patrickbdevaney/mia9 · Datasets at Hugging Face

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23. Santos R, Lirman D, Pittman S. Long-term spatial dynamics in vegetated seascapes: fragmentation
and habitat loss in a human-impacted subtropical lagoon. Marine Ecology. 2014, 1–9.
24. Kendrick GA. Duarte CM, Marba N. Clonality in seagrass, emergent properties and seagrass landscapes. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2005; 290:291–296.
25. Duarte CM, Fourqurean JW, Krause-Jensen D, Olesen B. Dynamics of seagrass stability and change.
In: Larkum AWD, Orth RJ, Duarte CM editors. Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and Conservation.
Springer, Netherlands, 2007, pp. 271–294.
26. Liao J, Li Z, Hiebeler DE, El-Bana M, Deckmyn G, Nijs I. Modeling plant population size and extinction
thresholds from habitat loss and habitat fragmentation: effects of neighboring competition and dispersal
strategy. Ecological Modelling. 2013; 268:9–17.
27. Cuff W, Hardman J. A Development of the Leslie Matrix Formulation for Restructuring and Extending
and Ecosystem Model: The Infestation of Stored Wheat by Sitophilus oryzae. Ecological Modelling.
1980; 9:281–305.
28. Hughes T. Population Dynamics based on Individual Size Rather than Age: A General Model with a
Reef Coral Example. The American Naturalist. 1984; 123:778–795.
29. Hughes T, Tanner J. Recruitment failure, life histories, and long-term decline of Caribbean Corals. Ecology. 2000; 81:2250–2263.
30. Stubben C, Milligan B. Estimating and Analyzing Demographic Models Using the popbio Package in R.
Journal of Statistical Software. 2007; 22:1–23.
31. Erftemeijer P, Herman P. Seasonal changes in environmental variables, biomass, production and nutrient contents in two contrasting tropical intertidal seagrass bed in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Oecologia.
1994; 99:45–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00317082 PMID: 28313947
32. Lirman D, Cropper WP Jr. The influence of salinity on seagrass growth, survivorship, and distribution
within Biscayne Bay, Florid: field, experimental, and modeling studies. Estuaries. 2003; 26:131–141.
33. Wang J, Luo J, Ault J. Flows, salinity, and some implications for larval transport in south Biscayne Bay,
Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science. 2003; 72:695–723.
34. Gretch A, Hanert E, McKenzie L, Rasheed M, Thomas C, Tol S, et al. (Predicting the cumulative effect
of multiple disturbances on seagrass connectivity. Global Change Biology. 2018; 24:3093–3104.
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14127 PMID: 29543366
35. Sklar F, McVoy C, VanZee R, Gawlik D, Tarboton K. The Everglades, Florida Bay and Coral Reefs of
the Florida Keys: An Ecosystem Sourcebook. The effects of altered hydrology on the ecology of the
Everglades. 2002; pp. 39–82.
36. Fahrig L. Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecological Systems. 2003;
34:487–515.
37. Montefalcone M, Parravicini V, Vacchi M, Albertelli G, Ferrari M, Morri C, et al. Human influence on seagrass habitat fragmentation in NW Mediterranean Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2010;
86:292–298.
38. Livernois M, Grabowski J, Poray A, Gouhier T, Hughes R, O’Brien K, et al. Effects of habitat fragmentation on Zostera marina seed distribution. Aquatic Botany. 2017; 142:1–9.
39. Cropper WP Jr, Lirman D, Tosini SC, DiResta D, Luo J, Wang J. Population dynamics of a commercial
sponge in Biscayne Bay, Florida, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2001; 53: 13–23.
40. Jankowska E, Michel L, Lepoing G, Wlodarska-Kowalczuk M. Stabilizing effects of seagrass meadows
on coastal water benthic food webs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 201;
510:54–63.
Resilience of seagrass communities exposed to pulsed freshwater discharges
PLOS ONE \| https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229147 February 21, 2020 15 / 15

FNAI Global Rank: G1
FNAI State Rank: S1
Federally Listed Species in S. FL: 10
State Listed Species in S. FL: 103
Pine rocklands are unique to southern Florida and the
Bahamas. In Florida they are found on limestone
substrates on the Miami Rock Ridge, in the Florida
Keys, and in the Big Cypress Swamp. Pine rocklands are
dominated by a single canopy tree, South Florida slash pine
(Pinus elliottii var. densa), a diverse hardwood and palm
subcanopy, and a very rich herbaceous layer. The flora of pine
rocklands is composed of a diverse assemblage of tropical
and temperate taxa. Many endemic plant taxa are also found
in this community. It is a fire maintained community,
requiring periodic fires to eliminate invading hardwoods,
assist in nutrient cycling, and to reduce duff layers. Pine
rocklands also provide critical foraging and nesting habitat
for a diverse array of wildlife, including five federally listed
animal species. While significant areas of pine rocklands are
now protected within preserves such as Everglades NP, Big
Cypress National Preserve, and the National Key Deer
Refuge, pine rockland fragments are still threatened on the
Miami Rock Ridge and in the Florida Keys. Pine rocklands
have been heavily impacted by outright destruction,
conversion to agriculture, fire suppression, exotic plant and
animal invasions, collecting pressure on plants and animals,
and alterations to hydrology. Significant work has now been
initiated to control exotic plant taxa in pine rocklands,
although much research needs to be conducted on restoring
heavily degraded sites.
Synonymy
The following terms have been applied in whole or in part to
plant communities of South Florida which are included in this
account of pine rockland: 414-other coniferous forest
(Florida Department of Administration 1976); South Florida
flatwoods (Soil and Water Conservation Service 1989); pine
forest (Duever et al. 1979); southern slash pine forest (Ward
1979); rockland pine forest (Davis 1943); pineland (Correll
and Correll 1982). The FLUCCS code for the pine rocklands
community includes: 411 (pine flatwoods), and 434
(hardwood/conifer mixed) (during regeneration).
Page 3-161
Pine Rocklands
Pine rocklands. Original photograph courtesy of U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service.
Distribution
Pine rocklands are found in southern Florida, the Bahamas, and Cuba. In Florida,
they were historically found on limestone substrates in Miami-Dade County
along the Miami Rock Ridge from approximately North Miami Beach south and
west to Long Pine Key in what is now Everglades NP. Pine rocklands in the
Florida Keys are now restricted to the Lower Keys. Significant tracts of pine
rocklands occur on Big Pine Key, No Name Key, Little Pine Key, Cudjoe Key,
and Upper Sugarloaf Key in Monroe County. They also occcur in the Big
Cypress National Preserve in Collier County. Alexander (1953) has shown that a
small area of pine rockland once existed in the Upper Keys on Key Largo, but
has since undergone succession to rockland hammock. Some pinelands in areas
of limestone outcropping in Broward County may also be referable to this
community. The largest remaining contiguous areas of pine rockland are found

23. Santos R, Lirman D, Pittman S. Long-term spatial dynamics in vegetated seascapes: fragmentation

and habitat loss in a human-impacted subtropical lagoon. Marine Ecology. 2014, 1–9.

24. Kendrick GA. Duarte CM, Marba N. Clonality in seagrass, emergent properties and seagrass landscapes. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2005; 290:291–296.

25. Duarte CM, Fourqurean JW, Krause-Jensen D, Olesen B. Dynamics of seagrass stability and change.

In: Larkum AWD, Orth RJ, Duarte CM editors. Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology and Conservation.

Springer, Netherlands, 2007, pp. 271–294.

26. Liao J, Li Z, Hiebeler DE, El-Bana M, Deckmyn G, Nijs I. Modeling plant population size and extinction

thresholds from habitat loss and habitat fragmentation: effects of neighboring competition and dispersal

strategy. Ecological Modelling. 2013; 268:9–17.

27. Cuff W, Hardman J. A Development of the Leslie Matrix Formulation for Restructuring and Extending

and Ecosystem Model: The Infestation of Stored Wheat by Sitophilus oryzae. Ecological Modelling.

1980; 9:281–305.

28. Hughes T. Population Dynamics based on Individual Size Rather than Age: A General Model with a

Reef Coral Example. The American Naturalist. 1984; 123:778–795.

29. Hughes T, Tanner J. Recruitment failure, life histories, and long-term decline of Caribbean Corals. Ecology. 2000; 81:2250–2263.

30. Stubben C, Milligan B. Estimating and Analyzing Demographic Models Using the popbio Package in R.

Journal of Statistical Software. 2007; 22:1–23.

31. Erftemeijer P, Herman P. Seasonal changes in environmental variables, biomass, production and nutrient contents in two contrasting tropical intertidal seagrass bed in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Oecologia.

1994; 99:45–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00317082 PMID: 28313947

32. Lirman D, Cropper WP Jr. The influence of salinity on seagrass growth, survivorship, and distribution

within Biscayne Bay, Florid: field, experimental, and modeling studies. Estuaries. 2003; 26:131–141.

33. Wang J, Luo J, Ault J. Flows, salinity, and some implications for larval transport in south Biscayne Bay,

Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science. 2003; 72:695–723.

34. Gretch A, Hanert E, McKenzie L, Rasheed M, Thomas C, Tol S, et al. (Predicting the cumulative effect

of multiple disturbances on seagrass connectivity. Global Change Biology. 2018; 24:3093–3104.

https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14127 PMID: 29543366

35. Sklar F, McVoy C, VanZee R, Gawlik D, Tarboton K. The Everglades, Florida Bay and Coral Reefs of

the Florida Keys: An Ecosystem Sourcebook. The effects of altered hydrology on the ecology of the

Everglades. 2002; pp. 39–82.

36. Fahrig L. Effects of Habitat Fragmentation on Biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecological Systems. 2003;

34:487–515.

37. Montefalcone M, Parravicini V, Vacchi M, Albertelli G, Ferrari M, Morri C, et al. Human influence on seagrass habitat fragmentation in NW Mediterranean Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2010;

86:292–298.

38. Livernois M, Grabowski J, Poray A, Gouhier T, Hughes R, O’Brien K, et al. Effects of habitat fragmentation on Zostera marina seed distribution. Aquatic Botany. 2017; 142:1–9.

39. Cropper WP Jr, Lirman D, Tosini SC, DiResta D, Luo J, Wang J. Population dynamics of a commercial

sponge in Biscayne Bay, Florida, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2001; 53: 13–23.

40. Jankowska E, Michel L, Lepoing G, Wlodarska-Kowalczuk M. Stabilizing effects of seagrass meadows

on coastal water benthic food webs. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 201;

510:54–63.

Resilience of seagrass communities exposed to pulsed freshwater discharges

PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229147 February 21, 2020 15 / 15

FNAI Global Rank: G1

FNAI State Rank: S1

Federally Listed Species in S. FL: 10

State Listed Species in S. FL: 103

Pine rocklands are unique to southern Florida and the

Bahamas. In Florida they are found on limestone

substrates on the Miami Rock Ridge, in the Florida

Keys, and in the Big Cypress Swamp. Pine rocklands are

dominated by a single canopy tree, South Florida slash pine

(Pinus elliottii var. densa), a diverse hardwood and palm

subcanopy, and a very rich herbaceous layer. The flora of pine

rocklands is composed of a diverse assemblage of tropical

and temperate taxa. Many endemic plant taxa are also found

in this community. It is a fire maintained community,

requiring periodic fires to eliminate invading hardwoods,

assist in nutrient cycling, and to reduce duff layers. Pine

rocklands also provide critical foraging and nesting habitat

for a diverse array of wildlife, including five federally listed

animal species. While significant areas of pine rocklands are

now protected within preserves such as Everglades NP, Big

Cypress National Preserve, and the National Key Deer

Refuge, pine rockland fragments are still threatened on the

Miami Rock Ridge and in the Florida Keys. Pine rocklands

have been heavily impacted by outright destruction,

conversion to agriculture, fire suppression, exotic plant and

animal invasions, collecting pressure on plants and animals,

and alterations to hydrology. Significant work has now been

initiated to control exotic plant taxa in pine rocklands,

although much research needs to be conducted on restoring

heavily degraded sites.

Synonymy

The following terms have been applied in whole or in part to

plant communities of South Florida which are included in this

account of pine rockland: 414-other coniferous forest

(Florida Department of Administration 1976); South Florida

flatwoods (Soil and Water Conservation Service 1989); pine

forest (Duever et al. 1979); southern slash pine forest (Ward

1979); rockland pine forest (Davis 1943); pineland (Correll

and Correll 1982). The FLUCCS code for the pine rocklands

community includes: 411 (pine flatwoods), and 434

(hardwood/conifer mixed) (during regeneration).

Page 3-161

Pine Rocklands

Pine rocklands. Original photograph courtesy of U.S.

Fish and Wildlife Service.

Distribution

Pine rocklands are found in southern Florida, the Bahamas, and Cuba. In Florida,

they were historically found on limestone substrates in Miami-Dade County

along the Miami Rock Ridge from approximately North Miami Beach south and

west to Long Pine Key in what is now Everglades NP. Pine rocklands in the

Florida Keys are now restricted to the Lower Keys. Significant tracts of pine

rocklands occur on Big Pine Key, No Name Key, Little Pine Key, Cudjoe Key,

and Upper Sugarloaf Key in Monroe County. They also occcur in the Big

Cypress National Preserve in Collier County. Alexander (1953) has shown that a

small area of pine rockland once existed in the Upper Keys on Key Largo, but

has since undergone succession to rockland hammock. Some pinelands in areas

of limestone outcropping in Broward County may also be referable to this

community. The largest remaining contiguous areas of pine rockland are found