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Some people survive the Black Death, are more resistant to HIV or coronavirus, or even resistant against Ebola.
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Others are killed easily by the flu or are highly vulnerable to certain bacterial infections.
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Where you are on this spectrum is impossible to predict, and you also respond differently to every possible infection.
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This is why seemingly very healthy young people died from COVID, while for some elderly people it was more like a mild flu.
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The idea that you can weather all sorts of diseases if you never get a cold is wrong.
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You never know what your immune system is good at until it's tested.
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Getting sick is a gamble in life's casino with your health on the line.
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But there is something you can do, hacking one of the best features of your immune system.
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When you survive a disease, usually you have better defenses against it afterwards.
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You gain memory cells that are very good at killing the specific enemy you fought that day.
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So you either don't get the disease again, or the next infection is much milder.
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And you can use an incredible achievement of human ingenuity that taps into this mechanism to prevent damage from disease and train your immune system.
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Vaccines basically pretend to be a disease and train your defenses to be ready if it ever shows up for real.
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The goal is to create the same memory cells that you would get after surviving an infection.
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But if you can feel some side effects, why should you still do it?
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You have two options to train your immune system.
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In Vaccine Dojo you train with paper weapons and learn to defend yourself.
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Sure, you might get a black eye or a bruise.
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Sometimes after a vaccine you get sick for a few days, but that's generally it.
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We discussed vaccine side effects in detail in another video if you want to learn more.
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On the other hand, getting a disease to become immune means going to a Nature Dojo.
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In Nature Dojo you train with real weapons, sharp knives and swords.
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Things might still work out, but with way more cuts and wounds.
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But from time to time someone will die, be it a kid from measles or an adult from influenza.
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Nature Dojo is just way more risky.
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On top of that, the immunity you get from a vaccine is often better than the natural resistance
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because they're engineered to engage your immune system in a more productive way.
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Of course, vaccines are not magic and sometimes they don't protect us as well as we'd like them to.
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Still, being vaccinated is one of the best tools to train your natural defenses.
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In the end, if we look at the stunning progress humanity has made in the last century, eventually we may overcome disease for good.
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But until then we can do our best to take care of ourselves and others.
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Your body and your older self will be grateful to you.
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Diseases are not the only problem humanity can address if we work together.
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We believe the same is true for climate change, one of the main challenges of our generation.
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We're very passionate about this topic and we've covered it extensively in previous videos.
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Humanity needs to tackle this problem on different levels of society, from governments and economies down to the individual.
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And there's one way you can take action now, by working with our friends from WREN, who help you offset your carbon emissions.
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By visiting wren.co and answering a few questions, you can find out what your personal carbon footprint is.
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Your first step should be reducing your footprint, but there are limits to that.
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WREN lets you offset the rest of your carbon footprint with a monthly subscription that supports projects that plant trees,
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We think it's one of many puzzle pieces that can make a real difference in the climate crisis.
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Once you sign up to make a monthly contribution, you'll get pictures and updates from the projects you support,
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so you can directly see the impact you're making.
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We appreciate WREN's focus on transparency and impact, so you can always retrace how your money is spent.
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One project we find especially interesting is refrigerant destruction.
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Old refrigerators use harmful gases as a coolant.
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These gases, once released into the atmosphere, cause global warming thousands of times faster than CO2.
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WREN's project permanently destroys containers filled with these gases, proving with high certainty that they'll never leak and contribute to global warming.
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Sign up through wren.co/kurzgesagt to start helping the planet.
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As climate change is close to our hearts, we will personally pay for the first month of subscription for the first 200 people to sign up.
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Continue your kurzgesagt journey into the fascinating world of the immune system and check out these products in our shop.
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Learn more about immune cells and marvel at battles that are fought in your body every day.
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All of our products are designed with love and produced with care by us here at kurzgesagt.
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Are you your body?
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But is there a line where this stops being true?
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How much of yourself can you remove before you stop being you?
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And does the question even make sense?
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Your physical existence is cells.
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A cell is a living being.
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It has no consciousness, no will, no purpose.
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But it is still an individual.
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Together, your cells form huge structures for jobs like preparing food, gathering resources, transporting stuff around, scanning the environment, and so on.
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If you extract cells from your body and put them in the right environment, they will continue to stay alive for a while.
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So, your cells can exist without you.
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But you can't exist without them.
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If we take all the cells away, there is no you anymore.
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Is there a line where a pile of your cells stops being you?
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For example, if you donate an organ, billions of your cells will continue to live on inside someone else.
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Does this mean that a part of you became a part of another person?
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Or is this other body keeping a part of you alive?
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Or let us imagine an experiment.
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You and a random person from the street exchange cells.
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One at a time, your body gets one of their cells, their body gets one of your cells.
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At which point would they become you?
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Or is this just a very slow and gross way to teleport you?
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Let's make this more complicated.
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The image of ourselves as a static thing is untenable.
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Almost all of your cells have to die during your lifetime.
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250 million have died since the beginning of this video alone.
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In a 7-year period, most of your cells are replaced at least once.
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Every time your cell setup changes, you are slightly different than before.
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So a part of you is dying constantly.
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If you are lucky enough to become old, you would have cycled through roughly a million billion cells.
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So what you consider yourself is really just a snapshot.
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But sometimes, cells are broken and don't want to die, questioning the very nature of the unity of our bodies.
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We call them cancer.
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They cancel the biological social contract and become basically immortal.
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Cancer is not an outside invader, it's a part of you that puts its own survival over yours.
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But you could also argue that a cancer cell becomes another entity inside us, another being that just wants to thrive and survive.
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Can we blame it for that?
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A chilling cell story is that of Henrietta Lacks, a young cancer patient who died in 1951.
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Usually, cells only survived for a few days in the lab, making research very hard.
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Henrietta's cancer cells were immortal.
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Over the decades, they were multiplied over and over again and used for countless research projects, saving countless lives.
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Henrietta's cells are still alive and overall have been grown to at least 20 tons of biomass.
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So there are living parts around the world from someone who has been considered dead for decades.
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How much of Henrietta is in these cells?
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What makes one of your cells you anyway?
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Until recently, it was believed that all the cells in your body had basically the same genetic code.
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But it turns out this is wrong.
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