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{
"accepted_answer_id": "34444",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "\"[Master suppression\ntechniques](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_suppression_techniques)\" also\nknown as \"domination techniques\" are defined as \"ways to indirectly suppress\nand humiliate opponents\".\n\n> Master suppression techniques are defined as strategies of social\n> manipulation by which a dominant group maintains such a position in a\n> (established or unexposed) hierarchy.\n\nThe [five major master suppression\ntechniques](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_suppression_techniques#The_five_master_suppression_techniques_according_to_.C3.85s)\nare summarized as:\n\n> 1. Making invisible - to silence or otherwise marginalize persons in\n> opposition by ignoring them\n> 2. Ridicule - in a manipulative way to portray the arguments of, or their\n> opponents themselves, in a ridiculing fashion\n> 3. Withold information - to exclude a person from the decision making\n> process, or knowingly not forwarding information so as to make the person\n> less able to make an informed choice\n> 4. Double bind - to punish or otherwise belittle the actions of a person,\n> regardless of how they act\n> 5. Heap blame / put to shame - to embarrass someone, or to insinuate that\n> they are themselves to blame for their position\n>\n\nis there an equivalent expression in Japanese? How would one accurately\nexpress the same meaning as a phrase?\n\n* * *\n\nThe best fit I can think of is \"いじめ\", or perhaps \"虐待\", but it is too general,\nand doesn't carry the meaning of \"techniques\" as far as I know. Perhaps\n\"抑制（するための）テクニック\" but that comes off as a chiropractic term.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-27T15:40:55.413",
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"id": "34430",
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"tags": [
"phrase-requests",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "Master suppression techniques",
"view_count": 142
} | [
{
"body": "First of all, there is a book/article of this in Japanese,\n<http://www009.upp.so-net.ne.jp/mariko-m/nor_030517report.html> \n \nThey translated it as \"５大抑圧テクニック\", same as you. Base on the description of\neach techniques, another way to explain/call it can be ブラック心理学. \nIf you want to make it sounds positive 相手を動かすテクニック will get the meaning\nacross, but it is not a direct translation of the given name anymore.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-28T02:16:28.107",
"id": "34444",
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| 34430 | 34444 | 34444 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34436",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm reading a Japanese novel and there's this part of the sentence I don't\nknow the meaning\n\n> 公安からの情報が必要な場合は、何とかして引き出す。しかし、 **尋ねられもしないこと** をこちらからわざわざ連絡するつもりはない。\n\nMy rough translation is: \"In case information from the police is needed, we'll\nmanage to get it. But we have no intention to contact them for\n**尋ねられもしないこと**.\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-27T15:55:18.397",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"words"
],
"title": "The meaning of 「尋ねられもしないこと」",
"view_count": 204
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{
"body": "I think 尋ねられもしないこと in this sentence means \"the answer for the questions which\nisn't asked by police\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-27T16:23:35.240",
"id": "34432",
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"body": "「尋ねられもしないこと」 means \"something that is not even asked.\"\n\nBreakdown: \n尋ねられ -- verb 尋ねる + passive られる \nも -- binding particle (係助詞) \"even\" \nしない -- verb する + negative ない \nこと -- noun (事) \"thing, something\"\n\n「the continuative form (連用形) of a verb + もしない」 means \"don't even do~~\", eg:\n「知りもしない」 「見もしない」\n\n> 尋ねられもしないことをこちらからわざわざ連絡するつもりはない。\n\nliterally means \"We have no intention of taking the trouble to inform them of\nsomething we are not even asked.\" / \"We are not going to bother to (contact\nthem to) let them know something we are not even asked.\"",
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"creation_date": "2016-05-27T17:33:53.347",
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| 34431 | 34436 | 34436 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/tA4zh.png)\n\nI can guess that **３つくらい** its meaning something like \"3 of something\" But\nwhat's it \"something\" in this sentence? Floors? Or house? And I don't know\nanything about **ベシュワー** , but I can guess that it's sound when using a spray?\nThanks for your help!",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-27T16:58:36.180",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34434",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What's meaning of ベシュワー and ３つくらい (there is an image)",
"view_count": 118
} | [
{
"body": "Peshuu~ is like 'Psshhhhhsh' sound coming out from a can. And 3つ might be みっつ\njapanese counting of 3. As in ひとつ、ふたつ、みっつ、etc.\n\nくらい Is approximately, so the meaning of 3つくらい is 'approximately three (things)\n'",
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"creation_date": "2016-05-27T17:18:23.660",
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| 34434 | null | 34435 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34443",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In English, we can apply a negative adverb to a negative adjective to end up\nwith a positive-pointing adjectival phrase - \"less empty,\" \"not small\", \"less\nmistaken\", and so on. How would I say this in Japanese? Ah, in context I'm\ntrying to maintain a parallel to an existing quote, so I definitely would like\nto say something of the form 「～[空]{から}の」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-27T19:45:46.247",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34437",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-28T01:12:07.157",
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"owner_user_id": "13954",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"adjectives"
],
"title": "\"Less empty\" and similar \"double negatives\"",
"view_count": 471
} | [
{
"body": "> 「（ ）[空]{から}の」\n\nCorrect me if I am wrong, but your assumption here seems to be that there must\nbe a word to fill in that blank so that the whole phrase would mean \" _ **less\nempty**_ \".\n\n_**If so, the answer is that there is no such word in Japanese**_.\n\nThe form we use for \" _ **less + adjective with negative meaning**_ \" would\nbe:\n\n> 「より + Adjective w/ Negative Meaning _**in its negative form**_ 」 or\n>\n> 「より + _**Antonym**_ of Adjective w/ Negative Meaning」\n\nThese would be 「より空で（は）ない」 and 「よりたくさん[入]{はい}っている」, respectively. I must also\nadd that with 「空の」, the latter expression would sound considerably more\nnatural than the former. The former form would sound a little wordy to the\nmajority of the native speakers.\n\nOther examples:\n\n\"less mistaken\" = 「より[間違]{まちが}っていない」 and 「より[正]{ただ}しい」\n\n\"less ugly\" = 「より[醜]{みにく}くない」 and 「よりきれいな」\n\nAgain, the latter form would be the native speaker's choice in both cases.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-28T01:12:07.157",
"id": "34443",
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| 34437 | 34443 | 34443 |
{
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"body": "> なんと担当さんがその辺に落ちてた枝や石を使って実際に作ってくれました\n\nI can't finish the translation due I can't understand the 担当さん. At first time,\nsomebody said me that it's name. But it's not name, right? I was told that\nthis occupation. But I'm not sure in it. And now I don't know how to translate\nit. Help me, please! And thanks for your help!",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-27T20:35:52.980",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34438",
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"owner_user_id": "14377",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What's meaning of 担当さん",
"view_count": 782
} | [
{
"body": "'担当' is a noun to mean 'to take charge of sth.' 'さん’ is an honorific suffix\nlike Mr. and Ms. as you know. \"担当さん\" is a vocative to mean \"Mr./Ms. someone in\ncharge of business.\"\n\nIt's widely used when the name, title and position of a person who handles\nbusiness, request, and procedure of a client, customer, and resident in an\norganization e.g. companies, shops, hospitals, and government offices) are\nunavailable.\n\nWhen you call a branch office of the municipal office to complain about\ndangerous pitfalls on the pavement in front of your house, and you don't know\nwhom in the office to talk to, you ask \"Can I talk to 担当さん, or 係りの人?\" instead\nof calling Mr. John Doe, 課長さん - Section manager, and complaint officer.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-27T22:30:17.907",
"id": "34441",
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"body": "> 「(Name of profession or role one is in charge of) + さん」\n\nis a very common way of addressing and referring to people in Japanese.\n\n「[担当]{たんとう}」 is a person who has been put in charge of a task, and s/he works\nwith/for you. You may address or refer to him/her as 「担当さん」.\n\nTranslating 「担当さん」, however, would be a little difficult because this\nparticular method of calling people might not be common in another culture.\n\nWhat does this person do in your story/context/situation? If there is a name\nfor his/her job, you might want to use it - \"my maid\", \"my butler\", \"my hair\nstylist\", etc.\n\nIf it is just a role instead of a profession, you could just use \" ** _the\nperson/guy/lady, etc. in charge_** \".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-27T22:31:58.263",
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| 34438 | null | 34442 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34440",
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"body": "I've come across this phrase かっこいポーズのリクストにこたえてくれました and I simply can't\nunderstand it, something about a cool pose perhaps? I don't know if it's\nwritten correctly either. I've tried translating it word by word but even so,\nit doesn't make much sense. Sorry for such a stupid question lol, thanks in\nadvance",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-27T21:03:43.800",
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"id": "34439",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"phrases"
],
"title": "Is this written correctly?",
"view_count": 134
} | [
{
"body": "> 「かっこいポーズの **リクスト** にこたえてくれました 。」\n\nwould be a perfect sentence if you changed 「リクスト」 to 「リクエスト」 and 「かっこい」 to\n「かっこいい」.\n\n> 「かっこいいポーズのリク **エ** ストにこたえてくれました 。」\n>\n> = \" _ **(Someone) responded to my/our request for a cool-looking pose**_.\"\n\n「～～ **に** [応]{こた}える」 = \"to respond _**to**_ ~~\" ← The _**only**_ correct\nparticle is 「に」 here.",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-27T21:58:36.807",
"id": "34440",
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| 34439 | 34440 | 34440 |
{
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"body": "Ok, so I have spent some time trying to find so explanations of the grammar\nused in this sentence but I can't seem to quite understand what the 「自分でも」 and\n「くらい」 are doing in this sentence.\n\n> 「 **自分でも** 不思議な **くらい** に落ち着いた心で、目の前の美少女に静かに尋ねた」\n\nMy best translation of the sentence is: \"with a strangely calm heart, I\nquietly asked the beautiful girl before my eyes.\"\n\nhere's some of sentences before to give some context\n\n> 俺は、頭で教えるよりも先にその子を突き飛ばしていた。 そして・・。 ・・自分でも不思議なくらいに落ち着いた心で、目の前の美少女に静かに尋ねた。",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-28T05:57:39.013",
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"id": "34445",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "「自分でも」 and 「くらい」 what's it being used for here?",
"view_count": 171
} | [
{
"body": "It's a common rhetorical phrase, though not idiomatic, to express total\nunexpectedness.\n\n> 自分でも（不思議な／びっくりする／驚く／よくわからない etc.）（ほど／くらい）\n\nIt tells that what you did or felt was out of your own expectation. You could\ntranslate it like \"so -- that even myself don't (didn't) know why\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-28T07:02:35.280",
"id": "34446",
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"body": "> with a strangely composed heart, I calmly asked the beautiful girl before my\n> eyes \n>\n\n**_自分でも : oneself / even I .** \nIt was strange even for himself, since he thought he shouldn't be feel that\ncomposed._\n\n**_不思議なくらい : strangely / oddly enough / to the extent of being strange** \nJust 不思議 means strange/mysterious, adding くらい modify the meaning into above\nexplanations_",
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"creation_date": "2016-05-28T09:39:48.603",
"id": "34449",
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| 34445 | 34449 | 34446 |
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"body": "I am in a chat-community where in a room called \"manga and anime\" we have a\nbackground image, where you can see those two kanji.\n[Google](https://translate.google.de/?hl=de#ja/en/%E7%AB%8B%E8%85%B9)\ntranslates it as _anger, offense_ , however i don't see the reasoning for\nsomething like this to be in the background.\n\nI have uploaded a screenshot from our chatchannel-background:\n\n\n\nThose are the correct kanji, right? What is the meaning of those two kanji if\nthey are not used in any context, if they just stand on their own?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-28T08:47:35.580",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 立腹",
"view_count": 235
} | [
{
"body": "The kanji means anger, and the expression of the girl's face is expressing\nanger toward her dog for not moving. So it's quite fit.",
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"creation_date": "2016-05-28T09:49:46.940",
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"body": "立腹 is a noun meaning \"getting angry.\" You can verbalize it by saying \"立腹する.\" A\nmore colloquial form of 立腹する is 腹を立てる. Perhaps 立腹 came from 腹を立てる. I can't\ntell which one of a boy and dog got angry from the cartoon.",
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"creation_date": "2016-05-29T20:59:36.040",
"id": "34480",
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| 34447 | 34450 | 34450 |
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"body": "What is the polite equivalent of つかわないで ください ？\n\n(tsukawanaide kudasai)\n\nCan we write つかいませんで ください ？",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-28T09:04:29.423",
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"tags": [
"politeness"
],
"title": "Polite form of つかわないで ください",
"view_count": 616
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{
"body": "> What is the polite equivalent of つかわないでください ?\n\nIt would depend on how polite you want to make it sound as there are different\nlevels of politeness in Japanese as in any other languages.\n\n「[使]{つか}わないでください。」 is already \" ** _casually polite_** \" as stated in the\ncoment above. That is because 「ください」 is attached, which is sort of like using\n\"please\" in English.\n\nThe verb 「使う」, however, is just \"plain\" and contains no nuance of politeness\nwithin itself, which is why 「使わないでください。」 can only sound **_casually_** polite.\n\nIn order to take the politeness one step further, you could use the honorific\nverb phrase「お[使]{つか}いになる」 instead of the plain 「使う」 and form the sentence:\n\n「 **お使い** にならないでください。」\n\nIn informal situations, that would be pretty polite. In order to make it more\nformal, you could use the Sino-loanword 「[使用]{しよう}」 and say:\n\n「 **ご使用** にならないでください。」 (Notice the お-to-ご honorific change.)\n\nAdvanced learners would know that even that sentence would lack the elegance\non the native-level formal and honorific speech. I know this would be too much\nfor beginners to remember, but that super-polite sentence would look something\nlike:\n\n「ご[使用]{しよう}にならないようお[願]{ねが}い[申]{もう}し[上]{あ}げます。」\n\n> Can we write つかいませんでください ?\n\nNo, we cannot. The ます-form of a verb cannot be placed in front of ください.",
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| 34448 | null | 34468 |
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"body": "Example: Is the formal of にほん に いった こと が ありまづ this : にほん に いきました こと が ありまづ. Or\nis the first one used in both cases?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-28T10:42:43.400",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"politeness"
],
"title": "Usage of ました form and た form with こと",
"view_count": 102
} | [
{
"body": "> **V-た form + ことがある** is the formula to say about past experience of doing\n> something\n\nIn にほん に いった こと が あります \nIt's already formal since the ある is written as あります。 **You cannot change the\nいった to いきました** when using this pattern。It should only be V-た form. And note\nthat ある in the end cannot be changed into past form あった since you still have\nthe experience until now.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-28T12:29:39.057",
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| 34451 | 34452 | 34452 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34454",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In English, the term [photo op](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo_op), short\nfor photo opportunity, can mean an opportunity to take a photo, but in\npolitics and PR, it can also mean an event staged for photos. Does \"シャッターチャンス\"\n(wasei-eigo based on \"shutter chance\") have the same connotations? If not, how\nwould I refer to a photo op in the politics/PR sense?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-28T14:55:07.750",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "Does \"シャッターチャンス\" have the same connotations as \"photo op\" in English?",
"view_count": 221
} | [
{
"body": "> \"Does \"シャッターチャンス\" (wasei-eigo based on \"shutter chance\") have the same\n> connotations?\"\n\nNo, absolutely not. The word 「シャッターチャンス」 is **_not_** used for the \"other\"\nmeaning you mentioned.\n\n> \"If not, how would I refer to a photo op in the politics/PR sense?\"\n\nI do not think that there is an exact equivalent everyone would agree on that\nactually \"feels\" like \"photo op\" for that sense.\n\nYou will, however, encounter in the news terms such as\n「[写真撮影時間]{しゃしんさつえいじかん}」、「写真撮影の[機会]{きかい}」、「カメラマンとの[会見]{かいけん}」, etc.\n\nTo clarify, a cameraman might say to himself or another something like\n「[今]{いま}がいいシャッターチャンスだ！」 at a photo op, but the event itself is not called\n「シャッターチャンス」.",
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"creation_date": "2016-05-28T15:51:39.233",
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| 34453 | 34454 | 34454 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
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"body": "I am learning Japanese, and of course my first step has been to learn the\nHiragana and Katakana. I am at the point to where I feel comfortable writing\nand reading in Hiragana and I understand that the \"mudded sound\" characters\nare called dakuten and handakuten. However, I am not entirely sure that I know\nthe official word for the \"compound Hiragana.\" Such as きょ、ちゃ、 じゅ All I have\nbeen seeing it labeled as online or in books is compound Hiragana. So I guess\nmy question is, Is this the correct term for this or is there a more official\nword for it in Japanese? Any help is of course always appreciated. ありがとう！",
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"score": 3,
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"terminology"
],
"title": "What is the official word for compound syllabaries in Japanese Hiragana?",
"view_count": 644
} | [
{
"body": "These are called 拗音｛ようおん｝or \"twisted sounds\", and all such syllables in\nJapanese have the form _Cy{a,u,o}_ for each initial consonant C except /w/.",
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"creation_date": "2016-05-28T18:09:07.007",
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"body": "Strangely enough, there is no official term covers all of those compound kana.\nIf we focus on traditional repertoire only (those followed by ゃ, ゅ, ょ, ゎ), you\ncan call them 拗音【ようおん】仮名 since they only appear in 拗音 (altered i.e.\npalatalized or labialized) syllables. However, we also employ compound kana\nheavily in modern loanwords such as ファ, ツェ, トゥ etc. This type of kana (or,\ncompound kana as a whole) has no name yet, so you must explain by words like:\n\n * 二字一音の仮名 (\"two-letters-one-syllable kana\")\n * 仮名二文字で書く音 (\"sounds that written in two kana\")\n * 小文字をそえて書く音 (\"sounds that written with accompanying small characters\")\n * 組み合わせ仮名 (\"combined kana\"; a phrase \"組み合せて用いる\" is seen in [the cabinet notification](http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/hakusho/nc/k19910628002/k19910628002.html))\n\nTechnically, there is an academic term 二重音字【にじゅうおんじ】\n([digraph](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digraph_%28orthography%29)) to\nbroadly refer to two characters represent a single phonological unit together,\nbut I don't think many people would understand it.",
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| 34456 | null | 34491 |
{
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"body": "My friend and I are reading 宝石泥棒 by Masaki Yamada. In the beginning of chapter\nfive, there are a few paragraphs that discuss constellations and zodiac\nsystems, but we can't figure out how to translate some of them. Here is the\ntext (paragraphs are numbered):\n\n> 1.\n> 今夜の〝宿〟は、斗宿{いて}だった。黄道{こうどう}星座の〝いて座〟が、今夜の宿星となっているのだ。斗、牛、女、虚、危、室、壁……など赤道帯を二十八に区分し、旅人に見たてられた月が、毎夜、それらの〝宿〟を移り歩いていく——いわゆる黄道二十八宿は、中国で生まれたものと考えられがちだが、似たようなものはインドやアラビアにも存在したという。\n> 2.\n> 黄道二十八宿の本来の意味は、見失われて久しくなるが、夜空を二十八に区分し、星座の移り変わりを暦{こよみ}の基底に据{す}えるというその方法だけは、この時代の人間に引き継がれている。\n> 3.\n> 本来の意味が失われるのも当然といえばいえる。参星{オリオン}、昴{すばる}などの宿星に変わりはないものの、星座そのものは大きく変化しているのだ。総じて、夜空は明かるさを増したようである。\n> 4. 美しいと形容するだけでは、言葉が充分ではない。たぎった星が、空を白く燃えあがらせている印象なのだ。\n>\n\nOur translation for paragraph 1 is:\n\n> \"Tonight's 'mansion' was the Dipper. That is, the standard zodiac's\n> Sagittarius constellation was the sign for this night. The equatorial belt\n> is divided into 28 parts, The Dipper, The Ox, the Girl, The Emptiness, The\n> Rooftop, The Wall etc., and the moon, which has been likened to a traveler,\n> goes through those \"mansions\". The so-called 28 mansions of the ecliptic are\n> thought to have been born in China, but similar systems exist in India and\n> Arabia.\"\n\nParagraph 2:\n\n> \"The proper meaning of the 28 mansion system has long since slipped into\n> obscurity, but the division of the night's sky into 28 parts, and the method\n> of basing calendars on the passage of constellations, those alone have been\n> passed down to the people of the current age.\"\n\nNow, the part that we are having issue with is paragraph 3. We are not sure\nhow to break down this sentence. Is `当然といえばいえる` a set phrase? If so, what does\nit mean? Or is it just `当然といえば` and the second `いえる` belongs to the noun\nphrase that precedes 当然?\n\nThe sentence that follows seems to say\n\n> \"Although Orion and Subaru have not changed, the constellation systems\n> themselves have changed greatly. Generally, it seems the night's sky has\n> increased in brightness\".\n\nWe are not sure if this translation is right. I'm not sure how the fact that\nthe constellation systems have changed relates to an increase in the night's\nbrightness. Moreover, we don't know how to connect that to the sentence with\nthe 当然. Is it the constellation systems as in \"The Chinese system\", \"The\nwestern system\" etc. that have changed, or the actual constellations in the\nsky, with the exception of Orion and Subaru, that have changed?\n\nThe final paragraph's translation seems to be:\n\n> \"Words are insufficient even for describing it as beautiful. The impression\n> is that overflowing stars are causing the sky to burn in white fire.\"\n\nAlthough this seems straight-forward (in a poetic sort of way), we can't quite\nmake out a coherent meaning for the entire passage.\n\nSo please help us with paragraph 3, and if possible, the overall meaning of\nparagraphs 2-4, as we seem to have lost the forest for the trees.",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-28T18:20:17.017",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"idioms"
],
"title": "Translation of a passage discussing zodiac systems",
"view_count": 436
} | [
{
"body": "This is related to the pattern Ａ（だ）（と）いえばＡ´ and other ～といえば expressions. \n\n> このコーヒーは **おいしいといえばおいしい** けど、高くない？ \n> The coffee _**is**_ good, but don't you think it's a little expensive?\n\n> 明日 **といえば** 、テストがあるって先生が言ってなかったっけ？ \n> **Speaking of** tomorrow, didn't the teacher say that we have a test?\n\n> 飲み物 **といえば** ビールでしょ！ \n> **When it comes to** drinks nothing beats beer! yeah?\n\nYour example feels a bit different, but I still think the idea is related:\n\n> 本来の意味が失われるのも当然（だ）といえば、（そう / 当然だと）いえる \n> If you were to say that it was only natural that the original meaning be\n> lost, you could (say that).\n\nIn other words, \"It wouldn't be at all wrong to say that it's perfectly\nnatural that the original meaning be lost\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-29T03:18:47.350",
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"body": "> 星座そのものは大きく変化しているのだ。\n\nmeans \"the number of constellations changed.\"\n\n48 Former constellations <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Former_constellations>\n\n88 modern constellations\n<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/88_modern_constellations>\n\nSo, I'd translated it\n\n> 3. \"It is no wonder that we have forgotten its original meaning since time\n> has passed a lot. Although Orion and Subaru have not still changed, the\n> number of constellation has changed greatly. Overall, it seems the night's\n> sky has increased in brightness\".\n>\n\n> 4. \"Just describing it as \"beautiful\" is not good enough to tell its\n> attractiveness. The intense flame of those stars impress us with awe and are\n> lighting up all over the sky in white.\"\n>",
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| 34458 | null | 34462 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34465",
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"body": "[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/YwAuf.jpg)\n\nI just want to make sure that if I were to be asked to write something out in\nHiragana, it would be easy to understand.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-28T18:31:15.750",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"handwriting"
],
"title": "Is my Hiragana writing legible and easy to read?",
"view_count": 20292
} | [
{
"body": "Your Hiragana is fine and legible. You write Japanese characters better than\nan expatriate I know who speaks Japanese pretty well. However your ね,れ,わ, all\nof which are combination of a straight line and a curved line, look somewhat\nawkward and constrained, because the head of vertical lines are all tilted to\nleft. It should be drawn straight down as you see in the printed characters.\n\nそ lacks the balance. It's top-heavy, and easily confused with a deformed た.\n\nThe ノ line of ゆ should be placed in the exact center of the character, keeping\na good balance.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-29T01:43:23.670",
"id": "34460",
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"body": "Your writing is, by and large, legible and I don't think anyone should\nmisunderstand you. However, there are several points I must make (also see the\nimage below):\n\n 1. Some kana are definitely unbalanced, notably そ, ね, れ, わ. A few other characters have curves that aren't in right places too, but they're matter of practicing, I guess.\n 2. You try keeping writing in squares, which is a right attitude. However, _fitting_ the square doesn't mean _filling_ the square; some kana have to be oblong relative to the square frame.\n 3. Some kana you see in textbook might have \"hooks\", but it's not what meant to be reproduced when you write yourself, especially with ball-point pen, as they are \"trace\" of pen that kept for stylistic reason. If you write at a fast pace, they do appear in your writing, though not needed to be awarely copied.\n 4. Finally, I have to say that your handwriting apparently seems non-native (besides well or badly shaped), but that may be because you haven't seen how they actually write. Googling \"[手書き](https://www.google.co.jp/search?tbm=isch&q=%E6%89%8B%E6%9B%B8%E3%81%8D)\" (handwriting) in Japanese will provide you tons of living examples.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uJV7y.jpg)",
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"body": "Your hiragana is probably much more legible than when I was at third grade in\nJapan.\n\nYour ね、れ、ゆ、わ、そ needs a bit of work on overall balance as the right side tend\nto be squished a bit. For your そ、the bottom curved stroke got squished because\nyou made the top portion proportionately too large. Never the less, I could\nprobably read a whole book in your writing with decent comfort.",
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| 34459 | 34465 | 34465 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34467",
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"body": "I have searched and read articles and questions available regarding いけない and i\ndo understand that it means that something cannot be done (you mustn't...). \nBut i'm a bit unsure about it's meaning in this sentence :\n\n> あのホテルは遠いですから、歩いて20分では行けないでしょう。 \n>\n\nRoughly i translate it as\n\n> since that hotel is far, it seems that 20minutes walking there is not enough\n> time.\n\n \nI'm confused about what 歩いて20ぷん means : v-て + noun? \nAnd いけない is must not do, if we use that literal meaning, it becomes we must\nnot walk 20 minutes... So what is the meaning of いけない in here?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-29T07:33:51.397",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "いけない in this sentence and V-て+noun",
"view_count": 335
} | [
{
"body": "\"v-て + time noun\" means \" time after verb\" and \"it takes time to verb\" For\nexample, 寝て一時間で起きた(I waked up a hour after sleeping), 走って一時間かかる(It takes an\nhour to run there).\n\nAnd \"must not\" is translated as してはいけない like 走ってはいけない(You must not run.)\n\nそこへは走っては行けない is translated as \"You can't go there by running.\" and this 行けない\nis negative form of verb 行ける.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-29T08:47:13.773",
"id": "34466",
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"body": "The 行けない is the negative potential form of the verb 行く. \n(「行く」= \"go\", 「行ける」= \"can go\", and 「行けない」= \"can't go\")\n\nThe 歩いて here means \"on foot\", \"by walking\".\n\n> 歩いて20分では行けない\n\nThink of it as the negative form of 「(ホテルまで)歩いて(20分で)行ける」, \"can go (to the\nhotel) (in 20 minutes) on foot.\"\n\n> 歩いて20分では行けないでしょう。\n\n(Lit.) \"You won't be able to go/get (there/to the hotel) in 20 minutes on\nfoot.\"",
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| 34463 | 34467 | 34467 |
{
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"body": "I don't really get the meaning of this line 'すれ違う赤の軌道' Could it mean 'Crimson\npath crossed' or 'The crimson path i crossed' ?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-29T11:17:13.700",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34470",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"words",
"usage",
"kanji"
],
"title": "Meaning of 'すれ違う赤の軌道'",
"view_count": 123
} | [
{
"body": ">\n```\n\n> すれ違う赤の軌道\n> \n```\n\nWords:\n\n> すれ違う: Two things passing or missing one another. In my opinion this can have\n> a romantic or at least emotional connotation, as in \"so close, but so far!\"\n>\n> 赤: red\n>\n> 軌道: orbit, often the orbit of a planet or other celestial body\n\nThe link given by Tommy (converted to a comment) is a good start, but the\ntranslation is somewhat non-literal.\n\nA slightly more literal translation of this part could be:\n\n> Red orbits, passing either other by",
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| 34470 | null | 34530 |
{
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"body": "I know _to teach_ is 教え, but I'm not sure how to use the passive form. Google\nTranslate gave 彼が教えしたいです, but that seems _he wants to teach (sb)_. How about\n教わたい?",
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"creation_date": "2016-05-29T11:22:30.727",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-05-29T13:32:25.503",
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"owner_user_id": "13824",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"passive-voice"
],
"title": "Translation of \"want to be taught by him\"?",
"view_count": 356
} | [
{
"body": "教え is a noun meaning _teaching_. What you want is verb 教わる : おそわる (to be\ntaught). \n \n_Note that there is another similar verb which is 教える : おしえる (to teach). \n \nAlthough it's grammatically correct to turn 教える into it's passive form 教えられる,\nit's more common and preferred to use the 教わる instead_ \n\n> **simple:** \n> **彼に[教]{おそ}わりたいです** \n> _I want to be taught by him._ \n> \n>\n>\n> **In this case we can use 教えて since by adding もらう, it modified the verb into\n> (receive action[verb] from someone) :** \n> **彼に[教]{おし}えてもらいたいです** \n> _I want (to receive a favor of being taught) by him_",
"comment_count": 8,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-29T12:19:38.160",
"id": "34473",
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"score": 4
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| 34471 | 34473 | 34473 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34478",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I need to make simple romaji to hiragana conversion for a word based game.\nWhen implementing long consonants, I ran into a potential problem of ambiguous\nconversion. My question is, **is っ used with all consonants (`kgsztdcnhbpmr`)\nor could it be that some combinations are never actually used?**",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-29T14:01:50.863",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34477",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-06-04T19:33:12.097",
"last_editor_user_id": "14580",
"owner_user_id": "14580",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"gemination"
],
"title": "Is っ used with all consonants or only some of them?",
"view_count": 224
} | [
{
"body": "I can't believe I missed it, but those are actually listed on\n[Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sokuon). So according to Wikipedia っ\ncannot be used with:\n\n * n\n * m\n * r\n * w\n * y\n\nEven if there are cases where っ appears in front of those consonants, those\nare likely irrelevant to my romaji to hiragana conversion.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-29T14:09:13.840",
"id": "34478",
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{
"body": "Just a quick note to the above answer: while the double consonant mark (っ) is\nnot used with \"m\" or \"n\" sounds, those sounds still exist. The ん character is\nsimply used in its place.\n\nExample: こんにちは, (konnichiwa)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-03T17:50:54.367",
"id": "34621",
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| 34477 | 34478 | 34478 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am trying to translate the following line:\n\n> 「ン…そこにすわっていろ」\n\nThis line occurs after the gruff villain of the story is handed some files he\nasked for.\n\nIt seems that \"Yes...sit down over there.\" would not be appropriate in this\nsituation.\n\nPossibilities I considered:\n\n 1. Alright\n 2. Yea\n 3. Hmph\n 4. Okay\n\nNone of these seem like the correct fit. Any opinions?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-29T21:03:49.047",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34481",
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"owner_user_id": "14208",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"slang",
"anime"
],
"title": "Gruff translation of ん",
"view_count": 286
} | [
{
"body": "「ン」 in this context might possibly be sort of an abbreviation of 「うん」or「うむ」or\neven somewhat closer in nuance to 「おい」 because this is how someone with\nauthority might speak to someone of lower status... So your translation to\nEnglish might be something close to「Hmph」 or 「hey」 as in 「hey...sit over\nthere.」\n\nAs you may know, it is hard to think of languages in terms of direct\ntranslation word for word. Some nuance only exist in certain culture.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-29T21:35:25.527",
"id": "34483",
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{
"body": "This ン is written in katakana, not hiragana, which means that the ン sound was\nnot fully pronounced. He seemed to just brusquely make a very short deep noise\nwith his throat to show that it was not a bad time for him to receive the\nfiles.\n\nHe didn't use a word to express that. So, any English word may not fit the\nン-like noise. How about looking for a throat noise expression, like \"Mmm-hmm\"\nor something?\n\nI'm Japanese and unfortunately don't have enough English vocabulary to find\nthe best expression in English. Sorry. Hope this answer is somewhat helpful.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-05T16:29:36.870",
"id": "35685",
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| 34481 | null | 34483 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "In something I was watching a hero whilst on his way to work heard a lady have\ntheir purse stolen and he said\n\n> 遅刻するとやばいんだけどな\n\nBefore he ran off to help her.\n\nI can understand what the first part means, but I don't see what the but\nmeans. But what, exactly?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-29T22:19:37.543",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "14586",
"post_type": "question",
"score": -1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What does 遅刻するとやばいんだけどな mean?",
"view_count": 151
} | [
{
"body": "Let's break the sentence down:\n\n遅刻する = to be late;\n\nと = conjunction that in this case can be translated with \"and\" (in the sense\nof cause/effect);\n\nやばい = depending on the context, means either something like \"awful\",\n\"terrible\", \"risky\" etc, or quite the opposite \"terrific\", \"amazing\", etc. In\nthis case is easy to guess which meaning it has though.\n\nんだ = colloquial for のです. Here can be translated simply with \"is/is going to\nbe\" (referred to what comes before that). You can find a lot of references\nabout the んです/のです if you search a bit.\n\nけど = \"but\",\"although\". In this case probably can be just translated as\n\"though\".\n\nな = is a sentence ending (I think mainly used by men) to indicate\nemphasis/emotion.\n\nSo you can translate your sentence as: _It's gonna be terrible if I'll be late\nthough_.\n\nGiven the context it seems to me that the hero wants to help the lady but ad\nthe same time complains (with himself?) that it will be bad if (because of\nthat) he will be late for work (maybe there is something particularly\nimportant that day at work?). If this is correct, a more free translation\ncould also be \" _Oh man, it's gonna be terrible if I'll be late though..._.\n\nIn particular, about けど, you can also look at\n[this](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2086/%E3%81%91%E3%81%A9-at-\nthe-end-of-the-sentence) question.",
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| 34484 | null | 34485 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34490",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "This is a small part of Rin's summoning chant in Fate/stay night:\n\n> 四方{しほう}の門{もん}は閉{と}じ、王冠{おうかん}より出{い}で、王国{おうこく}に至{いた}る三叉路{さんさろ}は循環{じゅんかん}せよ。\n\nI have some questions about this...\n\nThe last part mean: rotate the three-forked road (order)...? I say it because\nI don't know what the function of は here... It used to add emphasis? It is\nreplacing other particle?\n\nWith what naruto said, it could be translated as:\n\n> Close the four cardinal gates, leave the crown, and circulate through the\n> three paths that reaches the kingdom.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-30T00:13:52.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"last_editor_user_id": "13859",
"owner_user_id": "13859",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "help with small line of Fate/stay night",
"view_count": 255
} | [
{
"body": "循環する is [an intransitive verb which can take\nを](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3243/5010) (e.g., 血液が体を循環する \"Blood\ncirculates through the body\"). I think this は is replacing を, topicalizing the\n三叉路. It effectively means 三叉路を循環せよ.\n\nIt says something (one who is summoned?) must start from the crown, circulate\nthrough the 三叉路, and finally reach the kingdom.\n\nSome people seem to believe this line refers to the [Tree of\nLife](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_of_life_\\(Kabbalah\\)), which\ndescribes the process of creation, starting from The Crown and ending with The\nKingdom. 三叉路 seems to refer to the three \"columns/pillars\" in the Tree of\nLife, through which the creation circulates [in this\norder](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sephirot#Listings).",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-30T02:47:22.470",
"id": "34490",
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| 34486 | 34490 | 34490 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34488",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "**Phrase:**\n\n> お [飲]{の}み[物]{もの} は [何]{なに} が いい です か\n>\n> O nomimono wa nani ga ii desu ka?\n>\n> _What would you like to drink?_\n\nWhat I would like to know is what いい です (ii des) does for the sentence here?\nI've read that いい can translate to \"good\", but I don't see how that fits here.\n\nI'm _very_ new to Japanese and my immediate reaction is to think this might\ntranslate to \"What beverage is good?\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-30T00:47:52.993",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "14587",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"hiragana"
],
"title": "What does いい です mean in お飲み物は何がいいですか?",
"view_count": 1726
} | [
{
"body": "Well, your reaction is not that wrong actually. You just need to think about\nthe context in which the sentence is being asked.\n\nいい means indeed _good_ and here the topic of the sentence are the drinks,\nmarked by the particle は. So, a very literal translation could be: \"talking\nabout drinks, what is good?\".\n\nThis construction with なにがいいですか is often used to ask someone what he would\nlike to drink/eat etc. You can see it in English as if you added \"for you\" at\nthe end of the question. Something like \"What drink is good _for you_?\". In a\nmuch broader sense, \"What can I get you?\".\n\nIn English of course you would hardly say \"What drinks would be good?\", hence\nthe translation becomes more naturally \"What would you like to drink?\".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-30T01:08:20.267",
"id": "34488",
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{
"body": "You are correct with \"What beverages are good?\" in terms of word-for-word\ntranslation. However, いい (ii) and いいですか (ii desu ka) have different meanings.\n\n> いい (ii) = good\n>\n> ～いいですか (ii desu ka) = Can I ~ , May I ~ (if you use the polity form), would\n> you like ~, are you okay with ~\n\nIf we directly translate \"What do you like to drink?\", it will become\n\"なにをのみたいですか?\". However, this isn't exactly polite.\n\n* verb + tai = desire (e.g. のみたい=desire to drink, たべたい = desire to eat, みたい = desire to watch)\n\n** Depending on the particle used in front, the meaning can change a little\n(ref: [Noun + で(も）いい VS +がいい (=Noun + de(mo) ii vs + ga\nii)](http://maggiesensei.com/2014/05/20/%E3%80%9C%E3%81%A7%E3%81%84%E3%81%84-%E3%80%9C%E3%81%A7%E3%82%82%E3%81%84%E3%81%84%E3%80%80vs%E3%80%80%E3%80%9C%E3%81%8C%E3%81%84%E3%81%84-de-\nii-demo-ii-vs-ga-ii/))",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-30T01:28:04.040",
"id": "34489",
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]
| 34487 | 34488 | 34488 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34495",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Both of them mean 「〜とあれば」. I know that 「とあっては」is followed by negative clauses\nlike 「ないわけにはいかない」、「ほかない」、「しかない」、etc. (according to\n[this](http://viethuong.web.fc2.com/MONDAI/205.html))\n\nHowever, the answer for the following sentence is A, which contradicts to the\nabove explanation. I don't know why.\n\n> さすが世界大会＿＿、どの試合も目が離せない。\n>\n> A. とあって\n>\n> B. とあっては",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-30T11:24:17.047",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34492",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"owner_user_id": "1053",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"jlpt"
],
"title": "「とあって」vs. 「とあっては」",
"view_count": 2131
} | [
{
"body": "The point is さすが. Because of it, B is unnatural. If it was さすがに or just\nwithout it, both A and B would be fine.\n\nIt's too difficult for me to explain, but combination of さすが and とあっては doesn't\nmake good sense. It sounds a slip of さすが **に** …とあっては, otherwise.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-30T14:18:38.847",
"id": "34494",
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{
"body": "I read your link. It says a sentence which means condition is placed before\nとあっては. So B is unnatural because 世界大会 isn't condition.\n\nHowever 世界大会が開催されるとあっては、どの試合も目が離せないだろう may make sense because 世界大会が開催される is\ncondition. In addition, the phrase \"とあっては\" isn't often used and literaryism.\n\nI think it is better that さすが～とあって is used as one phrase which means \" as\nexpected of \".",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-30T15:38:04.247",
"id": "34495",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "This is really difficult.\n\nBoth 「X とあって、Y。」「X とあっては、Y。」 can be a valid sentence depending on its context.\n\nFirstly, 「X とあっては、Y。」expects that usually \"it is not Y.\" But, because of X, it\nis Y.\n\nFor example,\n\n> マイナー競技とはいえ、世界大会とあっては、警備が厳しい。\n\nIt is expected that a meet of a minor sport is not highly guarded, but the\nspeaker finds this is exceptional because this is world wide. So, it is highly\nguarded.\n\nOn the other hand, 「X とあって、Y。」 does not refer to usual cases.\n\n> 各国から要人の集まる世界大会とあって、警備が厳しい。\n\nIt is highly guarded. It is natural because a lot of VIPs come from all over\nthe world.\n\n* * *\n\nLet's get back to the original sentence.\n\n> さすが世界大会＿＿、どの試合も目が離せない。\n\n「さすが」 and 「どの試合も目が離せない」give the context.\n\n「さすが」 is an adjective which means \"there is a fact which proves something is\nas good as expected or as a reputation, and the speaker is impressed.\"\n\nIn this case, the fact is that 「どの試合も目が離せない(not boring at all)」.\n\nLet's put とあっては and check what it means.\n\n> *さすが世界大会とあっては、どの試合も目が離せない。\n\n * とあっては implies: It is expected that every game is boring. But, this is exceptional because this is an international cup. So, it is not boring at all.\n * さすが implies: Also, the fact that every game is not boring proves the international cup is as great as expected. The speaker is impressed about it.\n\nSo, OK, did you expect the games are great or not? There is a contradiction.\n\nOn the other hand, 「とあって」 does not have this problem.\n\n * とあって implies: No game is boring. It is natural because it is an international cup.\n * さすが implies: The fact that every game is not boring proves the international cup is as great as expected. The speaker is impressed about it.\n\nThey are consistent.\n\n* * *\n\n「さすがに」 is similar but different. It means \"there is a fact which makes\nsomething exceptionally as good as expected or as a reputation, and the\nspeaker is impressed.\"\n\n> さすがに世界大会とあっては、どの試合も目が離せない。\n\nIn this case, everything is consistent. It is expected that every game is\nusually not that interesting.",
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| 34492 | 34495 | 34525 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34501",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "A student asks \"じしょ を つかって も いい です か？\"\n\nTeacher replies\" いいえ だめ です\"\n\nI want to know, if possible, how could he have used だめ です to say the full\nsentence of \"no, you cannot use the dictionary\" or is だめ です equivalent to\nenglish \"no you can't\"?",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-30T14:18:19.573",
"favorite_count": 0,
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"owner_user_id": "14267",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Question about using だめ です",
"view_count": 1287
} | [
{
"body": "The full sentence would be いいえ、辞書{じしょ}を使{つか}っては駄目{だめ}です, literally translating\n'No, you cannot use the dictionary. You could also say いけません or なりません in place\nof 駄目{だめ}; all three can also be used in plain form, as 駄目{だめ}だ, いけない, and\nならない.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-30T17:45:40.717",
"id": "34501",
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{
"body": "English translation is not the literal meaning. だめ is not _can't_. It means\n'no good'. So the teacher is basically saying **\"No, (using a dictionary is)\nno good.\"** \n \nIt's weird to say that kind of sentence in English so we use the context and\ncreate a more natural translation, which is **'No you can't (use a\ndictionary).\"**",
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"body": "From i own experience in Japanese it is possible omit large parts of the\nsentence and still have a valid expression. In this way you can you say \"いいえ、\n**ダメ** です\" ( _note_ : usually written in Katakana i think) in the context of\nyou question would mean \"No, you cannot use the dictionary\"\n\nGenerally speaking, the longer the expression the more polity it is\nconsidered. So, a more polite way would be \"辞書出来ません **ですけれども** 。\" Note that in\nthis sentence _ですけれども_ does not really have a meaning, but is used to make the\nexpression more soft (often translated as \"but\").\n\nSame is also true for English i think. \"Can i use the dictionary?\" Can be\nanswered in multiple levels of politeness:\n\n\"No\", \"No, you cannot\", \"No you cannot use the dictionary\", ....,\n\"Unfortunately i am very sorry but it is not possible to use the dictionary\"\n\nThe last option is something that would be used in a professional context i\nguess.",
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| 34493 | 34501 | 34529 |
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"body": "I know that both of these two grammars have the meaning of \"it's impossible to\ndo sth\" but in the following 2 sentences, only ようがない is the correct answer.\n\n> ①一方的に責められたら、こちらも説明（ a/しそうもない b/しようがない )\n>\n> ②ここまで話が進んでしまったらもう断り（ a/そうにない b/ようがない )。こうなったら引き受けるしかない。\n\nWhy cannot そうもない・そうにない be used?\n\nHow can I differentiate between the usage of these two grammar points?",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"word-choice",
"jlpt"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 「そうもない」 and 「ようがない」",
"view_count": 1701
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{
"body": "しようがない means \"no way to do\" and しそうにない means \"unlikely to do\".\n\nI think only しようがない is natural in sentence② because the speaker say \"I have no\nchoice but to accept it\" in the following sentence, so \"no way to decline\" is\nnatural.",
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"body": "「～～そうもない」 and 「～～ようがない」 are vastly different from each other in meaning and\nusage, and there is no interchangeability between the two.\n\n> 「Verb in [連用形]{れんようけい} + そう **も** ない」\n>\n> = \"to not look like (action described by the verb) is happening (any time\n> soon)\"\n>\n> Describes \" _ **no-indication**_ \" situations.\n\nwhereas\n\n> 「Verb in 連用形 + よう **が** ない」\n>\n> = \"There is no way (someone) could perform (action described by the verb)\n> _**even if (someone) wanted to**_ \"\n>\n> Describes \" _ **no-choice**_ \" situations.\n\nIn the two example sentences,\n\n> 1)「一方的に責められたら、こちらも説明（ ）」\n\nOnly 「しようがない」 fits in. That is because the speaker would like to explain if it\nwere all possible, but it was made impossible by the other person blaming the\nspeaker one-sidedly.\n\nThis is a no-choice situation.\n\nAnother way to look at it is that 「こちら」 means \" _ **I/we**_ \" in this context.\nYou would not normally use 「そうもない」 to talk about your own (possible) action.\n\n> 2)「ここまで話が進んでしまったらもう断り（ ）。こうなったら引き受けるしかない。」\n\nOnly 「ようがない」 can fill the blank. Hints are all over the context, really.\n「ここまで話が進んでしまったら」 is one, and 「引き受けるしかない = \"to have no other choice but to take\nit\"」 is another. If \"to take it\" is the only choice you have, there is no way\nyou can 断る (\"to refuse\"), is there?\n\nAnother no-choice situation, totally.",
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| 34496 | 34510 | 34510 |
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"body": "# 日本語\n\nこの頃メタの方で[「手書きの文字をチェックしてください」という質問は受け付けるべきか](https://japanese.meta.stackexchange.com/q/1575/7810)という話題がありました。個人的には受け付けてもよいと考えているのですが、何人もの学習者がわけもわからず同じような質問を繰り返すのでは生産性がない、という意見があり、これはその通りだと思いました。学習者は教科書などから字の書き方を学ぶと思いますが、初学者用の教科書体といえども、毛筆の運筆を残していたり、規範的すぎて普段自然にみる文字とはかけ離れた部分があると思います。\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/o0y6o.gif)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Lvfx2.jpg)\n\nまた、今まで漢字・仮名のような独特の書き方の文字に接してこなかった人にとっては、教科書を見るだけでは、何に気をつけて書けばいいかわからないこともあると思います。\n\nそこで、学習者にまず日本で行われている普通の手書き文字はどんななのか一定の認識を示し、そのうえで疑問点を明確にして質問を投稿してもらえるように、日本語の手書き文字のサンプルを集めたいなと考えています。\n\n * 自分はこういう字を書いている\n * こういう字が一般的だと思う\n * こういう書き方もアリだと思う\n\nなど、皆さんのご意見を募りたいと思います。よろしくお願いします。\n\n（これはメインに置くべきかメタに置くべきか正直わかりません。移動すべきであればフラグを立ててください）\n\n# English\n\nRecently we have a topic on meta about [whether asking for checking\nhandwriting is on-topic or\nnot](https://japanese.meta.stackexchange.com/q/1575/7810). I personally think\nthose questions are not necessary to be ruled out, though I have to agree with\nan opinion that it's not productive to allow many learners to submit similar\nquestions totally cluelessly. Who'd learn to write Japanese would refer\ntextbooks or other resources, on which might be printed 教科書体 characters for\nnovice writers, which is still somehow detached from what we see in the\noutside world by being too prim, prescriptive, or carrying over brushstroke\nstyle.\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/o0y6o.gif)\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Lvfx2.jpg)\n\nMoreover, those who haven't ever come into contact with peculiar writing\nsystems such as kana and kanji would have difficulties grasping the gist\nhowever they stared at the textbook.\n\nSo I'd like to accumulate living samples of ordinary handwritten Japanese so\nthat we can provide a certain reference point to possible questioners to help\nthem know well what they're going to ask. Any suggestions e.g.:\n\n * I write Japanese this way\n * I think this is a typical example\n * ... or an edge case\n\nare appreciated.\n\nThank you for your cooperation!\n\n(I'm not sure if this belongs on main or meta. If you think it should go meta,\nplease flag it.)",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"orthography",
"kana",
"handwriting"
],
"title": "皆さんはどんな字を書いていますか？ / How do Japanese speakers write kana or kanji by hand?",
"view_count": 1130
} | [
{
"body": "### 手書きフォント\n\n日本語は印刷用のフォントを作るのが大変だったり、カジュアルな場面で手書きが好まれることもあり、フリーフォントの多くが手書きのものです。読み書きの参考になりそうなものをいくつか紹介します。（画像はリンク先から仮名の一部を抜き出したものです）\n\n * [ふい字](http://cute-freefont.flop.jp/huiji.html) \nわりとよくある字形だと思います。字画の細かい部分はかなり省略されます。 \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/hu9Ca.png)\n\n * [隼文字](http://cute-freefont.flop.jp/serendipity_hayatomoji.html) \nかなり丁寧に書かないとこのような形にはなりません。それぞれの字の曲線の形に気をつけないといけません。上品な印象になります。 \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/J9snG.png)\n\n * [ジンペン毛羽-R](http://cute-freefont.flop.jp/zinpenkeba.html) \n看板などでなるべく大きく見えるように書くとこのようになります。字をふくらませた時のバランスがわかります。 \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/eN7pi.png)\n\n * [ホリデイ-MDJP03](http://cute-freefont.flop.jp/mksd_holiday03.html) \nかなり雑に書いた字です。ひらがなもカタカナも同じような書き方になりますが、似た字の区別がどこにあるかが端的に表れると思います。 \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/PuTmf.png)\n\n * [みおフォント](http://cute-freefont.flop.jp/mio.html) \nくせが強い字で雑に書かれていて、普通の形と比べ変形が大きいものがありますが、このような形になることがわかれば読みにくくはないです。 \n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CTGVi.png)",
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| 34497 | null | 34498 |
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"body": "I'm beginning my study of Japanese grammar and am unclear as to the difference\nbetween the following interrogative structures. Is one more correct than the\nother in asking where something specific is? Sorry if this is a dumb question,\nI'm learning on my own... >< Help appreciated!\n\n> 1. いしかわさんのうちは **どこですか** 。\n> 2. いしかわさんのうちは **どこにありますか** 。\n>",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-30T18:48:06.390",
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"tags": [
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"title": "\"Where\" construction; grammar question",
"view_count": 179
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{
"body": "Well, basically there is no difference. A subtle difference could be that one\nsentence is a nominal construction (名詞文{めいしぶん}） and the other a verb\nconstruction (動詞文{どうしぶん}).\n\nFor example:\n\n 1. いしかわさんのうちはどこですか。\n\nAnswer: いしかわさんのうちはそこです。\n\nThis is a nominal construction. Even the question is nominal in this case. On\nthe other hand\n\n 1. いしかわさんのうちはどこにありますか。\n\nAnswer: いしかわさんのうちはそこにあります。\n\n「ある」here is the verb, and hence this is a verb construction (as well as the\nquestion is).\n\nNotice that one key here is to know that 「です」 is the polite version of the\n_auxiliary_ verb「だ」and is actually not a verb.\n\nAnother difference could be the following. In case 1. who is asking probably\nknows that there is such a house somewhere and wants to know where it is\nexactly. In the second case he might not know whether such house exists or not\nand is asking where he can find one. (Since we are talking about a private\nhouse here maybe this makes little sense, but if you think about the same\nsentence with a Macdonald instead Ishikawa's house, this difference might be\neasier to grasp).\n\nThere are similar answers and more info\n[here](http://oshiete.goo.ne.jp/qa/3969819.html) as well.",
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| 34502 | 34506 | 34506 |
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"body": "What is a natural way to add another object to a list as an afterthought? For\nexample:\n\n> 仕事で英語とピアノを教えています。フランス語____。\n>\n> For work I teach piano and English. Oh, and French too.",
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"tags": [
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"title": "Adding additional information as an afterthought",
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{
"body": "Most naturally, we would say:\n\n> 「（あっ、）それからフランス語も。」\n>\n> 「（あっ、）そしてフランス語も。」",
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"creation_date": "2016-05-31T00:37:15.393",
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"body": "The particle 「も」 will do the job.\n\n> 仕事で英語とピアノを教えています。 フランス語 **も** 。\n\nYou can preface the afterthought with 「あと」or 「それと」 (or the like) to mark it\nexplicitly as an addition to the previous statement.\n\n> 仕事で英語とピアノを教えています。 **あと/それと** 、フランス語も。\n\nIf you find it in your interest to be formal, it's best to complete your\nsentences.\n\n> 仕事で英語とピアノを教えています。 **あと/それと/加えて** (this last one is more formal than the\n> other two)、フランス語も教えています。",
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"body": "I cannot find any material relating to this grammar point. Give the following\nexample, could you explain what the meaning of this grammar is?\n\n> どんなに抵抗しようとも限り生きている人はいつかは死ぬ。",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"jlpt",
"volitional-form"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of 「〜どんなに抵抗しようとも限り…」",
"view_count": 676
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{
"body": "The sentence is invalid. That 限り shouldn't be there. Remove it and the\nsentence becomes grammatical:\n\n> どんなに抵抗しようとも生きている人はいつかは死ぬ。(However much they may resist, living humans must\n> eventually die.)\n\nOr, if 限り should be used at all, it ought to be placed after 生きている.\n\n> どんなに抵抗しようとも生きている限り人はいつかは死ぬ。(However much they may resist, as long as they\n> are alive humans are bound to die eventually. )\n\nHere's the rundown on the constructions in question.\n\n・Verb(masu-stem) Phrase + **ようとも**... → **even if** S VP, ...\n\n・ **どんなに** + Verb(masu-stem) Phrase + **ようとも** , ... → **however much** S VP,\n...\n\n・Verb(adnominal) Phrase + **限り** , ... → **as long as** S VP, ....\n\nThese conversions are not as precise as they could be, but I hope they are\ngood enough to convey the general idea.",
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"body": "So it's been a while that I have been wondering how each level of speech is\ncalled in Japanese. All I have seen, is in textbook the mention of casual,\npolite, humble, or honorific speech, but I realized that I have no idea how to\nsay each in Japanese (not going into slang, dialects or anything). Also, how\ncan I recognize someone telling me it's okay to be more casual with them\n(example of natural sentences I might hear)? Would it be something like\n[casual speech]でいいのよ or [casual speech]使っていいよor something more along the lines\nof \"you don't need to be that polite\"? (however you might say that).\n\nThank you very much.",
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"tags": [
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"title": "polite and casual language-- being asked to switch?",
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{
"body": "First of all, linguistically you are not wrong even if you used a less polite\nform. However, you are impolite in-terms of culture understandings. \n(@user11589 has already gave you a very good link for reference, so I'm just\ngoing to go simple.)\n\nA simple way to decide which form to use is by the situation and person you\nare talking to (similar to dress-code, time/place/occasion a.k.a. TPO).\n\n * to strangers (even if they are kids better to use) = polite \n * to shopkeeper/staffs = polite\n * to customer = honorific\n * to people older than you = polite (or honorific)\n * to people who is higher than you in position(work) = honorific (you can transit into polite once you have build a closer relationship)\n\nAs you can see by now, most of the time using polite form will be fine.\n\n * friends (regardless of age) = casual\n * colleagues (position same or lower than you) = casual/polite\n * siblings = casual\n * Family members (older) = polite \n * Family members (younger) = casual\n\n> Also, how can I recognize someone telling me it's okay to be more casual\n> with them (example of natural sentences I might hear)? Would it be something\n> like [casual speech]でいいのよ or [casual speech]使っていいよor something more along\n> the lines of \"you don't need to be that polite\"? (however you might say\n> that).\n\nAs to your question, YES some people do say it. Example： タメでいいよ OR\nけいごじゃなくてタメでいいよ。 (you don't need to use honorific/polite, casual is fine)\n\nNote: \nanother way to know if you can switch to casual, if you are talking to people\nin similar age group and they changed into casual (from polite), you can\nchange into casual as well.",
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"body": "Maki's answer covers most of your questions, so I'm only going to go into\ncommon names for some of the different speech modes. However, as other\ncomments/answers have pointed out, these speech mode names don't come up in\nday-to-day conversation in the way you're asking about (at least in my\nexperience). They're more useful in linguistic contexts (eg \"how would I say\nthis sentence using honorific speech?\")\n\n通常口語 つうじょうこうご \"casual speech\" (actually, I'm not sure about this one.. haven't\nrun into a phrase for \"casual speech\" in day-to-day conversation so this is an\neducated guess)\n\n丁寧語 ていねいご \"polite speech\" is an umbrella term for non-casual speech (eg using\nです/ます sentence endings, etc)\n\n敬語 けいご \"respectful speech\" ~ in my experience, there's some variance in how\nthis is interpreted. Some speakers take this to mean the more formal polite\nspeech used in business or customer support, but some speakers take it to\ninclude basic \"polite speech\" as well.\n\nThe next two are more technical, and more precise in their meanings. They\nsplit formal \"super-polite\" Japanese into two major types:\n\n尊敬語 そんけいご \"honorific speech\" ~ speech that \"elevate\" your partner/out-group\nshowing that you respect their greater status. eg ご覧になる instead of 見る\n\n謙譲語 けんじょうご \"humble speech\" ~ speech that lowers yourself/in-group relative to\nthe speaking partner/out-group, showing their greater status indirectly. eg\n拝見（する) instead of 見る\n\nalso, not directly related to your question but sometimes useful:\n\n標準語 ひょうじゅんご \"standard speech\" eg \"standard Japanese\" as in \"textbook Tokyo-\ndialect Japanese\"",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-01T13:17:19.170",
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| 34509 | 34514 | 34514 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Good Evening, I'm a beginner in Japanese and stack exchange. I'm probably\ngoing to ask you all very simple and phrase based questions, so I am happy to\ngive any points or perks of appreciation that I can, as long as you teach me.\nAnyway, I know how to say one day in Japanese romaji (Aru hi), but I was\nwondering if someone could teach me how to say \"One day at a time\". Is there\nan extension of Aru hi, or is it just some other phrase. Please let me know.\nThanks",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-31T02:00:30.100",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34512",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-06-09T03:23:39.487",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "14572",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"phrases",
"phrase-requests",
"english-to-japanese"
],
"title": "How to say \"One day at a time\" in romaji",
"view_count": 6959
} | [
{
"body": "I think a simple one is 一日一歩｛いちにちいっぽ｝ which in romaji is _ichinichi ippo_.\nThis literally means \"one day one step\" and it bears the meaning of \"one day\nat the time\" in English.\n\nThere is as well another way to express a similar meaning with\n一日一日{いちにちいちにち}を着実{ちゃくじつ}に. In romaji _ichinichi ichinichi wo chakujitsu ni_.\nThis is a bit hard to translate literally as chakujitsu means \"steady, sound\".\nThe particle ni turns the noun before it in an adverb, so it could be \"one day\none day (day by day) steadily\", that after all means \"one day at the time\" as\nwell.\n\nBy the way, \"aruhi\" (ある日、。。。) means more \"one day\" in the sense of \"One day...\nsomething happened\" .. or like in a novel could be \"Once upon a time\". It does\nnot mean \"one day\" in the sense of counting days (like one, two, three days\netc). (i.e., \"on a certain day\")",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-31T02:19:05.077",
"id": "34513",
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"body": "For this specific case I actually prefer Tommy's answer (more idiomatic), but\nit might be worth pointing out that there is a general way to say \"N units at\na time\" in Japanese by using ずつ (zutsu):\n\nExamples:\n\n一日ずつ ichi nichi zutsu = one day at a time\n\n一人ずつ hitori zutsu = one person at a time\n\n二個ずつ ni ko zutsu = two \"small items\" at a time (eg, pieces of candy)\n\nSince it is usable with numbers other than 1, and with counters other than\npeople, it is a fairly flexible. If you're curious, Googling \"japanese grammar\nzutsu\" brings up additional information.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-31T07:30:36.363",
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{
"body": "zutsu is used as counter for quantity so 一日ずつ one day once (a year/a month/a\nweek)",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-01T09:38:27.957",
"id": "34546",
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| 34512 | null | 34513 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34528",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "In my understanding, both 片方の手 and 片手 mean \"one hand\". What is the difference\nand how to use them correctly?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-31T06:50:23.217",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34515",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What is the difference between 片方の手 and 片手?",
"view_count": 243
} | [
{
"body": "片方の手 would refer to one hand (physically speaking)\n\n片手（で）is used in the sense of doing something with one hand (one wouldn't say\n片方の手で自転車乗りました (I rode my bicycle with one hand))",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-31T10:13:10.630",
"id": "34522",
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"body": "Here are the first 10 hits for 片方の手 in BCCWJ Corpus:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/s1OO0.png)\n\nAs you can see, and as goldhick \"answered\" as a comment, 片方の手 tends to be used\nwhen it is contrasted with the other hand. (ie, \"One hand ～, the other hand\n～\")\n\n片手 is simpler; \"one hand\", \"one-handed\", etc. When you say 片手で運転する, what the\nother hand is doing is not important.\n\nAnother example: 岩を片手で持ち上げた simply means someone lifted a rock with one hand.\n岩を片方の手で持ち上げた is almost the same, but it may sound like he was doing something\nelse with his remaining hand.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-31T18:02:38.903",
"id": "34528",
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{
"body": "Both 片手 and 片方の手 seem to be sayig the same thing to me, with a little\ndifference of nuance - 片手 just meaning \"one hand,\" and 片方の手 meaning \"one of\none's hands,\" implying particular or preferred side of either \"right\" or\n\"left\" hands, usually the dominant hand.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-31T21:07:48.677",
"id": "34533",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-05-31T22:49:55.370",
"last_editor_user_id": "12056",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 34515 | 34528 | 34522 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34519",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> あんまりにも痛いんで、ムシャクシャして、適当なぬいぐるみ **を報復したくなった** 。 \n> 包丁で、無抵抗なぬいぐるみを滅多刺し。誰にでもできる惨殺行為、簡単すぎてものすごく無意味【つまらな】い。 \n> それはさぞかし気持ちが悪く、気色が悪く、後味なんか最悪で、つまり今のオレはそのぬいぐるみ役なのだった。\n\nBecause it hurt so much, because I got angry, I wanted to take revenge on a\nstuffed animal.\n\nIs it correct? \nI tought you should use に in this sentence. \nIs it there a difference?",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-31T09:06:27.687",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34517",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-02T11:57:03.593",
"last_edit_date": "2016-05-31T18:10:25.993",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "11352",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words"
],
"title": "報復する meaning in this sentence",
"view_count": 220
} | [
{
"body": "The target of 報復 is usually marked with に or へ. I also think this sentence\nshould be 適当なぬいぐるみ **に** 報復したくなった, at least.\n\nAnd I don't get why 報復 is used here in the first place, because you can't have\na grudge against a random (適当な) stuffed animal you didn't know. This kind of\naction is normally called\n[八つ当たり](http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E5%85%AB%E3%81%A4%E5%BD%93%E3%81%9F%E3%82%8A&ref=sa).\n\n**EDIT:** BCCWJ corpus has one example of ～を報復(する) and 15 examples of\n～に報復(する), excluding irrelevant hits like 直ちに報復する, 他国を報復のために攻撃する. I wouldn't\nsay ～を報復する is never used, but it's certainly uncommon. I don't think there is\nany semantic difference between ～を報復する and ～に報復する.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-31T10:03:27.237",
"id": "34519",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-31T17:39:25.377",
"last_edit_date": "2016-05-31T17:39:25.377",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "34517",
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{
"body": "Both に and を are used, but:\n\nに is \"formally correct\" and far more common. を seems 'fishy' to some native\nspeakers, but _some_ usages are correct to _some_ native speakers.\n\nに can mark any of the following (all similar): the receiver of the revenge,\nthe \"reason\" for an act of revenge, the originator of the cause of desire for\nrevenge. (.. and possibly other cases as well).\n\n[Note: following have been discussed/confirmed with a native speaker and are\nconsistent with the examples I've seen, but are 'shaky' ~ if you see counter-\nexamples or have specific doubts please let me know so I can continue to\nimprove this answer]\n\nを is more limited! It can only mark a physical entity that is receiving the\nact of revenge/retaliation. It can't mark a \"reason\" for retaliation like\n\"terrorism\", but it can mark a target like \"the country the terrorist came\nfrom\". That is 「テロに報復する」 is grammatical, 「テロを報復する」 is not, but both「その国に報復する」\nand「その国を報復する」 are grammatical.\n\nAlthough を's usage is low overall, its relative usage appears to be greater in\nthe context of news articles and broadcasts, especially when marking countries\ntargeted by retaliatory attacks. The intent might be to give a greater air of\nneutrality, matter-of-factness, etc. It is more likely to be used by a third-\nparty and/or to emphasize that the marked noun was \"just the actual/physical\ntarget\" of a retaliatory action.\n\nIn a comment, chocolate correctly points out that some dictionaries mark 報復する\nas an intransitive verb, and that intransitive verbs generally don't take a\ndirect object via を. However, it is also worth mentioning that exceptions\nexist. In particular, consider 走る, which is intransitive. However, it can be\nused with を, e.g., 「道を走る」 is grammatical. To me, を報復する seems like a very\nsimilar usage.\n\nA **wild and unsubstantiated theory** about the を usage that is nonetheless\nconsistent with all examples I've seen so far is as follows. Is it possible\nthat in this case を and に collapse to に when both are applicable to the same\nnoun? According to some approaches to Japanese grammar, は and が behave the\nsame way (in 私はアメリカ人です, 私 is semantically both は and が, but は \"eats\" the が by\na forced convention). If so it would partially explain the prevalence of に\nusage as を is eaten in all but special cases. If so, に might be more about\n\"reason\" for revenge and を specifically for target ~ except that in the vast\nmajority of cases where the same noun is both, に wins out.\n\n**EXAMPLE:** In any case, the following article actually uses both を報復する and\nに報復する so it is an example of how a single native author uses them differently:\n\nfrom <http://nor-net.jp/archives/2015/12/post-181.html>\n\nを:\n\n日本でテロが起きたとしても、相手を報復してはならない\n\nRoughly: \"Even if terrorism were to occur in Japan, (Japan) must not retaliate\non the other (country)\" [note that \"the terrorist/act of terrorism\" and\n\"country from which that terrorist came\" are subtly different, and here the\nlater is marked with を]\n\nに:\n\nテロにも報復してはならない\n\nRoughly: \"(Not just for murder, but) even for terror, vengeance must not be\npursued.\" [Here, \"terror\" is the action for which vengeance is being sought,\nthus marked with に.]\n\n[Note: this answer has gone through multiple heavy edits]",
"comment_count": 10,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-31T10:09:08.533",
"id": "34520",
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| 34517 | 34519 | 34519 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34524",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I'm looking for a good way to say \"marriage equality\" in Japanese.\n\nI like to avoid the term \"same-sex marriage\" (同性婚{どうせいこん}) in English because\nI think that it has an implication that it is somehow different to \"regular\"\nmarriage.\n\nAm I forced into a roundabout way of saying it like \"結婚が各性的指向に認められました\" or\nsomething like that?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-31T10:02:40.300",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34518",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-31T10:42:26.527",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "1805",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"translation"
],
"title": "How to say \"marriage equality\"?",
"view_count": 287
} | [
{
"body": "Japanese Wikipedia literally translates this noun as 平等【びょうどう】結婚\n([source](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7%E7%B5%90%E5%A9%9A)),\nand some Japanese sites introduces 結婚の平等, 婚姻の平等, etc.\n\nI think all of these are valid possibilities you can use, while 結婚の平等 seems to\nbe the most prevailing, according to Google. But whichever you choose, you\nhave to explain what it means first, because vast majority of Japanese\nspeakers don't know these phrases. I personally haven't seen any claim that\n同性婚 is a biased term. This situation may change within a few years, though.\n\nI checked several Japanese sites which contains these keywords, including\nsites which actively support LGBT. Many of them just briefly introduce these\nterms using brackets as (literal) translations of \"marriage equality\", and\nthen stick to 同性婚 or 同性間の結婚.\n\n結婚が各性的指向に認められました doesn't make sense to me.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-31T10:29:26.913",
"id": "34524",
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| 34518 | 34524 | 34524 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34523",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Here is the sentence spoken by Kansai speaker.\n\n> そのフォークみたい **の** 貸してください。\n\nOther than the question I put on the topic, if the 「の」 is not used instead of\n「を」, I would like to know if I can omit the 「の」 in the sentence?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-31T10:10:58.473",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34521",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-31T17:48:27.027",
"last_edit_date": "2016-05-31T17:48:27.027",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-の",
"particle-を",
"ellipsis"
],
"title": "Does the 「の」 can be used as 「を」?",
"view_count": 116
} | [
{
"body": "This has nothing to do with Kansai.\n\n「フォークみたい **の** 」 means 「フォークみたい **なもの** 」= \"fork-like thing\".\n\nThe 「の」 is not being used instead of 「を」. Rather, 「を」 is being omitted because\nof the informality of the speech.\n\nYou can correctly say 「フォークみたい **のを** 貸してください」 if you want to.\n\nYou cannot omit the 「の」 because if you do, 「フォークみたい」 cannot be nominalized.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-31T10:18:38.533",
"id": "34523",
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"parent_id": "34521",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
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| 34521 | 34523 | 34523 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34532",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "What can it mean when someone is talking about love and they use this phrase?\nExample:\n\n> 恋愛感情。\n>\n> 俺があの人に対して抱いている気持ちは、それなのだろうか。\n>\n> 綺麗だと思うし、ずっと見ていたい。今日のあの出来事を、忘れたくない。思い出すと胸が苦しくなった。\n>\n> もしかしてこれは。\n>\n> 「恋かな」\n\nDoesn't sound like the main character is describing a negative feeling, yet\nusing 苦 in a positive sense seems quite strange to me... Or is it normal?\nPerhaps it even can mean an actual physical sensation? (also seems strange to\nme, but I admit I'm not highly experienced in love)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-31T20:33:42.703",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34531",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-01T05:53:32.983",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "12271",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"expressions"
],
"title": "Using 胸が苦しい when talking about love",
"view_count": 210
} | [
{
"body": "I think it refers to experiencing such strong emotion almost such that it\nbecomes physical. I think in this case it's referring to the strong emotion of\nnot wanting to forget (忘れたくない) and that it hurts just thinking about what\nhappened today.\n\nIt's used quite often in song lyrics and reminds me of \"it pains me to part\",\nother people have mentioned \"heart-throbbing\".",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-05-31T20:37:25.077",
"id": "34532",
"last_activity_date": "2016-05-31T23:22:13.010",
"last_edit_date": "2016-05-31T23:22:13.010",
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"owner_user_id": "3916",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "胸が苦しい has 3 possible meanings according to\n[weblio](http://thesaurus.weblio.jp/content/%E8%83%B8%E3%81%8C%E8%8B%A6%E3%81%97%E3%81%8F%E3%81%AA%E3%82%8B):\n\n> 1. expression for positive affection where one's feeling rises a lot (it\n> rises a lot so that it feels painful, similar to a metaphor)\n> 2. expression for negative feelings, such as \"I'm very very sad\" replaced\n> with \"I feel so sad that my chest hurts\"\n> 3. both 1 and 2 are possible AND physical pain in the chest\n>\n\nFrom the given context, I would say it is expression for positive affection.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-01T02:30:17.840",
"id": "34539",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-01T05:53:32.983",
"last_edit_date": "2016-06-01T05:53:32.983",
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"owner_user_id": "9470",
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},
{
"body": "In this case 「胸が苦し」means that when ever he thinks of person he feels deep\nsadness. There really is not literal translation , so you need to go case by\ncase.\n\nIt can also mean physical pain in the chest or one of deep affection, so much\nso that it hurts in a literal sense.\n\nSo basically he is describing what he thinks is love and the feelings involved\nwith it, one being 「胸が苦し」.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-01T04:16:03.227",
"id": "34542",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "14605",
"parent_id": "34531",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 34531 | 34532 | 34532 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I would like to understand these words more clearly as I do with おとこのこ and\nおんなのこ\n\nBeing that おとこのこ basically translates into \"male of youth\" and that おんなのこ\nbasically translates into \"female of youth\"\n\nSo breaking them down to their literal meaning would be of great help. Thanks!",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-31T21:48:48.977",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"words"
],
"title": "Can someone break down かのじょ and かれ for me?",
"view_count": 413
} | [
{
"body": "According to this [link](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BD%BC):\n\n彼｛かれ｝\n\n> 1. distal demonstrative, something far off removed from both speaker and\n> listener\n>\n> 2. third person pronoun: he, she particularly, male personal third person\n> pronoun: he\n>\n>\n\nI found it interesting that the kanji for 彼処{あそこ}, which means \"over there\"\nalso contained the kanji 彼{かれ} which may be a reason why it is used for the\npronoun \"he\" and in the same way 彼女｛かのじょ｝ for \"she\" as other people are\nsomewhat distant from oneself.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-05-31T22:25:16.817",
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"body": "The kanji for かれ is 彼（れ）. かれ is an old form of あれ, meaning \"that one\" (as you\nprobably know). 彼 can also be used in [彼]{あ}の (again, \"that one [specific\nthing]\"). Somehow -- and I'm not sure how etymologically -- 彼れ became 彼, which\nbecame shorthand for 彼の男: that man\n\nThe kanji for 彼女 is then basically [彼]{あ}の[女]{おんな}: that woman (again, with\nthe かの being an old form of あの and the の being omitted). See more about this\nexplanation here: [What does かの日\nmean?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/13052/78)\n\nThese words also became shorthand when talking about relationships\n(boyfriend/girlfriend), but I don't know about the etymology of this either.",
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"creation_date": "2016-05-31T22:34:29.373",
"id": "34536",
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"body": "Adding as a follow-up to the other two posts.\n\nFull disclosure: I edited both the\n[彼](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BD%BC) and\n[彼女](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%A5%B3#Japanese) entries over\nat the English Wiktionary.\n\n### The reading\n\n * The _ka_ reading for 彼 seems to be the oldest, appearing in the oldest Japanese texts such as the _Man'yōshū_ ([Wikipedia article](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%27y%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB) talking about the text; [online text at the University of Virginia](http://jti.lib.virginia.edu/japanese/manyoshu/AnoMany.html), showing ancient kanji + man'yōgana, standardized kanji + kana, and kana only for each poem).\n * The _a_ reading appears in the [Heian period](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heian_period) (794–1185).\n\n### Pronouns and places\n\n * The れ ending in かれ・あれ・それ・これ・どれ・だれ is a kind of nominalizing (noun-forming) suffix that appears in certain kinds of pronouns. See also われ・おのれ etc.\n * The こ ending in あこ・あそこ・そこ・ここ・どこ is a different kind of nominalizing suffix that refers to a \"place\". Has apophonic (different-vowel) forms か and く. See also すみか・みやこ etc.\n * あそこ is a shift from older あしこ, in turn from even older かしこ. \n * The あ and older か is this same 彼 as a distal marker: \"yon, yonder\", referring to something far from both speaker and listener.\n * The し is an ancient directional marker that has mostly vanished, but still shows up in the odd word, such as むかし (むか from 向く, し as the directional).\n * The こ is the same locational こ.\n\n### 彼【かれ】 development\n\n * This originally meant \"that thing [far away]\".\n * Over time, it came to be used elliptically to refer to \"that person [far away]\". \nCompare the sense development for あなた that exhibits a similar re-use of a term\nfor its indirectness. This originally similarly meant \"over there far away\",\nthen came to mean \"that person over there\" and later \"you\".\n\n * Still later, during the course of 蘭学【らんがく】 and studies and translations of Western texts, the sense of \"that person\" shifted again starting from the late Edo and finally becoming widespread during the Taishō era, including a specifically \"male\" sense, alongside the specifically \"female\" sense expressed by the term かのじょ.\n\n### 彼女【かのじょ】 development\n\n * This term only appears in texts as late as the Edo period. The reading was originally かのおんな or あのおんな, and it meant \"that woman [far away]\".\n * The first written appearance of the _kanojo_ reading is in 1876, in the 改正【かいせい】画引【がくびき】小学【しょうがく】読本【どくほん】 (“Revised Stroke-ordered Elementary-school Reader”), while the first clear use of this term as a pronoun for \"she\" is around 1888, both dates per the [Daijirin entry](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%BD%BC%E5%A5%B3-465534#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88).",
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| 34534 | null | 34536 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34538",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "If I wanted to say \"I ate something this morning\" or \"Did you eat something\nthis morning\", would I use a particle with \"this morning\"?\n\nExample:\n\n> **けさ** 、なにかたべましたか？\n\nvs\n\n> **けさは** なにかたべましたか？",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-01T00:14:37.640",
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"owner_user_id": "13645",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particle-は",
"adverbs",
"time"
],
"title": "Using particles with a time as a topic",
"view_count": 212
} | [
{
"body": "You have a choice; You can say it with or without 「は」. The more informal the\nspeech, the more often the 「は」 is dropped.\n\nThe only situation in which 「は」 is not optional and it must be used is when\nyou talk about what someone ate/will eat this morning in comparison to what he\nate/will eat on another day. That is always 「けさ **は** 」 as 「けさ」in those cases\nis an importat topic.\n\n(The common mistake among Japanese-learners that I have been witnessing is to\nuse 「に」 instead of 「は」 with words such as 「けさ」,「きょう」,「あした」, etc. .)",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 34537 | 34538 | 34538 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34543",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Here is the sentence:\n\n> おおっ くせえのう… おらあぶた小屋だけはマスクなしではそばにも **よれん** わい。\n\nIt is probably said by Kansai speaker which I'm not certain.\n\nI understand that よれん or よれない means 'not to get twisted'. But I think it would\nbe conflicted because if he is coming near pig pen without wearing a mask, his\nface should be getting twisted because of stinky smell.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-01T03:57:55.573",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"words",
"dialects",
"manga"
],
"title": "What does the word よれん mean?",
"view_count": 398
} | [
{
"body": "He is basically saying that the pig pen stinks and won't go near it (without a\nmask, to be more precise).\n\n「よれん」means in this case not to go near the pig pen. It does not mean 'not to\nget twisted'. When referring to the mask, he just means that a mask would be\nable to get him near a pig pen. In this instance 「おらあ」means, he is talking\nabout himself.\n\nI should also point out that this type of talk would be from an older man or\nthe story that it came from is rather old, as no one here in Kansai really\nspeaks like this any more.\n\nIf you were to say the same thing in the Kansai area (More specifically\nWakayama and south Osaka) nowadays it would go something like this.\n\n> おぇ、くっせなぁ。。。 わし、マスクなかったらブタ小屋ちかよれやんわ\n>\n> ahh, this stinks... There is no way I could go near a pig pen without a\n> mask.\n\nSame sentence in what Kantou region would say.\n\n> うわぁ、くっさいな。。。 おれ、マスクなかったらブタ小屋にはちかよれない",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-01T04:09:57.850",
"id": "34541",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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},
{
"body": "よれ (wrinkle) is a different verb to よれん. \nよれん is from よらない which is the negative of よる (寄る come near).\n\n> おおっ くせえのう… おらあぶた小屋だけはマスクなしではそばにもよれんわい。 \n> Oh, so smelly... Pig house is the only place I can't go near without a mask.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-01T05:21:54.560",
"id": "34543",
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"score": 4
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| 34540 | 34543 | 34543 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34549",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I've just stumbled upon a phrase:\n\n> 「夕方【ゆうがた】 アパートの山田【やまだ】さん宅【たく】の玄関【げんかん】で」\n\nIf I understand it correctly, the meaning is:\n\n> In the evening, at the front door of Yamada's apartment.\n\nWhat I don't understand is the way the phrase is constructed. It reads like:\n\n> In the evening, at apartment's Yamada's front door.\n\nIt feels like there's an ambiguity whether it's the \"apartment's Yamada\" or\nthe \"apartment's front door\". Why not:\n\n> 「夕方【ゆうがた】 山田【やまだ】さんのアパートの玄関【げんかん】で」\n\nThis might not be a good analogy, but if I decide to stick to the original\nphrase's structure and unwind the sentences from the end, then the following:\n\n> 猫【ねこ】の山田【やまだ】さんの鼻【はな】\n\ncould be translated as:\n\n> Nose of Yamada's cat.\n>\n> (cat's Yamada's nose ~= apartment's Yamada's front door)\n\nBut I feel that the correct translation would rather be:\n\n> Nose of cat's Yamada.\n\nWhich doesn't make sense... I'm confused.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-01T11:04:28.697",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"syntax"
],
"title": "Don't understand the structure of 「夕方アパートの山田さん宅の玄関で」",
"view_count": 918
} | [
{
"body": "Japanese アパート refers not only to an individual apartment, but also to a whole\n\"apartment house/building\" in English. In fact, the latter is the primary\nmeaning of アパート. [See jisho.org's\ndefinition](http://jisho.org/search/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88).\n\nObviously, アパート in アパートの山田さん宅の玄関で refers to the whole apartment building.\n山田さん宅 is the phrase that corresponds to \"Yamada's apartment\" in English here\n(宅 ≒ house). The word order should look pretty natural if you know that. (To\nbe clear, the phrase means \"at the front door of Yamada's apartment of the\napartment house\")\n\nOf course, 山田さんのアパート can mean a whole apartment building owned by Yamada.\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT:**\n\n * 「アパートの山田さん宅の玄関」 makes perfect sense only if the listener and the speaker already know which apartment _building_ they are talking about. (I took it for granted in my original answer, but that might not be obvious.) Otherwise, the speaker needs to specify which building he is referring to, by saying \"このアパートの\" or \"駅前のアパートの\", etc.\n * 「山田さんのアパートの玄関」 would theoretically be ambiguous, because アパート can mean both \"apartment (room)\" and \"apartment building\". But I won't say this is a confusing phrase, because the listener usually knows whether 山田 is one of the residents of the building or the owner of the building. It's very unlikely that this causes a real misunderstanding. I have used 彼のアパート, ○○さんのアパート many times in my life without any problem. Likewise, if you heard someone say アパートを買った, you have to guess whether he bought a room or he bought a whole building. But that's not tough, is it?\n * The same can be said for [マンション](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/11654/5010).",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-01T11:32:37.043",
"id": "34549",
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{
"body": "The time & location phrase:\n\n> 「夕方、アパートの山田さん宅の玄関で」\n\nmakes perfect sense. There is simply nothing incorrect, unnatural or ambiguous\nabout it - **_none_**.\n\nIn this phrase, 「アパート」 refers to the **_apartment building_** , and 「山田さん\n**宅** 」 refers to Yamada's **_unit/room_** in the building.\n\n「玄関」 refers to the entrance area (roughly both inside and outside of the front\ndoor) of Yamada's unit/room. It does **_not_** refer to the entrance to the\napartment building.\n\nYour phrase:\n\n> 「夕方、山田さんのアパートの玄関で」\n\nsounds a little bit ambiguous because it can mean two different things.\n\n1) \"in the evening, at the entrance to Yamada's apartment building\"\n\n2) \"in the evening, at the front door to Yamada's room/unit\"\n\nThe first phrase 「夕方、アパートの山田さん **宅** の玄関で」 can only mean #2 above. If a phrase\ncan only mean one thing, you usually have a well-structured phrase, dontcha?\n\n> 「猫の山田さんの鼻」\n\nwould **_only_** make sense if the cat's name were 山田さん.\n\n=\" ** _the nose of the cat Yamada-san_** \"\n\nIn this case, the 「の」 is appositive.\n\nIf you, however, wanted to say \"the nose of Yamada's cat\" instead, that would\nbe:\n\n> 「山田さんの猫の鼻」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-01T11:47:18.417",
"id": "34550",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-06-01T12:08:28.790",
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},
{
"body": "I hope I won't step on anyone's toes here. But I am compelled to answer the\nquestion. \nThis statement below really is not said, it sounds strange:\n\n> * 「夕方【ゆうがた】、アパートの山田【やまだ】さん宅【たく】の玄関【げんかん】で」\n>\n\nThis is more along the lines of what would really be said in everyday life. 「宅\n【たく】」 is used more so for someones house BTW.\n\n> * 「夕方【ゆうがた】、山田【やまだ】さんの住{す}んでいるアパートの入{い}り口{ぐち}で」\n>\n\nThe above is referring to Yamada's apartment buildings entrance.\n\nThis statement:\n\n> * 山田【やまだ】さんのアパートの玄関【げんかん】\n>\n\nshould really be written like this:\n\n> * 「夕方【ゆうがた】、山田【やまだ】さんの住{す}んでいるアパートの玄関【げんかん】で」\n>\n\nYou need to include 「住{す}んでいる」(where one lives) to make sense of the sentence.\nThe way it was worded just makes it too hard to know what exactly you are\nreferring to, Yamada's apartment building or the actual living space.\n\nWhen talking of Yamada's actual living spaces entrance 「アパートの玄関【げんかん】」 what\nthis is referring to is not the apartment door but, the space between the\n「玄関【げんかん】の扉{とびら}」 or (front door) in English and the 「上{あ}がり框{かまち}」 or the\nrise in floor level connects to the apartments rooms. 「玄関【げんかん】の扉{とびら}」 is\nreferring to the \"front door\" of the apartment.\n\nAlso when referring to Yamada's apartment buildings entrance, you could also\nsay something like this. 「山田【やまだ】さんのアパートビルのエントランス」 or Yamada's apartment\nbuilding's entrance.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-01T13:36:40.690",
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| 34547 | 34549 | 34549 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34551",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "When I learnt ～ほど～ない grammar, I found examples with 他に as follows. For me, the\npresence of 他に seems to be wasteful because\n\n * 私ほどハンサムな人はいない。There is none as handsome as I.\n\n * 私ほどハンサムな人は他にいない。There is no other person as handsome as I.\n\nlogically \"none\" in this context should be enough to represent other persons\nexcluding me.\n\nIs 他に essential in ～ほど～ない grammar?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-01T11:18:46.200",
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"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Is 他に essential in ～ほど～ない grammar?",
"view_count": 150
} | [
{
"body": "Essentially these two statements are the same. Both are of the meaning that\nthere is \"No one more handsome than me\"\n\n * 私{わたし}ほどハンサムな人はいない。\n\n * 私{わたし}ほどハンサムな人は他{ほか}にいない。\n\nBasically what you are doing with the second sentence is \"emphasizing\" or\n「強調{きょうちょう}」in Japanese, that there is no one **else** as handsome as you.\n\nIt sort of makes you as if you are the bees knees and full of yourself. Not\ndisregarding that saying that you are the most handsome in the first place\nsuggests that you are pretty confident in yourself (I am not saying that what\nyou are , just in regards to the meaning of the question.)\n\n * これほど美味{おい}しいパンはない。There is no bread a nice as this.\n\n * これほど美味{おい}しいパンは他{ほか}にない。There is no other bread as nice as this.\n\nSame deal in this case as well.\n\nEssentially, 「他{ほか}に」 in conjunction with「～ほど～ない」just emphasizes what you are\ntrying to convey. I can't think of a case where it would change the meaning\ngreatly.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-01T11:52:00.907",
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}
]
| 34548 | 34551 | 34551 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34569",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "日本の輸出をストップさせるために、円高が進行していたからである。\n\nI know that normally it explains reason, but if I translate it with that\nmeaning, the sentence doesn't make sense. And I've found this usage of からである,\nin other sentence too...\n\nしかも、地価をのぞけば、物価も安定していたからである (for example)\n\nThank you very much!!",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-01T17:08:08.620",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34555",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"translation",
"business-japanese",
"particle-から"
],
"title": "How should I translate からである in this sentence?",
"view_count": 383
} | [
{
"body": "This is から + である。\n\nから = because\n\nである is a more formal version of です",
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"creation_date": "2016-06-01T20:47:23.427",
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"body": "Just to expand of ishikun's answer.\n\n * 日本{にほん}の輸出{ゆしゅつ}をストップさせるために、円高{えんだか}が進行{しんこう}していたからである。 \n * To enable exports from Japan to stop due to progressive Appreciation of the Yen\n\nAnd for your second sentence,\n\n * しかも、地価{ちか}をのぞけば、物価{ぶっか}も安定{あんてい}していたからである\n * On top of that, leaving out Land prices, it is from prices (of commodities) stabilizing\n\nAlso, the following 「である」is very rarely used in spoken Japanese, but is widely\nused in written form.\n\n * 円高が進行していた **からである**\n\nWould be said something like this,\n\n * 円高が進行していた **からだ**",
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"creation_date": "2016-06-01T22:24:11.297",
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"body": "Yes that から denotes a reason. 「AはBからである」 is \"The reason of A is B\", \"A because\nB\", etc.\n\n> * 眠いのは遅くまでテレビを見ていたからだ。 \n> (You are/I am/etc) sleepy because (I/you/etc) stayed up late watching TV.\n> * 空が青いのは太陽光が空気によって散乱されるからです。 \n> The sky is blue because the sunlight is scattered by the air.\n>\n\n(The の before は is the\n[nominalizer](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/29367/5010).)\n\nIf the first part (\"Aは\") is missing, the sentence denotes a reason referring\nto the previous sentence (i.e., \"It's because ～\").\n\n> * 遅くまでテレビを見ていたからだ。 \n> It's because (you/I/etc) stayed up late watching TV.\n> * 日本の輸出をストップさせるために、円高が進行していた **からである** 。 \n> **It's because** the value of yen was increasing in order to stop\n> (stagnate) exports from Japan.\n>\n\nPlease provide us the previous context if the sentence still doesn't make\nsense.",
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"body": "> 「[日本]{にほん}の[輸出]{ゆしゅつ}をストップさせるために、[円高]{えんだか}が[進行]{しんこう}していた **からである** 。」\n\nI _think_ I know why you do not think this sentence makes sense. (The sentence\nmakes perfect sense, I assure you.)\n\n「～～からである」 indeed expresses the reason for a result (or the cause of an\neffect), but you are looking for the description of the result/effect within\nthat one sentence, are you not? If so, the result/effect is _**not**_\nmentioned within the sentence. _**It should be mentioned in the preceding\nsentences**_.\n\n> \" _ **That is because**_ the yen was accelerating its appreciation in order\n> to stop Japanese export business.\"\n\nThe same thing could be said about your second example sentence. The\nresult/effect is not mentioned in it.\n\n> 「しかも、[地価]{ちか}をのぞけば、[物価]{ぶっか}も[安定]{あんてい}していたからである。」\n>\n> \" _ **That is because**_ the prices, except for land prices, had become\n> stabilized as well.\"",
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| 34555 | 34569 | 34569 |
{
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"body": "Google translates it as \"you care\" and my guide says it is used to say \"I'll\nbe careful.\" From the structure I can figure out that き means something like\ncare and つけます would be something like \"be.\" Please help.",
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"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning"
],
"title": "How does き を つけます translate to I'll be careful?",
"view_count": 3973
} | [
{
"body": "You appear unskilled at Japanese, so allow me to break it down. 気{き}を付{つ}ける is\nto be taken as a single phrase. Literally you could say it means 'attach your\nmind', i.e. be mindful. In Japanese, pronouns such as _I_ , _you_ , and _she_\nmay omitted if they are easily divined by context. Finally ます is attached to\nverbs to make them more polite, in this case replacing る. All in all 気を付けます is\na courteous way of saying 'I will be careful' or 'I will take care.'",
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"body": "Put plainly ,just translates as,\n\n * 気{き}をつける\n * I will be careful\n\nSome things just can't be literally translated in Japanese to English. So\nthere is no way to really break it down like you would like to.\n\n「気{き}」 on its own has a broad amount of meanings and when used with other\nKanji or in conjunction with a phrase can take on quite a few meanings.\n\nie,\n\n * 空気{くうき} = air\n * 大気{たいき} = atmosphere\n * 気{き}が大{おお}きい = generous\n * 気{き}の強{つよ}い = strong willed\n * 気{き}を落{お}とす = lose heart\n * 気{き}を落{お}ち着{つ}ける = calm oneself\n\nAs you can see in the last 4 examples, they are similar expressions to\n「気{き}をつける」That the whole phrase make the meaning. There are a lot of Japanese\nexpressions like this using many different Kanji and meanings.",
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"body": "気を付ける literally means **(I) attach feelings (to something)**. It means that\nyou will do something with much thought. Therefore not being careless...\n\nUsing this context, we can translate it naturally as **I will be careful**.\n\n_It's like English metaphors of 'You are the bee knees!\" or \"A piece of\ncake!\"_",
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"body": "Somehow a one track answer seemed to slip into this. I am not at all an expert\nin Japanese - far from it. However, I have 600-1000 Japanese students per year\ncome stay at my host family homes. In my experience and you can take it to the\nbank, this phrase is more commonly used to tell another person to be careful.\nIt may be used as I will be careful, but that is not it's normal and typical\nuse. A mother would be telling her child be careful when they're riding a\nbike, or potentially doing something dangerous like cutting a carrot.",
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| 34556 | 34557 | 34557 |
{
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"body": "Dad is being told off for eating too fast and not leaving enough food for\ngrandma and grandad. He replies:\n\n> 「おう、これでも遠慮してるんだぞ。じいさんもばあさんも、どんどん勝つ手に食べりゃいいんだ。」 \n> Even though it looks (bad) I'm holding back. Both grandma and grandad\n> rapidly ????\n\nI assume 食べりゃ is a contraction of 食べれば. \"It's okay if grandma and grandad eat\n...\".\n\nI can't understand the 勝つ手に part. I guess from the に that 勝つ手に is supposed to\nbe an adverb but I can't make anything make sense that fits the context.",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"set-phrases"
],
"title": "Meaning of 勝つ手に",
"view_count": 117
} | [
{
"body": "I think it's supposed to be\n[勝手{かって}](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/42832/meaning/m0u/) with a little つ.",
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| 34560 | 34561 | 34561 |
{
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"body": "I have the following sentence and I can't find any material pointing out the\nusage of this grammar.\n\n> 薦められた本を **読むには読んだ** が、よく理解できなかった。\n\nIn general, what is the usage of 「VるにはVた」?",
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"score": 44,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"jlpt"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 「読むには読んだ」?",
"view_count": 4833
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{
"body": "According to the definition of\n[には](https://kotobank.jp/word/%E3%81%AB%E3%81%AF-592565)\n\n> ３\n> （多く「…には…が」の形で、動詞や形容詞を繰り返して）一応その動作や状態は認めるが、それに関連して起こる動作や状態については関知したり容認したりしない意を表す。「推薦状は、書くには書くが、あまり期待しないでくれ」「涼しいには涼しいが、ちょっと冷えすぎる」\n\nIt's saying that you recognize that a particular state or action but didn't\nacknowledge/accept the significance of what happened due to that state/action.\n\nSo in this case: \"Although I read the book you recommended, I didn't\nunderstand it\"",
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"body": "> 「Verb/Adjective + には + Same Verb/Adjective」\n\nis a common (informal) way to _**emphasize**_ the verb/adjective.\n\n> 「[薦]{すす}められた[本]{ほん}を[読]{よ}む **には** 読んだが、よく[理解]{りかい}できなかった。」\n>\n> = \"I _**did read**_ the book that (someone recommended), but I was unable to\n> understand it well.\"\n\nAn example using an adjective:\n\n> 「このピザはうまい **には** うまいが、[激]{げき}ウマではない。」\n>\n> \"This pizza is indeed good, but it is not mind-blowing.\"",
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"body": "「読むには読んだ」 means 'skimmed' a book. You quickly ran through the book, but not\nintensively.\n\n\"VるにはVた\" means \"If I were forced to answer if I did it or not, I did it (but\nnot intensively / seriously).\"\n\nFor example:\n\n> * 英語を習うには習った、でも上手く喋れない。 \n> I learned English, but I cannot speak it well.\n>\n> * 聞くには聞いた、でも覚えていない。 \n> I heard it, but I cannot recall it.\n>\n> * 言うには言った、でも約束した覚えはない。 \n> Yes, I said it, but I didn't promise it.\n>\n> * 行くには行った、でもすぐ帰ってきた。 \n> I went there, but I returned right away.\n>\n>",
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"body": "# 日本語\n\n「読むには読んだ」の解釈として、（１）ざっと読む＜Yoichi Oishi＞、（２）内容や用語が難しいので理解するのが難しい＜Jesse\nGood＞、（３）何年も前に読んだので内容を忘れたかもしれない＜Jesse Good＞が既にある。\n\nYoichi Oishiの 「VるにはVだ」を使った他の文例を見ると、「読むには読んだ」の解釈を含めて一貫性があるような気がし、一定の評価をする。\n\nしかし、私には「読むには読んだ」が使われる場面を想定すると、（１）は違うような気がしてならない。一方、Jesse\nGoodの指摘、あるいは解釈もなかなか良いと思う。\n\nここで、私は４番目の解釈を提案する。\n\n「読むには読んだ」の前提として次のことが言える。\n\n * 内容が簡単な本、あるいは、雑誌などにはあまり使われないように思う。\n * 自分の理解力の範囲内ではちゃんと読んだ、あるいは、自分の普段読む方法ではちゃんと読んだ。当然、ざっと読んだ訳ではない。また、理解するのが難しかった訳でも、内容を忘れた訳でもない。\n\n一般に、読んだ本の内容の理解度は読む人の能力あるいは興味に依存する。また、ある本の内容について他人と議論することも少ない。\nしかし、たまたま、ある有名な本、あるいは内容が充実した本に関して、友人（一人とは限らない）もその本を読んでいたことが分かり、その本のことが会話での話題になったとする。そのようなとき、主に次の２つの理由で、「読むには読んだ」が議論の冒頭でこの理由に該当する人から発せられるような気がする。\n\n【１】これからの議論では、想定もしない論点が提起される可能性があるので、予め本の内容に対する理解の不十分さを伝えて置く。これは一般に「予め逃げを打つ」と言われる行為である。\n\n【２】主に男の世界、あるいは知識人の中で良くあることであるが、本の内容そのものの議論ではなく、 **議論を通じて話者の力量が推し量られることが一般的**\nである。その場合、自分の力量を低く見られるのを避けるために次のような意図の一つあるいはそのいくつかが合わさって「読むには読んだ」と予め言っておく。いずれの場合も、知識人を装う主に男性が「見栄」で発する表現である。\n\n * 相手の提起した論点を特に意識して読んでいないので、その論点での質の高い回答ができないことの言い訳とする。\n * 相手の提起した論点の記述は実際には覚えているが忘れたことにして、回答ができないことの言い訳とする。\n * 丁寧に読めばもっと高いレベルの発言ができるのだと、自分の持っている力量がもっと大きいことを誇示する。\n\n# English\n\nThe following three interpretations are already made for \"読むには読んだ\". \n(1) 'to skim' a book or to quickly run through a book, but not intensively ー\nYoichi Oishi \n(2) I think it's a difficult book to understand because of difficult\nterminology. ー Jesse Good \n(3) I may have forgotten the contents because I read it many years ago. ー\nJesse Good\n\nLooking at \"読むには読んだ\" and other sentences using \" VるにはVだ\", I would somewhat\nevaluate Yoichi Oishi's consistent interpretation.\n\nHowever, assuming a scene where \"読むには読んだ\" is used, (1) doesn't seem\nsufficiently correct. On the other hand, what was pointed out and new\ninterpretations proposed by Jesse Good are quite good and gave me a suggestion\nto think further.\n\nTherefore, I'll propose the fourth interpretation.\n\nThe following facts can be said as the premise of \"読むには読んだ\".\n\n * It seems that this phrase is not used much for books with simple content, magazines etc.\n * I properly read the book with the ability of my understanding or I properly read it in my own way. Of course, I did not skim it. Also, I remember the content of it now even if it was difficult to understand.\n\nIn general, the degree of comprehension of the contents of the book depends on\nthe ability or interests of the reader. And, we usually don't discuss with\nothers on the contents of a book.\n\nHowever, by chance, it is assumed that a friend (or friends) read a certain\nwell-known book or a meaty book that you have read, and that the book became a\ntopic in the conversation.\n\nIn such a case, \"読むには読んだが\" seems to be said at the beginning of the discussion\nfrom a person corresponding to one of the following two reasons.\n\n(A) In the discussion from now on, there is a possibility that an issue that\nwas not supposed may be raised, so a person would inform the insufficiency of\nunderstanding of the contents of the book in advance. This is an act commonly\nreferred to as \"[予]｛あらかじ｝ め [逃]｛に｝げを[打]｛う｝つ _to get ready to escape in\nadvance_ or _to take measures beforehand to escape pursuit of responsibility\netc._ \".\n\n(B) It is common in men's world or intellectuals that the competence or the\ncaliber of the speaker is judged through the discussion, apart from the\ndiscussion of the contents of the book itself. In that case, in order to avoid\nhis competence being judged lower, he would say \"読むには読んだ\" in advance with the\nintention of making one or some of the following excuses. In any case, a man\npretending to be an intellectual would sometimes use this expression in order\nto \"make himself look bigger\".\n\n * Since he was not particularly conscious of the point or issue raised by the opponent when he read the book, he makes an excuse that he cannot make a higher quality answer to it.\n * Although he actually remember the contents of the point raised by the opponent, he pretends to forget it now and makes an excuse for not being able to answer properly.\n * He insists that if he would have read the book more carefully he could discuss the issue at a higher level, in order to show off that his competence is greater.",
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| 34564 | 34567 | 34567 |
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"body": "Here is the sentence said by a boy who had punched a pig in a pen and then\nbeing struck by it.\n\nだめだっ...なぐろう **が** けとばそう **が** びくともしやせん\n\n1) Does the first 「が」 work the same function as the second one?\n\n2) Can I replace the first 「が」with 「と」 or 「や」 to list multiple actions: 「なぐろう」\nand 「けとばそう」?\n\n3) Based on the understanding the multiple particles in the sentence, I\ntranslated like this: 'Even I intend to hit and kick the pig but it's not\nafraid of me at all', am I correct?",
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"tags": [
"particle-が",
"manga"
],
"title": "Questions about multiple particles 「が」 in a sentence",
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{
"body": "What he is saying in this sentence is,\n\n> 「だめだっ...なぐろうがけとばそうがびくともしやせん」\n>\n> Its no good, its doesn't matter if punch or kick him/it nothing affects\n> him/it.\n\nYes, 「が」is working the same function in this case.\n\nAnd to answer the second question, you can't replace the first「が」with 「と」or\n「や」.\n\nThis another way to re-phrase this.\n\n> だめだっ...殴{なぐ}っても蹴{け}っ飛{と}ばしてもびくともしやせん」\n\nThis basically has the same meaning, but the way I wrote it does not convey\nthe emotion that the first sentence (your example) does. The format is\nVerb「も」verb「も」, Basically, I did this as well as this.\n\nEDIT. The comment from Chocolate, spurred me to elaborate a little more.\n\n「びくともしやせん」does not carry the meaning of being scared, I am gathering that you\nwere referring to\n[「びっくり」](http://ejje.weblio.jp/sentence/content/%E3%81%B3%E3%81%A3%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8A%E3%81%97%E3%81%9F).\nIn this case the meaning is that what ever you did to it (pig), nothing\naffected it. Or you could say it would not budge, flinch or move. Hope that\nhelps.\n\nEdit: Request for further explanation.\n\n「殴{なぐ}ろう」 is the volitional verb form of 「殴{なぐ}る」\n\n> ビリーくんがチャーリくんを殴{なぐ}ろうとしたが、友達{ともだち}に止{と}められた\n>\n> Billy **tried** to **punch** Charlie, but [Billy's] friends stopped him.\n\n「蹴{け}っ飛{と}ばそう」or 「蹴{け}飛{と}ばそう」 (both same meaning) is the volitional verb form\nof「蹴{け}っ飛{と}ばす」 and is a conjugated verb of 「蹴{け}る」and「飛{と}ばす」.「\n蹴{け}っ飛{と}ばす」and 「蹴{け}る」both mean kick in this context of the sentence,\nbut「蹴{け}っ飛{と}ばす」has the image of being more forceful and more powerful. In\nmost case a verb that is conjugated with 「飛{と}ばす」, you are trying to emphasize\nthe effect of the original verb.\n\n> ビリーくんがボールを蹴{け}っ飛{と}ばそうとしたが、足{あし}が滑{すべ}ってこける。\n>\n> Billy **tried** to **boot** the ball, but he slipped and fell.\n\nHere I am using \"boot\" as a more powerful word to \"kick\".\n\nIn these cases it is interpreted as **try to do something**. Another example.\n\n> ビリーくんが山を登{のぼ}ろうとしたが、足{あし}が滑{すべ}って落{お}ちた。\n>\n> Billy **tried** to **climb** the mountain, but slipped and fell.\n\nBy its self you can do this.\n\n> ビリーくんが「あの山を登{のぼ}ろう」、とみんなに言{い}った。\n>\n> Billy said, **lets climb** that mountain.\n\nIn this case it means **lets do something**.\n\n「びくとも・しない」、with out getting too deep, it basically means to not budge,\nunyielding. It will always be「びくともしない」, you can't say this 「びくともする」. I hope\nthat helps.",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-02T04:09:50.980",
"id": "34571",
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}
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| 34570 | 34571 | 34571 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34581",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I think the difference may be the heaven of other religions versus the heaven\nof Shintou, but I'm not 100% on it either way. Am I right, or is there still\nsomething I'm missing on this one?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-02T06:22:21.957",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "What's the difference between 天国 and 高天原?",
"view_count": 111
} | [
{
"body": "Kind of, but there's controversy and we ourselves don't know what it exactly\nis either. Since shinto myth is a mystified form of our ancestor's history,\nit's probably a place in north Kyushu. It's of course not a place above the\nsky where you go after death.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-02T09:05:22.550",
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"body": "Generally 天国 refers to the Christian heaven (while 地獄 can refer to both, the\nChristian and Buddhism hell). Both words are frequently used in everyday\nlanguage (「天国だね」、「地獄行き」). 高天原 refers to the 神道 concept and is not really used\nin everyday language.",
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| 34574 | 34581 | 34578 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34576",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I have looked related examples up from the internet and I found some patterns\nas follows.\n\nWhat I want to say is\n\n> _Mathematics has a great impact (influence) on technology._\n\nor\n\n> _Technology is greatly impacted (influenced) by mathematics._\n\nMy attempts are as follows but I am confused in choosing the best one.\n\n * A: 数学が技術に大きな影響をする。\n\n * B: 数学が技術に大きな影響を与える。\n\n * C: 数学が技術に大きな影響力を持つ。\n\n * D: 数学が技術に大きな影響を及ぼす。\n\n * E: 数学が技術に大きな影響を齎す。\n\n * F: 数学は技術に大きな影響がある。\n\n * G: **技術** が数学に **大きく** 影響される。\n\n * H: **技術** が数学に大きな影響を受ける。\n\nBonus: If you have any other expressions, please let me know.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-02T08:20:43.953",
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"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 0,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "How to say \"Mathematics has a great impact on technology.\"?",
"view_count": 152
} | [
{
"body": "Firstly there is the issue of using\n[「テクノロジー」](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/151214/meaning/m0u/) or 「技術」. \nUsing either is fine, but I thought you should be aware there are other\npossibilities for your question.\n\nSome more food for thought.\n\n * 数学がテクノロジーに強い影響を与える\n * 数学が技術に強い影響力がある\n * 数学がテクノロジーに強い影響力がある\n * 数学がテクノロジーに大きな影響を与える\n\nAs for yours, the below is not used, in this instance 「をする」 does not make\nsense.\n\n * A: 数学が技術に大きな影響 **をする** 。\n\nThis should be 「は」 not 「が」.\n\n * G: 技術 **は** 数学に大きく影響される。\n\nAnd this would be better as 「は」, although depending on the context you could\nalso use 「が」.\n\n * H: 技術 **は** 数学に大きな影響を受ける。\n\nOther than that any of the others would be fine. It is hard to choose which\nthe best one.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-02T08:49:08.380",
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| 34575 | 34576 | 34576 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "I just got told:\n\n> 背高いし運動神経良さそう\n\nApparently 運動神経 means [motor\nnerve](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_nerve): [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/C330Fm.jpg)\n\nWhat does `運動神経が良い` mean in this context? The conversation was about swimming,\nnot something where reflexes are that important I believe.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-02T08:51:45.110",
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"owner_user_id": "107",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"definitions"
],
"title": "Meaning of 運動神経が良い",
"view_count": 244
} | [
{
"body": "In this context it does not have much to do with reflexes or nerves.\n\nIt just means \"good at sports\".\n\nReferences:\n\n * [運動神経が良い 【形】 sportistic](http://eow.alc.co.jp/search?q=%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E7%A5%9E%E7%B5%8C%E3%81%8C%E8%89%AF%E3%81%84)\n * [運動神経: スポーツや技能などを巧みにこなす能力](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/21629/meaning/m0u/)",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-02T09:08:37.567",
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{
"body": "I believe it's also a common way to express \"gifted at sport(nerve)\". Since\nit's mainly talking about physical capacity as talent.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-12-14T22:31:28.490",
"id": "55182",
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{
"body": "> A motor nerve is a nerve that carries command information out of the central\n> nervous system (CNS) and toward effectors (muscles or glands) that will\n> execute the commands.\n\nEven if we take this definition literally, I think the expression ”運動神経が良い” is\nnot too off. If we take motor nerve is good as transmitting information\nefficiently from CNS to muscles efficiently, I think it applies to real\nmovement in sports.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2017-12-14T22:49:39.280",
"id": "55183",
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{
"body": "> 運動神経 = motor nerves, reflexes\n>\n> 運動神経がいい = motor nerves, reflexes are good\n\nSpeaking of physical abilities, if your motor abilities or reflexes are good,\nchances are that you're the athletic type. It does take a good amount of\nreflex and reaction whenever playing a sport, especially for competition's\nsake.",
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"creation_date": "2017-12-15T01:28:00.667",
"id": "55186",
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}
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| 34577 | null | 34579 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34582",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "My original sentence was:\n\n> [Name]さんは仕事でよく忙しいんですか？\n\nI was told by a native that it sounds strange. She replaced よく with いつも:\n\n> [Name]さんは仕事でいつも忙しいんですか？\n\nI always thought both were used for \"often\" frequency.\n\nWhy does my sentence sound strange? Her explanation was long and in more\ncomplex Japanese than my current level so I didn't quite get it.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-02T09:19:38.567",
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"owner_user_id": "14624",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"nuances",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "Different nuance between よく and いつも",
"view_count": 385
} | [
{
"body": "Your sentence:\n\n> 「[Name]さんは[仕事]{しごと}で **よく** [忙]{いそが}しいんですか？」\n\nis strange because 「よく」 is most naturally used to modify **_verbs_** , and not\n**_adjectives_** like 「忙しい」.\n\nThus, 「よく忙しい」 sounds just very strange to the Japanese ears as our ears are\nnot used to hearing such word combinations. In other words, if you literally\ntranslated the English sentence \"~~ is often busy.\" into Japanese, it would\nnot work.\n\n「いつも忙しい」, however, sounds just fine because unlike 「よく」, 「いつも」 modifies both\nadjectives and verbs with equal ease.\n\nSo, if you want to use 「よく」 to say how busy a person is, you must use a verb\nsomewhere as in:\n\n「～～さんは仕事で **よく** [出張]{しゅっちょう}します。」 = \"~~ often takes business trips.\"\n\n「～～さんは仕事が忙しく、 **よく** [深夜]{しんや}に[帰宅]{きたく}します。」 = \"~~ often returns home late at\nnight as he is busy with his work.\"",
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"creation_date": "2016-06-02T10:23:24.853",
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"body": "`よく` is a derogatory term, often uses to what you don't want to happen, like:\n\n```\n\n 台風がよくきますね\n \n```",
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"creation_date": "2016-06-02T10:23:28.613",
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| 34580 | 34582 | 34582 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "35877",
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"body": "Is there any difference to how and when 類似 and ような are used? For example:\n\n英国で同じようなことです。\n\n英国で類似のことです。\n\nThanks.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-02T12:48:12.623",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34584",
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"owner_user_id": "14252",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"na-adjectives"
],
"title": "Differences between 類似 and ような",
"view_count": 364
} | [
{
"body": "Really hard to explain without the context of those sentences.\n\n> 英国で同じようなことです。\n>\n> 英国で類似のことです。\n\nThere really is no difference between these and you would be fine to use\neither on them.\n\nI will attempt to explain the differences. Both pretty much do the same thing\nin a lot of circumstances. They are both used to describe a resemblance or\nsimilarity between something eg,\n\n> これの類似品{るいじひん}が出回{でまわ}っている\n>\n> これと同{おな}じような品物{しなもの}が出回{でまわ}っている\n\nBoth these are saying this:\n\n> There are **similar** goods to this on the market\n\nIn these cases what you are doing is comparing two items with one another.\nFinding a common point or similarity and can be interchanged in many\nsituations and still keep the same meaning or desired effect.\n\nHowever 「ような」has another use as well which separates it from 「類似{るいじ}」.\n\n「ような」 Can be used to describe something.\n\n> **山{やま}のような** 津波{つなみ}\n>\n> A **huge** tsunami wave\n>\n> You could also say, \"A **mountain like** tsunami\" using the mountain to\n> reference its size.\n\nOr\n\n> **化{ば}け物{もの}のような** でかい人{ひと}\n>\n> A **huge beast** of a person.\n\nThese examples don't show similarities so to speak as in comparing two items,\nmore so they are describing something by using an image of another object or\nfeature.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-03T06:26:33.103",
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"body": "I explain grammatically the difference between them. ような is an verbal\nauxiliary which indicate metaphor. 類似 is a noun which means similarity and\n類似する is a verb of it.\n\n同じような is attributive form of na-adjevtive \"同じだ\" + ような, it means similar. I\nthink their meaning is same but 類似 isn't colloquial and 同じような is more common\nthan 類似する.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-03T07:28:13.970",
"id": "34611",
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"body": "ような is more colloquial than 類似. E.g. 類似 would be very rarely used in a\nconversation. Conversely, 類似 is preferred when something should sound\nofficial, e.g. `以下に類似する行為一切を禁止する`. If you say `以下のような行為一切を禁止する` it sounds\nslightly odd because 一切 is very formal while ような isn't.\n\nYou can also use 類似 to create nouns like 類似品、類似行為、類似物 but you can't do that\nwith ような.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-12T12:44:04.590",
"id": "35866",
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"body": "Although \"同じような\" and \"類似の\" look like saying the same thing, there is a clear\ndifference of the nuance.\n\n“同じ” means “exactly same and identical.” \"同じ\" and ”同じような” are different. The\nlatter means “something that looks like the same.”\n\n“類似” means “similar to” or “resemble each other.” Thus “類似のこと” means\n“something similar to the other(s).” or “a thing resembling sth.”\n\nBy degree, “同じ – the same” is 100% identical, “ほぼ同じ” would mean, say 80 -90 %\nidentical. “類似 – similar” is, say, 70 – 90 in common, though judgemental.\n\nIn addition, \"類似\" sounds formal and bookish as compared with \"同じような\" and \"似た.\"",
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| 34584 | 35877 | 35866 |
{
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"body": "It is very hard to parse the following sentence as I don't know about との\ngrammar. What does との mean and how to parse the following sentence?\n\n> 自治会から、留学生数人 **との** 交流会がある **との** 連絡を受け、行ってみた。",
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"creation_date": "2016-06-02T13:11:20.370",
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"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What does との mean in this sentence?",
"view_count": 11270
} | [
{
"body": "との combines the functions of the particles と and の. In your example, the first\nと is different from the second と. But in both cases, の is used to modify the\nfollowing noun.\n\nHere, と means \"with\".\n\n留学生数人と = with some exchange students\n\n留学生数人との交流会 = a meeting/gathering with some exchange students\n\nThe second と is the quoting particle. It indicates the contents of the 連絡.\n\n留学生数人との交流会があるとの連絡 = a message saying that \"留学生数人との交流会がある\"\n\nSo putting everything together, we have:\n\n自治会から、留学生数人との交流会があるとの連絡を受け = I received a message from the neighborhood\ncouncil saying that there would be a meeting/gathering with some exchange\nstudents\n\n行ってみた = so I went to check it out.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-02T13:38:27.727",
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"body": "The usages of the first 「（留学生)との」 and the second 「（交流会がある）との」are quite\ndifferent.\n\nThe first 「との」 means “with / together / jointly with” as in ”財界との関係 -\nrelationship with the financial world,” “オバマ大統領との共同会見 – a joint interview with\nPresident Obama,” and the second 「との」means “telling sth, to the effect” as in\n“共同して問題の早期解決を図るとのメッセージ - a message telling (both parties) jointly try to solve\nthe problem.” You need to judge the distinction based on the context of the\nmessage.\n\nIf you pick up 「との」only by sound, you cannot tell which of the usages of 「との」\nfits “together” or “to the effect,” and also whether it’s 殿、都の、戸の, all of\nwhich sound the same.",
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"creation_date": "2016-06-03T23:13:18.480",
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| 34585 | 34586 | 34586 |
{
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"body": "I'm currently learning some vocab through wanikani, and they have these two\nwords 仕草 and 作用 both meaning \"action\", but no nuance is explained, and when\nchecking on jishou for a more proper word for action that could fit\neverywhere, and found three more to add to the list. So could anyone shed some\nlight on the different usages of these words please ?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-02T16:03:45.720",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"words"
],
"title": "Action : differences between 行動, 活動, 動作, 作用 and 仕草",
"view_count": 1010
} | [
{
"body": "活動 is a habitual activity, eg hobby, routine, club activities, or even\nlimited-time sustained effort (eg 就職活動 = job hunt)\n\n行動 is a more generic one-shot behavior or action\n\n仕草 is more about the way you carry yourself, mannerisms, motions, etc.\n\n作用 ~ not much experience with this one, but I believe it is a process, eg a\nscientific or biological process.",
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| 34587 | null | 34588 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34590",
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"body": "山に登るのは大変そうだから、本当は行きたくなかった。 \n_Climbing mountain seems difficult so truthfully, i didn't want to go..._\n\nThe second sentence is the one i need help with... I wasn't sure if i get it\nright... \nでも ロープウェイを 使って登れば、大丈夫だと聞いて、行くことにした。\n\nRough literal translation that I grasp: _But,if using ropeway to climb, i\nheard it is okay,then i decided to go._\n\nSo I somewhat understand it as: _\"But i heard that it's okay to use ropeway to\ngo up so i decided to go in the end._\n\nI don't quite understand 大丈夫だと聞いて part. I think the と is the quotative one so\nit might means **\"It's okay\" i heard** . But if that's the case, why V-て\ninstead of V-た... Like what we do with と 言った.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-02T17:46:43.493",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"て-form",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "と聞いて in this sentence",
"view_count": 304
} | [
{
"body": "You are right that と is quotative. The verb is 聞いて instead of 聞いた because the\nて-form here is being used to chain a sequence of events together: the speaker\nhears that it is okay to climb using the ropeway, and then decides to go.\nUsing 聞いた instead would be ungrammatical, since it is not the final verb in\nthe clause.\n\nThe same thing _could_ happen with 言う. For example:\n\n> 彼は「さよなら」と言って出た。- He said \"goodbye\" and left.\n\nSince it's followed by another action, 出る, the verb いう must be in its て-form.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-02T18:14:12.697",
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"body": "To add to that answer, I just wanted to point out a few key points:\n\n 1. In the first sentence, it is not \"i **don't** want to go,\" but \"I **didn't** want to go.\" Don't miss the past tense in 行きたくな **かった**\n\n 2. So now look at the second sentence and it also ends in past tense (行くことに **した** ), so the resulting meaning is not \"so I **decided to go** in the end,\" but \"so I **went** in the end.\"\n\n**Note** : _see comments, \"decided to go\" turns out to be correct in context._\n\n 3. Also wanted to point out that ロープウェイ (you misspelled it) refers to what we would call a gondola (or similar term) in English. Specifically, this refers to the larger gondolas, whereas small 6-8 person gondolas can be called ゴンドラ.\n\nFor a better idea of what ロープウェイ refers to, here is a google image search: \n[Google Images:\nロープウェイ](https://www.google.com/search?q=%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4&biw=1262&bih=693&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjYv5eI_YnNAhVCOj4KHQIjALIQ_AUIBigB)\n\nI point this out so that the translation becomes more easy to understand. If\nyou use the \"ropeway\" then you will be riding up most of the mountain, you may\ndo a little hiking to get to the ropeway entrance and a bit of hiking to the\npeak after you get off the ropeway. Another common option is to ride up and\nhike down.\n\n 4. Final point. While the literal translation of 山登り is \"mountain climbing\" in English, you should keep in mind that what most Japanese people mean when they say 山登り is what we would call \"hiking\" in English. This is because the mountains in Japan are not very tall. Even Mt. Fuji, the tallest mountain in Japan, does not require oxygen to reach the top, you do not need any special climbing equipment, and you do not need to use your hands and feet to \"climb\" up the side of the mountain. I've had a lot of personal experience doing 山登り all across Japan (including Fuji), and it is always a bit difficult to talk to my friends and family in the US about it because I start out by saying that I did a lot of \"mountain climbing\" in Japan, which gives them the idea that I am an experienced rock climber, which is (unfortunately) not the case. \n\nYou may not need to change your translation of 山登る, as long as you (and your\ntarget audience) understand what the intended meaning is.\n\nHope that helps!",
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| 34589 | 34590 | 34590 |
{
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"body": "A. 彼は大学生ですよ \nB. 彼は大学生なんだよ \nWhat difference that なんだ makes in this sentence?\n\nFor A, I understand it well as \"He is a college student!\" \nFor B, eventhough i have read much article written about なんだ... I still cannot\nunderstand it.\n\nI notice that there are な+んだ or 何だ. \nI feel that it was the な のだ, but i still wasn't sure as to how it changes the\nmeaning of sentence.",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-02T18:27:32.477",
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "What additional meaning that なんだ add to the sentence",
"view_count": 252
} | [
{
"body": "In this case, なんだ is used for emphasis. For example, you can use it if you are\nanswering someone's question and you are confident in your answer. Let's say\nfor example that someone asked you if so-and-so is a student, and the\nquestioner isn't certain (doubting) that they are a student, you can say はい,\nせいとなんだ. (Yes, he/she **is in fact** a student)",
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"creation_date": "2016-06-08T05:20:31.997",
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| 34591 | null | 35756 |
{
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"body": "The context: Maruko and her mum prepared food and bath salts as a new year's\ngift for Maruko's grandad (ともぞう) and grandma. But dad (ヒロシ) has just eaten all\nthe food. Maruko protests and dad says:\n\n> 「いいんじゃよ。まる子、わしのことなんて気にしなくても...」 \n> Dad: \"It's alright. Even if Maruko doesn't give a damn about me...\" \n> 「そうじゃよ、わたしらは気持ちだけで充分じゃ...」 \n> Grandad: \"That's right. For us it's the thought that counts. \n> ともぞうとおばあちゃんの声は小さく暗かったが、ヒロシは頓着しない。 \n> Narrator: Tomozou and grandma's voice was small and gloomy but Hiroshi\n> didn't care. \n> 「ほら、ふたりとも気持ちだけで充分だってさ。ハハハッ。さてと風呂でも入ってくるか」\n\nI have several confusions: \n1) Is dad claiming that Maruko doesn't care about him, or is he just talking\nto Maruko and the subject is an implied \"anybody\" i.e. \"Maruko, even if nobody\ngives a damn about me...\"\n\n2) Does 気持ちだけで充分だ express the meaning \"It's the thought that counts\"?\n\nMy main problem (I think) is the last line. ふたりとも気持ちだけで充分だっ **て**\nさ。さてと風呂でも入ってくるか.\n\n3a) I'm going to claim that the って in bold is the casual quote marker and\nthere is an implied 言った, so I get \"Look! You both said it's the thought that\ncounts right?\". Is this correct?\n\n3b) I have no idea what さてと means.\n\n3c) I know 風呂に入る means \"to take a bath\" but I don't understand what question\nhe is asking here. The best I can do is \"Will you start to take even a bath\",\nwhich is nonsense. My guess is that it should be \"Does that (it's the thought\nthat counts) even apply to taking a bath\", but I really can't see how that\nwould work.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-02T19:35:46.403",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"reading-comprehension"
],
"title": "Meaning of さてと and general comprehension",
"view_count": 1567
} | [
{
"body": "According to this\n[さてと](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1413577659)\nmeans:\n\n> 「さて」は何かをしようとするときに言う語です。\n\nSomething that you say when you are trying to begin/start something.\n\n== As for the understanding questions: ==\n\n1) わしのこと気にしなくても ＝ 私のことを気にしなくても（いいです） --> \"Don't (you) worry about me\"\n\n2) Yeah, I'd agree with that\n\n3a) I think you're on the right track, the って refers to them talking about not\nhaving to worry about them and that it's the thought (that you cared) counts.\n\n3b) Above!\n\n3c) He's kind of using it as way to end the topic, \"So I think I'll take a\nbath then!\" or \"Why don't we go and take a bath then!\" <-- I'm not sure\nexactly of the context. The か here represents a rhetorical question that he is\nasking himself not an actual question.",
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"creation_date": "2016-06-02T21:54:41.080",
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"body": "I’m quite ignorant of the contents of the story you are introducing. But\n「いいんじゃよ。まる子、わしのことなんて気にしなくても」must be the granddad’s remark. Today’s fathers\ndon’t call themselves in such an oldish way of “わし.” It's the word of 儂ら, our\ncontemporary who are octgenerarians.\n\nTo your question:\n\n 1. The granddad is saying to Maruko “YOU don’t need to care (too much) about us.”\n\n 2. 気持ちだけで充分だ means “We appreciate your thoughtfulness. We can’t be happier.\n\n3.「さてと」 in さてと風呂でも入ってくるか means “Well, by the way”.\n\nFor instance；\n\nQ.去年の今ごろあなたは何をしていましたか？- What were you doing around this time last year?\n\nA. さてと、ああ、フランス旅行をしていました - Well. (Let me think about). Ah, I was traveling in\nFrance.\n\n3ｃ.風呂でも入ってくるか isn’t an interrogative form. 「か」of 「風呂でも入ってくるか」 is a particle to\nexpress a light feeling of choice or self-affirmation of doing something, for\ninstances;\n\n暇なので散髪にでも行ってくる **か** – I’m at leisure. Well, I'd be better to go to have my\nhair cut.\n\nたまには本でも読んでみる **か** – (I haven’t read books for a while) .Well, let’s read a\nbook sometimes.\n\nさて、このくらいで止めておこう **か** - Well. It’ll be better to stop around here.",
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| 34593 | 34597 | 34597 |
{
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"body": "My question is about understanding the two relative clauses in the below.\n\n「良い顔になってきたねぇ。 **あたしの大好きなお顔、半泣きで頑張る健気なキミの顔** 。ふふ、ぱくって食べちゃいたいくらい」\n\nI always get confused with the way relative clauses etc are used in Japanese\nnarration or even just in conversations.\n\nTake for example, the above two noun phrases\n\n**あたしの大好きなお顔**\n\n**半泣きで頑張る健気なキミの顔**\n\nThese are both said in the same sentence (ok it's not strictly a sentence but\nbear with me) and to a learner it feels rather weird, as to what is actually\ntrying to be conveyed in the sentence. Can anyone help with what is being\nexpressed (and why it is phrased like that). I know what the words mean, but\nthe noun phrases as a stand alone just sound very strange and don't really\nprovide me with anything but a description of his face, and what she feels\nabout that face (in a very strange way to read for a non-native). Is there\nanything that I am missing, or anyone can clear up to help me understand?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"score": 1,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "Help understanding Noun Phrases/Relative Clauses",
"view_count": 141
} | [
{
"body": "The example that you provided is not a standard form. It is more like a\nliterary expression. Such expressions would not be used in news articles, but\nbe used in literature.\n\n**Point-1** : Briefly to say, such an expression gives a _dramatic\nimpression_. Grammatically, it would be categorized as 「体言止め」.\n\ncf. <http://kakikata.dkrht.com/kaizen/kaizen00500.html>\n\nAs you mentioned, 「あたしの大好きなお顔、半泣きで頑張る健気なキミの顔」 is describing about a face (I\nguess it's a baby's face). We can change it to a normal form, like:\n「良い顔になってきたね。その顔は、私の大好きな顔だ。君の顔は、半泣きで頑張っている健気な顔だ。」 The meaning doesn't change,\nbut the dramatic impression has been reduced, I feel.\n\nPerhaps the concept is close to exclamations in English. e.g. \"Your face is\nbeautiful\" v.s. \"What a beautiful face you have!\"\n\n**Point-2** : Another point in your example is 「韻」. Repeating the same\nterminal word (xxx顔, yyy顔) gives a rhythmic and/or a poetic feeling. Related\nphrase is 「韻を踏む」. Such a style is used in rapping music which is recently\npopular in Japan, but was used in traditional Japanese poetry.\n\ncf. 詩-Wikipedia: <https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%A9>",
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| 34594 | 34599 | 34599 |
{
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"body": "I am reading a passage, the first line is as follows.\n\n> 自治会から、留学生数人との交流会があるとの連絡を受け、行ってみた。\n>\n> _I got a message from student association that there would be a gathering\n> with some exchange students and I went to check it out._\n\nWhat I don't understand is the purpose of と in the second line as follows. I\ndon't think と in this case is to construct a conditional phrase.\n\n> 自己紹介が終わると、司会役が「日本に来て、驚いたことは」と質問した。\n>\n> _Having self-introduced, the moderator asked, \"What stroked you when you\n> arrived in Japan?\"._\n\nWhy did the author use 「自己紹介が終わると、」 rather than 「自己紹介が終わって、」?",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-02T20:04:00.870",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34595",
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"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "What is the purpose of と in this sentence?",
"view_count": 118
} | [
{
"body": "「と」has two (or possibly more) different usages.\n\n「と」in「交流会があるとの連絡」mean “that” or “to the effect” as you rightly interpreted. It\nexplains the contents of antecedent as in:\n\n増税時期を延期するとの総理の発表 - the Prime Minister’s announcement to postpone the timing of\ntax raise.\n\n彼が結婚するとのうわさ – the rumor that he is going to marry.\n\n昨日ニューヨークについたとの電話 – the phone (telling me) that he arrived in New York\nyesterday.\n\n「と」in「自己紹介が終わると」is a conjugation to mean “after, when” as in:\n\n試験を終えるとほっとした – Now that I finished the exam, I’m fully relaxed.\n\nその話を聞くとぞっとする – When (as) I hear that story, I get shivers.\n\n窓を開けると富士山が見えた – When I opened the window, there was the Mt. Fuji right there.\n\n「自己紹介が終わると」and「自己紹介が終わって」are saying the same thing.",
"comment_count": 5,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-02T21:02:39.603",
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| 34595 | 34596 | 34596 |
{
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"body": "I've seen some sentences end with particles like _が_ and _で_. The most common\nparticle that I see is _に_. For example, if someone asked:\n\n> どこにいる？ → Where are you?\n\nI could reply,\n\n> 友達{ともだち}の家{いえ}に → (I'm at) my friend's house.\n\nI'm still lost on the particles _で_ , and _が_. Help would really be\nappreciated if someone could explain how those two particles are used at the\nend of a sentence.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-03T01:31:02.583",
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"score": 4,
"tags": [
"particles",
"particle-が",
"particle-で"
],
"title": "Particle at the end of a sentence",
"view_count": 502
} | [
{
"body": "This is essentially an omission of a word, in this case being the verb\nfollowing the particle. This is common in speech as answers to questions, and\noften involves omission of the main verb of a sentence.\n\n> どこにいる？\n>\n> 友達の家に（いる。）\n\n* * *\n\n> 誰が勝ったか？\n>\n> 俺が（勝った。）\n\n* * *\n\n> 何語で話しかけられた？\n>\n> 英語で（話しかけられた。）\n\nIt is also common, in speech, to add a similar clause _after_ the verb has\nbeen spoken. This can be done for clarification. This pattern does not require\nthe sentence to be an answer to a question and can just be added by the\nspeaker in anticipation of the listener not getting the full picture.\n\n> A: 登録しました。\n>\n> B: （何を？）\n>\n> A: 名前を\n>\n> B: （どこに？）\n>\n> A: データベースに\n>\n> B: （何で？）\n>\n> A: SQLクエリーで",
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"creation_date": "2016-06-03T02:09:16.837",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 34600 | null | 34601 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34614",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I came across the following sentence in volume 12 of the manga たいようのいえ and was\nunsure how to interpret the expression at the end. Could someone please\nexplain how the \"だなんて\" changes the meaning or tone?\n\n> 私・・・こんなに大切なものを奪{うば}ってしまっていただなんて・・！\n>\n> I...I stole such an important thing!\n\nContext: The speaker previously took credit for something she didn't do and is\nnow regretting it.\n\nAlso, while I'm at it, could someone please **describe the function of こんなに**?\nDoes it function as an adjective and modify もの, adverbially and describe the\nmanner in which she stole, or is it more of an interjection (or none of the\nabove)?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-03T03:10:56.697",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34602",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 7,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "How should one interpret ～ていた + だなんて",
"view_count": 267
} | [
{
"body": "> 「Mini-Sentence + （だ） + なんて」\n\nis a common and informal way of saying:\n\n> \"I never thought that ~~~~!\"\n\n_**This structure is used to express one's sense of shock, surprise or\nsuspicion about something.**_ Please never use it in formal speech. I will say\n'please' one more time.\n\n> 「[私]{わたし}・・・こんなに[大切]{たいせつ}なものを[奪]{うば}ってしまっていただなんて・・！」\n\nMy own TL of that would be:\n\n> \"I never realized what an important thing I had robbed (someone) of!\" or\n>\n> \"I never thought I had robbed (someone) of such an important thing!\"\n\n「こんな **に** 」 adverbially modifies 「大切な」, and it does not modify 「もの」. The key\nword is 「に」 here. 「～～に」 functions adverbially.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-03T09:15:12.347",
"id": "34614",
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]
| 34602 | 34614 | 34614 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34613",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "Saw this on the first page of きつねのはなし by 森見登美彦, searched online but only saw\nthis book as reference. Wondering how exactly would you read it...Thanks a\nlot.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-03T03:14:15.940",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34603",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"pronunciation"
],
"title": "how to pronounce 常暗い?",
"view_count": 863
} | [
{
"body": "Though 薄暗い is an everyday word and 常闇 is an established word, there is no word\nthat reads 常暗い, at least as a common word in Japanese language. Neither 広辞苑\nnor 大辞林 at hand carries 常暗 as a noun as well as 常暗い as an adjective.\n\nIf you found it, it must be a coinage of the author or weird resurrection of a\nlong-ago dead word at best.\n\nIn my lifespun of 83 years living in Japan, I've never heard that word. I'm\nsure of that nobody would blame you and me for not knowing how to read it,\nwhat it means, and whether it really exists as a lgitimate word on the earth.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-03T07:31:45.440",
"id": "34612",
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{
"body": "広辞苑 states:\n\n> 「つね【常】①かわらないこと。永久不変。（ **副詞的にも用いる** ）」\n\nSo I would read it as 「つね くらい ちくりんが あり・・・」",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-03T08:17:36.287",
"id": "34613",
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"score": 5
},
{
"body": "常暗い【つね くらい】 means \"always dark\"",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-03T10:04:51.273",
"id": "34619",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-03T10:04:51.273",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "I have never seen this word and it seems to be an occasional or creative word\nusage by the writer. I'd read とこぐらい or とこくらい that would mean \"ever-shady\".\n\n>\n> **[とこ](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/158494/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%A8%E3%81%93/)【常】**\n>\n> ［語素］名詞・形容詞などに付いて、いつも変わらない、永久不変の、などの意を表す。「―夏」「―世」「―めずらし」 \n> _(morpheme) mainly attached to nouns or adjectives to indicate \"unchanging\"\n> or \"permanent\"._\n\nFor reference, the 新潮文庫 edition of きつねのはなし doesn't have furigana on this word,\nwhich suggests it neither has peculiar reading nor is compound ateji. Most\nprobably is either of ジョウ, つね, とこ listed in\n[常用漢字表](http://kokugo.bunka.go.jp/kokugo_nihongo/joho/kijun/naikaku/pdf/joyokanjihyo_20101130.pdf).",
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"creation_date": "2016-06-08T10:21:03.997",
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]
| 34603 | 34613 | 34613 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34625",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "Here is the sentence said by Kansai speaker who was capturing 2 boys who were\nchasing another guy.\n\n**まちいな** あんさんたち。\n\nI think the word would mean 待つ with particle な emphasizing the emotion but I\nwould like to know what the exact Japanese standard dialect form of the word\nreally is.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-03T03:36:56.743",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34604",
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"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"words",
"dialects",
"manga"
],
"title": "What is the meaning of 「まちいな」?",
"view_count": 423
} | [
{
"body": "Pretty simple transformation into standard Japanese; you were on the right\ntrack:\n\n> 待ちなさい、あなたたち。",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-03T03:48:50.080",
"id": "34605",
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{
"body": "Just to add to Brandon's answer, 「あんさんたち」is rarely used by the younger\ngeneration these days. In my line of work I hear it every now and again, but\nonly ever said by the older generation.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-03T04:19:12.793",
"id": "34606",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-03T04:19:12.793",
"last_edit_date": null,
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},
{
"body": "In some dialects spoken in the western part of Japan, you can elongate the\nlast vowel of the masu-stem to make an imperative form:\n\n> * 歩きい。 (dialect) ＝ 歩け。 Walk.\n> * 見い。 (dialect) ＝ 見ろ。 Watch.\n> * **[待ちい]{LHL}。** (dialect) ＝ [待て]{HL}。 Wait.\n> * [食べえ]{LHL}。 (dialect) ＝ [食べろ]{LHL}。 Eat.\n>\n\n(From my personal experience, I feel this is mainly used in Chugoku/Shikoku\nregion, but I may be wrong. See\n[西日本方言#文法](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80#.E6.96.87.E6.B3.95))\n\nYou can attach various sentence-end particles like な, や, or よ, as usual.\n\n(Attaching な to this kind of imperative may be specific to Osaka dialect. I\nfound this article:\n[「大阪方言の命令形」に後接する終助詞ヤ・ナ](http://ir.library.osaka-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/11094/4642/1/21-05.pdf)\n(PDF))\n\n> * すぐ来【き】いや。 (dialect) ＝ すぐ来【こ】いよ。 Come at once.\n> * はよう寝えよ。 (dialect) ＝ はやく寝ろよ。 Go to bed now.\n> * **[待ちいな]{LHLL}。** (dialect) ＝ [待てよ]{HLL}。 Wait.\n>\n\nNote that you can use な to form _positive_ imperative in _standard_ Japanese,\ntoo. But the last vowel of the masu-form is not elongated in the standard\nJapanese. Also see the difference in accents.\n\n[Using な in positive instead of negative imperative (e.g.\n行きな)](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/2707/)\n\n> * [待ちな]{LHH}。 ＝ [待て]{HL}。\n> * [食べな]{LHH}。 ＝ [食べろ]{LHL}。\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-03T23:29:32.237",
"id": "34625",
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}
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| 34604 | 34625 | 34625 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34610",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "How might you express a rude, begrudging permission in Japanese? I realize\nthis is something you'd never encounter in practice or in public, but I'm\nwriting a fictional story about some rather rude people so it's useful to\nknow.\n\nSentences I have in mind here:\n\n\"If you must stay, stay in this room.\"\n\n\"If you must drink, drink my water.\"\n\n\"If you must come with us, help us carry.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-03T05:27:01.443",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34608",
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"owner_user_id": "13954",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"conditionals"
],
"title": "\"Begrudging Conditional\"",
"view_count": 144
} | [
{
"body": "Well, the below is just your examples.\n\n> \"If you must stay, stay in this room.\"\n>\n> 居るんなら、ここに居ろ\n>\n> \"If you must drink, drink my water.\"\n>\n> 水を飲むなら、僕の水を飲め\n>\n> \"If you must come with us, help us carry.\"\n>\n> 来るんなら、一緒に運べ\n\nThere are plenty of situations where you need to be forceful. I am not saying\nthat you would use these examples, but there are times when you need to give\norders and it can come across quite harsh.",
"comment_count": 9,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-03T06:54:20.943",
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| 34608 | 34610 | 34610 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34618",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "It is said by a boy who was running away from a danger situation.\n\nIs it an alternated version of the word 「助ける」? Which dialect is it?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-03T09:48:55.460",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34615",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"words",
"manga"
],
"title": "What does the word 「たしけて」mean?",
"view_count": 1341
} | [
{
"body": "in this case, 助けて【たすけて:tasukete】is right. （means \"help me.\"）",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-03T09:57:11.283",
"id": "34617",
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},
{
"body": "I would say that it is only a lisping pronunciation of 「たすけて」 = \"Help!\"\n\nI would not call it dialectal unless this character says other words or\nphrases that are clearly dialectal.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-03T09:58:07.570",
"id": "34618",
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"score": 11
},
{
"body": "I agree with l'électeur, but it might just be a spelling mistake. I and U are\nnext to each other on the keyboard.",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-04T02:56:23.357",
"id": "34631",
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| 34615 | 34618 | 34618 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34626",
"answer_count": 4,
"body": "Context: Grandad was bought food as a gift for looking after Maruko. Maruko\napologises to grandad because dad has just eaten it all. Then Grandad says:\n\n> 「いいんじゃよ、まる子。おじいちゃんは別にただまる子をかわいがっているだけじゃ」 \n> Grandad (I) just cares for Maruko.\n\nI'm familiar with 別に when used in a negative clause to mean \"(not)\nparticularly\". I can't understand what it means in this sentence.\n\nAlso a bit confused about the placement of だけ. If it's at the end doesn't it\nmean that he does nothing but care for Maruko i.e. \"All I do is care for just\n(ただ) Maruko\".\n\nIf it helps, the previous sentence is\n\n> 「おじいちゃん、おばあちゃん、ごめんね」\n\nwhich is said by Maruko.",
"comment_count": 6,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-03T16:03:46.213",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34620",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-04T03:12:05.230",
"last_edit_date": "2016-06-03T18:02:13.150",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "別に in non-negative clause",
"view_count": 931
} | [
{
"body": "I think I was over-complicating my earlier attempts at an answer.\n\n別に does not have to be with an explicit negative.\n\nFor example: 「別にいいけど」 might be roughly \"different from (what you might expect\nI don't have any strong feelings).. but it is okay (I guess)\".\n\nIt's role is to separate and contrast. 別 means \"different\"/\"separate\" after\nall. In particular, 別に often means \"different from what you might be\nexpecting\". It often denotes a level of indifference. (\"maybe you expected me\nto have a strong opinion, but different from your expectation, I actually feel\nmeh about it\"). The following link has a more detailed explanation, and many\nexamples (some with no explicit negative)\n\n<http://www.guidetojapanese.org/blog/2006/09/01/i-was-going-to-make-a-better-\ntitle-but-eh-whatever/>\n\nIn this case, maybe the most straight-forward reading is \"It is okay, Maruko.\n(I don't particularly mind about that), I am simply (happy to) just dote on\nyou.\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-03T17:56:47.527",
"id": "34622",
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{
"body": "> 「いいんじゃよ、まる[子]{こ}。おじいちゃんは[別]{べつ}にただまる子をかわいがっているだけじゃ。」\n\nThere is nothing wrong or unnatural about this as a **_casual spoken line_**.\nYou really should not apply the rigid grammar required for formally written\nJapanese.\n\nThat said, I am actually \"seeing\" **_physically_** the negative element with\nwhich 「別に」 can be used quite naturally. This might surprise you, but I see it\nin 「いいんじゃよ、まる子。」 = \" ** _No problem!_** \" That was said in response to\nsomething Maruko had done or said, correct? Grandad has negated Maruko's\napology, and he now has all the reasons to use 「別に」.\n\n> \"No problem, Maruko! I just adore you for who you are. (It is as simple as\n> that).\"\n\n(A literal TL is difficult as the line is completely colloquial.)\n\nFinally, regarding the use of both 「ただ」 and 「だけ」, it is not uncommon that we\nuse them together in informal speech.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-04T00:36:53.100",
"id": "34626",
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{
"body": "This 別に still implies \"not in particular\", \"nothing special\". By saying 別に,\nbasically おじいちゃん wanted to say that she had no particular reason to feel\nsorry, that there was nothing particularly wrong among them, etc.\n\nI don't want to call this sentence perfectly well-formed, but such a sentence\ncan be heard in speech.\n\nAside from the meaning of \"separately\" which is totally different, you will\nsometimes encounter 別に without explicit negative expressions. Depending on the\ncontext, 別に implies various things, for example, \"it's not a big issue, but\n...\", \"nothing special, but ...\", \"I'm not particularly interested, but ...\",\n\"meh\", \"no problem\", \"don't take it too seriously\", etc.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-04T01:08:02.837",
"id": "34628",
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"body": "I am not going to go into the grammar etc, but will try to explain why and\nwhat it does for statement.\n\n> 「いいんじゃよ、まる子。おじいちゃんは別にただまる子をかわいがっているだけじゃ」\n\nThe 「別に」in this sentence really is not needed, but from the statement from\nMaruko that she was sorry, it seems like the writer put it in to convey or add\nsome more feeling to Maruko that an apology is not necessary. Eg,\n\n> 「別にいいよ」 Loosely translated as [Its Ok, I don't mind]\n\nThis part where 「ただ」is used.\n\n> 「おじいちゃんは **別にただ** まる子を」\n>\n> Could be written like this and serve the same meaning, even without the 「別に」\n>\n> 「おじいちゃんは **ただ** 」\n>\n> Translated, [I (Granddad) **just**....... (Maruko)]\n\nSo with the 「別に」in or out of the sentence the later part of the translation is\nreally much the same.\n\n> I [Granddad] just adore you.\n>\n> 「いいんじゃよ、まる子。おじいちゃんは別にただまる子をかわいがっているだけじゃ」\n>\n> So the overall translation to get the feeling of what Granddad is saying\n> even though the first part basically just says [its OK, Maruko], adding the\n> really inputs the feeling of what the「別に」adds to the sentence.:\n>\n> **Really** , its OK, Maruko. I [Granddad] just adore you.\n\nThe 「別に」just adds that feeling that Granddad **really** doesn't mind in the\nJapanese version and really is quite hard to convey that feeling into a\nliteral English translation.\n\nEDIT, I wrote this a few hours ago, but had a work issue to deal with, even\nwith all the good answers I will post anyway.",
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| 34620 | 34626 | 34626 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34632",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "> ｘやｙなどと続いた後で、ｚという答えがあった。\n\nLiterally it means something like:\n\n> The answers were x, y followed by z.\n\nWhat is the better translation for this?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-04T02:35:36.540",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"meaning"
],
"title": "What is the proper translation for と続いた後で?",
"view_count": 126
} | [
{
"body": "As far as the nuance goes, it is like saying:\n\n> \"After a (long) run/series of answers such as X and Y, there came Answer Z.\"\n\n「～～と[続]{つづ}いた」 implies that it took a pretty long time for all the answers to\nbe presented.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-04T02:57:37.953",
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"body": "The answers x and y were followed by the answer z.\n\nIt can be used like this as well.\n\n> ジョギングやジムの続いた後で、スイミングをしました\n>\n> After going for a a jog and to the gym, I went swimming.\n\nIn the above case, it implies that even though I did all of those exercises I\nstill went swimming.",
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| 34630 | 34632 | 34632 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34637",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "In my understanding, 達{たち} is a suffix used to pluralize a countable noun. For\nexample,\n\n * 私 (single) becomes 私たち (plural)\n * あなた (single) becomes あなたたち (plural)\n\nAccording to most dictionaries, 子供 can be translated as either child or\nchildren. As a result, if we want to say children (instead of child), I think\n子供 should be enough. In other words, is it true that for saying \"children\", たち\nin 子供たち is redundant?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-04T03:28:58.997",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"words",
"suffixes",
"plurals",
"plural-suffixes"
],
"title": "Is たち in 子供たち redundant?",
"view_count": 263
} | [
{
"body": "No. I suppose it's a bit like `you guys`. It serves to make it clear there are\nmultiple children.",
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"creation_date": "2016-06-04T03:43:27.487",
"id": "34635",
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"body": "It is explicit, to state that there are several children.",
"comment_count": 8,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-04T03:45:58.807",
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"body": "Japanese language doesn't have plural form of noun like English. So we can't\nknow how many children are playing in the park in this sentence\n\"子供が公園で遊んでいます\".\n\nIf you want to say \"A child is playing in the park\", you say\n\"一人の子供が公園で遊んでいます。\"\n\nIf you want to say \"Children are playing in the park\", you say\n\"子供たちが公園で遊んでいます。\".",
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| 34634 | 34637 | 34635 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34640",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "There is a dialogue as follows,\n\n> A: 日本に来て、驚いたことは何ですか。What struck you when you arrived in Japan?\n>\n> B: ゴミが落ちていない。The trash is not falling down.\n\nI am confused in translating ゴミが落ちていない。. My attempt is \"The trash is not\nfalling down\" but it seems to be \"funny\" or \"weird\".\n\nWhat is the correct translation?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-04T09:50:02.580",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning",
"aspect"
],
"title": "What does ゴミが落ちていない mean when replying the question 日本に来て、驚いたことは何ですか?",
"view_count": 202
} | [
{
"body": "ゴミが落ちている here does not mean \"trash is falling\" (continuous action) but it\nrefers to the state after the trash has fallen to the ground.\n\nSee: [When is Vている the continuation of action and when is it the continuation\nof state?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/3122/5010)\n\nAs you know, 落ちる is usually an instant action. So ゴミが落ちていない essentially means\nthe town is clean. Depending on the context, 落ちている may refer to a progressive\naction (e.g., \"the airplane is now falling\"), but that should be far less\ncommon.\n\nAnd there is another problem in this dialog. When you are asked a question\nlike this (\"What is ...?\"), the answer should be in the noun form. The easiest\nway to do it is to nominalize the verb using\n[こと](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/a/1396/5010). B's answer should have\nbeen:\n\n> B: ゴミが落ちていない **ことです** 。",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-04T10:12:28.640",
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"body": "**_State vs. Action in Progress_**\n\nIf a Japanese-speaker said:\n\n> 「Aさんは[結婚]{けっこん}して **います** / **いる** 。」,\n\nthat would mean \"A is married.\" It does **_not_** mean \"A is in the middle of\ngetting married.\" or \"A is in the middle of his/her wedding.\"\n\nPerson A got married (some time) ago and **_s/he is still married_**. That is\nthe meaning of the sentence. It is a statement of a state/situation, and not\nof an on-going action.\n\nThe same goes for:\n\n> 「ゴミが[落]{お}ちていない。」\n\nThis sentence is about a state, and not about an action in progress. It only\ntakes a fraction of a second for trash to fall from your hand, for instance,\nto the ground. A sentence describing that action/phenomenon would be pretty\nuseless unless one was discussing physics or something.\n\nIn the context of a foreigner's first impression of Japan, what is important\nand what actually matters is whether the streets are clean or full of litter.\n\nゴミが落ちる ⇒ No one does anything about it ⇒ ゴミが **落ちている**\n\nゴミが落ちる ⇒ Someone sweeps the street or no one litters in the first place ⇒ ゴミが\n**落ちていない**\n\n> 「ゴミが落ちていない。」, threfore, means \"There is no litter (to be found) on the\n> streets.\"\n\nIt is not very practical to use the word \"to fall\" in the TL if the TL is to\nsound natural.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-04T10:22:52.513",
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| 34638 | 34640 | 34639 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34642",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "> 「いつも迷惑かけとるのはわしの方なんじゃから」 \n> Because when it comes to causing trouble, it's usually me. (my TL attempt)\n\nI think I can insert an を to get 迷惑をかける = \"to cause trouble\". I've seen とる=取る\nappended to a few verbs adding a meaning of 'take'. In this case I can't see\nhow 'take' would change the verb in any meaningful way. So, what is the\nfunction/meaning of とる here? How does the meaning change if I omit it?",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-04T11:44:12.737",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"compound-verbs"
],
"title": "Meaning of とる in 迷惑かけとる",
"view_count": 413
} | [
{
"body": "かけとる here is a slurred form of かけておる、 just like 〜ておく slurs to 〜とく sometimes.\n\n〜ておる is 'old-man speech' for 〜ている。 It's also used in Kansai dialect.\n\nThe sentence roughly translates to:\n\n> It's usually me who's causing trouble anyway.",
"comment_count": 3,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-04T12:03:03.840",
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| 34641 | 34642 | 34642 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "35664",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "can someone pls explain the difference and usage of these words? I never saw\nan explanation on how to use them correctly. Right now, all 3 are just \"(some\ntime) ago, previous, before ...\" for me.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-04T12:51:07.183",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 12,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Difference 先 vs さっき vs 前",
"view_count": 3971
} | [
{
"body": "先 can talk about the past _or_ future and has a great many other meanings\nrelated to its fundamental meaning of something a bit like \"fore\", \"head\", or\n\"tip\".\n\nさっき only talks about something in the (very) near past, and is very close to\nさきほど in meaning.\n\n前 can talk about any time period in the past -- near or far.\n\nNot sure if that's enough detail, but looking at examples is the best way to\nlearn the detailed differences (先 is the most difficult to use correctly /\nnaturally with time IMO).",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-05T05:42:10.983",
"id": "35662",
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{
"body": "Just to clarify「先」really is only used for future reference and not for past\nreference. There are examples that will take on that meaning such as,\n\n> 先{さき}の天皇陛下{てんのうへいか}は裕仁様{ひろひとさま}\n>\n> The previous emperor was Emperor Hirohito\n\nBut, just to be clear, it may be worth learning for understanding ,but is\nrarely used in every day life. This is the way it is used 99% of the time.\n\n> 彼{かれ}が先{さき}に出{で}た\n>\n> He left first\n\nIt also has the meaning of \"tip\" as Brandon states\n\n「さっき」Refers to immediate past tense situations,\n\n> さっき彼{かれ}が出{で}た\n>\n> He just left\n\n「前」Can refer to a time further in the past or immediate past.\n\n> 彼{かれ}がちょっと前{まえ}に出{で}た\n>\n> He just left a few moments ago\n\nOr,\n\n> 一年前{いちねんまえ}、彼{かれ}が日本{にほん}に行{い}った\n>\n> He went to Japan a year ago\n\nAnd you can use「前」as the \"front\",\n\n> 教室{きょうしつ}の前{まえ}に座{すわ}ってください\n>\n> Please sit at the front of the room",
"comment_count": 0,
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| 34643 | 35664 | 35664 |
{
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"body": "I'm reading a manga and came across the following lines (in it A is talking to\nsomeone else about a third party C):\n\n> A: バカめが!\n>\n> A: Cにボロカスにされるがいいわ！！\n\nMost dictionaries I've looked at put ボロカス as a sort of harsh criticism/verbal\nattack but given that I'm still not entirely clear as to how it's being used\nin this case.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-04T12:58:06.817",
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"owner_user_id": "14659",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"slang",
"colloquial-language"
],
"title": "Meaning of ボロカスにされる",
"view_count": 268
} | [
{
"body": "Two things:\n\n1) Meaning of 「ボロカスにする」(active voice) and 「ボロカスにされる」(passive voice).\n\n2) Meaning of 「Verb Phrase + がいい」\n\nI shall explain both, but if it still does not fit the context, you will need\nto provide the context.\n\n「ボロカスにする」 means \"to shoot down in flames\" - verbally, that is.\n\n「ボロカスにされる」, thus, naturally means \"to be shot down in flames\".\n\n「Verb Phrase + がいい」 means \"may as well (verb)\", \"had better (verb)\", etc.\n\n> 「Cにボロカスにされるがいいわ！！」\n\ntherefore, means:\n\n> \"You'd better get shot down in flames by C! \"\n\nIn case anyone is wondering, 「ボロ」, all by itself, means \"rags\" and 「カス」,\n\"dregs\".",
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"creation_date": "2016-06-04T13:24:50.957",
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| 34644 | 34645 | 34645 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34652",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I found a sentence\n\n> 医者が「大丈夫ですか」と重ねて尋ねた。\n\nwith translation\n\n> The doctor repeatedly asked \"Is it OK?\".\n\nAs far as I know\n\n * The concatenation of て verb represents several actions which are done one after another. For example, 持って行く means \"bring\" followed by \"go\".\n\n * Changing the last い in い adjective to く makes it an adverb. For example, 早く来てくださいね. \n\n * Or adding に after な adjective to makes it as an adverb. For example, 簡単に説明してください.\n\n# Questions\n\nHow can 重ねて (to repeat) followed by 尋ねた (asked) become \"repeatedly asked\" ? Is\nthere any grammar I am missing here?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-04T14:45:23.013",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "34647",
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"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 11,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"adverbs"
],
"title": "How can verb て become an adverb?",
"view_count": 1579
} | [
{
"body": "> The concatenation of て verb represents several actions which are done one\n> after another. For example, 持って行く means \"bring\" followed by \"go\".\n\nNo, this is not always true. Te-form can combine two verbs like the English\nconjunction \"and\", but it does not necessarily mean the two actions happen one\nafter another. For example, te-form can denote a method. 歩いて学校に行く means \"go to\nschool on foot\" rather than \"walk, and then go to school\". Te-form is also\nused to express two things happening simultaneously. 立って話をする usually means\n\"talk while standing\" rather than \"stand up, and then talk\".\n\n持って行く means \"to have/hold\" and \"to go\" occurring at the same time, hence the\ncombined meaning of \"to bring\". (To be clear, 持つ alone does not mean \"bring\"!)\nIn general, [these subsidiary\nverbs](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/18952/5010) do not represent two\nactions happening one after the other.\n\nNow, the primary meaning of 重ねる is _to pile something up_ , but the verb\nitself can mean _to repeat_. Here's デジタル大辞泉's corresponding definition:\n\n> ２ ある物事に、さらにそれと同類の物事を加える。また、同じことを何度も繰り返す。「悪事を―・ねる」「努力を―・ねる」「年月を―・ねる」\n\nThe meaning of 重ねて尋ねる can be understood along the lines of 歩いて学校に行く and\n立って話をする above. Here, the first verb before て describes how the second verb is\ndone, in which situation the second verb is done, etc. That's why 重ねて尋ねる means\n\"ask in a repetitive manner\" rather than \"repeat, and then ask\".",
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| 34647 | 34652 | 34652 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "34650",
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"body": "> 「入浴剤まで置いてあるたァ、なんだか今日はかあさんの奴、気が利くじゃねぇか。」 \n> Even bath salts have been put out. Somehow, today, mother's (things?) are\n> thoughtful aren't they?\n\nI'm reasonably happy with てある: something has been done by somebody and the\nstate remains. But what is た doing on the end here?\n\nAlso stuck on how to translate 奴. I fear I've got this translation quite\nwrong.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-04T16:15:57.470",
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"owner_user_id": "7944",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Meaning of たァ after verb in dictionary form",
"view_count": 201
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{
"body": "たぁ here is a contraction of とは (an expression of surprise); I think it's Tokyo\ndialect. And (person)の奴 is simply a discourteous or familiar way of referring\nto the person in question. This whole passage is very colloquial.\n\n'Wow, she's even got the bath salts out! Ain't the missus thoughtful today?'\nis my translation.",
"comment_count": 1,
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| 34649 | 34650 | 34650 |
{
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"body": "I've seen 何気なく attached to verbs and used to mean \"unintentionally or\naccidentally\" similar to how 〜てしまう is used.\n\nI was wondering if they had a different nuance.\n\nFor example the sentences:\n\nそのケーキを全部食べてしまった。\n\nand\n\nそのケーキを何気なく全部食べた。\n\nI would both translate as \"I ended up eating the whole cake accidentally.\" But\nis there a difference between them to a Japanese person?",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-04T16:45:54.773",
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"score": 2,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "Are 何気なく and 〜てしまう equivalent? If not, how do they differ?",
"view_count": 175
} | [
{
"body": "The two sentences are different.\n\nケーキを全部食べてしまった does not carry the meaning of \"unintentionally or accidentally\".\nThis sentence is perfectly fine even when the person who ate the cake was\nfully aware that he was doing a bad thing. The sentence just implies the\nresult was not favorable to the speaker anyway.\n\nOn the other hand, 何気なくケーキを食べた implies nothing about the resulting situation.\nIt just says someone ate the cake without thinking deeply, expecting nothing\nin particular.\n\n> * 妹のものだと知っていたのに、ケーキを全部食べてしまった。\n> * 何気なくそのケーキを食べたら、とてもおいしかった。\n>",
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| 34651 | 34653 | 34653 |
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"body": "Why did the author use に in the following sentence?\n\n> 理解しかねて首をかしげる会場の様子 **に** 、司会役が「もう少し具体的に」と重ねてたずねた。\n\nたずねる needs に but for animate objects such as human beings. In the above\nsentence, に is used after 様子 which is an inanimate. Asking to an inanimate\nobject seems to be strange for me.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-04T18:12:18.643",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particle-に"
],
"title": "Why did the author use に in the following sentence?",
"view_count": 287
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{
"body": "This is one of the functions of the particle に; to mark a reason/cause of some\naction. You can translate that part using \"due to\", \"because of\", \"on seeing\",\netc.\n\n[デジタル大辞泉](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/166083/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%AB/) lists\nthis as the seventh meaning of に:\n\n> ７ 動作・作用の原因・理由・きっかけとなるものを示す。…のために。…によって。 **「あまりのうれしさ―泣き出す」** 「退職金をもとで―商売を始める」\n\n[This\npage](http://www.coelang.tufs.ac.jp/mt/ja/gmod/contents/explanation/053.html)\nexplains this usage as the 13th meaning of に:\n\n> １３ 原因・理由を表わすことがあります。 \n> (61) **人の多さに** びっくりしました。\n\nIn your sentence, the chairperson is asking to someone not mentioned in this\nsentence (presumably, to the speaker on the stage). That person could also be\nmarked with に, but is simply omitted here.\n\nRelated questions:\n\n * [Why are these particles used here?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/27806/5010)\n * [Understanding why に particle means \"because\" in this sentence](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/33483/5010)\n\nSome verbs take に so often (like ～にびっくりする and ～にあきれる in the link above) that\nit's perhaps best to just memorize the verb-particle pairs, but that's not the\ncase with your sentence.",
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"body": "I think \"in response to\" makes sense in this case.\n\nKind of like に対して only without the 対して part.",
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| 34655 | 34656 | 34656 |
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"body": "I know how to say \"I've never done verb-phrase\" using verb-phrase ことがない e.g.\nケーキを食べることがない. But how would I say something like\n\n> \"Even though I've wanted to try eating cake, **I've never done it** \"\n\nHere's my attempt:\n\n> ケーキを食べてみたかったのに、 **そんなことがない**",
"comment_count": 6,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-04T19:54:32.100",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
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"title": "How to say \"I've never done it\" without saying what \"it\" is",
"view_count": 1747
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{
"body": "You can use 経験する for \"to experience\", and pair it with the grammar point you\nmentioned:\n\nI have never experienced (that).\n\n（それを）経験したことがありません",
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"creation_date": "2016-06-04T20:12:28.177",
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"body": "If you want to say that without repeating yourself or \"not saying it\" you\ncould say something like this.\n\n> 今まで食{た}べたいと思{おも}っていたが、まだ口{くち}にしたことがない\n>\n> I have always wanted to eat cake, but I never have (eaten it).\n\nThis last bit infers 「経験{けいけん}」 or experience without actually saying the word\n「経験{けいけん}」. ie, 「経験{けいけん}したことがない」\n\n> まだ口{くち}にしたことがない\n>\n> I have never (eaten)...\n\nEg,\n\n> 手{て}にしたことがない\n>\n> This carries the meaning of never getting something.",
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| 34657 | 35659 | 34658 |
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"body": "Is \"sou ka na\" roughly equal to \"so ka\" being \"is that so?\" and the difference\nis that \"sou ka na\" conveys more emotions?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-05T05:15:35.547",
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"tags": [
"word-choice",
"expressions"
],
"title": "sou ka na and sou ka",
"view_count": 9228
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{
"body": "Not in the slightest. When you say そうか 'sou ka', you are saying something like\n'I see' or 'Is that so?' You have understood what the other party is saying.\nWhen you say そうかな, you say something like 'I doubt that' or 'Really?' You are\ncasting doubt on the other party's claims.",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-05T05:30:29.873",
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"body": "Their difference is subtle, especially in everyday conversation where they\nonly differ in nuances rather than \"real\" meaning. But you can say that かな is\nmore \"interaction-oriented\" because of the な which is cognate with ね.\n\nYou can compare the dictionary definitions of\n[か](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/34861/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%8B/) and\n[かな](http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/43373/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%8B%E3%81%AA/):\n\n> * 〔か〕質問や疑問の意を表す。 \n> 〔かな〕 **念を押したり、心配したりする気持ちを込めた** 疑問の意を表す。\n>\n> * 〔か〕引用した句の意味やある事実を確かめ、 **自分自身に言い聞かせる** 意を表す。 \n> 〔かな〕 **自分自身に問いかけたり、自分自身の意志を確認したりする** 意を表す。\n>\n> * 〔か〕（多く「…ないか」の形で） **命令** の意を表す。 \n> 〔かな〕（「ないかな」の形で） **願望** の意を表す。\n>\n> * 〔か〕 **反語** の意を表す。/ **難詰・反駁** (はんばく) の意を表す。 \n> 〔かな〕 **理解できない、納得いかない** という意を表す。\n>\n>\n\nSo... if summed up, かな is more like keeping the dialog rather than one-\nsided/self-contained remark, or mentioning/considering the hearer rather than\nbeing detached/confrontational to them.\n\n> まあ、そうか _Well, I see._ \n> まあ、そうかな _Well, I think you could say that._ (usually followed by そうだよ etc.)\n>\n> 本当にそうか？ _Is that so? Really?_ \n> 本当にそうかな？ _Do you really think so?_\n\nNote that \"let's --\" \"shall we --\" kind of meaning only belongs to か, and not\nかな.\n\n> 一緒に行かないか _Why don't you come with me?_ \n> 一緒に行かないかな _I wonder if (they) go together._",
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| 35660 | null | 35661 |
{
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"body": "学校の先生もとても優しいです\n\nWhat does the first \"も\" mean?",
"comment_count": 1,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-05T08:40:23.743",
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"score": -1,
"tags": [
"words"
],
"title": "what is the も in this phrase mean?",
"view_count": 60
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{
"body": "It is hard to be 100% sure without context, but this も is probably an\ninclusive も, as in \"also\".\n\nSo something like \"The school teacher is also very kind\". But you need to be\ncareful with this translation because the \"also\" applies to the teacher, not\nto kindness.\n\nFor example: \"Bob is kind. Alice is also very kind.\" ボブは優しいです。アリスもとても優しいです。\n\n[Also note how the も \"replaces\" は (which itself \"includes\" が) so as a case\nmarker it carries all three functions \"additive\", \"subject\", and \"topic\".]",
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| 35665 | 35666 | 35666 |
{
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"body": "> 湯ぶねに体を沈めると、どばーっと色つきのお湯があふれた。 \n> When he sank his body into the bath, the coloured hot water gushed over.\n\nI took me a while to figure out that 色つき meant 'coloured'. It isn't in the bi-\nlingual dictionaries. Is it a single word or am I missing a grammar point\nwhere I can add つき to the end of a word to turn it into an \"-ed\" word?\n\nFor example if I wanted to talk about the \"whitened paper\" i.e. paper that has\nbeen made white, could I say 白つきの紙?\n\nBasically, if つき does work as a suffix when/how should I use it?",
"comment_count": 7,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-05T08:53:09.383",
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"score": 8,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"suffixes"
],
"title": "Adding つき to the end of nouns",
"view_count": 2349
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{
"body": "「つき」is a suffix to a noun, meaning \"attached, accompanied with, affected,\" for\nexample:\n\n> ひも付き - a string attached\n>\n> 条件付き - condition attached, conditional\n>\n> 期限付き - with a time-limit\n>\n> 賞味期限付き - with a pull-date stipulated\n>\n> [曰]{いわ}くつき(の品) - sth with an odd story behind it\n>\n> 昼食（弁当）付き - a lunch included (in a day-trip fare)\n>\n> 三食付きの宿 - an inn that offers three meals a day\n>\n> 三食昼寝付きの亭主 - a common saying of an idle and spoiled husband who is furnished\n> with three free meals everyday and a privilege of taking a daily nap.\n>\n> [瘤]{こぶ}付き - a man or woman with a big lump on his / her back, meaning a\n> divorced man or woman accompanied with a dependent (child / parent).\n>\n> 景品付き - a premium attached\n>\n> 電動機付き a motor attached, or a motor-driven\n\n色付き means 'colored.' Sometimes it means \"biased to sth.\" or \"have something to\ndo with an influential factor.\"「その金は色付きだ」 means \"the money in question has a\nstring attached.\"\n\n白(赤、黒、緑、黄, whatever color)付きの色 doesn't make sense.\n\nAppendix:\n\nAlso there is a word, 「[憑]{つ}き」 to be pronounced same as 付き. It means\n\"affected or controlled by a demon or a mysterious spirit of evil animals.\"\n[狐]{キツネ}[憑]{つ}きの男（女） means a mad man / woman controlled by the evil spirit of\na cunning fox.",
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| 35667 | 35677 | 35677 |
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"body": "I want to say \"Mathematics is the only thing I trust.\" using しか. But I am not\nsure which part I have to negate.\n\nWhich one is the correct one? A or B?\n\n> A: 数学しか信頼できるものじゃない。\n>\n> B: 数学しか信頼でないものだ。",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"negation",
"particle-しか"
],
"title": "When using しか, which part do we have to negate?",
"view_count": 144
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{
"body": "Both your sentences are unnatural. 数学しか信頼できない is natural.",
"comment_count": 3,
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| 35668 | 35669 | 35669 |
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"body": "I know that か is the 'question marker particle', and can use it confidently in\nformal sentences.\n\nHowever, when it comes to casual speech and very short sentences, what is it's\nusage?\n\nFor example, if you wanted to ask 'Why?' - 'なぜ' - leaving the subject of the\nsentence assumed - would you need to add 'か' at the end to mark that it's a\nquestion, or is an intonation in pitch enough?\n\nOr, say, you're communing in Japanese and you don't know the meaning of a word\nspoken - 'みず', for example. Would repeating the word as if it were a question,\nwithout adding 'か' be correct?\n\nTL;DR can you ask short questions without using 'か' if it can be assumed that\nthe word is a question anyway?\n\nIf 'か' IS needed in these circumstances, please specify if it's an issue of\nbeing correct or being polite.\n\nThanks!",
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"questions"
],
"title": "Usage of 'か' in short sentences",
"view_count": 366
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{
"body": "## The OP is looking for options in **\" Casual speech\"**\n\nIn the spoken language you don't need 「か」.\n\nWith this you make a rise in intonation at the end of the sentence to indicate\nthat it is a question. \nAll of these examples below translate as \"Do you want this?\"\n\n> これを欲{ほ}しい？\n\nThis can also be used:\n\n> これを欲{ほ}しいの？\n\nOf course someone just learning would be better to stick to using the polite\nform such as this:\n\n> これを欲{ほ}しいんですか？\n\nUsing something like the below example can come across as being rather rude if\nnot said correctly. Sticking to using 「ですか」 should be your goal until you know\nhow to properly use it in a sentence.\n\n> これを欲{ほ}しいか？\n\nSo your example would be fine to say something like this:\n\n> 彼がいつもあそこに立っているのは **なぜ** ？\n>\n> Why does he always stand over there?",
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| 35670 | null | 35671 |
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"body": "I need a little help with the phrase 'You are...' For simplicity, I'm going to\nyou the example: 'You are helpful.' It's an awkward example, yes, but it's the\nbest I could find. :P\n\nAre these correct?\n\nPatronizing someone, being sarcastic: Anata wa yūyō desu.\n\nComplimenting a friend (named Joe): Joe-kun wa(?) yūyō desu!\n\nComplimenting a teacher: Sensei yūyō wa(?) desu!\n\nHowever, I struggle with addressing someone whose name you don't know\npolitely. You can't just say 'Yūyō desu' if they don't know you're addressing\nthem, and 'anata wa' can sound rude!\n\nAny help would be appreciated!",
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"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Correct usage of 'you'?",
"view_count": 230
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{
"body": "Just to be sure, sarcasm does not work well with the Japanese language.\n\nIf you are trying to be Patronizing , I suggest taking the direct approach.\n\nPatronizing someone\n\n> おまえは使{つか}い物{もの}にならん\n\nIf you really want to use 「有用{ようよう}」 Complimenting a friend (named Joe)\n\n> ジョー君{くん}は有用{ゆうよう}な人材{じんざい}だ\n\nYou could also use this,which has a slightly different meaning.\n\n> ジョー君{くん}は優秀{ゆうしゅう}な人材{じんざい}だ\n\nComplimenting a teacher,\n\n> ありがとうございました。\n\nI can't see a student ever saying that a teacher is needed in this way in\nJapanese, so if you ever want to thank a teacher for being using just say\n\"Thank you\"",
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"body": "Patronizing saying of \"you\" is お前.\n\nIf you know their name, it is ～君、～ちゃん and only name for friends. ～さん, ～様 for\nhigher ranking persons.\n\nIf you don't know their name, we usually omit the subject \"you\" and ask their\nnames but if you know their positions like 部長, you say their position.\n\nIn addition 貴殿 and 貴台 are polite sayings of you but they are very literary and\nwe hardly say them now.",
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| 35672 | null | 35674 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "35678",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "> 彼は、外見はともかくとして、性格が良く、信頼できる人だ。\n>\n> Leaving aside his outward appearance, my elder brother is a trustworthy\n> person with good personality.\n\n# Question\n\nIn my understanding, the sentence should be as follows.\n\n> 彼は、外見はともかくとして、性格が良く **て** 、信頼できる人だ。\n\nWhy was て omitted in this relative clause?",
"comment_count": 3,
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"tags": [
"grammar",
"relative-clauses"
],
"title": "Why was て omitted in this relative clause?",
"view_count": 267
} | [
{
"body": "I think you will find that it was personal preference of the author. The top\nsentence seems to sound more educated (if you can say that) as in using\nthe「て」is superfluous. Other than that, both are fine and convey the same\nmessage.",
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"body": "Postpositional particle て has some meanings.\n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/148945/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%A6/>\n\nて can be omitted in the case of［接助]1,2,5. Your sentence is in the case of 2 or\n5, so て can be omitted.\n\nCase1: 学校に行って勉強する → 学校に行き勉強する\n\nCase2: 頭が痛くて寝ていた → 頭が痛く寝ていた\n\nCasse5: 大きくて甘い柿 → 大きく甘い柿",
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"body": "I found the answer on the page 148 of \"A Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese\nGrammar\". It is apparently an intermediate grammar. That is why I did not know\nit.\n\nAccording to the book, both く and くて forms can function as a continuative form\nthat connects two predicates. However, く is used in written Japanese while くて\nis used in both written and spoken Japanese. く can also be used as an adverb.\n\nFor more detailed, read the book.",
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| 35673 | 35678 | 35675 |
{
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"body": "What is the difference between 行き先 and 行く先? It seems like 行く先 has a slightly\nbroader meaning (it is also about the road to the destination?) but I'm not\nsure.",
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"creation_date": "2016-06-05T14:17:40.793",
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"score": 5,
"tags": [
"nuances"
],
"title": "Difference between 行き先 and 行く先",
"view_count": 305
} | [
{
"body": "* 行き先（いきさき） is a mundane word meaning \"destination (e.g., of a bus, trip)\". Some people say ゆきさき, which is a variation of this.\n * 行く先（ゆくさき） sounds a bit literary. In lyrics, poetry and stiff novels, 行く先 is semantically identical to 行き先. If this word appears in casual speech, it would mainly refer to \"future (e.g., of a child, project)\" in modern Japanese. In this sense, synonyms include 行く末（ゆくすえ） and 将来.\n\n> * 電車の行き先を確認する。\n> * 会社の行く先が心配だ。\n>",
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| 35680 | 35684 | 35684 |
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"body": "I will soon be visiting research laboratories in Japan and meeting with the\nprofessors in charge.\n\nThe english website clearly lists their position as \"professor\" and not\n\"teacher\".\n\nOf course, the direct translation of professor is 教授, but I am uncertain\nwhether 先生 would be a better (more natural) term to use when talking to them.\nAs in X-先生 or X-教授 where X is the professor's last name.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"score": 6,
"tags": [
"word-choice"
],
"title": "教授 vs 先生 when adressing a university professor",
"view_count": 3482
} | [
{
"body": "When talking directly to your teachers, you can almost always stick to ～先生 and\nbe safe, regardless of their positions (教授, 講師, 助教, ...). In general, ～教授 is\nused only when referring to them in the third person. This is in contrast to\nprivate companies, where 部長 can be called (X-)部長, etc.\n\nBut depending on the university you visit, there may be rare local rules. For\nexample, in Keio University, [all the teachers seem to be addressed using\n～君](http://www.keio.ac.jp/ja/contents/mamehyakka/18.html) at least in formal\nceremonies and official documents.",
"comment_count": 0,
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"body": "I cannot comment since I don't have 50pts but I am a Keio student and\neverybody use 先生の苗字-先生 and never 先生の苗字-君.\n\nAn advice: Don't ever use くん as a suffix. Use everytime 先生.",
"comment_count": 2,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-06T10:59:10.650",
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| 35681 | 35682 | 35682 |
{
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"body": "I read this material in a local book which gives too little information so I\nneed help to confirm.\n\nThe book said that we can use と to compare, and we cannot omit the last と.\n\n> いちご と すいかと、どちらがいいですか \n> _Between strawberry and watermelon, which one do you like?_\n\nI cannot find confirmation if I could use it to compare more than two things.\nAs in:\n\n> いちごとすいかとみかんと、どれがいいですか\n\nAnd as it seems to be the same exhaustive と, can we really not omit the last と\nwhen it's used like this? If so, why is that?",
"comment_count": 4,
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"creation_date": "2016-06-05T16:09:59.213",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-06-05T18:02:51.477",
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"owner_user_id": "13611",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"particles",
"particle-と"
],
"title": "Regarding と exhaustive list for comparison",
"view_count": 583
} | [
{
"body": "This usage appears to be variant of \"exhaustive と\". We build an exhaustive\nlist, which then behaves as any other plural noun would, and from which we\nthen prompt for a choice. (Also, looking through GOO's and A Dictionary of\nBasic Japanese Grammar, it doesn't appear that any other と usage fits this\nexample).\n\nIf we assume that it is indeed an exhaustive と usage, (and that no special\nexceptions are occurring), then **listing more than two items or\ndropping/replacing the last と should both be okay.**\n\nVarious example sentences suggest that no special exceptions are occurring\nhere and that we **can safely use \"exhaustive と\"s full range**. For example,\nchocolate posted:\n\n> いちごとすいかとみかんのどれがいいですか？\n\nHere we have a 3-item と list where the final と was replaced with the overall\nmarker の. The rest of the sentence no longer \"cares\" about と and just sees a\nplural noun: LISTのどれがいいですか\n\nOn a final note, **dropping a と** in an exhaustive と list might have been\n**less grammatical in the past**. For example, see the third major entry\n(black-boxed-3) of the following link (note: is in Japanese), which says\nroughly that despite older usage rules, in modern usage it is acceptable to\nabbreviate the final と. (From this we might reasonably infer that explicitly\nadding every と might make a sentence sound more formal or old-fashioned):\n\n<http://dictionary.goo.ne.jp/jn/154670/meaning/m0u/%E3%81%A8/>\n\n**For reference** According to the \"exhaustive と\" entry in Tae Kim's Guide to\nJapanese Grammar\n(<http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/nounparticles>), you can\ndefinitely list more than two nouns in an exhaustive list joined with と, and\nthe last noun usually takes a different particle marking the list's overall\nfunction.\n\nSo for example:\n\n> ピザ **と** スイカ **と** イチゴ **を** 食べました。\n\nis grammatical.\n\n[Edit: removed discussion of と vs か, was not relevant]",
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| 35683 | null | 35687 |
{
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"body": "I am looking for a one-word, or maybe a two-word comparable word\nSprachgefühl/Sprachgefuhl in Japanese.\n\nAccording to [this](http://ejje.weblio.jp/content/sprachgefuhl):\n\n> **Sprachgefühl** \n> 言葉が持つ本来の語法に対する直感的な感覚. \n> Meaning: an intuitive feeling for the natural idiom of a language\n\nFrom what I researched I found: 語感, 語感覚 \nCan I use 語感{ごかん} or 語感覚{ごかんかく} ? ~ Are these Kanji conveying the natural\nfeeling of Japanese properly? \nOr is it better with a longer explanation: 言語に感じ\n\nAnyway, can I just use Katakana to convey this word? スプラゲーフー\n\nThanks in advance!\n\n* * *\n\n> **Sprachgefühl** \n> noun, German. \n> 1.a sensitivity to language, especially for what is grammatically or\n> idiomatically acceptable in a given language.\n\n[Source](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/sprachgefuhl?%29\\[/link\\]).",
"comment_count": 5,
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"loanwords",
"word-requests"
],
"title": "Sprachgefühl corresponding word in Japanese",
"view_count": 212
} | [
{
"body": "Answers will differ depending on one's Sprachgefühl (no joke intended), but I\nwould personally opt to use 「[言語感覚]{げんごかんかく}」 over 「[語感]{ごかん}」 anytime.\n\nThe reason is that while only people can have 「言語感覚」 while both people and\nwords can have 「語感」. In fact, 「語感」 is far more often used to refer to the\nfeeling of a word than a person's sense for a word. Thus, I feel like one\ncould get rid of that ambiguity, at least a little, by using 「言語感覚」.\n\n(My assumption here is that only people, and not words, can have Sprachgefühl.\nGerman is my worst language, I admit openly. I am only an average native\nJapanese-speaker.)\n\n> Anyway, can I just use Katakana to convey this word? スプラゲーフー\n\nNo, definitely not. If you did, you would still need to explain what it means.\n\nIf you just said 「スプラゲーフー」, I myself would probably think you mispronounced\n「ストロガノフ」.",
"comment_count": 2,
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{
"body": "My ballot for 「絶対語感{ぜったいごかん}」. It's not a translation of \"Sprachgefühl\" but a\nvariation on the Japanese word 「絶対音感{ぜったいおんかん} (absolute pitch) 」, which names\nthe ability to intuitively recognize and reproduce a given musical note.\n\nSo 「絶対語感」 and \"Sprachgefühl\" may not line up directly, but, I think they are\npretty much doppelgängers of each other, at least in terms of meaning. Plus\nthe word 「絶対語感」has a neat look, ring and feel (its 語感, if you will) and that\nnever-heard-of-it-but-can-guess-what-it-means quality to it (for speakers of\nJapanese, anyway), which may be just as well in this case.\n\n* * *\n\nBut what does 「絶対語感」 mean, exactly? The ability to intuit whether a given word\nor string of words are grammatically or idiomatically felicitous?\n\nWhile I _think_ it's synonymous with the dictionary definition of\n\"Sprachgefühl\", it's not a widely-used term, and its definition is nowhere\nnear as well-established as that of 「絶対音感」 or presumably of \"Sprachgefühl\".\nAnd unlike the pitch of sound, grammar and usage and idiom and pronunciation\nare not strictly language-wide, universally agreed-upon phenomena. They may\nvary from region to region, from generation to generation, even from one\nperson to another.\n\nIt seems 「絶対語感」 owes what currency it has at the moment to the linguist\nShigehiko Toyama, who boasts [a rather impressive\noeuvre](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%B1%B1%E6%BB%8B%E6%AF%94%E5%8F%A4),\namong which is \"わが子に伝える「絶対語感」 頭の良い子に育てる日本語の話し方\".\n\nUnfortunately I don't have any of his books, but as luck would have it I've\nfound [a blog\npost](http://blog.goo.ne.jp/chorinkai/e/630ccf4f8319c71d0779602c88009b2d) that\npurports to quote him as explaining what he intends the word to mean, in one\nof his books \"大人の言葉づかい\". Here's my partial TL of it (Expect and pardon\nmistranslations, though I try to keep them as few and forgivable as\npossible.):\n\n> What \"絶対語感\" is, it is the linguistic fabric of a given person. Grammar is\n> part of it; when one hears such an utterance as 「あの人はりっぱな本に持っている」,\n> immediately they judge it as incorrect. However, under normal circumstances,\n> the judging person themselves does not have a clear consciousness of what\n> their version of grammar is like, nor can they write it down on paper.\n>\n> Rhythm and pitch too are encompassed within the scope of 絶対語感. When people\n> from the Kansai region feel Tokyoites' speech to be \"foreign\", it is due to\n> the difference in their 絶対語感.\n>\n> The 絶対語感 of people who speak of 「食べられる」「着られる」「寝られる」 is distinct from that of\n> those in the habit of saying 「食べれる」「着れる」「寝れる」(*TN: the much maligned\n> 「ら抜きことば」). Though they deem the usage improper, they find it hard to say\n> that aloud. In some dialects the 「ら抜きことば」 has long been part of correct\n> usage.",
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| 35688 | 35689 | 35689 |
{
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"body": "I was playing Fire Emblem yesterday and this came up:[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/qiuRV.jpg)\n\nSome context: Odin is Leon's retainer, but they have been sent on separate\nmissions, hence the worry of the retainer towards its lord.\n\nI simply don't understand the answer by Odin, especially why he uses `心配で心配で`.\nI am also unsure as to which words he is using in second line : 煩慮{はんりょ} and\n慮無｛りょむ｝? They are not present in the JMDict based dictionaries, and my input\nmethod does not propose them, are they common ?\n\nI understand the global sense as expressing a lot of worry: it will take Odin\na long time to get rid of his worry. I would like help to understand it more\nprecisely.\n\nAdditional question: what kind of \"style\" is Odin using here ?\n\nFull transcription:\n\n> レオン：後｛あと｝は好｛す｝きにしていいってさ。 だからこれからは、僕｛ぼく｝も一緒｛いっしょ｝に闘｛たたか｝うよ。\n>\n> オーディン：俺{おれ}もうお傍｛そば｝を離｛はな｝れている間｛あいだ｝心配で心配で\n> 煩慮の念｛ねん｝が永{なが}き慮無｛りょむ｝に廃{はい}されるのではと…！",
"comment_count": 1,
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"tags": [
"translation",
"words",
"syntax"
],
"title": "Understanding this sentence: 心配で心配で",
"view_count": 613
} | [
{
"body": "Repeating 心配{しんぱい} twice (心配で心配で) is just a way to emphasize that he is\n_really_ worried. I guess you could say this in English, \"While he is away, I\nam just so terribly worried.\" 「[離]{はな}れている[間]{あいだ}心配で心配で」\n\nIt is often used in conjunction with 「たまらない」 eg, It is formed like this: \nAdjective [(「て」, 「で」 form)](http://www.learn-japanese-adventure.com/japanese-\nadjectives-2.html) followed by 「たまらない」\n\n> 心配で心配でたまらない \n> unbearably worried\n\nOther examples would be,\n\n> 痛{いた}くて痛くてたまらない \n> unbearably painful\n\nIn a positive sense,\n\n> 嬉{うれ}しくて嬉しくてたまらない \n> tremendously happy\n\nRegarding the Kanji you mentioned, you have made a mistake, it is not 慮無{りょむ}\nbut 虚無｛きょむ｝. Nevertheless, 煩慮{はんりょ} as well as 虚無 are hardly ever used in\neveryday life.\n\nHere are two links to their definition\n[煩慮](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E7%85%A9%E6%85%AE) and\n[虚無](http://www.weblio.jp/content/%E8%99%9A%E7%84%A1%E7%9A%84).",
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{
"body": "As another person said, 虚無 is correct, but even for me (a native Japanese\nspeaker), second line is still difficult. If you understand atmosphere of\nthat, you don't have to care details.\n\nHowever, maybe second line means like this: I'm so worried. Because of worry,\nI won't be able to do anything for a long time. （煩慮＝worry or buzz feeling\n虚無＝nothing）",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-06T07:23:47.590",
"id": "35696",
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"last_edit_date": null,
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
}
]
| 35690 | 35691 | 35691 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "35718",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "It is said by a boy who was straddling on a running pig among other of them.\n\n> せんべいに **なりたかねえ** やつあ おとなしくわきへ どいてろっ。\n\nI think it would mean 「なりたくない」 or 'not to become'. Is it changed because of\ndialectal speaking?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-06T04:22:38.383",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "35692",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-06-06T16:33:09.103",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "9559",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"dialects",
"manga"
],
"title": "What does the word 「なりたかねえ」 mean?",
"view_count": 680
} | [
{
"body": "It looks like very old Japanese, but you are correct it is this 「なりたくない」\n\nLoosely translated.\n\n> せんべいになりたかねえやつあ おとなしくわきへ どいてろっ。\n>\n> Be good and get out of the way if you don't want to get flattened.\n\nEDIT: To clarify in regards to the comment that this dialect/expression is a\ncurrent one. This type of dialect was once very much widely used, specifically\nin the Edo period, but now it is limited to small specific areas in a few\nparts of Japan. I can't comment on the younger generation in those areas using\nthis type of expression as I don't know how they speak there. But, in\nmainstream, modern day Japanese in Japan, it is no longer used and would be\nconsidered out dated.\n\nIf anyone thinks otherwise, do your own experiment and say it to a native\nspeaker that is relatively young and watch the strange expression on their\nface while they process what you have just said, then have them fire back a\nquestion \"was that what you were trying to say?\". In other words , this is not\na typical expression in today's language and will take a little bit to confirm\nwhat you were meaning to say, where as any other expression used today will\nnot require that thought.\n\nEDIT 2:\n[東京方言](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80)\n\nI must be seeing things, wiki says that Edo dialect among others has **just\nabout disappeared** in today's Japanese and that it is from a **long time\nago**.\n\n> * 古くからの「東京」の範囲（「東京市街の変遷」も参照）に存在する方言の総称。\n>\n> * 江戸言葉はもちろん、標準語成立に大きな影響を与えた山の手言葉も **消滅寸前まで追い詰められている** のが現状である。\n>\n>\n\nPlease let me know where my original statement was incorrect?",
"comment_count": 17,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-06T04:32:06.667",
"id": "35693",
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{
"body": "I'm a native Japanese speaker. I can't post a comment to another writing\nthanks to a lack of reputation, so I will write here. In my opinion, なりたかねえ is\n\"oral expression\" rather than \"tough guy like\", and it is sometimes used even\nnow. Actually I think sophisticated lady never uses this expression, but I\nknow some girl in a very famous anime often uses almost same phrase. (this is\nthe anime: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chibi_Maruko-chan>)\n\nAlthough I don't understand the context, but directly translating is here: If\nyou don't want to be a rice cracker (probably metaphor of flat one), get aside\nfrom the road without resistance.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-06T08:13:11.953",
"id": "35699",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-06T08:21:06.850",
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"owner_user_id": "15670",
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"score": 2
},
{
"body": "「なりた **かねえ** 」＝「なりた **くはない** 」\n\nThe former is an informal and mostly-masculine way of saying the latter\n(dictionary form) around Tokyo. One might safely call it the \"tough guy\nspeech\". Guys just talk like that around Tokyo when they hang around with\nclose friends.\n\nCalling this kind of speech old or outdated is sheer nonsense. It is 100%\ncurrent. I have lived in central Tokyo over 25 years, so I know it is current\nand **_real_**.\n\nkuwa ⇒ kwa ⇒ ka\n\nThe ない-to-ねえ change in Kanto is \"famous\" even among Japanese-learners these\ndays (and it has been explained many times right here on SE) so that should\nrequire no explanation.\n\nThus, 「なりたかねえ」 means \" ** _to not want to become_** \" just as 「なりたくはない」 does.\n\n> 「せんべいになりた **かねえ** やつ **あ** おとなしくわきへ どい **てろっ** 。」\n\nin the \"dictionary\" form, would be:\n\n> 「せんべいになりた **くはない** やつ **は** おとなしくわきへ どい **ていろ** 。」\n\nEither way, the sentence literally means:\n\n> \"Those who don't want to become _senbei_ (flat rice crackers), step aside\n> obediently!\"\n\n\n\n\"I don't wanna heeeaaarrr! A story like that....!\", says the gentleman.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-06T19:17:08.453",
"id": "35718",
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"last_edit_date": "2017-03-10T09:42:44.343",
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"score": 6
}
]
| 35692 | 35718 | 35718 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "35711",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I am aware that ~ばいい can be used to suggest or imply something. For example,\nin the sentence:\n\n> 自分ですればいいだろ (Do your own work)\n\nHowever, I tried to make the sentence: Come with her to the party / It is good\nthat you come with her to the party\n\n> 彼女とパーティに行けばいいですね\n\nBut I was told that this sounds unnatural, and I should therefore say:\n\n> 彼女とパーティに行けるといいですね (another conditional!)\n\nMy questions:\n\n * Any conditional can be used for generating this suggestions?\n\n * Is there any rule so that we know which conditional should we use in each case? Because I don't understand why my sentence is unnatural.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-06T06:59:33.497",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "35695",
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"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"conditionals"
],
"title": "~ばいい for suggestions",
"view_count": 660
} | [
{
"body": "Because this ね is used as expectation for the agreement and reply like\nそろそろ出かけようね.\n\n彼女とパーティに行けばいい means you should go to the party with her and this sentence is a\nsuggestion, so this sentence added ね is unnatural because speaker doesn't\nexpect the agreement and reply.\n\n彼女とパーティに行けるといい means I hope you can go to the party with her and this sentence\nadded ね is natural because speaker expects the agreement and reply.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-06T07:34:19.657",
"id": "35697",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-06T13:09:43.303",
"last_edit_date": "2016-06-06T13:09:43.303",
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{
"body": "(First, the Japanese verb for \"come\" is \"来る\" not \"行く\", but for now we'll\npretend that \"go(行く)\" is our verb.)\n\n\"彼女とパーティに行けばいいですね。\" sounds unnatural because you used the wrong discourse\nparticle \"ね\" at the end. (It's not wrong-wrong, actually, but... unnatural, if\nonly for the nuance you are trying to convey.) For the function of \"ね\", see\nYuuichi Tam's answer.\n\nThe right choice would be \"よ\" or not to use any at all. (The nuance varies\nbetween with and without it, but not too greatly.) Apart from that, your\nsentence is perfectly fine:\n\n> 彼女とパーティに行けばいいです(よ)。 (\"It will be good if you go to the party with her.\" Or\n> less literally, \"You **should** go to the party with her.\")\n\nWhoever told you to rewrite it as \"彼女とパーティに行けるといいですね。\" slyly converted the\nverb to the potential form (行ける: can go), along with the ば→と change. As a\nresult something more than a little nuance was altered. Namely, the sentence\nturned from a suggestion/advice to an expression of hope!:\n\n> 彼女とパーティに **行ける** といいですね。 (\"It will be good if you **can** go to the party\n> with her.\" Or less literally, \"I _hope_ you **can** go to the party with\n> her.\")\n\nThe difference in meaning is due to the change not in the conditional word\n(ば→と) but rather in the verb form. (And look what an impact it makes on the\nsemantics of the whole sentence!)\n\nYou can replicate the same change in meaning without swapping the conditional\nword. You need only to change the verb form to the potential (and the\ndiscourse particle to \"ね\"):\n\n> (1a) 彼女とパーティに **行けば** いいです(よ)。 (You should go to the party with her.) \n> (1b) 彼女とパーティに **行ければ** いいですね。 (I hope you can go to the party with her.)\n>\n> (2a) 彼女とパーティに **行くと** いいです(よ)。 (You should go to the party with her.) \n> (2b) 彼女とパーティに **行けると** いいですね。 (I hope you can go to the party with her.)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-06T14:38:17.370",
"id": "35711",
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"last_edit_date": "2016-06-06T15:25:30.710",
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"owner_user_id": "11575",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 4
}
]
| 35695 | 35711 | 35711 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "35709",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "Both of the following two sentences taken from two different sources contain\n`来たこと`. How could this `来たこと` be interpreted?\n\n * 「来れたら行く」と言って来たことある人ってほとんどいない気がします。 ([source](http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1295722152))\n * これは上流から見ているので奥から進んで来たことになる。 ([source](http://www.geocities.jp/chilokulo/wek.html))\n\n \n== Edit == \nCorrected the link of the second source.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-06T08:32:11.577",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "35701",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-06T14:42:37.297",
"last_edit_date": "2016-06-06T14:16:23.753",
"last_editor_user_id": "14487",
"owner_user_id": "14487",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "What's the meaning of 来たこと?",
"view_count": 1365
} | [
{
"body": "The simplest answer is 来たこと means **\"the fact/matter/thing of having come\"**.\nIt is a **\"noun-ed\" form of 来る**.\n\nTo the best of my knowledge there is **no special connection between 来た and\nこと** here (as opposed to other possible verbs). The こと is acting as a\n**nominalizer** (it converts the previous verb phrase into a noun phrase:\n\neg 走る->走ること \"(to) run\"->\"the matter/thing of running\".\n\n**こと** can act this way **with most verbs** and many verb tenses. There also\nseveral other \"general\" nominalizers like もの and nominalizer の.\n\nThis page of Tae Kim's guide goes into more detail about the ことがある use:\n<http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/genericnouns>\n\n* * *\n\nThe **first** sentence can be roughly translated as\n\n> People who say \"I'll come if I am able to\" and then actually show up pretty\n> much don't exist\n\nor more loosely:\n\n> When people say \"I'll come if I am able to\", they generally don't have any\n> intention of coming.\n\nThe **second** sentence is maybe along the lines of\n\n> Here, if we were looking from upstream, it (becomes clear/appears) that\n> (you/it?) have (proceeded and) come from the inside.\n\nwith the exact translation depending on context.\n\n[Edit: from the now-working source link we can see the context] He is talking\nabout the picture of the stream, which he has been following from downstream\nto upstream. He is saying that if the picture was instead taken from the\nupstream direction, then we would be able to see how he had come from the\ninside (of the town, I'm guessing).\n\n* * *\n\nIt might be easier to **parse the first sentence** with some extra punctuation\nand particles inserted explicitly as so:\n\n> 「来れたら、行く」と言って、来たことがある人ってほとんどいない気がします。\n\n来れたら、行く = \"If (I) am able to, (I) will come.\" 言って、来たことがある人 = \"A person who,\nhaving said that, has come\"",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-06T14:04:41.853",
"id": "35709",
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"owner_user_id": "14598",
"parent_id": "35701",
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"score": 2
}
]
| 35701 | 35709 | 35709 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "35706",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "Let's consider the following conditional sentence but without \"ONLY\".\n\n> ボタンを押せば、ジュースが出る。If you press the button, the juice comes out.\n\nWhen \"ONLY\" is inserted with さえ, the conditional sentence becomes as follows.\n\n> A: ボタンを押しさえすれば、ジュースが出る。\n\n# Question\n\nWhy do we not use B instead of A?\n\n> B: ボタンさえ押せば、ジュースが出る。",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-06T13:25:43.167",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "35704",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-06T13:41:15.333",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "11192",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"grammar"
],
"title": "Confused in determining the rule of composing ～さえ～ば sentence",
"view_count": 84
} | [
{
"body": "Both A and B are correct. B's also not wrong at all.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-06T13:39:02.187",
"id": "35705",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-06T13:39:02.187",
"last_edit_date": null,
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"owner_user_id": "15670",
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{
"body": "You can use both expressions fine.\n\nEg, Say you were explaining to a foreigner in Japan on using a vending machine\nwho had never used one before. You could say something like this,\n\n> All you have to do is ,press the button and a drink will come out.\n>\n> ボタンを押しさえすれば、ジュースが出る。\n>\n> All you have to do is study and you will pass.\n>\n> 勉強さえすれば合格する。\n\nI see where \"only\" is implied and using \"all you have to do\" as the meaning\n\"you only have to do....\"\n\nHope that helps.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-06T13:41:15.333",
"id": "35706",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-06T13:41:15.333",
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"owner_user_id": "14605",
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"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 35704 | 35706 | 35705 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "35714",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "寝ソバしよう appeared in a tweet with a picture of soba noodles attached.\n\nIs this trying to say \"You will probably sleep well after eating soba\"?",
"comment_count": 2,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-06T13:48:00.113",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "35707",
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"owner_user_id": "15675",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"meaning"
],
"title": "寝ソバしよう meaning (from tweet)",
"view_count": 95
} | [
{
"body": "It's not suggestion. Maybe just reporting he/she is laying down and eating\nsoba. 寝ソバ is not official word.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-06T13:57:52.937",
"id": "35708",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-06T13:57:52.937",
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},
{
"body": "Some of us have 「寝酒 (lit:sleep-sake; nightcap) 」 to help us fall asleep. In\nthe same vein, others might have 「寝ソバ(lit:sleep-soba-noodles; ???)」. Or not.\n\nBy the way, \"... しよう\" usually means \"I'll ...\" or \"Let's ...\"\n\nSo one possible interpretation may be: \"I'll have my night-time soba-noodles\nso I can sleep well.\"",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-06T15:11:50.780",
"id": "35714",
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"score": 1
}
]
| 35707 | 35714 | 35714 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "35713",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I want to know how to form the sentence:\n\n> We know that this is a small shop, but [...] .\n\nI thought I could write it as\n\n> 私たちはそれが小さい店だことを知っています\n\nbut it turned out that this sentence is grammatically incorrect (apparently\nbecause \"da\" cannot be used like that?).\n\nI want the \"is\" part to really appear in the sentence and I have no idea of\nhow to do that, since no way that I know looks grammatical.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-06T14:37:28.647",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "35710",
"last_activity_date": "2016-08-25T02:33:16.280",
"last_edit_date": "2016-08-25T02:33:16.280",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "15676",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 5,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"translation"
],
"title": "State of being in a relative clause help",
"view_count": 233
} | [
{
"body": "The reason you can't use だ like that is that **だ and です are not real verbs** ,\nand **こと (の, etc) used as a nominalizer expect a verb**.\n\nYou can convert it into a \"thought/idea\" with the quotation particle use of と\nto fix that issue, like this: 「。。。店だという事を知っています」 .. but there are some other\nissues as well.\n\nYou probably want to use これ instead of それ if the store is \"closer\" (either\nphysically or in terms of ownership) to the speaker than the listener.\nDepending on context you probably don't need to explicitly mention 私たち either.\nIn which case we get:\n\n> これが小さい店だという事を知っています\n\nIt may be more natural to topicalize this thought with は, as follows, but this\nis outside the scope of the question.\n\n> これが小さい店だという事は知っています\n\n* * *\n\n[Edit:] I previously went a little further and suggested abbreviating down\nto「この店は小さいと知っています」 but several native speakers have mentioned that this use of\nと sounds strange/unidiomatic, and that keeping という事を orという事は would be\npreferable. **I keep this as an example of what not to do**.\n\n* * *\n\nDue to my over-zealousness in an earlier version of this answer, where I\nsuggested switching the word order some, and 小さい came last in the relative\nclause, discussion of how to nominalize i-adjectives has come up. I don't\nrecommend this approach here since a more direct approach exists, but I leave\nit here for reference, apologies for any confusion. We nominalize a clause\nlike 小さいだ by dropping だ/です and adding any noun (either a specific noun, or a\ngeneric nominalizer like こと or の). At this point it is a noun phrase and\nviable target for a particle and connection to a \"parent\" verb phrase:\n\n小さい（だ|です） -> 小さい（の・こと） -> 小さい（の OR こと）（を OR は）知っています\n\n* * *\n\nAgain, this depends on context, but it seems like it might be applicable so I\nthought I'd mention it. If you're saying this in an explanatory way (eg\nanswering or anticipating a question), you can also use のだ construct, eg\n「うちの店は小さいのですが、。。」 \"(I realize) our store may be small, but ...\" This might\nsound a lot more natural than using 知っています, eg if you're the shop owner, or an\nemployee, and speaking to a customer, you probably wouldn't use 知っています.",
"comment_count": 9,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-06T14:59:08.973",
"id": "35713",
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"owner_user_id": "14598",
"parent_id": "35710",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
}
]
| 35710 | 35713 | 35713 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": null,
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "What is a good way to express a wish about something that won't or is unlikely\nto happen?\n\nFor example:\n\n> I wish I were tall enough to be allowed on that roller coaster.\n>\n> I wish I could eat that much and not gain weight.\n>\n> I wish I had been born 100 years ago instead.\n\netc.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-06T14:45:25.030",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "35712",
"last_activity_date": "2017-10-13T14:42:49.297",
"last_edit_date": "2020-06-17T08:18:27.500",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "14199",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 10,
"tags": [
"grammar",
"english-to-japanese",
"modality"
],
"title": "Expressing a regretful wish",
"view_count": 2889
} | [
{
"body": "A good way to do this is to use the construct Conditional + いいのに.\n\nFor example:\n\n> トラだったらいいのに \n> I wish I were a tiger\n>\n> もっと背が高ければよかったのに \n> I wish I were taller\n>\n> その車を買うのに十分なお金があったらいいのに \n> I wish I had enough money to buy that car\n>\n> きれいだったらいいのに \n> I wish she looked pretty\n\nIt's a pretty simple construct, and any conditional form can work.",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-06T15:39:17.107",
"id": "35715",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-06T15:58:29.677",
"last_edit_date": "2016-06-06T15:58:29.677",
"last_editor_user_id": "9749",
"owner_user_id": "9749",
"parent_id": "35712",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
}
]
| 35712 | null | 35715 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "35735",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I'm looking for a word or phrase to describe a company that is\norganizationally disorganized. I am not sure if words that describe physically\ndisorganized (like a messy desk for which you could say 散らかってる) would be\nappropriate for this case.\n\nTo be more specific, imagine a company whose customer support you call, and\nget forwarded to 5 or 6 different people before they finally answer your\nquestion. Would something like \"まとまってない\" apply here?",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-06T17:54:18.380",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "35716",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-07T06:19:03.693",
"last_edit_date": "2016-06-06T18:59:48.730",
"last_editor_user_id": "11792",
"owner_user_id": "11825",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 4,
"tags": [
"word-requests"
],
"title": "How to describe a company that is disorganized?",
"view_count": 533
} | [
{
"body": "めちゃめちゃ (me-cha me-cha) means \"messed-up\".\n\n> * あの会社の進め方はめちゃめちゃだね = That company way of doing things is messed-up\n> (disorganized).\n> * この部屋はめちゃめちゃだね = This room is really messy.\n>\n\nめちゃめちゃ has also, through slang, come to be used to mean \"very\" before an\nadjective, e.g.,\n\n> * めちゃめちゃいい = very good\n> * めちゃめちゃ大きい = very big.\n>\n\nBut that is a different usage.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-06T20:27:44.080",
"id": "35720",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-06T23:37:17.200",
"last_edit_date": "2016-06-06T23:37:17.200",
"last_editor_user_id": "9831",
"owner_user_id": "14250",
"parent_id": "35716",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
},
{
"body": "If I called their customer support and got forwarded to 5 or 6 different\npeople, I'd say なってない (\"not doing properly, decently\"). What I mean is there\nare numerous situations when you utter \"disorganized\" regarding a company, and\nyou have to choose different word in Japanese on each.\n\n * ばらばら: \"teared up\", \"disintegrated\", \"disunited\"\n * ぐちゃぐちゃ: \"messy\", \"disturbed\", \"in a shambles\"\n * なっていない: (see above)\n * まとまりがない: \"not cohesive\", \"uncoordinated\"\n * 体をなしていない: \"shapeless\", \"dysfunctional\" (usually with a noun such as 会社の体をなしていない)\n * でたらめ、めちゃくちゃ: \"chaotic\", \"irresponsible\"\n * 無秩序: \"disordered\", \"headless\", \"chaotic\"\n * 空中分解寸前: \"is going to 'break up in midair'\"\n\netc.",
"comment_count": 4,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-07T06:19:03.693",
"id": "35735",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-07T06:19:03.693",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "7810",
"parent_id": "35716",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 35716 | 35735 | 35735 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "35725",
"answer_count": 2,
"body": "I was listening to a Japanese podcast (安住紳一郎{あずみしんいちろう}の日曜天国{にちようてんごく}) the\nother day, and there was this sentence (here's a link to an audio clip in case\nI made a mistake: <http://vocaroo.com/i/s0Z63Vgl1t7F>):\n\n>\n> 「六月{ろくがつ}から七月{しちがつ}の段差{だんさ}っていうのがなかなかこう、体感的{たいかんてき}に理解知{りかいし}れない部分{ぶぶん}がありましてですね。『ええ、もう？』みたいな。」\n\nMy attempt at a translation would be something along the lines of:\n\n> \"It is hard to sense the difference between June and July. You feel like\n> 'Huh, it's already July?'\"\n\nThere are two words here, 段差{だんさ} and 理解知{りかいし}れない, whose meaning I'm not sure\nI understand. Checking the dictionary, 段差{だんさ} means either difference in\ngrades (such as in martial arts) or height difference between two levels (like\nroads). Neither of those really fit this context in my opinion. As for\n理解知{りかいし}れない, I could not find an entry for it in any dictionary. I would\nguess it is a combination of 理解{りかい} meaning \"understand\" and 知{し}れない meaning\n\"not be able to understand easily\", but I'm not really sure how you would\ncombine those two meanings.\n\nSo, I would appreciate if someone could help me understand what 段差{だんさ} and\n理解知{りかいし}れない mean in this context.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-06T19:12:44.670",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "35717",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-07T05:48:09.947",
"last_edit_date": "2016-06-06T20:44:32.510",
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "6809",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 3,
"tags": [
"translation",
"meaning",
"listening"
],
"title": "What do words/expressions 段差{だんさ} and 理解知{りかいし}れない mean in this context?",
"view_count": 244
} | [
{
"body": "I think your translation is correct! I feel the speakers choice of words 段差\nand 理解知らない are unusual, but completely understandable by context. The unusual\nchoice of words piques the listeners interest, providing some stimulation in\nwhat would otherwise be a very boring and mundane sentence.\n「体感的にいうと、六月と七月の差はあまり感じないね。」 How boring! Who would want to listen to a sentence\nlike that in a podcast. zzzzzzzzz",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-06T20:10:27.043",
"id": "35719",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-06T20:10:27.043",
"last_edit_date": null,
"last_editor_user_id": null,
"owner_user_id": "14250",
"parent_id": "35717",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 0
},
{
"body": "Yes 段差 usually refers to the physical difference in level, but in this case it\nseems to refer to the (perceptual) gap between June and July. I don't think\nthis usage of 段差 is common, though. 落差 is sometimes used metaphorically in\nthis sense.\n\n> * ナイアガラの滝の **落差** は55mだ。 (original meaning)\n> * 彼は普段と怒っている時の **落差** が激しい。 (metaphorical)\n>\n\nI listened to the actual record you provided, and I think it's only the slip\nof the tongue of the speaker. Did you notice the short pause between 理解しれない\nand 部分が? That must be the pause where he thought for a moment if he should\ncorrect the error. Probably the speaker could not decide whether to connect\nanother verb after 理解し… or simply say 理解できない, and he ended up saying 理解しれない,\nincidentally.\n\nIf we google, we can see there are a few people who actually used 理解知る. It\nseems to simply mean \"know and understand\". But it should be extremely rare,\nand I haven't seen or heard this verb compound before. You can just forget it.\n\n* * *\n\n**EDIT:** I checked the audio again and thought maybe he was saying 理解しえない\n(理解する + [auxiliary verb 得る](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/q/15962/5010) +\nない = \"impossible to understand\"). This is a bit literary expression which\ndoesn't appear often in speech like this.",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-07T03:08:33.770",
"id": "35725",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-07T05:48:09.947",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.207",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "35717",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 35717 | 35725 | 35725 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "35726",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "みんな、おちついて Or みんな、おさまって\n\nSay there's a earthquake and teacher says to his students \"everyone, keep\ncalm.\" How'd he do that in Japanese?\n\nI'm asking here because translators don't explain why they used the word they\ndid and not others.",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-06T22:18:30.230",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "35721",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-07T03:41:56.243",
"last_edit_date": "2016-06-07T03:14:41.227",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "14267",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 1,
"tags": [
"word-choice",
"word-usage"
],
"title": "Can I use both おさまって and おちついて to say \"everyone, keep calm?\"",
"view_count": 79
} | [
{
"body": "The natural choice is おちついて.\n\nおさまって sounds grandiose and even funny, unless you were saying this to a\nfurious god rather than school kids. Basically, when we want to say \"calm\ndown\" out aloud to someone, おさまれ／おさまって is almost never used, except for by\nstereotyped samurais, fictional\n[chunibyo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_anime_and_manga#Ch.C5.ABniby.C5.8D)\ncharacters and such.\n\n収まる is relatively more literary, and tends to be used when someone is angry or\nfurious, rather than simply confused.\n\n> * 彼【かれ】の怒【いか】りが収まる。\n> * 暴動【ぼうどう】が収【おさ】まる。\n>",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-07T03:36:41.713",
"id": "35726",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-07T03:41:56.243",
"last_edit_date": "2016-06-07T03:41:56.243",
"last_editor_user_id": "5010",
"owner_user_id": "5010",
"parent_id": "35721",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 35721 | 35726 | 35726 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "35723",
"answer_count": 3,
"body": "I'm beginner in Japanese, and I was analysing some kanji. I was noticing the\nparts of 燃. I see a dog there, a fire, another fire, and then there is this 夕\nwith two strokes in the middle instead of one, that apparently, as far as I\ncould look it up, doesn't actually have a meaning, or does it? If not, is\nthere many kanji with meaningless parts like this? How does it come to be?",
"comment_count": 5,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-07T02:05:58.520",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "35722",
"last_activity_date": "2017-08-29T01:43:32.053",
"last_edit_date": "2016-06-07T08:19:24.810",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "12121",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 6,
"tags": [
"kanji",
"radicals"
],
"title": "Do all kanji parts have a meaning?",
"view_count": 2240
} | [
{
"body": "Good question, with an unexpectedly complex answer.\n\n'夕 with two strokes' is indeed a radical you can look up -- in particular it's\nthe 肉 (meat) radical. Radicals can have different appearances (variants), just\nlike the two appearances of the fire radical 火 in 燃.\n\n燃 is a radical-phonetic compound made up of the fire radical 火 and the right\nhand side 然. In turn, 然 is composed of the fire radical as well as the\ncomponents 肉 (meat) and 犬 (dog).\n\nThe reason why the fire radical appears here twice is this: the meaning of 然\nin Old Chinese really was the same as 燃 (to burn)! Later in the development of\nthe Chinese writing system, the sound of 然 was borrowed for its present\nmeaning, and then the original character had the fire radical added to\nrepresent its _original_ meaning.\n\nA similar process, where for a certain character a new meaning comes to\nreplace the old meaning, and a radical is added to represent the old meaning,\nhappened to many other characters. One example is 雲, the original form of\nwhich was 云 (which is now used in its borrowed meaning of 'to say').\n\nThe original meaning of 然 was \"to roast dog meat over a fire\", which was\nbroadened semantically to \"to burn\". Hopefully it's now clear why there's a 犬\nin there.\n\nEDIT:\n\nTo answer your general question though: \"do all kanji parts have a meaning\",\nthe answer is no. A character can't necessarily be broken down entirely into\nsemantic \"atoms\". See [the Wikipedia\narticle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_characters#Principles_of_formation)\non phono-semantic compounds for an example of non-semantic character\ncomponents.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-07T02:25:37.917",
"id": "35723",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-07T02:53:07.077",
"last_edit_date": "2016-06-07T02:53:07.077",
"last_editor_user_id": "816",
"owner_user_id": "816",
"parent_id": "35722",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 5
},
{
"body": "Good question. Actually I thought about that myself several times and could\nnot come up with a clear answer. Here I will just try to answer to your\nspecific case.\n\nIf you look up 燃 on some dictionary, such as\n[here](http://kanji.jitenon.jp/kanjib/784.html), you will find that it just\nreports the radicals (部首) that in this case are 火 and 灬 (both fire).\n\nAnyway, if you look 燃 up on a different dictionary such as _Midori_ you will\nsee that it actually you get a link to 然 and interestingly it decomposes this\nthe character in 月、犬、and 灬. And if you look closely it makes sense. The top\nleft part could indeed be a moon (EDIT: apparently it is actually \"meat\" and\nnot moon, they just look the same).\n\nEdit: So at least for this kanji yes, each part has a meaning _apparently_. As\npointed out in another answer it seems that Midori's interpretation is not\neven correct though.\n\nI could not find an online version of Midori so I will put a screenshot here:\n\n[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/l7jYf.png)",
"comment_count": 7,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-07T02:57:38.320",
"id": "35724",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-07T06:09:28.753",
"last_edit_date": "2016-06-07T06:09:28.753",
"last_editor_user_id": "14205",
"owner_user_id": "14205",
"parent_id": "35722",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 1
},
{
"body": "Yes, not all, but many parts constituting a 漢字 have meaning(s).\n\nIf you wish to learn what an individual element constituting 漢字 signifies, I\nrecommend you read 「常用字解」 written by Dr. Shirakawa Shizuka, published by\nHeibonsha, as a handy and instructive manual.\n\n常用字解 explains the origin of 燃 as follows:\n\n> The base of 燃 is 然, which signifies the action of burning (roasting) the\n> meat of dog being offered as a sacrifice to the Heavenly God. The 月, a part\n> of the character is a simplified form of 肉 (meat).\n\nHowever, 然 grew to mean 然れども (but, however) side by side to the original\nmeaning of 「然」 later, and it became necessary for Chinese to differentiate the\nusage of 然 from 'however' to \"burn' by developing a new character. So, they\nadded 火 (fire) to the existing 然 as a quick method. The creation of 「燃」 was\nmade in Hang Dynasty after the 2nd century B.C.\n\nAn additional note in response to some of the comments and questions below:\n\n月 when used as a 偏 （the left-hand）and 脚 (bellow part of 漢字) instead of 月 on\nits own, it’s called 肉月（にくづき), meaning the letter of 月 representing a part of\nbody in such a way as 腕 (arm), 肌 (skin), 肺 (lungs), 腹 (abdomen), 胎（womb), 肋\n(libs), 腰 (waist)，股 (crotch), 腿 (thigh), 腸 (bowels), 肝 / 胆(liver), 背（back), 胃\n(stomach), and 腎（kidney）.",
"comment_count": 3,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-07T03:50:48.477",
"id": "35727",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-08T01:03:18.533",
"last_edit_date": "2016-06-08T01:03:18.533",
"last_editor_user_id": "12056",
"owner_user_id": "12056",
"parent_id": "35722",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 3
}
]
| 35722 | 35723 | 35723 |
{
"accepted_answer_id": "35737",
"answer_count": 1,
"body": "I wrote the following sentences (in an exercise in which I had to tell how I\nspent the day):\n\n> ごごに、にほんごをべんきょうしました。 \n> ばんに、ばけもののこをみました。\n\nA Japanese person corrected them like this:\n\n> ごごは、にほんごのべんきょうをしました。 \n> ばんには、ばけもののこをみました。\n\nAs I was speaking about me in the previous sentences, I thought the subject\n(me) was implied. I don't understand why the subject here is the afternoon\nitself or the night?",
"comment_count": 1,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-07T03:59:03.673",
"favorite_count": 0,
"id": "35728",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-07T09:08:37.183",
"last_edit_date": "2016-06-07T08:17:05.703",
"last_editor_user_id": "11104",
"owner_user_id": "15685",
"post_type": "question",
"score": 2,
"tags": [
"particle-は",
"subjects"
],
"title": "ごごに vs. ごごは and ばんに vs. ばんには?",
"view_count": 278
} | [
{
"body": "I think your sentences are natural.\n\nAnd you omitted the subject 私は in these sentences.\n\nごごに and ばんに mean \"in the afternoon\" and \"in the evening / at night\",\nrespectively.\n\nI think は and には can be used in your sentences instead of に.\n\nThe difference between に and は and には is written in this link. [When do you\nuse は/に for どようびは/に?](https://japanese.stackexchange.com/questions/8269/when-\ndo-you-use-%E3%81%AF-%E3%81%AB-\nfor-%E3%81%A9%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%B3%E3%81%AF-%E3%81%AB)",
"comment_count": 0,
"content_license": "CC BY-SA 3.0",
"creation_date": "2016-06-07T08:05:40.903",
"id": "35737",
"last_activity_date": "2016-06-07T09:08:37.183",
"last_edit_date": "2017-04-13T12:43:44.863",
"last_editor_user_id": "-1",
"owner_user_id": "7320",
"parent_id": "35728",
"post_type": "answer",
"score": 2
}
]
| 35728 | 35737 | 35737 |
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