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This even got NASA interested, which is looking for a way to minimize the DNA damage astronauts would be exposed to from cosmic radiation on Mars missions.
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There are human trials being planned right now, but it's too soon to say if this will boost our healthspan or even lifespan.
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But NAD++ is a serious candidate, and could become the first human anti-aging pill.
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Stem cells are like cell blueprints that sit at various places in the body and copy themselves to produce a steady flow of fresh young cells.
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But they decline as we age, and so we decline too.
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Without new parts, human bodies break.
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In mice, scientists observed that as the stem cells in their brains disappeared, they started to develop diseases.
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So they took stem cells from baby mice brains and injected them directly into the brains of middle-aged mice.
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The fresh stem cells reinvigorated older brain cells by secreting microRNAs that regulated their metabolism.
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After four months, brain and muscles worked better than those of untreated mice, and on average, they lived 10% longer.
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Another study took stem cells from mice embryos and injected them directly into the hearts of older mice.
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As a consequence, they had improved heart function, could exercise 20% longer, and weirdly enough, their hair regrew faster.
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What all of this tells us is that there is not a single magic bullet with which to cure aging.
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It requires a complex array of different therapies.
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We can kill off senescent cells to clear away the junk, give ourselves fresh new stem cells to fill the gap,
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This video comes with a big caveat.
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After all, these studies have been carried out on mice.
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There's no guarantee the same therapies would work in us to the same extent, but they are proof of concepts.
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To learn more about how we can modify our own health span, we need human trials.
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We've only covered a tiny part of the research that's being done right now and only scratched the surface of these ideas.
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The field of HealthSpan Extension needs more attention and funding.
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If it gets it, all of us might enjoy growing old without pain.
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If you now want to support the research on aging directly, you can do so at Lifespan.io, a community of people actively supporting the scientists working to cure aging.
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Check them out to learn about the latest advances and visit their blog or group on Facebook.
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The Lifespan team also kindly supported the creation of this video with a donation and their expertise.
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If you want to help us make more of our videos, you can do so on patreon.com.
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For years, people have asked how we make our videos.
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So, let's finally talk about it.
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First things first, we need a topic.
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Our potential topic list is already endless, and every time we research something, it grows longer.
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So, we just work on whatever we find exciting at the time.
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This could be something serious, fascinating, personal, or just really stupid.
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The variety is half the fun.
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We want to explain complicated things in an easily graspable way and make sciencey topics fascinating and beautiful.
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But we also want to tell stories and express how we feel about the universe from time to time.
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Our research begins by reading books or scientific papers and by talking to different experts who point us in the right direction.
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We want to have a fact-based worldview, and our videos are trying to reflect that.
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So, we often have to change our view on an issue while working on it.
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Usually, after a few weeks of researching, we start writing.
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A script begins with a rough first draft that's then rewritten and edited over and over again.
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To make sure we don't misrepresent something, we ask experts to fact-check and correct us.
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Writing is the bottleneck for our videos and very hard to speed up.
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Usually, finishing a script takes between a few weeks and literally years to complete.
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Let's visualize.
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When the script is ready, we begin sketching out the video.
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We try to think of visual metaphors, transitions between ideas, and decide which scenes need the most attention.
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On average, 200 panels need to be illustrated in Adobe Illustrator.
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Although we have built up an illustration library, we still do most illustrations from scratch to give our videos a more unique look.
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The general idea is to find the right images to the words in the script to explain as clearly as possible while also having interesting things to look at.
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Also, here we include all the visual Easter eggs.
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In total, 2-3 illustrators spend 8-12 weeks illustrating the video.
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Now it's my turn.
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When the whole video is illustrated, the narration is recorded in a small recording studio on a Neumann TLM 103 microphone and Pro Tools.
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It's important to keep the flow, so I try to get one version done and then go back through, retaking paragraphs and sentences until they feel right and a full version is ready.
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It's alive.
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Now the scenes and audio need to be animated.
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We make things move in Adobe After Effects, and recently we've begun experimenting with Cinema 4D.
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The first thing to do is take the illustrated scenes apart and organize them.
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The hundreds or thousands of parts are then imported into After Effects.
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Each character is rigged so we can move them more naturally.
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Aside from a few plugins that help us save time, every single thing that's moving on screen has been moved manually.
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So 2-3 animators animate scene after scene for about 8-10 weeks in total.
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The final step is the music.
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Every song is original music composed to the finished video to create a unique atmosphere and to highlight the important parts.
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You can listen to all of the songs on Soundcloud and Spotify.
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The icing on the cake are the sound effects.
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Many of you might not even really notice them, which is a shame because they really add an additional layer.
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So try watching a video with headphones if you want to get the full depth of it.
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All of these steps happen in parallel since we usually work on 2-4 videos at the same time in various stages.
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What we haven't mentioned are the countless revisions and edits.
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Every few days we sit together and review our work and tweak it until it feels just right.
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And that's it.
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As you can imagine, making videos for thousands of hours as a big team and then putting them on the internet for free is a weird business model.
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Over the years we've relied on a number of different things to stay afloat.
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We struck a deal with Funk from German public broadcasting to revive the German channel and with Wix to start a Spanish channel.
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But the reality is we can only do what we do because of you.
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Our two most important sources of income by far come from your direct support.
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you can directly support Kurzgesagt by getting something beautiful from our store or by becoming a Patreon and joining the bird army.
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Don't feel obligated though.
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Watching, engaging or sharing our videos is already helping us a lot.
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But if you want to support us directly, thank you so much.
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You're making our videos free for everyone.
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You are enabling us to practice and improve, to stay independent and to work on ambitious projects that would be too scary or too big otherwise.
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Kurzgesagt did not start with an end goal in mind.
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It began as a personal project because it felt good to make something with time and love.
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And this is still true today.
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Making these videos is our goal.
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Thank you so much for sticking with us for seven years and from our first subscriber to the ten millionth.
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This journey has been so wild and so much fun.
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And we can't wait to share the stuff we're working on right now with you.
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We want to make meta videos like this from time to time now.
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If you want to ask us questions that you want us to answer, you can do so on Reddit.
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Let's shrink an elephant to the size of a mouse, and enlarge a mouse and make it the size of an elephant, because this is our video and we want to see what happens.
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First, our now tiny elephant stumbles around and then drops dead.
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Tiny elephant buddy is very cold, frozen to death in minutes.
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Our giant mouse looks very uncomfortable for a moment, and then it explodes, leaving hot mouse insides everywhere.
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We are optimized to function precisely to the size we are, and would die horribly in any other environment.
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Why does our mouse explode, and can we do this to our elephant too if we try hard?
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Life on this planet is based on cells.
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Cells do vary in size, but they're pretty similar in their dimensions across all species.
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