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{
"accepted_answer_id": "32981",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "One of my friends wrote in the end of the email \"Ouen shite iru yo!\"\n(応援{おうえん}しているよ). My approximate translation would be \"I will continue to\nsupport you!\"\n\nHowever, I am not good at Japanese and cannot sense what exactly it means, how\nstrong the expression is and what other semantic colors it has. Is it a common\nphrase? Can it be used only between close friends or even between any friends,\ncolleagues and acquaintances?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-19T10:31:11.240",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32978",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-19T14:50:15.457",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-19T14:50:15.457",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "9175",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"register",
"pragmatics"
],
"title": "What does \"Ouen shite iru yo!\" mean exactly?",
"view_count": 14282
} | [
{
"body": "応援する is an expression that can have a lot of different meanings. The most\nbasic meaning is simply stating that you hope something goes well. This also\nmeans that you can use 応援する even when talking to people you have just met.\n\n> 将来{しょうらい}の夢{ゆめ}は何ですか？ Do you have any dreams for the future?\n>\n> カフェやりたいです。I want to run my own coffee shop.\n>\n> いいですね！私も応援{おうえん}しているよ！ That's nice! I'm rooting for you!\n\nAs you can see this is just random small talk, and the person obviously has no\nintent to help with the coffee shop.\n\n> このカフェにいつも行ってお金{かね}を投入{とうにゅう}している本当{ほんとう}の理由{りゆう}は このカフェを応援{おうえん}しているからなんです。\n>\n> The real reason why I always spend my money in that coffee shop is because I\n> am supporting them.\n\nThis example shows that 応援する is not limited to humans, you can support an\nideal, a movement or a restaurant. There is also actualy financial support\ninvolved. It is natural that you have to pay for your own bills in a coffee\nshop, but it is implied that the speaker goes to that shop more often that he\nnormally would, just so that he can give them more money.\n\nThe last common use is being a fan of someone, for example a musician or idol.\nThis can involve buying CDs, going to concerts, helping them out with their\nwork, or even just regularly encouraging them on social media.\n\nThis is why most official announcements end in something like this.\n\n> 応援{おうえん}宜{よろ}しくお願{ねがい}いします。I am counting on your support!\n>\n> 引{ひ}き続{つづ}き、応援{おうえん}よろしくです！ Please keep on supporting me!\n\nThere is no way to truly explain 応援, but this should give you a general idea\nabout how to use it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-19T11:52:22.107",
"id": "32981",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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}
]
| 32978 | 32981 | 32981 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32987",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I heard somebody saying \"so ne\" which from the context sounded as if \"Yeah,\nsure!\". But then also one of my friends wrote to me \"Gambaru-ne!\" which from\nthe context appeared as if \"Gambaru to you too.\" or \"I will continue to tell\nyou gambarou as the last time\".\n\nBut what does \"ne\" exactly mean? In what grammatical structures and with what\nwords can it be used? Is it informal?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-19T10:41:25.463",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32979",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-19T16:15:05.673",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-19T14:47:58.520",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "9175",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"sentence-final-particles",
"particle-ね"
],
"title": "What does \"ne\" in \"so ne\" and \"gambaru ne\" mean?",
"view_count": 5065
} | [
{
"body": "First, concerning そうね, we have two possible interpretations. One is that it\nshows your agreement to the opponent. The other is that you are thinking about\nsomething and almost have found it right.\n\nAs for がんばるね, it's a bit difficult to explain but you can think of it as a\nkind of greeting in wrapping up the conversation.\n\nIf ね is used in a certain situation, it indicates that both the speaker and\nthe listener share context and information about what is said. For example, if\nyou say おいしいね to someone, it indicates that both you and s/he are involved in\na context that tells something is delicious and you believe there's no room\nfor both of you and him/her to doubt it. (Even if it's not the case, ね\nfunctions as a rhetoric to forcibly make the opponent affirm it.)\n\nWhen people wrap up a conversation, it's often accompanied with some sign that\nshows something is confirmed between speakers. That's probably why you see\nthis kind of use of ね.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-19T16:06:41.850",
"id": "32987",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 32979 | 32987 | 32987 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32989",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> (1) ご迷惑{めいわく}をおかけして、申し訳ありません。 \n> (2) 毎日{まいにち}、大変{たいへん}お手数{てすう}をおかけして、申し訳ありません。\n\n * both basically mean the same thing?\n * the time period for #1 is from 1 _afternoon_ to several years?\n * this time period for #2 is from 1 _week_ to several years?\n * #2 is rarely used?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-19T11:07:27.350",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32980",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-19T15:04:05.393",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "12506",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"keigo"
],
"title": "Comparison of \"迷惑をかける\" and \"手数をかける\"?",
"view_count": 2364
} | [
{
"body": "\"ご迷惑をおかけします\" in polite language is \"迷惑をかける\" in normal language. \n\"お手数をおかけします\" is also the same.\n\nI think 迷惑 has a meaning of 'to receive damage'. \nOn the other hand, '手数' has a meaning of 'to increase one's work'.\n\nTherefore 迷惑 expresses stronger feeling than 手数.\n\nHowever latter(2) has two modifiers of 毎日 and 大変. \n毎日 is 'every day'. \n大変 is 'so much'. \n\nTherefore (1) has nothing to do with time, and I think (2) is used, for\nexample, in the case of a greeting for school teacher.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-19T12:04:04.990",
"id": "32983",
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{
"body": "The two phrases are more or less the same but the way I see it, there is a\ntiny but appreciable difference between them:\n\n> 迷惑をかける = to inconvenience someone; to be a nuisance to someone\n>\n> 手数をかける = to inconvenience someone by putting them to trouble, that is, **by\n> making them do something (often 'extra' something) for or because of you**\n\nYou can 'inconvenience' others without the inconvenienced party necessarily\nbeing required to take the steps to solve your problem. (Examples: being a\nnoisy neighbor, falling behind the schedule, blocking the road, etc.) That's\nwhen you'd apologize, \"ご **迷惑** をおかけして申し訳ありません。\", but not likely \"お **手数**\nをおかけして申し訳ありません。\"\n\n\"お **手数** をおかけして申し訳ありません\" you'd say only when you know you have caused or are\ngoing to cause someone to take extra steps because of you, or in order to help\nyou. \"ご **迷惑** をおかけして申し訳ありません。\" will also do in such cases, though.\n\nSo in that light, I think it can be said that 手数をかける is one form of 迷惑をかける.\n\nI'm not sure if I understand your second and third question correctly, but (1)\ncan be said about something that happened on one afternoon, or that has been\ngoing on for years, and (2) about some situation spanning anywhere from a few\ndays to several decades, conceivably.\n\nAs for your last question, the addition of the two words 毎日 and 大変 means more\nspecificity of the entire utterance and more specificity probably means less\noccurrence, so I'd guess (2) is rare compared to (1). But between\n\"ご迷惑をおかけして、申し訳ありません\" and \"お手数をおかけして、申し訳ありません\", I don't think either is much\nrarer than the other. (I say these without checking any corpus.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-19T17:45:12.480",
"id": "32989",
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]
| 32980 | 32989 | 32989 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32985",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Sorry, I don't have any example sentences... \nAnyway, usually I heard the word 設定{せってい} in the meaning of \"adjusting\nsomething\". But now, in the factory, I have come across the phrase\n\"圧力{あつりょく}を調整{ちょうせい}する\". \nCould you please define the difference in usage between 設定{せってい}する and\n調整{ちょうせい}する?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-19T12:45:29.830",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32984",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-20T03:24:41.450",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-19T14:45:57.007",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "9364",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "Difference between 設定する and 調整する",
"view_count": 323
} | [
{
"body": "I think the difference can be summarised as:\n\n * 設定 - to set or configure \n\n * 調整 - to set or configure **towards a desired/expected outcome or value**\n\nI think 設定 is to set it up so that it works, while 調整 has a goal in mind.\n\nLooking up some online dictionaries:\n\n[設定](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E8%A8%AD%E5%AE%9A-548363#E3.83.87.E3.82.B8.E3.82.BF.E3.83.AB.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.B3.89):\n\n> * (ディジタル大辞泉) \n> ある物事や条件をつくり定めること\n> * (大辞林 第三版) \n> ある目的に沿って，新たに物事をもうけ定めること\n>\n\n[調整](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E8%AA%BF%E6%95%B4-568677#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88):\n\n> (大辞林 第三版) \n> 1. 調子の悪いものに手を加えてととのえること \n> 2. ある基準に合わせてととのえること。過不足なくすること。\n\n設定 means to set up or establish according to some standard/condition that was\ndecided.\n\n調整 means to adjust it from a undesirable or bad state, back in order to a\ndesired state. Or in the second explanation, to adjust something away from\nbeing too much or too little in order to conform with an established standard.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-19T14:04:30.287",
"id": "32985",
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"score": 4
},
{
"body": "設定 often implies you start from _tabula rasa_.\n\n調整 is more like optimization.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-19T17:56:11.060",
"id": "32990",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-20T03:24:41.450",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-20T03:24:41.450",
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"owner_user_id": "13840",
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]
| 32984 | 32985 | 32990 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "32988",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 町内会 **からは** ちびっこ店長 **と親しまれる** 謎の中国人・魃さんの振るう十字鍋は、ありとあらゆる食材を唐辛子まみれにする。\n\nMy TL: The Cross-shaped pot that Batsu-san, a mysterious Chinese man from the\nneighborhood association who is known as \"The little manager\", wields fills\nevery ingredient with chilli pepper.\n\nFL: \nThe manager, a favourite of the neghbourhood association, is a strange little\nman known as \"Small Manager\". Batsu-san has a tendency to fill every dish with\npepper.\n\nI do not understand からは and と親しまれる. \nWhere does \"a favourite of\" come from in this sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-19T16:01:09.727",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32986",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-19T17:59:55.070",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-19T17:59:55.070",
"last_editor_user_id": "6820",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "からは meaning in this sentence",
"view_count": 1481
} | [
{
"body": "[親]{した}しまれる is a passive form of [親]{した}しむ \"be familiar with.\" (親しまれる may be\nbetter translated as \"be popular\" or as you suggested, \"be favored by\")\n\nからは is sort of an emphatic form of から \"from\", or in this context, \"by.\"",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-19T17:18:19.783",
"id": "32988",
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]
| 32986 | 32988 | 32988 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "Please, could you help me to translate the phrase in bold in the following\nsentence?\n\n> I have **plunged into** my studies.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-19T22:44:12.790",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32995",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-20T21:05:31.113",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-20T02:42:44.663",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "9364",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"phrase-requests"
],
"title": "How to say \"plunge into (studies)\"?",
"view_count": 194
} | [
{
"body": "勉強にハマっている is one option.\n\n〜にハマる is a construction that is used to say that you're really into something,\nwhich I think is the gist of what one means when they say that they've\n\"plunged into\" something.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-19T23:19:21.807",
"id": "32996",
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},
{
"body": "Maybe\n\n> 勉強[漬]{づ}けだ \n> [I'm] immersed in [my] study",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-20T21:05:31.113",
"id": "33013",
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| 32995 | null | 33013 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33006",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Precedent phenomenon is a linguistic phenomenon where some words—like famous\npeople's names (especially of historical and political figures), titles of\nbooks or movies—are used not to indicate these people, books or movies, but as\na reference to well-known events or facts connected to them.\n\nI'll try to give some examples in English to be more understandable:\n\n 1. > Yesteday I met a girl in the city centre, she was a real Marilyn Monroe!\n\nHere it doesn't mean somebody met that woman named Marilyn Monroe, but a girl\nwho was as beautiful as she and probably looked alike. So this name here links\nto the image of Marilyn Monroe, not to the person itself.\n\n 2. > It was a Ninth Wave at sea this weekend and it was impossible to swim.\n\nIn this sentence \"Ninth Wave\" refers to the painting of Russian painter Ivan\nAivazovsky with the same title. ( _The Great Wave off Kanagawa_ can be the\nsame example.) It means that the weather was very stormy and there were great\nwaves.\n\nDoes this type (titles of paintings) of precedent phenomena exist in the\nJapanese language? Could you give some examples?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-20T10:56:24.603",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "32999",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-21T05:51:00.333",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "13621",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "Titles of paintings as precedent phenomena",
"view_count": 239
} | [
{
"body": "I am not sure if I am correctly understanding your question or your intention,\nbut if I am correct, for example,\n\nImagine, if I am now watching Mt. Fuji while driving on Route 1 (which\nconnects Nagoya and Tokyo).\n\nI might say,\n\n「おおまさしく富嶽三六景｛ふがくさんじゅうろっけい｝のようだ」(Wow, Mt.Fuji is exactly like\n富嶽三六景｛ふがくさんじゅうろっけい｝)\n\n**[富嶽三六景｛ふがくさんじゅうろっけい｝](http://woodblockprintsworld.com/fugaku-sanjurokkei-\nhokusai.html)** , as you can see in the linked page, is the painting by\n**[Hokusai Katsushika](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokusai)**\n\nI hope this answers your question^^.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-20T18:12:01.150",
"id": "33006",
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"body": "My answer would be \"NO\".\n\nSuch a phrase in Japanese has to be accompanied by まるで...のようだ \"[is] so much\nlike ...\" but that's not what you're looking for, is that? Of course you may\nfind several examples in literature but they are not a part of standard\nJapanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-20T20:01:58.890",
"id": "33009",
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| 32999 | 33006 | 33009 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33003",
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"body": "Maruko stops a friend who is passing by and asks him if he ever receives year-\nend presents at his house. He replies:\n\n> 「なんだよ急に、とっぴょうしもねぇこ **と** きく奴だなァ」\n\nI am completely stuck on nearly all of this sentence.\n\n 1. なんだよ is \"what!?\" and 急に is \"rapidly/abruptly\". I assume they go together to make a new meaning other than \"What!? Rapidly ...\", otherwise there should be some punctuation after なんだよ.\n\n 2. This part I'm especially confused about. とっぴ is a na-adjective meaning \"erratic\". What on earth is the ょうしもねぇ part after it?\n\n 3. Is the と in bold the quote particle or part of こと? I feel it's the latter and there's a particle (を) missing.\n\nThe sentence gives me the feeling of\n\n> \"What!? You certainly are a person who abruptly asks random questions\".\n\nBut I'm not at all confident.\n\nPlease can you break down this sentence so I can understand it?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-20T11:43:29.017",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33000",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-20T12:22:58.727",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"expressions"
],
"title": "Meaning of とっぴょうしもねぇ",
"view_count": 156
} | [
{
"body": "とっぴょうしもない is a fixed expression meaning \"outrageous\", \"crazy\" or \"absurd\".\n(Tip: When you see something with ねぇ try searching it with ない first.)\n\nWith more punctuation and less colloquialisms the sentence is\n\n> なんだよ、急に。とっぴょうしもないこと［を］きく奴だね\n\n * なんだよ is a way of voicing a complaint, like \"WTF!\" (but milder)\n * 急に, like いきなり, means something like \"out of the blue\"\n * こと nominalizes とっぴょうしもない\n\nI don't know how to translate 奴 idiomatically, but literally it would be\nsomething like\n\n> _lit._ Hey! [You're] someone asking absurd things.\n\nTrying to make your \"feeling\" more literal:\n\n> What the...!? You certainly are someone who asks absurd questions.\n\nMore colloquially you could go with \"WTF!? Are you crazy?\", although that's\nmore confrontational than the original.",
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"creation_date": "2016-03-20T12:20:58.100",
"id": "33003",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-20T13:00:40.577",
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"parent_id": "33000",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 33000 | 33003 | 33003 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33002",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "[As it was discussed\nhere](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/4210/why-is-%E3%82%92-used-\nin-this-\nsituation-%E7%A7%81%E3%81%AF%E5%85%88%E7%94%9F%E3%81%8C%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B3%E3%82%92%E5%A5%BD%E3%81%8D%E3%81%A0%E3%81%A8%E6%80%9D%E3%81%84%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99),\nthe particle を may sometimes be placed in front of 好き as long as the main verb\nof the sentense does not take anything else to be its を.\n\n> だれがおまえを好きだと言った。\n\nMy question is whether I can view this as\n\n> だれが **おまえを** 「好きだ」と **言った** 。\n\nwith the おまえを part outside the quotation, and corresponding to \"did anyone say\nto you / **tell you** << .... >>\". Does the verb 言う ever attach an を to\nitself, or if it does, is it different to this?\n\nI hope I am clear with my question ^^'",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-20T12:01:12.213",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33001",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.397",
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"owner_user_id": "10151",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "Question about だれが「おまえを好きだ」と言った",
"view_count": 243
} | [
{
"body": "The answer to your question is that you can't because を does not work like\nthat, を is the mark of the accusative (direct object) case and can't mark the\ndative (indirect object).\n\nSo basically, what you want to say is:\n\n> 誰がおまえ **に** 「好きだ」と言った **か** 。\n\n言う can be used with を and と at the same time:\n\n> AをBという -- Call A (as) B\n\nor as mentioned by Yoichi Oishi in the comments, you can use を alone with 言う.\n\n> 冗談を言う: Tell a joke \n> 名前を言う: Tell one's name \n> バカなことを言う: Say stupid things \n> ...",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-20T12:17:43.157",
"id": "33002",
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{
"body": "I think おまえを好きだ is unnatural because 好きだ is na-adjevtive. が(は) is basically\nplaced in front of adjective like おまえが好きだ.\n\nI think 誰がおまえに「好きだ」と言った is more natural as 変幻出没さん say.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-22T08:14:54.673",
"id": "33046",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-22T09:12:33.093",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-22T09:12:33.093",
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"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "33001",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 33001 | 33002 | 33002 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33024",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When did diacritic signs 濁点 and 半濁点 start to be used in the Japanese language?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-20T17:25:21.640",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33005",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-22T00:41:11.940",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "13621",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"history",
"kana",
"kana-usage"
],
"title": "When did 濁点 and 半濁点 come into use?",
"view_count": 336
} | [
{
"body": "I heard notation method of them were enacted in the period of Showa after WW2.\n\nThis is a post card that was made before Showa era. はがき is written as はかき on\nit.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/cDC2z.png)\n\nHowever, actually it seems that they are used since long ago.\n\nIt seems that 濁点 was used since Hiragana was invented in the 10th century and\nthat 半濁点 was invented by Portuguese missionaries in the 16th century.\n\nOriginally they were used as supplementary symbols for pronunciation.\n\nHere are two pages from a book written by the Portuguese in 1599, digitalized\nby Sophia University: [Page\n1](http://laures.cc.sophia.ac.jp/laures/pageview/type=specimens/image=JL-1599-KB22-21-17_1/zoomone/),\n[Page\n2](http://laures.cc.sophia.ac.jp/laures/pageview/type=specimens/image=JL-1599-KB22-21-17_2/zoomone/).\n\nThe 4th line from the right of the second page can be read as 「悪を退け善に勤しむべき事」.\n「べ」 has 濁点.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ek62n.png)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-21T06:32:33.803",
"id": "33024",
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"owner_user_id": "13598",
"parent_id": "33005",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 33005 | 33024 | 33024 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33010",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In America we say the fuel economy of car as miles/gallon (miles per gallon).\nI know in some countries people use Liter/100 km (liter per 100 km). Some\ncountries use km/Liter (km per liter).\n\nWhich format do Japanese people use, L/100 km or km/L?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-20T19:32:08.873",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33007",
"last_activity_date": "2019-09-26T09:54:21.980",
"last_edit_date": "2019-09-26T09:54:21.980",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "13916",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"usage",
"daily-life"
],
"title": "Liter/100 km or km/liter, which one is used in Japan?",
"view_count": 701
} | [
{
"body": "We use kilometers per liter only.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-20T20:11:54.717",
"id": "33010",
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{
"body": "That would be km/L (only).\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/U12Pg.jpg) \n(source: [車ラボ.com](http://xn--zdkza0666d.com/wp-\ncontent/uploads/2015/12/abb3c303622f03654433809fdad5ac83.jpg))\n\nFuel efficiency is called 燃費 and \"fuel efficient\" or \"fuel inefficient\" are\ncalled 燃費がいい or 燃費が悪い.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-20T21:21:09.310",
"id": "33014",
"last_activity_date": "2019-02-27T09:28:52.870",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1628",
"parent_id": "33007",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
]
| 33007 | 33010 | 33014 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33020",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Hamaji is asked if his house ever recieves year-end gifts. He says that they\nget dried shiitake mushrooms. His friends express surprise. One of them says\n\"it's not bad but...\" and then Hamaji says:\n\n> 「悪くはねぇんだよ。うちのかーちゃんなんてすげー喜んじゃってさぁ」 \n> \"It's **not** bad. Our mother ends up really happy\" (my TL attempt)\n\nI'm assuming 喜んじゃって is the て-form of 喜んじゃう which is a contraction of 喜んでしまう. I\ndon't understand why it is in て-form or what the meaning of さぁ is. What is\nthis てさぁ ending all about?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-20T19:36:06.843",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33008",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-21T04:10:29.130",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of て-form followed by さ",
"view_count": 734
} | [
{
"body": "[て/で]さ[あ] doesn't really mean much, it just emphasizes the speaker's feeling\nwas moved or the speaker was troubled in one way or another. \"Trouble\" might\nnot be a good word here, as it can mean something overwhelmingly joyful has\nhappened to the speaker.\n\n> 聞いてよ〜 タカシの奴がひどくってさぁ〜 \n> Listen to me [You know what?] [My boyfried] Takashi really annoys me!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-20T20:27:01.337",
"id": "33011",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-20T20:27:01.337",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "13840",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
},
{
"body": "This -て and this さぁ are not strongly related, and we can discuss them\nseparately.\n\nSentence-end -て is often used to [make a casual\nrequest](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12026/5010), and aside from\nthat, it's used to make the sentence \"unfinished\", and keep the listener's\nattention.\n\n * [Ending sentences with the て form](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/28577/5010)\n\nAnd さぁ/さあ/さ is yet another sentence-ending particle like ね(え), よ(お), わ.\n\nSo -てさぁ basically works as the attention drawer, like _you know_.\n\n> It's not bad. My mom was actually really happy with that, _you know_.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-21T04:10:29.130",
"id": "33020",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.740",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 33008 | 33020 | 33011 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33022",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm having difficulty understanding these sentences from my textbook.\n\n> このクラスにはキムさんの他に（も）韓国語が出来る学生がいますか。\n\nCould a literal (and rather awkward) translation go something like this:\n\n> In this class, are there students who can do the Korean language that Kim\n> can do in addition to (Japanese/English)?\n\nI'm most confused about the \"キムさんの他に（も）韓国語\" part. Is it treated here as a\nsingle noun clause meaning \"the Korean, in addition to (Japanese/English) of\nKim\"\n\nThe grammar explanation also gives this example.\n\n> 今日は授業に出る他は、何も予定がない。\n\nI think I understand the 他は part here, but am stuck on \"授業に出る.\" Does it mean\nleave class? That's what I'd think, but it seems an odd thing to say (unless\nthe speaker is in class now). Could it mean go to class?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-20T22:21:55.823",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33016",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-21T06:08:17.230",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-21T05:06:41.853",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "の他に（も）grammar example sentences",
"view_count": 2701
} | [
{
"body": "The も is categorized as the \"binding particle\".\n\n**[Here is the insight by the Japanese into the binding particle\nも。](http://mitizane.ll.chiba-u.jp/metadb/up/AA11143832/no.12_142_156.pdf#search='%E3%81%AB%E3%82%82+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E')**\n( This is the PDF. )\n\nFrom the above\n\n> 「も」について、寺村秀夫１９９１は「「ＸモＰ」の基本的な意味は、ＸについてＰを、Ｐ\n> と結びつくものとしてＸ以外のもの（～Ｘ）があるという影と対比しながらいうことであ る。\n\nTranslated\n\n> The binding particle も, Hideo Teramura developed his idea in 1991 も denotes\n> that there is something unspoken that binds the main object X, which also\n> binds with another object P, but not X itself, rather something other than\n> the X.\n\nAlso from the link\n\n> 「ＸもＰ」という文は、基本的には、聞き手が、「Ｘ」を聞いてすぐ、Ｘでな いものを連想することができる文脈、または状況があってはじめて成立する文である」と\n> 定義し、また、「も」は「数量、程度についての評価、その多少、高低を強調する意味で 使われる」と指摘している。\n\nTranslated\n\n> The sentence XもP is actually based on the idea that the sentence is\n> basically based on the presumption that the listener soon can imagine there\n> is something other than X. Also, the binding particle も is used to denote\n> the evaluation, quantity, height, degree of something.\n\nSo, に the case-marking particle, is \"specifying\" or \"pointing to\" in your\ncase, the noun 他.\n\nLet's divide キムさんの他に（も）\n\n--->\n\n> キム/さん/の/他/に/も\n\nSo, there is somebody other than Kim san ( who here is assumed to be able to\nspeak Korean ), which is expressed by the Japanese noun 他，and the binding\nparticle も here would be expressing \"there should be somebody **( more ) ( or\nother )** than Kim san,\" ( who can speak Korean. )\n\nHave a nice day.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-20T23:03:50.073",
"id": "33017",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-21T04:59:57.053",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-21T04:59:57.053",
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},
{
"body": "> \"キムさんの他に（も）韓国語\" part. Is it treated here as a single noun clause\n\nNo, 「キムさんの他に(も)」 modifies 「いますか」. \n「韓国語ができる」 is a relative clause modifying 「学生」.\n\nSo you would parse the sentence this way:\n\n> ｛このクラスには｝｛キムさんの他に(も)｝｛（韓国語が出来る）学生が｝いますか。\n\nAnd it would literally translate to:\n\n> ｛In this class｝, are there ｛students （who can speak Korean）｝ ｛other than\n> Kim-san｝?\n\n* * *\n\nAs for the 出る in your second sentence, it means \"to attend\" (≂ 出席する), as\n@virmaior has said in the comment.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-21T05:23:37.733",
"id": "33022",
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "33016",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 33016 | 33022 | 33022 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33019",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If an adjective follows 以上, how is interpretation affected? An example:\nそれ以上の大きな野心なんてない。 Should I understand that as \"I don't have ambitions larger\nthan that\" or \"I don't have large ambitions more than that (that is, I have a\nlarge ambition, and none in addition to that)\". Which interpretation, if\neither, is correct? please help me understand.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-21T02:29:13.870",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33018",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-21T03:46:59.803",
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"owner_user_id": "4187",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "以上 and adjectives",
"view_count": 165
} | [
{
"body": "それ以上の大きな野心なんてない means \"I don't have ambitions larger than that\", and the それ\n(aforementioned ambition) can be tiny or huge, depending on the context. Note\nthat の usually modifies the noun after it.\n\n> * 世界一の会社を経営したい。それ以上の大きな野心なんてない。 (Implies that's the largest ambition a man\n> can dream of)\n> * 毎日ゲームだけして暮らしたい。それ以上の大きな野心なんてない。 (Implies the speaker is not an ambitious\n> person at all)\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-21T03:41:48.357",
"id": "33019",
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"parent_id": "33018",
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"score": 4
}
]
| 33018 | 33019 | 33019 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33026",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am vainly trying to understand the paragraph below but I am running into\nsome difficulties. In particular, I have a lot of difficulties to figure out\nexactly what is meant by ダークホース here (there is a comics publisher whose name\nis Dark Horse but I think it is irrelevant here). The other point is `予測した私は`\nwhere I am not sure about `who estimates what`.\n\nThe extract:\n\n> この小説について \n> とあるご縁でお会いしたガガガ編集部の面々は、たいへん濃い方々でした。 \n> 彼らが求める小説は、きっととんがった内容ばかりになるじゃろう。 \n> **と広島弁で予測した私は、あえてひとりだけの作風でダークホースしようとして…** \n> 軽く失敗して横道スピンしてできたのがこの小説です。\n\nMy attempt at translating it:\n\n> About this novel. \n> A certain acquaintance introduced me to the publishing house GAGAGA, they\n> were so much enthusiastic people. They wanted a story polished to\n> perfection. **With a distinct accent from Hiroshima, I explained that I\n> tried at best to write in a unique and pleasant style and sought I might\n> success even if at the beginning anybody has any hopes about my work.** I\n> slightly failed and sometimes wandered away from the path but here is the\n> novel I wrote.\n\nHere I translated ダークホース by a periphrase explaining that a “dark horse” may\nwell be a horse that has been overlooked in a horse race but will win anyway.\nThe image hinted by the dark horse may be reused by 横道スピン but I did not\ninclude it in the translation.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-21T04:40:19.550",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33021",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-21T08:18:59.663",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-21T05:03:50.680",
"last_editor_user_id": "4216",
"owner_user_id": "4216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "What does ダークホース mean here?",
"view_count": 490
} | [
{
"body": "[ダークホース](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/132239/meaning/m0u/) itself is a well-\nknown horse racing term, but ダークホースする is not common. Anyway, I guess this\nダークホースする means exactly what you suggest (\"to succeed although there was no\nexpectation from others\").\n\nI think you have gotten some phrases wrong:\n\n * 濃い here is a slang term meaning \"unique\", \"eccentric\", \"having strong character\", etc.\n * とんがった is another casual expression which refers to the opposite of what you think. It's \"very unique (although it may be rough around the edges)\", \"individualistic\", \"avant-garde\", etc.\n * 予測 is \"to anticipate\", you have to stick to the literal translation.\n * 軽く here is \"so easily\" with maybe a bit sarcastic nuance. It implies \"as a natural consequence\", \"as everyone could easily expect\", etc.\n * 横道スピン is a car racing term, so I don't think it's a reference to ダークホース.\n\nSo the author tried to write a novel with a very unique style, thinking that's\nwhat the editors were expecting. But he admits he simply failed, and the\nresult was not a unique masterpiece but something only strange.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-21T07:26:15.410",
"id": "33026",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-21T08:18:59.663",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-21T08:18:59.663",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "33021",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 33021 | 33026 | 33026 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33028",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "So \"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland\" is known as \"不思議の国のアリス\" in Japan. What\ndoes the second の do here? I don't think it means that アリス belongs to the\n不思議の国, and 不思議の国 doesn't seem to be a characteristic of アリス either. So what\nexactly is going on here?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-21T13:58:16.983",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33027",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-24T22:53:00.390",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12271",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-の"
],
"title": "About the second の in 不思議の国のアリス",
"view_count": 234
} | [
{
"body": "The particle の does not only indicate possession, but also means a variety of\nother things such as hierarchical role, or in this instance, physical\nlocation. Here's the [dictionary\ndefinition](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/171157/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%AE/):\n\n> ㋒所在。…にある。…にいる。「大阪―友人」 (\"My friend in Osaka\")\n\nSo, 不思議の国のアリス does translate to \"Alice in the country of wonders.\" It does not\nmean that Alice lives there but that she is situated there for much of the\nstory.\n\nFor more information: [How does の really\nwork?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2770/so-called-%E3%81%AE-\nadjectives-how-does-%E3%81%AE-really-work?rq=1)",
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"body": "The symbol 'NO' means belongs to. Alice belongs to that country.",
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| 33027 | 33028 | 33028 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33042",
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"body": "> 「あはははは、こんなもの慣れよ慣れ。ほら、じっとしてな、払ってあげるから」\n>\n> 「い、いーですって、先生、自分でしますから」\n>\n> 「 **いっちょまえに照れちゃってもー** 。いーからいーから、自分じゃわかんないでしょ。ほら、頭の上とか」\n\nI don't quite understand how 一丁前に modifies 照れちゃっても in this context. I\nunderstand that 一丁前に has the ideas of becoming an adult associated with it,\nbut how does that come into play in this context? (She threw a snowball at\nhim, and he hates the cold.)",
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"tags": [
"meaning",
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "The meaning of 一丁前にてれちゃっても",
"view_count": 891
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{
"body": "She's teasing him. 一丁前に照れちゃって is something like \"So you are no longer a kid,\nyou know how to be shy!\" (like an adolescent boy, in a situation like this\nwhere a woman touches a man)\n\nもー at the end is もう, which is not a conjunction but an interjection like\n\"gee\", \"whew\". From a\n[dictionary](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/218382/meaning/m0u/):\n\n> ５ 自分の判断・感情などを強める気持ちを表す語。 **感動詞的にも用いる。** まさに。なんとも。「これは―疑う余地のない事実だ」\n> **「嫌になっちゃうなあ、―」**\n\nAs you can see in the example above, もー like this is usually (but not always)\npreceded by a comma.",
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| 33029 | 33042 | 33042 |
{
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"body": "I was wondering why some of the names for kanji radicals are different\ndepending on the source.\n\nFor example, right now I'm learning radicals on kaniwani and they called 「丶」\ndrop, but on my kanji learning app they called it a dot. The terms they call\nit are similar but still different. I would like to know which source is more\ncredible or reliable to study kanji radicals.",
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"tags": [
"kanji",
"radicals"
],
"title": "Why are there different names for the same kanji radical?",
"view_count": 651
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{
"body": "I do not know what WaniKani considers as a radical or not but I am willing to\ngive a generic answer that might extend your original question.\n\n* * *\n\nThe problem you mention is mostly a problem concerning terminology linked to\nthe English way of naming the radicals. First, you should know that there is\nnot a unique, standardized way of translating the 214 Japanese radicals. So\ndoes it really matter, dot or drop, after all it is almost the same thing: a\ndrop of ink will turn in a dot on paper. The radical you have given 「丶」 can be\nsaid as てん, ぽち, ちょぼ, チュ or チュてん (カタカナ for 音読み) and in English you can have\nsomething like: dot, drop, long dot. That's a lot but a single kanji can\nsummarize them all 点 (ぽち and ちょぼ are small 点). As you can see, there are\ndifferent names but the difference (in meaning) is very small.\n\nThere is a list of radicals in every dictionary and the different reading of\nthem all should be provided. But, since several options are possible when\ntalking about a radical, the objective is to get your way through rather than\nknowing exactly the name of radical at hand. I am pretty sure that nobody know\n(all) the names of all the radicals. So the answer to your question is that\nthe name of radical is often based on preference and what you may recall when\nyou want to talk about one. As for why the radical's name in English may\ndiffer from one location to another is due to the fact that there is no\nstandard.\n\n* * *\n\nAnother point that is interesting is that radicals' names can change depending\non their position. 偏{へん} (on the left), 旁{つくり} (on the right), 繞{にょう} (on the\nbottom), 冠{かんむり} (on the top) and 構{かまえ}え (wrapping) (there are four types of\n構え: 匸{かくしがまえ} (not to be mistaken with 匚｛はこがまえ｝(I am sure you're already\nenjoying radicals)), 囗｛くにがまえ｝, 門｛もん｝構え, 凵｛かんがまえ｝(or かんにょう or うけばこ (as you can\nsee again the names are not unique but still the meaning is same: 受け箱 vs 缶構え\n(← I am not sure for 缶 but it is very likely)))).\n\nSo what I mean is that for example the radical of 全 is 入冠{にゅうかんむり} (にゅう\nbecause of 入 and 冠 because it is on top). Concerning this kind of character\nwith a hat ({ひとがしら}) on top it, it is almost impossible to know whether it is\nclassified under にゅうかんむり or ひとがしら (ひとがしら can also be said ひと屋{や}根{ね} (屋根 is\nroof while かしら is head (again different word but same idea))).\n\nI conclude with a last example 心 (there are two variants 忄{りっしんべん} (as in\n恨｛うら｝み) and [㣺]{したごころ} (as in 慕{した}う)) but you can also find 心 unmodified at\nthe bottom of a kanji 怨{うら}めしい (here the radical is 心｛こころ｝and if you want to\nadd precision you can say 心繞{こころにょう} but I think 心 would be enough).\n\n(Note on why りっしんべん is called this way: りっ is from 立 (standing up) . You can\nfind this りっ in another radical 刂{りっとう})\n\n* * *\n\nSummary:\n\n * Name for radicals in English are not standardized ;\n * More than having the right name, there is multiple names but most of them mean just the same (drop vs dot, ちょぼ vs ぽっち, 屋根 vs 頭{がしら}, etc.) ;\n * The name of the radical can slighly change depending on its position.",
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| 33030 | null | 33103 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33040",
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"body": "> 「あそこで雪像作ってるのに混じってきたらどうですか？」\n>\n> 【湯花】「肉体労働とかあり得ないわー。学園の除雪だって面倒だから課外授業の一環として生徒にさせてるのに」\n>\n> 「思ってても言うべきじゃない事ってありますよね、特に大人は」\n>\n> 【湯花】「全くだ」\n\nIn the above extract, 湯花, said 全くだ in agreement with what the other character\nsaid. Her previous statement is not exactly in line with this idea. Is this\nmeant to be ironic or am I missing something?",
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"tags": [
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "Is this 全くだ meant to be irony?",
"view_count": 152
} | [
{
"body": "Though I'm ignorant of the preceding setting, Yuhana declined the other\ncharacter’s suggestion for Yuhana to join the production work of snow statues\nby adding an unnecessary and problematic reasoning – the teachers are letting\ntheir pupils engage in heavy work of removing accumulated snow from the\nschoolhouse because it’s troublesome for teachers to do it.\n\nThe other one hanged on this remark of Yuhana, and warned her not to say such\nan insensible thing – to let school children clear the snow, even she\nenvisaged so.\n\nYuhana responded “It’s true, exactly” in realization of, and remorse for that\nher own remark – letting pupils engage in heavy labor of clearing snow as a\npart of extracurricular activities was thoughtless.\n\nSo, Yuhana’s 「全くだ」is not an irony, nor it does contradict with preceding\npassage. It’s Yuhana’s self-reflection for admitting her reference to letting\nschool children clear snow was inappropriate rational for her not willing to\njoin the snow work as well as a remark to be made by an adult. She admits it's\nher gaffe.",
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"body": "I feel this depends on the context and her character.\n\n * (most likely) 湯花 was talking to her close friend, and she wanted to confess her feelings anyway, knowing it was not suitable. (全くだ ≒ Yeah, I know) (Can I say she's being ironical?)\n * (less likely) 湯花 changed her mind after the other person pointed out it was not suitable. (全くだ ≒ Fine, you're right.)\n * (possible) 湯花 is an お調子者 character, and said 全くだ purely as a joke ([ボケ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manzai)).",
"comment_count": 2,
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| 33031 | 33040 | 33040 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33033",
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"body": "While studying my Genki textbook I noticed that the word たばこ uses hiragana\ninstead of katakana. I've always seen loan words to be in katakana, so this\nwas interesting to me. I saw in [this\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/3987/10994) that this is because\nits an older word. I was wanting to know if there was more information about\nthis. Why is たばこ, a loan word, written in hiragana?",
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"tags": [
"etymology",
"kana-usage"
],
"title": "Why is たばこ written in hiragana instead of katakana?",
"view_count": 3970
} | [
{
"body": "The simplest explanation is that たばこ is often written in hiragana because it\nwas borrowed so long ago that it has nativized. ~~(Sorry, in a rush -- details\nto be posted later.)~~\n\n**Update**\n\nThere are a few words that are definitely borrowings, but that were borrowed\nso long ago that they are treated as native terms, and they might even have\nkanji spellings.\n\n * _Tabako_ is one such word. The substance was introduced to Japan by the Spanish and Portuguese missionaries in the late 1500s. The source of the Japanese term is generally listed as Portuguese _tabaco_. The term may be encountered in hiragana as たばこ, in katakana as タバコ, and in kanji as 煙草 (most common, even offered up by the MS IME), or as 烟草 or 莨 (less common, listed in some dictionaries).\n\n * _Tenpura_ is another well-known Japanese term that was borrowed. This too has kanji spellings, as 天麩羅 or 天婦羅, even though the term again comes from Portuguese. [See the Wiktionary entry](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E9%BA%A9%E7%BE%85#Japanese) for more detail.\n\nAs a general rule of thumb, borrowings are indeed spelled in katakana.\nHowever, the older the borrowing, the less this rule applies. For instance,\n[this other question-and-answer\nthread](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/332/) lists several old\nborrowings from Korean that are treated as nativized Japanese words, complete\nwith kanji spellings. For newer borrowings, especially from English, katakana\nis the way to go.\n\n**Update 2**\n\nMore details about the history of the term タバコ, with references (emphasis and\ntranslations mine).\n\n * Shogakukan's **国語大辞典** mentions the following: \n\n> 原産地では古代から吸煙に利用され、一六世紀初頭にスペインに伝わり、世界じゅうに急速に普及、日本へは **安土桃山時代** に輸入された。 \n> Used in its place of origin since ancient times for smoking, reaching Spain\n> in the early 1500s, rapidly spreading around the world, imported to Japan in\n> the **Azuchi-Momoyama period**.\n\nThe 安土{あづち}桃山{ももやま}時代{じだい} ([Azuchi-Momoyama\nperiod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azuchi%E2%80%93Momoyama_period)) dates\nfrom 1573 to 1603.\n\n * [**Daijirin** explains](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E3%82%BF%E3%83%90%E3%82%B3): \n\n> 日本へは **近世初頭** に南蛮船によってもたらされた。 \n> Brought to Japan by ships from Spain or Portugal in the **early modern\n> ages**.\n\n近世{きんせい} ( _\"[early modern\nages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_modern_period#Japanese_shogunates)\"_)\nis further defined more specifically as:\n\n> 日本史では，後期封建制の時期の **安土桃山** ・江戸時代をいう。 \n> In Japanese history, refers to the late-feudal **Azuchi-Momoyama** and Edo\n> periods.\n\n * [**Daijisen** explains](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E7%85%99%E8%8D%89-562163): \n\n> 南アメリカの原産で、 **桃山時代** に輸入。 \n> Originally from South America, imported in the **Momoyama period**.\n\n * [**Gogen Allguide** explains](http://gogen-allguide.com/ta/tabaco.html): \n\n> 日本には南蛮貿易を通して伝わり、 **慶長年間（1596～1615年）** にはタバコの栽培が行われた。 \n> Reached Japan via trading with the Spanish and Portuguese, with tobacco\n> then cultivated in the **[Keichō era\n> (1596-1615)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keich%C5%8D)**.\n\nCultivation was preceded by importation of the product and the term, and this\ntiming again coincides with the other sources.",
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"body": "History of smoking is pretty long in Japan to say たばこ is a borrowed word,\nthough it’s certainly foreign origin. According to Wikipedia, there’s two\ntheories about the time of the tobacco coming to Japan. One is at the time\nguns were brought into Tanegashima by Portuguese for the first time in Japan\nin 1543, and the other, it was imported much earlier than that by westerners\naround 1600.\n\nIt’s pretty new to come to write タバコ in Katakana. Before then, it was written\nin Kanji same with Chinese equivalent, 烟草. For examples, we can find “巻煙草 -\ncigarette,” ”刻煙草 - finely chopped tobacco,” ”嗅煙草 - sniffing tobacco,” and “噛煙草\n– chewing tobacco,” in “毛吹草 - Kefukigusa,” a commentary on 俳諧 ‐ Haiku written\nby Matsue Shgeyori and published in 1643. We also see the word, “煙草,” in the\nline, ”請願寺通の末なる煙草切の女といへり – She was said to be a dried tobacco-leaf chopper by\nher profession, who lives in the corner of Seiganji Teple Street in Kyoto” in\n“好色五人女 – Lecherous five women” of a famous novelist and play writer, 井原西鶴 –\nIhara Saikaku in early Edo era.\n\nIn Showa-era, たばこ is written in Katakana. “タバコのみの歯磨スモカ – Sumoka, the\ntoothpaste for heavy smokers” was a famous, long-life slogan invented by a\ngenius of copywriting, Kataoka Toshio in early 19 century. Since then tobacco\nis written and indicated in three ways of タバコ, たばこ, and 煙草.\n\nIf you google “tabako” in romaji, you will get instantly “タバコ銘柄、値段、種類、”たばこ税,”\n”たばこ事業法,” “JT website 煙草商品一覧,” and so on.\n\nSo you cannot say “たばこ uses hiragana instead of katakana.” Actually たばこ、タバコ,\n煙草 are all in parallel use today.",
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| 33032 | 33033 | 33033 |
{
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"body": "【たるひ】「窓も開けられなかったしね」\n\n【瞠】「冬場に窓を開ける必要なんてないだろ」\n\n【たるひ】「うん、その意見には諸手をあげて賛成ー。 **めちゃくちゃ寒いもん** 」\n\n【三橋】「ふたりとも窓際の席だもんね、あそこ冷えるんだよねー」\n\nIn the conversation above I am unsure of what is meant by めちゃくちゃ寒いもん. From\nwhat I can see, this could either be interpreted as :\n\n1) If the windows were opened then it would be freezing\n\n2) It is freezing, therefore the windows shouldn't be opened (because it would\nbecome even colder).\n\nWhilst they both revolve around the idea of opening the window making things\ncolder, they focus on different things.\n\nCould someone clarify which of these (or any other) ways is the correct way of\nunderstanding this utterance in this context?",
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"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "めちゃくちゃ寒いもん : Because it is freezing, or because it would be freezing?",
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} | [
{
"body": "From the following context:\n\nTaruhi: We couldn’t open the window.\n\nMiharu: We don’t need to open the window. Do we?\n\nTaruhi: Yes. I completely agree with your opinion. (Because) it’s terribly\ncold (outside).\n\nMihashi: Both of us are seated in the window-side. It’s so cold over there.\n\nI take the part in question - めちゃくちゃ寒いもん for “(because) it’s terribly cold\noutside, (and we’ll be frozen with flow-in of cold air, if we open window.”\n\n“めちゃくちゃ寒いもん” apparently refers to the present status, and not the situation\nthat can be supposed to happen after opening the window.",
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| 33034 | 33035 | 33035 |
{
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"body": "I've been trying to figure this text out in NHK news easy:\n<http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10010447431000/k10010447431000.html>\n\nThere is a part when it says: トラックなど１２台の車がぶつかる事故がありました。 I couldn't understand\nthis トラックなど１２台の車 exactly, the order of the words are confusing me I think. I'm\nreading \"truck 12 cars\", and I don't know what this など is doing. I think the\noverall meaning is \"one truck and twelve cars\", but I want to know exactly\nwhich role each word is playing. Could someone explain this part to me?",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-order",
"particle-など"
],
"title": "What does トラックなど１２台の車 mean?",
"view_count": 162
} | [
{
"body": "「など」means like \"etc.\" or \"and so on\". Here, 車 isn't necessarily \"cars\", but\n\"vehicles\". So overall, it means \"There was an accident involving 12 vehicles\n(trucks included).\" Or you could more easily say \"A 12-car pileup\"; in this\ncase—even in English—you would know that \"12-car\" is not just limited to\nactual \"cars\", but vehicles.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-21T23:29:02.743",
"id": "33037",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 33036 | 33037 | 33037 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am in my fourth online Japanese class at UMUC Asia and we just started\nlearning about potential form of verbs. I was wondering if there is an easy\nway to explain what it is? My teacher's explanation was not helpful and I\ncannot find any easy way to explain so I am stuck. Any help is greatly\nappreciated!!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-21T23:47:27.517",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33038",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-26T07:20:08.343",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-26T07:20:08.343",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "13571",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"verbs",
"conjugations",
"potential-form"
],
"title": "What is potential form?",
"view_count": 866
} | [
{
"body": "Potential form in Japanese has two patterns. One is that you use verbal\nauxiliary \"れる、られる\" which means potential like 食べられる.\n\nAnother is that you use potential verbs. When 五段活用 verbs change to 下一段活用\nverbs, they sometimes become potential verbs and they are called 可能動詞. For\nexample, when a 五段活用 verb 書く changes to a 下一段活用 verb 書ける, it become a\npotential verb of 書く.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-22T07:10:22.263",
"id": "33045",
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},
{
"body": "\"Potential\" refers to the potential to do a verb. For example: you can read, I\ncan speak, we are able to see.\n\nIn English we normally use the auxiliary verbs \"able\" and \"can\" but in\nJapanese the verbs inflect for case and is prescribed as mentioned by Yuuichi\nTam.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-22T19:25:48.993",
"id": "33063",
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| 33038 | null | 33063 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "IPA transcription of kana づ please: I think it will be [dzɯ].",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-22T02:45:49.393",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33043",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-23T00:42:17.080",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-22T02:53:07.310",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13935",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kana"
],
"title": "IPA transcription of kana づ please",
"view_count": 508
} | [
{
"body": "The same as ず, can be /dzu/, /dʒu/ or /ʒu/.\n\nSource:\n[https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/づ](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%A5)\n(Cited by @istrasci)",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-22T16:01:27.363",
"id": "33058",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-22T16:01:27.363",
"last_edit_date": null,
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},
{
"body": "This description is written from Toukyou-area Japanese / 標準語; it applies\nthrough most of the rest of Kantou and most of Kansai and Chuugoku as well\n(with the major exception of the Unpaku dialect around the former Izumo\nprovince).\n\nThe consonant will be [z] or [dz] depending on speaker and context. ず varies\nsimilarly, and there is no way to distinguish between the two.\n\nThe vowel has no agreed-upon IPA transcription. It's not [ɯ] because it does\ninvolve bringing your lips together, but it's not [u] because it doesn't\ninvolve pushing your lips outwards or pulling the corners of your mouth\ntogether. Some (I don't remember who) have described it as a 'compressed'\nvowel rather than a rounded vowel; you bring your lips together but not as\nmuch as with [u], and without rounding them at all (the corners remain\nbasically in place).\n\nI have heard it vary, though, anywhere from really quite similar to [u]\n(especially in more choral singing; I wonder if this is European influence) to\nsomething that's as far forwards as [ʉ]. Mostly it seems to be in the middle,\nthough, conforming fairly well to the above description.\n\nElsewhere in Japan:\n\nPart of southern Shikoku (Kouchi, for example) preserves the original [d] in\nfree variation with [dz], contrasting with the [z] in ず. Kagoshima and eastern\nKyuushuu contrast just [dz] with ず's [z].\n\nIn Touhoku/Hokkaidou and some parts of the Unpaku area, づ・ず have further\nmerged together with ぢ・じ thanks to /i/ and /u/ merging into [ɨ] (I think,\nJapanese sources mostly transcribe it unhelpfully as 'ï') after /t d s/ (and\nmaybe /n/?). This has removed the trigger for the /s z/ → [ɕ ʑ] change, and\nall four kana vary in pronunciation between [zɨ] and [dzɨ]. Other parts of the\nUnpaku area have shuffled around /i/ and /u/ rather than merging them and\nmostly leave づ as [du] (probably not with actual [u] but the Japanese version\ndescribed above).\n\nNarata in Yamanashi prefecture apparently pronounces づ with [ɖ], oddly enough;\nthe whole yotsugana series (じ・ぢ・ず・づ) is the rather remarkable [ði ɖʐi ðu ɖu]\n(with the same caveat about 'u').",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-23T00:42:17.080",
"id": "33066",
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| 33043 | null | 33066 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33050",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> 屋敷を一回りしただけで設計図を思い描き、 **本来なければおかしい部屋がない事を指摘する。**\n\nWhat does the last sentence mean?\n\n> Just by going around the mansion once he was able to drew a blueprint, **If\n> it were not normal it points out the fact that there are no strange rooms?**\n\n本来ならば=Normally \n本来なければ=Not normally ?\n\nI am really not understanding that. \nThank you",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-22T09:40:32.603",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33047",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-24T08:03:47.593",
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"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "本来なければ usage and meaning",
"view_count": 1239
} | [
{
"body": "You would parse it as:\n\n> [(本来、なければおかしい)部屋がない]事を指摘する。\n\n本来なければおかしい is a relative clause modifying the 部屋.\n\nなければおかしい部屋 means なければならない部屋 / あるはずの部屋 / あるべき部屋, \"a room which should exist,\"\n\"a room which should be there.\"\n\nSo your sentence would be like:\n\n> (lit.) He points out that [a room (which naturally should exist) doesn't\n> exist]. \n> He points out that [a room (which naturally there should be) isn't there]. \n> He points out that [a room (which originally should be there) is missing].",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-22T11:11:49.207",
"id": "33050",
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"score": 7
},
{
"body": "It seems you got a few things mixed up. Allow me to show you how I parse it.\n\n**・なければおかしい is a clause modifying 部屋**\n\n> [なければおかしい]部屋 ⇒ a room [that it would be strange if it didn't exist]\n\n**・本来なければ is not the negative version of 本来ならば (It never is!)**\n\n本来 here is an adverb that modifies (or is part of?) the relative clause.\n\n> [ **本来** なければおかしい]部屋 ⇒ a room [that, **normally** , it would be strange if\n> it didn't exist]\n\nSo, 本来なければおかしい部屋 is a noun phrase, acting as the subject of the clause\n本来なければおかしい部屋 + が + ない (a room doesn't exist that, normally, it would be\nstrange if it didn't exist).\n\nLastly, 本来なければおかしい部屋がない事を指摘する I'd translate as:\n\n> (...) points out the fact that a room is missing that naturally has to be\n> there.\n\nor something along those lines.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-22T11:34:54.133",
"id": "33052",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-22T13:34:34.840",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "I agree with the O.P.'s take of the first half of the Japanese text - Just by\ngoing around the mansion once he was able to draw a blueprint, but I take the\nlatter part of it as;\n\n“and pointed out that there is not the room that (originally) should be there\n(as he envisaged in his blue print).”\n\n本来なければおかしい means \"Originally, it should be there / It’s unnatural to be\nlacking in it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-22T11:34:58.437",
"id": "33053",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-22T11:48:31.137",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-22T11:48:31.137",
"last_editor_user_id": "12056",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "33047",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 33047 | 33050 | 33050 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across 2 sentences that include the repeated words.\n\n1) **流れ流れた** ドヤ街で へんなおやじにつきまとわれて...\n\n2) マスコミ利用し世間からせしめた黄金百万両！ **御用御用** とむらがる捕り手あたるをさいわいぶったおし...\n\nI would like to know if there is any meaning other than their literal\nmeanings. Or is the purpose of repeated words just emphasizing their original\nmeaning?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-22T09:49:36.783",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33048",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-22T11:23:23.683",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"words",
"colloquial-language",
"manga"
],
"title": "What is the purpose of repeated words?",
"view_count": 848
} | [
{
"body": "1) This kind of repeated verbs express the action that happened repeatedly, or\nfor a long time. The effect is not very different from how English speakers\nsay \"He ran and ran\" and such. In addition, this 流れ流れた has 7 morae, and you\ncan see this forms a good 七五調 rhythm like\n[_waka_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waka_\\(poetry\\)).\n\n> 流れ流れた(7) - ドヤ街で(5) - へんなおやじに(7) - つきまとわれて(7) ...\n\n2) 御用! (or 御用だ!) is a phrase which was actually shouted by [policemen in the\nEdo period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo_period_police) (well, [at least\nin dramas\ntoday](http://news.livedoor.com/article/image_detail/5430414/?img_id=1817082)).\nSo 御用 is naturally repeated, as shown in [the dictionary\nexample](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/82495/meaning/m0u/) below:\n\n> ３ 捕り手が官命で犯人を捕らえること。また、 **そのときのかけ声** 。転じて、警察につかまること。 **「―、―、神妙にしろ」** 「―になる」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-22T11:13:39.317",
"id": "33051",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-22T11:23:23.683",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-22T11:23:23.683",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "33048",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 33048 | null | 33051 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "What does 'タメを作る' mean?\n\nWhat exactly is being 'made/created'?\n\nWhat is a 'タメ'(as I understand, is being used as a noun here)?\n\nI see the phrase frequently being used in the context of sport, such as\n\n'スイング中タメを作る方法' (how to create a タメ during your swing?) or\n\n'タメを作るエクササイズ' (exercises for creating a タメ?)\n\nis this phrase strictly a sports term or is it also used in non sports\ncontexts?\n\nI found a post on japanese yahoo answers where a person asks the exact same\nquestion in the context of\nsoccer.(<http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1353818073>)\nThe OP thinks it means '味方の上がりを待つこと？', and people are saying that's mostly\ncorrect. However this leaves me even more confused. 'Waiting for your allies\nto advance'? I'm perplexed.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-22T12:59:06.710",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33054",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-22T19:19:03.803",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13939",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"sports"
],
"title": "What does 'タメを作る' mean?",
"view_count": 279
} | [
{
"body": "From what I understand, it's all about coordination, either between the\nplayers of a team or even between your body parts. In football you want to\nattack together with your team, so if you're a bit ahead of your allies, you\nslow down and try to keep the ball to yourself while they're getting closer,\nand that's when you make a タメ. In golf you want to move your body in a way\nthat maximizes the strength of your hit, and for that you have to start moving\nyour arm slightly later than the rest of your body, so you do a タメ with your\narm. Something like that?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-22T16:04:09.870",
"id": "33059",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-22T16:04:09.870",
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"owner_user_id": "12271",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "ためを作る means \"You leave(stop,stay)something at the place for a short time.\n\nFor example, 'スイング中ためを作る\" means you stay taking a backswing for a short time.\nためを作る in soccer means \" To wait teammates with staying there and keeping a\nball).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-22T16:56:17.800",
"id": "33062",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-22T19:19:03.803",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-22T19:19:03.803",
"last_editor_user_id": "7320",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "33054",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 33054 | null | 33059 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33057",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> あのサーヴァント―アサシンには一騎打ちで望まなければ、先にマスターを叩かれてしまう……！」\n>\n> Against that servant, if I don't fight one on one against Assassin, my\n> master will end up being knocked out first.\n\nWhy is で望まなければ used here? \nI am pretty sure it should be 臨まなければ, but since I am still not that good with\nJapanese, I thought I should ask anyway.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-22T15:46:43.657",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33056",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-23T02:14:46.473",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "Is 望む a typo for 臨む in this sentence?",
"view_count": 132
} | [
{
"body": "The etymology is the same for 望む and 臨む, but you are right. When facing\nsomething (i.e. a challenge) the latter should be used.\n\nSource: スーパー大辞林 / Super Daijirin Japanese Dictionary (2010, 2013 Sanseido Co.,\nLtd.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-22T15:52:38.203",
"id": "33057",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-22T16:11:28.943",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-22T16:11:28.943",
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"owner_user_id": "13942",
"parent_id": "33056",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
},
{
"body": "You are right. It’s clearly a typo or misuse of “望む” for “臨む”, though both\nwords sound phonetically the same.\n\nAccording to 広辞苑, while “臨む” means ① to face, confront. ② to go to the place,\nwhile “望む” means ① to view from a long distance. ② to desire, expect sth.\n\nSo \"望まなければ” of “アサシンには一騎打ちで望まなければ - If I don't face Assassin one on one,”\nshould be ”臨まなければ.”",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-23T01:27:53.620",
"id": "33067",
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"parent_id": "33056",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 33056 | 33057 | 33057 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33065",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「なんて立派な干しシイタケ。上等の **どんこ** だよっ。」 \n> What splendid dried mushrooms! They're first-class ????\n\nWhat is どんこ in this sentence? The dictionaries only mention a kind of fish.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-22T20:14:23.310",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33064",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-24T04:47:28.303",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Meaning of the word どんこ",
"view_count": 202
} | [
{
"body": "Because the text says ”立派な干ししいたけ,” it's not a fish called \"どんこ,” famously\nfound in the Ariake shoal in northern Kyushu.\n\nどんこ（冬子、冬菇 in Kanji）is a shiitake mushroom grown in winter time. It has a thick\n“body and meat,” and is very delicious. The dried “Donko” is regarded as the\nhighest class of shiitake and precious. It could be our 垂涎の的 ー the target of\ngourmands.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-22T21:33:51.563",
"id": "33065",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-24T04:47:28.303",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-24T04:47:28.303",
"last_editor_user_id": "12056",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "33064",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 33064 | 33065 | 33065 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33077",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have come across a couple of concepts that seem relatively similar, but I\nwould like an understanding on their differences, if any.\n\nThe first is the dictionary/ない form + ようとする. And the other is the conjugated\nvolitional form (or よう form) + にする. I have seen both to mean essentially\nattempted to do that verb.\n\nSo for example, the difference between 取ろうとする and 取るようにする.\n\nFor example, TaeKim seems to use the volitional form, while The Essential\nJapanese uses the ようにする form. Are there any differences?\n\nTaeKim: <http://www.guidetojapanese.org/try.html#part3>",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-23T03:05:46.950",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33068",
"last_activity_date": "2020-04-18T16:29:43.387",
"last_edit_date": "2020-04-18T16:29:43.387",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11049",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances",
"volitional-form",
"auxiliaries"
],
"title": "Understand the difference between [dictionary/ない + ようとする] and [volitional + にする]",
"view_count": 1877
} | [
{
"body": "The (よ)う in ～(よ)うとする is volitional. ～(よ)うとする means \"try to do ~~\" \"be about to\ndo ~~\", and is attached to the 未然形 (imperfective form) of verbs, as in\n「[走]{はし}ろ+うとする」「[歩]{ある}こ+うとする」「[見]{み}+ようとする」etc.\n\n> * 私は母を手伝お **うとし** ました。 I tried to help my mother.\n> * 日が沈も **うとし** ています。 The sun is about to set.\n> * 出かけ **ようとする** と、雨が降ってきました。 When I was about to go out, it started to\n> rain.\n>\n\n～(よ)うとする cannot be attached to ～ない. One way of saying \"try not to ~~\" would be\n～まいとする, e.g. 「走るまいとする」「歩くまいとする」「見まいとする」 etc. \n～まいとする sounds a bit literary, and you can instead use ～ないようにする in most cases,\nlike 「走らないようにする」「歩かないようにする」.）\n\n* * *\n\nThe ように in ～ようにする is 比況・例示・推定の助動詞 (auxiliary of similarity, example or\ninference)\n[[様]{よう}だ](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/226613/meaning/m0u/%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%A0/).\n～ようにする can mean \"make sure that ~~\" \"make an effort so that ~~\" \"try to ~~\",\nand is attached to the dictionary form and the ない-form of verbs, as in\n「歩く+ようにする」「走らない+ようにする」「見る+ようにする」「見ない+ようにする」, etc.\n\n> * 毎日母を手伝う **ようにし** ます。 I'll make sure I'll help my mother every day.\n> * 宿題を忘れ **ないようにし** ます。 I'll make sure I won't forget my homework (in the\n> future).\n> * 犬に近づか **ないようにし** ました。(≂ 近づくまいとしました。) I tried not to get close to the\n> dog.\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-23T09:54:23.440",
"id": "33077",
"last_activity_date": "2016-12-29T03:42:39.393",
"last_edit_date": "2016-12-29T03:42:39.393",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "33068",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 15
}
]
| 33068 | 33077 | 33077 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33089",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This one middle page in between these three\n([link](https://i.stack.imgur.com/dGzi6.jpg)) has been weighing on my mind for\na good while. The character would seem to be commenting on a brave/chivalrous\naerial battle going on overhead, and it's the only line he has in the chapter.\n\nHowever I haven't been able to come up with an interpretation of his lines\nthere that satisfies me, mainly as I can't figure out how the これ程とはね、認めよう and\n...空、 空か segments are interacting. Is he acknowledging/認めよう'ing the\nfighters/their bravery himself? If so what is the 空、 空か bit meant to convey?\nOr is he saying the sky itself is acknowledging them? Though 空が instead of か\nwould make much more sense then. Or is it something else entirely I'm missing?\n\nAlso the characters often speak in literary/slightly archaic Japanese, so that\n認めよう may possibly be the conjectural sense (認めるだろう) instead of the usual\nvolitional sense I guess, still leaves me confused then though.\n\nThanks for any help.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-23T03:44:17.130",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33069",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-23T21:16:31.637",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "13946",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Usage of 認めよう and 空 on this page?",
"view_count": 148
} | [
{
"body": "認めよう sounds like it is spoken from a point of superiority - \"I'll acknowledge\n(you).\" or \"I'll give you credit for it.\"referring back to his first words of\nこれ程とはね\n\nI would interpret the middle character's words simple as \"The sky...the sky,\nhuh\" as the character ponderings on aviation possibilities - what can we do in\nthe sky? This, because the pictures before it seem to indicate aerial\naction/scene(?) where one of the characters was trying to stop the plane (or\nwhatever he is flying) from burning up when they go higher and the pictures\nafter seem to indicate that the plane crashes.\n\nAlthough the character fails, the middle picture indicates the person there\nacknowledges the other character's potential because of this and perhaps\nwonders what else might be possible in the sky.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-23T21:16:31.637",
"id": "33089",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "12206",
"parent_id": "33069",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 33069 | 33089 | 33089 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33071",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I was wondering if anyone knew how to read Kawaii writing and if there is any\nguide to help us read them?\n\nFor example the following is I believe an omake or bonus page and it's not the\nfirst time I encounter these and I find them very hard to read...\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/V0U0m.jpg)\n\nFrom what I understand **with bold character where I'm not sure** where I\ndon't understand, it's possible that everything I read may be wrong because it\nfeels SO difficult to read these.\n\nオマケ**? **な **甘木公半** **(陪めの話** だから **甘** いのがかきたつなったっさ）\n\nI wish there were books or other resources that could help with these bizarre\nways of writing..\n\nThanks in advance to anyone that may shed some light into these for me,\nespecially if you can help me understand how to read these.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-23T04:03:13.397",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33070",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-23T05:55:43.640",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-23T05:55:43.640",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "13834",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"handwriting",
"writing-identification",
"written-language"
],
"title": "Deciphering Kawaii Writing",
"view_count": 621
} | [
{
"body": "Handwriting is always harder to read, but I think in your case you miss\npractice. For me, reading difficult handwriting comes down to recognizing\nwhich strokes are used, and based on their number and approximate order, find\nthe corresponding character. I am often stumped by unknown handwritten\ncharacters.\n\nThe most glaring issues with what you've come up so far:\n\n * 松 and not 木公 : You should be able to tell by the size and lack of spacing that it is one character.\n * 暗 and not 陪 : As the leftmost stroke does not protrude from the key, it is probably 日. You also missed a stroke on the inside.\n\nIn your case I think this is what's written:\n\n> オマケ的な甘松半 (暗めの話だから甘いのがかきたくなったのさ）",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-23T04:15:00.733",
"id": "33071",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-23T04:16:28.100",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-23T04:16:28.100",
"last_editor_user_id": "4091",
"owner_user_id": "3614",
"parent_id": "33070",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
]
| 33070 | 33071 | 33071 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33079",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is perhaps too quick a question but I'm not sure on the meaning and after\nsearching the net I've found nothing to give me confidence in any\ninterpretation. Here is the text that prompted to ask this question:\n\n> そして始まったのが、[如何]{いか}にして最強の忍者を自分が捕えたのかという、[嘘八百]{うそはっぴゃく}のゆきの[活躍話]{かつやくばなし}であった。\n\n活躍 means activity, apparently with a positive connotation of of flourishing or\nsucceeding. While 話 has several meanings, in this case I believe it means\nstory. Mashing the definitions together yields \"activity story\". That's\nnonsense in English of course. My question is what's an 'activity story\"? A\nstory with lots of action (in other words, an action story)? Or is it\nsomething else like \"success story\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-23T05:09:29.817",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33073",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-23T14:26:57.633",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-23T05:58:16.387",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11112",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 活躍話 mean?",
"view_count": 247
} | [
{
"body": "活躍 is a word that almost always implies success or great performance. (eg\n彼は試合で大活躍した。 = He performed very well in the game.)\n\nI don't think 活躍話 is an established idiom, but 活躍話 in this context clearly\nmeans \"tale of triumph\", \"success story\", \"heroic episode\", etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-23T14:26:57.633",
"id": "33079",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-23T14:26:57.633",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
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"score": 5
}
]
| 33073 | 33079 | 33079 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33076",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 暴風は擬神化された龍の如く、廊下と髑髏の面を飲み込もうと、その蛇体を螺旋 **らせる** 。\n>\n> The strong wind, similarly to the quasi-deified dragon, makes its serpentine\n> body twist like a spiral with the intention of swallowing the corridor and\n> the (man) with the skull mask.\n\nI think this could be an acceptable translation, but I consider らせる as a typo\nfor される. \nIs it another form completely?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-23T09:13:08.903",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33075",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-23T09:42:24.217",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "らせる typo for される or different word?",
"view_count": 120
} | [
{
"body": "螺旋 is not a suru-verb and らせんさせる doesn't make sense anyway.\n\nIf it's not a typo, maybe the author wanted it to be read as\n[くねらせる](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/62612/meaning/m0u/). Does the author of\nthis novel like \"creative\" 当て字 readings like this? Anyway, I don't know why\nthis doesn't come with furigana.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-23T09:42:24.217",
"id": "33076",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-23T09:42:24.217",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "33075",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
]
| 33075 | 33076 | 33076 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33086",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "So what's the difference between asking:\n\nだれか？\n\nAnd:\n\nだれが？",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-23T14:25:46.547",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33078",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-23T17:23:14.970",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13923",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-が",
"particle-か"
],
"title": "What the difference between using か and が for a question?",
"view_count": 1412
} | [
{
"body": "In both cases you are missing a verb, so please keep in mind that any answer\nassumes that the verb is being understood from context.\n\nThat being said, my reading of だれか？ would be to fill in with a verb that would\ncause the first part to be interpreted as \"someone?\" such as in \"is someone\nthere?\".\n\nMy reading of だれが？would be closer to \"who?\" such as in \"who did it?\".\n\nYou may also refer to the definition from jisho.org of\n[だれか](http://jisho.org/search/dareka) as someone/somebody.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-23T14:52:49.690",
"id": "33080",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-23T14:52:49.690",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13806",
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},
{
"body": "Your question ultimately boils down to the difference between two particles: か\nand が.\n\n * か is a question marker, and an indefinite marker. After an interrogative pronoun like だれ ( _\"who\"_ ), いつ ( _\"when\"_ ), or なに ( _\"what\"_ ), か forms the indefinite -- だれか ( _\"*somewho\"_ ⇒ _\"someone\"_ ), いつか ( _\"*somewhen\"_ ⇒ _\"sometime\"_ ), なにか ( _\"*somewhat\"_ ⇒ _\"something\"_ ).\n\n * が is mostly a subject marker (and sometimes, in archaic constructions, a kind of possessive linker between nouns). だれが would be _\"who\"_ as the subject of a sentence.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-23T17:23:14.970",
"id": "33086",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-23T17:23:14.970",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "5229",
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"score": 3
}
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| 33078 | 33086 | 33086 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33110",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "By using default meanings, couldn't the title be shortened to:\n\n> 箱を探った。\n\n 1. Isn't `の中` so obvious, it is assumed to be the location you searched? If I were to search **under** the box, then I _would_ write `の下`?\n 2. Isn't `手で` so obvious, it is assumed to be with what you searched? If I were to search with my **foot** , then I _would_ write `足で`?\n 3. In _formal written_ Japanese, shouldn't you try to shorten your sentences as much as possible?\n 4. Is the following correct usage of `暗黙了解':\n\n> この例では、`の中`も`手で`も暗黙了解です。\n\nI am only talking about _formal writing_. Unnecessary words are naturally used\nin every language in conversation.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-23T15:18:31.417",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33081",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-24T19:23:36.987",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12506",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"written-language"
],
"title": "Can「箱の中を手で探った」be shortened to 「箱を探った」?",
"view_count": 115
} | [
{
"body": "I would say either \"箱の中を探った” or \"箱を中を手で探った”.\n\n箱を探った。is grammatically not wrong, but it just sounds not natural to me.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-24T11:28:32.430",
"id": "33099",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-24T11:28:32.430",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "13955",
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},
{
"body": "1. 箱を探った usually means to search a box in a blind spot by touching the surface of it.\n 2. Even without 手で, it's usually interpreted so.\n 3. Not particularly.\n 4. 暗黙の了解 is correct.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-24T19:23:36.987",
"id": "33110",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-24T19:23:36.987",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "33081",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 33081 | 33110 | 33099 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33095",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "「できる」の尊敬語はありますか。「おできになる」は使われていますか。（見たことはありませんが．．．）\n\nまた、「あったら」は「おありでしたら」になると思いますが、「なかったら」はどうなりますか。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-23T16:05:48.700",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33082",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-24T05:48:42.930",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-23T16:27:12.780",
"last_editor_user_id": "3097",
"owner_user_id": "13621",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"usage",
"sonkeigo"
],
"title": "Sonkeigo forms of できる and なかったら",
"view_count": 197
} | [
{
"body": "「できる」なら「可能になる」はいかがでしょうか。「ある」なら「ございます」、「なかったら」なら「ございませんでしたら」のほうが普通なのでは、と思われますが。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-23T17:52:03.680",
"id": "33087",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-24T02:04:20.570",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-24T02:04:20.570",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "5229",
"parent_id": "33082",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "「おできになる」は普通に使います。「勉強ができる人 → 勉強がおできになる方」というふうに。\n\n仰るとおり、「あったら」を尊敬語にすると「おありなら」、さらに丁寧語化して「おありでしたら」になります。\n\n「なかったら」の尊敬語はありません。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-24T05:48:42.930",
"id": "33095",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-24T05:48:42.930",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4092",
"parent_id": "33082",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 33082 | 33095 | 33095 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33092",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From Haruki Murakami's preface to _Yume de Aimashō:_\n\n> ときどき「糸井さんと村上さんとでたしか『夢で会いましょう』という対談集出してられますね」と言われることがあるけれど、それは明らかなマチガイです。\n\nI'm guessing that it parses as _to de tashika_ , right? If so, questions:\n\n 1. What's the function of _de_ here?\n 2. What about _tashika_ ? Is this its meaning as \"I'm pretty sure\", \"I suppose\"?\n 3. Is _dashiteraremasu_ better understood as present (the book is out) or future (the book is coming)? How can I tell?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-23T17:05:45.243",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33083",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-30T17:07:34.613",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "622",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"particles",
"adverbs",
"particle-で",
"tense",
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "とでたしか。。。出してられます: particle and tense question",
"view_count": 200
} | [
{
"body": "1. The で is [definition #5 in デジタル大辞泉](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/148951/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%A7/): \n\n> 「５ 動作・作用の行われる状態を表す。『みんなで研究する』『笑顔であいさつする』」 (indicates how an action is\n> performed. \"study together with everyone\" \"greet with a smile\").\n\nSo 「糸井さんと村上さんとで」 is literally like \"with Itoi-san and Murakami-san together\",\nand 「糸井さんと村上さんとで・・・出してられる」 is saying \"Itoi-san and Murakami-san published\ntogether / collaborated / co-authored (a book)\" (≂「糸井さんと村上さんと(が)一緒に出版しておられる).\n\n 2. I think the たしか here means \"if I remember correctly\" or \"if I am not mistaken.\"\n\n 3. The 出してられます is more like the perfect tense, \"have published\". (The full form is 出しておられます. The お sometimes gets dropped in speech.) 出しておられます is an honorific form of 出しています. 「～ています / ～ている」 can be used for a completed action or an action performed sometime in the past, e.g:\n\n> (もう)始まっています -- have (already) started \n> (もう)終わっています -- have (already) finished \n> (まだ)卒業していません -- have not graduated (yet) \n> 彼は(すでに)殺されている。-- He has (already) been murdered. \n> (以前/前に/かつて)(一度)お会いしています -- have met (before) (once)\n\n* * *\n\n> How can I tell?\n\nIt would be easier if there was a word or phrase like\n「もう」「すでに」「かつて」「以前」「前に」「一度」「二度」「去年」「５年前」 etc., but if not, I think the only way\nto tell would be to deduce from the context...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-24T03:50:21.690",
"id": "33092",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-30T17:07:34.613",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-30T17:07:34.613",
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"owner_user_id": "9831",
"parent_id": "33083",
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"score": 4
}
]
| 33083 | 33092 | 33092 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33088",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "これからどのような色に変わるのか、それとも透き通ったままでいるのか、「未知」を前にした神の興味がつきることはない。 **だから、ではないが。**\n\nI am having trouble understanding what the bolded part means. How should I\ninterpret it? thanks",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-23T17:14:49.280",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33084",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-23T17:54:25.823",
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"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does だから、ではないが mean?",
"view_count": 210
} | [
{
"body": "だから、ではないが \n≒ だから[という訳ではない](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/21747/5010)が \n≒ それが理由だという訳ではないが \n≒ I don't mean to say that's the reason, though\n\nExample:\n\n> * 彼は運転がうまい。そして彼は鈴鹿市出身だ。だから、という訳ではないが。\n> * 彼は鈴鹿市出身だ。だから、ではないが、彼は運転がうまい。\n>\n\nThe speaker doesn't want to say \"He's a good driver _because_ he's from\n[Suzuka City](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzuka_Circuit)\". But the speaker\nis loosely associating the two facts (\"he's from Suzuka\" and \"he's a good\ndriver\"), knowing that's probably a mere coincidence.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-23T17:54:25.823",
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| 33084 | 33088 | 33088 |
{
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"body": "I've seen a question:\n\n> なんで **だろう** ？\n\nI know that なんで means 'why'. So what about だろう?",
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"tags": [
"word-usage",
"modality"
],
"title": "What is the function of だろう?",
"view_count": 144
} | [
{
"body": "だろう is a short form of でしょう (\"one supposes\"). \nHence I read \"なんでだろう\" as \"I wonder why\" or \"Why, do you suppose?\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-24T01:27:46.270",
"id": "33091",
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| 33090 | 33091 | 33091 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33094",
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"body": "I have read that when you use んです, you're implying that the listener already\nknows what you're talking about and you're just kind of emphasizing the\nconclusion. However, I have also seen some examples where んですが is used for a\nsituation that the listener is probably _not_ aware of, most notably:\n\n> XXが苦手 **なんですが**\n\nExample sentence from [this](http://soudan1.biglobe.ne.jp/qa3510185.html)\nquestion:\n\n> 私は歌を歌うのが苦手 **なんですが** 、どうやったらうまくなれますか???\n\nThe asker is posting in a QA forum where no one is aware that they're bad at\nsinging. They then go on to explain their exact circumstances _after_ they had\nused なんですが. As I type this I realize that this is probably a retarded\nquestion, but does んですが allow one to follow up with an explanation without any\nimplied foreknowledge, while plain んです requires said foreknowledge?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"score": 5,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "んですが and differences in nuance with んです",
"view_count": 253
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{
"body": "The explanation you first read is wrong.\n\nYou use のだ forms when what you are saying is background of the preceding\ncontext, beside pseudo-imperative usage.\n\nFor examples, if you just ask if someone gives you something, you say\nくれますか、くれませんか？ or so. On the other hand, when you see someone holding something\nand reaching out his/her hand to you and you want to confirm if it's a gift\nfor you, you say くれるのですか？.\n\nIn your example, it would be also natural even if it was plain …苦手ですが… but the\nspeaker is feeling that the fact that she is bad at singing is reason or\nbackground why she's asking there.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-24T05:32:13.503",
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| 33093 | 33094 | 33094 |
{
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"body": "I know it's a simple question but I want to be sure if the answer so I don't\nget confused. I know to search is 探す but what about \"I found (something)\"?\nBecause 探した doesn't seem correct and seems like it would mean \"I searched\".\n\n> メガネを見つかった？Or メガネを見つかっていた？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-24T10:30:14.887",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "How to say \"I found my glasses\"",
"view_count": 4227
} | [
{
"body": "I would say \"メガネは、みつかりました。\". ..",
"comment_count": 1,
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"body": "The former option is close, but you should use transitive 見つける instead of\n見つかる.\n\n> メガネを見つけた - (I) found my glasses\n\nThe reason you should use 見つける instead of 見つかる is because the former is\ntransitive (takes a direct object, with を) and the latter is intransitive (is\ndone on its own). In other words, 見つける is the process of _someone_ finding\n_something_ , whereas 見つかる is _something being found_.\n\nSo using 見つかる is not wrong, but you'll have to change up the sentence a bit,\nsince using を with it is ungrammatical.\n\n> メガネは見つかった - My glasses are found\n\n見つかる emphasizes that it was found, maybe by accident; 見つける emphasizes that\n_someone_ found it, probably by looking for it.\n\nWhenever you finally find something you've been looking for, you exclaim\n「見つかった！」 (\"Found it!\") rather than 「見つけた！」.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-24T16:07:17.057",
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"body": "I found my glasses(Feminine and adults) － 私のメガネを見つけた。\n\nI found my glasses(Boy) － 僕はメガネを見つけた。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-25T17:46:53.467",
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| 33096 | 33105 | 33105 |
{
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"body": "I found that in a website 〜やんな is a colloquial form of 〜やるな meaning 'Don't\ndo...'\n\nHowever, I have seen the word in a manga with the following sentence.\n\n> A: おい あかりを消して **やんな** 。新入りさんがまぶしくてねむれんといかん。\n>\n> B: じゃあ 消すぜ\n\nWhile B speaking, he also turning off the light. So, is the word can be both\npositive and negative?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-24T10:34:01.140",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 21,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language",
"manga",
"contractions",
"particle-な"
],
"title": "Is the word 「やんな」positive or negative?",
"view_count": 2982
} | [
{
"body": "This してやんな is a euphonic change of してやりな. Verb + してやる means \"do something for\nsomebody\" so 明かりを消してやんな is translated as \"Turn off the light (for the\nfreshman).\"\n\nIn addition, this word also can indicate negative imperative as you noticed.\n\nThey can be distinguished by their accents and contexts.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-24T11:40:29.653",
"id": "33101",
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{
"body": "The particle な indeed has both meanings: \"Don't do ～\" and \"Do ～\". From\nデジタル大辞泉:\n\n> * １ 動詞・動詞型助動詞の終止形、ラ変型活用語の連体形に付く。 **禁止の意**\n> を表す。「油断する―」「まだ帰る―」「かの尼君などの聞かむに、おどろおどろしく言ふ―」〈源・夕顔〉\n> * ２ 《補助動詞「なさる」の命令形「なさい」の省略形》動詞・動詞型助動詞の連用形に付く。 **命令の意**\n> を表す。「早く行き―」「好きなようにやり―」\n>\n\nTo distinguish, な means \"Don't\" when it follows the dictionary-form, and \"Do\"\nwhen it follows the masu-stem.\n\n * するな。 = Don't do it. \nしな。 = しなさい。 = Do it.\n\n * 歩くな。 = Don't walk. \n歩きな。 = 歩きなさい。 = Walk.\n\n * 食べるな。 = Don't eat. \n食べな。 = 食べなさい。 = Eat.\n\n[Using な in positive instead of negative imperative (e.g.\n行きな)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/2707/5010)\n\n* * *\n\nConfusingly, やんな can work as the colloquial form of either やりな or やるな. (やり is\nthe masu-form of [やる](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14413/5010), which\nis the subsidiary verb meaning \"(do something) for someone\" or \"Dare do\nsomething\"). So 消してやんな can both either \"Turn it off (for someone)\" or \"Don't\nturn it off\".\n\nBut these can be distinguished by their accents:\n\n * 消して[やるな]{LHL} ≒ 消して[やんな]{LHL} ≒ Don't turn it off!\n * 消して[やりな]{LHH} ≒ 消して[やんな]{LHH} ≒ Turn it off!\n\nSimilar examples:\n\n * [かえるな]{HLLL} ≒ [かえんな]{HLLL} ≒ Don't go back/home! (ie, Stay!)\n * [かえりな]{LHHH} ≒ [かえんな]{LHHH} ≒ Go back/home!\n * [しゃべるな]{LLHLL} ≒ [しゃべんな]{LLHLL} ≒ Shut up!\n * [しゃべりな]{LLHHH} ≒ [しゃべんな]{LLHHH} ≒ Say something!\n\nThis type of ambiguous colloquial form is found in all ラ行 consonant-stem verbs\n(走る, 座る, 頑張る, ...).\n\n**EDIT:** To make sure, 消してやんな in 「あかりを消してやんな。新入りさんがまぶしくてねむれんといかん。」 is 消してやりな.\nIf it were something like 「あかりを消してやんな。新入りさんはまだ勉強がしたいんだ。」 then it would mean\n消してやるな. It's purely context-dependent, and I can't tell which is generally\nmore common even after googling 座んな, 走んな, 帰んな, 乗んな, etc.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"body": "I think that in this case 消して **やんな** is a version of the Tokyo-ben「 **やりな** 」 \nIt would be meant as, \"*Turn off the lights **_for them_**.\" (light command)",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-08-05T03:19:45.380",
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| 33097 | 33123 | 33123 |
{
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"body": "In Real casual japanese one may hear\n\n> 明日のテストってこわ。。。\n\nI am wondering, how often this level of 'casualness' happens.\n\nCan I add sentence ending particles, even though there is an い omitted (and\nです). For example:\n\n> ゆきは走るのがはやね。\n\nI omitted the whole structure, but still added ね to emphasize, that Yuki runs\nfust, doesn't he?\n\nHowever this is pretty standard, for a plain form, am I right?\n\n> おもしろいね\n\nIf a similar question has been answered somewhere, please link it for me, and\nalso I'm not sure if my question is phrased correctly, I hope it's\nunderstandable.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-24T11:32:26.870",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"colloquial-language",
"i-adjectives"
],
"title": "Casual usage of i-adjectives and ending particles",
"view_count": 384
} | [
{
"body": "There are several patterns for adjectives in casual speech:\n\nOne is that the end of the adjective changes to an \"e\" vowel, like おもしれー, はえー,\nおせー, こえー, いてー.\n\nOne is that the end of the adjective changes to an \"i\" vowel, like\nさみー,あちー,ねみー, かいー.\n\nOne is that the end of the adjective is omitted, like さむっ, あつっ, くさっ.\n\nSome particles like な, よ, か can be added to them (except for in the omitted\nones), like おもしれーな, ねみーよ, さみーか but ね isn't usually added to them.",
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"body": "ゆきは走るのがはやね is impossible.\n\nThose stand alone stems of i-adjective are not so much a casual form as a kind\nof interjection you use when you are surprised and it doesn't allow any\ngrammatical elements to follow. In addition, it's different from collapse of\ndiphthongs.",
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| 33100 | null | 33111 |
{
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"body": "I'd like to understand the nuance differences between the following three ways\nto ask a question. Let's say I am with a friend and thinking of going of the\nbeach. I can ask the following 4 ways.\n\n> 1. 海へ行く？ [Standard way to make a suggestion]\n> 2. 海へ行かない？ [Similar to the above but feels more aggressive]\n> 3. 海へ行こう？ [Not sure if this is natural with a question mark. Removing the\n> question mark turns this mostly into a statement which is somewhat forceful,\n> though it would depend on tone of voice]\n> 4. 海へ行きたい？ [This feels a bit too direct and not sure if it would be\n> actually used in Japanese, or maybe only among close friends]\n>\n\nAbove each I've written my comments about each of these, but they are just my\nintuitive guesses.\n\nIf someone can tell me if I am on the right track and provide any more details\non the differences between these, I'd appreciate it.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-24T13:40:37.377",
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"tags": [
"questions"
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"title": "Comparison of 4 different ways to ask something",
"view_count": 578
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{
"body": "These are just my personal observations, no reference material consulted, but\nhere they are:\n\n> 1. 海へ行く？\n>\n\nI don't know how to comment on this one except that it is indeed one way to\nsuggest a trip to the beach. Hmm... but, used in isolation, it may sound a bit\nblunt or out of the blue-ish compared to (2) because it doesn't have a\ndedicated form for indicating suggestion/invitation.\n\n> 2. 海へ行かない？\n>\n\nThis would be what I'd say is the standard way to make a suggestion or\ninvitation, if there's any. ( _Why don't we ~ ?_ ). I don't think it sounds\nany more aggressive than the first one.\n\n> 3. 海へ行こう？\n>\n\nI find this one the most forward of the four. The speaker wants to go to the\nbeach and is in effect asking the listener to come along, or even take them\nthere.\n\n> 4. 海へ行きたい？\n>\n\nThis feels to me more like a plain old question than a suggestion. (If it is a\nsuggestion then it's an indirect one.) You are asking someone whether they\nwant to go to the beach or not.\n\n* * *\n\nSide note: In casual speech I'd drop へ in all of these sentences. Though when\nwriting I may not (if I were being careful enough), since 海行 in 海行く？could for\na split second look as if it were a word.",
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"body": "I take four different expressions you gave in the following ways:\n\n 1. 海へ行く？ Do we go to the beach / sea?\n 2. 海へ行かない？ Shall we go to the beach / sea? / Why not go to the beach / sea? \n 3. 海へ行こう？ Let’s go to the beach / sea.\n 4. 海へ行きたい？ Do you want to go to the beach / sea?\n\nNo. 2 sounds odds. We don’t say ”海へ行こう” in an interrogative form like this.\nYou don't need a question mark in this sentence.",
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| 33104 | null | 33107 |
{
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"body": "When is it right to use a persons's name instead of a pronoun when addressing\nthat person? I'm confused by the following scenario:\n\nThe kids are discussing what presents they got last year. Maruko asks what\nYamane got, and he describes some tubes of aloe (アロエ) stuff. Sakura Maruko\ntries to clarify what he means and then:\n\n> それがどんな物なのか、まる子にはまるでピンとこない。 \n> Maruko didn't understand what kind of thing it was at all. \n> 「うん、ほら、前に **さくら** と一緒に浜崎君のおじいさんからアロエをわけてもらっただろ？」 \n> \"Yes, Look! Before, together with **Sakura** , I/we shared aloe from\n> Hamazaki's grandad. Right?\"\n\nI thought that Yamane was talking to Maruko, but when I translate this into\nEnglish that さくらと一緒に part makes it sound like he is talking to someone else.\n\nHave I misunderstood who he is talking to or is this natural in Japanese, or\nis he perhaps referring to another member of the Sakura family (none have been\nmentioned so far in the story)?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-24T18:25:29.163",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"names",
"pronouns"
],
"title": "Using a person's name in place of a pronoun",
"view_count": 2475
} | [
{
"body": "First of all, general second person pronouns like あなた and 君 are less\nfrequently seen in Japanese sentences, and actual person names can be used\neven when you're in front of that person. I think you already know this.\n\n> ○○さんの出身はどこですか。 Where are you from, ○○-san? \n> ○○さんも一緒に来ますか？ Will you come together, too, ○○-san?\n\nAddressing the person in front of you using their _family_ name is very common\namong Japanese students. Perhaps in anime or manga, you may feel Japanese\nteenagers are usually calling one another using their _first_ names, but in\nreality that's not as common as in English.\n\nWhen I was a middle and high school student, I used nicknames for a few close\nfriends of mine, and stuck to `family name + さん/くん` for all other classmates\n(maybe I was a bit too timid, though).\n\nAddressing others without さん/くん is called\n[呼び捨て](http://jisho.org/search/%E5%91%BC%E3%81%B3%E6%8D%A8%E3%81%A6), which is\nconsidered rougher and less polite, but boys commonly do it in casual\nconversations among students.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-25T06:27:58.810",
"id": "33122",
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}
]
| 33109 | 33122 | 33122 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33113",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The series of reports \"Annual Statistics of the City of Tokyo\" (東京市統計年表) gives\ninsight into the demographics of Tokyo from 1905 until the 1940s. In\nparticular, for each ward of Tokyo (they weren't special wards then), you can\nlook up its population at a given time. Fortunately, a large part of the\nseries is made available online free of charge.\n\nIn 1908, there were just 15 wards. Surprisingly, the table (on the lower right\n[here](http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/1461323/62)) for that year\nincludes a 16th row with the label 水面 which I couldn't make sense of at all (I\nfirst thought maybe it was the name of a ward that only existed for a short\ntime).\n\nOriginally, the series was published in English, this only changed after issue\n25 from 1929, when the series switched entirely to Japanese. Since those\nEnglish issues cover the year 1908 already, naturally, it's possible to see\nhow 水面 was translated.\n\nIndeed, in the [issue from\n1929](http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/1448372/157), e.g., the\npopulation is split into \"Lands\" and \"Waters\". This distinction may seem a\nlittle unnecessary since the \"Waters\" population is always stated as \"-\" in\nthat table, but as you can see on the next page, in later years they did\nindeed collect corresponding data for all districts.\n\nSo, my actual question is: What is the meaning of 水面 here? What is \"waters\npopulation\"? Please note that on the [next\npage](http://kindai.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/1448372/158) that I mentioned\nearlier, which gives data from 1920, you can see that many wards of Tokyo had\nsuch \"waters\" population, not just those that were by the Ocean, including\ne.g. 牛込区 (Ushigome-ku).",
"comment_count": 1,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 水面 in reference to population",
"view_count": 154
} | [
{
"body": "The linked English version has an answer:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/X8Ish.png)\n\n> 本表中ニ水面トアルハ船舶等ニ依ル水上現住者ナリ 合計ハ水面ノ數ヲ含ム \n> Population on \"Waters\" given above are those living in the ships or vessels\n> in the port or such like places.\n\nApparently this category was used only in the statistics of the year 1908 (see\n[this\nPDF](http://www.soumu.metro.tokyo.jp/01soumu/archives/0714ku_jinkou.pdf)).",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-24T22:25:45.490",
"id": "33113",
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| 33112 | 33113 | 33113 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33117",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am reading a book about the life of 国友一貫斎. For reference, the title is\n「夢をまことに」. There is the following courtroom scene, in which reference is made\nto 権現様, a Shinto-Buddhist term for a god. The full sentences are perhaps not\nneeded, but I included it in the second example for context. The story takes\nplace in the early 1800's.\n\nHow should these sentences, specifically the part with the word in question be\ntranslated? Is it really \"we cannot find that the gods have forbidden...\" or\nis it referring to something else, like the court?\n\n> 権現様のころは、。。。\n>\n> じつは役人達に古い記録を調べさせたが、 **権現様** が諸大名の大小鉄炮張り立てを禁止したという法度が出てこなんだ。\n\nI am also curious about the end of the second sentence. Is believe it is a\nshortening of こんなんだ, as in 来ないのだ。",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-25T00:10:54.827",
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"owner_user_id": "7238",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"history"
],
"title": "Translation of 権現様: literally or not?",
"view_count": 178
} | [
{
"body": "Based on the 新明解{しんめいかい}国語{こくご}辞典{じてん}, the term 権現{ごんげん} refers to a\nbodhisattva, an avatar of the Buddha, or a Japanese god as a manifestation of\na buddha in Shintoism. 徳川{とくがわ}家康{いえやす}, the founder of the Tokugawa\nShogunate, was worshipped and called 権現様{ごんげんさま} or 東照{とうしょう}権現{ごんげん} by\npeople.\n\nSo the line you quoted is translated as follows;\n\n> In the time of Gongen-sama (the Lord, Iyeyasu)… \n> In fact, I had the bureaucrats check the old records, but no regulations to\n> prohibit the storage of cannons and guns were found.\n\n\"出てこなんだ\" is an old way of saying “出てこなかった,” meaning “It didn’t come out.”",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-25T01:20:50.033",
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"score": 3
}
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| 33116 | 33117 | 33117 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33120",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "what means にしてみたら with 俺 in this phrase?\n\n> 俺にしてみたら精一杯{せいいっぱい}やってんだよ",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-25T02:10:07.280",
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"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "meaning of にしてみたら",
"view_count": 751
} | [
{
"body": "“XXにしてみたら” means \"from someone’s standpoint / for one’s own part.\" So\n”俺にしてみたら精一杯やってんだよ” means “On my part, I’ve been making my best.\n\n“….にしてみたら” can be used in the following ways for examples:\n\n俺にしてみたら、君と仕事を代わって貰いたいよ - For me, I’d like to change my job with you.\n\n見習いの身にしてみたら、親方の小言は辛いよ - As a trainee, my boss’s harsh words are really bitter\nto me.\n\n親にしてみたら、息子がぐれてるのは辛いよー From his parent’s standpoint, it’s painful to see their\nson has gone bad.\n\n彼女にしてみたら、もっと旦那にやさしくして貰いたかったんだ - For her own part, she must have wished her\nhusband to be more loving.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-25T04:32:25.887",
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| 33118 | 33120 | 33120 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33189",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm wondering how Japanese tenses work for hypothetical situations that may\nhappen or could have happened.\n\nMore specifically, are the verb tenses in the below sentences correct?\n\n> We probably would not have come this far without his support.\n>\n> 彼の支援がなかったら、ここまで進んで **なかった** でしょう。\n>\n> If you don't hurry, you will be late for school.\n>\n> 急がないと遅刻 **する** よ\n\nI have seen [this\npost](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/25951/correct-verb-tenses-\nfor-if-would-type-sentences) as well, but I'm wondering about present and\nfuture situations as well.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-25T04:36:01.723",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33121",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "9838",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"tense",
"aspect"
],
"title": "Verb tenses in hypothetical situations",
"view_count": 637
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, you are very correct. **~ないと** is a very common usage for hypothetical\nfuture tense.\n\nI would like to just point out that in your first past tense that the \"if\" is\nactually implied by **なかったら** in the prior phrase, not **なかった** in the second,\nlike so:\n\n> 彼の支援が **なかったら** 、ここまで進んでなかったでしょう。\n\nand my translation\n\n> **If it were not** for his support, we probably would not have come this\n> far.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-28T18:18:27.257",
"id": "33189",
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| 33121 | 33189 | 33189 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> バスに乗っている間に眠くなっている\n\nTake for example the sentence above. My question is about when なっている appears\nwith adjectives/verbs such as 暑い、眠い、寒い、酷い (i.e. adjectives/verbs unlike 死ぬ)\nand that also have a time duration included e.g. バスに乗っている間に. When does なっている\nindicate a resultant state and not progression?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-25T09:05:16.277",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33124",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-25T11:39:25.763",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "13928",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "なっている when does it mean resultant state, and when does it refer to progression?",
"view_count": 257
} | [
{
"body": "Overall, I don't think there is any way to hard and fast way to tell from\ngrammar. You have to judge from context and common usages.\n\nIn the example you gave, it seems a bit vague what (although the usage of 間 to\nme indicates a change, not a resultant state), so I did a google search and\nfound this paragraph ([here](http://www.o-daira.jp/childhood.html)):\n\n```\n\n 保育所が終わって帰ってくると、いつも亡くなった祖父がバス停まで迎えに来てくれていました。\n バスに乗っている間に眠くなっていることが多くて、帰りは祖父に背負ってもらい帰ることもありました\n \n```\n\nHaving more context makes this much clearer for me, and now I can tell what is\ngoing on. I feel this case expresses that the speaker \"got sleepy\" while on\nthe bus, and then was in a sleepy \"state\" when getting off the bus, so I would\nsay it is sort of a mix of the two. I would translate the second sentence\nabove as follows:\n\n```\n\n There were many times when I got sleepy while riding the bus, and there were even times when my grandfather would carry me home.\n \n```\n\nHere is simpler example where context can help distinguish between the two\nmeanings:\n\n```\n\n 最近、だんだん暑くなってきてるね。 [pretty clearly 'progressive' meaning, i.e. active change in temperature]\n 暑くなってる。 [could be either progressive, or state]\n 暑い [if you want to talk about simple state, this is the most common way]\n \n```",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-25T11:39:25.763",
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| 33124 | null | 33126 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Hypothetical situation, let's say we have a great familly meeting, where\neveryone have the same surname but some members of the familly see each other\nfor the first time. Of course, introductions are made, so everyone knows each\nother names. Here goes my question: How would one person address the other\nwhen they barely know each other? I mean, they can use the surname, but that\nwould be confusing, since everyone has the same. Will they make an exception\nand use their names instead, even though they see other members of the familly\nfor the first time?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-25T10:27:24.330",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "13967",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"politeness",
"culture",
"names"
],
"title": "Addressing other members of the same great family when everyone shares the same surname",
"view_count": 1146
} | [
{
"body": "Of course they use their individual names (+ san).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-25T21:12:20.517",
"id": "33135",
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"body": "I'd agree with the firstname-san in direct-greeting and 3rd-party mentions ,\nalthough once conversation is going i'd reckon any usual kochira-sochira\npatterns and (not-even-necessarily) relational titles (ojisan/obasan,\nuncle/auntie etc, possibly dropping the o and even perhaps the san later if\nthe folk are friendly and the meeting/circumstances casual) for older folk are\ngoing to seep in.. But definitely firstname-san(/-sama for a higher formality;\nclan heads/relations//functions etc?) would work generally, i believe.\n\n((I've seen colleagues with the same surname move easily enough into\nfirstname-san patterns, and while these folk in the question might not really\nknow each other they .are. still family at the end of the day..? ..is what i'm\nthinking. n_n\"; ))",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-07-09T04:02:40.897",
"id": "36528",
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{
"body": "How do you address your own father? Do you use his last name or first name? \nMost people use neither. Most people will say \"Dad\". \nThat is the same with all other family members. \nMost people will address one another using \"uncle\", \"aunt\", \"cousin\", etc. \nUsually the first name is used only to address children.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-10-08T03:34:07.360",
"id": "39784",
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| 33125 | null | 33135 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「早く起きるべし」\n>\n> 「んー？……まだ、６時じゃないか。外も暗いし」\n>\n> 「それでも、冬の朝だし」\n>\n> 「――って、ちょおおおお、なにしてんの！？寒い寒い！」\n>\n> 「空気の入れ換え。よどんだアレ臭い部屋も、冬の朝の空気が清めてくれる的なアレ」\n>\n> 「変に濁すな。とゆーか、臭くない……はず」\n>\n> 「くんくん………… **冬に助けられたし** 」\n>\n> 「匂いを嗅いだうえに失礼な」\n>\n> まだこの部屋ではソロプレイをしてないので大丈夫なはずだが……。\n\nWho exactly is she referring to when she says 冬に助けられたし?\n\nIt's either him or her.\n\nIt could be her in the sense that she doesn't have to, well, smell his smell.\n\nIt could be him since she doesn't know whether his room smells because she\nopened the door.\n\nI think it's the second one based on context(previous sentence), but I'm not\nsure. Can anyone clarify which one they believe it is?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-25T12:47:44.410",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33127",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-25T13:25:48.020",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "13928",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "冬に助けられたし （Who was?)",
"view_count": 150
} | [
{
"body": "I think 冬に助けられたし in this sentence means \"This(His) room didn't smell because\nthe winter morning air cleaned up the air of his room\", that is to say, \"he\nwas helped by winter\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-25T13:19:31.960",
"id": "33128",
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| 33127 | null | 33128 |
{
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"body": "I am a little confused when speaking Japanese when I should use が and when I\nshould use は. For example, 学校はたのしかったです。or 学校がたのしかったです。What is the rule of when\nto use が and when to use は in a context?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-25T17:27:28.307",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33129",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-25T17:44:37.380",
"last_editor_user_id": "7944",
"owner_user_id": "13900",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "When to use が and when to use は",
"view_count": 55
} | []
| 33129 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33133",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was struggling to translate the following poster in a rigorous manner, more\nspecifically to Korean, which is a LOT easier than translating Japanese to\nEnglish.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/km1cE.png)\n\nIt says \"2016年レギュラーシーズン公式戦の西武プリンスドーム開催試合においていずれも当日、残席がある場合のみ\"\n\nNow I have divided the phrase \"-開催試合においていずれも当日\" into\n\n\"-開催試合において\" / \"いずれも当日\"\n\n\"Regarding Prince Dome Games\" / \"???? the day\"\n\nAnd from the context I've concluded that the phrase really means\n\n\"All Prince Dome games regardless of the day\" and subsequently,\n\n\"The game is free only if it is a regular season game @ Prince Dome, and if\nthere are free seats left.\"\n\nWhich sounds pretty reasonable, but I still can't really pinpoint the\ndefinition of the word \"いずれも,\" and Googling didn't help at all.\n\nI was thinking \"all,\" but why the phrase when we have 全部 or すべて?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-25T19:35:37.373",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33132",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-25T20:29:29.367",
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"owner_user_id": "7904",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"usage"
],
"title": "definition and usage of ~いずれも",
"view_count": 917
} | [
{
"body": "全部 or すべて sound more like _all of them (in a batch, or all together)_ ,\nwhereas いずれも sounds more like _each of them, any of them (individually,\nseparately)_. In the context of your example, いずれも applies to the games -- not\nthe days -- which have free seating only if 当日、残席がある -- i.e., seating in any\ngiven game is free if there are seats left on the day of that game.\n\nNote too that the \"free\" here is 自由, meaning that seats are not assigned. This\nis **not** \"free\" as in 無料, meaning that there is no charge.\n\n**PS:** いずれも and どれも are synonyms. Modern どれ is a phonetic evolution of older\nいずれ.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-25T19:54:53.087",
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},
{
"body": "It means \"either [1]平日開催ABC or [2]土日祝開催C外野\" here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-25T20:50:36.153",
"id": "33134",
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| 33132 | 33133 | 33133 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "If I want to say someone asked (something) can I use 言います, or must I use the\nproper verb?\n\n> 子供はお母さんに「左か右、どっちのほうがいいですか？」と尋ねた。\n\nDoes the following make sense for reported speech? I'm not sure about the use\nof と as an article, if the verb is correct, or if the use of どっち is right in\nthis context.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-26T03:27:28.227",
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"owner_user_id": "11098",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"verbs"
],
"title": "\"Children ask their mothers which hand to hold their chopsticks in\"",
"view_count": 99
} | []
| 33139 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33144",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I don't really get the meaning of それまでなんだから in below sentence:\n\n> たとえ試験が全部できても名前書き忘れたら「それまでなんだから」、くれぐれも忘れないように。\n\nDoes it mean that there is no point in doing well in an exam if you forget to\nwrite your name down?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"translation"
],
"title": "Translation of なんだから",
"view_count": 1047
} | [
{
"body": "「それまで」 is a call when a game or an exam end. So, it means \"because it'd be\nover then\" in the sense that you virtually immediately fail the exam.",
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"creation_date": "2016-03-26T11:44:56.193",
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| 33140 | 33144 | 33144 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33143",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Are そういう and そんな completely interchangeable? Is there any difference in nuance\nor meaning, or contexts where one is more appropriate than the other?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-26T10:44:36.880",
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"score": 9,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Difference between そういう and そんな",
"view_count": 5361
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{
"body": "Most of the time they are interchangeable because their meanings are almost\nidentical. The only notable difference is that in cases where the speaker is\nexpressing negative feelings and wants to emphasize them, 「そんな」 is more\nappropriate, because it is more emphatic than 「そういう」. For example:\n\n「そんなダメな人は気にしないで！」\n\n「そんなことはない！」\n\nIn those sentences, if you replaced そんな with そういう, they would be less\nemphatic. Of course, sometimes this might not be true because you can make\nthem sound aggressive purely through intonation, however, it wouldn't \"ring\"\nthe same.",
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"creation_date": "2016-03-26T11:10:23.247",
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"body": "I don't think the accepted answer is accurate, so I am writing a separate\nanswer to address some differences I see between the two phrases.\n\nThere is an excellent answer that discusses [「そういう + Person\n」](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/23477/30454). Per that answer, there\nare contexts where you can use either そういう or そんな. And this usage occurs in\nboth positive and negative situations. For details see #2 and 3 in that\nanswer.\n\nBut I think the statement that the accepted answer makes — \"Most of the time\nthey are interchangeable\" — is inaccurate and too sweeping. Here are some\nsituations and usages where you see the two phrases diverge if not completely\ndiffer.\n\n### #1\n\nWhen in a conversation one party, let's say A, says something and the other\nparty wants to characterize A using the things A said or the way A said those\nthings, you can only use そういう, and in this case, そういう means something to the\neffect of \"you, who is saying this and that.\" This usage is discussed in the\naforementioned answer (usage #1), but the example given seems a bit extreme,\nso I am going to give some more moderate examples:\n\n> A: だから、言ったじゃん！ちゃんと勉強しとけって。\n>\n> B: うるせえな！そういうお前はどうだったんだよ！(Huh? You are telling me that? What about you? How\n> did you do in the exam?)\n\nI added 「うるせえな！」 to make B sound a little miffed, but one doesn't need to be\nangry to use 「そういうお前/あなた」. It could just be a joyful retort, poking fun at the\nother party and the irony of the situation. \"Hey! _You_ are telling me that?\nWhat about yourself?\" In some contexts, it could even be as simple as a \"What\nabout you?\"\n\n> A: いい年して彼女もいないの？！(You are not young. You still don't have a girlfriend?!)\n>\n> B: そういうお前はどうなんだ？(Huh? What about you? implication: you yourself don't have a\n> partner/lover either, so it is ironic for you to say something like that to\n> me)\n\nYou can't use そんな in these contexts, because いう in this そういう is more literal\nthan general, and comes from 言う.\n\n### #2\n\nAnother situation where the two phrases are different is with the common\nphrases [そういうことで/そういうことだから/そういうわけで/そういうわけだから (see this\nanswer)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/23991/30454). If you substitute\nそんな for そういう in these phrases, the meaning changes and the phrase no longer\nserves the same purpose of wrapping up. そんなこと has more of a negative undertone\nthan そういうこと. 「そんなことで怒る？」\n\n### #3\n\nHere is another one:\n[そんいうことだ](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/78528/30454)\n\n### #4\n\n「そんな！」 as an exclamation cannot be replaced with 「そういう」\n\n[そんな used in disbelief](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/38430/30454)\n\n### #5\n\nUtterances that call for 「そんなに」 and 「そんな」 with に dropped also don't work with\nそういう.\n\n> あの店のラーメン、そんなうまいの？\n\nHere, you can't use そういう, at least not without changing the meaning of the\nsentence.",
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| 33141 | 33143 | 33143 |
{
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"body": "I'm reading the following dialogue, pretty straightforward:\n\n> A：ずいぶんあわてて、どうしたんだ。 \n> B：昨日出さなければいけない報告書を忘れていたんだ。 \n> A：それは大変だ。まあ頑張れよ。 \n> B：なんだ、手伝ってくれるのとちがうのか。 \n> A：それは、君の仕事だろう。\n\nI have problems understanding the full meaning of 手伝ってくれるのとちがうのか。 I understand\n手伝ってくれる and ちがう as separate, independent things. But I don't get the full\nsentence, though I suspect the overall meaning might be something along the\nlines of 手伝ってくれない？",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-26T10:49:30.440",
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"owner_user_id": "5423",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 「手伝ってくれるのとちがうのか」",
"view_count": 141
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{
"body": "の as in 手伝ってくれるの is so called a nominalizer, which turns a clause into\ntechnically a noun. And, (noun) と ちがう means \"be different from (noun)\".\n\nNow, when you embed the 手伝ってくれるの, which is technically a noun, into \"(noun)と\nちがう\", you get something like \"it's different from a situation that you help\nme\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-26T11:57:17.103",
"id": "33145",
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| 33142 | 33145 | 33145 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33165",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If you eat too saltly, it is unhealthy to you\n\n * using\"塩辛い(しおからい)\"\n\n？： あなたがあまりにも塩辛い食べるなら、それはあなたに不健康です\n\n？： もしあなたが食べるのが塩辛いなら、体によくないです。",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-26T12:52:31.513",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How to say \"if you eat too saltly, it is unhealthy to you\" in Japanese using\"塩辛い(しおからい)\"",
"view_count": 504
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{
"body": "There are several different ways to say that. Off the top of my head:\n\n> * [塩分]{えんぶん}の[摂]{と}りすぎは、[体]{からだ}に[悪]{わる}いです。/ 体に[良]{よ}くありません。\n> * [塩辛]{しおから}いものを[食]{た}べすぎると、体に悪いです。/ 体に良くありません。\n> * しょっぱい*ものを食べすぎると、体に悪いです。/ 体に良くありません。\n> * 塩辛いものの食べすぎは、体に悪いです。/ 体に良くありません。 \n> etc...\n>\n\n*しょっぱい is a colloquial version of 塩辛い.",
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| 33146 | 33165 | 33165 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33154",
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"body": "Some questions...\n\nDoes ”どっちがいい？” literally mean \"which one is better?\", or does it literally\nmean \"which one is good?\" but sometimes you're supposed to guess the actual\nmeaning from the context?\n\nCan ”どっちがいい？” even imply that there is a good option and a bad option, or is\nit always about choosing between two nice options? (e.g. two tasty cakes or\ntwo advanced smartphones)\n\nIs ”どっちがいい？” perhaps a shortening of a longer phrase where the meaning is more\nobvious?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-26T13:00:42.857",
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"owner_user_id": "12271",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"phrases",
"comparative-constructions"
],
"title": "Understanding ”どっちがいい？”",
"view_count": 1160
} | [
{
"body": "First, as chocolate said in her comment, a question like this using いい is\nusually about someone's personal and casual preference: \"Which do you\n_like/prefer_?\". In some contexts, this can be a more objective question (eg,\nchoosing from two business strategies).\n\nSecond, the Japanese language doesn't have the simple comparative form (such\nas _better_ , _faster_ in English), and it has a number of ways to make a\ncomparison without using the comparative form.\n\nQuestions like どっちが大きい？, どっちが安い？ or どっちがいい？ are very common to make simple\ncomparisons: \"Which is bigger/cheaper/better?\" The person who makes such a\nquestion is usually thinking the two seem to be equally big/cheap/good. It\ndoesn't imply one is big but the other is absolutely small, one is cheap but\nthe other is very expensive, etc.\n\nBut, for example, in a rare situation where the questioner knows one is the\ncheap one and the other is the absolutely expensive one, we say exactly the\nsame: どっちが安い?\n\n> * ロサンゼルスに飛行機で行くのに、A社とB社、どっちが安い？ \n> (common; which is cheaper?)\n> * この2つの指輪は、どちらかは1,000円で、どちらかは1,000,000円です！ どっちが安い？ \n> (uncommon quiz; which one is the cheap one?)\n>",
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"creation_date": "2016-03-27T00:45:07.730",
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| 33147 | 33154 | 33154 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33156",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "This is embarrassingly basic. I've been using の happily for the last year and\nthen I read this sentence and made the mistake of stopping to think about it:\n\n> ポケットからきれい **な包みのアメ玉** を取り出した。 He took a pretty ?? out of his pocket.\n\nNow, I'm assuming that 包みのアメ玉 is \"packet of sweets\".\n\nWhen I see things like AのB. I think to myself \"Ah! it's a B that has property\nA\" e.g. 私のアメ玉 -> \"A sweet that is mine\", 青のアメ玉 -> \"A sweet that is blue\" etc.\nSo these are sweets that are \" **in** a packet\".\n\nThen I thought about what happens if I swap A and B: アメ玉の包み and I ask myself\n\"what kind of packet is it?\". \"Ah! it must be one **containing** sweets\". Or\nis it \"A packet **for** sweets\" i.e just the packet, no sweets. How do I know\nwhich is correct?\n\nSo I guess the questions are:\n\n 1. What does 包みのアメ玉 mean? I think \"packet containing sweets\".\n 2. What does アメ玉の包み mean? I think \"sweet wrapper, or the packet that sweets would go in but without the sweets\".\n 3. If I want to say \"a bundle of leaflets\" it's チラシの束 but if I want to say \"a packet of sweets\" it's 包みのアメ玉. Why does the order of the object, and the way the object is arranged, differ between these two examples?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-26T14:30:08.257",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-の",
"possession"
],
"title": "Confusing use of possessive の",
"view_count": 381
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{
"body": "1. 包みのアメ玉 means wrapped sweets. 包み is parcel or wrapped. アメ玉 is literally translated to sweet ball. \n 2. アメ玉の包み means the wrapper that contained the sweets. So it could be taken as just a sweet wrapper without the sweet inside.\n 3. This one is slightly confusing. It all depends on what the context is and what you are talking about. It also depends on the order of the words. If it is 包みのアメ玉, 包み is pointing at アメ玉 as it comes before の. If it is アメ玉の包み, アメ玉 is pointing at 包み as it comes before の. アメ玉の包み means the **sweet's** wrapper. \n\nI hope this helps!",
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"creation_date": "2016-03-26T17:33:17.500",
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"body": "Some of your confusion may simply be due to misgrouping constituents here:\n\n> [きれいな包みの]アメ玉\n>\n> 'candy with a pretty package'\n\nIt is ambiguous, though, with this alternative reading:\n\n> きれいな[包みのアメ玉]\n>\n> 'pretty packaged candy' (i.e. pretty candy that's the packaged kind of\n> candy)\n\nThe first seems much more likely given no additional context, at least to my\nears.\n\nTo directly answer your questions:\n\n 1. 包みのアメ玉 would not be a package of sweets, but the kind of sweets that come in a package. Again, though, the reading can change for きれいな包みのアメ玉.\n\n 2. アメ玉の包み is indeed a package of sweets.\n\n 3. The difference here is whether you're talking about the group of things or the things that come in a group. チラシの束 is indeed 'bundle of leaflets', but アメ玉の包み can just as well be 'package of sweets' - 包みのアメ玉 is instead 'packaged sweets', just as 束のチラシ is 'bundled leaflets'.",
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"creation_date": "2016-03-27T01:05:46.347",
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"body": "I would say 包みのあめ玉 and あめ玉の包み refer to almost the same thing in most cases.\nLiterally, the former is closer to \"packed **sweets** \" and the latter is\ncloser to \" **pack** of sweets\". (Bold text denotes the main (modified) noun).\nThey are different, but interchangeable in many sentences.\n\n\"Pack of sweets\" usually means a pack full of sweets, not an empty package\nitself, right? The same can be said for あめ玉の包み, too. To specifically refer to\nthe package part without any contents, we say 包み紙【がみ】, 袋の部分, etc.\n\nYou can say 束のチラシ as well as チラシの束 (literally, \"bundled **leaflets** \" vs \"\n**bundle** of leaflets\").\n\nThat said, I don't think 包み and 束 are common no- or na-adjectives. 包みのあめ玉 and\n束のチラシ are far less common than あめ玉の包み and チラシの束.",
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"creation_date": "2016-03-27T02:21:47.790",
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| 33148 | 33156 | 33155 |
{
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"body": "All the questions I've seen are either using verb-には in place of verb-ために or\nverb-に followed by a motion verb. This seems to be neither.\n\nMaruko's friend has just pulled a sweet out of his pocket. The narrator says:\n\n> ピカピカ光るお洒落な包み紙から想像 **するに** 、缶に入っている物にちがいない。 \n> From the shiny, stylish wrapping paper ??? it was certainly a thing in a\n> can.\n\nIt might help to know that, earlier in the story, Maruko was obssessing over\ncanned goods from hotels. In any case I can't figure out the meaning of this\nsentence. How do I understand 想像するに in this sentence?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-26T20:32:24.197",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "するに not followed by motion verb",
"view_count": 108
} | []
| 33150 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33158",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "(the blank represents some noun/object)\n\nIs `この＿＿はだれのですか？` grammatically correct and have the same meaning as the\ntitle?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-27T05:28:57.563",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33157",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Another way to say \"これはだれの___ですか？\"",
"view_count": 1266
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, it's grammatically correct and they have almost the same meaning. For\nexample, you can say both:\n\n> これは[誰]{だれ}の[傘]{かさ}ですか？(Lit. Whose umbrella is this?) \n> この[傘]{かさ}は[誰]{だれ}のですか？(Lit. Whose is this umbrella?)\n\nIn casual speech we often say:\n\n> これ、誰の傘？ \n> この傘、誰の？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-27T07:18:35.000",
"id": "33158",
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}
]
| 33157 | 33158 | 33158 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33173",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there a difference between [友情]{ゆうじょう} and [友好]{ゆうこう}?\n\nThey both mean friendship in the dictionary. My guess is that 友好 is used to\ndescribe more a friendship between countries or organizations. In other words,\n友好, or more like allies or a business agreement.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-27T19:19:18.117",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33160",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-27T19:31:10.740",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Difference between 友情【ゆうじょう】 and 友好【ゆうこう】",
"view_count": 764
} | [
{
"body": "友情 is mainly used for friendship between persons like 彼との友情は、永遠だ(My friendship\nwith him is eternal).\n\n友好 means \"goodwill, amity, friendship\". For example, 彼の態度は友好的だ(He has a\nfriendly attitude), 日本は、アメリカとは友好的な関係だ(Japan has a friendly relationship with\nthe U.S.).\n\nI think 友情 is a deeper and more personal friendship than 友好.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-28T02:09:08.290",
"id": "33173",
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"score": 7
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| 33160 | 33173 | 33173 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "So came across this line on this page\n([link](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mofD6.jpg), previous and following pages\nincluded also) and it has that very odd 無手勝流の剣にしては！やる！bubble on it that's left\nme stumped, (the context is a friendly sporting match with personal robots and\nthe one who says the line then cuts off the other's robot's arms on the\nfollowing page as shown, for what it's worth).\n\nAs far as I can tell from my dictionaries 無手勝流 just refers to a victory\nwithout fighting, or a personal/unique way of doing something, 剣 I assume is\njust referring to their opponent's sword though apparently can also refer to\nswordsmanship itself, にしては I assume is that Xにしては (for/considering X) meaning\nthe construct has, and やる any of やる's many meanings. All together though I\njust can't come up with anything in my head that seems to make sense for that\none bubble.\n\nAlso regarding the other circled KMFが剣術を使いやがった bubble (a KMF being the\nmachines they pilot), I assume that'd be something like \"Such swordsmanship\nwith a KMF!\" which they think as they get outplayed, but I'm not 100% certain.\nWould it be something like that?\n\nThanks for any help.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-27T20:24:11.827",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33161",
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"owner_user_id": "13946",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "Meaning of this 無手勝流の剣にしては！やる！line?",
"view_count": 491
} | [
{
"body": "やる by itself can mean \"do things _well_ \", and やる! in such a context means\n\"(You're) doing well\", \"Well done\" or such. Its variations include やるな, やるね,\nやりますね, and so on. Have you seen やった! (= \"I did it!\"), which I think is in the\nsame vein?\n\nI think you understand the 無手勝流の剣にしては part correctly. So the sentence roughly\nmeans \"For/despite his own way of swordsmanship, he's doing well\".\n\nKMFが剣術を使いやがった simply means \"(The opponent's) KMF used 剣術!\", where this 剣術\nrefers to a specific \"(special) move/attack\" using a sword. Or it may mean\n\"KMF used a sword for fighting!\" if he was not expecting the opponent would\nuse his sword. やがる is discussed in another question: [How to use the\ninflection \"やがる\"?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/4236/5010)",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-28T02:57:44.580",
"id": "33175",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.260",
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},
{
"body": "・In this context 無手勝流 conveys the idea of not belonging to any established\nschool of kenjutsu, or of being a school of its own, that is, being a self-\ntaught swordsman.\n\n・剣 here refers not to the weapon itself but to the swordsmanship, or by\nfurther extension the swordsman himself.\n\n・The やる means _(be) good (at something), skilled, competent, etc_. And you are\nright about the にしては.\n\nPutting it all together we get something like:\n\n> For a self-taught swordsman, he's/you're good!\n\nAbout _he's/you're_ , I couldn't well decide whether the speaker is thinking\nto himself out loud (in which case _he's_ would be appropriate) or directly\nspeaking to the opponent (in which case _you're_ would be the right choice).\n\nThe curious use of _!_ in mid-sentence in the original is unusual (it's like\n\"For a self-taught swordsman! he's/you're good!\") but understandable.\n\nAlso, I'm ignoring the fact that it's not a person but a mecha. Well, a person\nin a mecha.\n\n\"KMFが剣術を使いやがった\" appears to suggest that the fact that the KMF is using\nkenjutsu at all is the cause for the speaker's surprise (\"A KMF wielding a\nsword?! What the heck?!\"), rather than how good it was at it (of course that\nwas probably part of the surprise, but still).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-28T03:41:04.617",
"id": "33177",
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}
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| 33161 | null | 33175 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33183",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am going through 'All About Particles', and came across the following two\nsentences:\n\n> なぜ彼がそんなことをやったか、わかりません。\n>\n> どうして彼女がそんなつまらない本を読んでいるのか、不思議です。\n\nWhat is the difference between using か in the first one and のか in the second?\nI have searched online, and のか seems to carry a sense of 'questioning the\nformer'. Does that mean I could also use のか in the first sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-27T21:16:28.277",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33162",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "11479",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 9,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-の",
"particle-か"
],
"title": "Difference between か and のか",
"view_count": 1257
} | [
{
"body": "First of all, the meaning is the same. 'questioning the former.'\n\n> なぜ彼がそんなことをやったか、わかりません。\n>\n> なぜ彼がそんなことをやったのか、わかりません。\n>\n> どうして彼女がそんなつまらない本を読んでいるか、不思議です。\n>\n> どうして彼女がそんなつまらない本を読んでいるのか、不思議です。\n\nare all natural.\n\n# のか\n\nThis is a combination of の and か. This の is called 準体言助詞, which makes a noun\nphrase out of a verb phrase.\n\n「それを食べたのは、いけないことだ。」(It is bad that you ate it.)\n\nAlso, you can add か to a noun 「動物かは、分からない」(I am not sure if it is an animal.)\n\nSo, you can also add か to a noun phrase to make something similar.\n「それを食べたのかは、分からない。」(I am not sure whether you ate it not.)\n\n# か\n\nか itself can follow a verb phrase to make a noun questioning phrase.\n「それが食べられるかを知りたい。」(I want to know if I can eat it.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-28T10:42:40.813",
"id": "33183",
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"score": 9
}
]
| 33162 | 33183 | 33183 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33168",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In 'All About Particles', I have come across the sentence\n\n> 朝の台所は、コーヒーの香りがします。\n\nwhich translates as\n\n> The kitchen smells of coffee in the morning.\n\nHow do I interpret the phrase 朝の台所? I would normally translate it as \"the\nmorning's kitchen\", which doesn't make sense. With regards to the English\ntranslation, why isn't the first part of the sentence 朝に台所は?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-27T22:02:49.347",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33163",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-27T22:53:38.197",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11479",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particle-の"
],
"title": "What does の in 朝の台所 mean?",
"view_count": 97
} | [
{
"body": "In Japanese, you can often use possessors (well, genitive descriptors) where\nin English we might expect a prepositional phrase with a little bit more\nsemantic content. This happens really quite a lot - take a look at these:\n\n> 前の人 'the guy from before'\n>\n> 奥の部屋 'the room in/at the back'\n\nYour specific example follows the same kind of pattern - the 台所 has something\nto do with the morning; exactly what is left up to context. The translation\nyou're given isn't necessarily the best reflection of the structure; it might\nbe better as 'the kitchen in the morning smells like coffee', with 'in the\nmorning' directly modifying 'kitchen'.\n\nA somewhat analogous construction in English might be 'the morning coffee' or\n'the evening news' - it's not that the coffee belongs to the morning, it's\njust coffee that you drink in the morning. An even more direct translation of\nthat sentence, then, might be 'the morning kitchen smells like coffee', though\nthat's certainly odder in English.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-27T22:53:38.197",
"id": "33168",
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| 33163 | 33168 | 33168 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33280",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "According to Wikipedia,\n\n> In linguistics, a morpheme is the smallest grammatical unit in a language.\n> In other words, it is the smallest meaningful unit of a language.\n\nBy that definition, do you think a compound word like 「外食」 should be\nconsidered as a morpheme, or should it be further divided into 「外」 and 「食」\nbecause each of them carry their own meaning?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-27T22:08:58.007",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33164",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-28T04:30:18.100",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "3678",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"linguistics",
"morphology"
],
"title": "Can compound words like 「外食」be considered as a morpheme?",
"view_count": 244
} | [
{
"body": "Not sure I should answer this, but it is related to Japanese after all, so\nI'll go ahead.\n\nSo, by definition - no. 外食 is a lexeme that consists of more than one stem.\nThat alone is enough to say that it cannot be a morpheme. To elaborate a bit\nmore, both 外 and 食 are actually unbound morphemes (they appear not only as\npart of larger words), meaning that it's impossible for a combination of the\ntwo to be a single morpheme. One might even go as far as say that there are no\nbound morphemes in Japanese that have a Kanji writing, though I'm not an\nexpert in Japanese linguistics, so take that statement with a grain of salt.\nAn example of a bound morpheme in Japanese, by the way, would be the な\nmodifier (the one you see in 形容動詞).",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T16:29:46.150",
"id": "33280",
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}
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| 33164 | 33280 | 33280 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33171",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In the following [example](https://mojim.com/jpy111003x6x2.htm), it remains\nunclear to me why the term もの is written in hiragana.\n\n> あの真っ黒なものは何\n\nHere is a second [example](https://mojim.com/twy100852x45x4.htm), where 優しい is\nwritten in hiragana.\n\n> とてもあの人はやさしい\n\nMy suppositions:\n\n * For optical reasons, some kanji are written in hiragana to obtain the desired verse length.\n * Hiragana writing is used to let an open interpretation to the reader (for example 物 or 者, whether this is an object or a person)\n * Too complex kanji are replaced by hiragana to match the target audience (seems not to be the case here since the above kanji are \"simple\" ones)\n\nIs one of these suppositions correct? Or is there any general rule for this?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-27T22:30:09.253",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33166",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-27T22:48:08.803",
"last_editor_user_id": "13985",
"owner_user_id": "13985",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"hiragana",
"homophonic-kanji"
],
"title": "Why write「もの」instead of 「物」 or 「者」?",
"view_count": 615
} | [
{
"body": "According to Alexander Wurdow (a kind of notable author in Russia), \"者/物\nusually plays an auxiliary role (nominalization), and therefore most of the\ntime it is written in kana\". Does that make any sense? It's hard to translate\ngrammatical terms for me...",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-28T00:46:06.550",
"id": "33171",
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| 33166 | 33171 | 33171 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33170",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Is there a difference in meaning between 「何時間寝ますか」 and 「何時に寝ますか」 ?\n\nI know that 「何時に寝ますか。」means \"What time do you sleep?\" But what about\n「何時間寝ますか。」?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-27T22:34:02.720",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33167",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-27T22:46:37.587",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "Is there a difference in meaning between 何時間寝ますか and 何時に寝ますか",
"view_count": 1114
} | [
{
"body": "何時間 is a question about a _length_ of time.\n\n何時 is a question about a _point_ in time.\n\n「何時に寝ますか」is indeed 'when do you go to bed?'. 「何時間寝ますか」 (or perhaps a bit more\nnaturally 「何時間眠りますか」) is instead 'how long do you sleep for?'.\n\n(寝る is 'go to bed', 'decide to sleep' rather than just 'sleep'; 眠る is 'fall\nasleep' or 'be asleep'.)\n\nTime counter words with 間 in them I think universally refer to periods of\ntime, such as 何週間 '(for) how many weeks'; though not all period-of-time\ncounters use 間 (such as 何ヶ月 '(for) how many months').",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-27T22:58:24.630",
"id": "33170",
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| 33167 | 33170 | 33170 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33174",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "At first, I've learned that yoroshiku means nice to meet you. But then I saw\nit used in different cases with different meanings. So what are these\nmeanings?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-28T01:52:04.550",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33172",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-28T02:09:15.120",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "13759",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What does yoroshiku (gozaimasu) mean?",
"view_count": 828
} | [
{
"body": "よろしく comes from the word 宜しい, which means good or acceptable, and came to be\nused to express consent or convenience of the listener. As such, a rough\ntranslation might be \"if you find it acceptable\" or \"if it is convenient for\nyou \". For example, 「よろしくお願いします」 might, outside its use as a greeting, be\ntranslated as \"I would like to make this request if you find it tolerable\".\n\nSource: <http://gogen-allguide.com/yo/yoroshiku.html>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-28T02:09:15.120",
"id": "33174",
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"owner_user_id": "7238",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 33172 | 33174 | 33174 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33187",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How would I translate [Dami Im's](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dami_Im) name\ninto Japanese?\n\nIm was born in South Korea (her name in Korean is 임다미), but moved to Australia\nwhen she was nine. \"Dami\" is her given name, and \"Im\" is her surname, based on\nher father's name being Dong Eal Im.\n\nIs it ok to just use \"ダミ･イム\", like the Japanese edition of Wikipedia\n[does](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A6%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%93%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%82%B9%E3%83%882016)?\nOr ought I try to work out the kanji equivalent of \"Dami\" and \"Im\", like how\nBan Ki-moon is\n[潘基文](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%87) according to\nthe Japanese edition of Wikipedia?\n\nDoes the fact that she's a singer (or any kind of celebrity) mean that she's\nmore likely to have a katakana name than someone who isn't a celebrity (such\nas a politician or a scientist)?\n\nI've also seen her name reversed back to surname first (イム･ダミ)\n[here](http://m.korea.net/japanese/NewsFocus/People/view?pageIndex=1&articleId=118159).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-28T05:39:41.627",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33178",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-29T08:21:46.397",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "91",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"katakana",
"names"
],
"title": "Japanese for \"Dami Im\"",
"view_count": 496
} | [
{
"body": "The three characters read 임(Im)다(Da)미(Mi). This is her Korean name.\n\nI feel ダミ･イム and イム･ダミ are both fine. But, I prefer ダミ･イム. Basically, we try\nto copy native pronunciation of that person. For example, Michael has several\nways of reading in Hebrew, English, German, French, etc. So, it is written in\nvarious forms like ミカエル, マイケル, ミハエル, ミチェル, etc. It seems that Dami Im is\nmainly based in Australia, and she is now an Australian. So, I want to import\nher name from English.\n\nProbably, Im is 任 or 林, but basically there is no way to know what Kanjis are\nappropriate unless you ask her parents or herself. Now Koreans do not use\nKanji in their daily life although most Koreans have their Kanji name. If you\ngo to her wedding, probably you will see her Kanji name.\n\nYou can find several Kanji examples of 임다미 in the link below. 林多彌, 林爹彌, 林茶彌,\n任茶迷, 林爹媺.\n<http://www.erumy.com/nameAnalyze/AnalyzeMyName.aspx?name=%EC%9E%84%EB%8B%A4%EB%AF%B8>\n\nIn old days, Japanese tend to write Chinese and Korean name in Kanji, and read\nit in Japanese way. For example, Kim Dae-jung (金大中), a president of South\nKorea, was called きんだいちゅう (Kin DaiTyuu).\n\nHowever, there was a movement to read Korean names in a native way (現地読み) in\n1984. Korean government had asked Japanese government and media to do so. And,\nJapanese government accepted this just before a president, Chun Doo-hwan (全斗煥,\nチョン・ドファン (Korean reading) or ぜんとかん(Japanese reading)) came to Japan. Japanese\nmedia also followed. As a result, we tend to read 金大中 as きむでじゅん (Kimu DeJun).\nStill, the old way of reading is OK.\n\nOn the other hand, Chinese government reads Japanese name in Chinese way, and\nthey have not asked this. So, nothing has changed for Chinese names. (For\nexample, Hu Jintao, 胡錦濤 is こきんとう Ko KinTou. Yet, フーチンタオ is OK, but it is hard\nto understand this.)\n\nThe reason why we tend to write a Korean politician or scientist's name in\nKanji is probably that s/he is so old and famous that we know their Kanji\nname. It is shorter and easier to understand. But, as for young singers, we do\nnot know their Kanji name anyway.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-28T15:41:06.217",
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"score": 7
}
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| 33178 | 33187 | 33187 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Why is「から」used in the following sentence?\n\n> さてと...われわれも気をうしなうとするか 寝不足すると 農場作業がつらい **から** な。\n\nFor my understanding, 「農場作業がつらい」is the result clause while normally 「から」 would\nfollow reason clause.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-28T05:45:55.247",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33179",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-29T08:58:13.907",
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"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"manga",
"particle-から"
],
"title": "Why is「から」used in this sentence?",
"view_count": 181
} | [
{
"body": "This から is acting on the clause 寝不足すると農場作業がつらい, which is the reason clause for\nわれわれもきをうしなうとするか. This becomes apparent if you rewrite the sentence to\n\n> 寝不足すると農場作業がつらいからわれわれもきをうしなうとするか。\n>\n> Farm work is tough if you don't get enough sleep, so let's sleep.\n\nThe から is the \"so\" in this sentence.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-28T09:20:04.013",
"id": "33181",
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| 33179 | null | 33181 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33209",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm going through [ekubo basic Japanese\nlessons](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k-Vb9MJVous&list=PLINFE8v4DOhu_3LutLwJWetAhdcCrBF4X&index=46)\nand there's a recurring use of the word こと I don't understand, like in this\nsentence:\n\n> そとで、ものをうっている **こと** が多いです\n\nTranslated in the video as\n\n> People usually sell something outside\n\nMy intuition would be that it is used to turn うっている into a noun (something\nlike selling-activity)...",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-28T14:39:32.083",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33184",
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"last_edit_date": "2022-01-14T20:07:47.710",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "13634",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"formal-nouns",
"nominalization"
],
"title": "What does こと mean in this context? そとで、ものをうっていることが多いです",
"view_count": 1529
} | [
{
"body": "It's called nominalization, and yes, it is used to turn verbs (and verb\nclauses into nouns).\n\n[Verb clauses as\nnouns](http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/complete/verb_clauses)\n\n> All we need to treat verb clauses as a noun is by attaching a generic noun\n> to the clause: 「こと」（事）\n>\n> 「の」 can also be used as a noun replacement. The difference is 「こと」 is a more\n> general statement while 「の」 is specific to the context of the sentence.\n\nFurther reading:\n\n * [Nominalization with のが、のを](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/11566/11830)\n * [What is the difference between the nominalizers こと and の?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/1395/11830)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-28T15:03:51.660",
"id": "33185",
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},
{
"body": "The こと means [場合]{ばあい}, \"case, circumstance, occasion, instance\" (See\ndefinition #②-6-㋑ in\n[デジタル大辞泉](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/80340/meaning/m0u/)).\n\nYou can use 「～ことが多い(です)」 to mean 「～場合が多い(です)」, \"It is often the case that...\"\n\"in many cases...\" \"often...\" \"tend to...\" etc.\n\nSo, your example sentence can be rephrased this way:\n\n> [外]{そと}で[物]{もの}を[売]{う}っている **こと** が[多]{おお}いです。 \n> ≂ 外で物を売っている[場合]{ばあい}が多いです。 \n> (lit.) Cases where (people) are selling things outside are many. \n> → It is often the case that they sell things outdoors.\n\nExamples of ～ことが多いです:\n\n> [子供]{こども}は、ピーマンが[嫌]{きら}いな **こと** が多いです。 \n> Kids often dislike green pepper. \n> [朝夕]{あさゆう}の[電車]{でんしゃ}は、[混]{こ}んでいる **こと** が多いです。 \n> Trains are often crowded in the morning and evening. \n> [不注意]{ふちゅうい}から、[事故]{じこ}が[起]{お}こる **こと** が多いです。 \n> Carelessness tends to result in accidents.\n\nSimilar use of this こと:\n\n> [価格]{かかく}は、[予告]{よこく}なく[変更]{へんこう}する **ことがあります** 。 \n> Prices may change without prior notice. \n> バスは **ときどき** 、[遅]{おく}れる **ことがあります** 。 \n> Buses are sometimes late.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-29T15:02:41.173",
"id": "33209",
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}
]
| 33184 | 33209 | 33209 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33188",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is a description of a comedy premise where a track athlete con-artist\nuses a stopwatch to time some kind of track record and says, \"You're 「日本新」\".\nCalling someone「日本新」is described as a method for a con-artist to fool people\nbecause of their weakness for the word.\n\n>\n> 中でも途中で現われた、「陸上選手」詐欺師というのが、鮎子には可笑しくて仕方がなかった。首から下げたストップウォッチで、何かというと記録を計り、「日本新ですよ、あなた」と客を煽てて、騙そうとするのだ。人間は、「日本新」という言葉に弱い、という妙な理屈から考案した詐欺商法らしいが、そのくだらなさが愉快だった。\n\nCan you explain the meaning or double meaning of 「日本新」 in this comedy premise?\nWhat is the \"trick\" that hinges on this word?\n\nI'm guessing it has something to do with にほんしん and 日本人 sounding similar, but\nI'm not sure what it means by the strange logic of people having a weakness\nfor the word.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-03-28T15:12:36.317",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"jokes"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 「日本新」in this comedy premise?",
"view_count": 146
} | [
{
"body": "日本新 is shortened version of a word 日本新記録, which means new Japanese record.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-28T15:42:54.797",
"id": "33188",
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| 33186 | 33188 | 33188 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Today I confused 忙 with 忘 and now I can see why: they are made of same\nradicals and yet they have different meanings. Is there a logical reason for\nthis?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-28T22:04:02.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33191",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-29T10:34:27.603",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "12271",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"etymology"
],
"title": "About 忙 and 忘 using same radicals but having different meanings",
"view_count": 292
} | [
{
"body": "The meanings are a bit related: when one is in _haste_ , one tends to _forget_\nthings.\n\nBut as for why the characters developed the way they did, you'll have to ask\nsomeone with background knowledge of the Chinese characters themselves.\n\nI do see that the reconstructed Old Chinese readings and researched Middle\nChinese readings aren't very far apart between the two characters:\n\n * 忙: \" _flurried, hurried, in haste; to hasten, to hurry_ \" \nOld Chinese reading: `/*mˁaŋ/` \nMiddle Chinese reading: `mang`\n\n * 忘: \" _to forget, to overlook_ \" \nOld Chinese reading: `/*maŋ/`, `/*maŋs/` \nMiddle Chinese reading: `mjang`, `mjang``H`\n\nThe similar semantics and similar phonetics could suggest a common root.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-28T22:54:30.647",
"id": "33192",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-28T23:05:21.733",
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},
{
"body": "The radical for both is 心. 忙,心死也。 It means the state of being busy is\nequivalent as the heart(mind) being dead (not working in an intelligent way),\nwhich is what is commonly understood as the poor man's ADHD, the short\nsightedness caused by being materialistically deficient. 忘 is also\n亡心。Forgetting something would be similar as things dying off in the mind which\nwould be equivalent to forgetting.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-29T10:34:27.603",
"id": "33200",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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| 33191 | null | 33192 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I keep on hearing the term 「このなかでは」 and 「そのなかでは」from news, but I can't seem to\nfind what it means anywhere. I found a meaning for 中, which is probably what\nなか refers to, as \"while\". Does it mean \"meanwhile\"?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-29T00:03:51.977",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33193",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-29T05:43:08.863",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "Meaning of このなかでは",
"view_count": 409
} | [
{
"body": "According to WWWJDIC, この中で is \"amoung these\", and the \"は\" is most likely the\ntopic marker. I would not define 中 as while at all (as in 箱の中に \"inside the\nbox\")... So literally, I read it as \"this (thing) within as for\".",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-29T01:09:13.507",
"id": "33194",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-29T01:09:13.507",
"last_edit_date": null,
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{
"body": "* 中: \"inside\", \"middle\", etc.\n * この中: \"inside of this\"\n * で: place marker\n * は: topic marker\n\nこの中では/その中では is used in two ways:\n\n 1. Literally, \"Inside this/that\"\n\n> ここが我々の工場です。 **この中では** 缶詰が作られています。\n\n 2. As an established set phrase, \"Among these/those\"\n\n> アメリカには50の州があります。 **この中では** アラスカの面積が最大です。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-29T05:43:08.863",
"id": "33199",
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]
| 33193 | null | 33199 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33203",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Is there any difference between Onamae wa and Anata no namae wa nan desu ka?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-29T02:49:10.850",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33195",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-31T10:59:31.607",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-29T11:24:05.990",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13759",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Asking somebody's name",
"view_count": 2749
} | [
{
"body": "お、です is polite form, so if you use them, the sentence become polite.\n\nAnd only お名前は? can get across but I think (あなたの)お名前は何ですか? is more polite than\nit.\n\nIn addition お名前は何とおっしゃいますか? is more polite than お名前は何ですか?.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-29T12:49:54.963",
"id": "33203",
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"owner_user_id": "7320",
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},
{
"body": "お名前をうかがってもよろしいですか？ is more common when you work in the office.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T06:04:29.120",
"id": "33258",
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"owner_user_id": "13955",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
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| 33195 | 33203 | 33258 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "Which should I use to say \"I had fun\"? 楽しました or 楽しめました? Are they both correct?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-29T04:01:47.923",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33197",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-29T04:21:58.857",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "14002",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "楽しました vs 楽しめました",
"view_count": 747
} | [
{
"body": "You have to say 楽しめました or 楽しみました.\n\n * 楽【たの】しめました = masu-form of potential form of 楽【たの】しむ + まし + た = (lit.) I was able to have fun. = I had fun.\n * 楽【たの】しみました = masu-form of 楽【たの】しむ + まし + た = I had fun.\n\nThese are both correct in this situation, and the difference is small.\n\n楽【らく】しました happens to be grammatically correct, but means a totally different\nthing.\n\n * 楽【らく】しました = masu-form of 楽【らく】する + まし + た = I had an easy life. / I was being lazy.\n\n楽【らく】する is the same as 楽【らく】をする, which is \"to be lazy\", \"to have an easy\nlife\", \"to do something without struggle/effort\" etc.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-29T04:14:18.577",
"id": "33198",
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| 33197 | null | 33198 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33238",
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"body": "Does this sentence make sense?\n\n> 山本さんは水曜日の食事 **が** 体に悪いと思います。\n\nIt's supposed to mean:\n\n> I think Yamamoto's Wednesday meal was unhealthy (lit. bad for the body)\n\nI'm particularly unsure about my use of the particle が.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-29T10:47:03.247",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33201",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-13T00:57:22.040",
"last_edit_date": "2016-04-13T00:57:22.040",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14007",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"particle-は",
"particle-が"
],
"title": "Does this sentence make sense?",
"view_count": 191
} | [
{
"body": "I'm a bit unsure towards whom this line is supposed to be addressed. I'm\nanswering this based on the assumption that you are not talking to 山本\n\n> 山本さんは水曜日の食事が体に悪いと思います。\n\nI think this means \"Yamamoto-san thinks [someone's] Wednesday's meal was bad\nfor [someone's health].\"\n\nI'd make the following changes:\n\n 1. 山本さんは → 山本さんの\n\n 2. 食事が → 食事は (mostly because of the previous change)\n\n 3. 体に悪い → 体に悪そう\n\n 4. 思います is no longer needed after the 悪い → 悪そう change.\n\nI ended up with:\n\n> 山本さんの水曜日の食事は体に悪そうでした。\n>\n> Yamamoto's Wednesday meal looked unhealthy.\n\nIf you were talking to 山本 directly, it probably sounds more natural if you\nhave ending particles such as よ or ね (or both).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-29T16:55:34.853",
"id": "33215",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-29T16:55:34.853",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "6820",
"parent_id": "33201",
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},
{
"body": "If you suppose a 山本 who is unhealthy is asking the doctor what's wrong with\nhim, and the doctor replies as it's his Wednesday meal that does harm,\n山本さんは水曜日の食事がからだに悪い **のだ** と思います works and it's natural.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-30T05:11:15.930",
"id": "33235",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-30T05:11:15.930",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "4092",
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},
{
"body": "> I think Yamamoto's Wednesday meal was unhealthy.\n\nIf this is what you want to say, I think you can say:\n\n> * 山本さんの水曜日の食事 **は** 、体に悪かったと思います。/ 体に良くなかったと思います。 \n> lit. \"I think Yamamoto-san's Wednesday meal was bad for health. / not good\n> for health.\" \n> (more literal to \"I think Yamamoto's Wednesday meal was unhealthy.\") \n> OR\n> * 山本さんは、水曜日の食事 **が** 体に悪かったんだと思います。/ 体に良くなかったんだと思います。 \n> lit. \"As for Yamamoto-san, I think his Wednesday meal was bad for health. /\n> not good for health.\" \n> (which is closer to \"As for Yamamoto-san, I think the problem was his\n> Wednesday meal.\" / \"I think Yamamoto-san's problem is that his Wednesday\n> meal was unhealthy.\")\n>\n\n* * *\n\nYour sentence:\n\n> 山本さんは水曜日の食事が体に悪いと思います。\n\nsounds a bit unnatural... You could instead say:\n\n> 山本さんは水曜日の食事が体に悪いと思 **っています** 。\n\nto mean \"Yamamoto-san thinks that (every) Wednesday meal is unhealthy\", or\n\n> 山本さんは水曜日の食事が体に悪 **かった** と思 **っています** 。\n\nto mean \"Yamamoto-san thinks that his Wednesday meal **was** unhealthy.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-30T05:36:16.257",
"id": "33238",
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"parent_id": "33201",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 33201 | 33238 | 33238 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33214",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "There are 2 girls who had a fight and are mad at each other. \nOne of them asks the protagonist if he is gonna fight against the other girl\nand he anwswers:\n\n> 「あいつが邪魔をするなら戦う。 \n> ……まあ、ホントは聖杯なんて物騒なもんはあいつに任せたいんだけどな。 \n> あいつならキチンと **鞘に収められる** し、桜を助けてくれるだろうし」\n\nThe the girl:\n\n> 「……そう、でしょうか。 \n> あの人は、魔術師です。 \n> わたしみたいに弱い人間のコトなんて、考えてくれないと思います」\n\nLooking online I found this:\n\n> 元の鞘に納まる:一度別れた男女が、いろいろあった末に結局はもとの仲に戻る（復縁する）ことを言います。\n\nI understand that it means something like get together, but it talks about man\nand women.\n\nSo, could this expression mean something like:\n\n> Make up, Make peace with each other\n\nEven if it has no sexual meaning?\n\nAlternatively it's talking about obtaining the 聖杯.\n\nAnother definition is:\n\n> 鞘に収めた:強い働きかけを止める様子 Stopping a strong influence\n\nI am not sure since 働きかけ seems to have multiple meanings. Looking it up I\nfound this one:\n\n> 人に対してその物事について考えるよう促すこと \n> Urging people to think about the circumstances \n> (Might be wrong how I understood it)\n\nOr does it mean another thing completely?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-29T13:52:29.327",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33204",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "鞘に収める expression. Meaning?",
"view_count": 244
} | [
{
"body": "The original expression 元の鞘に納まる is an allusion to a drawn sword going back\ninto its sheath and is used, in its strict sense, to describe lovers getting\nback together after a bitter fight or breakup.\n\nI think the writer may be using the idiom somewhat loosely to mean something\nto the effect of: **to put everything back into its right place; to bring a\nsituation to a harmonious conclusion.**\n\nOr, truer to the image its words evoke, it can be about settling of a fight,\nwhich in this case would be the 聖杯戦争. (Tip of my hat to 変幻出没-san. I didn't\nrealize this until I saw his/her comment.)\n\nRegarding\n\n> 鞘に収めた:強い働きかけを止める様子 Stopping a strong influence ,\n\nno, there's no such definition for 鞘に収める, I don't think.\n\n(働きかけ is a nominalized form of 働きかける: _to work on someone; to exert\ninfluence/pressure over someone._ )",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-29T16:25:56.147",
"id": "33213",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-29T16:25:56.147",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11575",
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{
"body": "Two phrases are different in meaning.\n\n> 鞘に収める \n> …([抜]{ぬ}いた[刀]{かたな}を)鞘に収める\n\nDrawing a real sword means a commencement of battle. The term of this phrase\noriginates here. This is a thing about spirituality.\n\n> 元の鞘に納まる \n> …([別]{べつ}の鞘に[入]{はい}っていた刀が)元の鞘に納まる\n\nAll sheaths are somewhat different. One sword can be put back in only its\nsheath. This is a thing about shape.\n\nIncidentally, the opposite meaning of 「元の鞘に納まる」 is 「[反]{そ}りが[合]{あ}わない」.\n\n反り is the curve of a sword. It shows that a sword can not be put back in the\nsheath for the difference of shape. There are many proverbs about sword in\nJapanese.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-29T16:35:18.170",
"id": "33214",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-29T16:35:18.170",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 1
}
]
| 33204 | 33214 | 33213 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33210",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "「どちらにお住まいですか。」\n\n「どちらにお住みですか。」\n\n「どちらに住んでいますか。」\n\nDo all of these questions mean \"where do you live?\" ? How are they\ngrammatically different? Is 「住まい 」a conjugated form of the verb 「住む 」?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-29T14:05:17.757",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33205",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "13998",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Different conjugations of the verb 住む",
"view_count": 388
} | [
{
"body": "There is a good answer in Japanese on\n[Okwave](http://okwave.jp/qa/q667021.html) for the difference between phrase 1\nand 2.\n\nThey all mean the \"Where do you live?\", but the first two are a condensed form\nof keigo, and the third is in standard polite Japanese.\n\nThe first is based on the verb 住まう and the second is based on the verb 住む,\nwhich have similar meaning. According to the article I linked,\n「どちらにお住まいですか。」is used more often in modern Japanese.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-29T14:59:33.753",
"id": "33208",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-29T17:57:15.277",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "> 住まう→お住まいですか \n> 住む →お住みですか\n\n住まう has a meaning like 'to continue living'. \nExamples of such expressions include [語]{かた}らう(to continue saying([語]{かた}る))\nand [移]{うつ}ろう(to continue changing([移]{うつ}る)).\n\nThat is a kind of expressions of a literary style, but お住まいですか is used better\nthan お住みですか \nbecause お住みですか is easily confused with お[済]{す}みですか that has the same\npronunciation as it.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-29T15:35:24.693",
"id": "33210",
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"score": 6
}
]
| 33205 | 33210 | 33210 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33219",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Just saw this [image about Nintendo on Kotaku](http://kotaku.com/old-school-\nnintendo-kyoto-japan-by-stephen-gibson-j-1767680775):\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/JUoP7.jpg)\n\nClearly the company name, description, and location are written in traditional\nright-to-left orientation. Even かるた is right-to-left.\n\nSo why is トランプ written left-to-right amongst the rest of the text?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-29T16:15:54.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33211",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-29T17:38:32.163",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "78",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"history",
"orthography",
"loanwords"
],
"title": "Why is this katakana not reversed?",
"view_count": 786
} | [
{
"body": "## Historical Background\n\nAccording to [the 歴史的{れきしてき}経緯{けいい} section of the 縦書{たてが}きと横書{よこが}き article\non the Japanese\nWikipedia](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B8%A6%E6%9B%B8%E3%81%8D%E3%81%A8%E6%A8%AA%E6%9B%B8%E3%81%8D#.E6.AD.B4.E5.8F.B2.E7.9A.84.E7.B5.8C.E7.B7.AF),\napparently in the late 1800s it wasn't altogether uncommon for printed\nmaterials to have Japanese still written vertically top-to-bottom with lines\nprogressing right-to-left, with any European-language text written\nhorizontally left-to-right with lines progressing top-to-bottom:\n\n>\n> 最初{さいしょ}の日本語{にほんご}の外国語{がいこくご}辞書{じしょ}は、外国語{がいこくご}が左{ひだり}横書{よこが}き、日本語{にほんご}が縦書{たてが}きで、本{ほん}を回転{かいてん}しないと普通{ふつう}に読{よ}めない。 \n> The first foreign-language dictionaries in Japan had the foreign language\n> written horizontally left-to-right, and the Japanese written vertically,\n> such that one had to rotate the book to read it normally.\n\nWhat looks like single lines of Japanese text in older writings, especially\nsignage such as at temples, often appears to be written horizontally right-to-\nleft, but the common view of this as described in the Wikipedia article seems\nto be that this is classical vertical top-to-bottom writing where the lines\nprogress right-to-left, just that each vertical line is only one character\nlong. This jives with what I've been told by native speakers. Horizontal\nheadlines still occasionally use this style to evoke a traditional or old-\nfashioned feel, and apparently everyday newspapers didn't adopt left-to-right\nfor horizontal headlines until the 1940s.\n\n## Interpreting the Sign in the Picture\n\nIn this light, I suspect that this sign above is intentionally using the older\nright-to-left style, which developed from what the Wikipedia article describes\nas sign-style \"vertical\" writing for the Japanese, where each vertical \"line\"\nis only one character long and the lines themselves progress right-to-left.\nHowever, since トランプ is a foreign word, it is written left-to-right, even\nthough it's spelled here in katakana. かるた is also etymologically a foreign\nword, but I suspect it was borrowed long ago enough to be treated as a\nnativized term, which might be why it's spelled in hiragana.\n\n**Note:** A quick look into the histories of the two terms かるた and トランプ seems\nto confirm this.\n\n * かるた was borrowed from Portuguese, in the earlier years of initial contact. It even has kanji spellings listed, as 骨牌 and 歌留多. [Gogen Allguide's entry](http://gogen-allguide.com/ka/carta.html) notes a game popular in the 天正{てんしょう} era of 1573-1593.\n * トランプ was borrowed from English, and thus is a much more recent arrival into the Japanese language. [Gogen Allguide's entry](http://gogen-allguide.com/to/trump.html) suggests that this didn't enter mainstream Japanese until the Meiji period.\n\nUltimately, the different directions of the writing on the sign appear to be\nan intentional effect evoking the common writing conventions of the late\n1800s, specifically 1889 when the Nintendo company started manufacturing\nplaying cards.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-29T17:36:53.030",
"id": "33219",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-29T18:44:11.747",
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},
{
"body": "That is very interesting. \nI guess that is a style for shape design, but on the other hand, that shows\nthe process of change from right-to-left style to left-to-right style. \nThis is another nameplate of that company. \nPerhaps, while writing Hiragana, Katakana and Alphabets in a mixed manner,\nthey must had come to be written left-to-right.\n\nI apologize that this is not an answer.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/diGsN.jpg)\n\nIt seems that the existence of loanword in Katakana caused a change like this. \n[PLAYING CARDS]{プレイング カード}",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T18:07:33.733",
"id": "33281",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-02T06:24:20.830",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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},
{
"body": "It is clear (really!) that this sign is talking about two brands, one for\ntraditional cards, the other for (\"standard\"? 52-card) Western cards:\n\n * [Napoleon] トランプ\n * [福] かるた\n\nGiven the much greater flexibility with which Japanese characters can be\npositioned, and still read easily, this just looks like a bit of playfulness,\nto allow the two trademarks to be positioned symmetrically, and the names read\ntowards the middle.\n\nI think the story about RtL being actually one-character-high vertical writing\nis quite incredible, if not coherent. (For text including katakana, it is\npossible to distinguish the two, by the direction of the \"long vowel mark\",\nbut for kanji-only writing this would be metaphysics or worse.) Remember that\nJapanese wikipedia is useful, but not an authority, because it is almost\nentirely unsourced.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-04-01T05:41:28.097",
"id": "33286",
"last_activity_date": "2016-04-01T05:41:28.097",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7717",
"parent_id": "33211",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 33211 | 33219 | 33219 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33218",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "四{し}月{がつ}は君{きみ}の嘘{うそ} is an anime premiered in fall 2014, and I wonder how\nthis anime title should be translated.\n\nThe official translation is “Your Lie in April”, but I also came across\nanother form which is “April is Your Lie”. Are these translations are both\nacceptable? Or is it a one should be preferred to the other?\n\nHere I understood that the place of the subject is important, but the form\n“April is Your Lie” makes no sense to me. I am aware that, by translating word\nfor word this sentence, one can reach this construction, but in this case the\nmeaning does not seem properly transcribed.\n\nSemantically, this is obviously not the month of April which is a lie, it is a\nmetonymy. Thus, in English, the form “April is Your Lie” does not appear\nconvincing (the metonymy is less clear) while on the contrary “Your Lie in\nApril” — the form eventually officially chosen — is closer to the original\nmeaning (and, but that is subjective, also seems more poetic).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-29T17:22:18.280",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33216",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-29T18:03:12.737",
"last_editor_user_id": "14013",
"owner_user_id": "14013",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"word-order"
],
"title": "How should “四月は君の嘘” be translated?",
"view_count": 645
} | [
{
"body": "A single phrase can be translated in multiple ways. Doesn't help that Japanese\nis a very ambiguous language. But \"Your Lie In April\" seems to be the official\ntranslation and fits the story more. After all, it was a lie IN April that\nstarted the story, not that April was the lie.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-29T17:32:44.817",
"id": "33218",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-30T20:07:53.097",
"last_edit_date": "2016-06-30T20:07:53.097",
"last_editor_user_id": "14013",
"owner_user_id": "14014",
"parent_id": "33216",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 33216 | 33218 | 33218 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33221",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The other day I overheard a question/reply pattern that confused me a bit.\nThis is the scenario: something weird just happened in the street, and person\nA came up to a police officer. It went something like this:\n\n> Person A: 今ここで、数千人の通行人が一瞬で消えたんです！あなたの見ましたよね？！\n>\n> Police Officer: 見えていない。いいから早く出ていて！\n\nI have 2 questions about this:\n\n 1. I don't think I ever noticed that kind of question pattern \"あなたの見ましたよね\". Is this common? What's up with that? I'm specifically a bit confused with the usage of の here. My guess is that it means something along the lines of \"This surely is a seen event[of yours]\".\n\n 2. Person A is obviously asking if the police officer saw the event _in the past_. However, the police officer responds by mentioning the present. Is he actually referring to the past(i.e. \"didn't see\") with ている somehow, or is he basically saying \"I'm not seeing anything\" ? His answer seems a bit weird to me..\n\nThanks.\n\n**EDIT** For future readers of this question, before you get confused, I\nmisheard も as の, and ~~出ていって~~ 出ていけ as 出ていて( _whoops_ )。",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-29T17:49:29.730",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33220",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-30T16:19:57.190",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11176",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"questions",
"tense"
],
"title": "Strange question/answer pattern",
"view_count": 266
} | [
{
"body": "1. I guess what he said was not \"の\" but \"も\".\n\n> あなたも見ましたよね \n> You saw it, too, didn't you?\n\n2. I guess that police man wanted to ignore him absolutely.\n\nIn the case of common conversation:\n\n> (私はそれを)見なかった。[何]{なに}があった？ \n> I didn't see it. What's happened?\n\nIn the case of 見ていない and 見えていない, police man will not ask him at all.\n\n> (私はなにも)見えていない。早く出ていって！ \n> I can't see anything. Get out at once!\n\nThat is to say, police man wanted to ignore time also. \n(私はなにも)見えていない。→(私は[過去]{かこ}も[今]{いま}も、なにも)見えていない。 \nThis police man deny all of his claims.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-29T19:42:31.867",
"id": "33221",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-29T19:42:31.867",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"score": 3
}
]
| 33220 | 33221 | 33221 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "Sorry if this question have already been asked but I did some research and\ndidn't find anything about this.\n\nSo I just started to learn some kanji and I decided to look around at names\nwith kanji just to see what it's like. So I went and researched some names\nfrom a game and I came across this:\n\n> 星熊 勇儀\n\nAnd the name is supposed to be read like this:\n\n> ほしぐま ゆうぎ\n\nI just don't understand why the kanji 熊 is \"くま\" but is read \"ぐま\".\n\nThanks for any information you have!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-29T20:45:29.797",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33222",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14017",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"rendaku"
],
"title": "Need help with 熊 pronunciation",
"view_count": 74
} | []
| 33222 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33224",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What's the difference between the words (to ask) - 問う, 聞く, and 訊ねる?\n\n聞く seems like it might be more formal, and 訊ねる less common in speaking.\n\nThere's also 伺う which appears to be a humble word (謙譲語) when referring to\nsuperiors.\n\nDoes anyone have any input?\n\nFrom what I gathered, 言います in place of any of these as well and people would\nmostly understand.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-30T00:25:02.633",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33223",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-30T06:13:45.220",
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"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "11098",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Difference between 問う, 聞く, and 訊ねる",
"view_count": 3019
} | [
{
"body": "* **聞く** : Very common. Not particularly formal nor casual. You can get away with this verb in most situations.\n * **尋ねる** : Explicit, formal, a bit literary, less common. In speech, it's mainly used with humble expressions like \"お尋ねしてもよろしいですか？\" (May I ask you a question?). 尋ねる is the standard kanji for this verb.\n * **問う** : Literary and stiff. In the sense of \"to ask something to someone in front of you\", you won't see this verb often except in novels. It tends to be used with serious/universal/philosophical questions (eg 人の生きる意味を問う, 教育の本質が問われている). It has [other uses](http://jisho.org/search/%E5%95%8F%E3%81%86) which are not interchangeable with 聞く.\n * **伺う** : Yes, the humble verb for 聞く (both in the sense of _listen_ and _ask_ ). It's also the humble verb for 訪ねる (to visit).\n * **質問する** : Formal and unambiguous. \"Make a question\" rather than simple \"Ask\". The Japanese version of Stack Overflow has the \"質問する\" button.\n\nThe kanji 訊 is not in joyo-kanji list, but it can be read both as 訊【き】く and\n訊【たず】ねる. These readings are mainly found in novels, but I personally never\nneed to use this kanji.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-30T01:00:26.387",
"id": "33224",
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"score": 16
}
]
| 33223 | 33224 | 33224 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33239",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I have looked these two words up on WWWJDIC and there doesn't seem to be much\ndifference. Are they interchangeable, or do they infer different things?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-30T01:44:59.837",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33225",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "13917",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 14,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"nuances"
],
"title": "Using 出る as opposed to 出かける",
"view_count": 7349
} | [
{
"body": "出る is much more universal. It has a VAST pool of different meanings and can be\nused very loosely compared to 出かける which has a very specific meaning",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-30T05:13:19.697",
"id": "33236",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-30T05:13:19.697",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "14020",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "出かける is a compound verb made from 出る and かける. In that sense, it is natural\nthat the meaning is similar. But, they are different.\n\n出る has several meanings, but the most general idea is 'something moves out of\na certain range.'\n\n出かける is something like 'going out,' but only used when \"A human being goes out\nfor some distance by his/her own will.\" Something closer to 'to travel.'\n\nAccording to a paper, \"複合動詞「〜かかる」と「〜かける」\", this 「かける」 is classified as 志向移動,\nintentional movement. That means, 「出かける」 requires some intention or purpose\ntoward destination or movement.\n<http://repository.tufs.ac.jp/bitstream/10108/20525/1/jls006003.pdf>\n\nMaybe these two examples explain the difference well.\n\n * 火事になったので、外へ出た。(Because of the fire, I got out.) (There is a certain range. Probably a house in this case, and I am now out of it.)\n * ゲームに飽きたので、外へ出かけた。(Because I got tired of playing a game, I went out.) (I am looking for some fun, and I move for a while.)\n\nYou cannot say,\n\n * *犬が出かける。 (A dog cannot have a complex intention.)\n * *表へ出かける。 (表 means 'in front of the house.' That is too close, too short a distance.)\n * *手錠をかけられて警察へ出かける。 (You are dragged by the police, not by your will.)\n * *火事になったので、外へ出かけた。(If it is on fire, your intention is to avoid the fire, not to go to the destination.)\n\nBut,\n\n * 犬が家から出る。\n * 表へ出る。\n * 落し物を届けに警察へ出かける。\n * 火事になったので、外へ出た。\n\nare all natural.\n\nI also see a difference in the に-object. 「〜に」of 出かけた is a final destination or\nintention. On the other hand, 「〜に」of 出た is the place you just reach after the\nmovement.\n\n * ホテルから外に出た。\n * コンサートに出た。(You appeared on the stage.)\n * ホテルからコンサートに出かけた。\n * ホテルから散歩にでかけた。\n * 旅に出かけた。(This has an emphasis on the fact that you are traveling.)\n * 旅に出た。(This has an emphasis on the fact that you are absent.)\n\nThe difference between the last two would be interesting.\n\n「旅に出ます。探さないでください。」is a common expression in a letter for running away from\nhome. (Well, at least in fictions.)\n\nThis is not「旅に出かけます。探さないでください。」. This makes me feel safe because s/he has some\nobjectives while traveling, and s/he would be back after s/he finishes his/her\nquest.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-30T06:00:32.500",
"id": "33239",
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"score": 22
},
{
"body": "出かける usually means 'to leave for some sort of business', where the 'business'\ncan be as mundane as a walk. You are generally expected to get back.\n\n出る is a more universal 'to leave' or 'to exit'",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-30T07:50:06.417",
"id": "33241",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-30T07:50:06.417",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "6820",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 33225 | 33239 | 33239 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33232",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How to say bye bye (you will see that person soon) in a polite way?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-30T03:32:01.650",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33226",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-30T04:44:48.290",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "13759",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Saying bye bye to others",
"view_count": 99
} | [
{
"body": "If you must say a polite way of bye bye to the person like your boss, you say\n失礼します.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-30T04:44:48.290",
"id": "33232",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-30T04:44:48.290",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "7320",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 33226 | 33232 | 33232 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33230",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Why do people have to add \"o\" to \"namae\" like \"Onamae wa?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-30T03:33:30.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33227",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-30T21:39:06.510",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-30T21:39:06.510",
"last_editor_user_id": "91",
"owner_user_id": "13759",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"honorifics",
"prefixes",
"bikago"
],
"title": "What is the function of \"o\"?",
"view_count": 271
} | [
{
"body": "お and ご are prefixes used to make a word sound more respectful/polite.\n\nお prefixes words with kunyomi readings such as:\n\n * お客さん\n * お手洗い\n * お茶\n\nご prefixes words with onyomi readings such as:\n\n * ご飯\n * ご利用\n * ご注文",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-30T03:48:05.507",
"id": "33230",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-30T04:00:34.273",
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"last_editor_user_id": "13937",
"owner_user_id": "13937",
"parent_id": "33227",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 33227 | 33230 | 33230 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the difference between 赤｛あか} and 赤色｛あかいろ｝？",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-30T03:37:47.447",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33228",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-31T00:45:34.147",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-30T04:08:34.703",
"last_editor_user_id": "3614",
"owner_user_id": "13759",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "Difference between 赤｛あか｝ and 赤色｛あかいろ｝",
"view_count": 91
} | [
{
"body": "赤色 is just a redundant form of 赤\n\n赤 also has other meanings besides just red, so 赤色 can be used to clarify\nyou're talking about the color red in a confusing situation.\n\nAn example in English would be:\n\n> the curtains are red\n\nversus\n\n> the curtains are of red color",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-30T05:07:09.603",
"id": "33234",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-31T00:45:34.147",
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"parent_id": "33228",
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"score": 0
}
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| 33228 | null | 33234 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33231",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What word should I use to refer to myself? (I am a young girl)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-30T03:46:41.017",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33229",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-30T04:30:40.230",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-30T04:30:40.230",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "13759",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Referring to myself",
"view_count": 753
} | [
{
"body": "Wikipedia has a [list of Japanese personal\npronouns](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_pronouns#List_of_Japanese_personal_pronouns)\nwhich indicates formality and gender information.\n\nDepending on whether you want to use a gender neutral word or not, and what\nsetting it is, you could use any of the following:\n\n> わたし（neutral） - In formal or polite contexts, this is gender neutral, but\n> when used in informal or casual contexts, it is usually perceived as\n> feminine.\n>\n> わたくし（neutral） - The most formal polite form.\n>\n> われ（neutral） - Used in literary style. Also used as rude second person in\n> western dialects.\n>\n> ぼく（more male than female） - Used when casually giving deference; \"servant\"\n> uses the same kanji. (僕 shimobe), especially a male one, from a Sino-\n> Japanese word. Can also be used as a second-person pronoun toward children.\n> (English equivalent – \"kid\" or \"squirt\".)\n>\n> あたい（female） - Slang version of あたし atashi.\n>\n> あたし（female） - A feminine pronoun that strains from わたし (\"watashi\"). Rarely\n> used in written language, but common in conversation, especially among\n> younger women.\n>\n> あたくし（female）\n>\n> うち（mostly female） - Means \"one's own\". Often used in western dialects\n> especially the Kansai dialect. Generally written in kana. Plural form uchi-\n> ra is used by both genders. Singular form is also used by both sexes when\n> talking about the household, e.g., \"uchi no neko\" (\"my/our cat\"), \"uchi no\n> chichi-oya\" (\"my father\"); also used in less formal business speech to mean\n> \"our company\", e.g., \"uchi wa sandai no rekkaasha ga aru\" (\"we (our company)\n> have three tow-trucks\").\n\nYou can also refer to yourself by using your own name. That would be informal\nand sound a bit childish, however.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-30T04:22:33.107",
"id": "33231",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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| 33229 | 33231 | 33231 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33245",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've noticed some dictionaries give two different results for the polite form\nof the conditional form, I'll use the verb 戦う for example.\n\nI am familiar with 戦いませば but not with 戦いますれば.\n\nSome dictionaries give just one, others give both.\n\nIs there a difference in these two in anyway?\n\nAre both frequently used?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-30T05:03:41.497",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33233",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-30T17:44:01.220",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-30T06:43:43.317",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "14020",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"verbs",
"classical-japanese",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "Two different polite forms of the conditional conjugation",
"view_count": 465
} | [
{
"body": "Neither is common. In fact, 戦いませば and 戦いますれば are almost _never_ used in modern\nJapanese. You have to use 戦いましたら.\n\n * I sometimes hear stereotyped samurai in samurai dramas say 戦いますれば. It's indeed \"if (someone) fights\" said in a polite way. It's \"stereotyped samurai-ish speech\", but I don't know whether old people actually talked like this. People never use it today except as a joke.\n * いませば is occasionally found in archaic Japanese documents, Bible translations, hymn books, and so on. But actually it's [在【いま】す](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%9C%A8%E3%81%99) followed by ば.\n * 戦いませば, ございませば, ありませば, etc. should be extremely rare, and I would say it's nearly wrong (but apparently a few people seem to use ございませば...). If used, it would leave a very literary, archaic, and/or odd impression.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-30T10:33:47.350",
"id": "33245",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-30T17:44:01.220",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-30T17:44:01.220",
"last_editor_user_id": "5229",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "33233",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 7
}
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| 33233 | 33245 | 33245 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have problems with understanding a particular line from a Japanese novel and\nneed some help. The scene is about a little girl practicing her sword skills\nwith her father. Just before the line I had problem with, the girl was\nparrying a diagonal slash from her father (対敵の振り下ろす袈裟切りの一刀に立ち向かう).\n\nThen comes this line:\n成長途上の体で受けきるには荷が勝ちすぎる一撃を、しかし少女は全身のバネを駆使して斜めに流すことによって凌ぎ切った。\n\nMy problem is identifying what 「斜めに流すこと」 is referring to?\n\n 1. Is it referring to the diagonal slash? (that is to say, 'as a result of the slash being diagonal, the girl was able to deftly use the elasticity of her whole body to stop it')\n\n 2. Or is it referring to the stance the girl is taking?\n\nMy current belief is (1), but I'm not sure.\n\nThanks in advance.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-30T10:03:35.460",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33242",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-30T17:47:56.213",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-30T11:15:24.570",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "14023",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "What does 斜めに流すこと mean?",
"view_count": 629
} | [
{
"body": "In this context, 流す means change the direction slightly and dodge it.\n\nProbably you can look up 「力を受け流す。」 in your dictionary.\n\nHer father slashed with a sword. It was hard for her to guard and stop the\nsword. But, she could manage to change the direction of the sword and avoided\nserious damage.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-30T10:27:52.990",
"id": "33244",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-30T17:47:56.213",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-30T17:47:56.213",
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"owner_user_id": "8010",
"parent_id": "33242",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 6
}
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| 33242 | null | 33244 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 0,
"body": "As Noguchi walks away from the girls he overhears them whispering something.\nThe narrator says:\n\n> すると五メートルは離れていたはずなのに、野口さんがピクっと立ち止まった。 \n> And then, even though they expected him to be five metres away, he stopped.\n\nI'm confused by the use of は in this sentence. It doesn't seem to be marking a\ntopic (5 metres would be a strange topic). It doesn't seem to be marking\ncontrast (5 meters compared 4.2 metres, 9999 metres etc would be nonsense.\nFurthermore, the girls expectation that he be exactly 5 meters away is also\nsilly.\n\nI'm left with the conclusion that this は must mean 'at least', or that I've\nhopelessly misinterpreted the sentence. Am I correct? Can you provide other\nexamples of when/how I should use は in this way?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-30T10:26:54.887",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33243",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-30T13:13:16.813",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-は"
],
"title": "Can は be used to mean \"at least\"",
"view_count": 132
} | []
| 33243 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33250",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I encountered the following sentence\n\n> ……ものすごく、凝っている！\n\nin the context of a guy giving a boy a doll that the guy himself made\n(outdoors in the winter, but that is probably not relevant).\n\nI suspect that it is pronounced こる because こごる seems to be closely associated\nwith coldness and freezing, but how could I tell he wasn't for example frozen\nstiff by holding out his hand out in the cold weather?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-30T22:53:39.880",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33248",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-31T00:38:19.260",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-31T00:38:19.260",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "10045",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"readings"
],
"title": "When is 凝る pronounced こる vs こごる?",
"view_count": 92
} | [
{
"body": "If there is no furigana attached to this, you can assume it is read as こる. I\ndidn't know this kanji can be read also as こごる and しこる. The verb こごる itself is\nrare, and 凍【こお】る and\n[凍【こご】える](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/77872/meaning/m0u/) are far more\ncommon.\n\nAmong the 59 results for 凝る in BCCWJ corpus, 58 were clearly こる. There was one\nexample about which I was initially unsure （「凝る雲の底を抜いて、小一日空を傾けた雨は…」）, but this\nis an excerpt from an old novel, and it seems to be read as こる, too, according\nto\n[this](https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=FBngWnU3-xEC&lpg=PT272&ots=oudh9saVvH&dq=%E5%87%9D%E3%82%8B%E9%9B%B2%E3%81%AE%E5%BA%95%E3%82%92%E6%8A%9C%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6&hl=ja&pg=PT272#v=onepage&q=%E5%87%9D%E3%82%8B%E9%9B%B2%E3%81%AE%E5%BA%95%E3%82%92%E6%8A%9C%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6&f=false).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T00:33:49.777",
"id": "33250",
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"parent_id": "33248",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 33248 | 33250 | 33250 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33251",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I see a book saying let and make are the meaning of せる. However, I see that\n\"enable\" is a synonym of let and make. So I wonder if these statements are\nsimilar, in the meaning of かのじょはブルスが生きさせる。\n\n> She makes Brews live. \n> She lets Brews live. \n> She makes Brews want to live. \n> She lets Brews want live. \n> She is Brews' will to live. (willpower) \n> She enables Brews' will to live. \n> She enables Brews' to live. \n> She is Brews' intention to live. \n> She is why Brews lives.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T00:12:20.127",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33249",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-03-31T00:28:50.427",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "13925",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"translation",
"verbs"
],
"title": "かのじょはブルスが生きさせる。",
"view_count": 94
} | [
{
"body": "彼女【かのじょ】はブルスが生きさせる means \"Brews makes/lets her live\" or \"Brews enables her to\nlive\". Whether to use \"make/let\" or \"enable\" depends on the context (ie,\nwhether \"she\" wants to die or live).\n\nThis sentence is semantically the same as ブルスが彼女を生きさせる.\n\n * が is the subject marker, so Brews is the one who does the action (=to make/let/allow someone (to) live).\n * は is the topic marker, and [it can often replace を](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/17817/5010). Because there is another subject (ブルス) which is clearly marked with が, \"彼女は\" will be interpreted as the _object_ of the action (ie, the one who is made/allowed to live)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T00:50:05.470",
"id": "33251",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-31T00:55:32.190",
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"parent_id": "33249",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 33249 | 33251 | 33251 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33253",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am making a Japanese verb conjugation app and can not seem to find the\nJapanese equivalent of \"Progressive Form\"\n\nFor example\n\n```\n\n 辞書形 = dictionary form\n 命令形 = imperative form\n 可能形 = potential form\n \n```\n\netc.\n\nwhat is \"progressive form\" in japanese? What term is used by Japanese\ntextbooks?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T01:04:32.137",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33252",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-31T01:37:58.517",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14020",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"words",
"meaning",
"verbs"
],
"title": "what is \"progressive form\" in japanese?",
"view_count": 865
} | [
{
"body": "The Japanese term to refer to _English_ progressive form (eg \"I am sailing\")\nis **進行形** （しんこうけい）. Every middle school students knows this term (they learn\nit in _English_ classes).\n\nBy the way, I doubt there is a special 進行形 conjugation in Japanese. This\nconcept is expressed in Japanese by simply using a [subsidiary\nverb](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18952/5010) いる, preceded by て or で,\npreceded by so-called \"te-form\" of a verb. The \"te-form\" is known as one of\nthe 連用形 to Japanese students who learn Japanese grammar at middle school.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T01:31:10.277",
"id": "33253",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-31T01:37:58.517",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.740",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "33252",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 33252 | 33253 | 33253 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "33261",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I see a lot of Japanese text shorten the progressive form by removing the い\nfrom いる.\n\n```\n\n 戦っている > 戦ってる\n \n```\n\nI am wondering if it is ever acceptable to do so in other forms of the\nprogressive verb such as the masu form or past tense?\n\n```\n\n 戦っています > 戦ってます?\n 戦っていた > 戦ってた?\n \n```",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T03:17:41.740",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "33254",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-31T07:48:13.340",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14020",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"usage",
"nuances",
"verbs"
],
"title": "What other forms of the progressive verb can be shortened?",
"view_count": 112
} | [
{
"body": "Generally, it can be shortened for very commonly used expressions coming after\nthe ~て form if they begin with another vowel (except u for various reasons,\nunless someone wants to prove me wrong), it can be shortened. Thus the forms\nyou have written are acceptable, and possibly even more common in some\ncontexts. Here are some more situations in which this happens concerning the\n~て form:\n\n~てあげる > ~たげる, e.g. してあげる would become したげる.\n\n~ておる > ~とる, e.g. しておる would become しとる (you wouldn't hear this in modern\nstandard Japanese; it happens in some dialects that still use おる rather than\nいる, but other than that it sounds ridiculously silly in standard Japanese. You\nmight see it in anime and such, though.)\n\nAnd of course, it is grammatical to use the polite ~ます forms in any of these\nsituations.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T07:37:02.920",
"id": "33261",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-31T07:48:13.340",
"last_edit_date": "2016-03-31T07:48:13.340",
"last_editor_user_id": "9596",
"owner_user_id": "9596",
"parent_id": "33254",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "They are all understandable, and I often use them in informal situation.\n\nHowever, it is really hard to use this because some people think this usage is\nwrong; い抜き言葉.\n\nMy understanding is that this is something not used on subtitles of NHK, but\noften used in informal and polite situation.\n\nQ84 of this page, written by a Japanese teacher with 20 years experience, is a\nsimilar question. Her suggestion is to know it but not to use it.\n<http://nhg.pro.tok2.com/qa/doushi-9.htm>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-03-31T07:38:50.263",
"id": "33262",
"last_activity_date": "2016-03-31T07:38:50.263",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "8010",
"parent_id": "33254",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 33254 | 33261 | 33261 |
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