{ひじょう}に気{き}に食{く}いません。\n どうです？貴女{あなた}から言{い}って頂{いただ}けませんか？\n 由希{ゆき}ともう少{すこ}し距離{きょり}を保{たも}ちなさいと。\n \n サキ：\n そんな事{こと}、二人{ふたり}の勝手{かって}でしょう。\n 嫉妬心{しっとしん}からくる行動{こうどう}は醜{みにく}いだけよ…\n \n ミホ：\n 嫉妬{しっと}じゃないもん。\n 頭{あたま}にきてるだけだもん‼︎\n \n ミナミ：\n そうよ。何様{なにさま}よあの子{こ}‼︎\n 由希{ゆき}君{くん}の何{なに}がわかるってのさ。ムカつく‼︎\n \n サキ：\n 貴女達{あなたたち}こそ透{とおる}君{くん}の何{なに}をわかってるの？\n 愚弄{ぐろう}される透{とおる}君{くん}が可哀想{かわいそう}だわ。\n 草摩{そうま}由希{ゆき}如{ごと}きのせいで。\n \n モトコ：\n 「如{ごと}き」…っ\n 「如{ごと}き」とか言{い}いやがりますか…っ\n 聞{き}きました？\n 聞{き}きましたか、二人共{ふたりとも}‼︎\n \n ミホ＋ミナミ：\n 聞{き}かせていただいちゃったですとも…っ\n \n サキ：\n 透{とおる}君{くん}を愚弄{ぐろう}するからよ…\n \n モトコ：\n 貴女{あなた}こそ由希{ゆき}を…私達{わたしたち}を愚弄{ぐろう}しています。\n そのトロンとした目{め}は馬鹿{ばか}にしている目{め}です‼︎\n \n```\n\n(The conversation continues, but I don't think the rest has any bearing on the\n如き issue).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-04T22:17:26.780",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30233",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"manga"
],
"title": "What is the significance of 如き in this conversation?",
"view_count": 608
} | [
{
"body": "To answer this question, the **_two_** usages of 「ごとき」 would need to be\nexplained as they actually are quite different from each other.\n\n> 1) Neutral 「ごとき」\n\nA (somewhat) literary word that is, in meaning, the equivalent of\n「～～ような」,「まるで～～のような」, etc. in modern Japanese.\n\nExamples:\n\n「そのタクシーは[飛]{と}ぶが **ごとき** スピードで[去]{さ}っていった。」= \"The taxi just whizzed by at a\nflying speed.\"\n\n「[人魚]{にんぎょ}の **ごとき** [少女]{しょうじょ}」= \"a girl just like a mermaid\" or \"a mermaid-\nlike girl\"\n\n> 2) Negative 「ごとき」\n\n**_This is the usage your question is about. The speaker has a negative or\npejorative view of a person or thing that he is talking about._**\n\n> 「Person's name (or any noun/pronoun) + ごとき」= \"a person/thing (as\n> detestable/unimportant, etc.) as ~~\"\n\n「ごとき」, in this usage, can be replaced by 「なんか」 or 「など」. Remember that 「ごとき」\nwill sound more \"dramatic\" than the other two, which in turn means that you\nwill not hear us use 「ごとき」 for this meaning in real life as often as you might\nin fiction.\n\n「草摩由希ごときのせいで」= \"because of the little bitch like 草摩由希\"\n\nExcuse my French!",
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"creation_date": "2016-01-05T10:30:48.923",
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"score": 8
}
]
| 30233 | 30241 | 30241 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30235",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I am trying to understand the phrase 「想像をはるかに上回る」.\n\nHere is the context:\n\nThere is an article / post whose contents are below.\n\n> 私には夢があります。ずっと前から大切に持ち続けてきた夢なのです。\n>\n> several lines later……\n>\n> 私も蝿に生まれたかったです！\n\nIn response to this, someone replied:\n\n> 想像をはるかに上回る願望…笑\n\nAccording to\n[thesaurus.weblio.jp](http://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E4%BA%88%E6%83%B3%E3%82%92%E3%81%AF%E3%82%8B%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AB%E4%B8%8A%E5%9B%9E%E3%82%8B),\namong the synonyms for a similar phrase, 「予想をはるかに上回る」, is 「想像もつかない」. Looking\nat this, one might guess that the whole reply could be translated as \"a dream\nthat exceeds all imagination\" or \"a dream far beyond my imagination.\"\n\nHowever, if this is correct, I am still not sure how that fits into the\ncontext. It seems to me that there are still several possibilities.\n\n * \"I did not see (imagine) that coming.\"\n\n * \"I cannot imagine why you would dream such a thing.\"\n\n * \"I cannot imagine having that dream come true and living life as a fly.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-05T01:46:00.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30234",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Meaning of the phrase 「想像をはるかに上回る」",
"view_count": 596
} | [
{
"body": "This could be answered in a word -- \"irony\".\n\n> [想像]{そうぞう}をはるかに[上回]{うわまわ}る[願望]{がんぼう}…[笑]{わら}\n\nThe phrase is not to be taken literally. The 「笑 (= lol)」 part at the end\nshould serve as a big hint. The speaker/author expects the listeners to laugh\nat the statement.\n\nOne of your interpretations: \"I did not see (imagine) that coming.\" would fit\nright in. (The other two sound kinda too \"serious\" IMHO even though those are\nwhat is actually meant by the speaker.)",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-05T02:09:10.463",
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{
"body": "On top of three alternatives you proposed, I would put the last Japanese lines\nyou quoted into the following dialogue, as just one of variations:\n\nA. I have a dream, the dream that I have cherished long, long time. I wish I\nhad been born a fly.\n\nB. It's a wish far beyond my imagination! (laughter).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-01-05T08:51:41.117",
"id": "30239",
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{
"body": "\"Your wishes/desires are beyond what anyone would imagine, lol\"\n\n...is my interpretation.\n\nOr to put in another way \"I can't imagine wanting to be a fly, lol\"\n\n想像 (imaginations) はるかに上回る (far exceed) 願望 (wish/desire) 笑 (lol)\n\nThe only part in the response that refers to the original context is the 願望\n(of the original writer). Everything else corresponds to the responding\nperson's opinion.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-26T01:17:36.290",
"id": "30720",
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"last_editor_user_id": "12347",
"owner_user_id": "12347",
"parent_id": "30234",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 30234 | 30235 | 30235 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "30237",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was reading a manga and a high school student goes to a university, then\ntalks to a person and says:\n\n> おいっ\n\nAfter the small chat the other person that seems to be a student from that\nuniversity says in her thoughts:\n\n> 高校生かな。。。\n>\n> オイって言われて。。。\n\nSo I have some questions:\n\n * Why with the おい she realizes it was a high schooler? Or it was simply weird?\n\n * What's the difference among おいっ and おい?\n\n * When, how, to whom, when not should I use this interjection?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-05T03:38:11.163",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "30236",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-05T04:10:38.150",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7387",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"interjections"
],
"title": "How is おい used?",
"view_count": 200
} | [
{
"body": "おい is basically \"Hey\" or \"Yo\", but it's a very rude and rough way to stop a\nstranger. I would say you should never use it, unless you are very upset\nand/or want to pick a fight with someone.\n\nProbably she thought he was a high schooler, at least partly because he\nobviously didn't know how to speak politely. Or perhaps she felt he was in his\n\"rebellious phase\".\n\nThere is no difference between おいっ and おい, except that the former sounds a bit\nstrong/brisk/energetic.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-01-05T04:10:38.150",
"id": "30237",
"last_activity_date": "2016-01-05T04:10:38.150",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "30236",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 30236 | 30237 | 30237 |
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