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Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. -------- Question: Residents in Llay objected to the plans, saying the size of the development on land at Home Farm, Gresford Road, was too big. The application had been recommended for approval with planners saying it would make a "significant contribution" towards meeting future housing needs. But the planning committee threw out the plans amid cheers from the public. Answer: 365 new homes for Llay rejected by Wrexham councillors Question: By Branwen JeffreysEducation editor Large-scale change of public services is high-risk because so many people engage with them. There will be angry opposition from boroughs - some of them Tory-led - where schools are good. Already they're asking: where is the evidence that becoming an academy - independent, state-funded schools, which receive their funding directly from central government, rather than through a local authority - is a one-way ticket to better schools? Some flourish and excel, but others have failed. The first academies were schools in dire straits, the next big slice converted for cash, and a law to force underperforming or "coasting" schools has just gone through Parliament. Currently, 2,075 out of 3,381 secondary schools are academies, while 2,440 of 16,766 primary schools have academy status. Compelling good schools to go down the same road will prompt that age-old question: "if it's not broke, why fix it"? Innovation The case in favour is that it puts power to make decisions in the hands of head teachers - or rather the chief executives who now run chains of publicly-funded schools across England. There is more leeway for innovation, but for the moment that's been modest. Most still broadly follow the national curriculum. Schools are judged on highly centralised performance measures, such as pass rates in the core traditional subjects in the new English baccalaureate (a good GCSE in English, a language, maths, science and history or geography). The wriggle room for risk-taking and innovation is limited when head teachers are also looking over their shoulders at league tables and the next Ofsted inspection. None of this means interesting variety and innovation won't happen in the long term. There will be more schools that educate children from the age of 5 to 18 for example. That could increase the incentive at every stage to focus on children at every level of ability, rather than those who can be most easily helped over the hurdle of getting five good GCSEs. Osborne's plans will face some practical hurdles too. Where are the queues of sponsors who want to set up new multi-academy trusts in England? Many of the existing trusts will also be occupied in opening new schools to meet that other core government pledge of 500 extra free schools by 2020. A solution of some kind will also have to be found for schools that have expensive private finance initiative (PFI) payments at a time of tightening public finances. Unless some way of managing that cost is found, there could be some schools that no one wants to take on. Regional Schools Commissioners These plans will shift accountability for the quality of schools from locally elected councils to eight Regional Schools Commissioners in England. Most parents don't know of their existence, let alone who they are. Each will be responsible for overseeing thousands of schools and intervening where they are faltering. It's a tough job, and there have been questions about whether their decision-making process will be transparent and open. Multi-academy trusts will also have to keep on demonstrating that they are open to scrutiny. An investigation by the charity commission into one has yet to report. Another recently announced it was going to get rid of the role of local parent governors in individual schools. So will the gamble pay off? There is quite honestly no way of knowing, certainly not by the time of the next election. But these changes do mark a fundamental shift in the way publicly funded education is run and held to account in England. It's a big step away from the publicly funded and managed school services in every other part of the UK. Answer: Academy plan 'a huge political gamble' Question: The study, led by the University of Edinburgh, found that the condition reduced lifespans across all levels of society. Having type 2 diabetes lowered life expectancy by five and a half years for some people with the condition. The health records of three million people in Scotland were used to generate estimated life expectancies. About 5% of people in Scotland have diabetes, with type 2 making up 90% of cases. What is type 2 diabetes? Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition associated with obesity and family history and is more likely to be diagnosed in older people. It's more common than type 1 diabetes. It is caused by problems with controlling blood sugar levels - either because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or if a body's cells do not react to insulin as they should. The condition is treated by medication or controlling a person's diet. The records of 250,000 people with type 2 diabetes were analysed and compared with 2.8 million people without the chronic condition. The estimated life expectancies for people aged between 40 and 89 were then worked out. Across all social levels, women over the age of 40 and men aged 40-80 with type 2 diabetes were expected to have shorter lives. Only the life expectancies of men over 80 and from the most deprived areas were found not to be affected by the health condition. Sarah Wild, a professor in epidemiology (the study of health and disease across populations) at the University of Edinburgh, said: "Our study suggests that to improve life expectancy, we should encourage prevention and management for type 2 diabetes across all of society. "Although type 2 diabetes is a serious condition, healthy lifestyle choices can have a positive impact on management." Answer:	Type 2 diabetes 'lowers life expectancies'	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. The Scottish government plans the move as part of its new diet and obesity strategy to help people lose weight. Ministers also want to see the broadcast of TV adverts for unhealthy food banned before the 21:00 watershed. TV chef Jamie Oliver, a prominent campaigner for healthier eating, described it as "trailblazing" and urged the UK government to follow suit. He said: "This is an amazing step towards making sure the healthiest choice is the easiest choice - for everyone. "Today, Scotland has set an example to the rest of the world. It has picked up the baton that Westminster dropped last year. So, now the ball is back in the UK government's court. "We need to ensure everyone in Britain has a chance to raise their children in a healthy environment." Public health minister Aileen Campbell said obesity "significantly increases" the risk of developing conditions like diabetes, heart disease and depression. Ms Campbell launched a consultation on the plans at Tynecastle Stadium in Edinburgh, where she met participants in the Football Fans in Training programme. She later told MSPs that the government was putting forward "bold" measures which would "make a real, lasting difference to the country's health". These include plans to restrict price promotions on food and drink high in fat, sugar and salt in areas around visitor attractions and on routes to schools, and £40m of investment to deliver almost 100,000 "supported weight management interventions" for people with or at risk of type two diabetes. Ms Campbell also said that if the UK government did not commit to banning TV adverts for unhealthy food before the 21:00 watershed, the Scottish government would ask for powers to be devolved so it could do so itself. The SNP MSP said: "Simply put, it's harming the people of Scotland. It also puts pressure on the NHS, other public services and our economy. "That is why we need commitment and action from everyone across all sectors and at all levels including government, citizens, the public sector and businesses right across the country." Health and retail organisations broadly welcomed the consultation, alongside opposition parties. Cancer Research UK said it was "great to see a range of bold proposals" in the strategy, saying that Scotland has been "in the grip of an obesity epidemic for far too long". The British Medical Association Scotland said "ambitious" action was needed "across every part of society in Scotland if we are to successfully reduce levels of obesity in future years". The Scottish Grocers Federation said "clamping down on promotions" was "too blunt an instrument to really impact on consumer behaviour", but welcomed the consultation and said the key role retailers had to play would be reflected in their response. Scottish Conservative health spokesman Miles Briggs said efforts to tackle obesity "could not come soon enough", stressing the need to work across parties and portfolios to do so. Scottish Labour MSP Colin Smyth said the "obesity crisis is the single biggest public health challenge facing Scotland today", and said "bold, radical action is very much needed". The consultation on the diet and obesity strategy will run until the end of January 2018.	Scottish government crackdown on unhealthy food offers	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. Q: "Healthy foods are three times more expensive calorie-for-calorie than unhealthy foods so there's a very strong price differential in a typical basket," says Anna Taylor, executive director of the independent think tank Food Foundation. Vegetables are getting cheaper but, she says, there are people who "haven't got enough money to put food on the table, so for them, trying to secure 10 portions of fruit and veg a day in their diets would be impossible." The study by Imperial College London, calculated that increasing our fruit and veg intake to 10-a-day could prevent 7.8 million premature deaths each year. But currently only around a quarter of adults in the UK achieve the five-a-day target. The British Heart Foundation did a survey which found that a third of UK adults are struggling to afford to eat healthily. So is 10-a-day realistically affordable? "For some people it is," says Victoria Taylor, senior dietitian at the BHF. "But for others it would take some serious thought and commitment in terms of working out which fruit and vegetables will be affordable. But it's important to keep in mind that our target is five a day and this study found that the best effects were seen for people who are currently getting below this number. "The focus on 10 is, in a sense, moving the goalposts and it would be a shame if this put people off aiming for five, or even just having one more portion a day." The British Dietetic Association says: "What it tells us is that the benefits of eating fruit and vegetables are incremental - in other words eating five portions a day is great, but 10 a day is even better." So any improvement in your fruit and vegetable intake is a benefit. Victoria Taylor says cost is not the only reason we don't eat enough fruit and veg. "There are numerous factors that influence our food choice. Cost is important but so is taste, cooking skills, storage facilities and ability to get to and from the shops. It's hard to say how much is specifically due to the price of food as all of these issues are interrelated." Tips on buying fruit and veg Source: BHF and BDA The Food Foundation is hosting a conference in June bringing together businesses, farmers, retailers and government departments which aims to make it easier for people to eat vegetables. Some of the ideas they will be looking at are current pilots in America where if food stamps are spent on fruit and veg, they can be doubled in value so "you create a positive incentive for people to spend their vouchers on fruit and veg because you're giving them more value". Another scheme sees people who have early stage type 2 diabetes or are pre-diabetic being prescribed fruit and veg and getting vouchers to spend in local markets "to help them rethink their diets and get their diets on track". Why did we write this article? We asked BBC readers to send us their questions about the 10-a-day diet and then our health team wrote this piece to try to answer as many as possible. A lot of people asked about the cost implications of trying to achieve a 10-a-day diet. Gary asked: "Should fruit and vegetables be heavily subsidized by the government to encourage further consumption?" Gary explained to us the thinking behind his question: "Simple consumer habits dictate that people consume more of something when it is cheaper. I believe the same economic principle can be applied to fruit and vegetables. When people go shopping, they have to make the choice of what to buy, and usually, the best value items win." With concern over the cost of healthy eating, some have asked whether the government should subsidise fruit and veg? At the moment, the government has "measures in place to support low income families, pregnant women and children under four through Healthy Start Vouchers. These can be spent on milk, fresh or frozen fruit and vegetables." They also point out that all infant pupils can now get free school meals and they've announced £10m funding a year to expand breakfast clubs in up to 1,600 schools. Currently only 70% of those eligible get the healthy start vouchers and Anna Taylor says the Food Foundation will debate whether that programme should be expanded to include a broader income group or wider age range at its conference. As she points out, this "would create a positive pull of demand - and thereby help to strengthen the British horticulture sector at the same time." And she thinks in the post-Brexit world there is a big opportunity to help farmers. "Doesn't it make sense to join up our farming policy with our health policy and think about - could we increase consumer subsidies to really drive up demand so our horticulturalists benefit as well - it's win-win." "There are lots of different ways we could make it easier to eat veg - which go beyond price and much more about our whole food environment and to what extent fruit and veg is a strong part of that and encouraging us to eat it." She points out when you look at advertising only "1% of food and soft drink advertising spend goes on fresh veg". But she believes we need to change our whole way of thinking about fruit and veg and the messages we send - even down to children's TV where, she says, it is "demonised". "It's set against delicious and junk food or cream cakes, and fruit and veg is the yucky thing that kids don't want to eat. There's a bit of that subliminal stuff that happens in kids' TV because it's funny but it's kind of normalising that this is stuff that you don't want to be eating - so there's a job of work there beyond advertising, in broadcasting to try and not normalise that this is worthy but not tasty." A: Is the 10-a-day diet only for the wealthy? ** Q: Monmouth Comprehensive is phasing in the uniform from September and told parents they must purchase it from a preferred supplier. Some parents are angry at having to buy £20 trousers and £16 skirts from Trutex, rather than from cheaper shops. The school's stance is contrary to Welsh Government uniform advice. Monmouthshire council said the school consulted with the "whole school community over a lengthy period" as per government guidelines. Deputy head Andy Williams sent a letter to parents which said "sending students home (in line with Welsh Government guidance) is, of course, our last resort". The community Facebook page has received hundreds of comment from concerned parents. Paula Beddis Simpson wrote: "I am a single parent doing 2/3 jobs to make ends meet, it's totally unfair. As long as they are proper grey school trousers and pupils look smart, what is the problem?" Alex Watkins added: "It's not as if people are refusing to adhere to the uniform, just would like to choose where to buy trousers skirts and shirts. It's hardly unreasonable."' Year seven and sixth form pupils will be expected to wear a branded blazer and tie instead of the existing polo shirt and jumper, which the school says had become "tired, inconsistent and not fit for purpose". 'Some concern' Pupils in other years can change to the new uniform from September if they choose to or if their old uniform is in need of replacement Parents claim the new uniform will cost more than £100 if they are forced to buy from the supplier. The school said it would cost £97 for boys and £93 for girls. The Welsh Government says governing bodies should consider stipulating "basic items and colours but not styles so that items can be bought from retail chains at reasonable prices and not just from one supplier". The school, which will move to a new £33m building in 2018, has acknowledged "there has been some concern over the cost of trousers and skirts from our suppliers". My Williams wrote: "We trialled the use of barcodes for parents to buy cheaper (but often less ethically sourced) items from high street retailers. "But quickly found that codes and styles changed, allowing many students to create a very different style of uniform including tight, skinny jean type trousers and inappropriate skirts. "The school simply cannot keep pace with brand and style changes that will add to inconsistency in a school with over 1500 students." Council officer Will McLean said: "The design of school uniforms and the rules which apply to them are determined by school governing bodies." Pupils eligible for free school meals will receive free uniform items in their first year. A: Monmouth school's warning to parents in uniform row ** Q: The election went ahead despite Democrat calls for it to be postponed, or held by postal voting, owing to coronavirus fears. Justice Kelly is just the second incumbent state Supreme Court justice to be voted out since 1967. He had the support of President Donald Trump. Wisconsin is expected to be crucial in the presidential election in November. Former Vice-President Joe Biden will likely become the Democratic Party challenger to President Trump after his main rival Bernie Sanders dropped out and publicly endorsed him. The US is now the country worst hit by the coronavirus pandemic with 582,594 confirmed cases and 23,649 deaths. Wisconsin has recorded more than 3,400 coronavirus cases and 154 deaths. The Wisconsin Supreme Court vote - and the Democratic Party primary election - went ahead last week, after the same court blocked the governor's effort to postpone it to June. Voters braved long queues at a limited number of polling stations where some staff wore hazmat suits. Judges had ordered a delay in the publication of results to make sure absentee votes had arrived and been included in the count. "Despite the result, the fact that this in-person election took place was a searing loss for Wisconsin," said Ben Wikler, the chairman of the Wisconsin Democratic Party. "Wisconsin voters will not forget this travesty." Wisconsin was the first state in a month to hold a primary with in-person voting since stay-at-home orders swept the US due to the pandemic. The Badger state imposed its own lockdown on 25 March. All other states have postponed their primary season elections or moved entirely to postal votes while the country remains in the throes of its health emergency. Dane County Judge Jill Karofsky's win for the 10-year term reduces the conservative majority in the top court to 4-3. The court is expected to decide a case that seeks to purge more than 200,000 people from Wisconsin's voter rolls. The issue is sensitive in a state where presidential elections have been decided by fewer than 30,000 votes. Mr Trump won Wisconsin in 2016. A:	Wisconsin Democrat Jill Karofsky in Supreme Court election upset ****	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Detailed Instructions: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. Q: By Susie RackBBC News 'I'm reversing my diabetes' Retired couple Pauline and Robin Tarry, from Earlsdon, Coventry, go to some lengths to stalk their prey. They play Pokémon Go for up to five hours a day, walking about 30 miles (50km) a week, and regularly take part in so-called Community Days. "We've been out at silly o'clock, we've been down the road at 1am to go in for a "Gym", so we've had extra exercise," said Mrs Tarry, 65. Mr Tarry, who was diagnosed with diabetes five years ago, has lost three stone and is on the cusp of remission, which would mean stopping medication. "My blood sugars are almost at pre-diagnosis level," added the 63-year-old. "I'm pleased but I can't get complacent." The couple are now constantly on the look out for rare releases, even when on holiday. "It was a Community Day... we were on a Greek ferry in the middle of the sea. We put "incense" on in the hope that we could catch something and we did," said Mrs Tarry, describing the mist players can activate to draw monsters out. The hobby has introduced them to new friends, some of whom they met during "raids". "We always have a social drink every Christmas. Last year there was some new Pokémon out and there were like 20 of us sitting in the pub and there was a new [creature] we could see in the distance," said Mr Tarry, a former English teacher. "Everyone took their phones and left Pauline just guarding the drinks while they ran down. We caught the new one and then went back to the drinking." What is Pokémon Go? 'Now I want to go out' Matthew Gibson, the proud collector of more than 500 Pikachu soft toys, "didn't want to go out much" before Pokémon Go launched. "I was like, 'mum it's a bit windy,'... or, 'mum it's a bit rainy,'... I didn't even want to go out in the sun because there was nothing to do," said 26-year-old Mr Gibson, who has cerebral palsy and autism. But he was "fantastically excited" when the game was released and says it has led him to places he would never have explored otherwise. "I've [found] things in my neighbourhood that I didn't know were there. I even go to places like the parks and the castles so I can do Pokémon while mum and dad are looking around." Mr Gibson's support worker Millie Knight has helped him set up a club at Drapers Bar and Kitchen in Coventry, where disabled gamers can meet once a month and swap trading cards. "Quite a few people with autism like Pokémon... it's a nice environment, we turn the music down and people can either play together or play separately," said Ms Knight. "It does help people go out in the community. It's just a really social thing." 'I can play with my grandson again' A year ago, Lesley Morgan would struggle to play with her six-year-old grandson, Sam, because she was "full of aches and pains." Then the youngster twisted her arm to download Pokémon Go when he stayed at her house on the outskirts of Coventry for the weekend. "[At first] I couldn't catch a thing," said the 65-year-old council IT worker. "Now it's me saying to him 'come on let's go and do this'." With the added bonus of a PokéStop two doors from her house, the gaming habit soon became "very regular" for Ms Morgan. Rewards for travelling long distances motivated her to start walking to work, catching Pokémon en-route. She began clocking up more than 30 miles (50km) a week and reducing her dependence on an inhaler. "My asthma nurse is so pleased I've got lungs again. I can run for the bus and not feel like I'm going to die. I've also gone down about two dress sizes." Sam is now the one she has to persuade to keep playing. "Sometimes when he's with me he can walk up to 6 miles (10km). He says, 'Grandma can we go home now? You're walking my feet off.'" You may also be interested in: 'It gave us new friends' "I never expected that I would meet other people through playing this game," says Shawnna Pomeroy, who moved to her husband's native West Midlands from California five years ago. She initially started hunting Pokémon with her nine-year-old old twin boys and 14-year-old step-son "to get the kids out and off iPads". But the Coventry University worker's own love for the game soon took over. "I was visiting my parents in the States once and I saw a dragonite nearby which is pretty rare... it's like I was more embarrassed about going out to catch a Pokémon than if I had been doing a drug deal," she joked. During a Community Day in Coventry she and her sons met the Sindon family. Her boys later pestered her to catch up again with their new friend, Milo, but realised they hadn't swapped numbers. "We found their house on Google maps and knocked on the door - since then we have been fast friends," said Mrs Pomeroy. "There are friends outside of Pokémon that really lead on to something special," added Rebecca Sindon. Follow BBC West Midlands on Facebook, on Twitter, and sign up for local news updates direct to your phone. A:	'How Pokémon Go has changed my life'	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. Q: There is limited evidence the clothing helps people with eczema and dermatitis enough to justify prescribing it, a consultation document says. Officials are proposing ending the routine prescription of eight items under plans aimed at saving £68m a year. Others include an acne medication and diabetes products. The items, which are deemed to be of relatively low clinical effectiveness or to have cheaper options available for funding, are: Many prescribers will not be surprised by the recommendations and have already started phasing out some of the items. The health service in England spends more than £1.2m a year on prescriptions for silk garments, examples of which include silk baby bodysuits, infant leggings, children's pyjamas, gloves or tubular sleeves. In the case of the testing strips and needles, officials are proposing that GPs prescribe the cheaper versions of these products. It said there was a big variation in price, with strips ranging from £5 to £16 and needles costing between £4 and £30. NHS England has already ordered an end to the routine prescribing of 18 low-value items, including homeopathy treatments and over-the-counter products such as paracetamol and cough medicines. NHS England chief executive Simon Stevens said: "The NHS is one of the most efficient health services in the world but, as part of the long-term plan for the NHS, we're determined to make taxpayers' money go further and drive savings back into front-line care. "It is essential the NHS should not be paying for anything which has been proven to be ineffective or where there are safer or cheaper alternatives." The consultation comes ahead of GPs being issued with new guidance next week on gluten-free prescriptions. While patients can still receive bread and gluten-free baking mixes under NHS prescriptions, they are no longer eligible for other foodstuffs such as pizzas, cakes and biscuits, NHS England said. Officials added that the NHS began funding gluten-free food products in the late 1960s, when availability was limited, but now a wide variety of foods is available in supermarkets. The consultation will run for three months from 28 November 2018 until 28 February 2019, after which joint commissioning guidance is expected to be published by NHS England and NHS Clinical Commissioners. The National Eczema Society said it was "vital for people with eczema to have access to the right emollient products on prescription". A spokesman added: "We look forward to participating in the consultation." A: NHS crackdown on silk garment prescriptions ** Q: By Helen BriggsBBC Environment correspondent Experts say the "weird and wonderful" plants and fungi highlight the incredible diversity of species still to be found and documented. A third of the new species are orchids. But scientists were surprised to find six new British toadstools, including one growing near Heathrow Airport. The most unlikely discovery was a toadstool growing among trees beside a reservoir at Heathrow Airport, which was found by fungi expert Andy Overall. "It's reddish-brown, doesn't blow your socks off to look at, but it's a special thing," he told BBC News. Experts at Kew examined the specimen, and DNA studies later confirmed that it was new to science. He has named the toadstool, Cortinarius heatherae, after his wife Heather. Two more species were found in England, one at Devil's Dyke in Sussex and the other in woods near Barrow-in-Furness. Three new Scottish species were also identified; one at Caithness in the Highlands and two in the Black Wood of Rannoch. All six species belong to a prolific group of fungi, known as web caps because they are covered by a cap of threads resembling spiders' webs. The toadstools live in harmony with trees, helping the likes of oak, beech, birch and pine absorb water and nutrients. Kew expert Tuula Niskanen found two of the Scottish species, including Cortinarius aurae, which she named after her daughter, Aura. "You don't need to go to the Amazon or Africa to find new fungi, you can find them close to you," she told BBC News. "Even in London you can find new species." She said it was important to find and name new fungal species so that they can be better understood and protected. We have a "Stone Age" level of knowledge about fungi compared with that of plants and animals, she added. New plants and fungi are still being discovered around the world, at the rate of about 2,000 a year. Scientists at Kew and their collaborators have named and published scientific details of 156 species this year. Of these 27 are fungi, including six from the UK. Dr Martin Cheek, a senior scientist at Kew, said there has been a bumper list of incredible newly named species this year. "It's pretty sensational to have six new species to science from the UK and it would only ever happen with fungi because of the fungi on our planet we know such a minute proportion of them." A third of the new species are orchids. A total of 19 orchids were found on the island of New Guinea, which is a hotspot of biodiversity. Another orchid, with small, brown flowers, was found in a forest in Madagascar. Kew scientists described it as "the ugliest orchid in the world". Other discoveries by scientists at Kew include: Follow Helen on Twitter. A: 'World's ugliest orchid' tops list of new discoveries ** Q: By Leo KelionTechnology desk editor It follows a self-boarding trial carried out in partnership with EasyJet last year. The London airport said the technology should reduce queuing times but travellers would still need to carry passports. Privacy campaigners are concerned. On Tuesday, a spokeswoman for Gatwick told BBC News it had taken the decision, first reported by the Telegraph newspaper, after reviewing feedback from passengers in the earlier test. "More than 90% of those interviewed said they found the technology extremely easy to use and the trial demonstrated faster boarding of the aircraft for the airline and a significant reduction in queue time for passengers," she said. "Gatwick [is now planning] a second trial in the next six months and then rolling out auto-boarding technology on eight departure gates in the North Terminal when it opens a new extension to its Pier 6 departure facility in 2022." She added passengers would still need to pass through the bag-check security zone, at which point they would need to present a boarding pass. In addition, they would need to scan their passport at the departure gate for the system to be able to match the photo inside to their actual face. The process is similar to that already used at the ePassport arrival gates at some UK airports. But it differs from Gatwick's original test, where travellers scanned their faces at the luggage drop-off zone. Consent concerns That decision will limit Gatwick's ability to use facial recognition for other services. China's Chengdu Shuangliu airport, for example, recently installed a system that automatically presents travellers with up-to-date information about their flights when they walk up to a screen. This is made possible because visitors have to present their passports at an earlier stage. Even so, one civil liberties group is worried travellers might not realise they can opt out. "Our main concern... would be the issue of proper consent," said Ioannis Kouvakas, from Privacy International. "Placing general or vague signs that merely let individuals know that this technology is being deployed, once individuals are already inside the check-in area, is inadequate, in our view, to satisfy the strict transparency and consent requirements imposed by data-protection laws. "If this would apply to child travellers... it raises even more concerns, considering the special protection afforded to children's privacy and the risks associated with having their biometrics taken by the airport private entities." A spokeswoman for Gatwick said it had designed its use of the technology to be "compliant with all data protection law" and passengers would be able to choose to have their passports checked by human staff. "Our next passenger trial will take place in the next six months and no data will be stored - instead it will be held momentarily while the identity check takes place, only a matter of seconds," she said. Children under a certain age would need parental or guardian consent, she added, although Gatwick had still to determine what the cut-off point would be. A:	Gatwick Airport commits to facial recognition tech at boarding ****	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. Input: Consider Input: The Garden of Memories was built at Holmes Chapel Comprehensive School in Cheshire in tribute to 14-year-old pupil Nell Jones. She was one of 22 people who died in the attack on 22 May last year. Greater Manchester mayor Andy Burnham opened the garden saying "Nell will always be a part of Manchester". He placed a stone decorated with a bee, the symbol of Manchester, in a river of pebbles designed to allow people to leave their memories of Nell. Sam Jones said his sister would have been "astounded" and "overjoyed" by the memorial. He said: "The last 12 months have been incredibly difficult but being able to come and see this tangible piece of affection has really helped to carry us through." The 30-year-old said the garden "proves that out of great tragedy can come a beautiful creation". The school choir, which Nell had been a member of, sang You Raise Me Up and Hallelujah as the garden was officially opened. Freya Lewis, 15, who was injured in the attack after the Ariana Grande concert, was among those of Nell's friends who helped with the design. Mr Burnham said he was there to represent everybody in Greater Manchester "who are still in recovery from what happened". "But we were, as you saw, a place that came together and sent a message that in the end nothing will divide us. We will always be there for each other and in being here today I wanted to say to Nell's family we will always be there for you." He added: "Good things can come out of terrible events and this garden of remembrance for Nell is the tangible proof of that." The school's executive headteacher Mr Denis Oliver said the garden was "inspired by the loving memory of Nell Jones, but a garden for everyone". Output: Memorial garden for Manchester bomb victim Nell Jones opens Input: Consider Input: By Iain WatsonPolitical correspondent, BBC News But some members are unhappy with what they see as a possible power grab by some of the big unions who control 50% of votes at next week's conference. Discussions will focus on what changes are needed to the party's rules in order to implement proposals from the year-long democracy review. The conference will then vote to approve or reject them. There is a left-wing, pro-Corbyn majority on the National Executive Committee (NEC) but some issues have proved divisive even within the left. Momentum - the group set up to support Jeremy Corbyn's leadership - has been pushing for 'open' parliamentary selections. This would allow parliamentary hopefuls to compete against any sitting MP between general elections for any Labour nomination. But some unions - also under left-wing control - believe this would diminish their role in the process of choosing MPs. So I am told a compromise is being brokered. Currently for a sitting MP to be challenged, 50% of their local party branches have to agree - and that includes not just branches consisting of individual party members, but branches of 'affiliated' trade unions, too. In other words, those unions that pay for a link to the Labour Party such as Unite and the GMB. Under the compromise plan, a contest would be triggered if just 30% of union or party branches agree. So the existing system of selections would be reformed rather than swept away. Part of the union There has, however, been a further wrangle over the compromise. The democracy review was sold as a way of empowering the membership and some on the left are fearful that it will instead further empower trade union leaders. Some local trade union branches have very few members while many of the branches consisting of fully-paid up individual party members are much larger. So a relatively small number of trade unionists could trigger a re-selection contest since it would be much easier to get 30% of trade union branches to give the sitting MP the thumbs down than 30% of the (often much larger) membership branches. There had been talk of a further compromise - giving less weight to smaller union branches. On the latest information I have, it looks like this further proposal may have been dropped. One NEC member suggested privately that the "compromise" - rather than either protecting sitting MPs or giving members a much greater say - would in effect allow Unite chief Len McCluskey "to pick off whoever he wants". So even the "compromise" hasn't been agreed. Not knowingly undersold, one insider said "it could be war". Follow the leader There has also been a change to the initial proposal for selecting Jeremy Corbyn's eventual successor. What was floated at the last meeting of the NEC was a new system which would allow a candidate to get nominated with the backing of just 5% of MPs (the current threshold is 10%) so long as either 10% of local constituency parties, or 10% of unions, also nominated them. Today the NEC will discuss a new proposal - a future leader would require not only the support of 10% of MPs and local parties but would now also require the support of two trade unions that account for 5% of 'affiliated' members. Complicated as that is (and believe it or not, I have simplified the options) the upshot is that a leadership candidate wouldn't get on the ballot without the backing of some big unions. And some Momentum activists are complaining that this would skew power away from rank and file party members and are pledging to oppose it. Momentum has been pressing its members to deluge the NEC with emails calling for the leadership threshold to be reduced to 5% of MPs and for any compromise on parliamentary selections to be ditched. "Their phones are imploding under the weight of emails," one source said. The NEC is likely to be expanded to include, specifically, party members with disabilities and those from an ethnic minority background. But the proposal today is that these new places will be elected equally by unions and rank-and-file members, not just by the party membership alone. Local authority After the last NEC meeting, a Corbyn-sceptic told me he had "kicked into the long grass" a proposal that the leaders of local authority Labour groups would be elected by the wider membership and not just by councils. Well, someone has got the political lawnmower out, because it's back on the agenda now. And local government manifestos might be drawn up not by councillors but wider local government committees which include trade union nominees. Pretty vacant? Under the current system when an NEC place chosen by the members (the unions, councillors, shadow cabinet and MPs/MEPs have their own dedicated places) becomes vacant, the runner up in the annual elections is automatically promoted onto the NEC. I understand an NEC member is considering standing down and that would mean comedian Eddie Izzard (who wasn't supported by the left) would be elevated. But under proposals to be discussed today a by-election, seen as unnecessarily expensive by opponents, would be held in future - increasing the chance of a left-wing replacement A proposal to have existing NEC members choose amongst themselves who joins them has been dropped. Democracy is coming? Clearly there are plenty of issues still to be agreed, but whatever backroom deals are done, or compromises concluded, it's likely by the end of Labour conference that it will be easier to replace sitting MPs and that it's even more likely that someone on the left (not necessarily the so-called 'hard left') will replace Jeremy Corbyn when the time comes. And that the tension between a vision of a "members-led" party which Momentum has been advocating, and one where the big trade unions retain power, will continue. Output: Labour's democracy review - how democratic is it? Input: Consider Input: By James GallagherHealth and science correspondent, BBC News They focused on "night owls", whose bodies drive them to stay up late into the night. Techniques used included consistent bedtimes, avoiding caffeine and getting plenty of morning sunshine. The researchers say their approach may seem obvious, but could make an important difference to people's lives. Everyone has a body clock whose rhythms follow the rising and the setting of the sun. It is why we sleep at night. But some people's clocks run later than others. Morning-led "larks" tend to wake early, but struggle to stay up in the evening; night owls are the opposite, preferring a lie-in and remaining active late into the night. The problem for many night owls is fitting into a nine-to-five world, with the morning alarm waking you up hours before your body is ready. Being a night owl has been linked to worse health. Scientists studied 21 "extreme night owls" who were going to bed, on average, at 02:30 and not waking until after 10:00. Their instructions were to: After three weeks, people had successfully shifted their body clocks two hours earlier in the day, the analysis by the University of Birmingham, University of Surrey and Monash University showed. The results, in the journal Sleep Medicine, showed people still got the same hours of shut-eye. But they reported lower levels of sleepiness, stress and depression, while tests showed their reaction times also improved. "Establishing simple routines could help night owls adjust their body clocks and improve their overall physical and mental health," said Prof Debra Skene from the University of Surrey. "Insufficient levels of sleep and circadian [body clock] misalignment can disrupt many bodily processes, putting us at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes." One of the main cues the body uses for syncing with the passage of the sun is light - hence advice to expose the body to more during the day and less at night. Having inconsistent sleeping and waking times can also disrupt the body's internal clock (known as a circadian rhythm). The techniques deployed may seem like obvious sleep hygiene advice, but each is used to help train the body clock. What the researchers did not know was whether those hard-wired to sleep late would respond to the change of habits. "What isn't obvious is, when you have these extreme night owls, can you do anything about that?" Dr Andrew Bagshaw, from the University of Birmingham, told the BBC. "These are relatively simple things anyone can do that makes an impact, and that to me is surprising. "Being able to take a decent chunk of the population and help them feel better without a particularly onerous intervention is quite important." Follow James on Twitter.	Output: Night owls: Simple sleep tweaks boost wellbeing	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Q: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. The study, led by the University of Edinburgh, found that the condition reduced lifespans across all levels of society. Having type 2 diabetes lowered life expectancy by five and a half years for some people with the condition. The health records of three million people in Scotland were used to generate estimated life expectancies. About 5% of people in Scotland have diabetes, with type 2 making up 90% of cases. What is type 2 diabetes? Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition associated with obesity and family history and is more likely to be diagnosed in older people. It's more common than type 1 diabetes. It is caused by problems with controlling blood sugar levels - either because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or if a body's cells do not react to insulin as they should. The condition is treated by medication or controlling a person's diet. The records of 250,000 people with type 2 diabetes were analysed and compared with 2.8 million people without the chronic condition. The estimated life expectancies for people aged between 40 and 89 were then worked out. Across all social levels, women over the age of 40 and men aged 40-80 with type 2 diabetes were expected to have shorter lives. Only the life expectancies of men over 80 and from the most deprived areas were found not to be affected by the health condition. Sarah Wild, a professor in epidemiology (the study of health and disease across populations) at the University of Edinburgh, said: "Our study suggests that to improve life expectancy, we should encourage prevention and management for type 2 diabetes across all of society. "Although type 2 diabetes is a serious condition, healthy lifestyle choices can have a positive impact on management." A:	Type 2 diabetes 'lowers life expectancies'	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. By Lamia EstatieBBC News The outdoor gathering for residents was organised by the Syrian Adaleh Foundation, founded in 2012 to aid affected areas in rebel-held Eastern Ghouta. The group meals will run for the duration of the last 10 days of the Muslim fasting month of Ramadan. "We would have normally been cautious to host such events due to air strikes, but we are taking advantage of the latest de-escalation deal," an official from the humanitarian foundation's Turkey bureau told the BBC. Food prices in Syria are hugely inflated due to the conflict. The food for the Iftar - the meal when Muslims end their daily fast during Ramadan - was prepared in other parts of Eastern Ghouta and brought into Douma, which has been besieged for four years, the official said. Last month, an aid convoy entered the town for the first time since October 2016. The rebel-held suburb of Douma is controlled by the rebel group Jaysh al-Islam, and has repeatedly been attacked by Syrian government forces with air strikes and barrel bombs in the last few years. One resident of the town who attended the mass Iftar said several hundred people were present and that they previously would have had such meals "hidden in mosques, fearing strikes". "I don't know how emotionally confused I would be if I were in the shoes of anyone inside, " said a Syrian medical technologist who tweeted the photos, calling the scene "Life despite death today in Douma." You might also like: One Twitter user dubbed the meal an "Iftar of heroes". "Despite the difficult circumstances, these people hang on to life and teach lessons in perseverance," another added. Prominent Syrian journalists, including Turkey-based Hadi Abdallah and London-based Mousa al-Omar wished good health to those breaking fast, sharing the images which gained thousands of reactions online. Several accounts indicated some of the children in attendance were Syrian orphans. By the UGC and Social News team You can follow BBC Trending on Twitter @BBCtrending, and find us on Facebook. All our stories are at bbc.com/trending. Syrian town breaks Ramadan fast with Iftar among rubble By Gemma HandyZorg-En-Vlygt, Essequibo Coast, Guyana The bright welcoming venue, framed by rice paddies, looks the picture of pastoral contentment. But behind its creation lies an unsettling reality. This upbeat community centre was built to address the devastating number of suicides both here on the scenic Essequibo Coast - and in Guyana itself, which holds the dubious distinction of the highest suicide rate in the world. World Health Organization figures claim 44.2 in every 100,000 Guyanese take their own lives, compared to a global average of 16. Shining a light on suicide The Guyana Foundation, the charity behind the Sunrise Center in Zorg-En-Vlygt, has been integral in dragging the phenomenon into the national conversation in a country where stigma surrounding mental health issues has long hindered efforts to alleviate them. A lack of adequate mainstream facilities and woefully outdated legislation - which still defines patients as "idiots" suffering "derangement" - are just some of the obstacles, says the centre's managing director Anthony Autar. Attempted suicide is still technically illegal in Guyana, carrying a custodial sentence of two years, although measures are under way to decriminalise it. "When considering mental health issues, we also look at people's ability to contribute to society," Mr Autar tells the BBC. "Learning a skill like catering or floral arrangement can improve their sense of worth and outlook for the future." Dress-making, tie-dye and yoga are also among the free courses open to the public at the facility which launched operations in June, ahead of its official October 29 opening. "We often find people who come here are isolated and don't have many strong connections. We encourage students to build friendships with each other; those relationships can help save someone's life if they're feeling suicidal," Mr Autar adds. Attendees are routinely invited to complete questionnaires assessing their emotional wellbeing and are informed about the free counselling services offered. It's part of a proactive approach to tackle depression, anxiety and low self-esteem, and remove stigma by teaching people such feelings "are as common as diabetes", says counsellor Haimraj Hamandeo. Participants are predominantly aged 25 to 45, and 75% are female. "Females are more open to assistance," Mr Hamandeo continues. "They're also more likely to attempt suicide; men are more likely to be successful at it." Opinion on just why Guyana tops the global suicide list is divided. A panel discussion organised by the University of Guyana to mark World Suicide Prevention Day in September cited relationship issues, political upheavals, poverty and high crime as contributory factors. Indo-Guyanese account for 80% of suicides, despite making up just 40% of the population in the six-race nation. Most are aged 15 to 34, with almost four men to each female. Poisoning by agricultural pesticides accounts for 65% of cases while one in five is by hanging. For each successful suicide, there's up to 25 more attempted cases, says Dr Bhiro Harry, head of psychiatry at Georgetown Public Hospital. "Many Indo-Guyanese are farmers so they have easy access to lethal pesticides," he explains. "Culturally, Indo-Guyanese folks are 'babied'. For example, I have three children in their 20s all living at home; I still make my son's breakfast every morning. Afro-Guyanese tend to have less close families and are taught to be strong and resilient." Conversely, social science lecturer Paulette Henry thinks "broken families" is a prime cause. After being personally touched by suicide when a close friend killed himself, she testifies to the emotions affecting those left behind too. "I dealt with anger, pain, a sense of loss and guilt," she says, "as a social worker I felt I should have recognised the signs." Public Health Minister Dr George Norton describes Guyana's existing national psychiatric hospital as "not fit for human consumption". He told the BBC mental health was his "personal priority" and that a national suicide prevention plan was currently being devised. That includes training additional psychiatrists and the creation of a psycho-social rehabilitation venue. Back at the Sunrise Center, Mr Hamandeo says engagement in "productive" activities had seen great successes. "Often people find an ability they didn't know they had. You see a change in the way they communicate, the way they greet you, their extra energy." That is music to the ears of centre founder Supriya Singh Bodden who must raise $3,500 (£2,850) a month from donations to run the facility - and plans to establish more across the country. "I got so depressed reading about the suicides every day, I just wanted to bring some hope into communities suffering poverty and lack of opportunity," she explains. "If we can touch people's lives in a positive way so they want to live to see another sunrise, then we have achieved something." How Guyana is trying to combat its high suicide rate His campaign said his family had years ago painted over an entrance stone that once displayed the name, Niggerhead, at the rented West Texas camp. But the Texas governor was heavily criticised by rival Republican nominee Herman Cain, who is African American. Mr Perry is a leading contender for the Republican nomination for president. The Perry campaign did not deny that the term was used as a name for the property, but said it was changed soon after Mr Perry's father joined a lease that gave him hunting rights there in 1983. 'Vile, negative word' "The word written by others long ago is insensitive and offensive. That is why the Perrys took quick action to cover and obscure it," campaign spokesman Ray Sullivan said in a statement. "The Perrys did not own, name or control the property. They simply rented hunting rights to 1,000 acres of the ranch." But the Washington Post, which reported the story on Sunday, was told by several people that the name was still visible at points during the 1980s and 90s. It also reported that as recently as this summer the word was still faintly visible under a coat of white paint. The land - leased by Mr Perry's father, and later by Mr Perry - was the site of hunting and fishing getaways where the Texas governor entertained lawmakers and supporters. It is not far from Mr Perry's boyhood home in the community of Paint Creek. Governor Perry had not visited the property since December 2006, Mr Sullivan said. But Herman Cain told Fox News Sunday: "[There is] no more vile, negative word than the N-word. "And for him to leave it there as long as he did, before I hear that they finally painted it over is just plain insensitive to a lot of black people in this country." Perry aides sought to defuse the racially charged issue by saying that the Texas governor had a long record of inclusiveness and had appointed the first African-American head of the Texas Supreme Court. But veteran civil rights campaigner Al Sharpton told the Politico news website: "How can someone who would seek the highest office in the land be so insensitive to the implications of that name?" Mr Perry became the frontrunner in the Republican field after declaring his candidacy in August, but correspondents say his lead is fragile. He was widely criticised over his suggestion that it would be "treasonous" if Federal Reserve chairman Ben Bernanke printed more money in an effort to boost the struggling US economy. He then angered many Republicans when he said in a recent TV debate that anyone who opposed his policy as Texas governor of giving in-state tuition to illegal immigrants' children was heartless. At the weekend, Mr Perry again raised eyebrows when he said that if elected president, he would consider sending US troops to Mexico to combat drug-related violence.	Republican Rick Perry in hunting lodge race row	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. Example Input: By Matthew PriceBBC News Phase one of The Coldest Journey expedition - which aims to raise millions of pounds in donations for the Seeing is Believing charity to tackle avoidable blindness - begins later when the icebreaker SA Agulhas sets off from the River Thames. The journey from a wintry Thames to the ice shelf of Antarctica will take just over a month. During their sea voyage, team members will obtain data on marine life, oceanography and meteorology. On Thursday afternoon, after a suitable send off, the SA Agulhas will weigh anchor and slip beneath Tower Bridge on its way to the world's coldest continent. The expedition force is led by the man known as the world's greatest living explorer - 68-year-old Sir Ranulph Fiennes. It's an expedition that's been in the planning stages for years, Sir Ranulph says on the bridge of the ship, while looking at a map of his route. "The idea came up about four-and-a-half years ago. We started approaching the Foreign Office for permission to go and we finally got it 10 days ago." Aboard the SA Agulhas is a giant crane. It will be used to lift some 200 tonnes of equipment onto the ice of Antarctica. It consists of three huge industrial sledges - each with a modified shipping container placed on top. Inside two of them are living quarters, and supplies. In the third, a science lab. Behind these there'll be another 14 smaller sledges, each transporting fuel. That will power the two bulldozers that have been specially re-equipped for this expedition, in the hope they can drag the entire team across 2,000 miles of some of the world's most inhospitable terrain. In front of this whole procession, two skiers will lead the way, pulling a small ground-penetrating radar system that will help them locate crevices. That will be crucial if they are to make it across. The expedition proper - from the Russian base of Novolazareskaya to the Ross Sea - is due to begin on 21 March and is expected to take six months. "The vehicles are a bigger potential problem than the people," believes Sir Ranulph. "Minus 80 could be damaging to lung tissue when you're breathing while skiing." But he says that, "in the vehicles you have steel and rubber which don't like minus 70 - never mind when they're towing everything - so there is an unpredictable element there". To get Foreign Office permission to go to Antarctica they had to prove they could be self-sufficient. That's why the vehicles must be used to tow everything they might possibly need. In the Antarctic winter there's no way of being rescued. "That means everything from vehicle spares down to a toothbrush," says Brian Newham, who'll be on the team crossing the continent, and who's also been organising the gear for the expedition. He's even been counting the number of sheets on a toilet roll. "We're taking 165 rolls. That's one for all of us for every 2.25 days," he says. Is that enough? "I'd better have it right," he smiles. Everything they take with them will be removed from the ice at the end of the expedition. Including the human waste. There's enough food for each of the six-person team to last 365 days if it's necessary. They hope it won't be. The food consists of specialist dried fruits, sports nutrition products, and normal dried foods like lasagne. They can't take tins with them as they'd freeze and burst. "I can't say I think we can make it," admits Sir Ranulph. "I don't know it's possible - it's rather like the Americans when they went to the moon. Was it possible? They didn't know." Example Output: Sir Ranulph Fiennes' 'coldest journey' begins Example Input: By Deborah Cohen & Jake MorrisBBC Newsnight A study by Sheffield council shows people in low-paid jobs, with insecure contracts, who couldn't afford to isolate have been hardest hit by the disease in the city. The council split its population into 10 income brackets, from the wealthiest to the most deprived, and looked at Covid case rates in each group. While the rates were generally greater among the less well-off, they were highest of all in the third income group, rather than the poorest or second poorest. "The impact is really on the working poor," said Sheffield's director of public health, Greg Fell. This group is "most likely to be low paid", on insecure contracts and unable to afford to isolate. "Transmission in that group of people is much higher," said Mr Fell. Patrick Meleady recognises the impact first-hand, from his work with a food bank in east Sheffield. "People here work in factories, are care workers, bus drivers and taxi drivers," said Mr Meleady. "So they're on the front line having an interaction," he said. "If you're in another area and you're more affluent and you've got a different career path, you're going to remove yourself from that [risk of Covid]." The findings are supported by further research carried out by Sheffield City Council, which mapped Covid case rates as they spread across the urban population in the first wave. The mapping, in the animated video below, shows that at the start, cases appeared among people living in the wealthier west of the city, driven perhaps by those returning from half-term ski trips. It then spread and remained stubbornly embedded in the poorer east. By the end of June, as national case numbers plummeted and England emerged from its first lockdown, the majority of new positive cases were confined to the most deprived area of the city. These poorer areas have continued to experience high rates of Covid in the second wave too. The fact the disease has affected poorer areas more than wealthy ones in the UK has been well recorded. Work by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) shows those living in the most deprived neighbourhoods are more than twice as likely to die from Covid as those in the least deprived. But Greg Fell is "surprised by the starkness" of what the council found in Sheffield. "It was always going to be something that was only unevenly or unequally split," he said. It's not just jobs that play a role in Covid risks. Poor housing has been known as a factor for some time. A recent study of housing conditions looked at how the number of people living in a house, and the number of rooms, affected Covid risk. The research, run by University College London's Virus Watch team, found a clear link. Overcrowded households "had twice the risk of coronavirus infection compared to people living in un-crowded households," said Prof Rob Aldridge who runs the study. The high verses low income split in Covid cases is consistent with existing differences in health in Sheffield. The difference in life expectancy can be as much as 20 years, says Dr Jennie Joyce, a GP working in the city. And existing illnesses, such as diabetes and heart disease, may mean people getting sicker from Covid. She's not surprised by the impact. "I think we did know that on the ground. It just wasn't coming down from the top," she said. A report prepared by Sheffield's Citizens Advice Bureau shows those who were already struggling pre-Covid are in a worse position now. It cites factors including not being able to travel to cheaper food shops and higher heating and lighting costs from being at home, and it warns the poor have got into greater debt. Gulnaz Hussain, who works at Firvale Community Hub, says money is always tight for people in the nearby area. And when work is always uncertain for many in the city, Covid can feel like one more thing "We have community and community resilience, and being able to know how to cope in difficult situations," says Ms Husain. "This is just another one of those risks." Watch Deborah Cohen's report for Newsnight on BBC iPlayer (UK only). Example Output: Covid: The 'working poor' are hardest hit, Sheffield study finds Example Input: Linda YuehChief business correspondent He now believes that it'll take another year - at the end of the 2015 financial year, which is March 2016 - before Japan sees consumer prices rise by 2%. Nearly two years ago in April 2013, Mr Kuroda vowed to do whatever it took to achieve the 2% inflation target. The latest figures from November show that the targeted core CPI inflation, which strips out volatile items like food, is just 0.7%, having plunged since last April. It's been dragged down by oil prices which have fallen by about 50% since their peak in the summer. The drop in CPI led to the BOJ pledging to inject more cash to the tune of more than $700bn a year to meet its inflation target and end 15 years of deflation, or price falls. Mr Kuroda says that because Japan imports pretty much all of its energy needs, oil prices are the reason for why the inflation target is not likely to be hit in April. However, he expects that growth will pick up and thus the target looks likely to be hit in another year's time. When I asked if wage rises were required in order to sustain any price increases, he agreed and said to look to the spring wage negotiations between unions and businesses. Mr Kuroda also said that he looked at the output gap - the difference between potential and actual output - which is small. He believes that Japan is pretty much at full employment. With a low unemployment rate, he expects economic growth to lead to bigger wage rises. So, is Abenomics working to raise growth? Mr Kuroda said that structural reforms would take time. And that indeed is what the central bank is buying for the Abe government. But, it alone can't do the heavy lifting - a theme that's heard frequently at Davos, especially as the European Central Bank has today announced that it will also inject cash to try to combat deflation and boost growth. It would do well to heed the lessons of the BOJ in that QE alone is unlikely to deliver all that an economy needs to be revived. Example Output:	Japan to be year late in hitting inflation target	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. As part of its Healthy Visions series, Radio 4 invited five leading practitioners and thinkers to share their prescriptions for the future of healthcare. How does our approach need to change, if the National Health Service is to cope with future demand? Dr Michael Dixon: Do I need the Doctor? GP Dr Michael Dixon chairs the NHS Alliance, and advises the College of Medicine. "Patients are the renewable energy resource of the health service. We've got to start seeing ourselves as the creators of health - individually and collectively - and not just passive recipients of whatever the professionals want to give us. "We don't take health as seriously as disease. We focus too much on the operations on the hearts and limbs and eyes for diabetics many years down the road, or gastric banding for the overweight. We've got to start preventing those patients needing those interventions in the first place. "I run what you might call a one-stop shop. So we've not only got conventional GP and community services, but also complementary services, a cafe, pharmacy and voluntary sector services. "We concentrate on health in every sense, caring for patients when they need it, but enabling them to look after themselves and live better and happier lives whenever we can. I'd like to reinvent the GP practice as a club where - with minor or self-limiting illnesses - we help each other to help ourselves, rather than use professional resources unnecessarily. "No one expects their next door neighbour to be looking after their cancer or heart disease, but if we continue to spend as much NHS money as we do at present on things which could have been prevented, or don't actually need high tech input, then we will make the health service bankrupt and we won't have one tomorrow." Dr Charles Alessi: The Patient in Charge GP Dr Charles Alessi is co-chairman of the National Association Of Primary Care, and a senior adviser to Public Health England. "The current healthcare system is on the verge of a revolution that will make our current ways seem as quaint as the horse and cart. "More and more patients are taking control of their health. Patients regularly come to my surgery with a sheaf of internet printouts revealing their diagnosis and their suggestions for treatment. "We can utilise this willingness to create a better healthcare system for us all. "Other forms of digital technology can also empower patients. For people who have a single long- term condition like diabetes, there are already smartphone apps which advise how to alter your insulin dosage, or even change your medication. "In my vision, patients will carry their own medical records from practitioner to practitioner, demanding that care is carried out in convenient places such as pharmacies and supermarkets. Procedures like chemotherapy and dialysis will be delivered in the community or at home - not at a huge building we call a hospital. "This may sound somewhat scary: next it'll be robots diagnosing and treating our illnesses. But the use of technology is to empower. It isn't to replace the doctor. It doesn't mean that face-to-face human interaction forged over the long-term is threatened. It is just different and more tailored to the individual. "None of this will happen effortlessly. The change in the doctor - from the person in charge to an advocate and mentor through life-long illnesses - will not be easy. No doubt there will be resistance in places, and we will make some mistakes. "But the days of the patient being subordinate to a great monolithic system are coming to an end." Dame Carol Black: Wellness at Work Dame Carol Black is a former president of the Royal College of Physicians, and led two independent reviews for government about health in the workplace. "We often think of the workplace as just where we go to do our job. But the workplace is more than that. It has the potential to be a place where you can improve your health. It can be a place to promote health - both physical and mental - and a place where you can improve well-being. "There are good business cases now showing that investing in the health and well-being of staff is really investing in productivity, investing in being more profitable; and we've got lots of cases where we can show that. The business case has been proven. "Good management requires that you listen to people. Even if you are a small company, there are many little things that don't require lots of money. You can take advantage of free smoking cessation classes. You can introduce a lunchtime walking club. You might have a yoga session at the end of the day. "Our NHS is so busy dealing with people who are ill that it is very difficult to spend a lot of time and energy on prevention. As we're living longer, we're expected to work longer, so all of these things are an additional pressure, and it's really important for the workplace to play its part. "Then I believe we will access our health service less, we will be healthier, and we will be a saving and a gain to the NHS." Prof John Ashton: Healthier Homes Prof John Ashton is president of the Faculty of Public Health. "I'm very interested in how we live as we get older. Health and housing are indivisible. They are also indivisible from living in a good, supportive neighbourhood. "In 1948, when the health service was founded, the Department of Health was the Department of Health and Housing. "How can we reconnect these two important areas to make it possible for people who are living longer to live a full life in the community? "A new generation of better designed and more attractive homes for the elderly would provide a healthier living environment for many who currently live alone in homes that are too large and insufficiently adapted to their needs. "A return to the 'almshouse' model would provide a supportive environment, free from the isolation and the mental health problems which loneliness can cause. "It could also help alleviate the housing crisis for younger people trying to buy their first home. "As we contemplate all those baby boomers reaching 85 in less than 20 years, we have time to plan and get it right. "But it's time we got on with it." Nigel Crisp: A Health-Creating Society Lord Crisp was chief executive of the NHS between 2000 and 2006. He is an independent member of the House of Lords, and co-chairs the All Party Parliamentary Group on Global Health. "The election of a new government is a great opportunity to change the direction and the mood for health provision in the UK. "The World Health Organisation got it right when it said 'modern societies actively market unhealthy lifestyles'. We need to turn this round so we're creating healthy lifestyles. "The NHS was a great coming together of everyone involved in health services to deliver healthcare to the whole population. We need all those parts of society that affect health to come together into a new compact. And we need to be explicit about this everywhere in the country. "We need to release the NHS and the remarkable people in it to create a long-term plan for transition. There is already remarkable consensus about what needs to be done, and we need a transition fund to support development and the double running of services as changes are made. "There's a wonderful African saying: 'health is made at home, hospital is for repairs'. Health is made at home, and in our communities. "The NHS - with all the important services we all rely on - will only be sustainable if we all play our part in developing a health-creating society. "We do know how to do it. It's time to act." The final part of Healthy Visions will be broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on Friday 3 April at 13:45 BST. You can listen to the rest of the series now on the BBC Radio 4 website.	Five prescriptions to transform the NHS	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. [Q]: Yousef Makki, from Burnage, died after being attacked in Gorse Bank Road, Hale Barns, near Altrincham, on Saturday. A 17-year-old boy, who cannot be named for legal reasons, appeared at Manchester Youth Court charged with murder and possession of a lock knife. He was remanded in custody to appear at Manchester Crown Court on Thursday. Another boy, also 17, who is charged with assisting an offender and possession of a blade, has been bailed to appear at the youth court on 28 March. Manchester Grammar School, where Yousef was studying for his A-levels, said he was a "dearly loved, incredibly bright pupil". He is thought to have won a scholarship to attend the £12,000 a year independent school and dreamed of becoming a heart surgeon. [A]: Yousef Makki stabbing: Teen in court on murder charge [Q]: Remotely-piloted aircraft will be searching a large area of the Channel, from Eastbourne to Margate. The flights are for "the purpose of national security and protection of human life", the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) said. The Home Office said it was working to identify the "most effective" ways to "tackle small boat crossings". More than 1,700 people have crossed the Channel since the government declared a "major incident" on 28 December 2018. The airspace restrictions came into force on 2 December and last until 31 March next year. The CAA said aircraft can only enter the "temporary danger areas", which can be put in place with less than 24 hours' notice, after being cleared by air traffic control. They are limited to 1,200ft above sea level and will not affect commercial passenger planes, the CAA said. The Home Office declined to say who would be operating and providing the drones, which will fly from Lydd Airport. It said the government was working with "partner agencies" to "make use of available assets". In June, former immigration minister Caroline Nokes told Parliament the UK had "recently delivered drones and other surveillance equipment to France, enabling their law enforcement officers to intercept and disrupt attempted crossings". [A]: Drones monitor south coast of England for migrant boats [Q]: Teraina Hird was 67 when she transitioned. She did so privately in Thailand after being told she'd need to wait 18 months just for her first NHS appointment. It was a daunting process. "If you're 25, you've got your whole life in front of you, but at 67 do you want to spend three years in transition?" she says. But Teraina, now 72, was sure of her decision and went ahead: "I felt I couldn't live with my body not matching my brain gender." Referrals to the UK's seven gender identity clinics is growing by 20% each year, and the NHS is struggling to keep up with demand. Older people like Teraina are often in a hurry to transition after a lifetime of hiding their true gender identity. Famously, Caitlyn Jenner appeared on the cover of Vanity Fair after transitioning at 65. In the UK, former boxing promoter Kellie Maloney recently announced that her gender reassignment was complete at the age of 62. Find out more Cat McShane's report on gender transition and the over-60s was broadcast on Newsnight Watch the Newsnight report on BBC iPlayer But age-related health conditions can also delay the process. On the eve of 62-year-old Dawn's final surgery to transition to female last year, a heart condition was discovered and her operation was pushed back. "The moment I was sent home before the operation was one of the worst days of my life," she says. "For the first time in a long time I wanted to take my own life." Older patients are more likely to have picked up conditions along the way, says Dawn's surgeon James Bellringer, who has performed more than 1,000 male-to-female gender reassignment operations. "You're more likely to find someone with diabetes or a significant heart problem or a significant chest problem than if you are operating on someone in their 20s," Bellringer says. There are emotional dangers, too. Many older transgender people tried to cover up their feelings at a younger age by having marriages and children, and run a high risk of being cut off by family when they finally come out in their 60s or 70s. Nearly half of transgender people with children have no contact with them. Dawn's son, Lee, 32, is today supportive of his dad's transition from Dave. But when he was first told four years ago, Lee was deeply shocked. "I didn't know what transgender was," he says. "I never felt comfortable talking to any of my friends about what was happening with my dad. I felt like a freak." Dawn recalls more positive experiences with her daughter, who oversaw Dawn's first forays into the world of ladies' fashion and make-up. "It was a complete role reversal. I realised I was being told by my daughter, like an adolescent, to get changed into something more suited to my age," Dawn says. For partners too, transitioning places a huge strain on the relationship. Many marriages fail. Jane and Barbara's 28-year marriage survived. Barbara first discovered her husband John was cross-dressing 20 years ago, finding unknown women's clothes in their wardrobe. She was convinced John was having an affair. Relieved at the truth, they agreed John could dress as a woman in private. "It may seem strange but it brought us closer together, it was our secret," Barbara said. However, John's permanent transition to Jane four years ago placed a strain on the relationship. Barbara - a founding member of Beaumont Partners, a support group for the spouses and partners and an offshoot of transgender group The Beaumont Society - was forced to question her own identity. "It was very confusing, one thinks one isn't feminine enough or attractive enough," Barbara says. But after she took time to explore her feelings she "realised it was nothing to do with me, it was Jane who needed to be her real self". Most NHS Trusts require people to live in their new gender for at least two years before being referred for surgery. That period can be difficult, especially if done while working. Teraina and her partner Anna May Booth, who's 68, both suffered workplace discrimination, but at an age when it was too late to start their careers anew. Anna says she was bullied by her line manager and lost half her pension because she retired 10 years early. Teraina was forced to sell her successful engine business. Customers dropped off as she wore more female attire, and she wrote to the local paper to explain the situation, hoping they'd return. Unfortunately, a national newspaper picked the story up and ran it under the headline "Mechanic loses nuts and customers bolt," after which the business quickly floundered. She sold it for a fraction of what it was worth. However, the UK 2010 Equality Act was pivotal for some older transgender people, as it offered a greater range of protections for people at work. One person who took advantage of this was Jane, who's 66 - once a headteacher called John who had feared being found out by neighbours and colleagues across a lifetime of cross-dressing. Jane recalls reading the document and being astonished - "the law protects me" - and began her transition. Despite the medical challenges, Bellringer believes age should not be a barrier. "In terms of cost effectiveness this is possibly the best operation the NHS does," he said. "Even in a 70-year-old, you've got 15 years of significantly improved quality of life." And regardless of the challenges, there is an enormous amount of positivity from people transitioning at a later stage of life, who are happy to be living out their final years in their true gender identities. "I really thought at times I was too old to transition, but the older I got the more determined I became," said Anna. "I'm so glad I did it." More from the Magazine A guide to transgender terms (June 2015) Tennis's reluctant transgender pioneer (June 2015) The story of two transgender children (April 2015) Cat McShane's report on gender transition and the over-60s was broadcast on Newsnight - watch it on BBC iPlayer Subscribe to the BBC News Magazine's email newsletter to get articles sent to your inbox. [A]:	The challenges of being transgender and over 60	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Teacher: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example: But Eluned Morgan conceded that it would be "difficult for us to stop" from a legal point of view. Her comments were criticised by a Labour AM. Alun Davies said threatening legal action "sounds like the last breath before you're thrown out of the pub". Mr Davies said he was not convinced the Welsh Government would "have a leg to stand on" in trying to shape international trade deals after Brexit. Following Donald Trump's comments during last week's trade visit that the NHS would be "on the table" in any future trade talks between the UK and the USA, Eluned Morgan said there was "absolutely no prospect whatsoever of us allowing the Welsh NHS to be part of any negotiation." The US President then rowed back on his initial comments following criticism from a number of MPs. Asked about her response to President Trump's remarks as she gave evidence to the Assembly's Brexit committee on Monday, Ms Morgan said "legally, it would be difficult for us to stop because we don't have a veto over trade". "Politically, I think it's extremely unlikely to happen," the international relations and the Welsh language minister said. "They [the UK Government] should not be concluding any trade agreements without consulting us where we have the power." Ms Morgan explained that UK and Welsh government officials are working on an agreement or 'concordat' for how future trade deals are negotiated. During a robust exchange, the Labour AM Alun Davies said: "I want something which is in law to which I can hold you to account and which colleagues in Westminster can hold the UK Government to account. "The argument we'll make life difficult for them, it sounds alright on the street, but it's not the reality of intergovernmental relations." "The United Kingdom has to find a way of functioning. "At the moment, your answers aren't giving me any confidence that there is that structure in place because, if the Welsh Government's argument is, 'we'll see you in court', it's not a very impressive argument either for the continuation of the structure of United Kingdom as a state or the commitment of the government within the United Kingdom to actually work together," he added. Responding to the criticism, Ms Morgan said: "Is the current intergovernmental structure adequate? "Absolutely not... and it's not just in relation to trade, it's in relation to almost every aspect of government policy. So, that infrastructure needs to be built." Solution: NHS Wales: Court action if trade deals affect service? Reason: The output phrase is the appropriate title for the given text and it highlights the essence of the passage. Now, solve this instance: By James GallagherHealth and science correspondent, BBC News They focused on "night owls", whose bodies drive them to stay up late into the night. Techniques used included consistent bedtimes, avoiding caffeine and getting plenty of morning sunshine. The researchers say their approach may seem obvious, but could make an important difference to people's lives. Everyone has a body clock whose rhythms follow the rising and the setting of the sun. It is why we sleep at night. But some people's clocks run later than others. Morning-led "larks" tend to wake early, but struggle to stay up in the evening; night owls are the opposite, preferring a lie-in and remaining active late into the night. The problem for many night owls is fitting into a nine-to-five world, with the morning alarm waking you up hours before your body is ready. Being a night owl has been linked to worse health. Scientists studied 21 "extreme night owls" who were going to bed, on average, at 02:30 and not waking until after 10:00. Their instructions were to: After three weeks, people had successfully shifted their body clocks two hours earlier in the day, the analysis by the University of Birmingham, University of Surrey and Monash University showed. The results, in the journal Sleep Medicine, showed people still got the same hours of shut-eye. But they reported lower levels of sleepiness, stress and depression, while tests showed their reaction times also improved. "Establishing simple routines could help night owls adjust their body clocks and improve their overall physical and mental health," said Prof Debra Skene from the University of Surrey. "Insufficient levels of sleep and circadian [body clock] misalignment can disrupt many bodily processes, putting us at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes." One of the main cues the body uses for syncing with the passage of the sun is light - hence advice to expose the body to more during the day and less at night. Having inconsistent sleeping and waking times can also disrupt the body's internal clock (known as a circadian rhythm). The techniques deployed may seem like obvious sleep hygiene advice, but each is used to help train the body clock. What the researchers did not know was whether those hard-wired to sleep late would respond to the change of habits. "What isn't obvious is, when you have these extreme night owls, can you do anything about that?" Dr Andrew Bagshaw, from the University of Birmingham, told the BBC. "These are relatively simple things anyone can do that makes an impact, and that to me is surprising. "Being able to take a decent chunk of the population and help them feel better without a particularly onerous intervention is quite important." Follow James on Twitter. Student:	Night owls: Simple sleep tweaks boost wellbeing	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Teacher: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example: But Eluned Morgan conceded that it would be "difficult for us to stop" from a legal point of view. Her comments were criticised by a Labour AM. Alun Davies said threatening legal action "sounds like the last breath before you're thrown out of the pub". Mr Davies said he was not convinced the Welsh Government would "have a leg to stand on" in trying to shape international trade deals after Brexit. Following Donald Trump's comments during last week's trade visit that the NHS would be "on the table" in any future trade talks between the UK and the USA, Eluned Morgan said there was "absolutely no prospect whatsoever of us allowing the Welsh NHS to be part of any negotiation." The US President then rowed back on his initial comments following criticism from a number of MPs. Asked about her response to President Trump's remarks as she gave evidence to the Assembly's Brexit committee on Monday, Ms Morgan said "legally, it would be difficult for us to stop because we don't have a veto over trade". "Politically, I think it's extremely unlikely to happen," the international relations and the Welsh language minister said. "They [the UK Government] should not be concluding any trade agreements without consulting us where we have the power." Ms Morgan explained that UK and Welsh government officials are working on an agreement or 'concordat' for how future trade deals are negotiated. During a robust exchange, the Labour AM Alun Davies said: "I want something which is in law to which I can hold you to account and which colleagues in Westminster can hold the UK Government to account. "The argument we'll make life difficult for them, it sounds alright on the street, but it's not the reality of intergovernmental relations." "The United Kingdom has to find a way of functioning. "At the moment, your answers aren't giving me any confidence that there is that structure in place because, if the Welsh Government's argument is, 'we'll see you in court', it's not a very impressive argument either for the continuation of the structure of United Kingdom as a state or the commitment of the government within the United Kingdom to actually work together," he added. Responding to the criticism, Ms Morgan said: "Is the current intergovernmental structure adequate? "Absolutely not... and it's not just in relation to trade, it's in relation to almost every aspect of government policy. So, that infrastructure needs to be built." Solution: NHS Wales: Court action if trade deals affect service? Reason: The output phrase is the appropriate title for the given text and it highlights the essence of the passage. Now, solve this instance: By James GallagherHealth editor, BBC News website Starting early or late could alter the risk of nearly 48 separate conditions, including the age of menopause. The analysis of half a million people, published in Scientific Reports, showed early puberty increased the odds of type 2 diabetes by 50%. The researchers said it was "astonishing" that puberty was having an impact on health in mid-life. The team at the MRC Epidemiology Unit at the University of Cambridge used data from a huge study of the health of British people - the UK Biobank. The project recorded the age of girls' first period, but a measure of the start of puberty is harder to define in men, so they were asked if they were earlier or later compared to the rest of their peer group. In girls an early puberty was defined as starting between eight and 11, while a late puberty started between 15 and 19. A normal puberty was between nine and 14 in boys. The study showed that early and late puberty was linked to a wide range of health conditions, such as: Hormones have been implicated in some of the conditions, such as cancer, although the researchers admit that they have "very little idea" what might contribute to diseases such as asthma. Dr Felix Day told the BBC News website: "From a biological point of view, it's actually quite fascinating that something that happens when you're a teenager can have an effect on diseases that you wouldn't encounter until middle age. I find that quite astonishing." The age of puberty is changing around the world. In the UK it is currently starting about one month earlier every decade. In China it is more than four months earlier every decade. Dr Day said this was "something people involved in public health should be aware of". "The move towards earlier puberty is an added risk factor in terms of development of particularly metabolic diseases." However, as the study showed an increased risk for both early and late puberty, there could be a decrease in the incidence of some conditions. He added that because someone had an early or late puberty did not mean they would develop these conditions - it just altered the odds. Dr John Perry, from the MRC Epidemiology Unit, added: "We are continuing to work to understand how puberty timing impacts later health and how this information may be used alongside efforts to support healthy lifestyle changes and prevent disease. "It is important to note that the increase in disease risk attributable to puberty timing is still relatively modest and represents one of many factors that contribute to the overall risk of developing disease." Student:	Puberty age affects many diseases, says study	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task. Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. But Eluned Morgan conceded that it would be "difficult for us to stop" from a legal point of view. Her comments were criticised by a Labour AM. Alun Davies said threatening legal action "sounds like the last breath before you're thrown out of the pub". Mr Davies said he was not convinced the Welsh Government would "have a leg to stand on" in trying to shape international trade deals after Brexit. Following Donald Trump's comments during last week's trade visit that the NHS would be "on the table" in any future trade talks between the UK and the USA, Eluned Morgan said there was "absolutely no prospect whatsoever of us allowing the Welsh NHS to be part of any negotiation." The US President then rowed back on his initial comments following criticism from a number of MPs. Asked about her response to President Trump's remarks as she gave evidence to the Assembly's Brexit committee on Monday, Ms Morgan said "legally, it would be difficult for us to stop because we don't have a veto over trade". "Politically, I think it's extremely unlikely to happen," the international relations and the Welsh language minister said. "They [the UK Government] should not be concluding any trade agreements without consulting us where we have the power." Ms Morgan explained that UK and Welsh government officials are working on an agreement or 'concordat' for how future trade deals are negotiated. During a robust exchange, the Labour AM Alun Davies said: "I want something which is in law to which I can hold you to account and which colleagues in Westminster can hold the UK Government to account. "The argument we'll make life difficult for them, it sounds alright on the street, but it's not the reality of intergovernmental relations." "The United Kingdom has to find a way of functioning. "At the moment, your answers aren't giving me any confidence that there is that structure in place because, if the Welsh Government's argument is, 'we'll see you in court', it's not a very impressive argument either for the continuation of the structure of United Kingdom as a state or the commitment of the government within the United Kingdom to actually work together," he added. Responding to the criticism, Ms Morgan said: "Is the current intergovernmental structure adequate? "Absolutely not... and it's not just in relation to trade, it's in relation to almost every aspect of government policy. So, that infrastructure needs to be built." Solution: NHS Wales: Court action if trade deals affect service? Why? The output phrase is the appropriate title for the given text and it highlights the essence of the passage. New input: By Gemma HandyZorg-En-Vlygt, Essequibo Coast, Guyana The bright welcoming venue, framed by rice paddies, looks the picture of pastoral contentment. But behind its creation lies an unsettling reality. This upbeat community centre was built to address the devastating number of suicides both here on the scenic Essequibo Coast - and in Guyana itself, which holds the dubious distinction of the highest suicide rate in the world. World Health Organization figures claim 44.2 in every 100,000 Guyanese take their own lives, compared to a global average of 16. Shining a light on suicide The Guyana Foundation, the charity behind the Sunrise Center in Zorg-En-Vlygt, has been integral in dragging the phenomenon into the national conversation in a country where stigma surrounding mental health issues has long hindered efforts to alleviate them. A lack of adequate mainstream facilities and woefully outdated legislation - which still defines patients as "idiots" suffering "derangement" - are just some of the obstacles, says the centre's managing director Anthony Autar. Attempted suicide is still technically illegal in Guyana, carrying a custodial sentence of two years, although measures are under way to decriminalise it. "When considering mental health issues, we also look at people's ability to contribute to society," Mr Autar tells the BBC. "Learning a skill like catering or floral arrangement can improve their sense of worth and outlook for the future." Dress-making, tie-dye and yoga are also among the free courses open to the public at the facility which launched operations in June, ahead of its official October 29 opening. "We often find people who come here are isolated and don't have many strong connections. We encourage students to build friendships with each other; those relationships can help save someone's life if they're feeling suicidal," Mr Autar adds. Attendees are routinely invited to complete questionnaires assessing their emotional wellbeing and are informed about the free counselling services offered. It's part of a proactive approach to tackle depression, anxiety and low self-esteem, and remove stigma by teaching people such feelings "are as common as diabetes", says counsellor Haimraj Hamandeo. Participants are predominantly aged 25 to 45, and 75% are female. "Females are more open to assistance," Mr Hamandeo continues. "They're also more likely to attempt suicide; men are more likely to be successful at it." Opinion on just why Guyana tops the global suicide list is divided. A panel discussion organised by the University of Guyana to mark World Suicide Prevention Day in September cited relationship issues, political upheavals, poverty and high crime as contributory factors. Indo-Guyanese account for 80% of suicides, despite making up just 40% of the population in the six-race nation. Most are aged 15 to 34, with almost four men to each female. Poisoning by agricultural pesticides accounts for 65% of cases while one in five is by hanging. For each successful suicide, there's up to 25 more attempted cases, says Dr Bhiro Harry, head of psychiatry at Georgetown Public Hospital. "Many Indo-Guyanese are farmers so they have easy access to lethal pesticides," he explains. "Culturally, Indo-Guyanese folks are 'babied'. For example, I have three children in their 20s all living at home; I still make my son's breakfast every morning. Afro-Guyanese tend to have less close families and are taught to be strong and resilient." Conversely, social science lecturer Paulette Henry thinks "broken families" is a prime cause. After being personally touched by suicide when a close friend killed himself, she testifies to the emotions affecting those left behind too. "I dealt with anger, pain, a sense of loss and guilt," she says, "as a social worker I felt I should have recognised the signs." Public Health Minister Dr George Norton describes Guyana's existing national psychiatric hospital as "not fit for human consumption". He told the BBC mental health was his "personal priority" and that a national suicide prevention plan was currently being devised. That includes training additional psychiatrists and the creation of a psycho-social rehabilitation venue. Back at the Sunrise Center, Mr Hamandeo says engagement in "productive" activities had seen great successes. "Often people find an ability they didn't know they had. You see a change in the way they communicate, the way they greet you, their extra energy." That is music to the ears of centre founder Supriya Singh Bodden who must raise $3,500 (£2,850) a month from donations to run the facility - and plans to establish more across the country. "I got so depressed reading about the suicides every day, I just wanted to bring some hope into communities suffering poverty and lack of opportunity," she explains. "If we can touch people's lives in a positive way so they want to live to see another sunrise, then we have achieved something." Solution:	How Guyana is trying to combat its high suicide rate	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. There is limited evidence the clothing helps people with eczema and dermatitis enough to justify prescribing it, a consultation document says. Officials are proposing ending the routine prescription of eight items under plans aimed at saving £68m a year. Others include an acne medication and diabetes products. The items, which are deemed to be of relatively low clinical effectiveness or to have cheaper options available for funding, are: Many prescribers will not be surprised by the recommendations and have already started phasing out some of the items. The health service in England spends more than £1.2m a year on prescriptions for silk garments, examples of which include silk baby bodysuits, infant leggings, children's pyjamas, gloves or tubular sleeves. In the case of the testing strips and needles, officials are proposing that GPs prescribe the cheaper versions of these products. It said there was a big variation in price, with strips ranging from £5 to £16 and needles costing between £4 and £30. NHS England has already ordered an end to the routine prescribing of 18 low-value items, including homeopathy treatments and over-the-counter products such as paracetamol and cough medicines. NHS England chief executive Simon Stevens said: "The NHS is one of the most efficient health services in the world but, as part of the long-term plan for the NHS, we're determined to make taxpayers' money go further and drive savings back into front-line care. "It is essential the NHS should not be paying for anything which has been proven to be ineffective or where there are safer or cheaper alternatives." The consultation comes ahead of GPs being issued with new guidance next week on gluten-free prescriptions. While patients can still receive bread and gluten-free baking mixes under NHS prescriptions, they are no longer eligible for other foodstuffs such as pizzas, cakes and biscuits, NHS England said. Officials added that the NHS began funding gluten-free food products in the late 1960s, when availability was limited, but now a wide variety of foods is available in supermarkets. The consultation will run for three months from 28 November 2018 until 28 February 2019, after which joint commissioning guidance is expected to be published by NHS England and NHS Clinical Commissioners. The National Eczema Society said it was "vital for people with eczema to have access to the right emollient products on prescription". A spokesman added: "We look forward to participating in the consultation." NHS crackdown on silk garment prescriptions That will allow GPs to invite more people aged 70 and over to attend their nearby surgery to be vaccinated. It comes as the first minister revealed that the new variant, the Kent variant, is believed to account for between 40 and 50% of all cases of Covid-19. It may account for up to 60% of cases in the Southern Trust area. The new coronavirus variant was first detected in Kent in September. It is now the most common form of the virus in England and Northern Ireland, and has spread to more than 50 other countries. Vaccination In what is described as a "twin-track" approach, the vaccination of people in the 65-69 age group began on Thursday. It is happening at seven regional vaccination centres where the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine is used. Stormont's Department of Health hopes to offer jabs to all over-65s in Northern Ireland by the end of February. The move means a younger and fitter cohort of people may receive their vaccine sooner than those who are older and perhaps have underlying health conditions. A global demand for the vaccine means supplies are limited. The Department of Health said it needs to vaccinate as many people as quickly as possible in line with clinical priority. "And we need to make best use of available supplies of both vaccines," it said. 'Vaccination programme massively complicated' The online booking system - which opened on Wednesday night for those aged between 65 to 69 - is running more smoothly after some early technical difficulties. However, it has prompted some people to ask why those who are younger are being vaccinated sooner than older people. Rolling out the vaccine is a massively complicated process. There are many hurdles for those in charge of it, including the fact that the Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines have separate requirements and separate locations. They cannot be mixed and matched. The department has said that in order to maximise current stocks "there had to be some demarcation on who gets what vaccine". More people in their 70s will have accessibility issues so being able to receive their vaccination from their nearest GP surgery has obvious advantages for them. People who are clinical extremely vulnerable (CEV) to Covid-19 are also a priority for February and GPs will be vaccinating a large proportion of CEV patients. The twin-track approach will mean trust vaccination centres will offer vaccines to CEV patients who frequently attend hospitals. Until this week, only healthcare workers have been vaccinated at those locations. Online slots are available on Health and Social Care Northern Ireland's Covid-19 website. This is how Northern Ireland compares with Great Britain and the Republic of Ireland by overall population, based on first doses: Meanwhile, a paper from the Department of Health on Northern Ireland's R number said results from genomic sequencing of the Kent variant suggest it is becoming more common in Northern Ireland. It said this may mean, under conditions of increased inter-personal contact in the future, the epidemic may grow more quickly than previously thought. The Director of Medical Services at the Southern Trust said the new variant was just one of the reasons cases in that area are so high, with things like shared housing also being a factor. Covid-19: 'Significant supply' of vaccine to arrive in NI next week The National Trust recently invited tenants to rent out Parc Farm on Great Orme in Llandudno for just £1 a year. On Wednesday, the first of the many applicants will get to visit the farm, fields and buildings at the remote coastal site. Would-be shepherds would need to help protect Great Orme's fragile landscape. It has rare habitats and species - some of which the charity said exists nowhere else on Earth. The National Trust said its announcement the farm was to be let had sparked enquiries from across the world and at one point saw staff dealing with more than 100 enquiries an hour. National Trust general manager William Greenwood said: "The volume of interest has been incredible. "People clearly want to give nature a helping hand and ensure this special place is healthy, beautiful, rich in wildlife and culture and is enjoyed for ever for everyone. "It seems to have really caught the public's imagination, and we're really looking forward to welcoming some of those potential applicants to Parc Farm for the official viewing day, to give them a taste of just what that one pound buys." The National Trust bought parts of the iconic Great Orme headland, including Parc Farm and its associated grazing rights, in 2015. Mr Jones said the tenant needed to be a "very special person" with excellent shepherding skills, prepared to work hard and share how they look after the landscape with the Great Orme's many hundreds of thousands of visitors. He added: "And while it may be called Parc Farm this tenancy is no walk in the park, it will involve long hours, and a lot of hard work in a landscape which is exceptionally exposed to extreme weather."	Hundreds apply to take on £1m Great Orme farm for £1	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. Ex Input: By Deborah Cohen & Jake MorrisBBC Newsnight A study by Sheffield council shows people in low-paid jobs, with insecure contracts, who couldn't afford to isolate have been hardest hit by the disease in the city. The council split its population into 10 income brackets, from the wealthiest to the most deprived, and looked at Covid case rates in each group. While the rates were generally greater among the less well-off, they were highest of all in the third income group, rather than the poorest or second poorest. "The impact is really on the working poor," said Sheffield's director of public health, Greg Fell. This group is "most likely to be low paid", on insecure contracts and unable to afford to isolate. "Transmission in that group of people is much higher," said Mr Fell. Patrick Meleady recognises the impact first-hand, from his work with a food bank in east Sheffield. "People here work in factories, are care workers, bus drivers and taxi drivers," said Mr Meleady. "So they're on the front line having an interaction," he said. "If you're in another area and you're more affluent and you've got a different career path, you're going to remove yourself from that [risk of Covid]." The findings are supported by further research carried out by Sheffield City Council, which mapped Covid case rates as they spread across the urban population in the first wave. The mapping, in the animated video below, shows that at the start, cases appeared among people living in the wealthier west of the city, driven perhaps by those returning from half-term ski trips. It then spread and remained stubbornly embedded in the poorer east. By the end of June, as national case numbers plummeted and England emerged from its first lockdown, the majority of new positive cases were confined to the most deprived area of the city. These poorer areas have continued to experience high rates of Covid in the second wave too. The fact the disease has affected poorer areas more than wealthy ones in the UK has been well recorded. Work by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) shows those living in the most deprived neighbourhoods are more than twice as likely to die from Covid as those in the least deprived. But Greg Fell is "surprised by the starkness" of what the council found in Sheffield. "It was always going to be something that was only unevenly or unequally split," he said. It's not just jobs that play a role in Covid risks. Poor housing has been known as a factor for some time. A recent study of housing conditions looked at how the number of people living in a house, and the number of rooms, affected Covid risk. The research, run by University College London's Virus Watch team, found a clear link. Overcrowded households "had twice the risk of coronavirus infection compared to people living in un-crowded households," said Prof Rob Aldridge who runs the study. The high verses low income split in Covid cases is consistent with existing differences in health in Sheffield. The difference in life expectancy can be as much as 20 years, says Dr Jennie Joyce, a GP working in the city. And existing illnesses, such as diabetes and heart disease, may mean people getting sicker from Covid. She's not surprised by the impact. "I think we did know that on the ground. It just wasn't coming down from the top," she said. A report prepared by Sheffield's Citizens Advice Bureau shows those who were already struggling pre-Covid are in a worse position now. It cites factors including not being able to travel to cheaper food shops and higher heating and lighting costs from being at home, and it warns the poor have got into greater debt. Gulnaz Hussain, who works at Firvale Community Hub, says money is always tight for people in the nearby area. And when work is always uncertain for many in the city, Covid can feel like one more thing "We have community and community resilience, and being able to know how to cope in difficult situations," says Ms Husain. "This is just another one of those risks." Watch Deborah Cohen's report for Newsnight on BBC iPlayer (UK only). Ex Output: Covid: The 'working poor' are hardest hit, Sheffield study finds Ex Input: By Olivia Lace-EvansBBC News In her first year of graduate school, Lauren Rankin - now a writer and women's rights advocate - wrote an article for a local blog. Describing the article as "dinky" - so much so that she can't even remember the topic - and expecting it to go nowhere, she shared it on Twitter with her few thousand followers. A few days after publication, she noticed something was wrong. People began bombarding her graduate school searching for her contact information. Her personal information and address were shared online, and she received an escalating number of death threats. She discovered a message board site, 4chan, had picked up the piece and a group of anonymous users had co-ordinated an online campaign against her. She is still unsure why she was targeted. It was at this point she called the FBI. "You learn very quickly if you're going to be a woman, especially if you're speaking out on women's rights, you're going to be attacked," says Rankin. Although the FBI did circle back to check she was safe, they were unable to find any leads to take legal action. The more well-known she became, the more Rankin endured instances of co-ordinated online campaigns, rape and death threats, and online stalking. Despite blocking sites or users that abused her, duplicate accounts would appear, and she was anxious these digital attacks would materialise in real life. Overwhelmed, she felt she had no option but to significantly reduce her online presence. "I had to take a break. I go days, sometimes weeks without tweeting and I don't really write publicly anymore. The way that I am an advocate has changed. I don't like to think that I cowered to my fear, I just prioritised my own wellbeing." She's not alone. In a 2015 UN report, Cyberviolence Against Women and Girls, they found that 73% of women have been exposed to or experienced some form of online violence. Now the Women's Media Center has released an "Online Abuse 101" guide detailing the complex and unique ways women may face online abuse. It acts as a encyclopaedia for tactics used against women online, explaining the nuances of attacks ranging from flooding users with negative comments or virtual stalking, to revenge porn and identity theft. Women may face doxing, where hackers release personal information or financial details to cause fear or panic. Others users may endure cross platform harassment - where a single user is targeted across their various social accounts - or face grief trolling, where attackers use images or names of lost ones to create fake websites or memes. They have also developed a wheel to help visualise the problem, with online abuse at the centre. The first circle maps out the tactics used, with concentric circles fanning out to show how this corresponds to legal issues and finally, how this psychologically affects the victim. The WMC hope to show that harassment isn't an single issue, but instead a collection of specific tactics that are often employed simultaneously. As a result, the WMC hopes online platforms can create more effective protective measures and law enforcement can learn how to tackle this new frontier of digital crime. Soraya Chemaly, director of the project, told the BBC, "the entire project was born out of necessity". "When I started to investigate, there was no proper understanding of what harassment entailed. People think about bullying or name-calling, but those aren't necessarily the only tactics we're talking about." When women step forward to report online cases of abuse they are often trivialised or dismissed as "not real, not a problem," she adds. Danielle Citron, a law professor at the University of Maryland, has specialised in cyber law and advised social media companies on how to shape their policies on abuse or harassment. Describing the project as "incredibly important", she says it is particularly encouraging as a means to educate law enforcement. "The problem is people come to them, they're great with street crimes, but tracking down a poster is foreign to them. I'm not criticising them, but we need education." She adds that although social media platforms have come a long way in providing protective measures, it's often unclear just how many ways users may be vulnerable, and this new language will help prevent trivialisation or misunderstandings between users and those who can help. For now, Citron believes this is a promising moment for users, platforms and authorities alike. "It's baby steps. At the moment many people don't understand what harassment means, it's too loose. It's important to have a set of definitions, and if we can get that right you can change social attitudes." Ex Output: Giving names to online harassment Ex Input: Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent Sanger was on an 18-city trip to India, speaking with doctors and activists about birth control and the liberation of women. Her fascinating exchange with Gandhi at his ashram in the western state of Maharashtra is part of a new biography of India's "father of the nation" by historian Ramachandra Guha. Drawing on never-before-seen sources from 60 different collections around the world, the 1,129-page book tells the dramatic story of the life of the world's most famous pacifist from the time he returned to India from South Africa in 1915, to his assassination in 1948. The biography also provides a glimpse into Gandhi's views on women's rights, sex and celibacy. In his ashram, Gandhi's efficient secretary, Mahadev Desai, took copious notes of the meeting between the leader and the activist. "Both seem to be agreed that women should be emancipated, that a woman should be the arbiter of her destiny," he wrote. But differences quickly arose between the two. Mrs Sanger, who had opened the first US family planning centre in New York in 1916, believed that contraceptives were the safest route to emancipation. Gandhi demurred, saying women should resist their husbands, while men should try to curb "animal passion". He told his visitor that sex should be only for procreation. Mrs Sanger soldiered on spiritedly. She told Gandhi that "women have feelings as deep as and as amorous as men. There are times when wives desire physical union as much as their husbands". "Do you think that it is possible for two people who are in love, who are happy together, to regulate their sex act only once in two years, so that their relationship would only take place when they wanted a child?" she asked. This is where contraception came in handy, she insisted, and helped women prevent unwanted pregnancies and gain control over their bodies. Gandhi remained stubborn in his opposition. He told Sanger that he regarded all sex as "lust". He told her of his own marriage, saying the relationship with his wife, Kasturba, had become "spiritual" after he "bade goodbye to a life of carnal pleasure". Gandhi had married at 13, and taken a vow of celibacy when he was 38 and the father of four children. In doing so, he had been inspired by a Jain seer named Raychandbhai and Russian writer Leo Tolstoy, who became celibate in his later life. (Jainism is an ancient Indian religion of harmlessness and renunciation.) In his autobiography, Gandhi had written how guilt ridden he was by the thought that he was having sex with his wife when his father passed away. At the end of the conversation with Sanger, Gandhi relented a little. He said he didn't mind "voluntary sterilisation in the case of man, since he is the aggressor", and that instead of using contraceptives, couples could have sex during the "safe period" of the menstrual cycle. Mrs Sanger left the ashram unconvinced. Later, she wrote of Gandhi's "appalling fear of licentiousness and over-indulgence". She was deeply disappointed at his failure to endorse her campaign. It was not the first time that Gandhi had spoken out openly against artificial birth control. In 1934, an Indian women's rights activist had asked him whether contraceptives were the next best thing to "self-control". "Do you think that the freedom of the body is obtained by resorting to contraceptives? Women should learn to resist their husbands. If contraceptives were resorted to as in the West, frightful results will follow. Men and women will be living for sex alone. They will become soft-brained, unhinged, in fact mental and moral wrecks," Gandhi had replied. "For Gandhi, all sex was lust; sex was necessary for procreation. Modern methods of birth control legitimised lust. Far better that women resist men, and men control and tame their animal passions," writes Guha, his latest biographer, in his book Gandhi: The Years That Changed the World, 1914-1948. Many years later, as Hindu-Muslims riots rocked the southern Noakhali district of the state of Bengal on the eve of India's independence, Gandhi undertook a controversial experiment. He asked his grandniece and ardent devotee, Manu Gandhi, to join him in the bed he slept in. "He was seeking to test, or further test, his conquest of sexual desire," Guha writes. Somehow, according to his biographer, Gandhi felt that the "rise of religious violence was connected to his own failure to become a perfect brahmachari [celibate]". Gandhi, who campaigned all his life for interfaith harmony, was appalled by the violence breaking out between Hindus and Muslims in the run up to independence from Britain. "The connection was a leap of faith, an abdication of reason and perhaps also an expression of egotism. He had come round to the view that the violence around him was in part a product or consequence of the imperfections within him," Guha writes. Gandhi faced a lot of opposition when he told his associates about the "experiment". They warned him it would soil his reputation and that he should abandon it. One associate said it was both "puzzling and indefensible". Another quit working with Gandhi in protest. Guha writes that one needs to look beyond "rationalist or instrumental explanations of why men behave as they do" to understand this strange experiment. For some 40 years by then, Gandhi had been obsessed with celibacy. "Now at the end of his own life, with his dream of an united India in ruins, Gandhi was attributing the imperfections of society to the imperfections of the society's most influential leader, namely himself". A close associate and admirer of Gandhi later wrote to a friend that from a study of the leader's writings, he found that he "represented a hard, puritanical form of self-discipline, something which we usually associate with medieval Christian ascetics or Jain recluses". Historian Patrick French has written that although some of Gandhi's unconventional ideas were rooted in ancient Hindu philosophy, "he was more tellingly a figure of the late Victorian age, both in his puritanism, and in his kooky theories about health, diet and communal living". Clearly, Gandhi's attitudes to women were complex and contradictory. He appeared to be averse to women making themselves more attractive to men. He, according to Guha, abhorred "modern hairstyles and clothes". "What a pity," he wrote to Manu Gandhi, "that the modern girl attaches greater importance to following the code of fashion than to the protection of her health and strength." He was also critical of the veil for Muslim women, saying it "harms women's health, they can't get sufficient air and light and they remain disease-ridden." At the same time, Gandhi believed in the rights of women, and that women were to be fully equal to men. In South Africa, women joined his political and social movements. He appointed a woman, Sarojini Naidu, to lead the Congress party at a time when political parties in the West had few women leaders. He asked women to protest outside liquor shops. Many women participated in the massive march to protest against the British salt monopoly and the salt tax. "Gandhi," writes Guha, "did not use the language of modern feminism. "While strongly supportive of women's education, and open to women working in offices and factories, he thought the burden of child-rearing and homemaking should be borne by women. By the standards of our time, Gandhi should be considered conservative. By the standards of his own time, however, he was undoubtedly progressive." When India became independent in 1947, this legacy, believes Guha, helped the country get a woman governor and a woman cabinet minister. The work of rehabilitating millions of refugees was led by a group of powerful women. A top university chose a woman as a vice-chancellor, decades before top American universities began choosing women presidents. Women, says Guha, were as prominent in public life in the India of the 1940s and 1950s as in the US of the same period. This must count as one of Gandhi's important, and not so well known achievements, despite his eccentric "experiments with truth". Ex Output:	Gandhi wanted women to 'resist' sex for pleasure	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Definition: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. Input: The Royal College of Midwives said the proportion of overweight and obese pregnant women in Scotland reached 51% for the first time last year. More older women are also having babies, with 1,907 births to women in their 40s - 68% more than in 2000. Obese, overweight and older women are more likely to require additional care and support throughout their pregnancy. The Royal College of Midwives (RCM) said this rise in demand for services came as the proportion of vacant midwifery posts rose from 1.3% to 5% over the past five years, with the problem "particularly acute" in the north of Scotland. Greater risk RCM Scotland director Mary Ross-Davie told the BBC's Good Morning Scotland programme that obese and older mothers were at greater risk of suffering during pregnancy, as were their babies. She said: "They may have complications like diabetes or high blood pressure, but there are also more risks for the baby in terms of their growth and them being born prematurely. "So what we need to do is provide those women with more care. That may be more appointments, longer appointments and more investigations and monitoring." The RCM has also there are still some concerns over the ageing midwifery workforce despite an increase in the number of younger midwives. The proportion of midwives aged 50 or older jumped from 34% in March 2013 to 40% in March 2018. Ms Ross-Davie welcomed the Scottish government's drive to boost the number of student midwives, but said they may not come quickly enough. Health Secretary Jeane Freeman said: "While there has been an increase of 5.7% in the number of qualified nurses and midwives under this government, we're determined to go further to ensure we have a sustainable midwifery workforce long into the future. "That's why we're investing a Return to Practice Programme, where 55 former midwives returned to service, and a shortened midwifery course in the north of Scotland to meet the specific recruitment challenges in that region." Output:	Obese mums 'putting strain on midwives'	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. [EX Q]: "Healthy foods are three times more expensive calorie-for-calorie than unhealthy foods so there's a very strong price differential in a typical basket," says Anna Taylor, executive director of the independent think tank Food Foundation. Vegetables are getting cheaper but, she says, there are people who "haven't got enough money to put food on the table, so for them, trying to secure 10 portions of fruit and veg a day in their diets would be impossible." The study by Imperial College London, calculated that increasing our fruit and veg intake to 10-a-day could prevent 7.8 million premature deaths each year. But currently only around a quarter of adults in the UK achieve the five-a-day target. The British Heart Foundation did a survey which found that a third of UK adults are struggling to afford to eat healthily. So is 10-a-day realistically affordable? "For some people it is," says Victoria Taylor, senior dietitian at the BHF. "But for others it would take some serious thought and commitment in terms of working out which fruit and vegetables will be affordable. But it's important to keep in mind that our target is five a day and this study found that the best effects were seen for people who are currently getting below this number. "The focus on 10 is, in a sense, moving the goalposts and it would be a shame if this put people off aiming for five, or even just having one more portion a day." The British Dietetic Association says: "What it tells us is that the benefits of eating fruit and vegetables are incremental - in other words eating five portions a day is great, but 10 a day is even better." So any improvement in your fruit and vegetable intake is a benefit. Victoria Taylor says cost is not the only reason we don't eat enough fruit and veg. "There are numerous factors that influence our food choice. Cost is important but so is taste, cooking skills, storage facilities and ability to get to and from the shops. It's hard to say how much is specifically due to the price of food as all of these issues are interrelated." Tips on buying fruit and veg Source: BHF and BDA The Food Foundation is hosting a conference in June bringing together businesses, farmers, retailers and government departments which aims to make it easier for people to eat vegetables. Some of the ideas they will be looking at are current pilots in America where if food stamps are spent on fruit and veg, they can be doubled in value so "you create a positive incentive for people to spend their vouchers on fruit and veg because you're giving them more value". Another scheme sees people who have early stage type 2 diabetes or are pre-diabetic being prescribed fruit and veg and getting vouchers to spend in local markets "to help them rethink their diets and get their diets on track". Why did we write this article? We asked BBC readers to send us their questions about the 10-a-day diet and then our health team wrote this piece to try to answer as many as possible. A lot of people asked about the cost implications of trying to achieve a 10-a-day diet. Gary asked: "Should fruit and vegetables be heavily subsidized by the government to encourage further consumption?" Gary explained to us the thinking behind his question: "Simple consumer habits dictate that people consume more of something when it is cheaper. I believe the same economic principle can be applied to fruit and vegetables. When people go shopping, they have to make the choice of what to buy, and usually, the best value items win." With concern over the cost of healthy eating, some have asked whether the government should subsidise fruit and veg? At the moment, the government has "measures in place to support low income families, pregnant women and children under four through Healthy Start Vouchers. These can be spent on milk, fresh or frozen fruit and vegetables." They also point out that all infant pupils can now get free school meals and they've announced £10m funding a year to expand breakfast clubs in up to 1,600 schools. Currently only 70% of those eligible get the healthy start vouchers and Anna Taylor says the Food Foundation will debate whether that programme should be expanded to include a broader income group or wider age range at its conference. As she points out, this "would create a positive pull of demand - and thereby help to strengthen the British horticulture sector at the same time." And she thinks in the post-Brexit world there is a big opportunity to help farmers. "Doesn't it make sense to join up our farming policy with our health policy and think about - could we increase consumer subsidies to really drive up demand so our horticulturalists benefit as well - it's win-win." "There are lots of different ways we could make it easier to eat veg - which go beyond price and much more about our whole food environment and to what extent fruit and veg is a strong part of that and encouraging us to eat it." She points out when you look at advertising only "1% of food and soft drink advertising spend goes on fresh veg". But she believes we need to change our whole way of thinking about fruit and veg and the messages we send - even down to children's TV where, she says, it is "demonised". "It's set against delicious and junk food or cream cakes, and fruit and veg is the yucky thing that kids don't want to eat. There's a bit of that subliminal stuff that happens in kids' TV because it's funny but it's kind of normalising that this is stuff that you don't want to be eating - so there's a job of work there beyond advertising, in broadcasting to try and not normalise that this is worthy but not tasty." [EX A]: Is the 10-a-day diet only for the wealthy? [EX Q]: In future it will be easier to vote by post, or if away from the island, to vote in advance of polling day. Changes could also see members of the Judicial Greffe go to people's homes to take their vote, if they register to do so in advance. States members spent a second day debating the changes. As part of the reform of the election law, politicians debated things such as how voters put their pieces of paper in the ballot box, what colour they should be and how it should be monitored. Constable Julliette Gallichan said going to people's homes would simplify things for people who previously found the postal voting scheme too complicated. However, it could mean the States of Jersey paying more money for staffing at election time. Those changes were eventually approved by 42 votes to five. Members also talked about ways to keep the ballot boxes secure - that went through with just one vote against. And they extended the amount of time available to take legal action in the event of disputes at an election - at the moment it must be done within six months, that has been extended to 12 months. They then voted on the whole bill, which was approved by 41 to four. [EX A]: Voting in Jersey will change after reform vote [EX Q]: Frankie Bullbrook, 34, was found with fatal injuries in a park area of Belmont Lane in Chislehurst, south-east London, on 24 July. Metropolitan Police believe his death is linked to a brawl involving 10 men at the Gordon Arms pub. Alfie Tullett, 32, of East Malling, Kent, is accused of killing Mr Bullbrook and violent disorder. Police were called to a brawl at the pub at 20:52 BST and found two men aged 30 and 26, had been stabbed. Two minutes later, officers were alerted to a fatal crash nearby involving the victim, who was pronounced dead at the scene. The vehicle - said to be a blue van - did not stop at the scene on Slades Drive and was found abandoned nearby. The stabbed men were taken to a south London hospital with non life-threatening injuries. Both were arrested on suspicion of murder, with the 30-year-old released under investigation while the 26-year-old remains in hospital. Meanwhile, another man, aged 25, who was arrested on suspicion of murder and violent disorder on 29 July has been released under investigation. [EX A]:	Chislehurst: Murder charge over hit-and-run death near pub	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. [EX Q]: The company said the decision followed a review of its North Sea business - and would give it more flexibility. However, the firm said the final number of redundancies could be reduced with potential opportunities for some workers to move abroad while others could be moved back from overseas. Despite the cuts the firm said it was still committed to its UK operation. Chevron said it would continue to invest in major projects such as the Rosebank in Shetland, which is estimated to hold as much as 240 million barrels of oil. A spokesperson said: "Chevron is reorganising its business unit in Aberdeen. "We are hoping to reduce the number of redundancies through other global opportunities for employees, repatriating expatriates, so the exact number of redundancies is unknown." [EX A]: Oil firm Chevron to cut 225 jobs from Aberdeen facility [EX Q]: By Gemma HandyZorg-En-Vlygt, Essequibo Coast, Guyana The bright welcoming venue, framed by rice paddies, looks the picture of pastoral contentment. But behind its creation lies an unsettling reality. This upbeat community centre was built to address the devastating number of suicides both here on the scenic Essequibo Coast - and in Guyana itself, which holds the dubious distinction of the highest suicide rate in the world. World Health Organization figures claim 44.2 in every 100,000 Guyanese take their own lives, compared to a global average of 16. Shining a light on suicide The Guyana Foundation, the charity behind the Sunrise Center in Zorg-En-Vlygt, has been integral in dragging the phenomenon into the national conversation in a country where stigma surrounding mental health issues has long hindered efforts to alleviate them. A lack of adequate mainstream facilities and woefully outdated legislation - which still defines patients as "idiots" suffering "derangement" - are just some of the obstacles, says the centre's managing director Anthony Autar. Attempted suicide is still technically illegal in Guyana, carrying a custodial sentence of two years, although measures are under way to decriminalise it. "When considering mental health issues, we also look at people's ability to contribute to society," Mr Autar tells the BBC. "Learning a skill like catering or floral arrangement can improve their sense of worth and outlook for the future." Dress-making, tie-dye and yoga are also among the free courses open to the public at the facility which launched operations in June, ahead of its official October 29 opening. "We often find people who come here are isolated and don't have many strong connections. We encourage students to build friendships with each other; those relationships can help save someone's life if they're feeling suicidal," Mr Autar adds. Attendees are routinely invited to complete questionnaires assessing their emotional wellbeing and are informed about the free counselling services offered. It's part of a proactive approach to tackle depression, anxiety and low self-esteem, and remove stigma by teaching people such feelings "are as common as diabetes", says counsellor Haimraj Hamandeo. Participants are predominantly aged 25 to 45, and 75% are female. "Females are more open to assistance," Mr Hamandeo continues. "They're also more likely to attempt suicide; men are more likely to be successful at it." Opinion on just why Guyana tops the global suicide list is divided. A panel discussion organised by the University of Guyana to mark World Suicide Prevention Day in September cited relationship issues, political upheavals, poverty and high crime as contributory factors. Indo-Guyanese account for 80% of suicides, despite making up just 40% of the population in the six-race nation. Most are aged 15 to 34, with almost four men to each female. Poisoning by agricultural pesticides accounts for 65% of cases while one in five is by hanging. For each successful suicide, there's up to 25 more attempted cases, says Dr Bhiro Harry, head of psychiatry at Georgetown Public Hospital. "Many Indo-Guyanese are farmers so they have easy access to lethal pesticides," he explains. "Culturally, Indo-Guyanese folks are 'babied'. For example, I have three children in their 20s all living at home; I still make my son's breakfast every morning. Afro-Guyanese tend to have less close families and are taught to be strong and resilient." Conversely, social science lecturer Paulette Henry thinks "broken families" is a prime cause. After being personally touched by suicide when a close friend killed himself, she testifies to the emotions affecting those left behind too. "I dealt with anger, pain, a sense of loss and guilt," she says, "as a social worker I felt I should have recognised the signs." Public Health Minister Dr George Norton describes Guyana's existing national psychiatric hospital as "not fit for human consumption". He told the BBC mental health was his "personal priority" and that a national suicide prevention plan was currently being devised. That includes training additional psychiatrists and the creation of a psycho-social rehabilitation venue. Back at the Sunrise Center, Mr Hamandeo says engagement in "productive" activities had seen great successes. "Often people find an ability they didn't know they had. You see a change in the way they communicate, the way they greet you, their extra energy." That is music to the ears of centre founder Supriya Singh Bodden who must raise $3,500 (£2,850) a month from donations to run the facility - and plans to establish more across the country. "I got so depressed reading about the suicides every day, I just wanted to bring some hope into communities suffering poverty and lack of opportunity," she explains. "If we can touch people's lives in a positive way so they want to live to see another sunrise, then we have achieved something." [EX A]: How Guyana is trying to combat its high suicide rate [EX Q]: By Kevin KeaneBBC Scotland's environment correspondent About 11,200 hectares of new planting was undertaken last year, a significant increase on 2017. Aforestation is seen as an important tool in tackling climate change but planting rates up until now have been low. Ministers plan to increase the target further in 2024, from 10,000 to 15,000 hectares. Increasing forest cover allows the trees to absorb more carbon dioxide, one of the greenhouse gases responsible for global warming. The majority of the planting has been carried out by private companies with about 1,000 hectares coming from the government's new agency Forestry and Land Scotland. Environment emergency Rural Economy Secretary Fergus Ewing said: "A new approach to woodland creation proposals was introduced last year and whilst this has helped us deliver the target, it also ensures that communities and interest groups are consulted along the way. "But there is also a huge environmental significance to the increase in tree planting. We are now facing a global environment emergency. "In Scotland alone, around 9.5 million tonnes of CO2 each year are removed from the atmosphere by our forests - this is a clear example of why an increase in tree planting is so important in the fight against climate change." The figures have been released following the announcement that the 2017 target for reducing greenhouse gas emissions were missed. A streamlined application process and better grant packages are being cited for the increased planting. Forests cover about 18.7% of Scotland's land mass with a target to increase that figure to 21% by 2032. Stuart Goodall from forestry body Confor said: "Planting trees locks up carbon and by harvesting and replanting them sustainably, we can produce an infinitely renewable supply of wood with which to build homes and to manufacture an array of everyday products - while also reducing carbon in the atmosphere. "Scotland is leading the way in the UK, with 84% of all new planting happening in Scotland. Confor has worked long and hard with the Scottish government to get to this point and I truly hope the momentum will be maintained in the coming years. "We now need the rest of the UK to move beyond ramped-up rhetoric on a climate emergency and begin to take the positive action that we see in Scotland." [EX A]:	Scotland meets tree planting target for first time	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. Input: Consider Input: Canada's Cronos Group confirmed the discussions but said it had not yet reached an agreement. It follows reports that Altria was in talks to acquire Cronos as it moves to diversify from traditional smokers. Canada legalised recreational cannabis in October - the second country in the world to do so. Cronos confirmed in a statement "it is engaged in discussions concerning a potential investment by Altria Group Inc. in Cronos Group." "No agreement has been reached with respect to any such transaction and there can be no assurance such discussions will lead to an investment or other transaction involving the companies." Several other companies around the world are pushing into the marijuana sector. Corona beer owner Constellation Brands has said it would pour some $4bn (£3.1bn) into Canada's top cannabis producer, Canopy Growth, in a deal marking the largest investment in the industry to date. Tobacco firm Imperial Brands is investing in UK biotech company Oxford Cannabinoid Technologies, while a recent media report said Coca-Cola was in talks with a Canadian producer Aurora Cannabis about developing marijuana-infused beverages. Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau campaigned to legalise cannabis, arguing laws criminalising its use were ineffective given Canadians are among the world's heaviest users. Cannabis possession first became a crime in Canada in 1923 but medical use has been legal since 2001. Output: Cannabis firm confirms investment talks with Marlboro maker Input: Consider Input: By Deborah Cohen & Jake MorrisBBC Newsnight A study by Sheffield council shows people in low-paid jobs, with insecure contracts, who couldn't afford to isolate have been hardest hit by the disease in the city. The council split its population into 10 income brackets, from the wealthiest to the most deprived, and looked at Covid case rates in each group. While the rates were generally greater among the less well-off, they were highest of all in the third income group, rather than the poorest or second poorest. "The impact is really on the working poor," said Sheffield's director of public health, Greg Fell. This group is "most likely to be low paid", on insecure contracts and unable to afford to isolate. "Transmission in that group of people is much higher," said Mr Fell. Patrick Meleady recognises the impact first-hand, from his work with a food bank in east Sheffield. "People here work in factories, are care workers, bus drivers and taxi drivers," said Mr Meleady. "So they're on the front line having an interaction," he said. "If you're in another area and you're more affluent and you've got a different career path, you're going to remove yourself from that [risk of Covid]." The findings are supported by further research carried out by Sheffield City Council, which mapped Covid case rates as they spread across the urban population in the first wave. The mapping, in the animated video below, shows that at the start, cases appeared among people living in the wealthier west of the city, driven perhaps by those returning from half-term ski trips. It then spread and remained stubbornly embedded in the poorer east. By the end of June, as national case numbers plummeted and England emerged from its first lockdown, the majority of new positive cases were confined to the most deprived area of the city. These poorer areas have continued to experience high rates of Covid in the second wave too. The fact the disease has affected poorer areas more than wealthy ones in the UK has been well recorded. Work by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) shows those living in the most deprived neighbourhoods are more than twice as likely to die from Covid as those in the least deprived. But Greg Fell is "surprised by the starkness" of what the council found in Sheffield. "It was always going to be something that was only unevenly or unequally split," he said. It's not just jobs that play a role in Covid risks. Poor housing has been known as a factor for some time. A recent study of housing conditions looked at how the number of people living in a house, and the number of rooms, affected Covid risk. The research, run by University College London's Virus Watch team, found a clear link. Overcrowded households "had twice the risk of coronavirus infection compared to people living in un-crowded households," said Prof Rob Aldridge who runs the study. The high verses low income split in Covid cases is consistent with existing differences in health in Sheffield. The difference in life expectancy can be as much as 20 years, says Dr Jennie Joyce, a GP working in the city. And existing illnesses, such as diabetes and heart disease, may mean people getting sicker from Covid. She's not surprised by the impact. "I think we did know that on the ground. It just wasn't coming down from the top," she said. A report prepared by Sheffield's Citizens Advice Bureau shows those who were already struggling pre-Covid are in a worse position now. It cites factors including not being able to travel to cheaper food shops and higher heating and lighting costs from being at home, and it warns the poor have got into greater debt. Gulnaz Hussain, who works at Firvale Community Hub, says money is always tight for people in the nearby area. And when work is always uncertain for many in the city, Covid can feel like one more thing "We have community and community resilience, and being able to know how to cope in difficult situations," says Ms Husain. "This is just another one of those risks." Watch Deborah Cohen's report for Newsnight on BBC iPlayer (UK only). Output: Covid: The 'working poor' are hardest hit, Sheffield study finds Input: Consider Input: By Emma Jane KirbyBBC News "She's lamenting her lost homeland," Sami, Radio Alwan's special projects director smiles ruefully. "She's singing, "we want to come back to you, we want to be reunited, we won't wait until tomorrow until all your wounds are healed." The traffic honks impatiently beneath his window as we listen. Few people here know that in this unimposing office in a busy western suburb of Istanbul a radio drama is being broadcast to war-torn Syria. And they mustn't know, explains Sami, because not everyone likes the fact that Radio Alwan is an independent station which tempers neither its news bulletins nor its soap opera's plots in order to toe government or opposition parties' lines. They pay for that. Last month, staff in the station's Aleppo office were beaten up by masked men, who stole their equipment. Find out more Sami takes me to the tiny recording studio where the black sound-proofing foam that covers the wall is impregnated with the whiff of stale cigarette smoke seeping in from the kitchen next door. Miran, a young actor holding a script theatrically far out in front of him, nods for me to go in. As soon as the door closes he begins to shout dramatically and then suddenly making his voice go higher, he throws back his head and laughs. The engineer we can see through the tiny glass window reads a few lines of another part and once more, Miran cackles like a madman. The editor makes him do it again. Miran looks at the clock nervously, but agrees to go for one last take. As he hurries out of the studio I dash down the corridor after him asking which part he's playing and what he was doing in the scene. "I'm Sariah," he says. "And I'm crazily in love with the main character, Thuraya. She's a widow - and - well her teenage son's been stolen by IS-gunmen and - look, I'm so sorry," he says apologetically "but I have to run back to the newsroom - I've got to put the bulletin together for the next hour." Radio Alwan works on a distinctly low budget. Many members of the cast are played by the station's newsreaders and presenters and yet their drama is surprisingly polished. The studio engineers take particular pride in their sound effects. "Bombings can be taken from the internet," they explain. "But did you know that rhythmically clicking your fingers can sound like the first drops of a heavy rain shower?" They're interested in how the Archers - the BBC's long-established rural radio soap opera, broadcast in the UK - does its animal sounds. But when I reveal how that programme dramatised a stabbing recently, they say, "Oh that one's easy. They often do it in Sad Northern Nights - you just stick a steak knife in a cabbage." If the soap was about anywhere other than Syria, you might call the storylines melodramatic, but as the scriptwriter Mahmoud points out, all his plots resonate with Syrians because they're just hearing their own story. Is it really so unbelievable, he asks politely, that a disillusioned teenager whose father has been killed by the regime should prove easy pickings for IS? That a desperate widow should think of joining the migrant trail? Or that an educated lawyer and founding member of the free Syrian Army should think of nothing but revenge after his entire family is wiped out in an air strike? He winds a lock of his hair around his fingers and lets the curls spring back. "My drama doesn't try to give answers," he explains, "but it does aim to get our listeners asking themselves what they would do in such a situation." And perhaps it also gives them comfort - a 15-minute pause in their lives where they can switch on the radio and lose themselves in Dima's hopeless crush on Sariah and Sariah's desperate wooing of Thuraya. Mahmoud smiles. "Our characters need to be realistic," he says. "And Syrians are just regular people, war or no war. Even through these brutal days they love and they laugh and they live." In the newsroom, Miran is frantically editing the running order as Mais prepares to read the bulletin. Later, after work, she'll become Thuraya in Sad Northern Nights, desperate to get her son back from IS before he's brainwashed. "Does she manage I ask," as she bundles her scripts, "and does she get her man?" But Sami cuts in quickly. "Season 3," he grins ushering me away. "Coming soon." Listen to Emma Jane Kirby's report from Radio Alwan for the PM programme on BBC Radio 4: Subscribe to the BBC News Magazine's email newsletter to get articles sent to your inbox.	Output: The hard-hitting soap for a country at war	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
TASK DEFINITION: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. PROBLEM: Northampton Film Festival was set up to reach "disenfranchised" young people and it is being backed by The Watchmen/From Hell author, who is from the town. "The fact I could express myself creatively was the thing that saved me from certain doom," said Moore. "To offer that to these young people - it can't be valued enough." Becky Adams, director of organisers Screen Northants, said finding new audiences had been "hard" but worth it. "We hear a lot from young people who think doors have closed," she said. "The joy of film is that everyone is out of their comfort zone. "When you're in that position, your confidence improves." Ellen Page, 17, signed up as a volunteer after "struggling" with social anxiety, to the extent she had to sit her exams in a smaller room as big groups of people "overwhelmed" her. She helped to shape the new festival's programme alongside industry experts twice her age. "I had to make the choice to speak. It was amazing," she said. "I've regained a lot of my confidence." More on Moore: Moore, who recently filmed his first movie The Show in Northampton, spent five hours watching competition entries as a festival judge and said he was "incredibly impressed". "We rely upon the energy of this next generation. [Not] giving them a bleak relentless message of futility is as important as anything I can think of," he said. A awards evening for the categories of Northampton, Northamptonshire and Coming of Age is on Wednesday at The Royal theatre. About 100 people aged 16-24 have attended festival events and workshops, which run until 27 March. Kate Dow, 24, is showing a film she made about feeling "alienated" while growing up. "I wanted to make something that showed my discomfort," she said. "It was cathartic putting that together… I don't feel like that anymore." SOLUTION: Alan Moore 'impressed' by Northampton Film Festival PROBLEM: "Healthy foods are three times more expensive calorie-for-calorie than unhealthy foods so there's a very strong price differential in a typical basket," says Anna Taylor, executive director of the independent think tank Food Foundation. Vegetables are getting cheaper but, she says, there are people who "haven't got enough money to put food on the table, so for them, trying to secure 10 portions of fruit and veg a day in their diets would be impossible." The study by Imperial College London, calculated that increasing our fruit and veg intake to 10-a-day could prevent 7.8 million premature deaths each year. But currently only around a quarter of adults in the UK achieve the five-a-day target. The British Heart Foundation did a survey which found that a third of UK adults are struggling to afford to eat healthily. So is 10-a-day realistically affordable? "For some people it is," says Victoria Taylor, senior dietitian at the BHF. "But for others it would take some serious thought and commitment in terms of working out which fruit and vegetables will be affordable. But it's important to keep in mind that our target is five a day and this study found that the best effects were seen for people who are currently getting below this number. "The focus on 10 is, in a sense, moving the goalposts and it would be a shame if this put people off aiming for five, or even just having one more portion a day." The British Dietetic Association says: "What it tells us is that the benefits of eating fruit and vegetables are incremental - in other words eating five portions a day is great, but 10 a day is even better." So any improvement in your fruit and vegetable intake is a benefit. Victoria Taylor says cost is not the only reason we don't eat enough fruit and veg. "There are numerous factors that influence our food choice. Cost is important but so is taste, cooking skills, storage facilities and ability to get to and from the shops. It's hard to say how much is specifically due to the price of food as all of these issues are interrelated." Tips on buying fruit and veg Source: BHF and BDA The Food Foundation is hosting a conference in June bringing together businesses, farmers, retailers and government departments which aims to make it easier for people to eat vegetables. Some of the ideas they will be looking at are current pilots in America where if food stamps are spent on fruit and veg, they can be doubled in value so "you create a positive incentive for people to spend their vouchers on fruit and veg because you're giving them more value". Another scheme sees people who have early stage type 2 diabetes or are pre-diabetic being prescribed fruit and veg and getting vouchers to spend in local markets "to help them rethink their diets and get their diets on track". Why did we write this article? We asked BBC readers to send us their questions about the 10-a-day diet and then our health team wrote this piece to try to answer as many as possible. A lot of people asked about the cost implications of trying to achieve a 10-a-day diet. Gary asked: "Should fruit and vegetables be heavily subsidized by the government to encourage further consumption?" Gary explained to us the thinking behind his question: "Simple consumer habits dictate that people consume more of something when it is cheaper. I believe the same economic principle can be applied to fruit and vegetables. When people go shopping, they have to make the choice of what to buy, and usually, the best value items win." With concern over the cost of healthy eating, some have asked whether the government should subsidise fruit and veg? At the moment, the government has "measures in place to support low income families, pregnant women and children under four through Healthy Start Vouchers. These can be spent on milk, fresh or frozen fruit and vegetables." They also point out that all infant pupils can now get free school meals and they've announced £10m funding a year to expand breakfast clubs in up to 1,600 schools. Currently only 70% of those eligible get the healthy start vouchers and Anna Taylor says the Food Foundation will debate whether that programme should be expanded to include a broader income group or wider age range at its conference. As she points out, this "would create a positive pull of demand - and thereby help to strengthen the British horticulture sector at the same time." And she thinks in the post-Brexit world there is a big opportunity to help farmers. "Doesn't it make sense to join up our farming policy with our health policy and think about - could we increase consumer subsidies to really drive up demand so our horticulturalists benefit as well - it's win-win." "There are lots of different ways we could make it easier to eat veg - which go beyond price and much more about our whole food environment and to what extent fruit and veg is a strong part of that and encouraging us to eat it." She points out when you look at advertising only "1% of food and soft drink advertising spend goes on fresh veg". But she believes we need to change our whole way of thinking about fruit and veg and the messages we send - even down to children's TV where, she says, it is "demonised". "It's set against delicious and junk food or cream cakes, and fruit and veg is the yucky thing that kids don't want to eat. There's a bit of that subliminal stuff that happens in kids' TV because it's funny but it's kind of normalising that this is stuff that you don't want to be eating - so there's a job of work there beyond advertising, in broadcasting to try and not normalise that this is worthy but not tasty." SOLUTION: Is the 10-a-day diet only for the wealthy? PROBLEM: The seven were reportedly detained on Monday for "promoting sexual deviancy", but have not yet been formally charged. Prosecutors opened an investigation after images from the concert by the Lebanese band Mashrou' Leila - whose lead singer is openly gay - went viral. Homosexuality is not explicitly criminalised under Egyptian law. But the authorities routinely arrest people suspected of engaging in consensual homosexual conduct on charges of "debauchery", "immorality" or "blasphemy". The advocacy group, Solidarity With Egypt LGBTQ+, said late last year that it had recorded 114 criminal investigations involving 274 lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender individuals since 2013. The raising of the rainbow flag was a rare public show of support for the LGBT community in the conservative Muslim country. Late on Monday, the state news agency reported that Public Prosecutor Nabil Sadek had ordered an investigation by the State Security Prosecution after images posted on social media were condemned by several politicians and media figures. The deputy head of the Egyptian Musicians Syndicate, Reda Ragab, meanwhile said it would be taking steps to stop Mashrou' Leila performing again in the country. "We are a religious, conservative society, an identity we need to preserve," he told the Daily News Egypt website. "This is a scandal against our traditions and far from serious and meaningful art." The Egyptian feminist and writer Mona Eltahawy condemned the actions of both the authorities and the musicians syndicate. "It is utterly ridiculous to arrest anyone for waving a flag. It is utterly ridiculous to arrest anyone for their sexuality as #Egypt does," she wrote on Twitter. Mashrou' Leila has twice been banned from performing in Jordan. On Saturday, it said the Cairo concert "was one of the best shows we've ever played". "Was an honour to play to such a wonderful crowd! So much love!" SOLUTION:	Seven arrested in Egypt after raising rainbow flag at concert	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Teacher:Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: By Robin SheeranBBC News NI They say running events and triathlons across NI are particularly vulnerable due to the increased costs incurred. A law, which came into effect in late 2017, transferred responsibility for permits from police to councils. The Department for Infrastructure said any proposal to amend or revoke the legislation would require the approval of a minister of the NI Executive. Northern Ireland has had no government since January 2017, when a power-sharing deal collapsed. 'Slaughtered' Ciaran Kearney, from NI Sports Forum, says nine events have been cancelled this year in the Downpatrick area alone. The Ireman triathlon, due to be held in Groomsport, County Down, in September, has also been cancelled. Community Multisport, the not-for-profit company which organised the event, informed entrants this was "due to the uncertainty, red tape and costs" associated with the legislation. Conal Heatley, from the organisation, said it had "slaughtered the calendar for smaller events". "Unfortunately, the legislation is broken," he said. "It doesn't work." Peter Jack, from the Triangle Triathlon Club, questioned whether the government really wanted to fight illnesses such as heart disease and diabetes. "It's a tax on health and fitness, a tax on charities and a tax on Northern Ireland," he said. Signage and cones The legislation imposes a stringent set of requirements on events held on public roads. There is no set charge for permits - the amount has been left to the discretion of councils. Some have decided to issue free permits to small events, while others charge hundreds of pounds. Event organisers claim there is no consistency in the fees being charged. Depending on the nature of the event, organisers may have to supply a traffic management plan and risk assessment, and proof they have consulted residents or businesses. Organisers are responsible for road signage and cones but these can only be put in place by qualified contractors. Previously, organisers obtained permission from the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) under general policing powers and there was no charge. A Department for Infrastructure spokesperson said the legislation was first enacted in 2010 and was "subject to both a public consultation and the scrutiny of the full assembly process". He said councils had "a discretionary power to recover costs incurred". The PSNI said any sporting event requiring any restriction or regulation of traffic fell within the remit of the new road closure application arrangements. "As with all new processes and procedures it is expected that there will be some teething problems, particularly given that this represents a significant change for event organisers and the district councils who handle the applications," they said. "Once the application and traffic regulation order come to police for action, it is very much business as usual for us and we engage with organisers to formulate plans and discuss what resources are required. "Given that we are almost a year since the changes were introduced, police have seen a significant improvement in how the applications are being submitted and processed." Student:	Amateur sports events 'slaughtered' by new rules	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task. Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. But Eluned Morgan conceded that it would be "difficult for us to stop" from a legal point of view. Her comments were criticised by a Labour AM. Alun Davies said threatening legal action "sounds like the last breath before you're thrown out of the pub". Mr Davies said he was not convinced the Welsh Government would "have a leg to stand on" in trying to shape international trade deals after Brexit. Following Donald Trump's comments during last week's trade visit that the NHS would be "on the table" in any future trade talks between the UK and the USA, Eluned Morgan said there was "absolutely no prospect whatsoever of us allowing the Welsh NHS to be part of any negotiation." The US President then rowed back on his initial comments following criticism from a number of MPs. Asked about her response to President Trump's remarks as she gave evidence to the Assembly's Brexit committee on Monday, Ms Morgan said "legally, it would be difficult for us to stop because we don't have a veto over trade". "Politically, I think it's extremely unlikely to happen," the international relations and the Welsh language minister said. "They [the UK Government] should not be concluding any trade agreements without consulting us where we have the power." Ms Morgan explained that UK and Welsh government officials are working on an agreement or 'concordat' for how future trade deals are negotiated. During a robust exchange, the Labour AM Alun Davies said: "I want something which is in law to which I can hold you to account and which colleagues in Westminster can hold the UK Government to account. "The argument we'll make life difficult for them, it sounds alright on the street, but it's not the reality of intergovernmental relations." "The United Kingdom has to find a way of functioning. "At the moment, your answers aren't giving me any confidence that there is that structure in place because, if the Welsh Government's argument is, 'we'll see you in court', it's not a very impressive argument either for the continuation of the structure of United Kingdom as a state or the commitment of the government within the United Kingdom to actually work together," he added. Responding to the criticism, Ms Morgan said: "Is the current intergovernmental structure adequate? "Absolutely not... and it's not just in relation to trade, it's in relation to almost every aspect of government policy. So, that infrastructure needs to be built." Solution: NHS Wales: Court action if trade deals affect service? Why? The output phrase is the appropriate title for the given text and it highlights the essence of the passage. New input: By Alex TherrienHealth reporter, BBC News The analysis tracked the health of 90,257 women in the US for up to 30 years. Those with excess weight were likelier to have a stroke or heart attack, even if they had normal blood pressure and cholesterol and no diabetes, it found. Researchers said it showed "healthy obesity is not a harmless condition". Obesity affects almost all of the cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as high blood pressure, excess cholesterol and diabetes. But some obese people do not appear to have these metabolic disorders, leading scientists to debate whether or not the excess weight actually raises their risk. This new study found women who were overweight or obese (BMIs in excess of 25 and 30 respectively) but had none of these risk factors were 20% and 39% more likely to develop cardiovascular disease than women of a normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9) who were metabolically healthy. However, the authors said it showed an association rather than cause and effect, and was mainly in white women, meaning the findings cannot be generalised to other ethnic groups or men. "Our large cohort study confirms that metabolically healthy obesity is not a harmless condition, and even women who remain free of metabolic diseases for decades face an increased risk of cardiovascular events," said Prof Matthias Schulze, from the German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, who led the study. Women who were a normal weight but metabolically unhealthy were around two-and-a-half times more likely to develop cardiovascular disease than women of the same weight who were metabolically healthy. That risk was even greater in women who were overweight and obese, said the study, published in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology journal. Experts also found that the majority of metabolically healthy women developed either high blood pressure, excess cholesterol or diabetes as they got older, even if they were normal weight. Fitness vs fatness Prof Schulze added: "Our findings highlight the importance of preventing the development of metabolic diseases. "They suggest that even individuals in good metabolic health may benefit from early behavioural management to improve their diet and increased physical activity in order to guard against progression to poor metabolic health." Jeremy Pearson, associate medical director at the British Heart Foundation, added: "This large scale study confirms that obesity, even if unaccompanied by other warning signs, increases risk of cardiovascular disease in women." However, Prof Carl Lavie, from the University of Queensland School of Medicine in New Orleans, who was not involved in the research, said he and colleagues had argued that "fitness is more important than fatness". He noted that the study did not have precise data on the participants' physical activity and their cardio fitness. He added: "It is prudent to remind ourselves that an ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure." BMI and obesity: Where are you on the UK fat scale? Use this calculator to find out your own body mass index (BMI) and see how you compare with the rest of the nation. You will also get tips from health experts and useful links to information on how to improve your health. Your BMI Your BMI is [bmi_result] which is in the [bmi_category] category. BMI is a standard way of measuring if people are a healthy weight for their height. For most adults 18.5 to 24.9 is the healthy range. Your age group Your BMI is [comparative] the average of [bmi_score] for a [gender_singular] in your age group ([user_age_group]) in [user_country]. About [percent]% of [gender_plural] in your age group in [user_country] are overweight, obese or very obese. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Percentages may not sum to 100 due to rounding Your part of the UK In all parts of the UK, the majority of the adult population is overweight, obese or very obese, according to the latest national surveys. In [region], the figure is about [percentage]% of [gender_plural]. Wales BMI data is gatherered through self measurement so may be an underestimate What does this mean for you? The information you've given us indicates you could be underweight. There can be health risks associated with a low BMI such as anaemia, osteoporosis, a weakened immune system and fertility problems. This is not a medical diagnostic tool so don't panic if this isn't the result you were expecting to see. If you're concerned about your weight, or your health in general, speak to a healthcare professional such as your GP. Follow the links for more information and advice on what to do if you're underweight: You're in the healthy range which is great. Research shows that having a healthy BMI can reduce your risk of serious health problems, such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke and some cancers. But not all people with a BMI in this range have a lower risk. Other factors such as smoking, high blood cholesterol or high blood pressure will increase your risk. If you're of Asian descent you have a higher risk of heart disease and diabetes at a lower BMI and waist circumference. A healthy BMI for you would be 18.5-23. We're more likely to gain weight as we get older so to stay a healthy weight you may need to make small changes to your diet or your activity levels as you age. Here are some tips to help you stay healthy: The information you've given us indicates you are overweight. Research shows that a BMI above the healthy range can increase your risk of serious health problems, such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and some cancers. A healthy BMI for a person of your height would be 18.5-24.9. If you're of Asian descent you have a higher risk of heart disease and diabetes at a lower BMI and waist circumference. A healthy BMI for you would be 18.5-23. Losing even a small amount of weight, if sustained, can have a big impact. For most people changing your diet is by far the best way to lose weight. Activity can help you maintain your target weight, and can have other health benefits, but increasing activity alone is not nearly as effective as diet at helping you shed the pounds. Even small changes like reducing portion sizes or choosing lower calorie snacks and drinks can help you lose weight or stop putting it on. Here are some other options you may want to try: The information you've given us indicates you're in the obese category. Research shows that having a BMI in this range will significantly increase your risk of serious health problems, such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and some cancers. A healthy BMI for a person of your height would be 18.5-24.9. If you're of Asian descent you have a higher risk of heart disease and diabetes at a lower BMI and waist circumference. A healthy BMI for you would be 18.5-23. Losing even a small amount of weight, if sustained, can have a big impact. For most people changing your diet is by far the best way to lose weight. Activity can help you maintain your target weight, and can have other health benefits, but increasing activity alone is not nearly as effective as diet at helping you shed the pounds. There's lots of support available to help you make changes, either to lose weight or to stop putting on weight. Here are some options you may want to try: The information you've given us indicates you're in the very obese category. Research shows that having a BMI in this range will significantly increase your risk of serious health problems, such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and some cancers. A healthy BMI for a person of your height would be 18.5-24.9. If you're of Asian descent you have a higher risk of heart disease and diabetes at a lower BMI and waist circumference. A healthy BMI for you would be 18.5-23. Losing even a small amount of weight, if sustained, can have a big impact. For most people changing your diet is by far the best way to lose weight. Activity can help you maintain your target weight, and can have other health benefits, but increasing activity alone is not nearly as effective as diet at helping you shed the pounds. If you are concerned, or would like to find out more, speak to your doctor or GP. If you are ready to make lifestyle changes, there is lots of support available. Here are some options you may want to try: Your waist size BMI is not the only way of measuring whether you are a healthy weight. Doctors say that carrying too much fat around your belly can increase your risk of health problems. Excess fat in this area can stress internal organs - even if your BMI is in the healthy range. Your waist size is [size] For [gender_plural], the NHS says a waist size of: 80cm (31.5 inches) or more means an increased risk of health problems 88cm (34 inches) or more means a very high risk of health problems 94cm (37 inches) or more means an increased risk of health problems 102cm (40 inches) or more means a very high risk of health problems People from non-white ethnic groups may be at risk at a lower waist size How to check your waist with just a piece of string If you can't see the calculator tap or click here. Follow Alex on Twitter. Solution:	Study casts doubt on 'healthy obesity'	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. [Q]: Emergency services were called out to the scene on the A75 at Mousewald Banks, near Collin, east of Dumfries, at about 12:30. Police Scotland said the road had been shut in both directions as a result of the incident. Initial reports suggested that there were no serious injuries. The road reopened at about 14:45. [A]: A75 reopens following three-car crash near Dumfries [Q]: There is limited evidence the clothing helps people with eczema and dermatitis enough to justify prescribing it, a consultation document says. Officials are proposing ending the routine prescription of eight items under plans aimed at saving £68m a year. Others include an acne medication and diabetes products. The items, which are deemed to be of relatively low clinical effectiveness or to have cheaper options available for funding, are: Many prescribers will not be surprised by the recommendations and have already started phasing out some of the items. The health service in England spends more than £1.2m a year on prescriptions for silk garments, examples of which include silk baby bodysuits, infant leggings, children's pyjamas, gloves or tubular sleeves. In the case of the testing strips and needles, officials are proposing that GPs prescribe the cheaper versions of these products. It said there was a big variation in price, with strips ranging from £5 to £16 and needles costing between £4 and £30. NHS England has already ordered an end to the routine prescribing of 18 low-value items, including homeopathy treatments and over-the-counter products such as paracetamol and cough medicines. NHS England chief executive Simon Stevens said: "The NHS is one of the most efficient health services in the world but, as part of the long-term plan for the NHS, we're determined to make taxpayers' money go further and drive savings back into front-line care. "It is essential the NHS should not be paying for anything which has been proven to be ineffective or where there are safer or cheaper alternatives." The consultation comes ahead of GPs being issued with new guidance next week on gluten-free prescriptions. While patients can still receive bread and gluten-free baking mixes under NHS prescriptions, they are no longer eligible for other foodstuffs such as pizzas, cakes and biscuits, NHS England said. Officials added that the NHS began funding gluten-free food products in the late 1960s, when availability was limited, but now a wide variety of foods is available in supermarkets. The consultation will run for three months from 28 November 2018 until 28 February 2019, after which joint commissioning guidance is expected to be published by NHS England and NHS Clinical Commissioners. The National Eczema Society said it was "vital for people with eczema to have access to the right emollient products on prescription". A spokesman added: "We look forward to participating in the consultation." [A]: NHS crackdown on silk garment prescriptions [Q]: Keith Baker, 68, who found Anthony Payne dead at the 80-year-old's Bonhay Road home on Monday, said he found the gun on the bed nearby. Twins Dick and Roger Carter, 84, were found dead in Cowick Lane the next day. Police previously said a gun was not used. A 27-year-old man has been arrested on suspicion on murder. Detectives have until 22:00 GMT to question him. Mr Baker said Anthony Payne, known as Tony, had been living with him since September and they had known each other for years. He said he had not seen his friend since Saturday, and went to the house in Bonhay Road, where Mr Payne had lived previously, to see if he was there feeding his cats. Mr Baker told the BBC he found Mr Payne on his bedroom floor between his bed and the wall. "I tried to feel a pulse but I couldn't get anywhere near his neck, that's how bad he was jammed in there," he said. 'Bit of a curmudgeon' Mr Baker said there was an antique pistol on the bed but he thought it was too old to have been fired. "I could see there was something seriously wrong so I called an ambulance," he added. Mr Payne had worked on a farm after leaving school, before doing National Service in the Army, and later did building work, according to Mr Baker. Outside of work Mr Payne was a big Exeter City fan who enjoyed maintaining his allotment and looking after his cats, particularly one called Boxer, who was the "apple of his eye", Mr Baker said. He added: "He was a decent, ordinary 80-year-old bloke and I say it with affection but he was a bit of a curmudgeon." A friend of one of the twin brothers who were murdered said he "wouldn't have done anything to harm anybody". Martyn Liddon, who runs Exeter-based charity Men in Sheds, said he became friends with Dick Carter when talking to him on the bus. He said the brothers were both recluses and he could not understand what had happened. "When I heard about it I had tears in my eyes," he added. "I was totally gutted because they wouldn't have done anything to harm anybody." Police were first called to Bonhay Road at 15:00 on Monday where Mr Payne's body was found. Officers then found the Carter brothers dead about 1.5 miles (2.4km) away at 13:00 on Tuesday. The levels of violence involved in the deaths led detectives to link the deaths. On Wednesday, Det Ch Insp Roy Linden said "significant police resources" had been committed to the investigation and officers were managing more than 155 "priority lines of inquiry" and had seized nearly 300 exhibits. He said there was "no clear motive" and "no clear relationship" between the parties involved. [A]:	Exeter murder case: Gun 'found near body' of victim, 80	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
instruction: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. question: By Deborah Cohen & Jake MorrisBBC Newsnight A study by Sheffield council shows people in low-paid jobs, with insecure contracts, who couldn't afford to isolate have been hardest hit by the disease in the city. The council split its population into 10 income brackets, from the wealthiest to the most deprived, and looked at Covid case rates in each group. While the rates were generally greater among the less well-off, they were highest of all in the third income group, rather than the poorest or second poorest. "The impact is really on the working poor," said Sheffield's director of public health, Greg Fell. This group is "most likely to be low paid", on insecure contracts and unable to afford to isolate. "Transmission in that group of people is much higher," said Mr Fell. Patrick Meleady recognises the impact first-hand, from his work with a food bank in east Sheffield. "People here work in factories, are care workers, bus drivers and taxi drivers," said Mr Meleady. "So they're on the front line having an interaction," he said. "If you're in another area and you're more affluent and you've got a different career path, you're going to remove yourself from that [risk of Covid]." The findings are supported by further research carried out by Sheffield City Council, which mapped Covid case rates as they spread across the urban population in the first wave. The mapping, in the animated video below, shows that at the start, cases appeared among people living in the wealthier west of the city, driven perhaps by those returning from half-term ski trips. It then spread and remained stubbornly embedded in the poorer east. By the end of June, as national case numbers plummeted and England emerged from its first lockdown, the majority of new positive cases were confined to the most deprived area of the city. These poorer areas have continued to experience high rates of Covid in the second wave too. The fact the disease has affected poorer areas more than wealthy ones in the UK has been well recorded. Work by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) shows those living in the most deprived neighbourhoods are more than twice as likely to die from Covid as those in the least deprived. But Greg Fell is "surprised by the starkness" of what the council found in Sheffield. "It was always going to be something that was only unevenly or unequally split," he said. It's not just jobs that play a role in Covid risks. Poor housing has been known as a factor for some time. A recent study of housing conditions looked at how the number of people living in a house, and the number of rooms, affected Covid risk. The research, run by University College London's Virus Watch team, found a clear link. Overcrowded households "had twice the risk of coronavirus infection compared to people living in un-crowded households," said Prof Rob Aldridge who runs the study. The high verses low income split in Covid cases is consistent with existing differences in health in Sheffield. The difference in life expectancy can be as much as 20 years, says Dr Jennie Joyce, a GP working in the city. And existing illnesses, such as diabetes and heart disease, may mean people getting sicker from Covid. She's not surprised by the impact. "I think we did know that on the ground. It just wasn't coming down from the top," she said. A report prepared by Sheffield's Citizens Advice Bureau shows those who were already struggling pre-Covid are in a worse position now. It cites factors including not being able to travel to cheaper food shops and higher heating and lighting costs from being at home, and it warns the poor have got into greater debt. Gulnaz Hussain, who works at Firvale Community Hub, says money is always tight for people in the nearby area. And when work is always uncertain for many in the city, Covid can feel like one more thing "We have community and community resilience, and being able to know how to cope in difficult situations," says Ms Husain. "This is just another one of those risks." Watch Deborah Cohen's report for Newsnight on BBC iPlayer (UK only). answer: Covid: The 'working poor' are hardest hit, Sheffield study finds question: It also said delays in deliveries of its new A350 and A320neo airliners were creating a drain on cash. The world's second largest aircraft maker reported a 23% fall in first quarter operating profits to €501m ($568m; £390m). Chief executive Tom Enders said: "2016 turns out to be the challenging year we anticipated." Finance director Harald Wilhelm said the financial impact from recent problems with the gearbox on the A400M's giant turboprop engines could be "significant". Airbus has already taken charges of more than €4bn for delays to the A400m programme, as well as a €3.5bn bailout from government customers in 2010. The company also said problems in its supply chain had led to a queue of A350 and A320neo jets waiting for delivery. But it said it would ramp up deliveries in the second half of 2016 and should hit its target of 50 this year, although Mr Wilhelm admitted it would be "tougher". Airbus' profits from its helicopter business have also been hit by weaker demand from the oil industry. The freezing of export credits by European agencies this month has forced Airbus to provide its own financial help to customers Airbus offered €255m in loans to customers in the last three months - compared with just €31m in the same period last year. European export credits were put on hold after Airbus said it had uncovered errors in declarations on the use of foreign sales agents and reported them to the UK authorities. Airbus said it was confident the credits would be restored later this year. answer: Airbus profit falls in 'challenging year' question: The incident occurred after Wales' Rugby World Cup Sevens win over Samoa on 22 July in the United States. Tom Williams suffered a broken nose and cheekbone while Luke Morgan and Ben Roach also suffered facial injuries. Langkilde, 22, must pay compensation to the victims and withdraw from playing all rugby for a year. He has also been ordered to write a letter of apology to the victims, complete 100 hours community service, donate $2,500 (£1,900) to charity and complete an anger management course. World Rugby - the game's governing body - has suspended Langkilde while it carries out its own investigation. The incident began as players walked down the tunnel of AT&T Park in San Francisco following Wales' 24-19 victory. Williams had scored the match-winning try in extra time but was forced to miss the following day's competition due to his injuries. Langkilde pleaded guilty to two misdemeanour counts of assault with force likely to cause great bodily injury and is now permitted to leave the US. He had previously denied two criminal counts of battery and one of assault, and was prohibited from leaving the country. No Wales players were sanctioned following the incident. answer:	Samoan rugby player pleads guilty to assaulting Wales players	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Part 1. Definition Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. Part 2. Example But Eluned Morgan conceded that it would be "difficult for us to stop" from a legal point of view. Her comments were criticised by a Labour AM. Alun Davies said threatening legal action "sounds like the last breath before you're thrown out of the pub". Mr Davies said he was not convinced the Welsh Government would "have a leg to stand on" in trying to shape international trade deals after Brexit. Following Donald Trump's comments during last week's trade visit that the NHS would be "on the table" in any future trade talks between the UK and the USA, Eluned Morgan said there was "absolutely no prospect whatsoever of us allowing the Welsh NHS to be part of any negotiation." The US President then rowed back on his initial comments following criticism from a number of MPs. Asked about her response to President Trump's remarks as she gave evidence to the Assembly's Brexit committee on Monday, Ms Morgan said "legally, it would be difficult for us to stop because we don't have a veto over trade". "Politically, I think it's extremely unlikely to happen," the international relations and the Welsh language minister said. "They [the UK Government] should not be concluding any trade agreements without consulting us where we have the power." Ms Morgan explained that UK and Welsh government officials are working on an agreement or 'concordat' for how future trade deals are negotiated. During a robust exchange, the Labour AM Alun Davies said: "I want something which is in law to which I can hold you to account and which colleagues in Westminster can hold the UK Government to account. "The argument we'll make life difficult for them, it sounds alright on the street, but it's not the reality of intergovernmental relations." "The United Kingdom has to find a way of functioning. "At the moment, your answers aren't giving me any confidence that there is that structure in place because, if the Welsh Government's argument is, 'we'll see you in court', it's not a very impressive argument either for the continuation of the structure of United Kingdom as a state or the commitment of the government within the United Kingdom to actually work together," he added. Responding to the criticism, Ms Morgan said: "Is the current intergovernmental structure adequate? "Absolutely not... and it's not just in relation to trade, it's in relation to almost every aspect of government policy. So, that infrastructure needs to be built." Answer: NHS Wales: Court action if trade deals affect service? Explanation: The output phrase is the appropriate title for the given text and it highlights the essence of the passage. Part 3. Exercise The study, led by the University of Edinburgh, found that the condition reduced lifespans across all levels of society. Having type 2 diabetes lowered life expectancy by five and a half years for some people with the condition. The health records of three million people in Scotland were used to generate estimated life expectancies. About 5% of people in Scotland have diabetes, with type 2 making up 90% of cases. What is type 2 diabetes? Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition associated with obesity and family history and is more likely to be diagnosed in older people. It's more common than type 1 diabetes. It is caused by problems with controlling blood sugar levels - either because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or if a body's cells do not react to insulin as they should. The condition is treated by medication or controlling a person's diet. The records of 250,000 people with type 2 diabetes were analysed and compared with 2.8 million people without the chronic condition. The estimated life expectancies for people aged between 40 and 89 were then worked out. Across all social levels, women over the age of 40 and men aged 40-80 with type 2 diabetes were expected to have shorter lives. Only the life expectancies of men over 80 and from the most deprived areas were found not to be affected by the health condition. Sarah Wild, a professor in epidemiology (the study of health and disease across populations) at the University of Edinburgh, said: "Our study suggests that to improve life expectancy, we should encourage prevention and management for type 2 diabetes across all of society. "Although type 2 diabetes is a serious condition, healthy lifestyle choices can have a positive impact on management." Answer:	Type 2 diabetes 'lowers life expectancies'	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. Dave LeeNorth America technology reporter Reuters reported that the companies were in negotiations but no deal had been agreed. The move would enable Google to produce its own smartwatches. It already develops a version of Android for wearables. Fitbit's share price increased by 19% before being suspended. Google has not commented. A spokeswoman for Fitbit said it "does not comment on rumours or speculation". Reuters did not say what sum had been offered. It emerged in September that Fitbit, currently valued by the markets at around $1.4bn (£1.1bn) after Monday's surge, was touting itself for a sale. Fitbit, which in its latest quarterly earnings posted a loss of $68.5m, is looking precarious as a standalone entity since bigger firms have gained a strong footing in wearable technology. "A key tipping point is likely to have been Apple's decision to price its Series 3 Apple Watch at $199/£199," said Leo Gebbie, from the consultancy CCS Insight. "That will have put immense pressure on Fitbit's own products, which are already feeling the challenge from low-cost rivals such as [China's] Xiaomi." In an attempt to diversify its income, Fitbit has expanded into other areas - including monitoring users' breathing during sleep, and diabetes management. But the firm trails Huawei, Apple and Xiaomi in fitness tech sales. For Google the deal, if confirmed, would represent a renewed effort to develop its Wear OS platform. "Although Google has been lukewarm in its commitment to wearables recently, this indicates it is serious about the segment and could provide a strong boost to its ambitions," Mr Gebbie added. CCS Insight predicted 142 million wearable devices would be sold worldwide this year, at a value of $17.1bn. Meanwhile, Google's parent company Alphabet released its third quarter results which showed a drop in net profit to $7bn in the three months to 30 September. Analysts had been expecting profit of $8.8bn. It fell from $9bn in same period last year when changes to US tax law had boosted Alphabet's bottom line. Total third quarter revenue rose by 20% to $40.5bn.	Fitbit shares halted on Google takeover report	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Q: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. Fergus WalshMedical correspondent All the volunteers will already be part of UK Biobank, and have supplied DNA and given detailed health information. The scans will be compared and cross-referenced with other data. The aim is to try to improve the diagnosis and treatment of a huge range of diseases. Currently 500,000 adults aged 40-69 are enrolled in UK Biobank which is supported by the Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation and governments across the UK. When they enrolled they gave blood and urine samples, underwent fitness and cognitive tests, and answered detailed lifestyle questions. Now one in five participants will be asked to give up half a day and undergo a series of scans including MRI, X-ray and ultrasound. The scans are non-invasive and the amount of radiation from the low-level X-ray is similar to that emitted by an airport security scanner. Analysis Prof Sir Rory Collins, Chief Executive UK Biobank said: "We are trying to understand why one person gets a disease and another does not. The scanning information, when analysed alongside all the existing health data, will give researchers a unique opportunity to study the causes of ill-health." The scanning project is not a healthcheck, and no feedback will be given to participants. They will not get to see their scans, which, like the other health data, will be anonymised. However, if a potentially serious abnormality is discovered then researchers will write to the volunteer and contact their GP. UK Biobank expects to find potentially serious problems in 10-15% of volunteers. Many of these will turn out to be benign, but others will require treatment. Future generations Prof Cathie Sudlow, the chief scientist at UK Biobank said: "Early diagnosis can be very beneficial as many cancers respond best to early treatment." However, she said there were also potential downsides to getting such information. "Some cases we will come across findings where it remains uncertain or where the problem is not amenable to treatment. "So someone has to live with the knowledge that they have something that nothing can be done about, which can create worry and have a negative impact on travel and life insurance." UK Biobank accepts that this may deter some people from taking part, and says it is already hugely grateful to volunteers. Prof Collins said: "UK Biobank is a remarkable example of altruism. Participants have got involved not for themselves, but to improve the health of future generations". I was the first volunteer to undergo the scans, at UK Biobank headquarters in Stockport. The whole process takes about four hours and includes a repeat of some of the baseline measurements done on enrolment, such as height, weight and blood pressure. None of the tests is unpleasant. For those who are wary about MRI body scans, the machines used by UK Biobank have a wider aperture than standard scanners, reducing any sense of claustrophobia. It is hoped that the brain imaging may yield clues as to the causes of dementia and help improve early diagnosis. UK Biobank will also be inviting around a third of a million participants to repeat online cognitive tests they took on enrolment. The database is open to researchers worldwide. In the past two years studies have begun into a whole range of conditions, including cancer, heart disease, depression, arthritis, hearing loss, stroke, diabetes, lung function and allergies. Scientists at UK Biobank have begun to analyse the DNA of all 500,000 participants. Ageing These will be identifying 850,000 biomarkers, many of which are associated with diseases. Combining and cross-referencing the genetic information with the structural images of the body will give scientists a huge amount of comparative data which will be the biggest resource of its kind in the world. The data will become increasingly powerful in years to come as researchers feedback their results and participants develop diseases associated with ageing. The scanning project will initially be limited to participants who live in the Manchester area who can visit the facility in Stockport. After an initial pilot stage, further scanning facilities will open around the UK, with the whole project due for completion in around five years. If you want to see my TV report, click on the image below. A:	World's biggest scanning project to track diseases	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. Q: By Gemma HandyZorg-En-Vlygt, Essequibo Coast, Guyana The bright welcoming venue, framed by rice paddies, looks the picture of pastoral contentment. But behind its creation lies an unsettling reality. This upbeat community centre was built to address the devastating number of suicides both here on the scenic Essequibo Coast - and in Guyana itself, which holds the dubious distinction of the highest suicide rate in the world. World Health Organization figures claim 44.2 in every 100,000 Guyanese take their own lives, compared to a global average of 16. Shining a light on suicide The Guyana Foundation, the charity behind the Sunrise Center in Zorg-En-Vlygt, has been integral in dragging the phenomenon into the national conversation in a country where stigma surrounding mental health issues has long hindered efforts to alleviate them. A lack of adequate mainstream facilities and woefully outdated legislation - which still defines patients as "idiots" suffering "derangement" - are just some of the obstacles, says the centre's managing director Anthony Autar. Attempted suicide is still technically illegal in Guyana, carrying a custodial sentence of two years, although measures are under way to decriminalise it. "When considering mental health issues, we also look at people's ability to contribute to society," Mr Autar tells the BBC. "Learning a skill like catering or floral arrangement can improve their sense of worth and outlook for the future." Dress-making, tie-dye and yoga are also among the free courses open to the public at the facility which launched operations in June, ahead of its official October 29 opening. "We often find people who come here are isolated and don't have many strong connections. We encourage students to build friendships with each other; those relationships can help save someone's life if they're feeling suicidal," Mr Autar adds. Attendees are routinely invited to complete questionnaires assessing their emotional wellbeing and are informed about the free counselling services offered. It's part of a proactive approach to tackle depression, anxiety and low self-esteem, and remove stigma by teaching people such feelings "are as common as diabetes", says counsellor Haimraj Hamandeo. Participants are predominantly aged 25 to 45, and 75% are female. "Females are more open to assistance," Mr Hamandeo continues. "They're also more likely to attempt suicide; men are more likely to be successful at it." Opinion on just why Guyana tops the global suicide list is divided. A panel discussion organised by the University of Guyana to mark World Suicide Prevention Day in September cited relationship issues, political upheavals, poverty and high crime as contributory factors. Indo-Guyanese account for 80% of suicides, despite making up just 40% of the population in the six-race nation. Most are aged 15 to 34, with almost four men to each female. Poisoning by agricultural pesticides accounts for 65% of cases while one in five is by hanging. For each successful suicide, there's up to 25 more attempted cases, says Dr Bhiro Harry, head of psychiatry at Georgetown Public Hospital. "Many Indo-Guyanese are farmers so they have easy access to lethal pesticides," he explains. "Culturally, Indo-Guyanese folks are 'babied'. For example, I have three children in their 20s all living at home; I still make my son's breakfast every morning. Afro-Guyanese tend to have less close families and are taught to be strong and resilient." Conversely, social science lecturer Paulette Henry thinks "broken families" is a prime cause. After being personally touched by suicide when a close friend killed himself, she testifies to the emotions affecting those left behind too. "I dealt with anger, pain, a sense of loss and guilt," she says, "as a social worker I felt I should have recognised the signs." Public Health Minister Dr George Norton describes Guyana's existing national psychiatric hospital as "not fit for human consumption". He told the BBC mental health was his "personal priority" and that a national suicide prevention plan was currently being devised. That includes training additional psychiatrists and the creation of a psycho-social rehabilitation venue. Back at the Sunrise Center, Mr Hamandeo says engagement in "productive" activities had seen great successes. "Often people find an ability they didn't know they had. You see a change in the way they communicate, the way they greet you, their extra energy." That is music to the ears of centre founder Supriya Singh Bodden who must raise $3,500 (£2,850) a month from donations to run the facility - and plans to establish more across the country. "I got so depressed reading about the suicides every day, I just wanted to bring some hope into communities suffering poverty and lack of opportunity," she explains. "If we can touch people's lives in a positive way so they want to live to see another sunrise, then we have achieved something." A: How Guyana is trying to combat its high suicide rate ** Q: Professor John Wallwork is retiring after more than 20 years at Papworth Hospital in Cambridgeshire, where he carried out the operation in 1984. He said it was important for people to "think carefully" about becoming an organ donor. "Do it before times of tragedy when it's very difficult to think," he said. Professor Wallwork was also part of the team that carried out the world's first successful heart-lung transplant in America, in 1981. 'Interesting time' In the same year he set up the Heart-Lung Transplant Programmes at Papworth Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital in London. He hoped the programmes would improve the survival rate, increase the number of operations, and provide a procedure that would be used by medical professionals to save the lives of patients who previously would have died. There had been a number of heart-lung transplant operations carried out in Europe, but none had been successful until 1984. "If you've done your homework properly, you've learned how to do the operation, and you know something about the drugs you're going to use, then someone has to do that, so we did," said Professor Wallwork. The patient lived for about 10 years after the operation, which Professor Wallwork said was "pretty good for heart-lung transplants at that time". He described the early 1980s as "a very interesting time" for transplant surgery. "There was a time when we probably did more heart-lung transplants, combined together [at Papworth Hospital], than any other centre in the world," he said. "Now we do more of them separately, just because it's a better use of donor organs, as we don't have enough to go around." He said that better, safer, vehicles and more severe penalties for drink-driving had resulted in fewer road traffic accidents, and fewer available organs. 'Time to quit' When asked about the benefits of opting in or opting out of an organ donation scheme, he said: "There are ups and downs and I don't think it actually matters." What did matter, he said, was that people thought carefully, signed up to the organ donor register, and made sure that their families were aware of their wishes. "There are still organs that we don't get access to, tragically, because people could benefit from those," Professor Wallwork said. "That, to me, is something that people need to think about because it's a shame if you don't get the opportunity to use a heart, or a set of lungs or kidneys, to help somebody who's either leading a terrible life or might even die from their disease." He said his decision to retire came when he realised that at the age of 65, being an on-call surgeon "was getting impossible". "If you can't do on-call, then you can't do transplant surgery," he said. "There's a time to quit and a time for other people to carry on." Professor Wallwork said he planned to spend more time in his garden in Cambridge. "And cooking," he said. "I love a lot of good food and I want to do more of that." A: Transplant surgeon's call for donors before retiring ** Q: A recent report found monks at Ampleforth in North Yorkshire and Downside in Somerset hid allegations of "appalling sexual abuse". The abuse dated back the 1960s and involved pupils as young as seven. The House of Lords heard that one school took legal advice over whether it had to report the abuse. Raising the scandal in the Lords, Liberal Democrat peer Baroness Walmsley said there was a need to introduce a law to make the "reporting of child abuse an regulated activity". She said there was evidence "that one of the schools consulted its legal adviser as to whether it was legally obliged to report the abuse that it knew about". "Having learned that it was not so obliged, it decided to cover it up," she added. In response, Education Minister Lord Agnew of Oulton said it was "absolutely unacceptable for anyone to conceal abuse". "I know that there are calls for mandatory reporting," he said. But highlighting a consultation carried out, he added: "We had 760 responses from social workers, police officers and other connected parties. "Some 70% of them felt that mandatory reporting would have an adverse impact; 85% said that it would not, in itself, lead to the appropriate action being taken." He added that the government was "committed to ensuring that legislation can adequately deal with this". The Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse made the claims in a report on the English Benedictine Congregation, which has 10 monasteries in England and Wales. The report said the allegations were hidden to protect the schools' reputations. Related Internet Links Ampleforth Abbey & College Downside Abbey Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse A:	Call for mandatory child abuse reporting after school cover-ups ****	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. Q: Familiar scenes from the bilingual series, broadcast in Welsh on S4C as Y Gwyll, have been recreated at Aberystwyth University's Old College. The new exhibition includes the police office shared by DCI Tom Mathias, played by Richard Harrington, and Mali Harries' character DI Mared Rhys. Running alongside the exhibition, which runs until 22 December, are workshops. The exhibition will also include a bloody murder scene, props used by the cast and a wall dedicated to a busy investigation noticeboard, including a map showing the areas of Ceredigion which have been used during the BAFTA Cymru award-winning series. Dr Rhodri Llwyd Morgan, Pro Vice-Chancellor at Aberystwyth University, said the exhibition marks the first in a series of exhibitions which form part of an ambitious project to "bring new life to Old College." "As we prepare to resubmit our funding bid to the Heritage Lottery Fund, we hope it will show the building's potential to be used as a unique exhibition space which will attract both locals and visitors," he said. The third series of Hinterland has been filmed and will be broadcast on BBC Wales in early 2017. The Welsh language version Y Gwyll is currently being shown on S4C. A: Hinterland: Go behind the scenes of TV crime drama ** Q: "Healthy foods are three times more expensive calorie-for-calorie than unhealthy foods so there's a very strong price differential in a typical basket," says Anna Taylor, executive director of the independent think tank Food Foundation. Vegetables are getting cheaper but, she says, there are people who "haven't got enough money to put food on the table, so for them, trying to secure 10 portions of fruit and veg a day in their diets would be impossible." The study by Imperial College London, calculated that increasing our fruit and veg intake to 10-a-day could prevent 7.8 million premature deaths each year. But currently only around a quarter of adults in the UK achieve the five-a-day target. The British Heart Foundation did a survey which found that a third of UK adults are struggling to afford to eat healthily. So is 10-a-day realistically affordable? "For some people it is," says Victoria Taylor, senior dietitian at the BHF. "But for others it would take some serious thought and commitment in terms of working out which fruit and vegetables will be affordable. But it's important to keep in mind that our target is five a day and this study found that the best effects were seen for people who are currently getting below this number. "The focus on 10 is, in a sense, moving the goalposts and it would be a shame if this put people off aiming for five, or even just having one more portion a day." The British Dietetic Association says: "What it tells us is that the benefits of eating fruit and vegetables are incremental - in other words eating five portions a day is great, but 10 a day is even better." So any improvement in your fruit and vegetable intake is a benefit. Victoria Taylor says cost is not the only reason we don't eat enough fruit and veg. "There are numerous factors that influence our food choice. Cost is important but so is taste, cooking skills, storage facilities and ability to get to and from the shops. It's hard to say how much is specifically due to the price of food as all of these issues are interrelated." Tips on buying fruit and veg Source: BHF and BDA The Food Foundation is hosting a conference in June bringing together businesses, farmers, retailers and government departments which aims to make it easier for people to eat vegetables. Some of the ideas they will be looking at are current pilots in America where if food stamps are spent on fruit and veg, they can be doubled in value so "you create a positive incentive for people to spend their vouchers on fruit and veg because you're giving them more value". Another scheme sees people who have early stage type 2 diabetes or are pre-diabetic being prescribed fruit and veg and getting vouchers to spend in local markets "to help them rethink their diets and get their diets on track". Why did we write this article? We asked BBC readers to send us their questions about the 10-a-day diet and then our health team wrote this piece to try to answer as many as possible. A lot of people asked about the cost implications of trying to achieve a 10-a-day diet. Gary asked: "Should fruit and vegetables be heavily subsidized by the government to encourage further consumption?" Gary explained to us the thinking behind his question: "Simple consumer habits dictate that people consume more of something when it is cheaper. I believe the same economic principle can be applied to fruit and vegetables. When people go shopping, they have to make the choice of what to buy, and usually, the best value items win." With concern over the cost of healthy eating, some have asked whether the government should subsidise fruit and veg? At the moment, the government has "measures in place to support low income families, pregnant women and children under four through Healthy Start Vouchers. These can be spent on milk, fresh or frozen fruit and vegetables." They also point out that all infant pupils can now get free school meals and they've announced £10m funding a year to expand breakfast clubs in up to 1,600 schools. Currently only 70% of those eligible get the healthy start vouchers and Anna Taylor says the Food Foundation will debate whether that programme should be expanded to include a broader income group or wider age range at its conference. As she points out, this "would create a positive pull of demand - and thereby help to strengthen the British horticulture sector at the same time." And she thinks in the post-Brexit world there is a big opportunity to help farmers. "Doesn't it make sense to join up our farming policy with our health policy and think about - could we increase consumer subsidies to really drive up demand so our horticulturalists benefit as well - it's win-win." "There are lots of different ways we could make it easier to eat veg - which go beyond price and much more about our whole food environment and to what extent fruit and veg is a strong part of that and encouraging us to eat it." She points out when you look at advertising only "1% of food and soft drink advertising spend goes on fresh veg". But she believes we need to change our whole way of thinking about fruit and veg and the messages we send - even down to children's TV where, she says, it is "demonised". "It's set against delicious and junk food or cream cakes, and fruit and veg is the yucky thing that kids don't want to eat. There's a bit of that subliminal stuff that happens in kids' TV because it's funny but it's kind of normalising that this is stuff that you don't want to be eating - so there's a job of work there beyond advertising, in broadcasting to try and not normalise that this is worthy but not tasty." A: Is the 10-a-day diet only for the wealthy? ** Q: The Foreign Correspondents' Club (FCC) suggested visas were being used "as a weapon in international disputes". Foreign media face restrictions on the Chinese mainland but Hong Kong has long been an exception. The warning comes after China suggested US media could face "countermeasures". The US had not renewed the visas of any Chinese journalists since May 11, said foreign ministry spokesman Wang Wenbin on Tuesday. "If the US persists, China will take a necessary and legitimate response to safeguard its rights," he said. In its statement the FCC said that journalists should not be targeted for actions taken by their home countries. "The FCC calls on the Trump administration to lift its restrictions on Chinese media working in the US, and on Hong Kong and China's governments to refrain from retribution in targeting US media and journalists working in Hong Kong," it said. Many foreign media organisations, including CNN, CNBC, Bloomberg and the BBC, have staff in Hong Kong. The New York Times last month moved some of its staff from the city to Seoul, South Korea. It warned that a controversial new security law had "unsettled news organizations and created uncertainty about the city's prospects as a hub for journalism". The FCC said several media outlets in Hong Kong had reported delays in obtaining or renewing visas for journalists of several nationalities. "Restricting journalists in Hong Kong by reducing their numbers and interfering with their ability to report freely will damage Hong Kong's international standing and reputation," it said. Press freedom in Hong Kong has been in the spotlight in recent weeks, after Beijing introduced the new security law which critics say drastically curtails free speech. The government says it is necessary to restore stability and security in Hong Kong, which was hit by months of often-violent protests last year. In its statement on Thursday, the FCC urged the Hong Kong government "to clarify the impact of the new national security law on journalists working in the city". It asked for a guarantee that journalists would be "free to continue their work without intimidation or obstruction". Are foreign journalists under pressure in Hong Kong? When the former British colony was handed back to China in 1997, it was guaranteed substantial freedoms under a "one country, two systems" principle. But even before the 2020 security law Beijing had been accused of increasingly undermining freedom of speech and the media. In 2018, Financial Times journalist and FCC vice-president Victor Mallet was barred from entering the city on a tourist visa. It came a month after the territory refused to renew his work visa without explanation. The FCC had previously angered Beijing by hosting a guest speaker who advocated Hong Kong independence. Earlier in 2020, mainland China effectively expelled journalists from three leading US newspapers when it ordered reporters from the New York Times, the Washington Post and the Wall Street Journal to return their media passes within days. What is the new security law? A:	Hong Kong foreign press says journalists being targeted in US-China stand-off ****	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Instructions: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. Input: There is limited evidence the clothing helps people with eczema and dermatitis enough to justify prescribing it, a consultation document says. Officials are proposing ending the routine prescription of eight items under plans aimed at saving £68m a year. Others include an acne medication and diabetes products. The items, which are deemed to be of relatively low clinical effectiveness or to have cheaper options available for funding, are: Many prescribers will not be surprised by the recommendations and have already started phasing out some of the items. The health service in England spends more than £1.2m a year on prescriptions for silk garments, examples of which include silk baby bodysuits, infant leggings, children's pyjamas, gloves or tubular sleeves. In the case of the testing strips and needles, officials are proposing that GPs prescribe the cheaper versions of these products. It said there was a big variation in price, with strips ranging from £5 to £16 and needles costing between £4 and £30. NHS England has already ordered an end to the routine prescribing of 18 low-value items, including homeopathy treatments and over-the-counter products such as paracetamol and cough medicines. NHS England chief executive Simon Stevens said: "The NHS is one of the most efficient health services in the world but, as part of the long-term plan for the NHS, we're determined to make taxpayers' money go further and drive savings back into front-line care. "It is essential the NHS should not be paying for anything which has been proven to be ineffective or where there are safer or cheaper alternatives." The consultation comes ahead of GPs being issued with new guidance next week on gluten-free prescriptions. While patients can still receive bread and gluten-free baking mixes under NHS prescriptions, they are no longer eligible for other foodstuffs such as pizzas, cakes and biscuits, NHS England said. Officials added that the NHS began funding gluten-free food products in the late 1960s, when availability was limited, but now a wide variety of foods is available in supermarkets. The consultation will run for three months from 28 November 2018 until 28 February 2019, after which joint commissioning guidance is expected to be published by NHS England and NHS Clinical Commissioners. The National Eczema Society said it was "vital for people with eczema to have access to the right emollient products on prescription". A spokesman added: "We look forward to participating in the consultation." Output:	NHS crackdown on silk garment prescriptions	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Instructions: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. Input: By Tim Donovan & Susana Mendonca & Sam FrancisBBC London More than six million people are registered to vote in the capital on 6 May. We asked each candidate why they think they should get your vote, and quizzed them on their priorities. Here is what they had to say. Shaun Bailey, Conservatives London needs a fresh start. Sadiq Khan has failed to deliver. Under Sadiq Khan, we've seen record levels of crime. We've seen council tax bills hiked. And of course, we've seen no delivery on housing. I have a plan to give London a fresh start to move in the right direction. I'll get 8,000 extra police officers on the streets, 4,000 youth workers to help our young people. I'll build 100,000 homes for £100,000 using shared ownership. Each one of those homes will produce 2.4 jobs. The biggest problem in London is undoubtedly the crime epidemic. Even Sadiq Khan himself said the streets of London are no longer safe for women and girls. That's just not acceptable. That's why I will reopen 38 police stations that Sadiq Khan has closed I spend much of my time bridging the gap between communities and police and I will do that across all of London. And I have a plan to generate 924,000 jobs over a five-year period. Watch an extended interview with Shaun Bailey here. Kam Balayev, Renew Londoners are sitting on a goldmine. I want to unlock this cash from my platform, which is the new economy. We are being robbed on a daily basis. By the time Londoners are done reading this interview, they will have generated enough data for Big Tech to turn into cash. I simply want to reverse this. I want to take some of the profits from Big Tech, that they generate from us, and invest back in us through a pay rise and affordable homes for Londoners. I think we need to rethink our conversation and our relationship with Big Tech. Of course, we have to work together with 10 Downing Street and other stakeholders. Alone it's not achievable. Watch an extended interview with Kam Balayev here. Sian Berry, Green Party Londoners are crying out for a new start after the year we've had - and the existing problems we had even before coronavirus. They want to see a real green recovery. One that invests in people, in a secure future, and they're ready to vote for it. The Greens are ready to roll up our sleeves, like Green mayors all over London, and build up that green economy. The housing crisis has been hugely worsened by the coronavirus crisis. We now have renters all over London in arrears. We have a massive shortage of social housing and we're knocking down perfectly good council homes and not replacing them for years. It has to stop. We need a mayor of London who is willing to get involved. London's current mayor is leaving a lot of gaps in Green policies. A £50m green recovery is a drop in the ocean. Watch an extended interview with Sian Berry here. Count Binface, Count Binface for Mayor of London Like many Londoners, I looked at the list of candidates in 2021 and I thought "this is looking like a rubbish election". And you know, rubbish is kind of my thing. So I thought, 'why not throw my bin into the ring?'. My plan is to put London on the map. London's pigeons also need sorting out. They've been getting away with too much for too long. But I suppose my biggest platform is about improving London's transport, improving London's cleanliness and making sure once this whole Covid nastiness is out of the way we can "build back better". That slogan is mine! One of my key platforms is to finish Crossrail. People are saying I'm mad to even attempt it but that railway needs to be built, no matter what. Watch an extended interview with Count Binface here. Valerie Brown, Burning Pink We need to change the system of government and put the power in the hands of the people. That is done through citizens' assemblies. This election for me is a really important one because we need systemic change. And if I win, it is a step in the right direction. A bold step to begin the transition from the power in the hands of politicians to power in the hands of the people. Inequality and the fact that people's voices are not heard are the biggest problems Londoners face. The majority of Londoners are actually quite poor people. People who are struggling and suffering. For London to be a truly democratic city, everybody's voice has to be heard. I want people to tell me what's important to them and how best to get around the city. Watch an extended interview with Valerie Brown here. Piers Corbyn, Let London Live Let London Live are the different party, which Londoners need to break out of the current crisis of doom and have a real prosperous way forward. The biggest threat facing Londoners is the continuation of lockdown in various forms. Covid restrictions and tracking and tracing are an infringement on freedoms. On day one, I would end all these Covid restriction measures. I would tell the police not to implement them, but to concentrate on civil policing and knife crime. And to allay the fear of people who are still going to be worried about such things, we are going to spend whatever is needed to prevent people with a serious illness from getting more ill. Currently, loads of people with cancer and diabetes are excluded from the NHS because of the Covid restrictions. No-one should be left behind. Watch an extended interview with Piers Corbyn here. Max Fosh, Independent I am running to beat Laurence Fox. I don't think I would be a good mayor at all. I don't think I have the expertise or the political knowledge to become London mayor. But I am running nonetheless, to beat the aforementioned Laurence Fox. I also want to increase the voter turnout from the younger demographic between 18-25. In the UK, we are lagging behind in terms of young people voting in comparison to our neighbours on the continent. If I was elected London mayor, which I know I'm not going to, I would listen to all of the scientists and people from industry to try and get us the best solution to get us out of Covid-19. I understand that I have absolutely no chance of winning. Watch an extended interview with Max Fosh here. Laurence Fox, Reclaim Party A year ago we locked down London for three weeks. We gave our liberty to the government for three weeks to flatten the curve. Instead of giving us our freedom back, the government is considering even more authoritarian measures. We need to get London open and moving. Bring back tourists to this great city and bring people back to work. The biggest problem facing Londoners is lack of optimism, lack of hope. They've been frightened to death, essentially. We need to give people hope and optimism to get back out there. Get back working and get a small business up and running. You need to give people an incentive to get back on the Tubes, trains and buses and get back to work and play. We can slowly get back to normal. Give people permission to enjoy their life again. It's time to get London back to work with some free transport and get the small business open, and pubs, bars and restaurants, and get people to enjoy their lives again. This is the greatest city on earth. Watch an extended interview with Laurence Fox here. Peter Gammons, UKIP I want to restore sanity to London. I'm tired of sitting in traffic because of bicycle lanes. People are tired of their roads being closed down. People are tired of decisions being made without them being consulted. I believe London needs a mayor that will represent them, not force things on them. There are a number of problems. There's a lack of affordable housing. I have strategies to build 100,000 homes for around £150,000. We need to restore community policing - police on the beat to rebuild trust. During the lockdown rallies, we've seen these violent scenes with police with riot shields. Transport for London is not run efficiently. The whole thing needs to be re-evaluated. Watch an extended interview with Peter Gammons here. Richard Hewison, Rejoin EU There is literally no-one else that represents my views standing for mayor of London. Obviously, I'm in favour of rejoining the EU - hence the name of the party I'm running for. What truly shocks me in this election is there's no candidate who is even acknowledging the problems that Brexit is bringing. Brexit is a disaster for London. The amount of people who have left London, the amount of jobs that have left London and the amount of capital that has left London - it's a disaster of an unprecedented scale. Whatever your views are on Brexit, something has to be done to address it. The biggest issues facing Londoners are the twin problems of recovering from Covid, coming out of lockdown and at the same time adjusting to the new economic realities, which for many Londoners means they are radically changing the relationship they had with suppliers, customers, people and family as a result of the changes in Brexit. Whoever becomes mayor has a massive challenge on their hands. Watch an extended interview with Richard Hewison here. Vanessa Hudson, Animal Welfare Party I'm standing for election because, regrettably, I believe the running of London has been approached from a speciesist perspective. That is to say, we have promoted the needs of humans and we haven't looked at the needs of animals and the environment. I believe, as we emerge from a pandemic, that approach no longer serves us. It is that very approach that has led us to the triple crisis we now face: the crisis of health, the crisis of biodiversity and the crisis of climate. So, as we emerge from this pandemic, we have the opportunity to forge a new way forward. I believe that London can lead the world in a new direction, acting as a beacon of innovation and of healthy, sustainable, compassionate living. Obviously, the pandemic is the issue at the forefront of everyone's mind. But the problem is that unless we change our relationship with nature, animals and the environment there could be more pandemics in the future for us to battle. Watch an extended interview with Vanessa Hudson here. Sadiq Khan, Labour If I'm re-elected I think it's possible for us to have a better city after the pandemic than before - with a brighter future for London. The mantra is going to be jobs, jobs, jobs. A green new deal, with a green skills academy, creating jobs for our young people. We need to make sure we don't let the combination of the pandemic and Brexit lead to the sort of situation we had in the 1980s - with mass unemployment and a generation written off. That's why we're going to build on the progress made in the first term with genuinely affordable homes, with making sure we're investing in young Londoners, as well as investing in the police. I'll continue to build record numbers of council homes and genuinely affordable homes, and continue to clean up the air in London. So as we began to progress on all those things, the key challenge is going to be in the next term making sure we avoid a massive recession. Watch an extended interview with Sadiq Khan here. Steve Kelleher, Social Democratic Party My vision for London is to see grandparents, parents and adult children once again within walking distance of one another. I'm going to do that by building 50,000 council houses per year by 2024. More importantly, I will prioritise people born and bred in the borough to receive those council houses. That will be fantastic for building community and will aid my second big policy, which is to back our police. I want 10,000 neighbourhood police back on the beat, giving commanders the opportunity to deal with issues without politicians getting involved. I will give free travel for everybody in the three years running up to their 25th birthday. I want to support the youth of London that have given up so much during this pandemic. I want to see them out, getting jobs and building businesses - and getting London buzzing. Watch an extended interview with Steve Kelleher here. David Kurten, Heritage Party My main principles resonate with Londoners, which are to make London safe again, get London moving again and open London. The mayor has a very strong voice in the whole political scene in the country. I think the mayor of London needs to call for an end to lockdown and an opening up of businesses, shops, theatres and music venues without restrictions. That's what we need. To get London thriving and booming again. London just needs to have the shackles taken off. Londoners are innovative. They're entrepreneurial. Londoners have got great energy. The mayor is in charge of the Met Police. What I want to do is get the police to focus on catching real criminals rather than spending a lot of time going round to people's houses and giving out fines for having a coffee morning or going to churches. That's not what the police should be doing. Watch an extended interview with David Kurten here. Farah London, Independent London should always have an independent voice. As we have seen from successive mayors, when you have a political party and a representative mayor, unfortunately, they represent the political agenda and not the people of London. As we can see right now, the political parties of the mayor and the government, all they do is argue with each other and nothing gets done. I'm standing to be the independent voice for the people of London. We have lost our pride in London. London is so disconnected. Communities are divided. People don't know what it is to be a Londoner any more, and crime has spiralled out of control. So we need a mayor that has leadership, that will actually run things for the people, and actually put [forward] policies that better London. My manifesto has been written at the grassroots by the people. I'm not dictating. Watch an extended interview with Farah London here. Nims Obunge, Independent I'm really keen to ensure we reduce knife crime, violent crime against young children. I want to ensure we can support the most vulnerable families in our city. London is an amazing city, we have such diversity. I want to celebrate the greatness that's in our city. There is violent crime in our city and there is poverty in our city. We need to address those two key things. We've got to deal with the poverty of opportunity and poverty of aspiration. We have to look at what is happening in many communities where we are losing young lives - not just losing lives to knife crime, but also losing them to the prison system. The police budget is the highest we have ever had in the memory of our city, and yet crime keeps on going up. It's not about pouring more money into policing, it's also about trying to make sure we invest in our communities. Watch an extended interview with Nims Obunge here. Niko Omilana, Independent Should I be London mayor? What a stupid question - of course, I should. The system is broken for young people and I am the only man who can fix it. We are not taken seriously and it makes me sick. I have more knowledge, strength and integrity than any other candidate. The people who run this country are unserious, and that comes from someone wearing children's glasses. But I am taking action now. I have a message to our prime minister on behalf of every young person in our nation: "Boris Johnson, shush." The biggest threat to our country is our prime minister. If a man who cannot even comb his hair properly is running our nation, then we truly have no hope. London under me will have equal opportunity. Watch an extended interview with Niko Omilana here. Luisa Porritt, Liberal Democrats I've got a plan to take London forward that embraces the changes that are under way in the capital; changes that have sped up as a result of the pandemic - things like the shift to online shopping and more home working. I've got a plan to make sure we're embracing that change and that we're seizing the opportunities for our capital as part of that. I think we've got a once-in-a-generation opportunity to finally fix our housing crisis - converting some of the empty office space coming on to the market into quality affordable homes. I think we've got an opportunity to reinvent our high streets, with more people spending time in their local area and money there. We can make sure they're fit for the future and providing the services that local communities need. There's a job crisis. London has been hit harder than any other part of the country by unemployment as a result of the pandemic. That's why I've put jobs at the heart of my plan to take London forward. Watch an extended interview with Luisa Porritt here. Mandu Reid, Women's Equality Party London has never had a female mayor and it shows. I want London to be a city where everyone can take freedom and safety for granted - men and women. I want London to be a city where everyone can thrive and fulfil their potential. Now we're at a crossroads in London with the aftermath of Covid and we have to meet the moment. We've got to address two really, really big things. The issue of violence against women and girls, which has been in greater visibility over the last few weeks. As well as recovering from Covid and dealing with the fact that the impact of the pandemic has not fallen evenly, women are disproportionately affected. Watch an extended interview with Mandu Reid here. Brian Rose, London Real Party Londoners care about four things: crime, jobs, transport and housing. With my 30 years of business experience, I plan to rebuild London's economy by abolishing the congestion charge until 2022 and dropping business rates to zero. Next, I want to put 10,000 new police officers on the street. I want to raise £100m from corporations to go directly to our community centres. I'm going to build 50,000 new affordable homes by Christmas this year. And I'm going to run TfL at a profit by introducing an infrastructure levy. London was founded on the economy, but yet we don't have a businessperson at the helm. I've worked in aerospace, automotive, on Wall Street and the City of London. I know how to be proactive about getting London back to work. We've got to invest in the economy, and I've got big plans. Watch an extended interview with Brian Rose here. Related Internet Links London City Hall Electing the Mayor and Assembly London Elects Output:	London elections 2021: Your candidates questioned	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. Q: The trains - which feature carriages with double beds - are now not expected be introduced until September on the route between London and Aberdeen, Inverness and Fort William. Instead, the carriages will be diverted to support the Lowland service between London, Glasgow and Edinburgh. Transport Scotland said the delay was "unacceptable" and penalties applied. Sleeper trains are "hotels on wheels" The new £150m fleet began running at the end of April. It had been due to be rolled out on the Highland route over the coming weeks. 'Tourist season' However, Ryan Flaherty, Serco managing director of the Caledonian Sleeper, said: "We are disappointed but it is undoubtedly the correct decision and will allow us to improve the reliability and resilience of the Lowlander fleet and maintain capacity on the Highland route. "While we are keen to introduce our new trains on the Highland route as soon as we can, our priority must be delivering a reliable service on the lowland route and then make sure that each new carriage on the Highland route is ready to welcome guests and deliver a true Caledonian Sleeper experience." The company said passengers who had already booked to travel on a Highland service from 7 July and who had booked one of the new accommodation options, would be refunded the difference in cost. A spokesman for Scotland's national transport agency, Transport Scotland, said the timing of the delay was significant. 'Correct train faults' He said: "The introduction of new trains often present significant challenges, however, this latest delay is quite simply unacceptable. "Given we are fast approaching the height of the tourist season, it is disappointing that many customers are as yet unable to fully enjoy the benefits of the new on-board facilities, particularly as bookings have increased and feedback has been positive where the customer experience reaches the standards we expect. "While the Caledonian Sleeper team are working to correct train faults, the manufacturer CAF's inability to supply sufficient suitable trains leaves no other option than for service entry to be postponed. "The Highlander service will continue to run with existing trains until this is resolved." Caledonian Sleeper said the delay would give CAF, the manufacturer, more time to fulfil its responsibilities and complete work on the remaining new carriages. The fleet has been part funded by capital grants from Scottish ministers and the UK government. A: Caledonian Sleeper Highland service launch delayed ** Q: "Healthy foods are three times more expensive calorie-for-calorie than unhealthy foods so there's a very strong price differential in a typical basket," says Anna Taylor, executive director of the independent think tank Food Foundation. Vegetables are getting cheaper but, she says, there are people who "haven't got enough money to put food on the table, so for them, trying to secure 10 portions of fruit and veg a day in their diets would be impossible." The study by Imperial College London, calculated that increasing our fruit and veg intake to 10-a-day could prevent 7.8 million premature deaths each year. But currently only around a quarter of adults in the UK achieve the five-a-day target. The British Heart Foundation did a survey which found that a third of UK adults are struggling to afford to eat healthily. So is 10-a-day realistically affordable? "For some people it is," says Victoria Taylor, senior dietitian at the BHF. "But for others it would take some serious thought and commitment in terms of working out which fruit and vegetables will be affordable. But it's important to keep in mind that our target is five a day and this study found that the best effects were seen for people who are currently getting below this number. "The focus on 10 is, in a sense, moving the goalposts and it would be a shame if this put people off aiming for five, or even just having one more portion a day." The British Dietetic Association says: "What it tells us is that the benefits of eating fruit and vegetables are incremental - in other words eating five portions a day is great, but 10 a day is even better." So any improvement in your fruit and vegetable intake is a benefit. Victoria Taylor says cost is not the only reason we don't eat enough fruit and veg. "There are numerous factors that influence our food choice. Cost is important but so is taste, cooking skills, storage facilities and ability to get to and from the shops. It's hard to say how much is specifically due to the price of food as all of these issues are interrelated." Tips on buying fruit and veg Source: BHF and BDA The Food Foundation is hosting a conference in June bringing together businesses, farmers, retailers and government departments which aims to make it easier for people to eat vegetables. Some of the ideas they will be looking at are current pilots in America where if food stamps are spent on fruit and veg, they can be doubled in value so "you create a positive incentive for people to spend their vouchers on fruit and veg because you're giving them more value". Another scheme sees people who have early stage type 2 diabetes or are pre-diabetic being prescribed fruit and veg and getting vouchers to spend in local markets "to help them rethink their diets and get their diets on track". Why did we write this article? We asked BBC readers to send us their questions about the 10-a-day diet and then our health team wrote this piece to try to answer as many as possible. A lot of people asked about the cost implications of trying to achieve a 10-a-day diet. Gary asked: "Should fruit and vegetables be heavily subsidized by the government to encourage further consumption?" Gary explained to us the thinking behind his question: "Simple consumer habits dictate that people consume more of something when it is cheaper. I believe the same economic principle can be applied to fruit and vegetables. When people go shopping, they have to make the choice of what to buy, and usually, the best value items win." With concern over the cost of healthy eating, some have asked whether the government should subsidise fruit and veg? At the moment, the government has "measures in place to support low income families, pregnant women and children under four through Healthy Start Vouchers. These can be spent on milk, fresh or frozen fruit and vegetables." They also point out that all infant pupils can now get free school meals and they've announced £10m funding a year to expand breakfast clubs in up to 1,600 schools. Currently only 70% of those eligible get the healthy start vouchers and Anna Taylor says the Food Foundation will debate whether that programme should be expanded to include a broader income group or wider age range at its conference. As she points out, this "would create a positive pull of demand - and thereby help to strengthen the British horticulture sector at the same time." And she thinks in the post-Brexit world there is a big opportunity to help farmers. "Doesn't it make sense to join up our farming policy with our health policy and think about - could we increase consumer subsidies to really drive up demand so our horticulturalists benefit as well - it's win-win." "There are lots of different ways we could make it easier to eat veg - which go beyond price and much more about our whole food environment and to what extent fruit and veg is a strong part of that and encouraging us to eat it." She points out when you look at advertising only "1% of food and soft drink advertising spend goes on fresh veg". But she believes we need to change our whole way of thinking about fruit and veg and the messages we send - even down to children's TV where, she says, it is "demonised". "It's set against delicious and junk food or cream cakes, and fruit and veg is the yucky thing that kids don't want to eat. There's a bit of that subliminal stuff that happens in kids' TV because it's funny but it's kind of normalising that this is stuff that you don't want to be eating - so there's a job of work there beyond advertising, in broadcasting to try and not normalise that this is worthy but not tasty." A: Is the 10-a-day diet only for the wealthy? ** Q: Newzbin's members-only pages provide links to pirated films and music. Sky said it had actedafter receiving a court orderdemanding it remove access to the site. The broadband provider's action follows a similar move by BT in November. The MPA says it wants other ISPs to follow. A Sky spokesman said: "Sky is working with the rest of the industry to implement a sustainable framework for tackling piracy. "When presented with clear and robust evidence of copyright theft, we will take the appropriate action in respect to site blocking, as we have with Newzbin 2." The MPA has vowed to implement similar blocks against other sites offering links to pirated films. It has described Newzbin as an organisation "whose business model is based on wholesale copyright infringement". However, the group behind Newzbin previously told the BBC that most of its active members in the UK had downloaded workaround software to overcome BT's Cleanfeed block. Virgin Media told the BBC that it would obey the law, but would not take action over the matter until it had received a court order of its own. "As a responsible ISP, we will comply with any court order addressed to us but strongly believe such deterrents need to be accompanied by compelling legal alternatives such as our agreement with Spotify, which gives consumers access to content at the right price," a spokesman told the BBC. A spokeswoman for TalkTalk added: "We are not in principle against blocking, provided a court decides. We have received no such order in respect of Newzbin." A:	Sky blocks access to Newzbin site after MPA move ****	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. Example Input: Monmouth Comprehensive is phasing in the uniform from September and told parents they must purchase it from a preferred supplier. Some parents are angry at having to buy £20 trousers and £16 skirts from Trutex, rather than from cheaper shops. The school's stance is contrary to Welsh Government uniform advice. Monmouthshire council said the school consulted with the "whole school community over a lengthy period" as per government guidelines. Deputy head Andy Williams sent a letter to parents which said "sending students home (in line with Welsh Government guidance) is, of course, our last resort". The community Facebook page has received hundreds of comment from concerned parents. Paula Beddis Simpson wrote: "I am a single parent doing 2/3 jobs to make ends meet, it's totally unfair. As long as they are proper grey school trousers and pupils look smart, what is the problem?" Alex Watkins added: "It's not as if people are refusing to adhere to the uniform, just would like to choose where to buy trousers skirts and shirts. It's hardly unreasonable."' Year seven and sixth form pupils will be expected to wear a branded blazer and tie instead of the existing polo shirt and jumper, which the school says had become "tired, inconsistent and not fit for purpose". 'Some concern' Pupils in other years can change to the new uniform from September if they choose to or if their old uniform is in need of replacement Parents claim the new uniform will cost more than £100 if they are forced to buy from the supplier. The school said it would cost £97 for boys and £93 for girls. The Welsh Government says governing bodies should consider stipulating "basic items and colours but not styles so that items can be bought from retail chains at reasonable prices and not just from one supplier". The school, which will move to a new £33m building in 2018, has acknowledged "there has been some concern over the cost of trousers and skirts from our suppliers". My Williams wrote: "We trialled the use of barcodes for parents to buy cheaper (but often less ethically sourced) items from high street retailers. "But quickly found that codes and styles changed, allowing many students to create a very different style of uniform including tight, skinny jean type trousers and inappropriate skirts. "The school simply cannot keep pace with brand and style changes that will add to inconsistency in a school with over 1500 students." Council officer Will McLean said: "The design of school uniforms and the rules which apply to them are determined by school governing bodies." Pupils eligible for free school meals will receive free uniform items in their first year. Example Output: Monmouth school's warning to parents in uniform row Example Input: The Royal College of Midwives said the proportion of overweight and obese pregnant women in Scotland reached 51% for the first time last year. More older women are also having babies, with 1,907 births to women in their 40s - 68% more than in 2000. Obese, overweight and older women are more likely to require additional care and support throughout their pregnancy. The Royal College of Midwives (RCM) said this rise in demand for services came as the proportion of vacant midwifery posts rose from 1.3% to 5% over the past five years, with the problem "particularly acute" in the north of Scotland. Greater risk RCM Scotland director Mary Ross-Davie told the BBC's Good Morning Scotland programme that obese and older mothers were at greater risk of suffering during pregnancy, as were their babies. She said: "They may have complications like diabetes or high blood pressure, but there are also more risks for the baby in terms of their growth and them being born prematurely. "So what we need to do is provide those women with more care. That may be more appointments, longer appointments and more investigations and monitoring." The RCM has also there are still some concerns over the ageing midwifery workforce despite an increase in the number of younger midwives. The proportion of midwives aged 50 or older jumped from 34% in March 2013 to 40% in March 2018. Ms Ross-Davie welcomed the Scottish government's drive to boost the number of student midwives, but said they may not come quickly enough. Health Secretary Jeane Freeman said: "While there has been an increase of 5.7% in the number of qualified nurses and midwives under this government, we're determined to go further to ensure we have a sustainable midwifery workforce long into the future. "That's why we're investing a Return to Practice Programme, where 55 former midwives returned to service, and a shortened midwifery course in the north of Scotland to meet the specific recruitment challenges in that region." Example Output: Obese mums 'putting strain on midwives' Example Input: The justices upheld lower court rulings that found his move to rescind Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (Daca) was "unlawful". It protects "Dreamers", about 650,000 young people who entered the US without documents as children. The Trump administration has sought to end the Obama-era policy since 2017. The Supreme Court took up the case after lower courts ruled that the Trump administration did not adequately explain why it was ending the programme, criticising the White House's "capricious" explanations. On Thursday, the justices voted 5-4 to uphold the lower courts' findings that the administration's order violated the Administrative Procedure Act, which says a government action cannot make policy that is "arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion or otherwise not in accordance with law" or "unsupported by substantial evidence". Meet the dreamers What's the reaction? Mr Trump denounced the decision in a series of tweets. "These horrible & politically charged decisions coming out of the Supreme Court are shotgun blasts into the face of people that are proud to call themselves Republicans or Conservative," he wrote. He called on voters to re-elect him in November to put more conservative judges in the court, should there be a vacancy. He also suggested that he would renew efforts to end the programme and "start the process all over again". "Do you get the impression that the Supreme Court doesn't like me?" he tweeted. Former President Barack Obama praised the ruling and urged voters to elect a Democratic president and Congress in November to ensure "a system that's truly worthy of this nation of immigrants once and for all". Joe Biden, the 2020 Democratic presidential nominee, said he would seek to make the programme permanent should he beat Mr Trump. How has Trump fared at the Supreme Court? Chief Justice John Roberts, often described as a conservative, sided with the court's four liberals in Thursday's majority ruling. It marked the second time this week that Chief Justice Roberts has ruled against Mr Trump. On Monday, the court ruled that gay and transgender workers are protected under federal employment law, a major victory for LGBT campaigners. That decision was written by Justice Neil Gorsuch, a Trump appointee. During his presidency, Mr Trump has appointed one other justice, Brett Kavanaugh. The Supreme Court's bench is widely regarded as the most conservative in modern history. Yet last year Chief Justice Roberts again joined his liberal-leaning counterparts in preventing the Trump administration from adding a question on citizenship to the 2020 census, which opponents had argued would suppress responses from immigrants and racial minorities. The court has, however, sided with the Trump administration in two other major cases. It defended the White House's travel ban affecting mostly Muslim countries, and allowed Mr Trump's ban on transgender people in the military to go into effect. Once again the Supreme Court has ruled that a controversial action by the Trump administration is illegal. And once again the biggest stumbling block for the White House isn't that their officials lacked the power, it's that they went about exercising them in the wrong way. The Justice Department's attempt to rescind Daca was "arbitrary and capricious", the court held, in a way prohibited by federal law. That mirrors the court's conclusion in a decision last year blocking the Trump administration's efforts to include a citizenship question on the decennial US census. Both opinions were written by Chief Justice John Roberts, whose technicality-minded devotion to a federal law is presenting an imposing obstacle to the administration's policy objectives. While the Trump team waged a lengthy court battle to have its Daca order upheld, there may be a few sighs of relief from the president's campaign over this ruling. A Trump win would have pushed hundreds of thousands of Daca recipients into the economic shadows or onto deportation rolls just months before the November election. It would have put a sympathetic human face on the targets of administration's hard-line immigration policies. Instead, the Supreme Court has given Daca recipients a reprieve, leaving their ultimate fate still far from certain. Read Anthony's full analysis here What is Daca? Most of the children protected by the Daca programme are from Mexico and other Latin American countries. A 2012 executive order, created by former President Obama, shields these so-called "Dreamers" from deportation, and provides work and study permits. Mr Obama signed the order following failed negotiations for immigration reform on Capitol Hill. In order to qualify for Daca, applicants under the age of 30 are required to submit personal information to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), including addresses and phone numbers. They must go through an FBI background check and have a clean criminal background, and either be in school, recently graduated or have been honourably discharged from the military. In exchange, the US government agrees to "defer" any action on their immigration status for a period of two years. It is only available to individuals residing in the US since 2007. Daca recipients told the BBC they were relieved and surprised by the ruling on Thursday, and many said they would continue advocating for immigration reform. Juana Guzman of Texas, 28, said: "It's a very needed win and this is giving us the fuel we needed to continue moving forward and to keep fighting for the rest of our families and the community that does not have Daca". Metzli Sanchez, 23, said: "As big of a victory that this is, we have to keep applying pressure that we have to keep fighting for other people who are just as able and capable but who do not have this protection." Example Output:	Trump's bid to end Obama-era immigration policy ruled unlawful	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
You will be given a definition of a task first, then an example. Follow the example to solve a new instance of the task. Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. But Eluned Morgan conceded that it would be "difficult for us to stop" from a legal point of view. Her comments were criticised by a Labour AM. Alun Davies said threatening legal action "sounds like the last breath before you're thrown out of the pub". Mr Davies said he was not convinced the Welsh Government would "have a leg to stand on" in trying to shape international trade deals after Brexit. Following Donald Trump's comments during last week's trade visit that the NHS would be "on the table" in any future trade talks between the UK and the USA, Eluned Morgan said there was "absolutely no prospect whatsoever of us allowing the Welsh NHS to be part of any negotiation." The US President then rowed back on his initial comments following criticism from a number of MPs. Asked about her response to President Trump's remarks as she gave evidence to the Assembly's Brexit committee on Monday, Ms Morgan said "legally, it would be difficult for us to stop because we don't have a veto over trade". "Politically, I think it's extremely unlikely to happen," the international relations and the Welsh language minister said. "They [the UK Government] should not be concluding any trade agreements without consulting us where we have the power." Ms Morgan explained that UK and Welsh government officials are working on an agreement or 'concordat' for how future trade deals are negotiated. During a robust exchange, the Labour AM Alun Davies said: "I want something which is in law to which I can hold you to account and which colleagues in Westminster can hold the UK Government to account. "The argument we'll make life difficult for them, it sounds alright on the street, but it's not the reality of intergovernmental relations." "The United Kingdom has to find a way of functioning. "At the moment, your answers aren't giving me any confidence that there is that structure in place because, if the Welsh Government's argument is, 'we'll see you in court', it's not a very impressive argument either for the continuation of the structure of United Kingdom as a state or the commitment of the government within the United Kingdom to actually work together," he added. Responding to the criticism, Ms Morgan said: "Is the current intergovernmental structure adequate? "Absolutely not... and it's not just in relation to trade, it's in relation to almost every aspect of government policy. So, that infrastructure needs to be built." Solution: NHS Wales: Court action if trade deals affect service? Why? The output phrase is the appropriate title for the given text and it highlights the essence of the passage. New input: By Dr Faye Kirkland and Joseph LeeBBC News Are family doctors ready to deal with a wave of patients, prevent the spread of the disease and protect the most vulnerable? The doctor According to the tests carried out so far, there are hardly any diagnosed patients with Covid-19 in the neighbourhood of Dr Jane Wheatley's north London surgery. In reality she believes there are likely to be many people with the coronavirus out there - and the government agrees, estimating the true extent of the infection nationwide at between 5,000 to 10,000 cases as of Friday. With testing not available for every patient, it's hard to be sure. She says: "We know there is community transmission. Obviously we can't tell which patients have the normal influenza virus or a cold and which ones have the Covid-19 disease. We can't distinguish based on symptoms." Dr Wheatley says it has been impossible for her to get patients tested unless they have either been to a high-risk country or been in contact with a known case of Covid-19. But she's "had suspicions" about patients who have been in contact with people returning from Hong Kong or Italy - but who did not fit the criteria to get tested themselves. Her surgery displays a sign warning anyone with a cough or fever to go home and use the phone. Fluid-resistant surgical masks have just arrived and the practice was already equipped with plastic aprons and gloves. But they do not have the most effective respirator masks, as supplies are being kept for hospitals, which will deal with the most serious infections - prompting fears for the safety of medical staff. Dr Wheatley says: "I'm going to see sick people, that's what we do. But I want to have the right equipment to protect myself." She says guidance for GPs has lagged behind that for hospital staff, saying: "Things weren't happening quickly enough and we were making ourselves vulnerable." "I don't want to get sick, but I still want to do my job. "If I'm sick or even exposed and have to self-isolate, that leaves our surgery without a doctor, which puts extra strain on colleagues. But I don't want to infect elderly and vulnerable people, I don't want to infect my colleagues, I don't want to infect my family, my elderly relatives." She would like to see a standardised way of managing people with respiratory illnesses - such as an initial telephone consultation - so they can be kept apart from other patients. As the outbreak continues to grow, she's having to warn regular patients to expect appointments to be disrupted. As healthcare workers fall ill or have to self-isolate, routine work such as health checks for over-75s or diabetic checks will have to be reduced, she says. "I'm counselling patients on what's coming. We're always stretched, we work at capacity," she says. "I'm not panicking, I'm taking precautions." The receptionist With GP surgeries told to limit the number of people who visit in person, receptionists are under pressure as they try to deal with the volume of calls. Georgia, a receptionist in Hertfordshire, tells the BBC: "It's just been chaos. I haven't seen anything like it this before." She says the phone had been "ringing off the hook" but for many patients' questions, there were simply no answers yet. The surgery is equipped with masks, gloves and deep cleaning tools, and has been directing people to self-isolate if they show the symptoms of a cough or a fever. "It's been very emotionally and physically draining. We are doing our best to help, but at the moment it's a lot to handle," says Georgia. The expert "This is a massive crisis, probably the biggest crisis the NHS has ever had to face," says Prof Martin Marshall, an east London GP who is also chair of the Royal College of General Practitioners' council. He says not enough has been done yet to prepare family doctors for the epidemic, although he adds: "We need to be a little bit understanding of the pressures that the whole system is under." As the virus circulates in the community, he says we need "urgent action" to protect healthcare workers, give them the information they need and provide technology to allow for more consultations by phone or the internet. Administrative tasks for GPs should be suspended during the crisis, he says, and staff need to be tested as a priority. Given the pressures the NHS will be under, Prof Marshall says it is vital that doctors and nurses are not taken out of action for seven days of isolation unnecessarily. "We're not saying that health professionals are more important than patients, we're saying that health professionals have a responsibility," he says. "We therefore need to keep them as healthy as possible and we need to get them back into the workforce as quickly as possible. So we're asking that health professionals are tested early." Solution:	Coronavirus: GPs prepare for NHS's 'biggest crisis'	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. Example input: But Eluned Morgan conceded that it would be "difficult for us to stop" from a legal point of view. Her comments were criticised by a Labour AM. Alun Davies said threatening legal action "sounds like the last breath before you're thrown out of the pub". Mr Davies said he was not convinced the Welsh Government would "have a leg to stand on" in trying to shape international trade deals after Brexit. Following Donald Trump's comments during last week's trade visit that the NHS would be "on the table" in any future trade talks between the UK and the USA, Eluned Morgan said there was "absolutely no prospect whatsoever of us allowing the Welsh NHS to be part of any negotiation." The US President then rowed back on his initial comments following criticism from a number of MPs. Asked about her response to President Trump's remarks as she gave evidence to the Assembly's Brexit committee on Monday, Ms Morgan said "legally, it would be difficult for us to stop because we don't have a veto over trade". "Politically, I think it's extremely unlikely to happen," the international relations and the Welsh language minister said. "They [the UK Government] should not be concluding any trade agreements without consulting us where we have the power." Ms Morgan explained that UK and Welsh government officials are working on an agreement or 'concordat' for how future trade deals are negotiated. During a robust exchange, the Labour AM Alun Davies said: "I want something which is in law to which I can hold you to account and which colleagues in Westminster can hold the UK Government to account. "The argument we'll make life difficult for them, it sounds alright on the street, but it's not the reality of intergovernmental relations." "The United Kingdom has to find a way of functioning. "At the moment, your answers aren't giving me any confidence that there is that structure in place because, if the Welsh Government's argument is, 'we'll see you in court', it's not a very impressive argument either for the continuation of the structure of United Kingdom as a state or the commitment of the government within the United Kingdom to actually work together," he added. Responding to the criticism, Ms Morgan said: "Is the current intergovernmental structure adequate? "Absolutely not... and it's not just in relation to trade, it's in relation to almost every aspect of government policy. So, that infrastructure needs to be built." Example output: NHS Wales: Court action if trade deals affect service? Example explanation: The output phrase is the appropriate title for the given text and it highlights the essence of the passage. Q: By Zoe MurphyBBC News In human and financial terms, the burden is huge and it is hitting the poor especially hard. Often thought of as a disease of the rich, experts say the unabating rise may be fuelled as much by food scarcity and insecurity as it is by excess. Changing lifestyles, rapid urbanisation and cheap calories in the form of processed foods are putting more and more people at risk of developing Type-2 diabetes. There are now 382 million people worldwide living with diabetes, according to new figures from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). More than half are in Asia and the Western Pacific, where 90-95% of cases are classed as Type-2. China is leading the world, with the disease now affecting more than 98 million people or about 10% of the population - a dramatic increase from about 1% in 1980. Prof Juliana Chan of the Chinese University of Hong Kong says there is a complex interplay between genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors, which have been compounded by China's rapid modernisation. "Diabetes is a disease of paradoxes," she says. "It is typically an ageing disease, but the data shows that the young and middle-aged are most vulnerable. It is prevalent in obese people but emerging data suggests that for lean people with diabetes the outcome can be worse." The big question is whether China has the capacity to deal with a health problem of such magnitude. China spent $17bn (£10.6bn) on diabetes last year. The disease may consume more than half of China's annual health budget, if all those with the condition get routine, state-funded care, the IDF says. "Diabetes is a silent killer in a silent population," says Prof Chan. Men and women, trapped by stigma, poverty and misinformation, often do not seek help for diabetes until it is in its advanced stages. Kidney failure, cardiovascular disease and blindness are common complications. Prof Chan says China's leaders need to do a lot in terms of public health policy. "One of the greatest challenges is that the system is not conducive to preventative care. We need to go out and find those at risk otherwise you miss the critical moment to prevent the disease," she says. Governments are waking up to the problem, according to Leonor Guariguata, a biostatistician at IDF. "India and China are uniquely positioned - as they are developing so fast, they have the resources to act fast and reframe their health systems," she says. Big babies India is closely trailing China, with an estimated 65.1 million diabetics. Kanmani Pandian is 25 years old and expecting her first baby in January. Two months ago she was diagnosed with gestational diabetes - a disease she had never heard of. Kanmani was lucky. In Chennai, in the south-eastern state of Tamil Nadu, universal screening is available for pregnant women. If left unchecked the disease can lead to life-threatening complications, including foetal macrosomia, or excessive birth weight, making the delivery dangerous for both mother and child. More than 21 million live births were affected by diabetes in 2013. In India, the condition is particularly prevalent. Dr R M Anjana, a diabetes expert based in Chennai, says gestational diabetes is often not taken seriously "because people think it's a one-time thing or a mild affliction". The condition disappears after birth, but within five years of pregnancy, 70-80% of women develop Type-2 diabetes, she says. The infant is also at increased risk of developing the disease in later life. 'Owning up' Across the Western Pacific the disease is taking an unprecedented human and economic toll. In Fiji, surgeons carry out a diabetes-related amputation every 12 hours on average. "Before people seek help for foot infections they would have tried traditional medicines and herbs. By the time they come to the clinic the infection is often so advanced they need an amputation," says Dr Wahid Khan, co-founder of the Diabetes Trust of Fiji. "People don't want to own up to having diabetes. Culturally, it's seen as an illness that leads to early death. If it's known the person has diabetes there is less chance of them getting a job for instance," Dr Khan says. One in three people in Fiji aged 30 or above has diabetes. "The writing has been on the wall for a long time," says Dr Khan. Following the trend across Asia, Fiji's economy, driven by tourism, the sugar industry, gold, copper and fish exports, has produced a rising middle class. "People would traditionally grow their own crops, catch their own fish, if you wanted to get anywhere you would have to walk. We've become more lazy and less active," says Dr Khan, adding that he also has a gripe with the confectionary and fast food industries. In Fiji, diabetes could be prevented or delayed in 80% of cases through simple lifestyle changes, says the IDF. Three diabetes "hubs" were opened earlier this year, and Dr Khan is urging all adult Fijians to get screened. As part of a "massive campaign" to begin in 2014, Dr Khan says surgeons will be asked to "save rather than cut" when it comes to amputations, which are often seen as preferable to keeping patients in hospital for prolonged periods of time. "There is no one answer to diabetes," says Dr Khan, "but we are striving for the right path." Additional reporting by the BBC's Shilpa Kannan in Delhi. A:	Diabetes: Asia's 'silent killer'	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Instructions: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. Input: By Zoe MurphyBBC News In human and financial terms, the burden is huge and it is hitting the poor especially hard. Often thought of as a disease of the rich, experts say the unabating rise may be fuelled as much by food scarcity and insecurity as it is by excess. Changing lifestyles, rapid urbanisation and cheap calories in the form of processed foods are putting more and more people at risk of developing Type-2 diabetes. There are now 382 million people worldwide living with diabetes, according to new figures from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). More than half are in Asia and the Western Pacific, where 90-95% of cases are classed as Type-2. China is leading the world, with the disease now affecting more than 98 million people or about 10% of the population - a dramatic increase from about 1% in 1980. Prof Juliana Chan of the Chinese University of Hong Kong says there is a complex interplay between genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors, which have been compounded by China's rapid modernisation. "Diabetes is a disease of paradoxes," she says. "It is typically an ageing disease, but the data shows that the young and middle-aged are most vulnerable. It is prevalent in obese people but emerging data suggests that for lean people with diabetes the outcome can be worse." The big question is whether China has the capacity to deal with a health problem of such magnitude. China spent $17bn (£10.6bn) on diabetes last year. The disease may consume more than half of China's annual health budget, if all those with the condition get routine, state-funded care, the IDF says. "Diabetes is a silent killer in a silent population," says Prof Chan. Men and women, trapped by stigma, poverty and misinformation, often do not seek help for diabetes until it is in its advanced stages. Kidney failure, cardiovascular disease and blindness are common complications. Prof Chan says China's leaders need to do a lot in terms of public health policy. "One of the greatest challenges is that the system is not conducive to preventative care. We need to go out and find those at risk otherwise you miss the critical moment to prevent the disease," she says. Governments are waking up to the problem, according to Leonor Guariguata, a biostatistician at IDF. "India and China are uniquely positioned - as they are developing so fast, they have the resources to act fast and reframe their health systems," she says. Big babies India is closely trailing China, with an estimated 65.1 million diabetics. Kanmani Pandian is 25 years old and expecting her first baby in January. Two months ago she was diagnosed with gestational diabetes - a disease she had never heard of. Kanmani was lucky. In Chennai, in the south-eastern state of Tamil Nadu, universal screening is available for pregnant women. If left unchecked the disease can lead to life-threatening complications, including foetal macrosomia, or excessive birth weight, making the delivery dangerous for both mother and child. More than 21 million live births were affected by diabetes in 2013. In India, the condition is particularly prevalent. Dr R M Anjana, a diabetes expert based in Chennai, says gestational diabetes is often not taken seriously "because people think it's a one-time thing or a mild affliction". The condition disappears after birth, but within five years of pregnancy, 70-80% of women develop Type-2 diabetes, she says. The infant is also at increased risk of developing the disease in later life. 'Owning up' Across the Western Pacific the disease is taking an unprecedented human and economic toll. In Fiji, surgeons carry out a diabetes-related amputation every 12 hours on average. "Before people seek help for foot infections they would have tried traditional medicines and herbs. By the time they come to the clinic the infection is often so advanced they need an amputation," says Dr Wahid Khan, co-founder of the Diabetes Trust of Fiji. "People don't want to own up to having diabetes. Culturally, it's seen as an illness that leads to early death. If it's known the person has diabetes there is less chance of them getting a job for instance," Dr Khan says. One in three people in Fiji aged 30 or above has diabetes. "The writing has been on the wall for a long time," says Dr Khan. Following the trend across Asia, Fiji's economy, driven by tourism, the sugar industry, gold, copper and fish exports, has produced a rising middle class. "People would traditionally grow their own crops, catch their own fish, if you wanted to get anywhere you would have to walk. We've become more lazy and less active," says Dr Khan, adding that he also has a gripe with the confectionary and fast food industries. In Fiji, diabetes could be prevented or delayed in 80% of cases through simple lifestyle changes, says the IDF. Three diabetes "hubs" were opened earlier this year, and Dr Khan is urging all adult Fijians to get screened. As part of a "massive campaign" to begin in 2014, Dr Khan says surgeons will be asked to "save rather than cut" when it comes to amputations, which are often seen as preferable to keeping patients in hospital for prolonged periods of time. "There is no one answer to diabetes," says Dr Khan, "but we are striving for the right path." Additional reporting by the BBC's Shilpa Kannan in Delhi. Output:	Diabetes: Asia's 'silent killer'	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
TASK DEFINITION: Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. PROBLEM: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the agriculture department will lead the effort, which includes $8m (£4.7m) for new honey bee habitats. Bee populations saw a 23% decline last winter, a trend blamed on the loss of genetic diversity, exposure to certain pesticides and other factors. A quarter of the food Americans eat, including apples, carrots and avocados, relies on pollination. Honey bees add more than $15bn in value to US agricultural crops, according to the White House. The decline in bee populations is also blamed on the loss of natural forage and inadequate diets, mite infestations and diseases. There has also been an increase in a condition called colony collapse disorder (CCD) in which there is a rapid, unexpected and catastrophic loss of bees in a hive. But other North American pollinators, like the monarch butterfly, have seen decreases in their populations as well. Some environmental groups have criticised the president for not acting more directly, including taking action against neonicotinoids, a class of pesticides linked to bee deaths. "The administration should prevent the release and use of these toxic pesticides until determined safe," Friends of the Earth president Erich Pica told Reuters. In the plan announced on Friday, Mr Obama directed the EPA and the agriculture department to lead a government-wide task force to develop a strategy within six months to fight bee and other pollinator declines. Also announced on Friday was funding for farmers and ranchers in five states - Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wisconsin - who establish new habitats for honey bee populations. SOLUTION: US sets up honey bee loss task force PROBLEM: The Commons International Development Committee said dependable tax revenues were a far better route out of poverty than reliance on overseas aid. In a report, it said supporting more efficient tax collection represented "excellent value" for UK taxpayers. The UK spent £7.8bn on aid in 2011 and this is set to rise to £11bn by 2015. The government welcomed the report and said it was "firmly committed to helping developing countries access more sustainable sources of revenue". Amid cuts in other departments, the foreign aid budget is being protected to help the UK meet its target of spending 0.7% of national income on aid by 2013. The cross-party committee said an efficient and transparent tax system was of "fundamental importance" to a country's economic and social development. Tax havens It urged ministers to support the authorities in developing nations to improve the collection rates of income tax, VAT and local property taxes and to ensure governing elites paid their fair share. "If developing countries are to escape from aid dependency, and from poverty more broadly, it is imperative that their revenue authorities are able to collect taxes effectively," the committee's chairman, Lib Dem MP Malcolm Bruce said. "The aim of development work is to enable developing countries to escape from over-reliance on aid. "Supporting revenue authorities is one of the best ways of doing this: it represents excellent value for money, both for the countries concerned and for UK taxpayers." In their report, the MPs expressed concern that recent changes to tax rules affecting UK-owned companies operating exclusively abroad could make it easier for them to use tax havens and reduce their tax liability in developing countries. Aid agencies have estimated this could cost developing countries billions in lost tax revenues and the committee said the government should consider reversing the changes "as a matter of urgency". "The government is committed to supporting economic growth in developing countries to reduce their dependency on aid. While this is clearly the right thing to do, it would be deeply unfortunate if the government's efforts were undermined by its own tax rules," Sir Malcolm added. Ministers should introduce rules requiring companies to publish financial information on a country-by-country basis to discourage cross-border tax evasion, the report said. A government spokesperson said: "The Committee is right to praise British aid for helping poor countries to boost their tax systems and help them to pull themselves out of poverty by investing in schools, hospitals and infrastructure. "We will consider the detailed recommendations carefully and will produce a formal written response in due course." SOLUTION: Foreign aid strategy should focus on tax collection, MPs say PROBLEM: The term diabulimia is used to describe diabetics, usually with type 1 diabetes, who stop taking their insulin in order to become thinner. Around one in three women under the age of 30 may be abusing insulin, according to Diabetes UK. The Welsh government said educating diabetes sufferers was the key. Jacqueline Allan, who suffered from diabulimia and set up a charity to help fellow sufferers, said the condition is no different to other eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia. "It was a pathological fear of weight gain and a complete obsession with losing weight," she told BBC Radio Wales. "The only thing which changed was the mechanism by which I lost weight. "I started the charity because one of the things we do is advocate for people with type 1 diabetes and eating disorders," she added. Dai Williams, national director for Diabetes UK Cymru, said that since 2003 it was mandatory that everyone diagnosed with type 1 diabetes is instructed on how to manage the condition. But he claimed only 2% of diabetics in Wales were getting the information they needed. "If you don't understand your diabetes... it's not just a case of managing it properly, it's understanding the consequences of mismanaging it, and that's one of the problems," he added. A Welsh government spokesperson said if diabetes is not managed properly, it can lead to very serious health problems. "The good news is, by educating people with the condition so they have the knowledge and confidence they need to keep their diabetes under control, quality of life is improved vastly," said a spokesperson. "It is disappointing so few young people in Wales are accessing structured education about their diabetes. "The Welsh government is committed to the structured education programme and this will be re-enforced in our new Diabetes Delivery Plan, which will be published for consultation soon." The plan will have a clear aim of improving provision, awareness and uptake of courses across Wales, the spokesperson added. SOLUTION:	Diabetes sufferers misuse insulin to lose weight, says charity	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. They found the link after analysing observational studies involving more than 300,000 people. UK experts said people with long-term illnesses and undiagnosed diabetes often felt tired during the day. But they said there was no evidence that napping caused or increased the risk of diabetes. The large study, carried out by scientists at the University of Tokyo, is being presented at a meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes in Munich. Their research found there was a link between long daytime naps of more than 60 minutes and a 45% increased risk of type-2 diabetes, compared with no daytime napping - but there was no link with naps of less than 40 minutes. Sleeping patterns The researchers said long naps could be a result of disturbed sleep at night, potentially caused by sleep apnoea. And this sleeping disorder could increase the risk of heart attacks, stroke, cardiovascular problems and other metabolic disorders, including type-2 diabetes. Sleep deprivation, caused by work or social life patterns, could also lead to increased appetite, which could increase the risk of type-2 diabetes. But it was also possible that people who were less healthy or in the early stages of diabetes were more likely to nap for longer during the day. Shorter naps, in contrast, were more likely to increase alertness and motor skills, the authors said. 'Early warning sign' Naveed Sattar, professor of metabolic medicine at the University of Glasgow, said there was now a lot of evidence of some kind of link between sleep disturbances and diabetes. "It's likely that risk factors which lead to diabetes also cause napping. This could include slightly high sugar levels, meaning napping may be an early warning sign of diabetes," he said. But proper trials were needed to determine whether sleeping patterns made a difference to "real health outcomes". Dr Benjamin Cairns, from the cancer epidemiology unit at the University of Oxford, said the findings should be treated with caution. "In general, it is not possible to make conclusions about cause and effect based on observational studies alone, because usually they cannot rule out alternative explanations for their findings," he said.	Long daytime naps are 'warning sign' for type-2 diabetes	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. [EX Q]: Trish Knight has told the BBC her whole family was still struggling to come to terms with the death of James, 26, following a drunken row at his home in Leicester in March. The father-of-two was attacked with a steak knife by Emma-Jayne Magson. Magson is serving a life sentence for murder following a three-week trial. Mrs Knight said: "You just see the hurt in everybody's faces. With my grandchildren, two of them have lost their dad. "The rest of them have lost an uncle. Life will never be the same for any of us ever again." Mrs Knight said they were initially told James had been in a fight with a bouncer and were shocked when Magson was arrested and charged with his murder. She said: "We'd met her a few times. They'd been here for dinner and she'd always been OK." 'Chilling' phone call During the trial, which concluded in November, the jury was played a 999 call by Magson in which she said James had collapsed but did not mention him being stabbed. She also told the call handler it did not matter if paramedics were delayed. Mrs Knight said: "They said in court that you can hear James's last breaths on that phone call. "It's chilling. She's just so calm. I can't get it into my head how you can actually watch someone die." Now the family are struggling to move on from the loss of the "loveable rogue". Mrs Knight said: "Every Christmas is going to be hard. His birthday was on New Year's Eve. "Everyone's celebrating and he should be celebrating his birthday, but he never will again. "But James wouldn't want you to not celebrate because he loved a party - he'd be the first one there - but it just doesn't feel right." [EX A]: Steak knife murder: Mother's pain over James Knight death [EX Q]: By Gemma HandyZorg-En-Vlygt, Essequibo Coast, Guyana The bright welcoming venue, framed by rice paddies, looks the picture of pastoral contentment. But behind its creation lies an unsettling reality. This upbeat community centre was built to address the devastating number of suicides both here on the scenic Essequibo Coast - and in Guyana itself, which holds the dubious distinction of the highest suicide rate in the world. World Health Organization figures claim 44.2 in every 100,000 Guyanese take their own lives, compared to a global average of 16. Shining a light on suicide The Guyana Foundation, the charity behind the Sunrise Center in Zorg-En-Vlygt, has been integral in dragging the phenomenon into the national conversation in a country where stigma surrounding mental health issues has long hindered efforts to alleviate them. A lack of adequate mainstream facilities and woefully outdated legislation - which still defines patients as "idiots" suffering "derangement" - are just some of the obstacles, says the centre's managing director Anthony Autar. Attempted suicide is still technically illegal in Guyana, carrying a custodial sentence of two years, although measures are under way to decriminalise it. "When considering mental health issues, we also look at people's ability to contribute to society," Mr Autar tells the BBC. "Learning a skill like catering or floral arrangement can improve their sense of worth and outlook for the future." Dress-making, tie-dye and yoga are also among the free courses open to the public at the facility which launched operations in June, ahead of its official October 29 opening. "We often find people who come here are isolated and don't have many strong connections. We encourage students to build friendships with each other; those relationships can help save someone's life if they're feeling suicidal," Mr Autar adds. Attendees are routinely invited to complete questionnaires assessing their emotional wellbeing and are informed about the free counselling services offered. It's part of a proactive approach to tackle depression, anxiety and low self-esteem, and remove stigma by teaching people such feelings "are as common as diabetes", says counsellor Haimraj Hamandeo. Participants are predominantly aged 25 to 45, and 75% are female. "Females are more open to assistance," Mr Hamandeo continues. "They're also more likely to attempt suicide; men are more likely to be successful at it." Opinion on just why Guyana tops the global suicide list is divided. A panel discussion organised by the University of Guyana to mark World Suicide Prevention Day in September cited relationship issues, political upheavals, poverty and high crime as contributory factors. Indo-Guyanese account for 80% of suicides, despite making up just 40% of the population in the six-race nation. Most are aged 15 to 34, with almost four men to each female. Poisoning by agricultural pesticides accounts for 65% of cases while one in five is by hanging. For each successful suicide, there's up to 25 more attempted cases, says Dr Bhiro Harry, head of psychiatry at Georgetown Public Hospital. "Many Indo-Guyanese are farmers so they have easy access to lethal pesticides," he explains. "Culturally, Indo-Guyanese folks are 'babied'. For example, I have three children in their 20s all living at home; I still make my son's breakfast every morning. Afro-Guyanese tend to have less close families and are taught to be strong and resilient." Conversely, social science lecturer Paulette Henry thinks "broken families" is a prime cause. After being personally touched by suicide when a close friend killed himself, she testifies to the emotions affecting those left behind too. "I dealt with anger, pain, a sense of loss and guilt," she says, "as a social worker I felt I should have recognised the signs." Public Health Minister Dr George Norton describes Guyana's existing national psychiatric hospital as "not fit for human consumption". He told the BBC mental health was his "personal priority" and that a national suicide prevention plan was currently being devised. That includes training additional psychiatrists and the creation of a psycho-social rehabilitation venue. Back at the Sunrise Center, Mr Hamandeo says engagement in "productive" activities had seen great successes. "Often people find an ability they didn't know they had. You see a change in the way they communicate, the way they greet you, their extra energy." That is music to the ears of centre founder Supriya Singh Bodden who must raise $3,500 (£2,850) a month from donations to run the facility - and plans to establish more across the country. "I got so depressed reading about the suicides every day, I just wanted to bring some hope into communities suffering poverty and lack of opportunity," she explains. "If we can touch people's lives in a positive way so they want to live to see another sunrise, then we have achieved something." [EX A]: How Guyana is trying to combat its high suicide rate [EX Q]: By Zoe KleinmanTechnology reporter, BBC News James Newman is building a 14m (45ft) computer processor in the lounge of his bungalow in Cambridge. Mr Newman's 16-bit "mega processor" will contain 14,000 individual transistors and 3,500 LED Lights. So far the project had taken him three years and cost about £20,000, he told the BBC. Mr Newman said he hoped it would have educational value but it would be hard to transport as it was likely to weigh about half a tonne once finished. Bits of the processor light up as they operate, but other than that the entire machine operates just the same as a standard chip-sized microprocessor found in all computers. "I was taken with the idea of being able to see how the thing works," Mr Newman, a digital electronics engineer, said. "I have a visual way of thinking about things, I wanted to be able to see how a computer works and how things flow around within it. "I intended it as a learning exercise, and I have learned a lot." He said his enthusiasm for the project had ebbed and flowed over the years but he hoped to complete it by the end of 2015. Mr Newman is now relying on "determinedness" to finish his creation, but he is concerned about the space the processor, which is 2m high, will take up. "When it's set up and running in the living room, there won't be much space for living," he said. "One of the fantasies is to line the hallway with it." He said the first programs he intended to run on his mega processor were likely to be Tetris, noughts and crosses and 1970s evolutionary simulation Life by mathematician John Conway. Mr Newman said: "My mother keeps asking, 'What can it do?' I keep saying, 'It's a computer, it can do anything.' "My friends think it's mad, but I think they are also slightly jealous that I can allow myself to do it." [EX A]:	Man builds giant computer at home	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. Q: By Claudia AllenBBC News The symbol will always be intrinsically linked with Nazi Germany and its crimes, even though its roots go back many thousands of years. But now it has been confirmed the Air Force Command has quietly stopped using this unit emblem. The change was first observed by University of Helsinki academic Teivo Teivainen. He had previously questioned whether the continued use of the symbol was helpful for the Finnish armed forces. Finland's air force has been using a swastika ever since it was founded in 1918, shortly after the country became an independent nation and long before Nazism devastated Europe. Until 1945 its planes bore a blue swastika on a white background - and this was not intended to show allegiance to Nazi Germany, though the two nations were aligned. While the symbol was left off planes after World War Two, a swastika still featured in some Air Force unit emblems, unit flags and decorations - including on uniforms, a spokesperson for the Finnish air force told the BBC. Since January 2017 the emblem for Air Force Command has been similar to the Air Force service emblem - a golden eagle and a circle of wings, the air force said. "As unit emblems are worn on uniform, it was considered impractical and unnecessary to continue using the old unit emblem, which had caused misunderstandings from time to time," the spokesperson said. What is a swastika? The geometric symbol takes the form of a cross with further arms coming off at right angles. The word swastika comes from the Sanskrit for well-being or luck. It has been used for thousands of years in Indian cultures and worldwide, and became a fashionable motif in the West in the early 20th Century. However, in 1920 Adolf Hitler adopted the swastika for his National Socialist party, which came to power the following decade in Germany. The genocidal crimes of the Hitler regime mean that the swastika symbolises Nazism and anti-Semitism for most Westerners. Read more: Prof Teivainen told the BBC that swastikas could be seen in Finland on buildings dating from the 1920s. "In Finland there's this idea that it's a random decorative sign - which to some extent it is," he said. The famed Finnish artist Akseli Gallen-Kallela first used the symbol in a painting in 1889. The Romantic painter went on to use a swastika as part of his designs for the insignia of the Order of the Cross of Liberty. He used a cross with much smaller hooks, so the visual similarity to Nazi symbolism is much less pronounced. It also features on the official flag of the Finnish president. But the swastika became associated with the Finnish air force via a very different man - a Swedish nobleman called Count Eric von Rosen. The count used the swastika as a personal good luck charm. When he gifted a plane to the nascent air force of Sweden's newly independent neighbour in 1918 he had had a blue swastika painted on it. This Thulin Typ D was the first aircraft of the Finnish air force and subsequent planes all had his blue swastika symbol too, until 1945. Supporters of a continued use of the symbol point out that there were no Nazis in 1918 so the air force's use of the swastika has nothing to do with Nazism. However, while Eric von Rosen had no Nazi associations at the time of his 1918 gift, he did subsequently become a leading figure in Sweden's own national socialist movement in the 1930s. He was also a brother-in-law of senior German Nazi Herman Göring, and, according to Prof Teivainen, a personal friend of Hitler. The Finnish air force said that, having been von Rosen's symbol, the swastika remains in some Air Force unit flags and decorations, albeit no longer that of the central Air Force Command. Prof Teivainen told the BBC he had never argued that the swastika should be banned in Finland (as it is in Germany). But he said the military's duty "is to defend the nation - not to defend an old symbol given by a Swedish count in 1918". He was concerned that it could affect young Finns' attitude to the military (at a time when male citizens are still conscripted). Finland's huge neighbour Russia might see the symbol as a sign that its neighbour remains an enemy, he thought - and, crucially, could it impact on Western neighbours' attitudes to supporting Finland if the non-aligned nation ever came under threat again? While the emblem of the Finnish Air Force Academy still features a swastika - superimposed with a propeller - the unheralded move away from the old insignia of the central Air Force Command suggests that the military top brass are ready to move on from Count von Rosen and his blue and white swastika. Finland country profile People's war - Secret mission to fly 12 Bristol Blenheims to Finland A: Finland's air force quietly drops swastika symbol ** Q: By Clodagh RiceBusiness Reporter, BBC News NI That is down from £27.3m for the same period last year. This is because of an increase in loan impairment charges. Operating profit rose to £22m, up from £20m the previous year. Lending is 9% higher year-on-year and deposits grew by 6%. Danske Bank UK CEO Kevin Kingston, said: "As the biggest bank in Northern Ireland, we look forward to making more possible for customers and supporting the wider economy in the year ahead". Danske Bank is one of the largest banks in Northern Ireland, with 44 branches. A: Danske Bank reports 45% fall in pre-tax profits ** Q: By Deborah Cohen & Jake MorrisBBC Newsnight A study by Sheffield council shows people in low-paid jobs, with insecure contracts, who couldn't afford to isolate have been hardest hit by the disease in the city. The council split its population into 10 income brackets, from the wealthiest to the most deprived, and looked at Covid case rates in each group. While the rates were generally greater among the less well-off, they were highest of all in the third income group, rather than the poorest or second poorest. "The impact is really on the working poor," said Sheffield's director of public health, Greg Fell. This group is "most likely to be low paid", on insecure contracts and unable to afford to isolate. "Transmission in that group of people is much higher," said Mr Fell. Patrick Meleady recognises the impact first-hand, from his work with a food bank in east Sheffield. "People here work in factories, are care workers, bus drivers and taxi drivers," said Mr Meleady. "So they're on the front line having an interaction," he said. "If you're in another area and you're more affluent and you've got a different career path, you're going to remove yourself from that [risk of Covid]." The findings are supported by further research carried out by Sheffield City Council, which mapped Covid case rates as they spread across the urban population in the first wave. The mapping, in the animated video below, shows that at the start, cases appeared among people living in the wealthier west of the city, driven perhaps by those returning from half-term ski trips. It then spread and remained stubbornly embedded in the poorer east. By the end of June, as national case numbers plummeted and England emerged from its first lockdown, the majority of new positive cases were confined to the most deprived area of the city. These poorer areas have continued to experience high rates of Covid in the second wave too. The fact the disease has affected poorer areas more than wealthy ones in the UK has been well recorded. Work by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) shows those living in the most deprived neighbourhoods are more than twice as likely to die from Covid as those in the least deprived. But Greg Fell is "surprised by the starkness" of what the council found in Sheffield. "It was always going to be something that was only unevenly or unequally split," he said. It's not just jobs that play a role in Covid risks. Poor housing has been known as a factor for some time. A recent study of housing conditions looked at how the number of people living in a house, and the number of rooms, affected Covid risk. The research, run by University College London's Virus Watch team, found a clear link. Overcrowded households "had twice the risk of coronavirus infection compared to people living in un-crowded households," said Prof Rob Aldridge who runs the study. The high verses low income split in Covid cases is consistent with existing differences in health in Sheffield. The difference in life expectancy can be as much as 20 years, says Dr Jennie Joyce, a GP working in the city. And existing illnesses, such as diabetes and heart disease, may mean people getting sicker from Covid. She's not surprised by the impact. "I think we did know that on the ground. It just wasn't coming down from the top," she said. A report prepared by Sheffield's Citizens Advice Bureau shows those who were already struggling pre-Covid are in a worse position now. It cites factors including not being able to travel to cheaper food shops and higher heating and lighting costs from being at home, and it warns the poor have got into greater debt. Gulnaz Hussain, who works at Firvale Community Hub, says money is always tight for people in the nearby area. And when work is always uncertain for many in the city, Covid can feel like one more thing "We have community and community resilience, and being able to know how to cope in difficult situations," says Ms Husain. "This is just another one of those risks." Watch Deborah Cohen's report for Newsnight on BBC iPlayer (UK only). A:	Covid: The 'working poor' are hardest hit, Sheffield study finds ****	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. Ex Input: ResHydro is currently working on a hydrokinetic energy generation device that requires further research and development. The company will be supported by a £100,000 award from Scottish Enterprise and will work in partnership with the University of Strathclyde. First Minister Alex Salmond welcomed the investment. Samuel Lewinter, chief executive of ResHydro, said: "We are pleased to have the opportunity to open our Scottish subsidiary where we will have access to significant technical expertise and where market conditions will contribute to the most expeditious commercialisation of our technology." 'Natural lottery' Mr Salmond, who is in the US for the annual Scotland Week celebration, said the announcement showed the country was "leading the way" in the development of marine renewables technology. He added: "ResHydro's decision to invest in Scotland and work in partnership with one of our leading universities to further their research and development plans is testament to that. "Scotland has hit the natural lottery twice, first with oil and gas and then with our green energy resources. We have astounding green energy potential and this government has a responsibility to make sure Scotland capitalises on the vast economic opportunities the industry presents." The move was welcomed by environmental groups, with WWF Scotland director Lang Banks describing it as a "great vote of confidence in Scotland's clean energy future". Mr Banks said: "There is a massive amount of power in our seas and Scotland is well placed to lead in developing the technologies to turn this potential into clean, green electricity." Ex Output: US tidal firm ResHydro to invest in Scotland Ex Input: There is limited evidence the clothing helps people with eczema and dermatitis enough to justify prescribing it, a consultation document says. Officials are proposing ending the routine prescription of eight items under plans aimed at saving £68m a year. Others include an acne medication and diabetes products. The items, which are deemed to be of relatively low clinical effectiveness or to have cheaper options available for funding, are: Many prescribers will not be surprised by the recommendations and have already started phasing out some of the items. The health service in England spends more than £1.2m a year on prescriptions for silk garments, examples of which include silk baby bodysuits, infant leggings, children's pyjamas, gloves or tubular sleeves. In the case of the testing strips and needles, officials are proposing that GPs prescribe the cheaper versions of these products. It said there was a big variation in price, with strips ranging from £5 to £16 and needles costing between £4 and £30. NHS England has already ordered an end to the routine prescribing of 18 low-value items, including homeopathy treatments and over-the-counter products such as paracetamol and cough medicines. NHS England chief executive Simon Stevens said: "The NHS is one of the most efficient health services in the world but, as part of the long-term plan for the NHS, we're determined to make taxpayers' money go further and drive savings back into front-line care. "It is essential the NHS should not be paying for anything which has been proven to be ineffective or where there are safer or cheaper alternatives." The consultation comes ahead of GPs being issued with new guidance next week on gluten-free prescriptions. While patients can still receive bread and gluten-free baking mixes under NHS prescriptions, they are no longer eligible for other foodstuffs such as pizzas, cakes and biscuits, NHS England said. Officials added that the NHS began funding gluten-free food products in the late 1960s, when availability was limited, but now a wide variety of foods is available in supermarkets. The consultation will run for three months from 28 November 2018 until 28 February 2019, after which joint commissioning guidance is expected to be published by NHS England and NHS Clinical Commissioners. The National Eczema Society said it was "vital for people with eczema to have access to the right emollient products on prescription". A spokesman added: "We look forward to participating in the consultation." Ex Output: NHS crackdown on silk garment prescriptions Ex Input: By Dan WhitworthNewsbeat technology reporter The Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) received 618 complaints about them between April 2010 and April 2011. That number has increased to 1008 in just the last five months which the ICO says is only the tip of the iceberg. Research for the Direct Marketing Association suggests more than eight million spam texts, offering anything from insurance claims to loans, are sent out every day. Dan Vickery, a sales rep from Surrey, received a barrage of messages while his grandmother was sick in hospital. "It started off with one or two spam texts and escalated to five or six and sometimes even ten a day. "My Nan was ill in hospital at the time so I couldn't turn my phone off." Things got so bad that Dan not only had to get a new mobile phone but ended up paying out a lot of money too. 'Murky world' "It resulted in me having to go out and get a new contract at great expense to myself just to get rid of something that I didn't want in the first place". Simon Entwhistle works for the Information Commissioner's Office and says spam text message senders operate in a legal grey area. "It's a pretty murky world. "The reason that people do this is to make money. "They send out text messages using sophisticated computer equipment buying untraceable SIM cards. "If they send out 100 texts and one person replies that's some money made for them. "They can sell that one claim on, times that by a million they can make a lot of money out of this business." Sending out spam texts is not a criminal offence but it does break the Privacy and Electronic Communication Regulations which are part of European legislation. That covers electronic marketing and means any company wanting to legitimately send out text messages must have the recipient's consent to do so. The ICO says people who don't want to receive spam texts should be careful about giving their mobile phone number out. They also say that the best way to avoid getting them is not to reply to any spam messages they get. If people keep receiving texts they should get in touch with their mobile provider first or complain directly to the ICO. Follow our technology reporter Dan Whitworth on Twitter Ex Output:	Complaints relating to spam text messages increase	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. -------- Question: The Royal College of Midwives said the proportion of overweight and obese pregnant women in Scotland reached 51% for the first time last year. More older women are also having babies, with 1,907 births to women in their 40s - 68% more than in 2000. Obese, overweight and older women are more likely to require additional care and support throughout their pregnancy. The Royal College of Midwives (RCM) said this rise in demand for services came as the proportion of vacant midwifery posts rose from 1.3% to 5% over the past five years, with the problem "particularly acute" in the north of Scotland. Greater risk RCM Scotland director Mary Ross-Davie told the BBC's Good Morning Scotland programme that obese and older mothers were at greater risk of suffering during pregnancy, as were their babies. She said: "They may have complications like diabetes or high blood pressure, but there are also more risks for the baby in terms of their growth and them being born prematurely. "So what we need to do is provide those women with more care. That may be more appointments, longer appointments and more investigations and monitoring." The RCM has also there are still some concerns over the ageing midwifery workforce despite an increase in the number of younger midwives. The proportion of midwives aged 50 or older jumped from 34% in March 2013 to 40% in March 2018. Ms Ross-Davie welcomed the Scottish government's drive to boost the number of student midwives, but said they may not come quickly enough. Health Secretary Jeane Freeman said: "While there has been an increase of 5.7% in the number of qualified nurses and midwives under this government, we're determined to go further to ensure we have a sustainable midwifery workforce long into the future. "That's why we're investing a Return to Practice Programme, where 55 former midwives returned to service, and a shortened midwifery course in the north of Scotland to meet the specific recruitment challenges in that region." Answer: Obese mums 'putting strain on midwives' Question: Australian-based company Wolf Minerals now has £140m for the project in Devon, although the final £13m is yet to be signed off by shareholders. Wolf Minerals said it hoped to begin mining at Hemerdon by the end of 2014 creating about 230 jobs at the site. The company initially announced the project in 2007 but the recession delayed the plans. Jeff Harrison, from Wolf Minerals, said: "Every day we're getting businesses who are asking how they can get involved in the project. "We're also getting people asking about recruitment and when jobs will be available. "We're keeping a spreadsheet of all those so we have that information and we can get back to those as and when we need them." The mine is believed to be the fourth largest tungsten resource in the world and the company hopes to produce about 3,000 tonnes of tungsten and tin a year. However, under planning consent the company still needs to complete negotiations to buy 17 nearby homes in the hamlet of Drakelands before mining can start. Tungsten, which is used in metal-working, construction and in the manufacture of electrical equipment and light bulbs, was discovered at Hemerdon in 1867. Mining was carried out at the site between 1919 and 1920 and again from 1934 to 1944, when production ceased, but the booming economies of China and India have increased worldwide demand. Answer: Final £13m secured for Hemerdon tungsten mine Question: By Jonathan BlakeNewsbeat technology reporter The new 2DS, a stripped down budget version of its 3DS model, will go on sale in Europe on 12 October 2013. Announcing the 2DS as an "entry point" console, Nintendo confirmed it will be compatible with all DS games. One analyst described the move as coming "out of the blue". "Nintendo is expressly going after a market it's always really known how to cater for: kids." said Daniel Krupa, UK Games Editor at IGN.com "If anything I would've expected an upgraded version of the 3DS, not a budget version." The Japanese firm also announced a price cut to its Wii U console. The product has been seen by many in the industry as a failure for Nintendo, selling 3.6 million units worldwide since its 2012 launch. Nintendo will sell its 32GB deluxe version for $299.99 (£192), down from $349.99 (£225) from 20 September. "It had to be done ahead of the release of the next-generation of consoles from Microsoft and Sony" said Mr Krupa. Sony's PlayStation 4 and Microsoft's XBox One are both due to go on sale before the end of the year. Nintendo and others face competition from the growing popularity of mobile gaming on smartphones and tablets. The lack of 3D screen and lower specification may allow Nintendo to make a profit from the 2DS more easily than its other hardware. Pricing has not been announced but UK retailers have begun listing the 2DS for £109.99. Answer:	Nintendo aims at young gamers with new handheld console	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. Example: But Eluned Morgan conceded that it would be "difficult for us to stop" from a legal point of view. Her comments were criticised by a Labour AM. Alun Davies said threatening legal action "sounds like the last breath before you're thrown out of the pub". Mr Davies said he was not convinced the Welsh Government would "have a leg to stand on" in trying to shape international trade deals after Brexit. Following Donald Trump's comments during last week's trade visit that the NHS would be "on the table" in any future trade talks between the UK and the USA, Eluned Morgan said there was "absolutely no prospect whatsoever of us allowing the Welsh NHS to be part of any negotiation." The US President then rowed back on his initial comments following criticism from a number of MPs. Asked about her response to President Trump's remarks as she gave evidence to the Assembly's Brexit committee on Monday, Ms Morgan said "legally, it would be difficult for us to stop because we don't have a veto over trade". "Politically, I think it's extremely unlikely to happen," the international relations and the Welsh language minister said. "They [the UK Government] should not be concluding any trade agreements without consulting us where we have the power." Ms Morgan explained that UK and Welsh government officials are working on an agreement or 'concordat' for how future trade deals are negotiated. During a robust exchange, the Labour AM Alun Davies said: "I want something which is in law to which I can hold you to account and which colleagues in Westminster can hold the UK Government to account. "The argument we'll make life difficult for them, it sounds alright on the street, but it's not the reality of intergovernmental relations." "The United Kingdom has to find a way of functioning. "At the moment, your answers aren't giving me any confidence that there is that structure in place because, if the Welsh Government's argument is, 'we'll see you in court', it's not a very impressive argument either for the continuation of the structure of United Kingdom as a state or the commitment of the government within the United Kingdom to actually work together," he added. Responding to the criticism, Ms Morgan said: "Is the current intergovernmental structure adequate? "Absolutely not... and it's not just in relation to trade, it's in relation to almost every aspect of government policy. So, that infrastructure needs to be built." Example solution: NHS Wales: Court action if trade deals affect service? Example explanation: The output phrase is the appropriate title for the given text and it highlights the essence of the passage. Problem: Teraina Hird was 67 when she transitioned. She did so privately in Thailand after being told she'd need to wait 18 months just for her first NHS appointment. It was a daunting process. "If you're 25, you've got your whole life in front of you, but at 67 do you want to spend three years in transition?" she says. But Teraina, now 72, was sure of her decision and went ahead: "I felt I couldn't live with my body not matching my brain gender." Referrals to the UK's seven gender identity clinics is growing by 20% each year, and the NHS is struggling to keep up with demand. Older people like Teraina are often in a hurry to transition after a lifetime of hiding their true gender identity. Famously, Caitlyn Jenner appeared on the cover of Vanity Fair after transitioning at 65. In the UK, former boxing promoter Kellie Maloney recently announced that her gender reassignment was complete at the age of 62. Find out more Cat McShane's report on gender transition and the over-60s was broadcast on Newsnight Watch the Newsnight report on BBC iPlayer But age-related health conditions can also delay the process. On the eve of 62-year-old Dawn's final surgery to transition to female last year, a heart condition was discovered and her operation was pushed back. "The moment I was sent home before the operation was one of the worst days of my life," she says. "For the first time in a long time I wanted to take my own life." Older patients are more likely to have picked up conditions along the way, says Dawn's surgeon James Bellringer, who has performed more than 1,000 male-to-female gender reassignment operations. "You're more likely to find someone with diabetes or a significant heart problem or a significant chest problem than if you are operating on someone in their 20s," Bellringer says. There are emotional dangers, too. Many older transgender people tried to cover up their feelings at a younger age by having marriages and children, and run a high risk of being cut off by family when they finally come out in their 60s or 70s. Nearly half of transgender people with children have no contact with them. Dawn's son, Lee, 32, is today supportive of his dad's transition from Dave. But when he was first told four years ago, Lee was deeply shocked. "I didn't know what transgender was," he says. "I never felt comfortable talking to any of my friends about what was happening with my dad. I felt like a freak." Dawn recalls more positive experiences with her daughter, who oversaw Dawn's first forays into the world of ladies' fashion and make-up. "It was a complete role reversal. I realised I was being told by my daughter, like an adolescent, to get changed into something more suited to my age," Dawn says. For partners too, transitioning places a huge strain on the relationship. Many marriages fail. Jane and Barbara's 28-year marriage survived. Barbara first discovered her husband John was cross-dressing 20 years ago, finding unknown women's clothes in their wardrobe. She was convinced John was having an affair. Relieved at the truth, they agreed John could dress as a woman in private. "It may seem strange but it brought us closer together, it was our secret," Barbara said. However, John's permanent transition to Jane four years ago placed a strain on the relationship. Barbara - a founding member of Beaumont Partners, a support group for the spouses and partners and an offshoot of transgender group The Beaumont Society - was forced to question her own identity. "It was very confusing, one thinks one isn't feminine enough or attractive enough," Barbara says. But after she took time to explore her feelings she "realised it was nothing to do with me, it was Jane who needed to be her real self". Most NHS Trusts require people to live in their new gender for at least two years before being referred for surgery. That period can be difficult, especially if done while working. Teraina and her partner Anna May Booth, who's 68, both suffered workplace discrimination, but at an age when it was too late to start their careers anew. Anna says she was bullied by her line manager and lost half her pension because she retired 10 years early. Teraina was forced to sell her successful engine business. Customers dropped off as she wore more female attire, and she wrote to the local paper to explain the situation, hoping they'd return. Unfortunately, a national newspaper picked the story up and ran it under the headline "Mechanic loses nuts and customers bolt," after which the business quickly floundered. She sold it for a fraction of what it was worth. However, the UK 2010 Equality Act was pivotal for some older transgender people, as it offered a greater range of protections for people at work. One person who took advantage of this was Jane, who's 66 - once a headteacher called John who had feared being found out by neighbours and colleagues across a lifetime of cross-dressing. Jane recalls reading the document and being astonished - "the law protects me" - and began her transition. Despite the medical challenges, Bellringer believes age should not be a barrier. "In terms of cost effectiveness this is possibly the best operation the NHS does," he said. "Even in a 70-year-old, you've got 15 years of significantly improved quality of life." And regardless of the challenges, there is an enormous amount of positivity from people transitioning at a later stage of life, who are happy to be living out their final years in their true gender identities. "I really thought at times I was too old to transition, but the older I got the more determined I became," said Anna. "I'm so glad I did it." More from the Magazine A guide to transgender terms (June 2015) Tennis's reluctant transgender pioneer (June 2015) The story of two transgender children (April 2015) Cat McShane's report on gender transition and the over-60s was broadcast on Newsnight - watch it on BBC iPlayer Subscribe to the BBC News Magazine's email newsletter to get articles sent to your inbox.	Solution: The challenges of being transgender and over 60	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words. -------- Question: The charity was accused by a UK newspaper of concealing the actions. In a Twitter post, Jovenel Moise condemned the actions as an "extremely serious violation of human dignity". A senior government source in Haiti confirmed to the BBC that an investigation will now be launched into foreign aid agencies operating there. Haitians angered by Oxfam sex scandal What is the charity accused of? One of the UK's biggest charities, Oxfam, was the subject of a report in the Times newspaper last week. The article accused the charity of concealing the findings of a 2011 inquiry into claims senior aid workers, including Haiti's national director, paid local prostitutes for sex. Oxfam were in the country offering relief following a devastating 7.0 magnitude earthquake that killed more than 200,000 people in 2010. The charity has since confirmed sexual misconduct occurred, and that several staff members were dismissed or resigned after the internal investigation, but denies any cover-up. It has been accused by a UK charity watchdog, which has launched an inquiry, of failing to disclose the full details. Oxfam's deputy chief executive Penny Lawrence has resigned over the handling of the scandal, and the UK government has threatened to cut funding to the charity's projects. How has Haiti reacted? Posting on his Twitter account (in French) Haitian President Jovenel Moise spoke out about the scandal for the first time on Monday. "There is nothing more outrageous and dishonest than a sexual predator who uses his position as part of the humanitarian response to a natural disaster to exploit needy people in their moment of greatest vulnerability," he said. "What happened with Oxfam in Haiti is an extremely serious violation of human dignity," he said in another tweet. Several former members of Oxfam's local staff have said they tried to raise concerns but felt their complaints were ignored. Several Haitian NGOs have said that the problems with Oxfam in Haiti were institutional. Pierre Esperance, the head of Haiti's National Human Rights Defence Network, told the BBC: "Oxfam, after the earthquake, became like a factory." "A big organisation with a lot of people with bad management. People who don't have any skill regarding development, with a lot of money, and this is the result." Do you work for an NGO or for Oxfam? Please share your experiences with us by emailing [email protected]. You can also contact us in the following ways: Answer: Oxfam: Haiti's president condemns UK charity over scandal Question: There is limited evidence the clothing helps people with eczema and dermatitis enough to justify prescribing it, a consultation document says. Officials are proposing ending the routine prescription of eight items under plans aimed at saving £68m a year. Others include an acne medication and diabetes products. The items, which are deemed to be of relatively low clinical effectiveness or to have cheaper options available for funding, are: Many prescribers will not be surprised by the recommendations and have already started phasing out some of the items. The health service in England spends more than £1.2m a year on prescriptions for silk garments, examples of which include silk baby bodysuits, infant leggings, children's pyjamas, gloves or tubular sleeves. In the case of the testing strips and needles, officials are proposing that GPs prescribe the cheaper versions of these products. It said there was a big variation in price, with strips ranging from £5 to £16 and needles costing between £4 and £30. NHS England has already ordered an end to the routine prescribing of 18 low-value items, including homeopathy treatments and over-the-counter products such as paracetamol and cough medicines. NHS England chief executive Simon Stevens said: "The NHS is one of the most efficient health services in the world but, as part of the long-term plan for the NHS, we're determined to make taxpayers' money go further and drive savings back into front-line care. "It is essential the NHS should not be paying for anything which has been proven to be ineffective or where there are safer or cheaper alternatives." The consultation comes ahead of GPs being issued with new guidance next week on gluten-free prescriptions. While patients can still receive bread and gluten-free baking mixes under NHS prescriptions, they are no longer eligible for other foodstuffs such as pizzas, cakes and biscuits, NHS England said. Officials added that the NHS began funding gluten-free food products in the late 1960s, when availability was limited, but now a wide variety of foods is available in supermarkets. The consultation will run for three months from 28 November 2018 until 28 February 2019, after which joint commissioning guidance is expected to be published by NHS England and NHS Clinical Commissioners. The National Eczema Society said it was "vital for people with eczema to have access to the right emollient products on prescription". A spokesman added: "We look forward to participating in the consultation." Answer: NHS crackdown on silk garment prescriptions Question: By Katie Prescott & Charlotte McDonaldBBC News Charlotte reads from a list of #MeToo moments - the times in her career where she has experienced some kind of unwanted sexual attention. As a solicitor working in property, this text message from one of her clients is just the tip of the jaw-dropping iceberg. "The worst one was by a married senior colleague. We had been at an event with lots of alcohol and he was brushing my hair with his wedding ring hand and saying I was very pretty. "He's a very senior, well-respected person and known to be a family man. So it was very difficult for me to feel that I could report him because he had a real stature in the firm." Cases such as Charlotte's (she asked us not to use her surname) dog every industry. Following the revelations of Harvey Weinstein's behaviour and the outpouring of testimony on social media about under the hashtag #MeToo, sexual harassment is being scrutinised like never before. And businesses are struggling to work out how to deal with it. Reactions According to a recent BBC survey, almost half of British women and a fifth of men have been sexually harassed at work. Parliament is so worried about it that MPs are conducting an inquiry into what can be done. Company shareholders are also piling on the pressure, worried about the cost and reputational damage of sexual harassment cases. Marija Kramer, from one of the world's most influential shareholder advisory companies ISS, says investors "are viewing sexual harassment as by-product of weak corporate policies, procedures, and controls". But sexual harassment is often carried out by powerful individuals, away from company premises and potential witnesses, and like Charlotte many victims are reluctant to report it. So what can firms do? For Radio 4's In Business programme, we have been looking at some of the ideas that are being explored. Training For any problem, the HR manager's solution of choice is sending employees on training courses. It might sound crude, but sexual harassment training has been common practice in America since the 1990s and is spreading to Europe. Elizabeth Tippett, associate professor at the University of Oregon School of Law, says many such programmes should be treated with a healthy dose of scepticism as businesses tend to use them as a check box. She also says it can have a chilling effect on relationships in the office. "Especially in environments where men hold positions of power, they might shy away from interacting with people who they perceive to be different from them or potential victims of harassment." Others say it is a useful exercise to get colleagues to talk about their boundaries and raise awareness. Tracy Powley runs UK-based Focal Point Training. She says the staff she works with have moments of realisation when taking her courses. "A lot of cases of sexual harassment begin with a bit of banter, it could be a little bit teasing about something, but unless people know where those lines are it just starts to escalate." Effective or not, it's certainly getting more popular. Navex Global, which works with some of the world's top corporations on compliance issues, says it has seen a massive spike in enquiries since the #MeToo movement began. Reporting Sending people on training courses is easy. It's far harder for business to challenge the reasons why victims are often unwilling to speak up. Employment lawyer Karen Jackson left a career in the City to start her own legal practice, partly because she was a victim herself. She spells out this reluctance. "They know there will be a big fallout from it. There will be other people at work judging them, potentially labelling them as a troublemaker and causing problems for their career. "I have clients who can't tell me what has happened because they feel such a sense of shame." One answer is independent whistle-blowing phone lines - already used by many blue chip companies. They are the backstop for employees when they don't feel they can talk to their boss, who might even be the instigator or facilitator of harassment. Dr Julia Shaw is trying to bring this to small and large businesses with her reporting app Talk to Spot. It's a chatbot that asks users factual questions to create an account of what has happened that they can present to their manager or keep for themselves. She argues that people in the workplace are rarely trained in asking the "right" kind of questions and it can be difficult to open up to someone in person. "The quality of your memory is evidence and is critical to being believed, to actually making sure that something can happen to deal with the situation. "You can chat to our bot immediately, you don't have to wait for an HR person or wonder 'do I trust this person or not?' You can record it, time stamp it, and produce the evidence when you need it." She says an easy thing for businesses to do is acknowledge reports within 24 hours - her research has found that this cuts down on mental health repercussions for the victim. Counting cases Acknowledging is one thing, but it is how businesses respond to these reports that has led to a culture of silence around the issue. If victims are brave enough to report their concerns, serious cases usually end in a settlement where the victim is required to sign an NDA - a non-disclosure agreement. They can't talk about what happened to them - or how much they were paid to go away. As a result it is almost impossible to know exactly how many cases there really are. The Financial Reporting Council is currently consulting on revisions to the UK's corporate governance code, and greater transparency on sexual harassment is being proposed. They are considering including a point about making management boards aware of claims relating to harassment. In its submission, the shareholder lobby group PIRC is calling for an independent audit trail for harassment cases. Jan Babiak, a board member of several companies, says all too often top managers have their head in the sand and don't believe it can happen to on their watch. She agrees it is good practice for all companies to conduct an audit of how many cases have been reported in their organisation over the past decade - and to make sure the board is kept up to speed. "If you look at some of these payoffs - some of the big ones are £100,000. In a really big global company that's immaterial. Those kinds of things can get signed off two or three grades down from management level, so don't make it to the board." Cultural change Later this year, the Women and Equalities Select Committee will publish the results of its inquiry into sexual harassment in the workplace. In the words of the chair, Maria Miller MP: "There needs to be a cultural change in the workplace to keep women safe and ensure that cases are dealt with sensitively and fairly." This emphasis on a "cultural change" might sound nebulous - but it is cited time and time again as the most effective way companies can get to grips with sexual harassment. Ingrid Fredeen at Navex Global says it is about executives taking it seriously. "If you look at the things that have gone wrong in companies over the past 18 months, it is when leaders didn't listen, they didn't respond, they didn't take allegations seriously. "It doesn't matter what systems you put in, the company's culture and the way things are done is the most important point". Gender balance You can't change company culture just by writing a memo or sending people on a training course, but one lever that bosses can use is choosing who they hire. If the senior ranks of a company are overwhelmingly male, it is easier for a "boy's club" culture to persist, where harassment is tolerated and complaints are not taken seriously. Women still make up only 10% of executive directors in FTSE 100 companies, and awareness of gender disparity is acute. There is already a lot of work being done in this area. The climate of #MeToo activism and the publication of eye-opening gender pay gap data are propelling further this momentum for cultural change. Anecdotally, head-hunters are desperately trying to find women to fill top roles. As one senior female banker recently told us, following the publication of her bank's gender pay gap data, "my chances of making managing director just doubled". Perfect storm As companies raise the profile of sexual harassment through training, reporting and audit, it is starting to have an impact in the workplace. "I definitely think we're making progress," says Ms Jackson. "The fact that we're talking about this, that wasn't the case 10 or 20 years ago. I think the message is pretty clear that women are saying, 'we won't put up with this any longer'." Maybe it is too early to call it a tipping point, but with a growing openness about sexual harassment, slowly the taboo is being stripped away from #MeToo. For more on this, you can listen to Radio 4's In Business programme, broadcast on Thursday 26 April at 20:30 BST, or download the podcast here. Answer:	How can businesses tackle sexual harassment?	task1356_xlsum_title_generation
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Question: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what type of sound does a rooster make? Suggested answer: A rooster in Kosovo Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes Answer: No input with options: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: how many blind people are there in the us Suggested answer: Approximately ten percent of those deemed legally blind, by any measure, have no vision. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes output: No Q: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: how do you heal a bed sore Suggested answer: Ulcers were most commonly identified at the sacral/coccyx ulcer location; however, heel ulcers were the most common facility-acquired location in the survey. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes A: No input: OPTIONS: - No - Yes Now, answer this question: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: how many spots on the blackhawks roster were turned over Suggested answer: They have won four Stanley Cup championships since their founding in 1926, most recently in 2009–10 . Should I validate this answer? A: output: No I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: how do you heal a bed sore Suggested answer: The healing of pressure ulcers may be slowed by the age of the person, medical conditions (such as arteriosclerosis,diabetes or infection), smoking or medications such as antiinflammatory drugs. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes Answer: No Q: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: how can hoa collect unpaid fees on property Suggested answer: Some states, such as Florida and California, have a large body of homeowner association law, and some states, such as Massachusetts, have virtually no homeowner association law. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes A:	No	wiki_qa_automatic_system
Problem: OPTIONS: - No - Yes Q: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: how many states are involved in the mega million drawing Suggested answer: The first (The Big Game) Mega Millions drawing was in 2002 (see below). Should I validate this answer? Answer: No Problem: OPTIONS: - No - Yes Q: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what is AST and ALT on complete metabolic panel Suggested answer: A CMP (or BMP) can be ordered as part of a routine physical examination , or may be used to monitor a patient with a chronic disease, such as diabetes mellitus or hypertension . Should I validate this answer? Answer: No Problem: OPTIONS: - No - Yes Q: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: how is canada's health care Suggested answer: This study rated the US "responsiveness", or quality of service for individuals receiving treatment, as 1st, compared with 7th for Canada. Should I validate this answer? Answer:	No	wiki_qa_automatic_system
input with options: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what cars have smart key systems Suggested answer: A smart key is an electronic access and authorization system which is available as an option or standard in several cars. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes output: No input with options: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what is metformin used for Suggested answer: Metformin is now believed to be the most widely prescribed antidiabetic drug in the world; in the United States alone, more than 48 million prescriptions were filled in 2010 for its generic formulations . Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes output: No input with options: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what is the purpose of vitamin d Suggested answer: Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes output: No input with options: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: who is the junior senator of nc Suggested answer: Janet Kay Ruthven Hagan (; born May 26, 1953) is the junior United States Senator from North Carolina , in office since January 2009. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes output:	Yes	wiki_qa_automatic_system
Available choices: i. No. ii. Yes. Q: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what is the difference between diabetic and adiabatic process Suggested answer: The terminology arises from the word lapse in the sense of a decrease or decline. Should I validate this answer? A:	i.	wiki_qa_automatic_system
Q: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: who is the group enigma Suggested answer: Jens Gad co-arranged and played guitar on three of the Enigma albums. Should I validate this answer? \| OPTIONS: - No - Yes A: No Q: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what is 9/11 bombings Suggested answer: Having evaded capture for years, bin Laden was located and killed by U.S. forces in May 2011. Should I validate this answer? \| OPTIONS: - No - Yes A: No Q: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: when did playstation 3 first launch Suggested answer: The system was released seven days later on 17 November in the United States. Should I validate this answer? \| OPTIONS: - No - Yes A: No Q: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what is metformin used for Suggested answer: , metformin is one of only two oral antidiabetics in the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines (the other being glibenclamide ). Should I validate this answer? \| OPTIONS: - No - Yes	A: No	wiki_qa_automatic_system
I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what are the houses of hogwarts Suggested answer: Rowling has suggested that she may have inadvertently taken the name from the hogwort plant (Croton capitatus), which she had seen at Kew Gardens some time before writing the series, although the names "The Hogwarts" and "Hoggwart" appear in the 1954 Nigel Molesworth book How To Be Topp by Geoffrey Willans . Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes Answer: No Problem: OPTIONS: - No - Yes Q: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for Suggested answer: He used the army to build the Republican Party in the South, based on black voters, Northern newcomers (" Carpetbaggers ") and native white supporters (" Scalawags .") Should I validate this answer? Answer: No Problem:OPTIONS: - No - Yes I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: who made the original care bears Suggested answer: In mid-2011, AG announced a revival TV animated series titled " Care Bears: Welcome to Care-a-Lot ". Should I validate this answer? **** A: No I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: who are the characters in 90210 in season 3 Suggested answer: It also deals with the aftermath of Naomi Clark 's assault. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes No I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for? Suggested answer: Water from some flat roofs such as on garden sheds sometimes flows freely off the edge of a roof, though gutter systems are of advantage in keeping both walls and foundations dry. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes Answer: No input with options: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: where do flesh eating bacteria live Suggested answer: Necrotizing fasciitis is quickly progressing, having greater risk of developing in the immunocompromised due to conditions like diabetes , cancer , etc. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes output:	No	wiki_qa_automatic_system
Problem:OPTIONS: - No - Yes I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what is level of agreement mean Suggested answer: In practice, the term SLA is sometimes used to refer to the contracted delivery time (of the service or performance). Should I validate this answer? **** A: Yes I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: how does uv light activated fluorescence Suggested answer: However, when the absorbed electromagnetic radiation is intense, it is possible for one electron to absorb two photons ; this two-photon absorption can lead to emission of radiation having a shorter wavelength than the absorbed radiation. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes No I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what animal is Mint in tokyo mew mew Suggested answer: Led by Duke , they make several attempts to kill Berry, eventually turning the local populace against the Mew Mews. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes Answer: No Question: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: who contacted muhammad Suggested answer: He destroyed the pagan idols in the city and then sent his followers out to destroy all of the remaining pagan temples in Eastern Arabia. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes Answer: No input with options: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what is metformin used for Suggested answer: Its use in gestational diabetes has been limited by safety concerns. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes output: No Problem: OPTIONS: - No - Yes Q: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what are add ons Suggested answer: Video game accessory , a piece of hardware used in conjunction with a video game console for playing video games Should I validate this answer? Answer:	Yes	wiki_qa_automatic_system
input with options: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: how many acres is fair park Suggested answer: Fair Park is a recreational and educational complex located in Dallas , Texas ( USA ). Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes output: No Q: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what is a good credit score Suggested answer: Other organizations, such as mobile phone companies, insurance companies, landlords, and government departments employ the same techniques. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes A: No input: OPTIONS: - No - Yes Now, answer this question: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what is metformin used for Suggested answer: Metformin is the only antidiabetic drug that has been conclusively shown to prevent the cardiovascular complications of diabetes. Should I validate this answer? A: output: No I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what president was theodore roosevelt Suggested answer: Home-schooled, he became an eager student of nature. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes Answer: No Problem: OPTIONS: - No - Yes Q: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what happened to the zodiac killer Suggested answer: In April 2004, the San Francisco Police Department marked the case "inactive", yet re-opened the case at some point prior to March 2007. Should I validate this answer? Answer: No I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what is human skin made of Suggested answer: Severely damaged skin may heal by forming scar tissue . Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes Answer:	No	wiki_qa_automatic_system
Q: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: how is 5 hour glucose tolerance test performed Suggested answer: The test is usually used to test for diabetes , insulin resistance , and sometimes reactive hypoglycemia and acromegaly , or rarer disorders of carbohydrate metabolism . Should I validate this answer? Pick your answer from: 1. No; 2. Yes; A:	1.	wiki_qa_automatic_system
input: OPTIONS: - No - Yes Now, answer this question: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: who is natalie portman married to Suggested answer: In May 2008, she served as the youngest member of the 61st Annual Cannes Film Festival jury. Should I validate this answer? A: output: No input: OPTIONS: - No - Yes Now, answer this question: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what is metformin used for Suggested answer: Metformin ( BP , pronounced , ; originally sold as Glucophage) is an oral antidiabetic drug in the biguanide class. Should I validate this answer? A: output: Yes input: OPTIONS: - No - Yes Now, answer this question: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what is endodontic dentistry Suggested answer: Endodontics (from the Greek endo "inside"; and odons "tooth") is one of the dental specialties recognized by the American Dental Association , Royal College of Dentists of Canada , and Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons , and deals with the tooth pulp and the tissues surrounding the root of a tooth . Should I validate this answer? A: output:	Yes	wiki_qa_automatic_system
I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: when did andrea doria sink Suggested answer: Although greater blame appeared initially to fall on the Italian liner, more recent discoveries have indicated that a misreading of radar on the Swedish ship may have initiated the collision course, leading to errors on both ships. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes Answer: No Problem: OPTIONS: - No - Yes Q: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: when did they show cartoons in movie theaters Suggested answer: Most movie theaters are now equipped for digital cinema projection , removing the need to create and transport a physical film print . Should I validate this answer? Answer: No Problem:OPTIONS: - No - Yes I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what county is jennings, la Suggested answer: The city is 68 percent white. Should I validate this answer? **** A: No I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: how many land rovers have landed on mars Suggested answer: The rover landed on Mars in August 2012. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes No I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what negative element was introduced into the the campaign between andrew jackson and john ouincy adams Suggested answer: Historians agree he was one of the greatest diplomats and secretaries of state in American history. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes Answer: No input with options: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what is metformin used for Suggested answer: Metformin ( BP , pronounced , ; originally sold as Glucophage) is an oral antidiabetic drug in the biguanide class. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes output:	Yes	wiki_qa_automatic_system
I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what is metformin used for Suggested answer: Interest in metformin was rekindled in the late 1940s after several reports that it could reduce blood sugar levels in people, and in 1957, French physician Jean Sterne published the first clinical trial of metformin as a treatment for diabetes. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes Answer: No Question: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: What is the name of the six-part comic book mini-series based on a character in Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2? Suggested answer: The earlier games in the series are set primarily in World War II , this includes: Call of Duty, Call of Duty 2, and Call of Duty 3. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes Answer: No input with options: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what is managerial engineering Suggested answer: Largely, engineering managers manage engineers who are driven by non-entrepreneurial thinking, thus require the necessary people skills to coach, mentor and motivate technical professionals. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes output: No Q: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: when did the civil war start and where Suggested answer: The autumn 1862 Confederate campaign into Maryland (a Union state) ended with Confederate retreat at the Battle of Antietam , dissuading British intervention. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes A: No input: OPTIONS: - No - Yes Now, answer this question: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: What country has a single solid color flag Suggested answer: The flag is flown by the government, but usually can also be flown by citizens of the country. Should I validate this answer? A: output: No Question: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what is the role of heredity Suggested answer: This is the process by which an offspring cell or organism acquires or becomes predisposed to the characteristics of its parent cell or organism. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes Answer:	Yes	wiki_qa_automatic_system
I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what is a fret on a guitar Suggested answer: Fretting often refers to the frets and/or their system of placement. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes No I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what happens to the chemical composition of cocaine when you add it to alcohol Suggested answer: It is addictive because of its effect on the mesolimbic reward pathway . Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes Answer: No Question: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: when does embryo secrete hgh Suggested answer: In molecular biology , human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced by the fertilized egg after conception . Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes Answer: No input with options: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what is metformin used for Suggested answer: It is the first-line drug of choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes , in particular, in overweight and obese people and those with normal kidney function. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes output: Yes Q: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: What is the third theory of language acquisition. Suggested answer: The academic discipline of second-language acquisition is a subdiscipline of applied linguistics . Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes A: No I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what are some chinese inventions Suggested answer: The contemporaneous Peiligang and Pengtoushan cultures represent the oldest Neolithic cultures of China and were formed around 7000 BC. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes	No	wiki_qa_automatic_system
I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what is the lifespan of a down's syndrome individual Suggested answer: A large proportion of individuals with Down syndrome have a severe degree of intellectual disability . Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes No -- I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what states does interstate 70 travel through Suggested answer: The Eisenhower Tunnel is the highest point along the Interstate Highway system with an elevation of . Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes No -- I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what was the name of the magazine all teenager read in 2000s Suggested answer: The institutions, linkages and technologies that emerged or were redefined earlier would subsequently in this decade benefit many countries, in particular China and India. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes No -- I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what is metformin used for Suggested answer: Metformin is now believed to be the most widely prescribed antidiabetic drug in the world; in the United States alone, more than 48 million prescriptions were filled in 2010 for its generic formulations . Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes	No --	wiki_qa_automatic_system
Problem:OPTIONS: - No - Yes I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: when was everybody hates chris made Suggested answer: Rock stated: "Everybody Loves Raymond but Everybody Hates Chris!". Should I validate this answer? **** A: No I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: how do you heal a bed sore Suggested answer: The healing of pressure ulcers may be slowed by the age of the person, medical conditions (such as arteriosclerosis,diabetes or infection), smoking or medications such as antiinflammatory drugs. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes No I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: who killed julius caesar Suggested answer: He centralised the bureaucracy of the Republic and was eventually proclaimed "dictator in perpetuity". Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes Answer: No Question: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: who is julia roberts married to Suggested answer: In 2001, Ladies Home Journal ranked her as the 11th most powerful woman in the United States. Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes Answer: No input with options: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what did isaac newton do Suggested answer: In his later life, Newton became president of the Royal Society . Should I validate this answer? OPTIONS: - No - Yes output: No Problem: OPTIONS: - No - Yes Q: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what are the rivers in india Suggested answer: Many of the channels mentioned in that survey have now become dead, dried or even extinct. Should I validate this answer? Answer:	No	wiki_qa_automatic_system
Choose your answer from: a). No b). Yes Given those answer options, answer the question: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what is the difference between diabetic and adiabatic process Suggested answer: The lapse rate is defined as the rate of decrease with height for an atmospheric variable. Should I validate this answer? A:	a).	wiki_qa_automatic_system
Q: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: how south african leaders are elected Suggested answer: Along with Thabo Mbeki, the last State President, F.W. De Klerk also served as Deputy President, in his capacity as the leader of the National Party which was the second-largest party in the new Parliament. Should I validate this answer? \| OPTIONS: - No - Yes A: No Q: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what is metformin used for Suggested answer: Interest in metformin was rekindled in the late 1940s after several reports that it could reduce blood sugar levels in people, and in 1957, French physician Jean Sterne published the first clinical trial of metformin as a treatment for diabetes. Should I validate this answer? \| OPTIONS: - No - Yes A: No Q: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: how does lex luthor die in superman Suggested answer: IGN 's list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time ranked Luthor as #4. Should I validate this answer? \| OPTIONS: - No - Yes A: No Q: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: how many domain names are registered Suggested answer: Domain names are usually written in lowercase, although labels in the Domain Name System are case-insensitive . Should I validate this answer? \| OPTIONS: - No - Yes	A: No	wiki_qa_automatic_system
Available choices: (a). No. (b). Yes. Given those answer options, answer the question: I am verifying the answers generated by an automatic system to the following question: what is metformin used for Suggested answer: It is the first-line drug of choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes , in particular, in overweight and obese people and those with normal kidney function. Should I validate this answer? A:	(b).	wiki_qa_automatic_system
Categorize the comment on the basis of sexual explicitness. If the comment is sexually explicit output Yes, otherwise output No. Ex Input: Ha! We sent our Rat Terrier Bobo under the house to clear out critters prior to crawling under the house too. Great story & house! Ex Output: Yes Ex Input: He was in jail for acting out due to mental health issues. Yes, hugging someone, grabbing someones butt and grabbing for body parts without their consent is sexual assault. However, Mr. Bolus was mentally ill. We don't hold diabetics responsible when their blood surgar plunges and causes them to drive erratically like a drunk on a 3 day spree, why do you think it's any different for the mentally ill? In any case, he didn't deserve to die. From what I can see, the state was negligent. Ex Output: Yes Ex Input: They are corrupted. They will act in the same manner, corrupted. Ex Output:	No	task1723_civil_comments_sexuallyexplicit_classification
Categorize the comment on the basis of sexual explicitness. If the comment is sexually explicit output Yes, otherwise output No. [Q]: He was in jail for acting out due to mental health issues. Yes, hugging someone, grabbing someones butt and grabbing for body parts without their consent is sexual assault. However, Mr. Bolus was mentally ill. We don't hold diabetics responsible when their blood surgar plunges and causes them to drive erratically like a drunk on a 3 day spree, why do you think it's any different for the mentally ill? In any case, he didn't deserve to die. From what I can see, the state was negligent. [A]: Yes [Q]: If there is such a thing as an "Ethical attorney" I haven't ever run into one...... [A]: No [Q]: I think if it's brown we ought to flush it. [A]:	Yes	task1723_civil_comments_sexuallyexplicit_classification
Categorize the comment on the basis of sexual explicitness. If the comment is sexually explicit output Yes, otherwise output No. Ex Input: He was in jail for acting out due to mental health issues. Yes, hugging someone, grabbing someones butt and grabbing for body parts without their consent is sexual assault. However, Mr. Bolus was mentally ill. We don't hold diabetics responsible when their blood surgar plunges and causes them to drive erratically like a drunk on a 3 day spree, why do you think it's any different for the mentally ill? In any case, he didn't deserve to die. From what I can see, the state was negligent. Ex Output: Yes Ex Input: That is quite an accusation - I would say that it sounds like you're someone who has no experience either in life or in the court system. Ex Output: No Ex Input: You're going to try and make the argument 'if' you were Jewish???. Look up the definition ,if you don't know it. Your comment was anti-Semitic anyway you want to twist it, whether you're Jewish or not. And you're not, hypothetical's don't give it validity,so don't play that angle. You just answered your own question, that disregards the rest of your diatribe. You said ' it's shameful practicing eugenics 'regardless of his being Jewish'. There you go. The issue of whether eugenics is bad or not is another issue. But what difference does it make if he's Jewish or not? Why mention it??? The issue of religious belief towards eugenics didn't come up in the article. Religion wasn't a concern to Schnitzer. That is what makes it anti-Semitic, any way you try and twist it around. That he is Jewish had nothing to do with the topic/issue. You threw it in there. You're an anti-semite (and you're not Jewish, that analogy is irrelevant. There you go. You just put your foot in your mouth. Ex Output:	Yes	task1723_civil_comments_sexuallyexplicit_classification
Categorize the comment on the basis of sexual explicitness. If the comment is sexually explicit output Yes, otherwise output No. Saint Eligius, the patron saint of horses, called and wants the carcass back. And PETA's attorney is holding on line two. Time to try a new hobby. No He was in jail for acting out due to mental health issues. Yes, hugging someone, grabbing someones butt and grabbing for body parts without their consent is sexual assault. However, Mr. Bolus was mentally ill. We don't hold diabetics responsible when their blood surgar plunges and causes them to drive erratically like a drunk on a 3 day spree, why do you think it's any different for the mentally ill? In any case, he didn't deserve to die. From what I can see, the state was negligent. Yes Woo, woo! Commies under the bed. Leave the lights on, mommy.	Yes	task1723_civil_comments_sexuallyexplicit_classification
You will be given a definition of a task first, then some input of the task. Categorize the comment on the basis of sexual explicitness. If the comment is sexually explicit output Yes, otherwise output No. He was in jail for acting out due to mental health issues. Yes, hugging someone, grabbing someones butt and grabbing for body parts without their consent is sexual assault. However, Mr. Bolus was mentally ill. We don't hold diabetics responsible when their blood surgar plunges and causes them to drive erratically like a drunk on a 3 day spree, why do you think it's any different for the mentally ill? In any case, he didn't deserve to die. From what I can see, the state was negligent. Output:	Yes	task1723_civil_comments_sexuallyexplicit_classification
Q: In this task, you're shown a three-part story, with a beginning, middle, and ending. Your job is to slightly modify the middle part, so that the whole story becomes unlikely, improbable, or inconsistent. Generated sentences must minimally alter the given middle, with at most 4 new words added/existing words removed. Your sentence should be grammatically and syntactically correct. Also stick to the context of the given story. For example, if the story talks about "doctors", you can talk about "health" or "diagnosis", but don't mention "aliens". Avoid introducing any extra/irrelevant information, and use names instead of pronouns (e.g. he / she) wherever possible. Avoid simply negating the original middle, for example: "She likes cakes." is changed to "She doesn't like cakes." Beginning: James went apple picking with his mother. Middle: They picked enough to make ten pies. Ending: The pie turned out to be delicious! A:	James was a diabetic.	task068_abductivenli_incorrect_answer_generation
In this task, you're shown a three-part story, with a beginning, middle, and ending. Your job is to slightly modify the middle part, so that the whole story becomes unlikely, improbable, or inconsistent. Generated sentences must minimally alter the given middle, with at most 4 new words added/existing words removed. Your sentence should be grammatically and syntactically correct. Also stick to the context of the given story. For example, if the story talks about "doctors", you can talk about "health" or "diagnosis", but don't mention "aliens". Avoid introducing any extra/irrelevant information, and use names instead of pronouns (e.g. he / she) wherever possible. Avoid simply negating the original middle, for example: "She likes cakes." is changed to "She doesn't like cakes." -------- Question: Beginning: A man greeted me in school. Middle: The man was unable to speak but looked lost. Ending: He pointed to where he needed to go and I showed him some direction. Answer: I was unable to speak but looked lost. Question: Beginning: Tim wanted blonde streaks in his hair. Middle: Tim thought it would be cheaper to do it himself. Ending: Tim realized he should've let a professional streak his hair! Answer: Tim thought it would be better to go to a stylist.". Question: Beginning: James went apple picking with his mother. Middle: They picked enough to make ten pies. Ending: The pie turned out to be delicious! Answer:	James was a diabetic.	task068_abductivenli_incorrect_answer_generation
Teacher: In this task, you're shown a three-part story, with a beginning, middle, and ending. Your job is to slightly modify the middle part, so that the whole story becomes unlikely, improbable, or inconsistent. Generated sentences must minimally alter the given middle, with at most 4 new words added/existing words removed. Your sentence should be grammatically and syntactically correct. Also stick to the context of the given story. For example, if the story talks about "doctors", you can talk about "health" or "diagnosis", but don't mention "aliens". Avoid introducing any extra/irrelevant information, and use names instead of pronouns (e.g. he / she) wherever possible. Avoid simply negating the original middle, for example: "She likes cakes." is changed to "She doesn't like cakes." Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example: Beginning: Lauren finished her late night shift at the bar feeling tired. Middle: Lauren took a long hot bath when she got home. Ending: Lauren's husband was glad to see her feeling refreshed. Solution: Lauren's husband took a long hot bath when he got home. Reason: If a person takes a bath, another person's tiredness is not reduced. Now, solve this instance: Beginning: A child got a lot of candy on Halloween. Middle: He ate so much candy, he got sick and went to the doctor. Ending: It did, however, reveal his hitherto undiagnosed diabetes. Student:	He ate so little candy, he got sick and went to the doctor.	task068_abductivenli_incorrect_answer_generation
Definition: In this task, you're shown a three-part story, with a beginning, middle, and ending. Your job is to slightly modify the middle part, so that the whole story becomes unlikely, improbable, or inconsistent. Generated sentences must minimally alter the given middle, with at most 4 new words added/existing words removed. Your sentence should be grammatically and syntactically correct. Also stick to the context of the given story. For example, if the story talks about "doctors", you can talk about "health" or "diagnosis", but don't mention "aliens". Avoid introducing any extra/irrelevant information, and use names instead of pronouns (e.g. he / she) wherever possible. Avoid simply negating the original middle, for example: "She likes cakes." is changed to "She doesn't like cakes." Input: Beginning: A child got a lot of candy on Halloween. Middle: He ate so much candy, he got sick and went to the doctor. Ending: It did, however, reveal his hitherto undiagnosed diabetes. Output:	He ate so little candy, he got sick and went to the doctor.	task068_abductivenli_incorrect_answer_generation
Part 1. Definition In this task, you're shown a three-part story, with a beginning, middle, and ending. Your job is to slightly modify the middle part, so that the whole story becomes unlikely, improbable, or inconsistent. Generated sentences must minimally alter the given middle, with at most 4 new words added/existing words removed. Your sentence should be grammatically and syntactically correct. Also stick to the context of the given story. For example, if the story talks about "doctors", you can talk about "health" or "diagnosis", but don't mention "aliens". Avoid introducing any extra/irrelevant information, and use names instead of pronouns (e.g. he / she) wherever possible. Avoid simply negating the original middle, for example: "She likes cakes." is changed to "She doesn't like cakes." Part 2. Example Beginning: Lauren finished her late night shift at the bar feeling tired. Middle: Lauren took a long hot bath when she got home. Ending: Lauren's husband was glad to see her feeling refreshed. Answer: Lauren's husband took a long hot bath when he got home. Explanation: If a person takes a bath, another person's tiredness is not reduced. Part 3. Exercise Beginning: James went apple picking with his mother. Middle: They picked enough to make ten pies. Ending: The pie turned out to be delicious! Answer:	James was a diabetic.	task068_abductivenli_incorrect_answer_generation
In this task, you are given a word, followed by two sentences. Your task is to figure out whether both the sentences use the aforementioned word with the same meaning. You should respond with 'True' if the words in both sentences share the same meaning, and 'False' otherwise. Q: recognition Sentence1: He was unable to make his motion because he couldn't get recognition by the chairman. Sentence2: Increasing recognition that diabetes frequently coexists with other chronic diseases. A:	True.	task625_xlwic_true_or_false_answer_generation
In this task, you are given a word, followed by two sentences. Your task is to figure out whether both the sentences use the aforementioned word with the same meaning. You should respond with 'True' if the words in both sentences share the same meaning, and 'False' otherwise. [EX Q]: recognition Sentence1: He was unable to make his motion because he couldn't get recognition by the chairman. Sentence2: Increasing recognition that diabetes frequently coexists with other chronic diseases. [EX A]: True. [EX Q]: image Sentence1: The number 6 is the image of 3 under f that is defined as f(x) = 2*x. Sentence2: The image of f(x) = x^2 is the set of all non-negative real numbers if the domain of the function is the set of all real numbers. [EX A]: False. [EX Q]: connection Sentence1: The connection between church and state is inescapable. Sentence2: My headache has no connection with me going out last night. [EX A]:	False.	task625_xlwic_true_or_false_answer_generation
In this task, you are given a word, followed by two sentences. Your task is to figure out whether both the sentences use the aforementioned word with the same meaning. You should respond with 'True' if the words in both sentences share the same meaning, and 'False' otherwise. Q: close Sentence1: The owners decided to move and to close the factory. Sentence2: My business closes every night at 8 P.M. A: False. ** Q: shatter Sentence1: A high-pitched voice that could shatter glass. Sentence2: The old oak tree has been shattered by lightning. A: False. ** Q: recognition Sentence1: He was unable to make his motion because he couldn't get recognition by the chairman. Sentence2: Increasing recognition that diabetes frequently coexists with other chronic diseases. A:	True. ****	task625_xlwic_true_or_false_answer_generation
Detailed Instructions: In this task, you are given a word, followed by two sentences. Your task is to figure out whether both the sentences use the aforementioned word with the same meaning. You should respond with 'True' if the words in both sentences share the same meaning, and 'False' otherwise. See one example below: Problem: dust Sentence1: Another one bites the dust. Sentence2: The maid used a handkerchief to remove dust off the table. Solution: True. Explanation: In both of the input sentences, the word 'dust' refers to sand, and therefore the words share the same meaning. Problem: recognition Sentence1: He was unable to make his motion because he couldn't get recognition by the chairman. Sentence2: Increasing recognition that diabetes frequently coexists with other chronic diseases. Solution:	True.	task625_xlwic_true_or_false_answer_generation
QUESTION: Given the sentence "A young girl is sitting on santa's lap." is it true that "A young girl tells santa what she wants for christmas."? Let's solve it slowly: Not all girls who sit on Santa's lap tell him what they want for Christmas. The answer is it is not possible to tell. [QUESTION] Premise: "A young boy in a white shirt is kicking a ball into a goal." Based on this premise, can we conclude that the hypothesis "The young boy is on a soccer team." is true? Options: - yes - it is not possible to tell - no A young boy kicking a ball into a goal is not necessarily on a soccer team. The answer is it is not possible to tell. Q: Can we conclude from "A football player in white is being tackled by a oklahoma university player." that "There are football players in a sugar bowl game."? Options: - yes - no - it is not possible to tell A: A football player in white is being tackled by a Oklahoma University player does not indicate that the players in a Sugar Bowl game. The answer is it is not possible to tell. QUESTION: Premise: "Bearded overweight man carrying drink and yawning." Hypothesis: "The man has diabetes." Do we know that the hypothesis entailed by the premise? Let's solve it slowly: The man is overweight but that doesn't mean that he has diabetes. The answer is it is not possible to tell. [QUESTION] Premise: "Child in blue shirt with eye closed and left arm wrapped with ace bandage and propped on a white pillow." Hypothesis: "Child in blue shirt with eye closed as he is ill." Do we know that the hypothesis entailed by the premise? Eyes being closed and an arm wrapped with a bandage does not imply that the child is ill. The answer is it is not possible to tell. Q: Can we conclude from "A naked cowboy taking pictures with two ladies." that "The cowboy is taking pictures with two ladies."? Options: - yes - no - it is not possible to tell A:	A cowboy taking pictures with two ladies is said the same way. The answer is yes.	cot_esnli
Premise: "Bearded overweight man carrying drink and yawning." Hypothesis: "The man has diabetes." Do we know that the hypothesis entailed by the premise? A step-by-step solution is:	The man is overweight but that doesn't mean that he has diabetes. The final answer: it is not possible to tell.	cot_esnli
[QUESTION] Premise: "Looks like 4 young people who have to pay back to society for something they have done wrong and have to go pick up rubbish therefore the orange vests and such." Hypothesis: "Some convicts are working." Is the hypothesis entailed by the premise? Options: - yes - it is not possible to tell - no Some convicts are working doesn't make sense that Looks like 4 young people who have to pay back to society for something they have done wrong and have to go pick up rubbish therefore the orange vests and such. The answer is it is not possible to tell. Q: Test for natural language inference. Premise: "A woman in a blue coat is cleaning the teeth of a child with a pink bib." Hypothesis: "The woman is playing with the child." Is the hypothesis entailed by the premise? Options: - yes - no - it is not possible to tell A: A woman cleaning the teeth of a child would not have been playing with the child. The answer is no. QUESTION: Given the sentence "A squad of military personnel are driving a jeep in an urban setting." is it true that "The squad is heading to a battle."? Let's solve it slowly: Driving a jeep in an urban setting does not necessarily imply that the squad is going to battle. The answer is it is not possible to tell. [QUESTION] Premise: "A boy smiles standing in front of a swimming pool." Hypothesis: "A kid is ready to swim." Do we know that the hypothesis entailed by the premise? A boy smiles standing in front of a swimming pool does not necessary that a kid is ready to swim. The answer is it is not possible to tell. Q: Given the sentence "A couple is walking down a busy city street when they pass a bird show." is it true that "A married couple in the middle of the shopping season."? A: A couple is walking down a busy city street when they pass a bird show does not imply they are a married couple in the middle of the shopping season. The answer is it is not possible to tell. [QUESTION] Premise: "Bearded overweight man carrying drink and yawning." Hypothesis: "The man has diabetes." Do we know that the hypothesis entailed by the premise?	The man is overweight but that doesn't mean that he has diabetes. The answer is it is not possible to tell.	cot_esnli
Question. Context: The normal blood glucose level (tested while fasting) for non-diabetics, should be between 3.9 and 5.5 mmol / L (70 to 100 mg / dL). The mean normal blood glucose level in humans is about 5.5 mmol / L (100 mg / dL); however, this level fluctuates throughout the day. Blood sugar levels for those without diabetes and who are not fasting should be below 6.9 mmol / L (125 mg / dL). The blood glucose target range for diabetics, according to the American Diabetes Association, should be 5.0 -- 7.2 mmol / l (90 -- 130 mg / dL) before meals, and less than 10 mmol / L (180 mg / dL) after meals (as measured by a blood glucose monitor). Question: what is the normal percentage of sugar level in the body? Answer. between 3.9 and 5.5 mmol / L ( 70 to 100 mg / dL ) What step-by-step reasoning justifies that answer?	Reasoning: The relevant information to answer the above question is: The normal blood glucose level (tested while fasting) for non-diabetics, should be between 3.9 and 5.5 mmol / L (70 to 100 mg / dL).	stream_qed_ii
Answer: Volkswagen Group. Now, what could be the question and solution-maybe? Ques: Volkswagen AG (German: ( ˈfɔlksˌvaːgn̩) ), known internationally as Volkswagen Group, is a German multinational automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Wolfsburg, Lower Saxony, Germany. It designs, manufactures and distributes passenger and commercial vehicles, motorcycles, engines, and turbomachinery and offers related services including financing, leasing and fleet management. In 2016, it was the world's largest automaker by sales, overtaking Toyota and keeping this title in 2017, selling 10.7 million vehicles. It has maintained the largest market share in Europe for over two decades. It ranked sixth in the 2017 Fortune Global 500 list of the world's largest companies. Volkswagen Group sells passenger cars under the Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, Porsche, SEAT, Škoda and Volkswagen marques; motorcycles under the Ducati brand; and commercial vehicles under the marques MAN, Scania, and Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles. It is divided into two primary divisions, the Automotive Division and the Financial Services Division, and as of 2008 had approximately 342 subsidiary companies. VW also has two major joint-ventures in China (FAW-Volkswagen and SAIC Volkswagen). The company has operations in approximately 150 countries and operates 100 production facilities across 27 countries. Based on this passage, who owns bentley bugatti lamborghini audi ducati and porsche? CoT: The relevant information to answer the above question is: Volkswagen Group sells passenger cars under the Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, Porsche, SEAT, Škoda and Volkswagen marques; motorcycles under the Ducati brand; and commercial vehicles under the marques MAN, Scania, and Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles. Ans: Adrian Lukis Ques: The producers found Crispin Bonham-Carter to have the best physical contrast to Firth's Darcy and gave him his first major television role as the good-natured and wealthy Mr Charles Bingley. Bonham-Carter had originally auditioned for the part of Mr George Wickham, a handsome militia lieutenant whose charm conceals his licentiousness and greed, but Adrian Lukis was cast instead. Anna Chancellor, of Four Weddings and a Funeral fame, played Mr Bingley's sister Caroline Bingley. (Chancellor is also Jane Austen's six-times-great-niece) Mr Bingley's other sister and his brother-in-law were played by Lucy Robinson (Louisa Hurst) and Rupert Vansittart (Mr Hurst). Casting the role of Darcy's young sister, Georgiana, proved hard as the producers were looking for a young actress who appeared innocent, proud and yet shy, had class and could also play the piano. After auditioning over 70 actresses, Simon Langton suggested Emilia Fox, the real-life daughter of Joanna David (Mrs Gardiner), for the part. Barbara Leigh-Hunt was cast as Darcy's meddling aunt, Lady Catherine de Bourgh, without auditions or screen tests. Based on this passage, who played wickham in pride and prejudice 1995? CoT: The relevant information to answer the above question is: Bonham-Carter had originally auditioned for the part of Mr George Wickham, a handsome militia lieutenant whose charm conceals his licentiousness and greed, but Adrian Lukis was cast instead. Ans: October 17 , 2017 Ques: Spider-Man: Homecoming was released on digital download by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment on September 26, 2017, and on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, Ultra HD Blu-ray, and DVD on October 17, 2017. The digital and Blu-ray releases include behind-the-scenes featurettes, deleted scenes, and a blooper reel. Based on this passage, when does spiderman homcoming come out on dvd? CoT: To answer this question, we should know that: Spider-Man: Homecoming was released on digital download by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment on September 26, 2017, and on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, Ultra HD Blu-ray, and DVD on October 17, 2017. Answer: a bacterial infection. Now, what could be the question and solution-maybe? Ques: Context: The cause is usually a bacterial infection; rarely, a fungal infection. It may occur by spread from the blood or from surrounding tissue. Risks for developing osteomyelitis include diabetes, intravenous drug use, prior removal of the spleen, and trauma to the area. Diagnosis is typically suspected based on symptoms. This is then supported by blood tests, medical imaging, or bone biopsy. Question: most common cause of osteomyelitis in iv drug users? CoT: To answer this question, we should know that: The cause is usually a bacterial infection; rarely, a fungal infection. Ans: a model of the economy in which the major exchanges are represented as flows of money , goods and services , etc. between economic agents Ques: The circular flow of income or circular flow is a model of the economy in which the major exchanges are represented as flows of money, goods and services, etc. between economic agents. The flows of money and goods exchanged in a closed circuit correspond in value, but run in the opposite direction. The circular flow analysis is the basis of national accounts and hence of macroeconomics. What is meant by the circular flow of income? CoT: To answer the question, consider the following: The circular flow of income or circular flow is a model of the economy in which the major exchanges are represented as flows of money, goods and services, etc. between economic agents. Ans: at least $123.8 trillion ( 723 % of GDP )	Ques: The financial position of the United States includes assets of at least $269.6 trillion (1576 % of GDP) and debts of $145.8 trillion (852 % of GDP) to produce a net worth of at least $123.8 trillion (723 % of GDP) as of Q1 2014. Based on this passage, what is the net worth of united states? CoT: To answer the question, consider the following: The financial position of the United States includes assets of at least $269.6 trillion (1576 % of GDP) and debts of $145.8 trillion (852 % of GDP) to produce a net worth of at least $123.8 trillion (723 % of GDP) as of Q1 2014.	stream_qed_ii
Ans: 116 E. Walton Street Ques: The Playboy Club was initially a chain of nightclubs and resorts owned and operated by Playboy Enterprises. The first club opened at 116 E. Walton Street in downtown Chicago, Illinois, United States, on February 29, 1960. Each club generally featured a Living Room, a Playmate Bar, a Dining Room, and a Club Room. Members and their guests were served food and drinks by Playboy Bunnies, some of whom were featured in Playboy magazine. The clubs offered name entertainers and comedians in the Club Rooms, and local musicians and the occasional close-up magician in the Living Rooms. Starting with the London and Jamaica club locations, the Playboy Club became international in scope. In 1991, the club chain became defunct. On October 6, 2006 a new club was opened in Las Vegas, and in 2010 new clubs were opened as well in Macao and Cancun. In time the Las Vegas club closed on June 4, 2012, the Macao club closed in 2013 and the Cancun club closed in 2014. In May 2014 the Commerce Casino in Los Angeles opened a Playboy themed lounge consisting of gaming tables and Playboy Bunny cocktail waitresses. Where was the playboy club located in chicago? CoT: To answer this question, we should know that: The first club opened at 116 E. Walton Street in downtown Chicago, Illinois, United States, on February 29, 1960. Ans: 1776 Ques: Context: Armed conflict began in 1775. In 1776, the Second Continental Congress declared the independence of the colonies as the United States of America. Led by General George Washington, it won the Revolutionary War with large support from France. The peace treaty of 1783 gave the new nation the land east of the Mississippi River (except Canada and Florida). The Articles of Confederation established a central government, but it was ineffectual at providing stability, as it could not collect taxes and had no executive officer. A convention in 1787 wrote a new Constitution that was adopted in 1789. In 1791, a Bill of Rights was added to guarantee inalienable rights. With Washington as the first president and Alexander Hamilton his chief adviser, a strong central government was created. Purchase of the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803 doubled the size of the United States. A second and final war with Britain was fought in 1812, which solidified national pride. Question: when did we become the united states of america? CoT: To answer this question, we should know that: In 1776, the Second Continental Congress declared the independence of the colonies as the United States of America. Answer: The King of Limbs. Now, what could be the question and solution-maybe? Ques: "Lotus Flower" is a song by the English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on their eighth studio album The King of Limbs (2011). It features singer Thom Yorke's falsetto over syncopated beats and a "propulsive" bass line. Its music video, featuring Yorke's erratic dancing, spawned an internet meme. What album is lotus flower by radiohead on? CoT: To answer the question, consider the following: "Lotus Flower" is a song by the English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on their eighth studio album The King of Limbs (2011). Ans: August 23 , 1994 Ques: On August 23, 1994, the United States Congress, by Pub. L. 103 -- 308, designated December 7 of each year as National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day. On Pearl Harbor Day, the American flag should be flown at half-staff until sunset to honor those who died as a result of the attack on U.S. Military and naval forces in Hawaii. Answer this question: when did pearl harbor day become a holiday? CoT: The important part for answering this question is: On August 23, 1994, the United States Congress, by Pub. L. 103 -- 308, designated December 7 of each year as National Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day. Ans: Eric Stoltz Ques: In 1990, Elizabeth married Henry McCord (Tim Daly). They have two daughters, Stephanie "Stevie" (Wallis Currie-Wood) and Alison (Kathrine Herzer), and a son, Jason (Evan Roe). She also has a brother, Dr. Will Adams (Eric Stoltz), who is married to Sophie Adams, and with whom he has a 5-year-old daughter, Annie; both of her parents died when she was young, in a car accident. She speaks fluent French, German, Arabic, Persian and "a year of high school Spanish". Answer this question based on the passage: who plays elizabeth mccord's brother on madam secretary? CoT: The relevant information is: She also has a brother, Dr. Will Adams (Eric Stoltz), who is married to Sophie Adams, and with whom he has a 5-year-old daughter, Annie; both of her parents died when she was young, in a car accident. Answer: between 3.9 and 5.5 mmol / L ( 70 to 100 mg / dL ). Now, what could be the question and solution-maybe?	Ques: Context: The normal blood glucose level (tested while fasting) for non-diabetics, should be between 3.9 and 5.5 mmol / L (70 to 100 mg / dL). The mean normal blood glucose level in humans is about 5.5 mmol / L (100 mg / dL); however, this level fluctuates throughout the day. Blood sugar levels for those without diabetes and who are not fasting should be below 6.9 mmol / L (125 mg / dL). The blood glucose target range for diabetics, according to the American Diabetes Association, should be 5.0 -- 7.2 mmol / l (90 -- 130 mg / dL) before meals, and less than 10 mmol / L (180 mg / dL) after meals (as measured by a blood glucose monitor). Question: what is the normal percentage of sugar level in the body? CoT: The relevant information to answer the above question is: The normal blood glucose level (tested while fasting) for non-diabetics, should be between 3.9 and 5.5 mmol / L (70 to 100 mg / dL).	stream_qed_ii
Ans: chewy tapioca balls Ques: Passage: Boba tea (also known as pearl milk tea, bubble milk tea, boba juice, boba tea, or simply bubble tea) (Chinese: 波霸奶茶; pinyin: bōbà nǎichá, with tapioca balls it is 珍珠奶茶; zhēnzhū nǎichá) is a Taiwanese tea-based drink invented in Tainan and Taichung in the 1980s. Most bubble tea recipes contain a tea base mixed with fruit or milk, to which chewy tapioca balls (known as bubbles, pearls, or boba) and fruit jelly (especially tropical fruits like lychee) are often added. Ice-blended versions are usually mixed with fruit or syrup, resulting in a slushy consistency. There are many varieties of the drink with a wide range of ingredients with some ingredients being mango, taro, coconut, and peach. The two most popular varieties are bubble milk tea with tapioca and bubble milk green tea with tapioca. Question: Based on this passage, what are the little balls in boba tea? CoT: To answer the above question, the relevant sentence is: Most bubble tea recipes contain a tea base mixed with fruit or milk, to which chewy tapioca balls (known as bubbles, pearls, or boba) and fruit jelly (especially tropical fruits like lychee) are often added. Ans: a bacterial infection Ques: Context: The cause is usually a bacterial infection; rarely, a fungal infection. It may occur by spread from the blood or from surrounding tissue. Risks for developing osteomyelitis include diabetes, intravenous drug use, prior removal of the spleen, and trauma to the area. Diagnosis is typically suspected based on symptoms. This is then supported by blood tests, medical imaging, or bone biopsy. Question: most common cause of osteomyelitis in iv drug users? CoT: To answer this question, we should know that: The cause is usually a bacterial infection; rarely, a fungal infection. Ans: The Hong Kong dollar Ques: The Hong Kong dollar (Chinese: 港幣; Cantonese Yale: Góng bàih; sign: HK $; code: HKD) is the official currency of Hong Kong. It is subdivided into 100 cents. The Hong Kong Monetary Authority is the governmental currency board and also the de facto central bank for Hong Kong and the Hong Kong dollar. Based on this passage, what is the money used in hong kong? CoT: The relevant sentence in the passage is: The Hong Kong dollar (Chinese: 港幣; Cantonese Yale: Góng bàih; sign: HK $; code: HKD) is the official currency of Hong Kong. Ans: Uzoamaka Nwanneka `` Uzo '' Aduba	Ques: Uzoamaka Nwanneka "Uzo" Aduba (/ ˈuːzoʊ əˈduːbə /; born February 10, 1981) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Suzanne "Crazy Eyes" Warren on the Netflix original series Orange Is the New Black (2013 -- present), for which she won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series in 2014, an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2015, and two Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series in 2014 and 2015. She is one of only two actors to win an Emmy Award recognition in both the comedy and drama categories for the same role, the other being Ed Asner for the character Lou Grant. Answer this question based on the passage: who plays suzanne warren on orange is the new black? CoT: This is the relevant information: She is known for her role as Suzanne "Crazy Eyes" Warren on the Netflix original series Orange Is the New Black (2013 -- present), for which she won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series in 2014, an Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2015, and two Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series in 2014 and 2015.	stream_qed_ii
The relevant information to answer the above question is: However, on the West Coast (and all of the Mountain Time Zone), because the actual end of the live games is much earlier in the afternoon in comparison to the Eastern and Central time zones, 60 Minutes is always able to start at its normal start time of 7: 00 p.m. Pacific Time, leaving affiliates free to broadcast local news, the CBS Evening News, and other local or syndicated programming leading up to 60 Minutes. 7 : 00 p.m. Pacific Time Context: The program sometimes does not start until after 7: 00 p.m. Eastern, due largely to CBS' live broadcast of NFL games. At the conclusion of an NFL game, 60 Minutes will air in its entirety. However, on the West Coast (and all of the Mountain Time Zone), because the actual end of the live games is much earlier in the afternoon in comparison to the Eastern and Central time zones, 60 Minutes is always able to start at its normal start time of 7: 00 p.m. Pacific Time, leaving affiliates free to broadcast local news, the CBS Evening News, and other local or syndicated programming leading up to 60 Minutes. The program's success has also led CBS Sports to schedule events (such as the final round of the Masters Tournament and the second round and regional final games of the NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament) leading into 60 Minutes and the rest of the network's primetime lineup, thus (again, except on the West Coast) pre-empting the Sunday editions of the CBS Evening News and affiliates' local newscasts. Question: when does 60 minutes come on west coast? The important part for answering this question is: The Sierra Leone Civil War (1991 -- 2002) began on 23 March 1991 when the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), with support from the special forces of Charles Taylor's National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), intervened in Sierra Leone in an attempt to overthrow the Joseph Momoh government. 1991 Passage: The Sierra Leone Civil War (1991 -- 2002) began on 23 March 1991 when the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), with support from the special forces of Charles Taylor's National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), intervened in Sierra Leone in an attempt to overthrow the Joseph Momoh government. The resulting civil war lasted 11 years, enveloped the country, and left over 50,000 dead. Question: Based on this passage, when did the war start in sierra leone? The relevant information to answer the above question is: The normal blood glucose level (tested while fasting) for non-diabetics, should be between 3.9 and 5.5 mmol / L (70 to 100 mg / dL). between 3.9 and 5.5 mmol / L ( 70 to 100 mg / dL )	Context: The normal blood glucose level (tested while fasting) for non-diabetics, should be between 3.9 and 5.5 mmol / L (70 to 100 mg / dL). The mean normal blood glucose level in humans is about 5.5 mmol / L (100 mg / dL); however, this level fluctuates throughout the day. Blood sugar levels for those without diabetes and who are not fasting should be below 6.9 mmol / L (125 mg / dL). The blood glucose target range for diabetics, according to the American Diabetes Association, should be 5.0 -- 7.2 mmol / l (90 -- 130 mg / dL) before meals, and less than 10 mmol / L (180 mg / dL) after meals (as measured by a blood glucose monitor). Question: what is the normal percentage of sugar level in the body?	stream_qed_ii
TASK DEFINITION: Compose a new way to ask the same question. The new question must be asking the exact same thing as the original question does. Without any other information, you should be able to tell that the original question and the new question are the same. Preserve bracketed phrases in your new question. You can change the rest of the question provided the above requirements are satisfied. The new question must have a natural, fluent formulation, as if it were composed by a native English speaker. You will be given three pieces of information to help you create better questions. Those are: "Answer": the answer to the question, e.g., "Honolulu". "Answer Type": the type of the answer, e.g., "Location". "Auxiliary Information" is a detailed description of some concepts mentioned in the question, if any. PROBLEM: original question: Which computer peripheral class has [The Spectrum Emulator]? answer: kempston joystick interface, magnetic tape data storage answer type: Computer Peripheral Class. auxiliary information: Spectrum emulator written in x86 assembler. Emulates a multiface one, kempston joystick and tape drive (via ROM traps) to save data as files in emulator directory. Emulates many, but not all undocumented Z80 instructions but is not cycle accurate as it was originally developed on an original IBM AT (6Mhz 286)! When originally released it managed to run close to full Spectrum speed on a 40MHz 386 and source code is now available on Google Code. SOLUTION: [The Spectrum Emulator] is part of which peripheral class? PROBLEM: original question: What causes a disease with a symptom of [Erectile dysfunction]? answer: hypercholesterolemia, spinal tumor, autoimmunity... answer type: Disease cause. auxiliary information: Erectile dysfunction or impotence is sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis during sexual activity. A penile erection is the hydraulic effect of blood entering and being retained in sponge-like bodies within the penis. The process is most often initiated as a result of sexual arousal, when signals are transmitted from the brain to nerves in the penis. The most important organic causes are cardiovascular disease and diabetes, neurological problems, hormonal insufficiencies and drug side effects. Psychological impotence is where erection or penetration fails due to thoughts or feelings rather than physical impossibility; this is somewhat less frequent but can often be helped. Notably in psychological impotence, there is a strong response to placebo treatment. Erectile dysfunction can have severe psychological consequences as it can be tied to relationship difficulties and masculine self-image generally. Besides treating the underlying causes such as potassium deficiency or arsenic contamination of drinking water, the first line treatment of erectile dysfunction consists of a trial of PDE5 inhibitor drugs. SOLUTION: What causes a disease with a symptom of [Erectile dysfunction]? PROBLEM: original question: Which transit line include [Rapid transit] and another line with vehicle of [Red Line]? answer: line 1 yonge‚äìuniversity, line 3 scarborough, millennium line... answer type: Transit Line. auxiliary information: Rapid transit, also known as metro, subway, underground, or colloquially as "the train", is a type of high-capacity public transport generally found in urban areas. Unlike buses, trams or light rail, rapid transit systems are electric railways that operate on an exclusive right-of-way, which cannot be accessed by pedestrians or other vehicles of any sort, and which is often grade separated in tunnels or on elevated railways. Modern services on rapid transit systems are provided on designated lines between stations typically using electric multiple units on rail tracks, although some systems use guided rubber tyres, magnetic levitation, or monorail. The stations typically have high platforms, without steps inside the trains, requiring custom-made trains in order to avoid gaps. They are typically integrated with other public transport and often operated by the same public transport authorities. However, some rapid transit systems have at-grade intersections between a rapid transit line and a road or between two rapid transit lines. It is unchallenged in its ability to transport large numbers of people quickly over short distances with little use of land.Red Line:;Type: Transit Line. ; SOLUTION:	What route coincides with [Rapid transit] as well as the [Red Line]?	task402_grailqa_paraphrase_generation
Compose a new way to ask the same question. The new question must be asking the exact same thing as the original question does. Without any other information, you should be able to tell that the original question and the new question are the same. Preserve bracketed phrases in your new question. You can change the rest of the question provided the above requirements are satisfied. The new question must have a natural, fluent formulation, as if it were composed by a native English speaker. You will be given three pieces of information to help you create better questions. Those are: "Answer": the answer to the question, e.g., "Honolulu". "Answer Type": the type of the answer, e.g., "Location". "Auxiliary Information" is a detailed description of some concepts mentioned in the question, if any. [Q]: original question: what Award has a Parent award whose Child awards include [International Digital Emmy Awards]? answer: emmy award answer type: Award. auxiliary information: International Digital Emmy Awards is a child award of International Emmy Awards. [A]: [International Digital Emmy Awards] is a child award to what parent award? [Q]: original question: What causes a disease with a symptom of [Erectile dysfunction]? answer: hypercholesterolemia, spinal tumor, autoimmunity... answer type: Disease cause. auxiliary information: Erectile dysfunction or impotence is sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis during sexual activity. A penile erection is the hydraulic effect of blood entering and being retained in sponge-like bodies within the penis. The process is most often initiated as a result of sexual arousal, when signals are transmitted from the brain to nerves in the penis. The most important organic causes are cardiovascular disease and diabetes, neurological problems, hormonal insufficiencies and drug side effects. Psychological impotence is where erection or penetration fails due to thoughts or feelings rather than physical impossibility; this is somewhat less frequent but can often be helped. Notably in psychological impotence, there is a strong response to placebo treatment. Erectile dysfunction can have severe psychological consequences as it can be tied to relationship difficulties and masculine self-image generally. Besides treating the underlying causes such as potassium deficiency or arsenic contamination of drinking water, the first line treatment of erectile dysfunction consists of a trial of PDE5 inhibitor drugs. [A]: What causes a disease with a symptom of [Erectile dysfunction]? [Q]: original question: What is the material of the roller coaster in [Haunted Mansion]? answer: steel answer type: Roller Coaster Material. auxiliary information: The Haunted Mansion is a dark ride attraction located at many Disney theme parks around the world. A significantly re-imagined version of the Haunted Mansion is located exclusively in Disneyland Paris. The Haunted Mansion features a ride-through tour in Omnimover vehicles called Doom Buggies, and a walk-through show is displayed to riders waiting in the line queue. The attraction utilizes a range of technology, from centuries-old theatrical effects to modern special effects featuring spectral Audio-Animatronics. A similar Disney attraction involving the supernatural and set in a mansion, Mystic Manor, opened at Hong Kong Disneyland in 2013. [A]:	The [Haunted Mansion] roller coaster is made of what material?	task402_grailqa_paraphrase_generation
Teacher:Compose a new way to ask the same question. The new question must be asking the exact same thing as the original question does. Without any other information, you should be able to tell that the original question and the new question are the same. Preserve bracketed phrases in your new question. You can change the rest of the question provided the above requirements are satisfied. The new question must have a natural, fluent formulation, as if it were composed by a native English speaker. You will be given three pieces of information to help you create better questions. Those are: "Answer": the answer to the question, e.g., "Honolulu". "Answer Type": the type of the answer, e.g., "Location". "Auxiliary Information" is a detailed description of some concepts mentioned in the question, if any. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? Solve this instance: original question: What causes a disease with a symptom of [Erectile dysfunction]? answer: hypercholesterolemia, spinal tumor, autoimmunity... answer type: Disease cause. auxiliary information: Erectile dysfunction or impotence is sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis during sexual activity. A penile erection is the hydraulic effect of blood entering and being retained in sponge-like bodies within the penis. The process is most often initiated as a result of sexual arousal, when signals are transmitted from the brain to nerves in the penis. The most important organic causes are cardiovascular disease and diabetes, neurological problems, hormonal insufficiencies and drug side effects. Psychological impotence is where erection or penetration fails due to thoughts or feelings rather than physical impossibility; this is somewhat less frequent but can often be helped. Notably in psychological impotence, there is a strong response to placebo treatment. Erectile dysfunction can have severe psychological consequences as it can be tied to relationship difficulties and masculine self-image generally. Besides treating the underlying causes such as potassium deficiency or arsenic contamination of drinking water, the first line treatment of erectile dysfunction consists of a trial of PDE5 inhibitor drugs. Student:	What causes a disease with a symptom of [Erectile dysfunction]?	task402_grailqa_paraphrase_generation
Compose a new way to ask the same question. The new question must be asking the exact same thing as the original question does. Without any other information, you should be able to tell that the original question and the new question are the same. Preserve bracketed phrases in your new question. You can change the rest of the question provided the above requirements are satisfied. The new question must have a natural, fluent formulation, as if it were composed by a native English speaker. You will be given three pieces of information to help you create better questions. Those are: "Answer": the answer to the question, e.g., "Honolulu". "Answer Type": the type of the answer, e.g., "Location". "Auxiliary Information" is a detailed description of some concepts mentioned in the question, if any. -------- Question: original question: What causes a disease with a symptom of [Erectile dysfunction]? answer: hypercholesterolemia, spinal tumor, autoimmunity... answer type: Disease cause. auxiliary information: Erectile dysfunction or impotence is sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis during sexual activity. A penile erection is the hydraulic effect of blood entering and being retained in sponge-like bodies within the penis. The process is most often initiated as a result of sexual arousal, when signals are transmitted from the brain to nerves in the penis. The most important organic causes are cardiovascular disease and diabetes, neurological problems, hormonal insufficiencies and drug side effects. Psychological impotence is where erection or penetration fails due to thoughts or feelings rather than physical impossibility; this is somewhat less frequent but can often be helped. Notably in psychological impotence, there is a strong response to placebo treatment. Erectile dysfunction can have severe psychological consequences as it can be tied to relationship difficulties and masculine self-image generally. Besides treating the underlying causes such as potassium deficiency or arsenic contamination of drinking water, the first line treatment of erectile dysfunction consists of a trial of PDE5 inhibitor drugs. Answer: What causes a disease with a symptom of [Erectile dysfunction]? Question: original question: What is the disease cause of [Rubella]? answer: rubella virus answer type: Disease cause. auxiliary information: Rubella, also known as German measles or three-day measles, is an infection caused by the rubella virus. This disease is often mild with half of people not realizing that they are sick. A rash may start around two weeks after exposure and last for three days. It usually starts on the face and spreads to the rest of the body. The rash is not as bright as that of measles and is sometimes itchy. Swollen lymph nodes are common and may last a few weeks. A fever, sore throat, and fatigue may also occur. In adults joint pain is common. Complications may include bleeding problems, testicular swelling, and inflammation of nerves. Infection during early pregnancy may result in a child born with congenital rubella syndrome or miscarriage. Symptoms of CRS include problems with the eyes such as cataracts, ears such as deafness, heart, and brain. Problems are rare after the 20th week of pregnancy. Rubella is usually spread through the air via coughs of people who are infected. People are infectious during the week before and after the appearance of the rash. Babies with CRS may spread the virus for more than a year. Only humans are infected. Insects do not spread the disease. Answer: [Rubella] is the cause of what disease? Question: original question: what is the emulator of [ASp]? answer: zx spectrum answer type: Computer. Answer:	[ASp]has what emulator?	task402_grailqa_paraphrase_generation
Compose a new way to ask the same question. The new question must be asking the exact same thing as the original question does. Without any other information, you should be able to tell that the original question and the new question are the same. Preserve bracketed phrases in your new question. You can change the rest of the question provided the above requirements are satisfied. The new question must have a natural, fluent formulation, as if it were composed by a native English speaker. You will be given three pieces of information to help you create better questions. Those are: "Answer": the answer to the question, e.g., "Honolulu". "Answer Type": the type of the answer, e.g., "Location". "Auxiliary Information" is a detailed description of some concepts mentioned in the question, if any. original question: which wine's country is [Canada]? answer: adora estate winery gewurztraminer 2003, adora estate winery pinot blanc 2002, adora estate winery elements merlot 2007... answer type: Wine. auxiliary information: Canada is a country, consisting of ten provinces and three territories, in the northern part of the continent of North America. It extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering 9.98 million square kilometres in total, making it the world's second-largest country by total area and the fourth-largest country by land area. Canada's common border with the United States forms the world's longest land border. The land now called Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonies were established on the region's Atlantic coast. As a consequence of various conflicts, the United Kingdom gained and lost North American territories until left, in the late 18th century, with what mostly comprises Canada today. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1, 1867, three colonies joined to form the autonomous federal Dominion of Canada. This began an accretion of provinces and territories to the new self-governing Dominion. Which wines does [Canada] make? original question: What causes a disease with a symptom of [Erectile dysfunction]? answer: hypercholesterolemia, spinal tumor, autoimmunity... answer type: Disease cause. auxiliary information: Erectile dysfunction or impotence is sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis during sexual activity. A penile erection is the hydraulic effect of blood entering and being retained in sponge-like bodies within the penis. The process is most often initiated as a result of sexual arousal, when signals are transmitted from the brain to nerves in the penis. The most important organic causes are cardiovascular disease and diabetes, neurological problems, hormonal insufficiencies and drug side effects. Psychological impotence is where erection or penetration fails due to thoughts or feelings rather than physical impossibility; this is somewhat less frequent but can often be helped. Notably in psychological impotence, there is a strong response to placebo treatment. Erectile dysfunction can have severe psychological consequences as it can be tied to relationship difficulties and masculine self-image generally. Besides treating the underlying causes such as potassium deficiency or arsenic contamination of drinking water, the first line treatment of erectile dysfunction consists of a trial of PDE5 inhibitor drugs. What causes a disease with a symptom of [Erectile dysfunction]? original question: what Constitutional Convention Delegate has Quotations [For if Men are to be precluded from offering their Sentiments on a matter, which may involve the most serious and alarming consequences, that can invite the consideration of Mankind, reason is of no use to us; the freedom of Speech may be taken away, and, dumb and silent we may be led, like sheep, to the Slaughter.]? answer: george washington answer type: Constitutional Convention Delegate.	Who was the Constitutional Convention Delegate who used the Quotations [For if Men are to be precluded from offering their Sentiments on a matter, which may involve the most serious and alarming consequences, that can invite the consideration of Mankind, reason is of no use to us; the freedom of Speech may be taken away, and, dumb and silent we may be led, like sheep, to the Slaughter.]?	task402_grailqa_paraphrase_generation
Teacher: Compose a new way to ask the same question. The new question must be asking the exact same thing as the original question does. Without any other information, you should be able to tell that the original question and the new question are the same. Preserve bracketed phrases in your new question. You can change the rest of the question provided the above requirements are satisfied. The new question must have a natural, fluent formulation, as if it were composed by a native English speaker. You will be given three pieces of information to help you create better questions. Those are: "Answer": the answer to the question, e.g., "Honolulu". "Answer Type": the type of the answer, e.g., "Location". "Auxiliary Information" is a detailed description of some concepts mentioned in the question, if any. Teacher: Now, understand the problem? If you are still confused, see the following example: original question: Who is the museum director of [Science Museum, London]? answer: Ian Blatchford answer type: Museum director. auxiliary information: The Science Museum is a major museum on Exhibition Road in South Kensington, London. It was founded in 1857 and today is one of the city's major tourist attractions, attracting 3.3 million visitors annually. Like other publicly funded national museums in the United Kingdom, the Science Museum does not charge visitors for admission. Temporary exhibitions, however, may incur an admission fee. It is part of the Science Museum Group, having merged with the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester in 2012. Solution: The museum director of the [Science Museum, London] is? Reason: The question is correctly paraphrased in this example. Now, solve this instance: original question: what medical trial has been tried for [Cerebrovascular disease]? answer: vitamin e and c to slow progression of common carotid artery plaque build-up answer type: Medical trial. auxiliary information: Cerebrovascular disease is a group of brain dysfunctions related to disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain. Hypertension is the most important cause; it damages the blood vessel lining, endothelium, exposing the underlying collagen where platelets aggregate to initiate a repairing process which is not always complete and perfect. Sustained hypertension permanently changes the architecture of the blood vessels making them narrow, stiff, deformed, uneven and more vulnerable to fluctuations in blood pressure. A fall in blood pressure during sleep can then lead to a marked reduction in blood flow in the narrowed blood vessels causing ischemic stroke in the morning. Conversely, a sudden rise in blood pressure due to excitation during the daytime can cause tearing of the blood vessels resulting in intracranial hemorrhage. Cerebrovascular disease primarily affects people who are elderly or have a history of diabetes, smoking, or ischemic heart disease. The results of cerebrovascular disease can include a stroke, or occasionally a hemorrhagic stroke. Ischemia or other blood vessel dysfunctions can affect the person during a cerebrovascular incident. Student:	Name the medical trial that has been tried for [Cerebrovascular disease].	task402_grailqa_paraphrase_generation
Compose a new way to ask the same question. The new question must be asking the exact same thing as the original question does. Without any other information, you should be able to tell that the original question and the new question are the same. Preserve bracketed phrases in your new question. You can change the rest of the question provided the above requirements are satisfied. The new question must have a natural, fluent formulation, as if it were composed by a native English speaker. You will be given three pieces of information to help you create better questions. Those are: "Answer": the answer to the question, e.g., "Honolulu". "Answer Type": the type of the answer, e.g., "Location". "Auxiliary Information" is a detailed description of some concepts mentioned in the question, if any. Input: Consider Input: original question: Which computer peripheral class has [The Spectrum Emulator]? answer: kempston joystick interface, magnetic tape data storage answer type: Computer Peripheral Class. auxiliary information: Spectrum emulator written in x86 assembler. Emulates a multiface one, kempston joystick and tape drive (via ROM traps) to save data as files in emulator directory. Emulates many, but not all undocumented Z80 instructions but is not cycle accurate as it was originally developed on an original IBM AT (6Mhz 286)! When originally released it managed to run close to full Spectrum speed on a 40MHz 386 and source code is now available on Google Code. Output: [The Spectrum Emulator] is part of which peripheral class? Input: Consider Input: original question: Which basketball player has position [Power forward]? answer: taylor griffin, boris diaw, dolph schayes... answer type: Basketball Player. auxiliary information: Power forward is a position in the sport of basketball. The position is referred to in playbook terms as the four position and is commonly abbreviated "PF". It has also been referred to as the "post" position. Power forwards play a role similar to that of center in what is called the "post" or "low blocks". They typically play offensively with their backs towards the basket and position themselves defensively under the basket in a zone defense or against the opposing power forward in man-to-man defense. The power forward position entails a variety of responsibilities, one of which is rebounding. Many power forwards are noted for their mid-range jump-shot, and several players have become very accurate from 12 to 18 feet. Earlier, these skills were more typically exhibited in the European style of play. Some power forwards, known as stretch fours, have since extended their shooting range to three-point field goals. In the NBA, power forwards usually range from 6 ft 5 in to 7 ft 0 in and 240 lb or more. Despite the averages, a variety of players fit "tweener" roles which finds them in the small forward and/or center position depending upon matchups and coaching decisions. Output: What is the name of a basketball player in the [Power forward] position? Input: Consider Input: original question: what medical trial has been tried for [Cerebrovascular disease]? answer: vitamin e and c to slow progression of common carotid artery plaque build-up answer type: Medical trial. auxiliary information: Cerebrovascular disease is a group of brain dysfunctions related to disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain. Hypertension is the most important cause; it damages the blood vessel lining, endothelium, exposing the underlying collagen where platelets aggregate to initiate a repairing process which is not always complete and perfect. Sustained hypertension permanently changes the architecture of the blood vessels making them narrow, stiff, deformed, uneven and more vulnerable to fluctuations in blood pressure. A fall in blood pressure during sleep can then lead to a marked reduction in blood flow in the narrowed blood vessels causing ischemic stroke in the morning. Conversely, a sudden rise in blood pressure due to excitation during the daytime can cause tearing of the blood vessels resulting in intracranial hemorrhage. Cerebrovascular disease primarily affects people who are elderly or have a history of diabetes, smoking, or ischemic heart disease. The results of cerebrovascular disease can include a stroke, or occasionally a hemorrhagic stroke. Ischemia or other blood vessel dysfunctions can affect the person during a cerebrovascular incident.	Output: Name the medical trial that has been tried for [Cerebrovascular disease].	task402_grailqa_paraphrase_generation
Compose a new way to ask the same question. The new question must be asking the exact same thing as the original question does. Without any other information, you should be able to tell that the original question and the new question are the same. Preserve bracketed phrases in your new question. You can change the rest of the question provided the above requirements are satisfied. The new question must have a natural, fluent formulation, as if it were composed by a native English speaker. You will be given three pieces of information to help you create better questions. Those are: "Answer": the answer to the question, e.g., "Honolulu". "Answer Type": the type of the answer, e.g., "Location". "Auxiliary Information" is a detailed description of some concepts mentioned in the question, if any. -------- Question: original question: What causes a disease with a symptom of [Erectile dysfunction]? answer: hypercholesterolemia, spinal tumor, autoimmunity... answer type: Disease cause. auxiliary information: Erectile dysfunction or impotence is sexual dysfunction characterized by the inability to develop or maintain an erection of the penis during sexual activity. A penile erection is the hydraulic effect of blood entering and being retained in sponge-like bodies within the penis. The process is most often initiated as a result of sexual arousal, when signals are transmitted from the brain to nerves in the penis. The most important organic causes are cardiovascular disease and diabetes, neurological problems, hormonal insufficiencies and drug side effects. Psychological impotence is where erection or penetration fails due to thoughts or feelings rather than physical impossibility; this is somewhat less frequent but can often be helped. Notably in psychological impotence, there is a strong response to placebo treatment. Erectile dysfunction can have severe psychological consequences as it can be tied to relationship difficulties and masculine self-image generally. Besides treating the underlying causes such as potassium deficiency or arsenic contamination of drinking water, the first line treatment of erectile dysfunction consists of a trial of PDE5 inhibitor drugs. Answer: What causes a disease with a symptom of [Erectile dysfunction]? Question: original question: Which automobile model year has a previous model year [2015 Chevy Spark]? answer: 2016 chevy spark answer type: Automobile Model Year. Answer: [2015 Chevy Spark] was made in what model years? Question: original question: Which fraternity/sorority type does [Lambda Tau Omega] belong to? answer: national multicultural greek council answer type: Fraternity/sorority type. auxiliary information: Lambda Tau Omega Sorority, Inc. is a multicultural sorority founded in 1988 at Montclair State College, now Montclair State University, in Montclair, New Jersey. The sorority was founded by sixteen women who felt the need for a multicultural sorority at Montclair State College. Dissatisfied with the options of Greek organizations available at their school, they created Lambda Tau Omega. Lambda Tau Omega is a founding member of the National Multicultural Greek Council. Answer:	What fraternity/sorority does [Lambda Tau Omega] belong to?	task402_grailqa_paraphrase_generation
Given the task definition and input, reply with output. Compose a new way to ask the same question. The new question must be asking the exact same thing as the original question does. Without any other information, you should be able to tell that the original question and the new question are the same. Preserve bracketed phrases in your new question. You can change the rest of the question provided the above requirements are satisfied. The new question must have a natural, fluent formulation, as if it were composed by a native English speaker. You will be given three pieces of information to help you create better questions. Those are: "Answer": the answer to the question, e.g., "Honolulu". "Answer Type": the type of the answer, e.g., "Location". "Auxiliary Information" is a detailed description of some concepts mentioned in the question, if any. original question: Who writes recipes for [Low-carbohydrate diet]? answer: mike shwe answer type: Recipe author. auxiliary information: Low-carbohydrate diets or low-carb diets are dietary programs that restrict carbohydrate consumption, often for the treatment of obesity or diabetes. Foods high in easily digestible carbohydrates are limited or replaced with foods containing a higher percentage of fats and moderate protein and other foods low in carbohydrates, although other vegetables and fruits are often allowed. The amount of carbohydrate allowed varies with different low-carbohydrate diets. Such diets are sometimes 'ketogenic'. The induction phase of the Atkins diet is ketogenic. The term "low-carbohydrate diet" is generally applied to diets that restrict carbohydrates to less than 20% of caloric intake, but can also refer to diets that simply restrict or limit carbohydrates to less than recommended proportions. Low-carbohydrate diets are used to treat or prevent some chronic diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, high blood pressure, and diabetes.	Which author has recipes for the [Low-carbohydrate diet]?	task402_grailqa_paraphrase_generation

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