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fishing, and snorkeling (Donahue et al. 2008). An
examination of potential tourism impacts to 19 of
Florida’s neighboring countries in the Caribbean (where
tourism contributes 14% to gross domestic product)
showed that 29–60% of coastal tourist resort destinations are likely to be partially or fully inundated with 1 m
of SLR, and losses greater than 50% in five of these
countries (Scott et al. 2012). In Florida, in one year alone,
state, local, and federal sources spent $105 million for 19
beach renourishment projects because of their importance to the tourism industry, a cost that is likely to grow
with SLR (Klein and Osleeb 2010).
Before 2012, many government agencies entrusted
with the protection of natural resources either were not
developing or not implementing climate adaptation
plans (Archie et al. 2012). Mozumder et al. (2011)
surveyed personnel from federal and state agencies,
nongovernmental organizations, and other relevant
experts in the Florida Keys on climate change and its
impacts and found that respondents felt they were
making decisions without formal adaptation plans, with
a lack of information, and without appropriate institutional frameworks in place to address increasing
environmental damage from climate change. Since then,
Florida has been proactive about climate adaptation
planning, particularly with respect to coastal flooding
and SLR. Florida has created ‘‘adaptation action areas’’
[Community Planning Act, Florida Statues Section
163.3164(1)] in cities and counties throughout the state
that are threatened by high water events and are
hydrologically connected to coastal waters with the goal
of prioritizing funding for infrastructure and adaptation
planning for coastal flooding. The Florida Fish and
Wildlife Conservation Commission (2016) also released
a guide for the conservation and management of
Florida’s species, habitats, and ecosystems given predicted impacts from climate change. Depending on how
Florida moves forward with implementation of these
adaptation strategies that include protecting natural
habitats in its coastal regions, planned actions could
have major implications not only for natural resources
conservation but also for storm surge and flood
protection into the future (Geselbracht et al. 2015;
Romanach et al. 2018). Although Florida may be farther ˜
along than most, a study of adaptation plans from other
developed countries highlights shortcomings with preparedness for climate change and minimal plans to
implement management actions to reduce vulnerability
and suggests integrating adaptation planning as an
integral part of urban planning (Preston et al. 2011).
Understanding the future effects of urbanization and
SLR on conservation targets is important to aid in
conservation planning. Not only are urbanization and
SLR affecting land use and conservation planning
globally, they are also expected to increase in the future
(Nicholls and Cazenave 2010; Wang et al. 2012).
Information on the potential extent of future urbanization and SLR can benefit decision makers to help them
effectively manage species and habitats of conservation
concern.
Supplemental Material
Please note: The Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management
is not responsible for the content or functionality of any
supplemental material. Queries should be directed to the
corresponding author for the article.
Reference S1. Donahue S, Acosta A, Akins L, Ault J,
Bohnsack J, Boyer J, Callahan M, Causey B, Cox C,
Delaney J, Delgado G, Edwards K, Garrett G, Keller B,
Kellison GT, Leeworthy VR, MacLaughlin L, McClenachan
L, Miller MW, Miller SL, Ritchie K, Rohmann S, Santavy D,
Pattengill-Semmens C, Sniffen B, Werndli S, Williams DE.
2008. The state of coral reef ecosystems of the Florida
Keys. Pages 161–415 in Waddell JE, Clarke AM, editors.
The state of coral reef ecosystems of the United States
and Pacific Freely Associated States: 2008. NOAA
Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 73, NOAA/NCCOS
Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment’s Biogeography Team, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Found at DOI: https://doi.org/10.3996/092019-JFWM076.S1 (3.89 MB PDF); also available at https://pdfs.
semanticscholar.org/839b/04d38c556f159392ba59eeb91
ffdeea31c9b.pdf.
Archived Material
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archived material. Queries should be directed to the
corresponding author for the article.
To cite this archived material, please cite both the
journal article (formatting found in the Abstract section of
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archived material.
Data A1. Spatial data layer of the High Pine and Scrub
Priority Resource from the Peninsular Florida Landscape
Conservation Cooperative, clipped to areas of Priority 1
and 2 from the Critical Land and Waters Identification
Project 4.0 Aggregated Priorities model.
Impacts of Urbanization and Sea Level Rise S.S. Romanach et al. ˜
Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management | www.fwspubs.org June 2020 | Volume 11 | Issue 1 | 181
Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/jfwm/article-pdf/11/1/174/3103287/i1944-687x-11-1-174.pdf by guest on 29 February 2024
Archived by Peninsular Florida Landscape Conservation Cooperative: https://flcpa.databasin.org/datasets/
cf49e64adaad4ccb946c040e0547bfc6
Data A2. Spatial data layer of the Coastal Uplands
Priority Resource for the Peninsular Florida Landscape
Conservation Cooperative, clipped to areas of Priority 1
and 2 from the Critical Land and Waters Identification
Project 4.0 Aggregated Priorities model.
Archived by Peninsular Florida Landscape Conservation Cooperative: https://flcpa.databasin.org/datasets/
fcd700e01ea2404ca75ed75dae940188