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CO2 is great at trapping heat. | [
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Even a rise from 0.03% to 0.04% in Earth's atmosphere is heating up our planet right now. | [
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Venus's atmosphere is 97% CO2. | [
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Also, Venus's atmosphere is 93 times denser than Earth's. | [
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Standing on Venus's surface would feel like taking a dive about 900 meters deep into the ocean. | [
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The pressure would kill you instantly. | [
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It's a truly horrible place, so why should we even bother? | [
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First and foremost, Venus is almost as big as Earth and has 90% of its surface gravity. | [
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Surface gravity is a big problem when colonizing the solar system because it's very likely that long stays in low-gravity places will have negative health effects. | [
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Venus's size means it could be the second largest habitat in the solar system, a new home for billions of humans and trillions of animals, | [
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A properly terraformed Venus may be the most pleasant place to live outside of Earth. | [
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While we can't exactly terraform Venus today, a slightly more ambitious future version of us could take this project on. | [
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It will take a few generations to complete and be a huge challenge, like building the Great Pyramids was for our ancestors. | [
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But then, it's not like humans have never started projects that took more than a lifetime to complete. | [
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Okay, let's do it. | [
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Before anything else, we need to cool Venus down and remove the gas that makes up the extremely heavy atmosphere. | [
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As mentioned, there's a lot of it, around 465 million billion tons. | [
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How do we do that? | [
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There are a few options. | [
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We could create giant solar collectors, powering a huge array of laser beams that heat up the atmosphere so much that it's blasted into space. | [
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Another way is to sequester the atmosphere, binding the CO2 in different compounds through chemical reactions. | [
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We could mine elements like calcium or magnesium on Mercury and shoot them at Venus via mass driver systems. | [
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We would need several hundred billion tons of material to sequester the CO2 this way. | [
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An equally ridiculous idea that could actually work is to put Venus in the shade. | [
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Mirrors would be angled, reflecting light from one to another until the light is redirected to the back, balancing the force on the front and holding them in position. | [
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For the first few decades, the atmosphere slowly cools down but stays dense and deadly. | [
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Until, after some 60 years, it reaches the critical temperature of 31 degrees Celsius. | [
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Suddenly, the great flood begins on Venus as CO2 turns to liquid at this pressure and begins to rain down. | [
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This leaves us with a frozen Venus covered in oceans as hard as rock and gigantic CO2 glaciers. | [
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If you don't mind freezing and suffocating, you can now take a stroll over Venus' surface. | [
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One is to simply cover it all with cheap plastic insulation and cover it up with ground-up Venus rock or water oceans. | [
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Although some planetary scientists will be very stressed out about us building a new planet containing a potential time bomb like that. | [
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A few unfortunately timed volcanoes could melt a lot of CO2 at once and ruin everything. | [
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Another obvious solution is to shoot it all out into space and collect it into a small moon for storage and future use. | [
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We can make this more efficient by using mass drivers instead of rockets, but moving all that mass will still be a pretty intense challenge that will take some time to solve. | [
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Europa, a moon of Jupiter, has twice as much water as Earth's oceans. | [
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Now, catching a moon and transporting it through the solar system is not exactly easy. | [
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So instead, it might be easier to cut chunks of ice off Europa with an army of construction drones and shoot them at Venus using more of those mass drivers. | [
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Space tethers could save us a lot of effort and energy here. | [
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Now the last and most magnificent phase of terraforming begins, making the atmosphere breathable and adding life. | [
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So, if we just remove our giant mirror, we would grill half of our planet. | [
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they were probably responsible for turning the toxic atmosphere of our young Earth into an atmosphere with enough oxygen for more complex animal life. | [
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