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If each satellite is a square kilometre, we'd need around 30 quadrillion to surround the sun. | [
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Even if they're built as lightly as possible, we need about 100 quintillion tonnes of material. | [
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And then we need the energy to actually put the parts together and deliver them to their positions around the sun. | [
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On top of all that, we need to have a permanent infrastructure set up in space to start building. | [
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Let's assume for the purposes of this video that our descendants will take care of that and want to create the megastructure. | [
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We can sort the challenges into three main categories. | [
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To get the vast amounts of raw materials required for our Dyson Swarm, we'll have to largely disassemble a whole planet. | [
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Of the planets available, Mercury is the best candidate. | [
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It's the closest to the sun and very metal-rich. | [
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Our satellites need to operate without repairs or intervention for astronomically long times, and they need to be cheap to produce. | [
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They're most likely going to be enormous mirrors, which refocus sunlight to central collecting stations like in concentrated solar power on Earth. | [
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Taking apart a planet and launching things into space requires an enormous amount of energy. | [
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we could only launch as much mass as Mount Everest into space. | [
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They'll provide the energy to run our miners, which strip mine the surface of the planet, | [
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Our swarm satellites will be packed tight for launch, unfurling like an enormous origami once in orbit. | [
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We love Dyson spheres so much that we've also made a poster about them. | [
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It will look pretty on your wall, but also has some information about the concept of a Dyson sphere. | [
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Health is the most valuable thing we have in life, but we tend to forget that until we lose it. | [
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We're living longer than ever before, which is great, but an unforeseen consequence of this is that we also spend a larger and larger portion of our lives being sick. | [
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To do this, we need to attack the root cause of almost all bodily defects, aging itself. | [
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Unbeknownst to most people, the science of aging has made enormous progress in the last few years, with human trials about to begin in the near future. | [
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Your cells have an expiration date. | [
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Each time one of your cells divides, it copies its chromosomes. | [
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Because of the way this works, they lose a tiny bit of DNA at the ends. | [
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This could be catastrophic, so to protect themselves, we have long segments of DNA called telomeres that sort of act like the stiff bits at the end of shoelaces. | [
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In some cells, after a number of divisions, the telomeres are gone and the cell becomes a zombie, a senescent cell. | [
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Senescent cells stay around and don't die. | [
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The older you get, the more of them there are inside you. | [
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They harm tissue around them and are linked to many diseases that accompany old age, like diabetes and kidney failure. | [
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Scientists genetically engineered mice so that they could destroy their senescent cells as they pleased. | [
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Older mice without senescent cells were more active, their hearts and kidneys worked better, and they were less prone to cancer. | [
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Low amounts of it are linked to a whole bunch of diseases, from skin cancer to Alzheimer's, cardiovascular disease, and multiple sclerosis. | [
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