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{
"accepted_answer_id": "34131",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 少し前のことになるが、私は或る評論家がインターネットのウェブサイト上に。。。\n\nGenerally, when I see ことになる, it means something along the lines of \"it is/was\ndecided\". But here, that meaning doesn't seem to apply. What is the nuance\nbeing communicated here (if it helps, this is the first sentence of an essay)?\nWhy not use 少し前のことですが ?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-14T20:28:17.787",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34130",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-15T02:55:26.257",
"last_edit_date": "2016-05-15T02:55:26.257",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "13569",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances",
"phrases"
],
"title": "What is the meaning/nuance of ~ことになる in this context?",
"view_count": 130
} | [
{
"body": "Here it isn't really ことになる as a set phrase, but [...こと]になる; i.e. you can\nsubstitute the first part from something else and still maintain the meaning\nhere.\n\n長い話になるが、 \n\nAs for the \"why not ですが\", IMO using なる feels more like \"it's gonna end up\nbeing\" instead of just \"is\": This story I'm about to tell you is going to end\nup being about something that happened some time ago, but... humour me...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-15T00:12:03.063",
"id": "34131",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-15T00:12:03.063",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "6841",
"parent_id": "34130",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 34130 | 34131 | 34131 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34136",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is the meaning of 商{あきな}いせず? It is common to use the stem verb plus せず\ninstead of the negative form of the verb plus ず?\n\n> 持ち込んだ荷物を商{あきな}いせず",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-15T06:06:04.343",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34135",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-15T06:28:16.460",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "13859",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 商{あきな}いせず?",
"view_count": 145
} | [
{
"body": "> 「[持]{も}ち[込]{こ}んだ[荷物]{にもつ}を[商]{あきな}いせず」\n\n「商い」 means \"business\", \"vending\", etc.\n\n「せず」＝「しない」 in meaning.\n\n「商いせず」, therefore, means \"not selling\", \"not trading\", etc.\n\nThe whole phrase, thus, means **_\"(Someone is) not selling the stuff that he\nhas brought in.\"_**",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-15T06:28:16.460",
"id": "34136",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-15T06:28:16.460",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 34135 | 34136 | 34136 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34138",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Take the below as an example\n\n> では私達は先に行くとするわ。ごきげんよう、皆さん.\n\nWhat is the difference between saying 行くとする and 行く and 行こうとする\n\nI've seen a lot of explanations for とする that use the meaning of \"assume\" which\ndoesn't quite make sense with me.\n\nようとする from my understanding means to to attempt to do something.\n\nBut I don't quite see what 行くとする would mean.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-15T08:03:36.927",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34137",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-29T02:00:51.650",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "14427",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 22,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does verb+とする mean?",
"view_count": 3624
} | [
{
"body": "I will try to concentrate on the usage of 「～～とする」 in your specific example as\n「～～とする」 has a few meanings that are **_vastly_** different from one another.\nThe meanings vary depending on the context and/or what words come right in\nfront of 「とする」.\n\nIt might be of help to remember that all of those meanings have to do with \"\n** _making a decision of some sort_** \".\n\n> 「では[私達]{わたしたち}は[先]{さき}に[行]{い}く **とする** わ。ごきげんよう、[皆]{みな}さん。」\n\nIn this context,\n\n> 「Verb in Dictionary Form + **と** + **する** 」\n\nmeans \" ** _to proceed to perform a new action (by quitting what one is\ncurrently doing)_** \".\n\nNew action: leaving before the others leave. （先に行く）\n\nOld action: being/staying there.\n\nThus, the phrase 「行こうとする」 cannot replace 「行くとする」 in this context as only the\nlatter can be used in announcing to others your decision to leave.\n\nSo, how do you translate 「行くとする」? Pretty much anything that reflects your\nunderstanding of the nuance \"proceeding to perform a new action (by quitting\nwhat one is currently doing)\" would do.\n\n> \"I think we should get going.\", \"We really hafta get going.\", etc., perhaps?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-15T09:48:14.430",
"id": "34138",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-29T02:00:51.650",
"last_edit_date": "2018-07-29T02:00:51.650",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "34137",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 24
}
]
| 34137 | 34138 | 34138 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34140",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "「話し合って、どうする **と** ？ カルナスの市民を助けるため、この場を明け渡し、みすみす ヴァネッサがパンドーラに向かうのを許せとか？」\n\nWhat と is it in the above?\n\nI think it's the と used to quote, but how does it work in the above?\n\nI guess my question is what do they mean by どうすると?\n\nDoes this mean \"in what way will you tell me to act?\".\n\nOr does it mean something else?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-15T12:28:15.723",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34139",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-15T12:50:41.560",
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"owner_user_id": "14427",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Which と is this in 話し合って、どうすると？",
"view_count": 150
} | [
{
"body": "> 「[話]{はな}し[合]{あ}って、どうする **と** ？」\n\nThat 「と」 is indeed quotative as you guessed. If so, where is the verb that\nfollows the quotative 「と」? **It is just left unmentioned**.\n\nIn meaning, that question is the equivalent of:\n\n> 「話し合って、どうする **と** 言いたいの？」\n>\n> 「話し合って、どうする **と** 言っているの？」\n>\n> 「話し合って、どうする **と** 考えているの？」\n\nNote that the unmentioned subject of the unmentioned verb 言う/考える, etc. is \" _\n**you**_ \" the listener this speaker is talking to.\n\nTo intentionally form a highly unnatural sentence without any words left\nunsaid so that Japanese-learners might understand the original sentence, how\nabout this?\n\n> 「話し合って、どうする **と** 、あなたは言って（or 考えて）いるのですか？」\n>\n> = \"What are you saying/thinking that we should do after talking it over?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-15T12:50:41.560",
"id": "34140",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-15T12:50:41.560",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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}
]
| 34139 | 34140 | 34140 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The article written by Emily Anthes, appearing in the New Yorker, May 12 issue\nunder the title, “The Glossary of Happiness” wraps up with the following\nparagraph:\n\n> Lomas (a lecturer in applied positive psychology at the University of East\n> London) returned to the University of East London and launched the Positive\n> Lexicography Project, an online glossary of untranslatable words. “If you\n> just put them out there and people are aware of them, then—almost like\n> linguistic natural selection—people will find ones that appeal to them, and\n> they might start using them,” Lomas said. If he succeeds, we may stroll\n> through these waning days of spring more aware of aware— **the Japanese noun\n> for “the bittersweetness of a brief, fading moment of transcendent\n> beauty**.”\n\nI can’t think up a Japanese word (noun) equivalent to the notion, “the\nbittersweetness of a brief, fading moment of transcendent beauty” in English.\nWould you suggest me any Japanese counterpart that comes up to your mind?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-15T11:52:13.617",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34141",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-15T13:14:14.323",
"last_edit_date": "2016-05-15T13:05:38.667",
"last_editor_user_id": "542",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"words",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "What is the Japanese word (noun) that means “the bittersweetness of a brief, fading moment of transcendent beauty.”?",
"view_count": 999
} | [
{
"body": "The word the writer meant was 哀れ\n\n> If he succeeds, we may stroll through these waning days of spring more aware\n> of _aware_\n\nIn English, foreign words are often typeset in italics, and this article\nfollows the convention (although your copypaste did not copy the italics\nover.)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-15T12:41:32.670",
"id": "34142",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-15T13:14:14.323",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 10
}
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| 34141 | null | 34142 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34160",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have seen several verbs used with し and する. What is the difference and can\nthey be used interchangeably? Here are a few examples, The dictionary\ntranslates them all the same:\n\nし損なう、損なう、損ないする\n\nAlso are these the same forms below and can they be used in interchangeably\n\nし払う ( i've seen it written as 支払う)、払う、払いする\n\nAnd finally can I do this with any verb?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-15T15:58:26.657",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34143",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-16T13:33:48.333",
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"owner_user_id": "12460",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"usage"
],
"title": "Using し before a verb and する at the end",
"view_count": 553
} | [
{
"body": "仕損なう and 損なう are actually different verbs. Same with 支払う and 払う. What you are\nseeing is probably people just writing hiragana instead of the kanji that is\nsupposed to represent し.\n\n〜する is just the standard \"to do ~ .. \". In your example, 損なう appears as a noun\n損ない, so you can add する just like you can add it to any noun, although many\ntimes you will encounter omission of the particle を。",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-15T16:10:13.193",
"id": "34144",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-15T16:10:13.193",
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{
"body": "し損なう is a compound verb, consisting of the continuative form (連用形) of the verb\nする + the verb 損なう, meaning \"fail to do (correctly)\" \"to miss (the chance to\ndo~~)\", e.g.\n\n> 計算をし損なう \"make an error in calculation\" \n> 留学をし損なう \"missed the chance to go study abroad\"\n\n(You can also say 計算しそこなう / 留学しそこなう, leaving out を. In this case, you could\nsee them as compound verbs consisting of \"する-verb 「計算する/留学する」+ verb 「損なう」\",\nrather than \"noun「計算/留学」+ compound verb「し損なう」\".)\n\n損なう is a verb meaning \"to ruin/spoil/hurt\", e.g.\n\n> 健康を損なう \"ruin/lose one's health\" \n> 友情を損なう \"lose friendship\"\n\nAnd 損なう can be attached to another verb to make a compound verb, such as し損なう,\nand:\n\n> 乗りそこなう \"fail to catch → miss (a train, bus, etc.)\". \n> 撃ち損なう \"miss the mark/shot\"\n\nI don't think we say 損ないする.\n\n* * *\n\n支払う is a verb (not a compound verb する + 払う), meaning \"to pay (money/bill)\". \n[Edit: As in @broccoliforest's comment, 支払う is derived from し (continuative\nform of verb する) + 払う (verb \"pay\").] \n払う can be used for ほこりを払う \"to brush/dust\", 注意を払う \"to pay (attention)\", as well\nas for \"to pay (money/bill)\". I think 払う is more casual and less formal, and\n支払う is more used in a formal/business situation. \nI don't think we say 払いする, but you can say 支払いをする: noun 「支払い」(payment) +\nobject particle 「を」 + verb 「する」.\n\n[Edit: You don't use just 「損ない + verb する」「払い + verb する」(turning 損ない/払い into a\nする-verb), but if you're referring to phrases like 「損ないはする」「払いはする」, you can say\nlike 「損ない+は+しない」「払い+は+しない」「損ない+は+する(が～)」「払い+は+する(が～)」etc. and it's a different\nusage than simply turning a noun into a する-verb.)\n\n* * *\n\nSo, my answer to your final question `can I do this with any verb?` is, no,\nyou can not always attach し (continuative form of する) to the top of a verb,\nand not all nouns can be used for a する-verb.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-16T07:23:06.817",
"id": "34160",
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| 34143 | 34160 | 34160 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34147",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 彼は円をドルに両替した。 \n> He exchanged yen for dollars. \n> 彼は円をドルと交換した。 \n> He exchanged yen for dollars.\n\nI am not sure I understand why in one sentence に is used yet in the second\nsentence と is used. Could と and に be used interchangeably in this situation?\nWould the meaning be slightly different?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-15T17:10:22.393",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34146",
"last_activity_date": "2022-01-29T04:10:28.660",
"last_edit_date": "2022-01-29T04:09:30.860",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "12460",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-に",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Can と、に sometimes be Interchanged in a sentence? 彼は円をドルに/と両替した。",
"view_count": 150
} | [
{
"body": "In cases like this they are sometimes interchangeable, but are also often\nidiomatically used with certain verbs (a collocation).\n\nThink of に as Ａ→Ｂ and と as Ａ↔Ｂ:\n\n> 円をドルに両替した。 \n> Change yen into dollars. (I give you yen, I get dollars) \n> 円をドルと交換した。 \n> Exchange yen for dollars (I give you yen, you give me dollars).",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-15T17:17:34.033",
"id": "34147",
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| 34146 | 34147 | 34147 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34151",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'll start off with the line itself:\n\n> 親公認で付き合えるこの状況だけで、奇跡と思わなくっちゃいけない。\n\nThe line seems simple enough. I know だけ has a few more meanings than just\n\"only\" but none of those appear to fit here either and I get the feeling\n\"only\" is close to what's intended, but not not quite right. Here my literal,\nword-for-word translation: \"In only this situation that I can go out with\nhim/her with parental authorization, I must think it a miracle.\" It's ugly but\nI think it makes sense, save for \"in only this situation\". It's plain my\nunderstanding of that is wrong. How should I be interpreting だけ here?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-15T23:04:42.757",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34149",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-16T09:59:42.940",
"last_edit_date": "2016-05-16T00:27:01.900",
"last_editor_user_id": "11112",
"owner_user_id": "11112",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"particles"
],
"title": "What does だけ mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 907
} | [
{
"body": "> 「[親公認]{おやこうにん}で[付]{つ}き[合]{あ}えるこの[状況]{じょうきょう} **だけで**\n> 、[奇跡]{きせき}と[思]{おも}わなくっちゃいけない。」\n\n「だけで」＝「だけでも」 in this context.\n\nIt means \" ** _even just_** \", expressing the fact that a seemingly bare\nminimal condition would actually look quite satisfactory if one tried to see\nit from another perspective.\n\n> \"Even just this situation where we can go out with our parents' permission,\n> we would need to consider a miracle.\"\n\nIt implies that one should not hope for more too soon.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-16T00:16:25.973",
"id": "34151",
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"score": 8
},
{
"body": "With just [her?] parent's OK to go out, I could only think \"miraculous [is\nlife]\"\n\nSo it could be translated as \"with just ~Q\" in this case.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-16T00:18:58.933",
"id": "34152",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-16T00:18:58.933",
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"score": 1
}
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| 34149 | 34151 | 34151 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34156",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was reading and found the following sentence:\n\n> あんたのために殺し屋の地位を失い闇の世界で迫害され身も心もズタボロになった。\n\nPrevious the same character used おかげで in a similar case:\n\n> ま．．．おかげでたっぷりとあの時やられたお返しができるってワケだ。\n> あんたのおかげで殺し屋としてのあたしの信用がガタ落ち．．．ただブッ殺すだけじゃ気が済まないからねエ…\n\nand:\n\n> そして今度はあんたのせいでその娘【コ】が死ぬ！！\n\nSo I would like to know if there is any difference between ために、せいで、おかげで when\nused to blame someone.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-15T23:53:26.970",
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"id": "34150",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-05-15T23:59:21.077",
"last_editor_user_id": "3770",
"owner_user_id": "3770",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "Difference between ために、せいで、おかげで when blaming someone",
"view_count": 1187
} | [
{
"body": "ために - For your sake, on your behalf \nSo, something was done for person A by person B or C, which person B is angry\nabout over the outcome.\n\nせいで - Because of you \nSomething done by person A or happened due to person A's influence or presence\nwhich person B is angry about.\n\nおかげで - Thanks to you \nSomething done by person A or happened due to person A's influence or presence\nwhich person B is angry about. This has more of a sarcastic meaning.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-16T04:56:07.410",
"id": "34155",
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"parent_id": "34150",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "Used like in the examples you gave: \nために -- owing to; basically just a simple \"because\". \nせいで -- used to pin fault / blame on something / someone. \nおかげで -- like yuu-oniichan said, sarcastic, \"thanks to\"; lit. \"due to the\n(unseen) (favourable) influence of\"\n\nAnd my spin on a translation using them:\n\nあんたのために殺し屋の地位を失い闇の世界で迫害され身も心もズタボロになった。\n\n> Owing to you I lost my station as hitman (woman really, I guess) and ended\n> up getting the literal and figurative shit beaten out of me in the scene\n> (underground / crime world).\n\nま．．．おかげでたっぷりとあの時やられたお返しができるってワケだ。\nあんたのおかげで殺し屋としてのあたしの信用がガタ落ち．．．ただブッ殺すだけじゃ気が済まないからねエ…\n\n> But, you know... thanks to that it means I get to get plenty of payback for\n> the time I took a beating. Thanks to you my rep as a killer is in the\n> gutter... I don't think just butchering you is going to be enough for me...\n\nそして今度はあんたのせいでその娘が死ぬ！！\n\n> And now, because of what you brought on yourself, that one's gonna die!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-16T05:19:48.907",
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| 34150 | 34156 | 34156 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34154",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I need the japanese transcription of the following audios... [audio\n1](http://vocaroo.com/i/s0KSZkDBJmtH) and [audio\n2](http://vocaroo.com/i/s0u5UBXweNa0). These audios are part of the anime Holy\nKnight (OVA).\n\nContext: a vampire girl is captured by the opposing side.\n\nI understand most of it, but I fail to understand what is in brackets...\n\nAudio 1:\n\n> 糟{かす}は命を与えれて現世{げんせい}には[...]なんて信じたくないはなしだ。\n>\n> 神は[ **もえこと** ]なさる。 (what this part mean?)\n\nAudio 2:\n\n> いいね… その喋{しゃべ}りかた… ごみはひっしに[...]しないと生き残れないものね。\n\nOthers links: [Audio 1](https://clyp.it/24u2dlro) [Audio\n2](https://clyp.it/jpw5gohk)",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-16T02:32:38.897",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "13859",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"transcription"
],
"title": "what is the transcription of the following audios?",
"view_count": 98
} | [
{
"body": "I found the dialogs in the last ten minutes of _Holy Knight OVA_ vol.2. Your\ntranscription is almost correct.\n\n> いいね……その喋り方……ごみは必死に **奉仕** しないと生き残れないものね。\n>\n> カス **が** 命を与えられて現世【げんせ】に **まで生きてる** なんて信じたくない話だ。神は **むごいこと** をなさる。\n\nThe consonant //g// in the middle of word is normally reduced to\n[[[ɣ]]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative), which I guess\nyou tend to fail to detect.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-16T04:25:45.353",
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"score": 3
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| 34153 | 34154 | 34154 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34167",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Recently I stumbled upon this passage:\n\n[...] 最高執行責任者は変化の兆しを語る.\n\nThe dictionary reports four readings for 執行: しぎょう、しっこう、しゅうぎょう、 and しゅぎょう。\n\nMoving on with the reading I also found the word 執行役員 that apparently is read\nしっこうやくいん. This makes me think that even in the above case しっこう could be the\nright choice.\n\nActually (instant edit) I just now found that 最高執行責任者 can be translated with\nCOO and it is indeed read as さいこうしっこうせきにんしゃ. Somehow I answered my question by\nmyself then, and しっこう seems a common reading.\n\nRather than deleting my post though, I got curious and I would like to know if\nsomeone could provide words where actually one of the other readings is\nused..otherwise why are they so many?\n\nAlso, let me to use this example in order to ask a more general question. I\nguess we all agree that the 読み方 of some kanji sometimes follows no special\nrules and you just \"have to know it\". However, is this really always the case?\nAre there any tricks that at least might increase the chances of guessing the\ncorrect/most appropriate reading? Thanks.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-16T07:06:05.730",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34157",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-16T10:22:27.793",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14205",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings",
"multiple-readings"
],
"title": "Most common/appropriate reading of 執行",
"view_count": 357
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, you can refer to\n[常用漢字表](http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/nc/k19811001001/k19811001001.html)(Common\nKanji Table) issued by 文部科学省(Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science\nand Technology, Japan).\n\nIt shows you how certain words are pronounced together. After all, this is\nwhat they teach in Japanese schools.\n\nAlso, when you use any dictionary (for example, you can search \"執行\" on\n[weblio.jp](http://www.weblio.jp/)), if you see 呉音/古用 for a pronunciation,\nthat means it's the old style. Think of it as a dialect, or a natural\nevolution of a living language. People living in different time and space are\nbound to have some difference in how they pronounce words.\n\nThirdly, I highly recommend listening to NHK news podcast. Once you hear how\ncertain words are pronounced, you will KNOW it and can even guess how other\ncombinations work.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-16T07:33:50.563",
"id": "34161",
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{
"body": "As for this word 執行, only しっこう is used in \"execution; executive\" sense, and\n[all others belong to obsolete or traditional\nwords](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E5%9F%B7%E8%A1%8C) (mainly for a clerical\nrank that may be comparable to Catholic \"archdeacon\", but I don't really know\nmuch about that).\n\n> _I guess we all agree that the 読み方 of some kanji sometimes follows no\n> special rules and you just \"have to know it\". However, is this really always\n> the case? Are there any tricks that at least might increase the chances of\n> guessing the correct/most appropriate reading?_\n\nUnfortunately, it is. Or in other words, the idea of \"a kanji has multiple\nreadings\" is generally misleading; you should think it as \"multiple words\nshare the same kanji\". Kanji associated with multiple 音読み are just like French\ndoublets in English. English has been historically imported French vocabulary\nat least twice, so that we have _chief_ and _chef_ , _catch_ and _chase_ , or\n_ward_ and _guard_ as distinct words while they were of merely dialectal or\ntemporal difference in French. If French were using ideographs, these pairs\nmust have been written in same characters that pronounced in two different\nways in English. But why doesn't _chief_ mean _chef_ , or _catch_ mean _chase_\n, and vice versa? There's no real accounting for it.\n\nSo, if there's any trick to guess the reading of kanji, it'd be learning the\nmeaning the reading suggests. When they have little semantic difference, try\nto see 呉音/漢音 distinction, usually represents older/newer or daily/technical\ncontext (but ultimately learning one by one). Basically, native speakers know\nmany many Japanese words so that they're able to tell the kanji reading, and I\ndon't think I can read a written word I've never come across in my previous\nlife 100% correctly.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-16T10:05:13.613",
"id": "34167",
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]
| 34157 | 34167 | 34167 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have a long rectangular plastic pot filled with earth that I hang on my\nbalcony rail to grow small vegetables, and I am not sure whether I should call\nit プランター or ウィンドウボックス.\n\n**QUESTION** : What is the fundamental difference between プランター and ウィンドウボックス?\n\nAccording to Wikipedia:\n\n>\n> [ウィンドウボックス](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A6%E3%83%9C%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9)、ウインドウボックス（英語:\n> windowbox, window\n> box）とは、ガーデニング・園芸で植物を育てるために、窓の外側（あるいは内側）に置かれる容器（コンテナ）や、その下の壁面で支えるブラケット（棚受け）のこと。\n>\n>\n> [プランター](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC)（planter）は装飾用の草花を植えたり活けるための鉢や箱の事。\n> イギリスやアメリカでは、planter と flower pot(植木鉢) をほとんど同義に使い、あまり区別をしない。また花器、花瓶をも planter\n> と呼ぶ場合も少なくない。\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OHUQ4m.jpg)[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/bVPLlm.jpg)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-16T08:57:56.783",
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"owner_user_id": "107",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between プランター and ウィンドウボックス",
"view_count": 346
} | [
{
"body": "When you encounter Japanese words in katagana, it always helps to know its\noriginal language. In this case, プランター means \"planter\", and ウィンドウボックス means\n\"window box\".\n\nIf you take a look at Google Image search reasults of these two words, you\nwill find that window boxes are always placed on edges of windows, while\nplanters can be placed on the ground.\n\n**Window Boxes** [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/TueMt.jpg)\n\n**Planters**\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/TwSng.jpg)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-16T09:23:48.423",
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}
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| 34163 | null | 34164 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34172",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Most examples I read, 誰にも is always used in negative verbs. Is there a case in\nwhich 誰にも is used in positive verbs?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-16T12:23:45.563",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34168",
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"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Can 誰にも be used in positive verb?",
"view_count": 1308
} | [
{
"body": "No, `誰にも` is only used in negative verbs.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-16T12:32:58.880",
"id": "34169",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-16T12:32:58.880",
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{
"body": "**「[誰]{だれ}にも + Verb in Positive Form」**\n\nis indeed in active use even among professional writers as you see below.\nWhether or not one should prescriptively call it \"correct\" in a place like\nthis would be a different matter. Truth is, however, that form is quite common\ncurrently in the real Japanese-speaking world.\n\nSo, my answer would have to be: _**Yes, it can.**_\n\nThat is not to say, however, that Japanese-learners should use it whenever\nthey feel like using it. In fact, I recommend that they not use it too often\nuntil they are fluent enough and have developed their feelings for the words\nand phrases.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ycxUa.jpg)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7dzJw.jpg) \n(source: [messia.com](http://messia.com/reiki/book5/cover.jpg))",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-16T12:56:40.390",
"id": "34172",
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"score": 14
},
{
"body": "Yes, but it's limited to a few things like in the accepted answer above,\nbecause of the に. Without the に, it becomes 誰もが:\n\n誰もが知っているような歴史人物 — a historical character everyone knows.\n\nThese are literary usages, though. In normal conversational Japanese 誰でも is\nused.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-17T08:23:54.680",
"id": "34187",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 34168 | 34172 | 34172 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Trying to understand a technical standard that I have to use but my skills are\napparently too weak as I cannot grasp the meaning:\n\n> 固有の特徴は，機能面の特徴又は品質面の特徴として分類することができる。\n\nIn the classification of functions/features to be either functional or\nquality-related but I am not sure whether that would be accurate.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-16T17:57:14.147",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34177",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-16T21:24:58.167",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14446",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning in a technical standard",
"view_count": 69
} | [
{
"body": "Does simplifying it to the following help? \nＡは、Ｂ面のＡ、または、Ｃ面のＡとして分類する\n\n固有の特徴は，機能面の特徴又は品質面の特徴として分類することができる。 \nCharacteristic features can be divided in terms of function or quality.\n\nThat is, the inherent / unique properties of something can be divided /\nclassified into groups based on whether those properties are something that\nthe thing can perform (function), or with respect to quality (lack of defects\netc?).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-16T21:24:58.167",
"id": "34181",
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"parent_id": "34177",
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}
]
| 34177 | null | 34181 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34192",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I have trouble understanding the usage of ものの in the following sentence:\n\n> 病気が初期に見つかったからいい＿＿、もう少し発見が遅かったら命が危なかった。\n>\n> A. とばかりに\n>\n> B. かと思いきや\n>\n> C. というものの\n>\n> D. ようなものの\n\nThe right answer is D.\n\nHowever, I think the answer should be C (according to\n[this](https://www.renshuu.org/grammar/161/%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%81%AE)). I\ncouldn't find any resources pointing out the usage of ようなものの.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-16T22:42:29.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34182",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-23T02:09:04.557",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "1053",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"jlpt",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "The usage of ものの",
"view_count": 1407
} | [
{
"body": "To me, D sounds more popular than C, but C is acceptable as well. In case of\nC, I prefer to say 病気が初期に見つかったからいいとはいうものの.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-17T11:04:23.250",
"id": "34188",
"last_activity_date": "2017-04-23T02:09:04.557",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-23T02:09:04.557",
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},
{
"body": "As @chocolate already cited in the comment, despite the looking, this question\nisn't actually asking about usage of \"though\", but knowledge of the idiom `X\nからいい（ような）ものの Y`, which roughly means \"Just lucky that X, (otherwise) Y\". I\nguess most native speakers would come up with this phrase when they've read to\nthe part からいい.\n\nFor the possibility whether other choices could be true... well, purely\ngrammatically speaking, C and B also have chances being \"valid\" (of course,\nonly in very complicated situations that need a paragraph about the story so\nfar). It however seems that they carefully chose wordings that none of other\nsound natural. If C were just ものの, the construction still works. Or it could\nbe [とはいうものの](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/159821/meaning/m0u/), in this case\nit'd mean \"X, that said, Y\" and at least make sense.\n\n* * *\n\n**PS** \nIf you filled in C, the sentence would be like:\n\n> Despite being said that it was okay because the disease was detected in\n> early stage, my life would be threatened if the detection were just a little\n> later.\n\nor B:\n\n> Contrary to expectation that it was okay because the disease was detected in\n> early stage, my life would be threatened if the detection were just a little\n> later.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-17T16:48:17.867",
"id": "34192",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 34182 | 34192 | 34192 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34184",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In English, when we have three or more items, only the last \"and\" is kept, and\nthe rest are omitted.\n\n> I like fish, curry, sausage, and honey.\n\nWhat is the standard way to list multiple items in Japanese?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-17T03:58:28.437",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34183",
"last_activity_date": "2019-11-09T23:28:56.763",
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"owner_user_id": "9838",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Listing three or more items",
"view_count": 5503
} | [
{
"body": "As stated in\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/17732/can-%E3%81%A8-and-%E3%82%84-be-\nused-in-a-sentence-for-a-list-of-things) other answer,\n\n> 趣味はスキー **や** ゴルフ、英語と日本語の勉強、カラオケなどです\n>\n> When making longer lists of things, Japanese typically works, unsurprisingly\n> perhaps, in the reverse of English, with further conjunctions omitted.\n\nNotice that \"や\" is only attached to the first element, and omitted afterwards.\n\nYou can see another example of this in\n[this](http://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/easy/k10010522221000/k10010522221000.html)\narticle:\n\n> アメリカ **や** イギリス、フランスなど７つの国の大統領や首相が集まる会議",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-17T03:58:28.437",
"id": "34184",
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}
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| 34183 | 34184 | 34184 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am going on to WWOOF in Hokkaido soon (a programme where you help out at a\ncafe/pension/farm in exchange for room). Kind of like a working holiday.\n\nI am just starting to learn Japanese so the following part is rather beyond me\nat the moment:--\n\nI would like to ask/check with my host via email what I need to bring there,\nand I also want to state some examples, for e.g. (i) do I need to bring my own\ntoiletries such as shampoo and conditioner, washing powder (ii) whether any\nspecial work clothes or items are needed, such as gloves, aprons etc.\nBasically what things I should bring there.\n\nHow should I ask these questions in Japanese politely? \nIs it something like:\n\n> 何か必要なものを持っていますか？ \n> たとえば せんざいとシャーワのアイテムなど、そしてほかの必要な物など？\n\nI appreciate if you could include romaji translation to help me read the kanji\neasier (also for me to learn to read that word). Gomen nasai >_<\n\nP.S. \nIf you could think of other things I should ask my host, or how I should end\nthe email politely, feel free to include the extra phrases here :)",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-17T06:31:56.477",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34185",
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"owner_user_id": "14452",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"verbs",
"particle-を"
],
"title": "How to ask \"What are the necessary things to bring?\"",
"view_count": 1973
} | [
{
"body": "> 何か必要なものを持っていますか？\n\nThis happens to be a perfectly grammatical (although a bit puzzling) Japanese\nsentence, but it means \"Do you have something which is necessary?\" You are\nasking if your host family has something, not yourself.\n\n * When you want to ask \"What is ～?\", the basic structure is \"～は何ですか？\"\n * You can safely use 必要なもの (\"necessary thing(s)\").\n * Or you can say 持って行くもの (\"thing(s) to bring\"). Generally, \"thing(s) to [verb]\" can be translated as \"[verb (dictionary form)] + もの\". (eg. 食べるもの \"things to eat\")\n * There are a number of ways to say \"have to ～\" or \"must ～\" in Japanese, but here's how to say \"need to ～\" in Japanese: [What is the equivalent use of need and need + Verb?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/4669/5010)\n\nSo here are the simplest possible expressions:\n\n> * 必要【ひつよう】なものは何【なに】ですか? (lit. \"What is the thing which is necessary?\")\n> * 持【も】って行【い】くものは何ですか? (lit. \"What is the thing to bring?\")\n> * 何を持って行く必要がありますか? (lit. \"What do I need to bring?\")\n>\n\n* * *\n\n> たとえば せんざいとシャーワのアイテムなど、そしてほかの必要な物など？\n\nThis sentence is not the most natural one, but at least you can make yourself\nunderstood. (Well, _Shower_ is シャワー, not シャーワ)",
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| 34185 | null | 34191 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34190",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In my opinion, they both share the same meaning of \"~, isn't it\". However, it\nseems that they cannot be used interchangeably. For example, in the following\nsentence, according to my mock exam textbook, ではないだろうか is correct for ＿＿ but\nnot だろうか .\n\n> ラブレターや海外からの絵葉書をメールで代用するのはおそらく無理 ＿＿。",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-17T13:26:21.520",
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"id": "34189",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "1053",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 13,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Difference between だろうか and ではないだろうか",
"view_count": 9586
} | [
{
"body": "In the descending order of certainty:\n\n * ～だろう = \"I think (some clause).\" The speaker thinks the clause is probably (or almost certainly) true.\n * **～ではないだろうか** = \"I think (some clause), isn't it?\" The speaker thinks the clause is perhaps true, but he's less certain as compared to the first sentence.\n * ～だろうか = \"I wonder whether or not (some clause).\" The speaker doesn't know if the clause is true or false. **You cannot add 恐らく to this sentence** because the speaker is totally unsure.\n * ～ではないだろう = \"I don't think (some clause).\" The speaker thinks the clause is probably _not_ true.\n\n> * 彼は（恐らく）大丈夫だろう。 He must be okay.\n> * 彼は（恐らく）大丈夫ではないだろうか。 I think he is okay.\n> * 彼は大丈夫だろうか。 I wonder if he is okay. / I'm worried if he's okay.\n> * 彼は（恐らく）大丈夫ではないだろう。 He must not be okay.\n>\n\nIn the example sentence, the speaker is saying \"It's _probably_ impossible\n(無理) to use e-mails in place of ...\", so 恐らく無理ではないだろうか is the correct phrase.\n恐らく無理だろう is equally fine. The existence of the word 恐らく is what makes ～だろうか\nwrong. You can't usually say \"I wonder if he is _probably_ fine.\" in English,\neither.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-17T15:40:51.703",
"id": "34190",
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"score": 18
}
]
| 34189 | 34190 | 34190 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34196",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> Maruko:「おとおさんはちょっとは遠慮{えんりょ}しながら食{た}べてよ」 \n> Dad:「いいんじゃよ」 \n> Grandad:「そうじゃよ、みんなたくさん食べればいいよ」\n\nMaruko is telling dad to hold back a bit while eating (because the food is a\nway to thank her grandad).\n\nI don't understand whether じゃ is a positive or negative predicate. I assume\nit's short for じゃない and hence negative. Both options seem to lead to a logical\ncontradiction though.\n\nPositive:\n\n> Dad should hold back a little while eating \n> That's okay \n> That's right. Everyone should eat alot\n\nNegative:\n\n> Dad should hold back a little while eating \n> That's not good \n> That's wrong. Everyone should eat alot\n\nI guess if it's negative and both grandad and dad are replying to Maruko's\nstatement then it makes sense i.e. they both agree that what Maruko said is\nwrong. I find these negated endings like いいんじゃない really confusing as to\nwhether there positive, negative, rhetorical etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-17T19:17:29.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34193",
"last_activity_date": "2021-08-30T02:54:34.713",
"last_edit_date": "2019-11-13T04:57:23.497",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"role-language"
],
"title": "Sentence ending じゃよ",
"view_count": 1600
} | [
{
"body": "\"じゃ\" is sometimes used to mean \"だ” in some older men's speech. I have heard\nthe expression \"じゃのう〜\" in several places before, but never ”じゃよ\".\n\nI did a little searching and it seems this style of speech is actually still\nused today in Okayama prefecture, by men and women, regardless of age\n([Source](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1489975449))\n\nAnother thing that page talks about is how authors will use variations in\nspeech style in order to help differentiate who is talking. In your example,\nit says who is saying each phrase, but often in Manga and Novels it doesn't\nlay it out cleanly like that.\n\nSo I think for your purposes, you can just treat \"じゃよ\" as ”だよ\"\n\nEDIT: [Here](http://smcb.jp/ques/31378) is another discussion (in Japanese)\nabout using \"じゃ\"",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-17T19:44:57.180",
"id": "34194",
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{
"body": "This is called 「[役割語]{やくわりご}」 = \"role language\".\n\n役割語 is _**often**_ used in fiction to \"help\" the readers/viewers\n_**envision**_ certain age/gender/profession/social status, etc. groups. It is\nmostly imaginary and it relies heavily on the stereotypes people (secretly)\nhave about others.\n\n(This is why I keep telling Japanese-learners to be careful with children's\nstories as the largest amount of 役割語 is indeed found in children's stories.)\n\n「じゃよ」 here is clearly the 役割語 for 「だよ」 in Standard Japanese. As you know,\nMaruko's family lives in Shimizu, Shizuoka and they speak pretty \"standard\"\nexcept for the occasional use of 役割語. 「じゃよ」 is the affirmative sentence-ender\nthat people \"expect\" older characters to use in fiction (if they grow up in\nthe Japanese language). It does not really matter whether or not that is\nactually a common sentence-ender for older people in Shimizu in real life.\nThis is fiction, not a documentary.\n\nOne also needs to know that many 役割語 often happen to be actual dialectal words\nborrowed from all over Japan. That is because 役割語 still has to make sense. You\nrarely create completely new words that no one would be familiar with.\nEverything a character says _**must sound at least somewhat familiar**_.\n\nNot sure how you end up thinking 「じゃよ」 would be negative. It is affirmative\nall the way (just as 「だよ」 is). You may have a tendency to let your own\n\"translated words\" get in your way of understanding.\n\n> Maruko: \"You should slow down, Dad.\" ← in regards to how Dad is eating.\n>\n> Dad: \"It's O.k. (for me to eat like this).\" ← affirms his own action and\n> intention to keep doing the same.\n>\n> Grandad: \"That's right; We should all eat a lot.\" ← affirms Dad's statement.\n\nYou probably thought Dad was denying Maruko's statement. He actually is in a\nsense, but the words he uses are positive - \"Yes, it's OK for me to eat like\nthis!\"\n\nAnd then, Grandad affirms Dad's statement by saying \"That's right!\" = 「そうじゃよ」.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-18T00:25:28.013",
"id": "34196",
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| 34193 | 34196 | 34196 |
{
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"body": "> 「お兄ちゃん、わたし、病気のことなんとなく分かっていた。」 「どうせお兄ちゃんのことだから一人で悩んでいるんじゃないかと思ったけど」\n\nI don't really see what would come after the けど in this sentence. Can anyone\nhelp explain?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-17T20:12:55.713",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34195",
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"owner_user_id": "14457",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does this けど at the end of the sentence mean?",
"view_count": 1223
} | []
| 34195 | null | null |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34198",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In a Shimajiro educational book I saw a line similar to this:\n\n> ___ちゃんが知ってる乗り物は何ですか？\n\n(the actual one had less Kanji but you get the point)\n\nThe question is why was ちゃん used here as a generic term. I thought ちゃん was\nused more for girls and くん for boys, and since I think the audience for\nShimajiro might be more boys, why didn't they choose くん here? Or is ちゃん\nactually a more neutral term?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-18T00:50:57.583",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34197",
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"owner_user_id": "11825",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"pronouns"
],
"title": "use of 〜ちゃん as a generic term",
"view_count": 1000
} | [
{
"body": "It's common to use ちゃん regardless of their sex when they're are very small...\nroughly under 6 years old or so.\n\n<http://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/983087.html>\n\n> 平均的なところでは， \n> ○ **未就学児は男女問わず「ちゃん」** \n> ○小学生～高校生は男子が「君」，女子が「さん」 \n> ○大学生以上の学生，社会人（18歳未満でも）は「さん」 \n> ○ただし政治面など硬めのニュースでは男女問わず「氏」",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-18T00:58:06.827",
"id": "34198",
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{
"body": "さん is the most common courtesy title to be used for both males and females.\nIt’s like Mr., Mrs., and Miss.\n\nちゃん is more casual and intimate form of さん, which is used between or among\nclose friends and colleagues of both male and female, and notably among\nchildren.\n\nBut, ちゃん is neither gender or age specific. I’m 83 year-old man and called as\n\"Oishi-san\" in most occasions of social association, but still addressed by\nthe pet name of “Yo-chan” at an informal event such as local community\nactivities and high school and college class reunions. In turn, I call my\nfriends back by referring them \"XX ちゃん.\"\n\nI've witnessed some Chairmen and Presidents of big companies were calling\ntheir peers by XX ちゃん each other during small talks at buffet parties of\nbusiness leaders' social gatherings.\n\n君（くん）is used between the persons at exactly same level in terms of social\nposition and status or to one's subordinate(s).\n\n氏 is a formal way of calling the third parties as often found in the reports\nand articles of newspapers when they refer to a person’s name. When you are\ninvolved in a criminal case, you are deprived of the right to be called by\nhonorific title, and simply referred by name only.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-21T11:41:09.207",
"id": "34257",
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| 34197 | 34198 | 34198 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34232",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "From [this goo post](http://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/922050.html):\n\n> 確かに顔を見たことはありませんでした。 でも普通アパートって隣の顔を見たり、接点持ったりとかあまりないですよね？\n> ただ今回は相手の方もうるさくないと思って聞いてたそうで、また性格のよさそうな人だったので、 **良かったでした** 。\n\nIs this a mistake, or is this actually grammatically correct? If so, what\nwould be the difference between this and simply \"よかったです\"?",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-18T01:47:31.060",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34199",
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"owner_user_id": "9838",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "「よかったでした」？ Is this correct?",
"view_count": 2214
} | [
{
"body": "良かった、良かったです、良かったと思います are proper Japanese. 良かったでした is a very awkward and wrong\nexpression, even though it's could be a joking way of saying. I strongly\nrecommend you not to use such a damned expression, unless you wish to look\nlike a 変な外人.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-20T00:58:18.117",
"id": "34232",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 34199 | 34232 | 34232 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34204",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been told that the translation of the following sentence:\n\n１００年以上続く古い会社なんで不便もたまにあります\n\nis: This company has been established for more than 100 years, so it is\nsometimes inconvenient with many things.\n\nI understand both parts of the sentence, but I don't get the connection なんで.\nNot even in the dictionary says that なんで's meaning is \"so\". The only meaning\nof なんで I know is \"why?\" but here it makes no sense.\n\nThank you",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-18T06:54:09.233",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34202",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-18T07:33:43.090",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9478",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of なんで here and why?",
"view_count": 336
} | [
{
"body": "In this sentence, なんで is a contraction of なので. Not the same thing as the usual\nなんで which is used in questions like なんで食べない？.\n\nなので means **so** (expressing consequence).\n\n```\n\n cause なので consequence\n cause なんで consequence\n \n```\n\n`なんで` is more casual, but not as casual as だから.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-18T07:33:43.090",
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"score": 5
}
]
| 34202 | 34204 | 34204 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Does うららか mean \"beautiful\" (as in \"beautiful weather\") in the sentence below?\n\n> うららかな午後に、新木場で起きた事故で電車ビタ止まり。\n\nWritten by a Japanese colleague on our discussion server.\n\nGoogle Image Search does not show nice weather in particular when searching\nfor うららか or うららかな午後.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-18T06:57:57.693",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"definitions"
],
"title": "Meaning of うららか in うららかな午後に",
"view_count": 152
} | [
{
"body": "\"Beautiful\" is surely included in the meaning of 「うららか」, but its more\nimportant base meaning is \"spring-like\" (\"printanier\" in your language). In\nthe world of haiku, 「うららか」 simply means \"spring\" itself.\n\nA very beautiful day in any other seasons would usually not be described as\n「うららか」by native speakers regardless of how beautiful the day is. It just feels\nwrong to do so.\n\nIt is such an elegant word that it is difficult to translate except for saying\nthat it is along the lines of \" ** _peaceful, beautiful, refreshing and\nspring-like_** \".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-18T07:49:59.060",
"id": "34205",
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| 34203 | null | 34205 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34207",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "As mentioned, what is the actual meaning of の in 現金の受け取り役? I found the\nexpression in a recent news article and have been wondering about its meaning.\n\nThe full sentence is\n\n> 少年は現金 **の** 受け取り役とみられ、「指示に従い、受け取りにいったのは事実です」と供述しているという。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-18T12:00:48.250",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34206",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-18T14:04:32.523",
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"owner_user_id": "14466",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-の"
],
"title": "Meaning of の in 「現金の受け取り役」",
"view_count": 313
} | [
{
"body": "I think this の is used in indicating an objective. 現金の受け取り means \"receiving\nmoney\". For example, 本の配達(delivering books)、食事の支度(preparing foods).\n\n格助詞1シ <http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/171157/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%AE/>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-18T12:45:27.090",
"id": "34207",
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{
"body": "現金の受け取り役 means \"receiver of money\". It stands for relationship of possession.\n(\"Receiver for money\" or something might be more natural sounding English, I'm\nnot sure.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-18T14:04:32.523",
"id": "34208",
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"score": 0
}
]
| 34206 | 34207 | 34207 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34210",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 「朝、起きる」という基本中の基本の生活習慣が身に＿＿次の行為へとつながっていくのだ。\n\nI think that both「ついてこそ」and「ついたからこそ」can be fit into the above sentence.\nHowever, the textbook gives「ついてこそ」as the right answer and I don't know why.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-18T19:50:02.487",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34209",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"jlpt"
],
"title": "Difference between てこそ and からこそ",
"view_count": 942
} | [
{
"body": "Using ～た sounds like it's confined to one specific instance and not a general\nstatement. If the rest of the sentence was also ～た it would be ok IMO, but\nagain different from what the general statement is saying.\n\nThink also about what ～て implies with respect to aspect: completeness of the\naction.\n\nIt is precisely by having got into the most routine of routines -- get up in\nthe morning -- that one can move on to other activities.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-18T20:08:15.213",
"id": "34210",
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{
"body": "「朝、起きる」という生活習慣が身についてこそ、次の行為へとつながっていくのだ。 Only when you acquire/learn the habit\nof getting up early, the next step will follow.\n\n「朝、起きる」という生活習慣が身についたからこそ、次の行為へとつながったのだ。(or つながっていったのだ。）。Only because he\nacquired/learned the habit of getting up early, his next step followed.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-07T06:51:32.160",
"id": "35736",
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"score": 2
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]
| 34209 | 34210 | 35736 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am just beginning to read book reviews in Japanese, starting with [this\none](http://syousetsu-subaru.shueisha.co.jp/review/index.html) at 小説すばる. I'm\nnoticing that quite often the kanji 書 appears by itself, in phrases like:\n\n> 書の内容\n>\n> 幅広いジャンルの書\n>\n> さまざまな書に敬意を払い\n\nand the like. The dictionaries I've found are not clear as to whether in this\nusage it would be pronounced しょ / ふみ / かき / がき (different possibilities I have\nfound).\n\nAny thoughts on what is correct here? Also, is it something used this way only\nin written language? In real life would you just say 本の内容 etc.?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-18T22:01:54.983",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34211",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-19T00:11:28.310",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "14470",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "Pronunciation of 書 when by itself (meaning \"book\" / \"piece of writing\")",
"view_count": 351
} | [
{
"body": "In every one of your three examples, 「書」 is read 「しょ」. Read it differently in\nany one of those and you will sound just \"wronger\" than you want to.\n\n**_Formal/Technical vs. Informal/Non-Technical:_**\n\nBrush Calligraphy: [書]{しょ}・[書道]{しょどう} vs. [習字]{しゅうじ}\n\nBooks: [書]{しょ}・[書籍]{しょせき}・[書物]{しょもつ} vs. [本]{ほん}\n\nLetters: [書]{しょ}・[書簡]{しょかん} vs. [手紙]{てがみ}\n\nFor the 「ふみ」 reading, we have 「[書読]{ふみよ}み」, which means \"scholar\", but in\nschools, you will learn to write it as 「文読み」 for the same reading.\n\nThe 「かき」/「がき」 readings will only be found as part of words such as\n「お[品書]{しながき}」= \"menu\", 「[手書]{てがき}」 = \"hand-writing\", etc.\n\n> \"Also, is it something used this way only in written language? In real life\n> would you just say [本]{ほん}の[内容]{ないよう} etc.?\"\n\nGenerally speaking, yes, but perhaps not exclusively so because \"daily\nlanguage\" is different for everyone. Though highly unlikely, there might be\npeople out there who use 「書」 every time he refers to a book.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-19T00:11:28.310",
"id": "34214",
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}
]
| 34211 | null | 34214 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34217",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "From my newbie understanding, isn't \"I think\" and \"I'm called\" which is \"My\nname is\", the same phrase?\n\n```\n\n .... to moushimasu -> ... I think\n Bill to moushimasu -> I'm called or my name is Bill\n \n```\n\nOr did I get it wrong?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-19T00:26:42.990",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34215",
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"owner_user_id": "11051",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"phrases"
],
"title": "I'm called and I think -- the same?",
"view_count": 14717
} | [
{
"body": "\"と申します\" (to moushimasu) is a more formal way to say \"と言う\" (to iu), which both\nmean \"to say\". As you say \"name + to moushimasu\" is one way to introduce\nyourself.\n\nKeep in mind while this can translate to the English phrase \"I'm called ~\", it\ndoesn't literally mean that. \"と呼ばれる\" (to yobareru) would be a closer literal\nmatch for that, though not commonly used for introducing yourself.\n\nAnother way to introduce yourself is \"name + desu\", where \"desu\" just means\n\"is\". But the \"と申します\" I think is the safest option.\n\nThere are several ways to say \"I think\", but one of the more common ones is\n\"と思います\" (to omoimasu), which does sound a little like \"to moushimasu\", which\nmaybe is why you confused the two.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-19T00:41:25.367",
"id": "34216",
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},
{
"body": "～と[思]{おも}います (to omoimasu) <-- I think\n\n～と[申]{もう}します (to moushimasu) <-- I'm called\n\nThese just sound really similar because they are same letters/sounds.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-19T00:42:24.580",
"id": "34217",
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"owner_user_id": "3916",
"parent_id": "34215",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 9
}
]
| 34215 | 34217 | 34216 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34219",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I heard the word 水脈 sung as みなすじ in a song, and I wouldn't have known what\nword was actually being said if I hadn't had the lyrics present. My dictionary\ndoesn't show that as a possible reading, so I checked the individual kanji\nreadings, and while すじ is indeed the kun-yomi for 脈, みな was only listed for 水\nas nanori. I wanted to ask if this reading has any precedent--that is, if\nsomeone heard this and did not have printed lyrics handy, would they know what\nword this is? Is this a reading that has been used before or regularly enough\nto be associated with the word?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-19T03:02:29.370",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34218",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-19T05:33:45.247",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9596",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"readings"
],
"title": "Is みなすじ a \"Precedented\" Reading of 水脈?",
"view_count": 201
} | [
{
"body": "脈 as すじ is probably rare, but the same meaning is suggested by compound words\nthat use it such as 山脈, where it means a line of something.\n\nAs for みなすじ, it seems to be a word invented by the person who wrote the lyrics\nas far as I can tell from google results. However it follows the rules for old\nwords that use 水 as a prefix: 水面｛みなも｝, 港｛みなと}, 源｛みなもと｝ 水底｛みなそこ｝.\n\nIt's not a piece of standard vocabulary, but I'd say it's definitely \"wordy\"\nenough to use as an author.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-19T03:50:21.817",
"id": "34219",
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"parent_id": "34218",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 34218 | 34219 | 34219 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34222",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm learning Japanese mainly with books and other \"neutral\" sources, but I\nhave a female friend who is helping me with that too.\n\nMy main concern is if the fact that she being a women can makes me sound weird\nor funny to native Japanese people.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-19T14:42:57.313",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34221",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-19T18:23:40.413",
"last_edit_date": "2016-05-19T17:07:47.777",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "14462",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"spoken-language",
"feminine-speech"
],
"title": "Learning Japanese from a female can create bad habits on my form of speak as a male?",
"view_count": 254
} | [
{
"body": "Similar to you, I've studied Japanese with various resources, but the majority\nof the people I've learned conversation from have been women.\n\nOn occasion I've been told by someone close to me that I have said things that\nsound feminine, either in word usage or intonation. I've tried to be careful\nabout that and lately I haven't heard too many complaints in that area. But I\nmay still have a bit of a 'feminine' sound to some of my speech.\n\nFrom a linguistic point of view, make sure you know what constructions can\nsound feminine (〜のよ、そうよ、そうだわ, etc.). Just be aware that it is not black or\nwhite, some expressions like そうね I think can sound a bit feminine (or not\nexactly manly), but I've heard normal men say them.\n\nIntonation is more difficult, and watching/listening to a variety of resources\n(Dramas, movies, podcasts) with male speakers will help. You can try to help\nyour intonation out by practicing speaking lines from various male character,\njust beware that much of the speech in fictional media (anime, etc.) is\nexaggerated and doesn't necessarily express the tonality of people in the real\nworld.\n\nI've noticed I tend to pick up the most language from people that I speak with\nconversationally on a daily basis, so I think it's really good you make\nfriends with one or more Japanese guys. If you can't meet in person, Skype\nshould be fine.\n\nOverall, as long as you have a good balance of male/female speakers in those\nyou speak with the most, I think you will be fine.\n\nAlso, if you want to record yourself saying a basic 自己紹介 and upload the MP3\nhere, maybe some of the native speakers on here can provide feedback about\nyour intonation.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-19T14:52:51.967",
"id": "34222",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-19T14:52:51.967",
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},
{
"body": "In my experience, sounding similar to the sources that you study from (e.g.\ntextbook, anime, women etc.) is almost like a rite of passage as you learn the\nlanguage. But as you learn more and more you'll begin to learn the differences\nin intonation/word choice that fits your particular character, whether it be\nfemale or male. For me, this relates similar to English and how you sound when\nyou're a teenager vs. later in life in say, business contexts. You learn that\ncertain words are inappropriate or sound childish and you replace them for\ntheir \"adult\" equivalents. In summing, I wouldn't worry at all, just be extra\nattentive and experiment and see how native speakers respond to you.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-19T18:23:40.413",
"id": "34227",
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| 34221 | 34222 | 34222 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34226",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What's the appropriate definition for や in this lyric? Can anyone give similar\nexamples of や? jisho.org has this definition (#4) \"interjection expressing\nsurprise\" but that doesn't seem right.\n\n> 僕達このまんまでいいんですか\n>\n> おいどうすんだよ\n>\n> もうどうだっていいや\n\nThis is from the song ロストワンの号哭 (the lost one's weeping)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-19T17:16:44.510",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34224",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "902",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles",
"sentence-final-particles"
],
"title": "Meaning of や in 「もうどうだっていいや」",
"view_count": 522
} | [
{
"body": "According to\n[デジタル大辞泉](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/220994/meaning/m0u/%E3%82%84/) and\n[大辞林](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%82%84-647430#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88),\nthis や is a 終助詞 (sentence ending particle) rather than a 感動詞 (interjection).\n\n> 「 3⃣-2 軽く言い放すような気持ちを表す。『もう、どうでもいい **や** 』」(デジタル大辞泉)\n>\n> 「四-② 軽く言い放つような気持ち，または，なげやりな気持ちを表す。『まあ，いい **や** 』『今さらどうしようもない **や** 』」(大辞林)\n\n* * *\n\nI think や as an \"interjection expressing surprise\" is something like... 「（ 感 ）\n① 驚いた時に発する語。『 **や** 、こんな所にあった』」(大辞林) / 「〘感〙驚きの気持ちを表す。やっ。やあ。『 **や** 、こいつは有り難い』『\n**や** 、あいつはだれだ』」(明鏡国語辞典)",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-19T18:12:42.310",
"id": "34226",
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}
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| 34224 | 34226 | 34226 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "38416",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I think I remember some characters in steins;gate ending sentences with お or\nだお. What does it mean?",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-19T17:30:42.150",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34225",
"last_activity_date": "2017-10-19T19:44:16.470",
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"last_editor_user_id": "902",
"owner_user_id": "902",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"sentence-final-particles",
"internet-slang"
],
"title": "だお (net slang?)",
"view_count": 645
} | [
{
"body": "I'm pretty sure that it came from `～だよ`.\n\nThis is just my opinion but by using `～だお` instead of `～だよ` for a character,\nyou can make him/her sound like a person who is cute, laid back, easy-going,\ngirly, ほんわか、萌え系、のんびり、..., etc.\n\nI think that these characters often don't speak clearly or speak like a little\nboy/girl just to create the characteristics listed above so `y` is dropped in\n`dayo` and it sounds like `dao`.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-08-12T03:29:27.177",
"id": "38416",
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| 34225 | 38416 | 38416 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34229",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm looking for a unique male japanese name that would sound ok in both\nenglish and japanese. Japanese names sound cool, so I am in search of a male\njapanese name for myself. Most nice names were taken by many other people, so\nI'm now considering ねこがみ and ねこやま which don't seem used a lot by people.\nAnother name derived from ねこ that I just figured out is 猫村(ねこむら).\n\nIs it ok for a man to call himself by one of these names in japan? Would it\nsound like a mere nickname? How do I better find a cool male japanese name\nthat isn't used much by people?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-19T21:51:51.170",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34228",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-19T22:19:24.140",
"last_edit_date": "2016-05-19T22:13:59.023",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": null,
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"names"
],
"title": "Is 猫神(ねこがみ) or 猫山(ねこやま) a crazy male japanese name to have?",
"view_count": 196
} | [
{
"body": "I'm not sure what exactly you're going to do with this but there are websites\nlike [this](http://myoji-yurai.net/) where you can look up top rare last names\nas well as [this site](http://topic-good.com/archives/2099.html) shows some\nfirst names for men that are more rare. If you're really looking for a \"one-\nof-a-kind\" name you can look into キラキラネーム which are names that are legal (in\nterms of kanji usage) but put the reading of the characters at their limits.\n\nWhether or not it's 'okay' to call yourself one of these names in Japan is\nprobably up to you.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-19T22:19:24.140",
"id": "34229",
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| 34228 | 34229 | 34229 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34233",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Here is a page from a classic manga **ドクタースランプ** :\n<https://i.stack.imgur.com/3llww.png> In this chapter the professor shows\nArale a camera than can look into the future.\n\nIn the bottom frame Arale says to him that this reminds her of **ドラエモン** , to\nwhich he replies 「あれはマンガ！」, and then the narrator says 「あんたもマンガだ！！」. What does\nthe last phrase mean exactly? Is it a shortening of \"you're in a manga too!\",\nor does マンガ here mean \"a manga character\" (again in a shortened version\nperhaps?), or what? Is it just like how in English you can call a cartoon\ncharacter a cartoon? (at least I think you can)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-20T00:13:49.690",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34230",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-20T01:05:42.477",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "12271",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"manga"
],
"title": "「あんたもマンガだ！！」 - how to understand it?",
"view_count": 154
} | [
{
"body": "「あんた」 is a shortening of ”あなた\" (you) and マンガ is an exaggerated way to write\n漫画, which refers to comic books as you know.\n\nSo in this case, Arale is saying that \"Doraemon\" is only a comic book who\nisn't real, to which the narrator is saying to Norimaki Senbei that he is part\nof a comic too. The line doesn't literally mean \"manga character\", but it\namounts to the same idea.\n\nI haven't read Dr. Slump too much but from what I have seen, it is pretty\nself-referential and jokes like this are somewhat common.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-20T00:34:27.563",
"id": "34231",
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},
{
"body": "> 「あんたもマンガだ！！」\n\nis not a **_shortening_** of another phrase per se. That would only be a \"fast\nand convenient\" explanation that people (myself included, I admit) tend to use\nwith Japanese-learners in answering questions like this. This is just how we\nspeak and we are not omitting any words either intentionally or\nunintentionally.\n\nSaying that is a shortening of something like 「あんたもマンガのキャラだ！！」 might appeal\nand satisfy many, but it simply is not.\n\nHere, 「マンガ」 refers to \"everything pertaining to manga\" and that would\nnaturally include manga characters. What matters in this context is whether\nsomething/someone belongs in the manga world or the real world.\n\nTranslation, however, is another matter altogether. If the sentence \"You're\nmanga, too!\" made sense, take it. If it sounded better to say \"You're a manga\ncharacter, too!!\", take that instead.\n\nFinally, the advanced learners should know that this type of statement used in\nfiction is called 「メタ[発言]{はつげん}」. That is when a character talks to the\nreaders and such. In this case, the narrator is talking to a character. In\ntheory, this should not be possible, but it is practiced in some fiction.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-20T01:05:42.477",
"id": "34233",
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"parent_id": "34230",
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]
| 34230 | 34233 | 34233 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34251",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm writing my resume in japanese, and I have a rather unusual cursus as a\nfrench student.\n\nI spent 2 years doing my bachelor's degree in IT, then instead of finishing my\ndegree, I changed my cursus entering a 3 years engineering cursus which leads\nto a master degree in engineering (in France it's called \"Diplôme\nd'ingénieur\"). In the end I will have a master degree without a bachelor's\ndegree, and my parkour was 5 years long. Generally, people who go to\nengineering school spend 2 years after high school to study intensively in\norder to pass an entrance exam for 3 year cycle \"Grandes Ecoles\" (or in my\ncase engineering school).\n\nI wonder how to write it in Japanese, is it how my resume looks so far but\nI've been told that what I wrote is wrong:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jIGUw.png)\n\nSo I'm not sure what term I should use in 2013/7",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-20T05:26:07.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34234",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-05-23T01:46:36.200",
"last_editor_user_id": "14483",
"owner_user_id": "14483",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "How to say \"changed academic course\" in resume?",
"view_count": 414
} | [
{
"body": "入学 means you enter the school (college, university, whatever), and make a\nfresh start of studying in that school.\n\n中退 means you dropped out from school in midway, and your record of studying\nthere is not acknowledged as any meaningful carrer.\n\nHowever, you were able to use your record of studying in パリ第六大学情報工学部学士課程 in\nentering パリ１１大学情報工学部修士課程.\n\nIn that case, you probably finished a full course of パリ第六大学情報工学部学士課程, and you\nshould write so, as パリ第六大学情報工学部学士課程修了 instead of 中退, meaning 'dropped out,' or\nyou may also write パリ１１大学情報工学部修士編入, instead of 入学.\n\nYou'd be better to avoid using the word, 中退、which is counted nothing as a\ncareer in this country.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-21T01:57:45.080",
"id": "34251",
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| 34234 | 34251 | 34251 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "While reading a manga, which takes place during the samurai era, I came across\nthe statement:\n\n> 弟の鉄之助は中岡隊長の言う **ちょった** 犯人の特徴とピッタリ合う **ちょるきに** …！\n\nI'm pretty sure it translates roughly to something like\n\n> The younger brother Tetsunosuke matched the description of the culprit given\n> by Captain Nakaoka perfectly!\n\nMy question is the meaning of the \"ちょった/ちょる\" following the verbs as well as\nthe \"きに\" at the end.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-20T06:24:31.417",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34235",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-05-21T09:45:07.467",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "14308",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"dialects",
"role-language"
],
"title": "plain present verb + ちょる",
"view_count": 1218
} | [
{
"body": "The question got me curious and I made some research.\n\nApparently ちょる could be a dialectal form of ておる in some areas in western\nJapan.\n\nSome Japanese people say that this form is commonly used in 山口県, 大分県, and 福岡県\nfor example (see here\n<http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1165856011>).\n\nFrom the same link you can also get to a Wikipedia page regarding western\nJapan dialect with more details:\n\n<https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-20T07:14:40.963",
"id": "34236",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-05-20T07:32:05.243",
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{
"body": "I looked them up online, and the sources I found (this is one of the sources:\n<http://www.ilovex.co.jp/ilo_week/2007/08/post-117.html>) say that\n\n> \"ちょった/ちょる” means \"ていた/ている”\n\nand\n\n> \"きに” means \"（のです）から”\n\nSo, \"合うちょるきに” in your example sentence must be able to be rephrased as\n\"合っている（のです）から\", which makes your translation correct. They say that these\nterms are dialect called 「[土佐弁]{とさべん｝」 spoken mainly in [高知県]{こうちけん} in\n[四国]{しこく}.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-20T07:16:25.917",
"id": "34237",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-21T09:02:30.437",
"last_edit_date": "2016-05-21T09:02:30.437",
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"owner_user_id": "14212",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "According to [Wikipedia article\n「日本の方言」](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80#.E7.B6.99.E7.B6.9A.E7.9B.B8.E3.83.BB.E5.AE.8C.E4.BA.86.E7.9B.B8),\n～ちょる means ～ている in western dialect. It says that they use 「音便形＋ちょる・ちょー」 for\n～ている in 島根県出雲, and 「音便形＋ちょる・ちょー」 for ～ている as 完了後の状態を表す相 (perfect aspect) in\n岐阜県・奈良県南部・兵庫県播磨・中国地方（出雲除く）・四国地方・九州地方.\n\nAnd according to\n[here](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%AA%9E%E3%81%AE%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80#.E6.8E.A5.E7.B6.9A.E5.8A.A9.E8.A9.9E)\nin the same article, ～きに is a 接続助詞(conjunctive particle) of 理由(reason) in\nwestern dialect. They use 「けん・けー・きん・きー・けに・きに」 in 中国地方・四国地方・九州地方（宮崎県・鹿児島県を除く）.\n\nSo [合]{お}うちょるきに means [合]{あ}っているから, and [言]{ゆ}うちょった means [言]{い}っていた.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-20T07:35:38.223",
"id": "34238",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-21T01:10:43.607",
"last_edit_date": "2016-05-21T01:10:43.607",
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]
| 34235 | null | 34238 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34242",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "The sentence 微笑み選ぼう is part of the lyrics of a song called\n[錆びついたマシンガンで今を撃ち抜こう](http://j-lyric.net/artist/a0039c4/l007405.html).\n\nI'm wondering why it is correct in grammar because it seems to me that there\nis supposed to be a を between 微笑み and 選ぼう.\n\n== Update == \nHere is the shorter version of the song for interpreting the meaning of this\nsentence: [link](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HX9evhBKxf4).",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-20T14:27:19.393",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34240",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-04T23:34:06.810",
"last_edit_date": "2016-05-27T01:58:47.687",
"last_editor_user_id": "14487",
"owner_user_id": "14487",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-を",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "Why is 「微笑み選ぼう」 correct in grammar?",
"view_count": 213
} | [
{
"body": "No for 微笑みを選ぼう。 In this case, '微笑み' is not object for choice.\n\n微笑み選ぼう is more precisely 微笑み、選ぼう。\n\nIt means, With smile, choose (trip to uncharted town)!\n\nIt is hard to interpret this by grammatical analysis. Only semantic analysis\ncan get object of choice. I think.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-20T14:50:59.600",
"id": "34241",
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"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "4162",
"parent_id": "34240",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "It is omitted を. We often omit a post-positional particle especially in spoken\nlanguage.\n\nFor example, 本(を)買いに行く, 昨日(は),学校に行った, 明日どこ(へ)行く?, 何(を)食べようか?, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-20T14:59:06.383",
"id": "34242",
"last_activity_date": "2017-07-04T23:34:06.810",
"last_edit_date": "2017-07-04T23:34:06.810",
"last_editor_user_id": "4216",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "34240",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 34240 | 34242 | 34242 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I would like to know some natural phrases for describing that a project is\nrunning along smoothly. This is what I can think of but there may be better\nexpressions.\n\n> 最近のプロジェクトは着々と進んでいます。\n>\n> 最近のプロジェクトはとても進歩しています。\n>\n> 最近のプロジェクトはうまく行っています。\n\nAlso, I'm looking for phrases that express there was a great deal of progress\ntoday.\n\n> 今日はプロジェクトがだいぶ進みましたよ。\n>\n> 今日はプロジェクトがとても進歩しましたよ。\n\nAny help on phrases, verbs, or adjectives (to express \"progressed\nsignificantly\") would be helpful!",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-20T17:10:19.410",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34243",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-21T07:46:47.573",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"business-japanese"
],
"title": "Describing progress of a project",
"view_count": 138
} | [
{
"body": "Just took a look on the thesaurus\n[here](http://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E9%A0%86%E8%AA%BF) or\n[here](http://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E9%A0%86%E8%AA%BF%E3%81%AB%E9%80%B2%E3%82%80)\nfor some ideas.\n\n順調｛じゅんちょう｝です。 It's going well.\n\nイメージ通{どお}り進｛すす｝んでいます。 It's going as planned\n\n今日｛きょう｝は調子｛ちょうし｝が良｛よ｝さそうです。 Today's pace is looking good.\n\n作業｛さぎょう｝が捗｛はかど｝っています。 Tasks are making progress.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-20T18:05:39.140",
"id": "34244",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-21T01:04:29.727",
"last_edit_date": "2016-05-21T01:04:29.727",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "3916",
"parent_id": "34243",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "着々と進んでいます and うまく行っています sound good to me. You'd usually use 進展/進行 rather than\n進歩 for a project (プロジェクト/計画/事業/仕事/学習/課題?). For \"The project is going\nsmoothly,\" I would probably say like:\n\n> 「｛[目下]{もっか}/現在｝、プロジェクトは｛着々と/順調に/計画通り｝進んでいます。」 \n> 「｛目下/現在｝、プロジェクトは｛着々と/順調に/計画通り｝｛進行中です/進行しています｝。」 \n> 「プロジェクトはうまく行っています。」\n\n* * *\n\n「今日はプロジェクトがだいぶ進みましたよ。」 sounds good to me. Here I would use 進展 or 前進 instead of\n進歩. So, for \"There was a great deal of progress today\" I think you could say\nlike:\n\n> 「今日はプロジェクトが｛だいぶ/かなり/ずいぶん｝進みましたよ。」 \n> 「今日はプロジェクトが｛大きく/著しく/だいぶ/かなり/ずいぶん｝｛進展/前進｝しましたよ。」 \n> 「今日はプロジェクトに｛大きな/著しい｝｛進展/前進｝が｛ありました/見られました｝よ。」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-21T06:27:09.123",
"id": "34254",
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}
]
| 34243 | null | 34244 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34250",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Apparently 開き means \"opening\" but お開き means \"closure\", which seems very\ncounter intuitive. What is going on here? Are there any other similar cases in\nJapanese language?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-20T20:41:44.403",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34247",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-01T14:09:00.980",
"last_edit_date": "2016-05-27T09:49:57.690",
"last_editor_user_id": "11830",
"owner_user_id": "12271",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"words",
"etymology"
],
"title": "Counter intuitive meaning of お開き",
"view_count": 617
} | [
{
"body": "**_Euphemism vs. Taboo Words_**\n\n**[婉曲語法]{えんきょくごほう} vs. [忌]{い}み[言葉]{ことば}**\n\n「[閉]{と}じる」 (\"to close\") is considered a taboo word for auspicious events such\nas a wedding party (even though the word itself is something we use without\nthinking on a daily basis). Thus, we choose to say 「お[開]{ひら}きにする」 to mean\n\"bring (a happy event) to an end\".\n\n「閉じる」 is not the only 忌み言葉 that one needs to avoid using if one is giving a\nspeech at a wedding party. Words with negative meanings in the particular\ncontext of \"marriage\" are to be avoided - [終]{お}わる (to end)、[出]{で}る (to\nleave)、[別]{わか}れる (to part), etc.\n\nOther examples:\n\n「[葦]{あし}」⇒「[葭]{よし}」: \" ** _Reed_** \". 「あし」 sounds like 「[悪]{あ}し」(\"bad\"), so\nlet's call it 「よし」 so that it will sound like 「[良]{よ}し」(\"good\")!\n\n「[梨]{なし}」⇒「ありの[実]{み}」: \" ** _Pear_** \". 「なし」 sounds like\n「[無]{な}し」(\"nothingness\", \"non-existent\"), so let's change it to\n「ありの実」(literally, \"fruit of the 'being/existing' kind\")!\n\n「スルメ」⇒「アタリメ」: \" ** _Dried squid_** \". 「する/掏る」 means \"to steal\" and it can also\nmean \"to lose\" in gambling. That does not sound too positive so let's make it\nsound like \"to win (money or object)\" = 「[当]{あ}たる」!\n\n(I chose the examples that I thought would be more interesting instead of the\nobvious ones used in weddings and funerals.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-21T00:44:13.450",
"id": "34250",
"last_activity_date": "2019-12-01T14:09:00.980",
"last_edit_date": "2019-12-01T14:09:00.980",
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},
{
"body": "I wouldn't touch upon the provenances of お開き as a mean to avoid 忌み言葉 - ominous\nword / phrase as they were detailed by other users, and most of today's people\nwouln't give any thought about it. I wonder how many Japanese would associate\nit with 忌み言葉 today unless they are oct or nonagenarians.\n\nI just would like to say お開き is very popular word which is used in both\nbusiness and social life as in;\n\nこれでお開きにしましょう - Let's finish the meeting.\n\nぼつぼつお開きです - The party will end soon.\n\nでは部長、お開きの言葉をお願いします Well, Director, would you give a closing remark of the get-\ntogether?\n\nまだお開きは早いんじゃないの？ Isn't it too early to close the party?\n\nAn alternative to お開き is 締め (tightening) as in;\n\n\"ではこの辺りで締めましょう - Now, let's conclude the discussion (meeting) at this poit.\"\n\n\"会長、締めをお願いします - Chairman, please wrap up the gathering.\"\n\nIt is customary to wrap up a celebration party such as a New Year and Year-end\nparty and any get-together by performing \"三本 (or 一本)締め\" by clapping hands of\nall perticipants thrice (or once) in accord by the lead of party leader in\nJapanese society.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-24T06:38:26.153",
"id": "34322",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-24T20:17:59.727",
"last_edit_date": "2016-05-24T20:17:59.727",
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"owner_user_id": "12056",
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}
]
| 34247 | 34250 | 34250 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34252",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm stuck trying to guess what 断面神 might be.\n\n**Context:** Expressing astonishment it's possible to find a place in Tokyo\nwhere croissant is about as good as in Paris (while looking at a photograph of\nsaid croissant, cut in half and showing the inside). The whole dialog:\n\n> 「クロワッサン！」 \n> 「断面神！！」 \n> 「食べたすぎる！！！」",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-20T23:20:57.427",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34248",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-22T07:56:12.493",
"last_edit_date": "2016-06-22T07:56:12.493",
"last_editor_user_id": "1527",
"owner_user_id": "254",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"slang",
"internet-slang"
],
"title": "how should 断面神 be interpreted?",
"view_count": 229
} | [
{
"body": "神 is sometimes used in the sense of \"superb\". For example, you can call a game\nyou really like a 神ゲー. So maybe they are saying that the cross-section looks\nfantastic? Just a wild guess...",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-20T23:52:40.017",
"id": "34249",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-20T23:52:40.017",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "12271",
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"score": 5
},
{
"body": "It's pretty much what has been mentioned in the answers and comments: godly\ncross-section or insides, parsed 断面{だんめん}・神{かみ}. AS you know, croissants are\nintricately layered inside, so the comment is about how beautiful or awesome\nit is.\n\nNote this is use of 神 is pretty much an internet-only thing, and is not used\nin everyday speech.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-21T03:45:05.033",
"id": "34252",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-21T03:45:05.033",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "9508",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 34248 | 34252 | 34249 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34272",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I recently came across the following sentence in an English comic book that\nwas translated into Japanese:\n\n先生が僕らに何をしろって？\n\nI checked the verb しろって and found out that it was conjugated from する？ May I\nknow the English usage of verbs conjugated in this form, and some more\nexamples please?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-21T06:08:06.910",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"conjugations",
"particle-って"
],
"title": "Conjugation for the verb しろって",
"view_count": 571
} | [
{
"body": "って is a casual form of the \"quotation\" particle と. しろ is the imperative form\nof the verb する. So the two are completely separate in terms of conjugation\n(i.e. しろって is not a \"form\" of the verb する, but a verb with a particle\nattached). The reason they are adjacent in the sentence is because someone is\nasking what someone said, so the quotation particle is needed to show that\nsomeone is saying something. In most cases, と or って with the verb left out\nalmost always implies 言う as the verb being left out (e.g. 何をしろって言った is the\nimplication here), but in most cases you just leave that out since it's\nobvious what is being implied.",
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"creation_date": "2016-05-22T04:09:37.497",
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| 34253 | 34272 | 34272 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I have this sentence in one of my N1 practice books, but I am not really sure\nhow to translate this one:\n\n不況のせいでリストラされたので、しばらくげっそり自由を楽しむことにした。\n\nげっそり translate to 'being disheartened' - how to translate げっそり自由",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-21T07:48:08.377",
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"id": "34255",
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"owner_user_id": "2965",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "げっそり自由 meaning?",
"view_count": 238
} | [
{
"body": "げっそり自由 is strange.こっそり自由(家族に対して) is natural. こっそり's meaning is hiding for\nsomething.げっそり is used like \"げっそり痩せた\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-21T12:00:12.400",
"id": "34258",
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"body": "> 「[不況]{ふきょう}のせいでリストラされたので、しばらく（ ）[自由]{じゆう}を[楽]{たの}しむことにした。」\n>\n> \"Since I was laid off owing to the recession, I have decided to enjoy my\n> freedom **~~~~ly** for a while.\"\n\nThere are dozens of words in Japanese that take the form of 「 **〇っ〇り** 」\n(second kana is the small っ). Over 95% of those are adverbs and many have an\nonomatopoeic quality to them.\n\nA few **〇っ〇り** -words could certainly be used to fill in the blank in the\nsentence above, but unfortunately, 「 **げっそり** 」 is _**not**_ one of them even\nif your book said it was.\n\n「げっそり」 means \"dejectedly\", \"disheartenedly\", etc. It just does not go well\nwith the verb 「楽しむ」 = \"to enjoy\". That is, unless this is supposed to be some\nkind of a joke.\n\nThe possible 〇っ〇り-words would include 「ゆっくり」 (leisurely)、「ひっそり」 (quietly)\n、「しっかり」 (surely), etc.",
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"creation_date": "2016-05-21T14:33:43.553",
"id": "34261",
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| 34255 | null | 34261 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34259",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I want to say\n\n> A wants B to keep away from C. (A is a third person)\n\nMy attempt is as follows,\n\n> AはBにCを遠ざけてほしがっている。\n\nIs it correct? Unnatural? Any comment and suggestion is really appreciated.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-21T11:33:30.470",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to say \"A wants B to keep away from C.\"?",
"view_count": 454
} | [
{
"body": "I think it would literally be like 「AはBにCから遠ざかっていてほしがっている」 or\n「AはBにCから離れていてほしがっている」, but they don't sound very natural, so how about:\n\n> AはBをCに近づけたがらない。/ 近寄らせたがらない。 \n> AはBにCに近づかないで(いて)ほしがっている。 / 近寄らないで(いて)ほしがっている。\n\nor maybe:\n\n> AはBにCに近づいてほしくないと思っている。 / 近寄ってほしくないと思っている。 \n> AはBにCに近づかないで(いて)ほしいと思っている。 / 近寄らないで(いて)ほしいと思っている。\n\n... etc., depending on the context.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-21T12:05:22.253",
"id": "34259",
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"body": "I would say \"A wants B to keep away from C.\" as \"AはBにC\nから遠ざかって(Cに近づかないで、Cと絶縁して、Cと手を切って）欲しいと思っている。\n\nPlease note that you need to choose the right particle after C. according to\nthe context",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-23T08:10:48.917",
"id": "34304",
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| 34256 | 34259 | 34259 |
{
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"body": "> たとえ夏にあなたにあえなくても、たとえいっしょに旅しなくても、まだもっと待ってるよ。\n\nThe question is how to link two \"even if's\" in a compound sentence, as in the\nexample above. Perhaps, You don't need two たとえ and if you only conjugate the\nて, adding the も to the second one, will it be clear enough? Or is there a\nbetter way to express this kind of sentence?\n\nThank you very much!",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-21T14:14:46.277",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-05-21T15:04:14.507",
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"owner_user_id": "10151",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"syntax"
],
"title": "multiple たとえ even if (in a compound sentense)",
"view_count": 192
} | [
{
"body": "These two even-if-clauses are simply placed in parallel (\"Even if ～, (and)\neven if ～, I will keep waiting for you.\"). Effectively, this sentence is the\nfollowing two sentences said together.\n\n 1. たとえ夏にあなたに会えなくても、まだもっと待ってるよ。\n 2. たとえいっしょに旅しなくても、まだもっと待ってるよ。\n\n(I feel this もっと is a bit weird, but let me keep it for now)\n\nYou cannot combine these clauses into one using て, because \"夏に会えない\" and\n\"一緒に旅しない\" are independent from each other.\n\n> たとえ夏にあなたに会えなくて一緒に旅しなくても、まだ待ってるよ。\n\nThis sentence is grammatical, but sounds like \"Even if I don't travel with you\ntogether **because** I can't see you in summer, I will keep waiting for you,\"\nwhich is very different from the original nuance.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-22T09:09:55.700",
"id": "34282",
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| 34260 | null | 34282 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "What exactly is the difference between these two phrases. How does けど/が affect\nthe meaning and how does it relate to its meaning of 'but'?\n\nI asked a native speaker how to say \"I hope I will be able to eat everything.\"\n(When presented with a very large meal). I was told 全て食べる事が出来るといいんですけど",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-21T17:52:02.087",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34262",
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"owner_user_id": "14199",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"sentence-final-particles"
],
"title": "といいんです and といいんですけど",
"view_count": 4845
} | [
{
"body": "The が・けど makes you sound more modest and tentative/hesitant.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-21T22:10:11.983",
"id": "34267",
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"body": "The difference between the two is the percentage of conviction in what you are\nsaying.\n\nEnding sentences with です usually indicates 100% of conviction.\n\nOn the other hand, sentences ending in といいんですけど would be lower than 100%.\n\nThough the two phrases would mean the same thing, the nuance is slightly\ndifferent.\n\nNote: Sometimes ですけど can just be used as a conjunction while speaking, without\nany nuance of \"but\". It really depends on the entire context of the\nconversation.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-24T00:30:05.110",
"id": "34317",
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{
"body": "> ~といいですね\n\n'I hope/wish X' (hope/wish for someone else)\n\n> ~といいんですが\n>\n> ~といいんですけど\n\n'I hope/wish X' (hope/wish for yourself)\n\n* * *\n\n * [E-Japanese: ～といい /～to ii /I hope, I wish.'](http://www.e-japanese.jp/?p=232)\n * [gonihongo: Genki 2: Lesson 16 Grammar](http://www.gonihongo.com/genki2_grammar/16.html)",
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"creation_date": "2019-03-10T17:47:34.557",
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| 34262 | null | 65948 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34265",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to call one of my friend, who is not Japanese, by adding -chan or -kun\nto his name. The friend is a student of Japanese as myself from the same\ngroup. A male, not homosexual. I think he's about the same age as myself. We\nare friends but not extremely close friends, but friends during the classes\nand sometime chat outside. Based on that do I use -chan or -kun?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-21T18:17:43.540",
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"id": "34263",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"honorifics"
],
"title": "When in doubt between -chan and -kun what to choose?",
"view_count": 237
} | [
{
"body": "Kun! chan is very cutesy. Kun is more usable among colleagues/fellow scholars.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-21T20:28:32.010",
"id": "34265",
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| 34263 | 34265 | 34265 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34284",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Japanese grammar books say that ます-form should be used only at the very end of\na (compound) statement. So 〜ないといけません。is a correct sentence ending. However\ngoogling \"ませんといけない\" finds lots of matches (348,000 vs. 482,000 for correct\nvariant) which seem to be genuine sentences of native speakers, like\n\n> しかしながら明日からの仕事に向けて気持ちを **切り替えませんといけない** ですね。\n\nIs it a wide-spread colloquialism, or is ます-form actually allowed at each sub-\nstatement end in a compound?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-21T18:43:21.767",
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"id": "34264",
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"owner_user_id": "14494",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conditionals",
"politeness"
],
"title": "Using ます-form inside a (compound, conditional) statement",
"view_count": 89
} | [
{
"body": "ませんといけない is understandable, but is an entirely broken expression. You have to\nsay 気持ちを切り替えないといけません. This kind of broken Japanese may easily happen when, for\nexample, someone who is very nervous has to make a formal speech, but there is\nno reason one uses this by intention in any kind of situation.",
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"creation_date": "2016-05-22T09:24:12.997",
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| 34264 | 34284 | 34284 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I wanted to say: there is a pen. Hence, I said\n\n> ペンはある\n\nBut my girlfriend said to me that one has to say:\n\n> ペンがある。\n\nBut she can't explain to me why, and I don't understand.\n\nDo you have an explanation? \nThanks in advance!",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-21T21:56:46.577",
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"id": "34266",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particles",
"subjects"
],
"title": "Why can't I use は with ある?",
"view_count": 271
} | [
{
"body": "I feel that the distinctions between は and が are one of the hardest parts to\nlearn about the Japanese language, so I'll try to keep things mostly focused\non this example.\n\n> ペンはある\n\nHere \"は” marks ”ペン\" as a \"topic\", rather a \"subject\", but what that really\ntranslates into is a feeling of:\n\n> There _is_ a pen (but there isn't a ....)\n\nThis is because that \"は\" also is commonly used to indicate that what follows\nit applies to the thing before the は, but _not_ to something else which may or\nmay not be directly stated.\n\nHere is an example where the thing that doesn't apply is directly stated:\n\n> ペンはあるけど、鉛筆はない\n\nIn fact は tends to be used more frequently with negative verbs (hence the は\npart of ではない). So if you are saying \"the pen isn't there\", this would be\ncompletely natural:\n\n> ペンはない\n\nHowever, if there was a situation where someone was panicking and somebody\nasked them \"What is wrong?\" (どうしたの？), they could very well reply using が\ninstead:\n\n> ペンがないよ！\n\nThis is because が strongly emphasizes the subject, and is generally used when\nthere was some uncertainty about a subject which is being clarified.",
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"id": "34271",
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{
"body": "That would be 「ペン **が** ある。」 100% of the time.\n\n「ペン **が** ある。」 (= \"There is a pen.\") is a statement about 'what is there' or\n'what the speaker has just found at a particular location\". It is **_not_** a\nstatement that gives some kind of description about either pens in general or\na particular pen.\n\nIf you desire to make a further statement about the pen **_after_** you have\nfound it and said 「ペン **が** ある。」, you can use 「 **は** 」 as in 「そのペン **は**\nとても[長]{なが}い。」= \"The pen is very long.\" and such .\n\n「ペン **は** ある。」, as a stand-alone statement, sounds **_far more weird_** to us\nJapanese-speakers than you could probably imagine at this stage. You could\nlook like you were trying a make a profound philosophical statement about pens\nin general. I call that the power of particles - \"POP\" for short. Learning\nJapanese means learning POP.\n\nIf you go outside of your house and find a dog right in front of you, you will\nsay 「イヌ **が** いる。」. If you said 「イヌ **は** いる。」 instead, people would wonder if\nyou were OK because you would look as if you were making a metaphysical\nstatement about dogs and the universe outside of your front door on your way\nto Burger King.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-25T06:21:05.373",
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| 34266 | null | 34271 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34269",
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"body": "> デカくてトロくて\n\nThis is from a manga I'm reading, and here is the whole sentence\n\"デカくてトロくて使いやすいジャンプ台だった.\" For context purposes, this is a soccer manga and\nrefers to a part where a forward was sure to be the one jumping highest, only\nto be surpassed by a defender, who is the one saying the phrase. This defender\nuse the other player shoulder to jump higher. I have no idea what デカ and トロ\nmean here.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-21T22:48:27.340",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34268",
"last_activity_date": "2021-09-25T00:25:41.557",
"last_edit_date": "2021-09-25T00:25:41.557",
"last_editor_user_id": "30454",
"owner_user_id": "14496",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"slang",
"idioms"
],
"title": "I can't understand this phrase, is this slang? 「デカくてトロくて」",
"view_count": 338
} | [
{
"body": "Neither of the two is slang, really.\n\n「デカい」 is an informal word for 「[大]{おお}きい」. It should be found in every\ndictionary.\n\n「とろい」 is a regular dictionary word meaning \"dull\", \"stupid\", etc. Perhaps the\nkatakana part fooled you. That is just to give the word a slangy look and\nfeel.\n\n「デカ **く** 」 and 「トロ **く** 」 are just the continuative forms of 「デカ **い** 」 and\n「トロ **い** 」, respectively. The sentence uses **three** adjectives in a row,\nthus the first two must be put in the continuative form.\n\n> **_\"It/He was a big, stupid and easy-to-use jump stand.\"_**",
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"creation_date": "2016-05-21T23:07:27.190",
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}
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| 34268 | 34269 | 34269 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34289",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "**たましい** is defined as \" _soul, spirit_ \". But, both of those words have so\nmuch nuance and usages...\n\nDoes a person's **たましい** persist after death? \nCould **たましい** be used metaphorically such as `She has the spirit of a lion\nand goes for the jugular at the first sign of weakness.`.\n\n**たましい** must be so nuanced. Please explain.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-22T00:24:30.697",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Nuance of たましい?",
"view_count": 125
} | [
{
"body": "1. 魂【たましい】 is something that is believed to persist after one's body perishes. After death, a 魂 may go to Heaven or Hell, or it may float around on earth ([Hitodama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitodama)), or it may be drained or eaten by monsters in fantasy works. It's a rather \"occult\" term. To refer to _mind_ as opposed to _body_ in academic and/or serious writings, 精神 is usually preferred.\n 2. 魂 also metaphorically refers to the essential part of something, someone's essential mindset. 「ライオンの魂 (the spirit of a lion)」「侍魂【さむらいだましい】 (spirit of _samurai_ )」\n 3. A 魂 can sometimes stay inside artistic works, speeches, etc. 「魂のない小説 (soulless novel)」「魂のこもった声 (soulful vocal)」\n\nSo putting other very rare usages aside, Japanese 魂 can basically be\ntranslated either as _spirit_ or _soul_. Dictionaries say English _soul_\nsometimes refer to _heart_ or even _person_ (eg \"a kind soul\"), but that's not\npossible with 魂.",
"comment_count": 1,
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| 34270 | 34289 | 34289 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34277",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm practicing JLPT mock test and there's the following sentence:\n\n> どうしても時間がないと言う人でも、一日に15分くらいは捻出できるだろう。（中略）\n> 「時間がない」と嘆く前に、まずは一日15分間の勉強を始めてみる。なかには、時間が **＿＿** できる勉強というのもある。\n\n「短い **ながらも** 」and「短い **からこそ** 」are two choices. IMO, I think that 短い **ながらも**\nis the right answer but the correct answer is 短い **からこそ**. I don't understand\nwhy it is so.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-22T06:29:14.200",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34274",
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"owner_user_id": "1053",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"jlpt"
],
"title": "Word choice: ながらも vs. からこそ",
"view_count": 324
} | [
{
"body": "Both 時間が短い **ながらも** できる勉強というのもある and 時間が短い **からこそ** できる勉強というのもある make sense on\ntheir own, but only the latter fits the context naturally.\n\n「なかには ～ **も** ある」 (\"There is _even_ ～\") implies the author is trying to\nintroduce something special and non-straightforward. 時間が短い **ながらも** できる勉強がある\n(\"the study you can do although there is not much time\") is not surprising any\nmore to the reader who has read the article this far, is it?\n\n時間が短い **からこそ** できる勉強 (\"the study you can do all the better because there is\nnot much time\") is a new piece of information, which can naturally be used\nwith 「なかには～もある」 here.",
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| 34274 | 34277 | 34277 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34279",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been wondering lately about the usage of 外来語 that seem especially\nredundant, such as ドライバー instead of ねじ回し, ヘア instead of 毛, or マップ instead of\n地図. I understand many of the purposes of 外来語 when a native word exists, such\nas [distinguishing between a Japanese and foreign version of an\nitem](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/12614/when-is-a-\ndoor-a-%E3%83%89%E3%82%A2-and-when-is-\nit-a-%E6%89%89%E3%81%A8%E3%81%B3%E3%82%89), advertising and stylistic reasons,\nand offering a way to distinguish between similar objects that use the same\nword in Japanese (such as [ヘルメット and\nかぶと](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/118/%E5%A4%96%E6%9D%A5%E8%AA%9E-gairaigo-\nreplaced-by-japanese-word) or 針{はり} and ニードル). However, when dealing with a\nsimple object, especially an object that is unlikely to have cultural\ndifferences and is simple enough to negate the need for synonyms, where do\nthese words fit in?\n\nTo be more specific, is there a nuance in the usage of 外来語 versus perfectly\nwell-known and functional Japanese terms in daily speech? Would the usage of\nsuch 外来語 [potentially irritate some\npeople](http://en.rocketnews24.com/2015/07/07/10-japanese-words-you-know-now-\nthat-irritate-some-japanese-businessmen-because-theyre-english/)? Does this\nnuance change when the native word in question is 大和言葉{やまとことば} as opposed to\n漢語{かんご｝? Are these sort of 外来語 mostly common among younger or more trendy\ncrowds, or would they enter the daily speech of, say, a middle-aged housewife?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-22T07:30:05.640",
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"owner_user_id": "10099",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 8,
"tags": [
"loanwords",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "What is nuance of using 外来語 for simple nouns?",
"view_count": 289
} | [
{
"body": "This greatly depends on the word...\n\nAs for 地図 vs マップ and 毛 vs ヘア, the traditional kanji versions are still the\nnormal choices. We hear ヘア in very limited situations, like in hair salons and\nads for shampoo.\n\nSee: [Difference between マップ and\n地図](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/30588/5010)\n\nAs for ねじ回し vs ドライバー, [ねじ weren't common in Japan until after the Edo\nperiod](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%AD%E3%81%98#.E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E3.81.B8.E3.81.AE.E3.81.AD.E3.81.98.E3.81.AE.E4.BC.9D.E6.9D.A5),\nso it was natural that ドライバー became the first choice.\n\nBut there are some words that have actually taken the place of traditional\nJapanese words in the last 100 years or so. See my answer in: [What causes\nloan words to displace native words for existing\nconcepts?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/16245/5010) Hypothetically\nspeaking, if someone removed the kanji 鏡 from 常用漢字表 today, after 80 years, I\nguess everyone would use ミラー instead :-)\n\nIn general, using unfamiliar katakana 外来語 excessively may irritate some\npeople, yes (exaggerated example\n[here](https://web.archive.org/web/20160826083005/http://liginc.co.jp/company/message/year/2014),\nalthough this is a kind of joke).",
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| 34275 | 34279 | 34279 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34281",
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"body": "Assume that there is a pond in the garden in which a boy is playing around\nwith his father.\n\nWhat is the correct expression that his mother must use?\n\n * A: 息子を池に近づけるな！ Keep away the son from the pond.\n * B: 池を息子に近づけるな！ Keep away the pond from the son.\n\nMy feeling says that I have to use A because the object of 近づける must be\nmovable. Is my understanding correct?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-22T07:32:46.590",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is it necessary the object of 近づける movable?",
"view_count": 40
} | [
{
"body": "Yes, your understanding is perfectly correct. You have to say A because\nSentence B sounds like 池 is a movable object.\n\nWell, this is off-topic, but addressing one's son as 息子 is weird. [See\nthis](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/8204/5010).",
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"creation_date": "2016-05-22T08:18:03.780",
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| 34276 | 34281 | 34281 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34290",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "近づける is a transitive verb.\n\n * X: 僕は子供を池に近づけない。I keep away the children from the pond.\n\nBut there is a case in which 近づける is used without an object as the following\nsentence quoted from [another\nanswer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/34259/11192).\n\n * Y: AはBにCに近づいてほしくないと思っている。A wants B to keep away from C.\n\n# Questions\n\nWhen there is no explicit object given for 近づける, do we have to assume the\nobject is actually the same as the subject?\n\nIt means Y can be rewritten as\n\n * Z: AはBに **Bを** Cに近づいてほしくないと思っている。A wants B to keep away B from C.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-22T08:07:42.780",
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"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Can we use 近づける without an explicit object?",
"view_count": 78
} | [
{
"body": "近づける is transitive, and its intransitive counterpart is 近づく. The te-form of\n近づける is 近づ **け** (-て), while the te-form of 近づく is 近づ **い** (-て).\n\nSentence Y uses this _intransitive_ version, in its te-form. No wonder it\ndoesn't require a direct object.\n\nSentence Z hardly makes sense to me, but compare the following two sentences,\nwhich are very similar in meaning.\n\n * **Y:** AはBにCに近づ **い** てほしくないと思っている。 A wants B to keep away from C.\n * **Z2:** AはBにCを近づ **け** てほしくないと思っている。 A wants B to keep C away.",
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| 34278 | 34290 | 34290 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34287",
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"body": "I understand that both means to emphasize the uniqueness of the word before it\n(i.e. \"only ~\") but in the following sentence, I don't know which one fits.\n\n> この難しい手術ができるのは、渡辺先生＿＿のものだ。\n\nBoth ならでは and ぐらい seem to make sense.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-22T08:12:44.473",
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"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"usage",
"jlpt",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "ならでは vs. ぐらいのもの",
"view_count": 611
} | [
{
"body": "`～ならではの + noun` is a set phrase meaning \"(noun) only seen in ～\", \"(noun)\nunique to ～\", \"(noun) that can be done only by ～\", etc. For example, you can\nsay 渡辺先生ならではの手術, which means \"surgery that can only be performed by Dr.\nWatanabe.\" (BTW, ならでは is read ならで **わ** )\n\nNow, this sentence is a [cleft\nsentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/19208/5010) where the person\nname is focused. When you say \"この難しい手術ができるのは\", a noun (phrase) **representing\na person** is expected after it. And 渡辺先生ならではのもの doesn't qualify as the noun\nphrase representing a person.\n\nIn other words, using ならでは is wrong because it would literally mean something\nlike [×]\"The person who can perform this difficult surgery is the thing that\ncan be done only by Dr. Watanabe.\"\n\n`くらい/ぐらい (+ の/な + もの)` is interchangeable with だけ in cleft sentences like\nthis.\n\nIf you want to use ならでは, you can say\n「この難しい手術は渡辺先生ならではのものだ」「これは渡辺先生ならではの難しい手術だ」, etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-22T09:59:01.217",
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| 34280 | 34287 | 34287 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34288",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I suspect this question to be very simple but nevertheless, I don't understand\nwhy と is used here (in particular why not が or の (with the meaning of が)?)\n\n> 交通事情により、表示の時刻 **と** 前後することがあります。",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-22T09:18:16.587",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34283",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-05-22T10:31:36.083",
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"owner_user_id": "4216",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"syntax",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "What does this と do here?",
"view_count": 120
} | [
{
"body": "This 「と」 indicates the **_standard for comparison_** (and how something can\ndeviate from that standard).\n\nStandard: [表示]{ひょうじ}の[時刻]{じこく} \"Times displayed\"\n\nPossible deviation: [交通事情]{こうつうじじょう}により[前後]{ぜんご}する \"May not arrive/depart on\ntime due to traffic condition\"\n\n> 「交通事情により、表示の時刻と前後することがあります。」\n\nIn this sentence, the subject for the verb 「前後する」 is unmentioned. The subject\nis **_not_** 「表示の時刻」, which is why one cannot use 「表示の時刻 **が** 」 as you\nsuggest.\n\nThe unmentioned subject here is the \" ** _actual arrival/departure times_** \".\nIt is saying that those may deviate from the 「表示の時刻」.\n\nThe phrase to look for is 「A + が/は + B + **と** + （前後する）」 and in this case, the\n\"A + が/は\" part is left unsaid.",
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| 34283 | 34288 | 34288 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34286",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I quite like the expression \"... eludes me\" (or in French \"... m'échappe\"). I\ncan express this with something like 分からない, 理解できない but this is not faithful to\nthe expression \"... eludes me\".\n\nIndeed, \"... eludes me\" describes something that you can't catch, the thing\nitself try to not come close to you so as not to be caught. That is the thing\neludes you on its own. On the other hand, 理解できない or わからない only tells that you\ncan't understand but misses the nuance that the thing tries not to be caught.\n\nIs there a word in Japanese that matches this nuance?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-22T09:35:18.630",
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"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-requests"
],
"title": "The answer to this question eludes me",
"view_count": 394
} | [
{
"body": "The first phrase that comes to mind is:\n\n> 「ピンと[来]{こ}ない」\n\nor\n\n> 「いまいちピンと来ない」\n\nAt least those are natural-sounding phrases often used by native speakers (and\nare less boring and far less dictionary-like than [理解]{りかい}できない or わからない).",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-22T09:53:44.153",
"id": "34286",
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"body": "From the 3. of the following definitions of “elude” of Oxford English\nDictionary, it’s not unreasonable to interpret “elude” as “fail to be\nunderstood” or “not understandable.”:\n\n 1. Escape from or avoid (a danger, enemy, or pursuer), typically in a skillful or cunning way.\n 2. (Of an achievement or something desired) fail to be attained by (someone). \n 3. (Of an idea or fact) fail to be understood or remembered by (someone), e.g. the logic of this eluded most people.\n\nBut if you stick to the nuance that \"something that you can't catch /\nsomething that tries not to be caught,” “捉えどころがない” and \"把握できない” can be\nalternative possibilities as used in ”彼の文章は捉えどころがない – His writing is elusive,\n” and “言葉の意味が把握できない – I can’t catch the meaning of the word.”",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-23T00:37:10.370",
"id": "34296",
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"body": "You can say:\n\n> ちょっとビミョー\n\n`ビミョー` can actually mean a lot of things such as somewhat awkward, strange. In\nsome dictionaries, ビミョー is defined as \"subtle\".\n\nHowever, you can somewhat express 理解できない with nuance of \"... eludes me\" this\nway in an informal conversation.\n\nA: 分かった？\n\nB: ちょっとビミョー～",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-24T00:27:20.143",
"id": "34316",
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"body": "I don't know if they are enough faithful to your nuance but:\n\n * 要領【ようりょう】を得【え】ない \nYou can't get to point from what they say, but often is blaming on poor\nexplanation.\n\n * 雲【くも】をつかむよう (na-adj.) \nFelt like hard to focus into an image, because of vagueness or unfamiliarity.\n\n * 晦渋【かいじゅう】 (na-adj.) \nA bookish word that means overly obfuscating.\n\n * 難解【なんかい】 (na-adj.) \nAnother relatively bookish word \"incomprehensible.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-24T15:05:45.563",
"id": "34331",
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| 34285 | 34286 | 34286 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34292",
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"body": "The みたい and に I'm referring to here are from a song called [Don't you\nsee!](http://www.kasi-time.com/item-5138.html) The first two lines of the\nlyrics are:\n\n友達に手紙を書くときみたいに \nスラスラ言葉が出てくればいいのに\n\nIf I understand it correctly, the に is used to link the two lines. But I'm not\nsure what kind of grammar it is. Although there is a grammar that a\nな-adjective can be converted to an adverb by appending a に to it, the みたい\ndoesn't seem to be a な-adjective.\n\nP.S. Here is the shorter version of the song, if by any chance it can help\ninterpreting the meaning: [link](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8OeYwdKcP0o).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-22T14:46:55.227",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-に"
],
"title": "What's the use to append a に after みたい?",
"view_count": 121
} | [
{
"body": "`noun + みたい` works and conjugates like ordinary na-adjectives, and this に is\nthere to make it work as an adverb. The \"友達に手紙を書くときみたいに\" part as a whole\nfunctions as an adverbial phrase which modifies 出てくる in the second line.\n\n<http://www.guidetojapanese.org/similar.html#part3>\n\n> ### Using 「みたい」 to say something looks like something else\n>\n> Attach 「みたい」 to the noun that bears the resemblance. 「みたい」 conjugates like a\n> noun or na-adjective and not an i-adjective.\n\nA monolingual dictionary [categorizes みたいだ as an auxiliary\nverb](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/212086/meaning/m0u/) (助動詞), but that\nseems to be just because みたいな by itself does not form a standalone na-\nadjective. Perhaps it doesn't mean `noun + みたい` can't be treated like a na-\nadjective.",
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| 34291 | 34292 | 34292 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34295",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I ran across this quote from the famous samurai Takasugi Shinsaku:\n\"動けば雷電の如く、発すれば風雨の如し\". My (really) clumsy translation would be something like\n\"If thunder and lightning were to waver, water and wind would follow,\" but as\nyou can read, it sounds weird and doesn't seem to make much sense. Further I\nreally haven't been able to find out the context in which he said it, so I\ndon't think I really understand what it means. Thanks for any help!!!",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-23T00:14:43.220",
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"owner_user_id": "14496",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"translation",
"idioms"
],
"title": "Takasugi Shinsaku's quote",
"view_count": 878
} | [
{
"body": "> 「[動]{うご}けば[雷電]{らいでん}の[如]{ごと}く、[発]{はっ}すれば[風雨]{ふうう}の如し。」\n\nYou state that this is a quote from Takasugi, but it is **_not_**. This is how\nTakasugi was metaphorically described **_by others_**.\n\n[This\npage](http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%E9%9B%B7%E7%99%BA%E3%81%99%E3%82%8C%E3%81%B0)\ngives a good translation of the phrase.\n\n\" ** _Moving like the lightning, speaking like the storm._** \"\n\n「発する」 means \"to utter words\" ⇒ \"to speak\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-23T00:33:46.427",
"id": "34295",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-23T07:11:00.623",
"last_edit_date": "2016-05-23T07:11:00.623",
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{
"body": "「動けば雷電の如く、 発すれば風雨の如し」is not a quote from Takasugi Shinsaku. It’s a phrase\ndedicated by Takasugi’s coleague in Yoshida Shoin's private school, 松下村塾, and\nthen Japan’s first Prime Minister, Ito Hirobumi as a part of the epitaph\nengraved in the monument of Takasugi Shinsaku situated in a corner of 東行庵 in\nShimonoseki, Yamaguchi Pref. It was built on May 20, 1911, 44 years after\nTakasugi's death and two years after Ito's death. You can visit and look at\nthe epitaph there today.\n\nThe paragraph of the epitaph in question reads;\n\n「動けば雷電の如く、 発すれば風雨の如し､衆目駭然､敢て正視する者なし｡これ我が東行高杉君に非ずや」,\n\nwhich can be translated as;\n\n“When Takasugi moves, it’s swift like a thunder and lightning. When he utters,\nit’s fierce like a storm and downpour. Everybody was overwhelmed, and nobody\nventures to look at him straight in face. Togyo (a nickname of Shinsaku)\nTakasugi was a man exactly like this.”\n\nthough I'm not very sure of whether 発する can be translated as 'utter a word’.\n\nThe original characters of epitaph was written by Sugi Magoshichiro, and\nengraved by a mason.\n\nThe author, Ito Hiobumi was assasinated by a Korean activist in front of\nHerbin Sation in Manchuria on October 26, 1909 without seeing the completion\nof the Takasugi's monument on which the epitaph he drafted was engraved.",
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| 34294 | 34295 | 34295 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34298",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I am having trouble translating this sentence because of `ても`.\n\n> そんなにゲームばかりして、目が悪くなっ **ても** 知らないわよ。\n\nDoes it mean:\n\n> If you only play the game so much, your eyes will get bad _even if_ you\n> don't know.\n\nI am not sure if that translation makes sense or is correct.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-23T01:05:08.867",
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"owner_user_id": "1346",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "What does ても mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 1229
} | [
{
"body": "> 「そんなにゲームばかりして、目が悪くなっ **ても** 知らないわよ。」\n\nAnd your TL is:\n\n> \"If you play so many games, your eyes will get bad even if **_you don't\n> know_**.\"\n\nThe part that you mistranslated, interestingly, is not even the \"ても\" part\n(\"even if\"). Rather it was the unmentioned subject of the verb 「知らない」.\n\nIt is the speaker who 知らない, not the game-player she is talking to. (I am\nenvisioning a female speaker because of the わよ-ending.)\n\nThis 知らない, though **_very_** often used, is hard to translate, too. It does\n**_not_** mean \"I do not know.\". It is more like \" ** _Don't say I didn't tell\nyou!_** \" or \"I won't be responsible (for that)!\"\n\n\" ** _You just keep playing games; Don't say I didn't tell you (not to) if\nyour eyes went bad_**!\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-23T01:30:16.580",
"id": "34298",
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"score": 11
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| 34297 | 34298 | 34298 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34303",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The もう少し I'm referring to is in the third line of the lyrics of a song called\n[Don't you see!](http://www.kasi-time.com/item-5138.html):\n\n```\n\n もう少しお互いを知り合うには 時間が欲しい\n \n```\n\nMaybe I haven't learned much about the related grammar, but I'm thinking that\nthe もう少し modifies お互いを知り合う. Therefore I'm translating the line into:\n\n```\n\n It requires time for us to get to know each other a little more.\n \n```\n\nHowever, I have seen three translations done by different people, and they all\ntranslated the line in a way that the もう少し modifies the 時間. So instead of\ntranslating the related part as `... get to know each other a little more`,\nthey translated it as `... a little more time ...`\n\nHere are the three translations I saw:\n\n * [Translation 1](http://www.kanzenshuu.com/lyrics/ja-dont_you_see/) (English)\n * [Translation 2](http://lang-8.com/24721/journals/279512094081226055591188795203432280966) (English)\n * [Translation 3](http://blog.xuite.net/atkins440711/twblog/106079703) (Chinese)\n\nAm I misunderstanding anything?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-23T07:08:30.997",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34302",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-23T07:23:16.270",
"last_edit_date": "2016-05-23T07:14:05.247",
"last_editor_user_id": "14487",
"owner_user_id": "14487",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"modification"
],
"title": "How to determine which object this もう少し modifies?",
"view_count": 62
} | [
{
"body": "I agree with you; this もう少し modifies お互いを知りあう. I checked the rest of the\nlyrics and [how she sang this](https://youtu.be/Qscyqf0g5Q8). There was no\nreason to believe this もう少し modifies anything else.\n\nUnsurprisingly, an adverbial phrase tends to modify the closest phrase that\nfollows. 「お互いを知り合うにはもう少し時間が欲しい」 would be the line which should correspond to\nthe translations by others.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-23T07:23:16.270",
"id": "34303",
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"score": 3
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| 34302 | 34303 | 34303 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34308",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> この話{はなし}が事{じ}実{じつ}に基{もと}づいている **という** 証{しょう}拠{こ}はある。\n>\n> _There is evidence that this story is based on facts._\n\nDoes the meaning change if I remove という so it becomes as follows?\n\n> この話{はなし}が事{じ}実{じつ}に基{もと}づいている証{しょう}拠{こ}はある。",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-23T10:33:50.307",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34305",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Do I need to use という in 「この話が事実に基づいているという証拠はある。」?",
"view_count": 203
} | [
{
"body": "> 1)「この話が事実に基づいている **という** 証拠はある。」\n>\n> 2)「この話が事実に基づいている証拠はある。」\n\n1) feels just wholesome and complete. It is something people would actually\nsay and write in real life and it enters my Japanese-speaking brain without\nany constraint whatsoever. Just like Matsuzaka beef, I never have to chew it\nto swallow.\n\n2), however, does not feel as natural as 1). I would not necessarily call it\nincorrect or ungrammatical, but I wonder how many people actually would say or\nwrite it.\n\nIt is not that the \"meaning\" will change if you remove 「という」. It is just that\none would need to spend a minute thinking of an \"appropriate\" situation where\none might say 2).\n\nOne situation where one might say 2) would be when the phrase 「事実に基づいている\n**という** 証拠」 has already been uttered at least once or twice in a conversation\nand then, the same or another person repeats the phrase without 「という」 to make\nit shorter.\n\nWhen you have to stop and think hard of a situation where a phrase could be\nused naturally, you are usually dealing with a not-so-natural phrase to use\nindependently in the first place.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-23T13:28:09.480",
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{
"body": "1)「この話が事実に基づいているという証拠はある」\n\n2)「この話が事実に基づいている証拠はある」\n\nIf I were asked which way of the above two statements I would use when I’m\ndemanding the evidence of a story to somebody, I would more likely use the\nformer.\n\nIt is felt to me the first one is saying “I have the evidence that verifies\nthe story is based on the fact,” and the second one is saying “This story is\nbased on the fact. I have the evidence.”\n\nThe difference is that the word, ‘という’ in the quote 1) links the fact that\n’話が事実に基づいている’ with '証拠,’ while ‘話が事実に基づいている’ in the quote 2) functions as a\nmodifying clause of 証拠.\n\nLikewise we can say either way;\n\n1) 彼の会社が倒産したという話を聞いた – I heard a rumor that his company has bankrupted.\n\n2) 彼の会社が倒産した話を聞いた - I heard a rumor - his company has bankrupted.\n\n1)彼が結婚するという話は本当かい？- Is it true that he is going to marry?\n\n２)彼が結婚する話、本当かい？- He is going to marry. Is that story true?\n\nI’m not sure I was able to reflect the difference of the nuance of “with and\nwithout という” exactly, nor I don’t say 2) is grammatically incorrect either,\nbut am positive that 1) sounds smoother, and more natural than 2), which\nsounds like something lacking to me.",
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| 34305 | 34308 | 34308 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34307",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The って I'm referring to is in the sixth line of the lyrics of a song called\n[Don't you see!](http://www.kanzenshuu.com/lyrics/ja-dont_you_see/) And it is\nright after 楽になる.\n\n```\n\n 信じる事を止めてしまえば 楽になるってわかってるけど\n \n```\n\nJudging from three translations of this song I have been able to find and two\nJapanese-English dictionaries, it seems to me that the って here means \"if ...\nthen\". However, despite my hard searches, I haven't been able to find its\ngrammar (in this meaning) such as under what conditions it can be used or what\nwords it needs to be used together with.\n\nAn brief explanation would be much appreciated.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-23T12:48:43.017",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"particle-って"
],
"title": "Need a brief explanation of the grammar of って when it means \"if ... then\"",
"view_count": 213
} | [
{
"body": "This って is not related to \"if ... then\" described\n[here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18737/5010).\n\nThis って is simply [a colloquial variant of the quotative marker\nと](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3913/5010), which is used with 分かる,\n言う, 考える, etc.\n\nIf you saw \"if\" in someone's translation of this line, that's from the\n[conditional particle ば](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/19489/5010) in\n止めてしまえば. Parse this line like so:\n\n> 「信じる事を止めてしまえば、楽になる」ってわかってるけど",
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| 34306 | 34307 | 34307 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34311",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CrVCM.png)\n\nJust the kanji written out is fine, I can probably figure out what it means on\nmy own.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-23T17:58:50.140",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34309",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-05-23T19:42:56.847",
"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
"owner_user_id": "14510",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"handwriting",
"calligraphy"
],
"title": "What does this say?",
"view_count": 358
} | [
{
"body": "It says\n\n> 廣東名畫家選集\n\n廣東 being the Chinese prefecture Guangdong.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-23T19:54:17.263",
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| 34309 | 34311 | 34311 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34314",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I've been trying to read Japanese articles (easy ones) and was wondering if\nsomeone could explain **how と話す and と言う differ in nuance or meaning**. They\nseem to be used interchangeably.\n\nFor example, how would the following sentence's meaning (assuming my\ntranslation is accurate of course) change if 言っていました were used instead of\n話していました? (This is an article about a Gyouza festival that happened recently by\nthe way).\n\n> 千葉県から来た男性は「いろいろなギョーザを食べることができて、とても楽しいです」と話していました A Man from Chiba-ken said\n> (\"reported\" maybe), \"You can eat many kinds of gyouza. It's a lot of fun.\"\n\nAs a side note, if possible, could someone please address **why 話していました was\nused rather than just 話しました** and how the latter would change the meaning?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-23T18:00:34.453",
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"id": "34310",
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"owner_user_id": "3296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nuances",
"て-form"
],
"title": "Difference between 言う and 話す",
"view_count": 3356
} | [
{
"body": "Roughly speaking, 話す is close to _talk_ or _speak_ , and 言う is close to _say_.\nSometimes they can be used interchangeably (like in your 千葉県の男性 example), but\nsometimes they are not.\n\n * Saying just one word or two is not 話す. 話す is used with a relatively longer story, speech, opinion, lecture, etc.\n * 話す is rarely used without physical vocals. You can safely use 言う for something said in a written article/essay.\n * 言う doesn't necessarily require a listener (i.e., one can 言う something to oneself or to no one), while 話す almost always requires a listener.\n\nAs for your last question, I would say using 話していました is more vivid and\nfavorable than 話しました in a news article like this, but it's difficult for me to\nexplain why. A similar question is asked before: [What's the difference\nbetween「～と言いました」and「～と言っていました」?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/14764/5010)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-23T23:37:06.873",
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"score": 6
}
]
| 34310 | 34314 | 34314 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34313",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "In the ヨコハマ買い出し紀行 manga (v.5 ch.32) there's a sentence\n\n> また、南町にコーヒー豆が **入らなくなってきて** 、今日は、うちも休日。\n\nEnglish translation reads\n\n> I **need** to visit the south town for coffee beans again, but today is a\n> day off at home.\n\nDo I understand it correctly that the actual translation would be closer to\n\n> And again I'm not going _(for some time already)_ to Minamimachi for coffee\n> beans, so today is a day off at home.\n\nand that \" **need** \" is actually not in the sentence itself but is inferred:\n\"I didn't go for some time\" => \"I have to go\"? Or does \"negative verb+なってくる\"\nindeed has the meaning/nuance of \"have to\"?\n\n**Update:** perhaps \"入らなくなってきて\" here actually means \" _it so happened that_\nI'm not going\" - is it so?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-23T22:23:14.953",
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"title": "Any special meaning for \"negative verb+なる (なってくる)\"?",
"view_count": 374
} | [
{
"body": "I might be wrong, but I don't think the English translation you report is\ntotally correct.\n\nI see 入る here as with the meaning of \"get in\", as in the sense of \"arrive\",\n\"get in stock\" since we're talking of coffee beans. The construction then is\nsimply negative + なる(--> て-form) + てーくる. I believe that in this case simply\nてーくる indicates that a certain change (the beans not coming) has been taking\nplace up to now.\n\nHere some explanations about this grammatical structure in general:\n\n<http://www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp/mt/ja/gmod/contents/explanation/087.html>\n\nand in English:\n\n<http://maggiesensei.com/2010/03/13/requested-\nlesson-%E3%80%8C%E3%80%9C%E3%81%A6%E3%81%84%E3%81%8F%EF%BC%8B%E3%80%9C%E3%81%A6%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8B%E3%80%8Dteiku-\ntekuru/>\n\nSo I would translate it roughly as:\n\n_again, coffee beans weren't coming (had not arrived/were not arriving) to the\nsouth town, (hence) today I will also have a day off._\n\nI also think that うち here is used as to express oneself rather than the house\nas a physical object (but it might depend on the other context).\n\nAnyway, I am not a native speaker so take it with a grain of salt, but I think\nwhat I said above is correct.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-23T23:19:11.877",
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"body": "You've already gotten a lot of comments pointing you in the right direction,\nbut why not also a more idiomatic translation; mind, this is without context,\nbut I'm imagining some war / disaster / post apocalyptic situation.\n\nまた、南町にコーヒー豆が入{はい}らなくなってきて、今日は、うちも休日。 \nWith the supply of coffee beans again run dry in Minami-chou, looks like\ntoday's gonna be a day off (for me / us / my store / our store) too.\n\nAgain no beans have come into the city area, so this person, today at least,\nis also forced to not do business (perhaps he runs a cafe?) in addition to\nother stores which are also closed.\n\nThe translation takes a little liberty making the original closer to\n今日は、（仕方なく）うち（の店）も休日（にするしかないみたい）",
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| 34312 | 34313 | 34313 |
{
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"body": "Why is という in ボソニックという食べ物 (for example) written in ひらがな rather than と言う? In my\nunderstanding, ボソニックという食べ物 means \"a food called Bosonic\".",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"spelling"
],
"title": "Why is という in ボソニックという食べ物 (for example) written in ひらがな rather than と言う?",
"view_count": 204
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{
"body": "In this usage, という is almost an independent particle \"that, called, known as\"\nrather than the combination of と + 言う, thus no longer any point to retain\noriginal kanji (that symbolizes the \"real\" meaning). It's just like we spell\nEnglish words _anyway_ , _into_ or _nevertheless_ in one word for the specific\nmeaning.\n\nThat said, it's not a hard rule that you must change kanji usage in this\nmanner. Some people would write 言う all the time, while others would always use\nいう. But it could be said that it's a \"better practice\".\n\nThe question is eventually related to:\n\n * [Kanji or kana in お待ちください](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/26029/7810)\n * [Why are a high proportion of basic Japanese words written in hiragana?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/24068/7810)\n * [Intuitive or logical way to know when to use a kanji spelling vs hiragana spelling?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15713/7810)\n * [Which kanji to use for saying ありがとうございます in emails?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/565/7810)",
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| 34320 | 34321 | 34321 |
{
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"body": "The 少し and は I'm referring to is from the lyrics of a song called [Don't you\nsee!](http://www.kanzenshuu.com/lyrics/ja-dont_you_see/):\n\n```\n\n Don't you see! 願っても祈っても 奇跡 思い出\n 少しは気にかけて\n \n```\n\nI don't quite understand why the `少し` is followed by `は` because `少し` is not a\nnoun and cannot be the main topic of a sentence for `は` to indicate.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particle-は"
],
"title": "Why is this 少し followed by は?",
"view_count": 665
} | [
{
"body": "Here は is not used to make 少し the main topic of the sentence, but it is rather\nused to limit it, in the sense of:\n\n> A little bit, but no more than that\n\nDespite the fact 少し is an adverb, not a noun, it is perfectly acceptable to\nput a は after it, just as it would be safe to put は after words like いっぱい,ちょっと\nand すぐ.\n\nThe particle は can be used in many different contexts, here are a few more\nexamples:\n\n> 少しで **は** ありますが\n>\n> 彼はもう、長く **は** ない\n>\n> 死に **は** しない (しにゃしない）\n>\n> 僕が好きなの **は** 、チョコレートだ\n>\n> 僕に **は** 分かるよ\n>\n> 船で **は** 行けない\n>\n> そうなると **は** 思わなかった。",
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"body": "「[少]{すこ}し」 is basically an adverb, but it also has a **_noun-like usage_** as\nwell, which allows particles such as 「の」 and 「は」 to follow the word directly.\nAny monolingual dictionary would mention this usage, too.\n\n「少し **の** お[金]{かね}」 = \"a small amount of money\"\n\n「少し **の** [我慢]{がまん}」 = \"a little patience\"\n\n「少し」 in 「少し **は** 」 is also used like a noun, but in this case, I would highly\nrecommend that you remember 「少しは」 as a set phrase meaning \" ** _in some\ndegree_** \", \" ** _in some small measure_** \", etc.\n\n「少し **は** [気]{き}にかけて」, thus, means:\n\n> \"Please care a little about me.\", \"Please pay just a little attention to\n> me.\", etc.",
"comment_count": 1,
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| 34324 | 34325 | 34325 |
{
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"body": "「カッコイイのやってみたいと思ってます」 What's meaning of の here? How I understand: (I think) I\nwanna try to do something cool? (I'm not sure about カッコイイの) Thanks for your\nanswer",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-24T11:53:58.080",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation",
"particle-の",
"spoken-language"
],
"title": "Role of の in this sentence",
"view_count": 80
} | [
{
"body": "> 「カッコイイ **の** やってみたいと[思]{おも}ってます。」＝\n>\n> 「カッコイイ **の** + **を** + やってみたいと思ってます。」\n\n「の」 is a nominalizer that turns the adjective 「カッコイイ」 into a noun-like form -\n\"a カッコイイ one\".\n\nWhat the thing is should be clear to _**you**_ from the context. We have no\nway of knowing it here.\n\n> \" _ **I'm hoping to pull off a good one**_.\"\n\n(I just used the adjective \"good\" because I do not know what the object is\nthat is being talked about.)",
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| 34326 | null | 34328 |
{
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"body": "hm.. does this mean \"did he have children?\" or \"was he a child?\" both seem\nirrelevant to the context of the book I'm learning from :/",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-24T13:58:15.643",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"syntax"
],
"title": "やましたせんせいはこどもでしたか",
"view_count": 260
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{
"body": "「山下先生は子供でしたか？」 literally means \"Was Mr. Yamashita a child?\" or \"Was Mr.\nYamashita childish (at that time)?\" 子供だ/子供です means _being_ a child, not\n_having_ a child, of course. 子供だ sometimes can metaphorically mean \"childish\".\n\n\"Did Mr. Yamashita have a child?\" is 「山下先生には子供がいましたか？」",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-24T16:03:58.977",
"id": "34334",
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"body": "Judging from the all-kana sentence, I'm guessing that this is a beginner\nquestion, and as naruto answered, it means \"Was Mr. Yamashita a child?\"\nwithout any other context.\n\nThat said, and just for the fun of scaring beginners, this sentence **can also\nmean** \"Does Mr. Yamashita have children?\", specifically \"You, Mr. Yamashita,\nhave children, right?\"\n\n田中先生：「この間の話の続きですが、私が持っているものは車でしたが、山下先生は子供でしたか。」\n\n山下先生：「そうです。持っているものは子供でした。」\n\nThis is variation on the 僕はうなぎです scenario, for those familiar with it.",
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| 34329 | 34334 | 34334 |
{
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"body": "The いて I'm referring to is in the last line of the lyrics of a song called\n[Don't you see!](http://www.kanzenshuu.com/lyrics/ja-dont_you_see/):\n\n```\n\n 私をつかまえていて\n \n```\n\nSo apparently つかまえて is the て-form of つかまえる. But why is there a いて at the end?",
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"creation_date": "2016-05-24T15:24:42.933",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"て-form"
],
"title": "What's the grammar of て-form + いて?",
"view_count": 10515
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{
"body": "That いて is the te-form of the subsidiary verb いる, followed by て. This\nsubsidiary verb adds the meaning of \"keep ～ing\" in this case, since 捕まえる is a\nverb that describes an action.\n\n * [When is Vている the continuation of action and when is it the continuation of state?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3122/5010)\n\nAnd a te-form at the end of a sentence can be a casual request.\n\n * [Using て form at the end of sentences](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/12026/5010)\n\nSo the whole phrase means something like \"(please) keep hanging on me\" (i.e.,\n\"don't let me go\").",
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"creation_date": "2016-05-24T15:59:00.420",
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"body": "いて is the casual imperative of いる (the same as the て-form).\n\nSo it's now down to what つかまえている means. The て-form of a verb plus いる can have\nmany different translations (and I'm sure you will find many applicable\nquestions on Stack Enchange). I will attempt to distill it to its most general\nsense. The て-form plus いる conveys the **state that the subject is in after\nhaving performed the verb**.\n\nThe て-form plus いる usually translates to the **present progressive** or the\n**present perfect** in English. The best translation depends on context and\nthe type of verb. You could ask yourself, \"What is the subject doing after\nhaving initiated the verb?\" or \"What is the state of the subject after having\ninitiated the verb?\"\n\nIn the case of some verbs (verbs where the action continues after being\ninitiated like 遊ぶ｛あそぶ｝ play, する do, 寝る｛ねる｝ sleep, 泣く｛なく｝ cry, etc.), the state\nthe subject is in is \"still doing the verb\". These situations are best\ntranslated to the English present progressive or variations having the same\nmeaning (遊んでいる｛あそんでいる｝is playing, している is doing, 寝ている｛ねている｝ keeps sleeping,\n泣いている｛ないている｝ continues to cry, etc.)\n\nIn the case of other verbs (verbs where the actions are momentary and result\nin a new state rather than a continuing state like 帰る｛かえる｝ return home, 着く｛つく｝\narrive at, 死ぬ｛しぬ｝ die, etc.), the subject does not continue the verb but\nrather is currently in the state of \"having done the verb\". These cases are\nusually best translated as the present perfect in English 帰っている｛かえっている｝ have\nreturned home, 着いている｛ついている｝ have arrived at, 死んでいる｛しんでいる｝ have died.\n\nSo in your case, ask yourself, \"What is the current state after the subject\ngrabs hold of (catches, holds, seizes) the object?\" The state is that she is\n\"holding the object (or continuing to hold, keeping hold, etc.).\n\nSo making that into a command, you have\n\n> Keep holding onto me.",
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| 34332 | 34335 | 34333 |
{
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"body": "A frequent example used when saying that the definition of 'word' is fluid in\nJapanese particles, which can be viewed as separate words or affixes. I want\nto know whether a native speaker would say that, for example, 私は was one word\nor two.",
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"creation_date": "2016-05-24T16:21:19.460",
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"tags": [
"words",
"particles"
],
"title": "Do native speakers consider particles separate words?",
"view_count": 1113
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{
"body": "Yes, they consider them two words. I'm curious to know who would call them\naffixes.",
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"body": "To answer your question, 私は has two words but other similar expression might\nnot.\n\nI think a part of your confusion comes from what affix means. In the most\nbasic words, an affix changes meaning of the word to which it is attached.\nConsider these example in addition to 私は. 私に、私へ、私が、私を、私と, and etc....Do you\nsee that some of what follows 私 could be easily translated to \"to\" or \"with\"?\nI believe they are words, though that is not to say all of those can be\nconsideted word. While the meaning of the phrase changes (from subject to\nobject, In a away), the meaning of 私 remains unchanged so these are not affix.\nYet, there is no direct \"word\" to describe を or が so they really aren't word\nin the strictest sense.\n\nYou might argue that there is a difference between I and me, which is the\ndifference between some of the examples above. But remember, we dont have a\nconcept of that. The above example shows how we use the same word to mean I or\nme.",
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"body": "This is a simple and casual question, but it doesn't mean the answer would be\nlikewise. Sometimes a very basic notion in a language turns out to be\ncompletely absent in another. One of my favorite examples is [\"Framing a\nquestion whose answer is an ordinal\nnumber\"](https://english.stackexchange.com/q/11481) on English.SE.\n\nSo, conclusion first, if you ask this to native speakers, I'm afraid answers\nwould vary according to personal opinions, because all we can do is to find\ncounterparts from foreign languages we know (that have solid notion of \"word\")\nbefore we decide yes and no. It's very similar to how we sometimes casually\nsay 行った is 過去形 (past tense) or 先生たち is 複数形 (plural), where the analogy goes\npretty promising at first, but eventually fail at some point.\n\nThe difficulty around the question is twofold:\n\n 1. **Word has little practical use in Japanese** \nIn word-dividing languages we must have knowledge about what's word and what's\nnot, otherwise we can't write correctly. Naturally we come to have a grasp of\n\"word-ness\" even when we don't write. But in Japanese, we don't put spaces in\nsentence, don't count by word for amount of text, thus don't pay attention to\nhow many words are in a phrase. I guess most people don't have slight thought\nabout it until they're asked.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xiWdv.jpg) \n(Right: \"Come back when you've summarized it succinctly within 20\ncharacters!\")\n\nJust to be sure, I'm not saying that native speakers cannot perceive noun and\nparticle as separate \"units\". _Blackboard_ is easily divided into two\nelements, but it's still one word, at least orthographically.\n\n 2. **Japanese particle is neither standalone word nor affix** \nOne of presuppositions behind the question is that, if something isn't a\nstandalone word (linguists call it _free morpheme_ ), it must be an affix (\n_bound morpheme_ ). This law of excluded middle doesn't hold in Japanese. What\nwe call particle (助詞) in Japanese is established as\n_[clitic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clitic)_ , which is in short, what\nmeans like word but sounds like affix. It's a relatively new term, but it\ndoesn't mean that it's a creation by linguists to obfusticate people. Rather,\nit's something hadn't had name due to its marginal presence in European\nlanguages, whereas it abounds in some other parts of world. Japanese language\nhas \"real\" words and affixes besides particles, so particles are, after all,\nparticles.\n\nHow clitics are processed in space-inserting orthography is complicated and\nusually tied with etymology: no space (Latin _populus **que**_ ), always\nspaced (Polish _zaloguj **się**_ ), hyphened (Portuguese _conjuga- **me**_ ),\napostrophed (English _I' **ll**_ ), or affected by other factors (French _Je\n**te** vois_ / _Je **t** 'aime_). You can see there's no decisive answer\nwhether clitics should fall under word or affix, from the standpoint of\ngrammar as well as writing (well, because they're neither...).",
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| 34336 | 36491 | 36491 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34342",
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"body": "First of all, is that even what this is, and is there a term for it? For\nexample, in a certain application's settings menu there is an option for\nvibration sensitivity that looks like this:\n\n> 感度:\n>\n> 強 中 弱\n\nI have three thoughts for what 強 and 弱 might be:\n\n 1. i-adjectives with the い removed.\n 2. Full words (きょう and じゃく?)\n 3. Not words at all, but Kanji used to convey meaning directly (are these pronounceable then?)\n\nSo what are these, and if the answer is option #1 or #3, are there any solid\nrules for when it is okay to write like this?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-24T18:46:48.107",
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"owner_user_id": "10407",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"kanji"
],
"title": "Abbreviating words by removing their okurigana",
"view_count": 192
} | [
{
"body": "They are **labels** , primarily intended to be quickly understood by eye, and\nhow to read is secondary matter. Since they aren't explicitly tied to single\nspoken words, they are closest to #3 in your options.\n\nYou can deliberately choose how to read as long as the meaning matches the\nkanji. In this case, I'd pronounce:\n\n * 強: きょう, つよい or つよ\n * 中: ちゅう (なか isn't valid as it only means \"inside\")\n * 弱: じゃく, よわい or よわ\n\nThere is an interesting post on a Japanese forum about [how to read 入／切\n(\"on/off\") on electrical\nswitches](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1336243563),\nand everyone seems to have his/her own opinion:\n\n * 入: いる, いり, はいる, いれる, にゅう, オン\n * 切: きる, きり, きれる, せつ, オフ",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-24T20:08:00.800",
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| 34340 | 34342 | 34342 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34348",
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"body": "Is 「持っていっ **ていい** 」 just 「持っていっ **てもいい** 」 with the 「も」 omitted?\n\nI know 「てもいい」 means something along the lines of \"may I\" etc, is it the same\nfor 「ていい」 or is there a slight difference?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-24T19:00:42.387",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"meaning",
"particle-も"
],
"title": "「持っていっていい」 same as ? 「持っていってもいい」?",
"view_count": 192
} | [
{
"body": "Try translating the も as \"still\".\n\n> 持っていっていい？ lit. _Is it okay when I take it away/off?_ \n> 持っていってもいい？ lit. _Is it **still** okay when I take it away/off?_\n\nSo, the nuance is the latter expects more possibility it could make\ninconvenience, thus asks more carefully on whether they don't mind. The\ndifference is, however, minimized in affirmative/interrogative sentences\ncompared to negative sentences.\n\n> 来なくていい。 lit. _It is okay when you don't come. (You're not needed!)_ \n> 来なくてもいい。 lit. _It is **still** okay when you don't come. (It's not\n> compulsory.)_\n\nWhile they both can be translated \"don't have to\", the former is practically\ndiscouraging the hearer, and you may want to use the latter for neutral \"may\nor may not\" sense to avoid unnecessary misunderstandings :)",
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"creation_date": "2016-05-25T08:19:49.563",
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| 34341 | 34348 | 34348 |
{
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"body": "I looked up the definition of the word 預金{よきん} and my English-Japanese\ndictionary translates it as \"deposit\", \"savings\", and \"account\". One of the\nWWWJDIC definitions is also \"bank account\". I understand \"deposit\" and\n\"savings\", but \"account\" doesn't make sense to me. The Japanese translation\ndoesn't mention anything about \"account\" either:\n\n> 金銭を銀行その他の金融機関にあずけること。また，あずけた金銭。\n\nThat seems to suggest that 預金{よきん} refers to the actual money in the bank, not\nthe account containing it. However, I'm confused by words like 預金残高{よきんざんだか},\nwhich is often translated as \"account balance\", and 当座預金{とうざよきん}, which is\n\"checking account\". If you add 口座{こうざ} (account) to the end, it becomes\n当座預金口座{とうざよきんこうざ}, which is still \"checking account\", not \"checking account\naccount\".\n\nSo does 預金{よきん} really mean account, or is that additional meaning tacked on\nin Japanese-English dictionaries to avoid awkward translations like \"deposits\nbalance\" or \"wire it to my checking\"? Or is 預金{よきん} just a short form for\n預金口座{よきんこうざ}?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-25T06:56:32.793",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "Can 預金 mean account?",
"view_count": 1029
} | [
{
"body": "I guess that this is one of those examples where translation becomes really\nhard and, in a way, a bit ambiguous either way. At this point I would rather\nsee the general meaning in Japanese and associate it to whatever the closest\nimage that I can get in my mind, rather than thinking of a specific word.\n\nHowever, when we have to translate, we need words and choosing the most\naccurate ones might be as tricky as interesting.\n\nTo get to your question, what does actually \"account\" even mean in English?\nLet's look it up on a dictionary. Obviously at first we all think about the\n\"physical account\", with the standard meaning of:\n\na. _A formal banking, brokerage, or business relationship established to\nprovide for regular services, dealings, and other financial transactions._\n\nHowever, if we keep reading we find out that actually _account_ also means:\n\nc. _A sum of money deposited for checking, savings, or brokerage use._\n\n(The above examples are taken from here:\n<http://www.thefreedictionary.com/account>)\n\nTherefore, if you think that in English as well the word account has the\nmeaning given above I would say that the answer is yes, it can actually mean\naccount (since also in English account might refer to the money, like the\ndefinition you give in Japanese).\n\nIn the end I guess that the confusion can mostly rise from the fact that in\nEnglish as well account has different meanings although we usually think of\none (example a.).\n\nBy the way, another example to add to your question is 普通預金{ふつうよきん} that can\nbe translated as \"ordinary account\".\n\nI think that also reading the wiki page for 預金 might give more insight:\n\n<https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%90%E9%87%91>\n\nEdit: to add more to it, I think it's interesting here to look at the kanji 預\nby itself. This has the meaning of deposit, custody, entrust to etc (think it\nas the verb 預ける for example). So you can think of 預金 as a sum of money that is\nbeing entrusted/deposited to someone/somewhere. The exact same definition of\n\"account\" in English that I reported above in case you're putting it in a\nbank...account. :)",
"comment_count": 2,
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"body": "預金 is the actual money in the bank. It isn't a short form for 預金口座. 口座 is an\naccount in banks.\n\n当座預金 is mainly used by companies and a sole proprietor and checks and bills\ninstead of money are used there. 当座預金口座 is an account of 当座預金 in banks.\n\n預金残高 is a credit balance, that is to say, the actual money in the bank.\n\nIn addition, the word \"account\" have some meanings and it seem to be able to\nmean money but I don't use the word \"account\" as the meaning of money but\ndepositing and paying place in banks,",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-25T08:37:59.613",
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| 34346 | 34349 | 34347 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34373",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Do we need to nominalize 彼が戻る with の to create an interrogative clause? Is B\nnot enough?\n\n> A: 彼が戻るのか知らないんです。\n>\n> B: 彼が戻るか知らないんです。",
"comment_count": 7,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-25T10:29:19.383",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"nominalization",
"subordinate-clauses",
"interrogatives"
],
"title": "Is nominalization necessary in 「彼が戻るのか知らないんです。」？",
"view_count": 278
} | [
{
"body": "No, you don't need it unless the sentence has どうして or なぜ.\n\n(Incidentally, わからない is better rather than 知らない here.)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-25T15:55:47.173",
"id": "34366",
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"body": "This の is not the nominalizing の, it's the explanatory の, as in\n「ちょっと話{はな}したいことがあるのですが。」\"There is something I would like to talk to you about\n(explanatory tone).\" When used in a question, it takes the reverse nuance of\nseeking an explanation, as in 「どこにいたの？」\"Where were you? (seeking\nexplanation).\"\n\nIn your example sentences, the の is technically unnecessary, as both A and B\nare perfectly grammatical, however the nuance and tone sound very different.\n\nSentence B: 「彼{かれ}が戻る{もどる}か知{し}らないんです。」sounds very literal and matter-of-fact,\nas in \"I don't know whether he'll return.\"\n\nSentence A: 「彼が戻るのか知らないんです。」makes the speaker sound a little more curious\nabout the fate of this man (since the speaker is now seeking an explanation),\nas in \"I don't know whether he'll return (but am curious to find out).\"\n\nFinally, it's interesting to note that both sentences also feature 〜んです at the\nend, which is a common contraction for 〜のです that is easier to say and sounds\nsofter. This 知らないんです is simply telling the listener that they are trying to\nexplain the range of what they know.",
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"creation_date": "2016-05-25T18:19:28.307",
"id": "34373",
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"body": "What skywalker said is mostly correct, but using の after 戻る makes no sense as\nthat is not the final/controlling verb of the sentence. If you did want to add\nthe explanatory/expecting an answer nuance then you would do it by adding のだ\nor のか to the end of the sentence.\n\nAs for what user4092 said, the correct verb is 知る, but native Japanese\nspeakers will often use 分かる inappropriately in situations where the former is\ncalled for so everyone will understand you either way.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-25T23:51:42.133",
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| 34350 | 34373 | 34366 |
{
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"body": "「くじけずに、前を向きたい」 I can't find this word in vocabulary, but somebody me said that\nits meaning \"Don't give up\" or \"Work hard\". But I'm not sure in it. If it's\ntruth, the sentence must be \"Don't give up, I want to be suitable for you\"? or\nmaybe correctly \"Don't give up, I want to see(to meet?) you\" Thanks for answer",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-25T11:03:38.217",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34351",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What's meaning of word くじけずに",
"view_count": 137
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{
"body": "How about \"keep going, I want to think positively.\"?\n\nくじける means collapse, falter, stagger. ず is a old verbal auxiliary of ない which\nis used as negative.\n\nThe Literal translation of 前を向く is \"face forward\" but it is often used as the\nmeaning of \" to think positively\".",
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"creation_date": "2016-05-25T11:25:42.107",
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| 34351 | null | 34352 |
{
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"body": "When I read the following sentence,\n\n> 少しでも長生きをという願いをかなえるために、医療は目覚ましい進歩を遂げてきた。\n\nI think there is a missing verb as indicated as follows.\n\n> 少しでも長生きを **[missing verb]** という願いをかなえるために、医療は目覚ましい進歩を遂げてきた。\n\nWhy can を be followed by non-verb? What kind of grammar is being applied here?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-25T11:55:52.580",
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"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Why can を be followed by a non-verb?",
"view_count": 146
} | [
{
"body": "As you have correctly guessed, this と is the quotative particle and the part\nbefore it is a quote.\n\n> 「少しでも長生きを」という願いをかなえるために、医療は目覚ましい進歩を遂げてきた。\n\nA sentence that ends with を is commonly used as an expression which means\n\"We/I/You need/want ～\", \"Give us ～\", \"Accomplish ～\", etc., depending on the\ncontext.\n\n * See: [Making sense of をと](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/20954/5010)\n * Example: <http://www.hyogoben.or.jp/activity/index-02.html>\n\nOne may say that a verb したい is omitted in this particular case, because 長生き is\nusually used with する:\n\n> 「少しでも長生きを **（したい）** 」という願いを…\n\nBut I don't think people bother to imagine the omitted verb in a case like\nthis. Perhaps what you have to understand is that the noun mentioned before を\nis strongly desired.",
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| 34353 | 34354 | 34354 |
{
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"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/nb5II.png)\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/J40vY.png)\n\nWhat do パシヤ（or パシャ) and しみる mean?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-25T12:52:13.743",
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"id": "34355",
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"last_editor_user_id": "1628",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"words",
"onomatopoeia"
],
"title": "The meaning of words from an image パシヤ （or パシャ） and しみる",
"view_count": 1439
} | [
{
"body": "「パシャ」 is the onomatopoeia for the sound made when pressing on the shutter-\nrelease button on a camera.\n\n「しみる」 has many meanings, but your image would suggest that the word is being\nused for the meaning of \"I'm deeply moved.\" or \"(Something) is going straight\nto my heart.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-25T13:01:29.070",
"id": "34356",
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| 34355 | null | 34356 |
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"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UBsfk.jpg)\n\nAbout the second word after 「リミット」. I guess that it's a museum, but then the\nquestion is: How can be linked the word \"limit\" and \"museum\". Is it just\n\"limit-museum\" (but it's sounds a little strange)? And what is モノ and how to\nuse it when I'm translating? Thanks for answer!",
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"creation_date": "2016-05-25T14:07:02.050",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the second word after the 「リミット」 and what is モノ(there is an image)",
"view_count": 100
} | [
{
"body": "I'll just say \"Limit museum\" as it's just a name. As for モノ, it's the same\nword as 物 but it sounds a bit more \"likable\" or kind of cute if that makes\nsense.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-25T14:27:39.583",
"id": "34358",
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"body": "That is:\n\nリミット資料館{しりょうかん}~絵{え}を[描]{えが}くときに役立{やくだ}っているモノたち~\n\n資料館 means indeed museum, reference library, archive. The second part of the\nthe sentence I think could be translated as \"useful things when drawing a\npicture/making a painting\". That モノ is indeed 物 and probably is in katakana to\nput emphasis on that word (in Japanese often katakana is used in that way).\n\nAs for limit yes, I don't know the context but it seems indeed just the name\nof the place.",
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| 34357 | null | 34359 |
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"body": "I chanced upon a Facebook advertisement of an airline with the following\nsentence.\n\n香港国際空港にあるキャセイパシフィック航空の「ザ・ピア」ビジネスクラスラウンジ。\n\nI understand what it is trying to say. However, I was wondering what if I\njumble the words and say it this way:\n\nキャセイパシフィック航空の「ザ・ピア」ビジネスクラスラウンジは香港国際空港にある。\n\nDoes it sound like a child is saying it? I wonder if the first sentence is a\nmore preferred way to say it? Or the second structure is invalid?\n\nIs there a specific sentence pattern for this?\n\nThanks",
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"syntax"
],
"title": "Two ways to say the same sentence: which is correct?",
"view_count": 121
} | [
{
"body": "The first is translated as ビジネスクラスラウンジ「ザ・ピア」 of キャセイパシフィック航空 which is in\n香港国際空港.\n\nThe second is translated as ビジネスクラスラウンジ「ザ・ピア」 of キャセイパシフィック航空 is in 香港国際空港.\n\nThe both are correct and the first one is a noun phrase, the second one is a\nsentence.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-25T15:15:18.330",
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| 34360 | null | 34361 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34364",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "The title of Hyperdimension Neptunia game in Japanese is written as 超次元ゲイム\nネプテューヌ. My question is, why Neptune is written as such? Shouldn't the \"tu\" in\nNeptune be be written as \"tyu\" （チュ）since it is read as Ne-pu-tyu-nu?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-25T15:26:24.017",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34362",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "6978",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"katakana",
"kana-usage"
],
"title": "Why is it that Neptune's name is written as ネプテューヌ and not ネプチュヌ?",
"view_count": 512
} | [
{
"body": "Simply the stylistic choice to use a variant pronunciation. [tju], [tʃu], and\n[tu] are all allophones in English. Japanese typically uses [t͡ɕu] (close to\n[tʃu]) for Neptune because it's the closest match to the native phonological\n\"rules\". This atypical (much more so than トゥ) form is just \"artistic freedom\"\nIMO.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-25T15:51:13.083",
"id": "34364",
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| 34362 | 34364 | 34364 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/dETVr.jpg)Dictionary\nsilent, but in the manga page, I met two such words. What does it mean?デコグッズ\nand タモ. Thanks for your answer!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-25T15:29:07.010",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34363",
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"owner_user_id": "14377",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What's meaning of デコグッズ、タモ",
"view_count": 116
} | [
{
"body": "Yeah, pretty sure デコグッズ is a short for デコレーショングッズ, which literally means\n\"decoration goods\". たも is a kind of a fishing net, you can see what it looks\nlike if you search for it in Google Images. I don't know what dictionary\nyou're using, but for example jisho.org knows what it is. Or were you confused\nby the fact that it's written in katakana here? That's actually pretty normal,\nsee [here](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/1930/why-are-katakana-\npreferred-over-hiragana-or-kanji-sometimes) for more info.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 34363 | null | 34365 |
{
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"body": "「今野のケータイのデザインを決める時にいくつか入手したのですがすごくカワイイです 時に」 I don't quite understand the\nmeaning of sentence due 時にいくつか As I suppose the translation maybe: It's a few\nto determine Konno's mobile design, when it was obtained, but it's very cute!\nBut it isn't right translation. Maybe something like this or not. Thanks for\nyour help",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-25T17:22:05.120",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34368",
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"post_type": "question",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "How to understand the meaning 時にいくつか in this sentence?",
"view_count": 125
} | [
{
"body": "It's 決める時に、いくつか. I.e. `I got a few, when we decided on the design`.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-25T17:41:45.850",
"id": "34372",
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| 34368 | null | 34372 |
{
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"body": "I came across this sentence in my JLPT mock test book:\n\n> 今の暮らしにはモノが溢れ、 **捨てても捨てても** 増え続ける。\n\nI don't understand what kind of grammar and what is the meaning of the bold\nphrase. It looks like an expression.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-25T17:23:12.027",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning",
"words",
"jlpt",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "捨てても捨てても - what does this phrase mean?",
"view_count": 177
} | [
{
"body": "Unless it's an expression that I've never heard before, it just sounds like a\nstraight-forward, emphatically figurative translation.\n\n> In my life right now, (I'm) overflowing/inundated with things; (such that)\n> even if I throw them away [twice for emphasis], they continue increasing.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-25T17:38:40.427",
"id": "34370",
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{
"body": "It's a phrase to express \"despite doing it over and over\". You can use it with\nother verbs e.g. 食べても食べてもお腹がいっぱいにならない、拭いても拭いても落ちない etc",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-25T17:39:29.980",
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| 34369 | 34371 | 34371 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> 「制服を買ってみたのは はじめてです」\n\nIn this sentence what's meaning みたのは? So somebody said me that it's meaning \"I\nhave got a uniform\". But I want know whe (and what is meaning) here there is\nみたのは？Thanks for your answer!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-25T20:02:11.050",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34375",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-05-26T05:54:03.223",
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"owner_user_id": "14377",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Please, explain みたのは",
"view_count": 217
} | [
{
"body": "<テ形> みる means \"try (something) and see,\" and in this sentence の turns the\npreceding verbal phrase into a noun describing the action, \"the time [I] tried\n(doing something)\". は marks this whole thing as the topic of the sentence.\n\nIt's not quite \"I got a uniform,\" I don't think, but that's the gist of it; I\nmight say \"This is the first time I tried to buy a uniform.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-25T20:33:23.447",
"id": "34376",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "It's probably 買ってみた and not 買て since て-form of 買う is 買って.\n\n> **[制服を買ってみた] のは [はじめて] です** \n> • 制服: Seifuku (school uniform) \n> • 買う: Kau (to buy) \n> • 買ってみた：Tried things then bought it. みた is the past form of 見る。 \n> _-> Formula (V-て) + みる(look) : Do something in order to see what will\n> happens / see the result of it (Try)_ \n> • のは is particle. The の package _[Try uniform and bought it]_ as a noun,\n> and は marks it as a topic. \n> • はじめて：Hajimete (The first time) \n>\n\nSo it literally means: \n_About [Trying school uniform and then bought it], this is [the first time]._ \n \nNatural translation: \n_It is my first time to tried and bought a school uniform._\n\nCMWII",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-26T05:48:16.903",
"id": "34381",
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| 34375 | null | 34376 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34383",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I know that ましょう form changes the verb meaning into \"Let's\". As in 行きましょう\n'Let's go' or あそびましょう 'Let's play'.\n\nBut もらう verb means that something good is done by another person in which we\nare grateful. Would it means something like \"Let's make someone do something\ngood to us\" ?\n\nFor example: しずかさんにすてきな歌を歌ってもらいましょう。 What I catch is: 'Let's (make someone)\nsing a good song for Shizuka'. Is this correct?",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-26T05:27:10.753",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34379",
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"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "14542",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "もらいましょう meaning in a sentence",
"view_count": 973
} | [
{
"body": "\"Make\" is kind of strong as a translation. てもらう generally suggests that you\nare _having_ someone do something for you, for your benefit, with implied\ngratitude. Also, as user dainichi also pointed out, while it technically could\nmean having someone sing to Shizuka, in all likelihood the speaker is talking\nabout having Shizuka do the singing. You should remember 〇〇に△△をしてもらう as\n\"having ○ do △,\" and the added ましょう is only the \"let's\" that you picked up on.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-26T06:00:00.487",
"id": "34383",
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| 34379 | 34383 | 34383 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "「わかり **あえない** 」 I can guess that it is: Don't find understanding. But I'm not\nsure in it due あえない I tried to find the answer and I met the verb **会える**. But\nI could not find the word in the dictionary. I guess it's almost the same as\nthat **会う** Thanks for your help!",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-26T11:08:08.203",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34386",
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"owner_user_id": "14377",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "How to understand あえない in わかりあえない",
"view_count": 161
} | [
{
"body": "わかりあえない is a **negative potential** form of わかりあう (分かり合う）\n\n> わかりあ **う** ：To understand each other / to comprehend \n> わかりあ **える** ：(potential form) **Able** to understand each other /\n> comprehend \n> わかりあ **えない** : (negative-potential form) **Not** **Able** to understand\n> each other / comprehend",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-26T11:23:28.690",
"id": "34387",
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| 34386 | null | 34387 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34398",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I see both 夢を見せる and 夢を見る spoken by Japanese. Do they have the completely same\nmeaning?\n\n \n== Update ==\n\nI'm referring to a 夢を見せて which is from the lyrics of a song called\n[おはよう。](http://www.kasi-time.com/item-12377.html)\n\nThe full version is a bit long. Here is [the shorter\nversion](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M1GJfw0xu8A), and the 夢を見せて is in the\nsecond line. The context is:\n\nまた“おはよう”って言って \nまた夢を見せて \n今日も元気で過ごせたらイイよね",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-26T13:25:54.010",
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"id": "34390",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"song-lyrics"
],
"title": "Is 夢を見せる the same as 夢を見る?",
"view_count": 996
} | [
{
"body": "They are different verbs. 見せる is \"to show\" while 見る is \"to see\".\n\n> 夢【ゆめ】を見せる【みせる】 to show a dream \n> 夢【ゆめ】を見る【みる】 to look at/see a dream",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-26T17:14:56.673",
"id": "34394",
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{
"body": "夢を見る means \"dream\" as a verb, or see a dream, as in \"ハーバードに入るという夢を見る - dream\nof entering Harvard University,\" and \"昨晩、母の夢を見た - I had a dream of my mother\nlast night.\"\n\n夢を見せる means to give a dream, as in \"子供たちに明るい日本の将来の夢を見せる - give a dream of the\nbright future of Japan to children.\"\n\nまた夢を見せて can be translated as \"Let me see (that wonderful) dream once more.\"",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-26T20:03:32.813",
"id": "34398",
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| 34390 | 34398 | 34398 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34396",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Would someone please explain how the Japanese would most naturally state that\ntwo \"words\" (関係 and 関連 for example) have approximately the same meaning?\n\nMy best bet is either\n\n> 「関係」と「関連」の意味は同じぐらいです。\n\nor\n\n> 「関係」の意味は「関連」のと同じぐらいです。\n\nDo either of these sound more natural? And for that matter, are they both\ngrammatical?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-26T17:50:40.210",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34395",
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"owner_user_id": "3296",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice"
],
"title": "Expressing that two words have the same meaning",
"view_count": 614
} | [
{
"body": "The most natural way is probably:\n\n> 「関係」と「関連」は同じような意味（の言葉）です。 \n> 「関係」と「関連」は似たような意味（の言葉）です。\n\nYou can also swap particles to say 「関係」は「関連」と…, in this case, the subject will\nbe different but the meaning is practically the same.\n\n(In case you might wonder why we can end the sentence with 意味です even though\nthey are \"words\" and not \"meanings\", it's a kind of difficult matter to\nexplain, but you can think in a way that `[noun]だ` sometimes stands for \"be of\n[noun]\" instead of \"be [noun]\".)\n\nぐらい is only used for comparison of **amount** (high or low, big or small\netc.), and in this context you can't compare \"how much meaning\" they have.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-26T18:26:31.100",
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| 34395 | 34396 | 34396 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34406",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Jim is at home, and it is currently 9:00. He has plans to meet up with a\nfriend later, and has to leave at 9:30 to be on time for it. He decides that,\nduring the half-hour of waiting, he'd get out his computer and work on some\nstuff he needs to do.\n\nAfter a while of working, he looks up at the clock, and... oh no! It's 9:45!\nHe's late!\n\nHe scrambles out the door and meets up with his friend--late, of course. As he\narrives, he wants to explain that he _lost track of time_ , causing him to be\nlate.\n\nAnd then he remembers he's meeting with the friend that only speaks Japanese.\n\nWhat expression could he use to convey the same thing as English phrase \"lose\ntrack of time\", or equivalently mean that **more time passed than it felt\nlike**?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-26T20:21:06.923",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34399",
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"owner_user_id": "9749",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"expressions"
],
"title": "Expression for \"lose track of time\"",
"view_count": 1113
} | [
{
"body": "Most commonly, we would say:\n\n「[時間]{じかん}がたつのを[忘]{わす}れちゃって。」（「～～ちゃって」＝「～～てしまって」）\n\n「時間を忘れちゃって。」\n\n「時間の[感覚]{かんかく}がわからなくなっちゃって。」\n\nSince Jim is talking to a friend, I used the informal form 「ちゃって」. He could\nadd 「パソコン（を）いじってたら」 in front of each phrase above.\n\nI am sure you know you can end a sentence with 「ちゃって」 or 「しまって」 in casual\nspeech.",
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{
"body": "つい is what a textbook I have, _An integrated approach to intermediate\nJapanese_ , used in a somewhat similar situation. I reckon it is often used\nwith V+込む, but I've heard it used as plainly as 「`<reason>`、つい。」 [1]\n\nThis is the context it was used in:\n\n> ジェイソン \n>\n> 「実は、アメリカの同じ大学からほかの大学に留学している友達と、街でばったり出会ったもんですから、喫茶店やレストランで話しているうちにどんどん時間が経っちゃって……。」\n>\n> お母さん \n>\n> 「せっかく晩ご飯を作って待っているのに、帰ってきてくれないとがっかりしちゃうし、気にもなるしね。それに、夜遅くまで帰ってこないと、本当に心配になって、どうしても眠れないのよ。」\n>\n> ジェイソン \n> 「どうもすみません。電話しよう電話しようと思ってたんですけど、つい話し込んじゃって。」\n\nAnother example from the book:\n\n> 話をしていて、つい時間を忘れてしまった。\n\n* * *\n\n[1] `<reason>` could be l'électeur's パソコンをいじってたら, for example.",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 34399 | 34406 | 34406 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How to understand やすくて in this sentence:\n\n> 制服を買ってみたのは はじめてですが \n> 見やすくてとても助かっています！\n>\n> At first time I tried to buy an uniform, but...\n\n安くて is て-form of 安い, right?\n\nI can guess that in English it may be:\n\n> At first time I tried to buy an uniform, but it looks cheap...\n\nor something like this.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-26T21:38:50.203",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34401",
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"owner_user_id": "14377",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "How to understand やすくて in this sentence?",
"view_count": 162
} | [
{
"body": "No, it is not 安い; it is 易い. [Verb stem] + やすい means \"easy to 〜\".\n\nSo it is a uniform that is \"easy to see\" (or possibly figuratively \"looks\ngood\").",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-26T21:46:26.223",
"id": "34402",
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}
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| 34401 | null | 34402 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34404",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have been reading Colorless Tsukuru by Murakami in Japanese. I came across a\nsentence where I understand the spirit of what it is saying but can't quite\nsee how it translates. I was wondering if anyone could help me..\n\nThe context is that the main character Tsukuru has been going round to old\nfriends houses and has been given the cold shoulder and he can't work out\nwhy.. The whole passage is:\nしかしそれがいったいどんなことなのか、どんなことであり得るのか、いくら考えてもおもい当たる節はなかった。 My understanding is this\nmeans: (broken up into sentences)\n\nしかしそれがいったいどんなことなのか However what the heck were these things? (that he is\nsupposed to have done)\n\nどんなことであり得るのか what could it possibly have been?\n\nいくら考えてもおもい当たる節はなかった No matter how much I thought about it I couldn’t pinpoint\nthe exact moment\n\nI'm pretty happy with my translations but I'm not sure about:\nしかしそれがいったいどんなことなのか\n\nI sort of get what its saying but I'm wondering if anyone is more familiar\nwith this sentence structure. I think its saying _\"However what the heck were\nthese things?\" (that he is supposed to have done)_",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-26T22:24:03.900",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34403",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-27T00:58:06.373",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "11023",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "しかしそれがいったいどんなことなのか - \"what the heck could have it been?\" not sure of translation",
"view_count": 178
} | [
{
"body": "I have just read this part of the novel in the original myself in search of\nsome context (because what the original says matters the most.).\n\nHere is the context/background for the other users.\n\nTsukuru goes to college in Tokyo, away from his hometown. As he is not very\nsociable, he has made but a few friends in Tokyo. When he goes home during his\nschool breaks, however, he has good ol' friends (namely, four of them) that he\nchills out with. When Tsukuru goes home in the summer of his sophomore year,\nhe tries to contact the four by phone. No matter how many times he calls their\nhomes, however, he is told that his buddies are not home by the other family\nmembers. Tsukuru starts suspecting that his friends are actually home but want\nto pretend, for some reason, that they are not.\n\n「 **何か** があったのかもしれないとつくるは思った。自分がいない間にここで **何か**\nが起こって、それで人々は彼に対して距離を置くようになったのだ。なにかしら不適当な、好ましくない出来事が。しかし **それ**\nがいったいどんなことなのか、どんなことであり得るのか、いくら考えても思い当たる節はなかった。」\n\nIn the phrase 「しかし **それ** がいったいどんなことなのか」, 「それ」 refers to 「何か」 that precedes -\n**_this (unknown) 'thing' that is happening between Tsukuru and his old\nbuddies_**. The phrase should be taken literally here. My own TL would be:\n\n> \"But what the heck this _thing_ was all about\"\n\nThe \"that he is supposed to have done\" part of your TL is neither said nor\nimplied in the original.\n\n> \"But what the heck this _thing_ was all about, and what it could _possibly_\n> have been, any way you sliced it, it did not ring a bell.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-27T00:09:36.873",
"id": "34404",
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}
]
| 34403 | 34404 | 34404 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34409",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "It is a step how to use coffee filter.\n\n> 圧着部分を図１，２のように交互に折り込 **み** ドリッパーの内側にピッタリと装着します。\n\nIn my opinion, it should be\n\n 1. 圧着部分を図１，２のように交互に折り込み - Fold the filter alternately following to the diagram 1 and 2 to be crimps.\n\n 2. ドリッパーの内側にピッタリと装着します - put the folded filter onto the coffee dripper firmly.\n\nOtherwise, it should use て-form verb to combine the 2 activities like this:\n圧着部分を図１，２のように交互に折り込 **んで**...",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-27T05:02:59.027",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34407",
"last_activity_date": "2018-10-29T09:25:15.387",
"last_edit_date": "2018-10-29T09:25:15.387",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"renyōkei"
],
"title": "Why is this sentence not separated? 圧着部分を図１，２のように交互に折り込みドリッパーの内側にピッタリと装着します。",
"view_count": 172
} | [
{
"body": "Often, especially in formal/written Japanese it is customary to connect two\nsentences using the pre-masu form (let's call it this way to be consistent\nwith the reference linked below), that is, the -masu form without the ”ます”\n(for example: 食べる → 食べ, 行く → 行き, and so on).\n\nThink about this very common sentence for example:\n。。。して頂{いただ}き誠{まこと}にありがとうございます。\n\nI think your example is pretty much the same thing, and there is nothing wrong\nin connecting a chain of events/sentences in that way. Since it is probably an\ninstruction manual the thing you are talking about, it makes sense that they\nuse formal Japanese as well.\n\nSome info and example on this topic:\n<http://selftaughtjapanese.com/2014/05/14/connecting-ideas-in-japanese/>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-27T05:38:30.287",
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| 34407 | 34409 | 34409 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34426",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I want to say \"It is necessary for you to go home early.\", which is the\nnatural way to say it?\n\n> A: あなたがすぐ帰ることは必要だ。\n>\n> B: あなたがすぐ帰る必要はある。\n\nI am looking for a natural pattern to convey requirement that someone else\nmust do. Other examples are as follows:\n\n> A: 進学するために、あなたが１５０時間の勉強をすることが必要だ。\n>\n> B: 進学するために、あなたが１５０時間の勉強をする必要はある。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-27T05:34:10.800",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34408",
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"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What is the natural way to say \"It is necessary for you to go home early\"?",
"view_count": 396
} | [
{
"body": "B, although I would replace \"が\" and \"は\".\n\n> あなたはすぐ帰る必要がある。\n\n* * *\n\nAs for your two other examples, I would also rephrase them so that \"あなた\"\nbecomes the subject.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-27T05:40:11.130",
"id": "34410",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-27T06:13:28.813",
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{
"body": "> ?? あなたがすぐ帰ることは必要だ。 \n> ○ あなたが会員であることが必要だ。\n\nConstruction like 「(subject + verb) ことが必要だ」 is highly unnatural, except when\nthe verb is copula だ／である. In addition, ～は必要だ makes all that comes before は\ninto topic (i.e. background) so that effectively put the focus on 必要だ. It'd\nmean \"It is NECESSARY (as opposed to _optional_ , _unrequired_ etc.)\"\n\nLikewise:\n\n> あなたがすぐ帰る必要はある。 _It IS necessary that you go home immediately._ \n> × あなたがすぐ帰る必要がある。 (it makes no sense with no emphasis) \n> あなたがすぐ **帰る** 必要がある。 _It is necessary that you GO HOME immediately._ \n> **あなたが** すぐ帰る必要がある。 _It is necessary for YOU to go home immediately._ (note\n> that the subject has changed) \n> あなたはすぐ帰る必要がある。 _It is necessary for you to go home immediately._\n\nAs for the second pair, Japanese prefers leaving subject _in first clause_\nrather than _in main clause_ :\n\n> A': あなたが進学するためには、150時間の勉強が必要だ。 \n> B': あなたが進学するためには、150時間勉強する必要がある。\n>\n> (modified wordings for naturalness)\n\nOr you can change it into a single-clause sentence:\n\n> 進学するために、あなたは150時間勉強する必要がある。 \n> 進学するために、あなたは150時間勉強しなければならない。",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 34408 | 34426 | 34410 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34418",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across the sentence, ともだちがいるってすてきだなあ. If someone could explain the いるって\npart, dictionary form+って, I'd appreciate it.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-27T10:00:55.443",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34415",
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"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14558",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"particles",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "Please Explain Dictionary Form + って (いるって)",
"view_count": 311
} | [
{
"body": "> 「ともだちがいる **って** すてきだなあ。」\n\nIn this context,\n\n> 「～～って」＝「～～というのは」\n\nIn informal speech, 「～～って」 is used to **_present a word/phrase/sentence as a\ntopic_**. Here, 「ともだちがいる」(\"that one has friends\") is being presented as a\ntopic (and the speaker is saying that 'it is nice').\n\nAttention: This is **_not_** the quotative 「って」.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-27T10:17:33.180",
"id": "34418",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 34415 | 34418 | 34418 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34420",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I've been looking online but having really found what seems like a suitable\ntranslation.\n\nI'm try to say something like\n\n> people who self-identify as LGBT\n\nThe best I can think of is:\n\n> LGBTとして自己意識する方々\n\nAny alternative/better ways to write this?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-27T10:03:06.003",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34416",
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"owner_user_id": "1805",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation"
],
"title": "How to say \"self-identify\"?",
"view_count": 581
} | [
{
"body": "I suggest LGBTとして生きている方々. I feel 自己意識 is a bit hard.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-27T10:17:22.107",
"id": "34417",
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},
{
"body": "Self-identity is often translated as 自己同一性, but I would translate the quoted\nphrase, \"people self-identifies as LGBT\" as \"LGBTとして自己認識するする人(人々), or\nLGBTとして自主張識する人（人々）.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-27T10:18:48.333",
"id": "34419",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-28T20:12:31.863",
"last_edit_date": "2016-05-28T20:12:31.863",
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"score": 0
},
{
"body": "I haven't seen much 自己意識する outside philosophical books, and moreover it'd mean\n\"be self-conscious\" or \"be self-aware\".\n\nBetter literal word for \"self-identify\" would be 自己認識:\n\n> LGBTと自己認識している人々\n\nBut I don't think it is a sophisticated enough word for other than academic\npapers (i.e. for those already know what \"self-identify\" means). You could\nalso use many explanatory wording to describe what you want to say by \"self-\nidentify\".\n\n> 自分のことをLGBTと意識している人々 \n> 自分がLGBT（である／だ）とみなしている人々 \n> 自分がLGBTにあたると考えている人々 \n> （自分が）LGBT（である／だ）と答えた人々 \n> LGBT（である／だ）という自覚を持っている人々 \n> LGBTとしてのアイデンティティを持つ人々\n\nBy the way, this is very much closer to nitpicking, but, 方々 may sound you are\ndistant from mentioned people, so it's recommended to use this word only in a\ncertain high honorific style that everyone is addressed by 方, or change to 人々.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-27T12:27:42.127",
"id": "34420",
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}
]
| 34416 | 34420 | 34420 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/EjFoI.png)\n\n> 普通のカマは細部を見るときの参考にしています\n\nHow I can guess it's meaning:\n\n> When you look at the details of ordinary sickle, use it as a reference\n\nBut I'm not sure due 参考する in this sentence. How it will be more correctly?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-27T12:44:13.103",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34421",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-05-27T18:00:12.830",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "14377",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Meaning of 参考に in this sentence",
"view_count": 102
} | [
{
"body": "It seems it is talking of some wooden sickle to be used in some matsuri like\n地鎮祭{じちんさい}.\n\nI am not 100% sure (there is not even much context) but I think the sentence\nyou are discussing can be translated simply as: _a standard/regular (that is,\na real) sickle is used as reference when looking at the details._\n\nI guess the point is that the wooden one is made precisely to look like a real\none except that it is entirely made in wood and hence safe (which it is also\nexplained in the sentence above: [...]すべて木でできているのでさわっても安心です.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-27T14:40:06.890",
"id": "34429",
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"owner_user_id": "14205",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 34421 | null | 34429 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34425",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I've noticed after watching a lot of anime that sometimes \"Watashi wa\" sounds\nlike \"Wataxi wa\" or maybe \"Watakshi wa.\" The instances I've heard the latter\nwere always from females. I was wondering if there's a different accent,\ndialect, or linguistic custom behind this pronunciation? Thank you.\n\nFor example, I heard it at 4 minutes 20 seconds into the video here:\n\n<http://gogoanime.io/basilisk-episode-14>\n\n(I used the top link). It also happens again at about 4m 38s.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-27T12:45:44.223",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34422",
"last_activity_date": "2018-07-02T05:34:05.283",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "14560",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Watashi versus Wataxi, are they different accents?",
"view_count": 1242
} | [
{
"body": "I guess you are hearing わたくし watakushi, which is like わたし watashi in a humbler\nmanner. Nothing special about it.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-27T13:16:23.853",
"id": "34425",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-27T13:16:23.853",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "1065",
"parent_id": "34422",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
},
{
"body": "Actually Watashi わたし and Watakushi わたくし aren't only for female. Male also use\nthem, especially in serious situation like business or public speech, etc.\n\nYou can often hear Watakushi when a politician gives a speech.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2018-07-02T05:34:05.283",
"id": "59833",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "30470",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
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| 34422 | 34425 | 34425 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm an absolute Japanese learning beginner. I came across this confusing\nsentence while I was reading a grammar guide book. Please help me : **飲むんだ。**\nI understand that の is substituted by ん as we speak, but I'm not sure what's\nthe exact meaning of the whole sentence. \"I drunk\" or is it only an adjective\nand if so, what does it mean ?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-27T12:45:51.473",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34423",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-27T14:28:23.527",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particles"
],
"title": "Basic Grammar - の particle as an explanation",
"view_count": 143
} | [
{
"body": "> 「[飲]{の}むんだ。」\n\nUnless the context proved otherwise, that would be a request/order. It would\nbe masculine speech nearly 100% of the time.\n\n> \"Drink it up!\"\n\nThe \"other\" main usage of 「～～のだ/んだ」 is when you explain (rather assertively)\nthe reason or cause for something.\n\n> 「飲まないと[眠]{ねむ}れないから **飲むんだ** ！」\n\n=\n\n> \"I drink (alcohol) because I couldn't sleep if I didn't drink!\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-27T12:50:36.487",
"id": "34424",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-27T13:50:10.017",
"last_edit_date": "2016-05-27T13:50:10.017",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": null,
"parent_id": "34423",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "I just replied today to a question that I believe might concern the same topic\nyou are being confused by (since you don't give much context is a bit hard to\nsay for sure).\n\nAnyway, if I'm correct it might be an interesting reading:\n\n[aru vs arun -- are they exactly the same grammar-\nwise?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/34412/aru-vs-arun-are-\nthey-exactly-the-same-grammar-wise)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-27T14:28:23.527",
"id": "34428",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-27T14:28:23.527",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.157",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "14205",
"parent_id": "34423",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 34423 | null | 34424 |
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