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Phase two was climate change is real, but not caused by humans.
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Phase three was climate change may be caused by humans, but it's not that bad.
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Phase four is climate change is no longer avoidable.
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We are doomed and it doesn't matter what we do.
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If we want the world to change, we first need to believe that change is possible.
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And we have an abundance of evidence that it is.
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Changes to our industrial system are gaining momentum.
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Technology gets better and cheaper.
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Climate change has become a key issue in most free elections.
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As more and more younger people move into influential positions, they prioritize climate change and work on new solutions.
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In 2022, most governments not only acknowledge it, but set their own net zero goals in democratic and autocratic countries.
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The results of years of fighting a steep uphill battle are now clearly visible.
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The pressure needs to keep increasing to make sure that the promises made today are actually kept.
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Climate doomerism is the equivalent of giving up, even though you can still prevent not just the worst case,
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That is why hopelessness and apathy are so dangerous.
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If the last in many ways wasted decade has shown anything, then it's the progress is being made and the dire scenarios are just predictions, not our sealed fate.
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As of 2022, based on current global policies, we will end up in a three degrees world.
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Now it's our job to yet again prove the predictions wrong,
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For that, we need hope.
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And we hope we gave you that today, at least a little.
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If you need a more concrete roadmap of what you can do personally, we're working on a follow-up video to talk about that in greater detail.
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Doomerism, inactivity and weaponized hopelessness are the only trump cards left for the powers that don't want change.
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Don't let them win.
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We're still excited about the future and we think one of the best things you can do to keep your optimism and curiosity up is to learn new things.
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If you don't know where to start, our friends from brilliant.org have got you covered.
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Brilliant makes maths and science accessible and fun with a hands-on approach.
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More than 60 interactive courses like the joy of problem solving or scientific thinking give you the tools to crack problems in maths,
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Lessons will surprise you with storytelling, code writing tasks and interactive challenges, basically using whatever keeps you interested and entertained.
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All the content is interactive, instead of just reading and listening to explanations, you drag and drop, manipulate shapes and diagrams, make selections and answer questions.
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This way you learn something almost without you noticing it.
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And tiny step by step, you'll build up your long-term understanding of science and get closer to your STEM goals.
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To start looking at the world of science from a different perspective, go to brilliant.org slash nutshell and sign up for free.
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And there's an extra perk for Kurzgesagt viewers.
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The first 200 people to use the link get 20% off their annual membership, which unlocks all of Brilliant's courses in maths, science and computer science.
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At Kurzgesagt, we love to create things that seem impossible at first.
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Brilliant can help you acquire the skills to do that.
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There's this idea floating around that what doesn't kill you makes you stronger, that surviving a disease leaves you better off.
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And it seems to make sense because we've all experienced this.
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When you go through hardship, often you come out more resilient, more ready to face a difficult situation in the future.
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But it turns out that sometimes what doesn't kill you makes you weaker.
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So, what happens when you get sick?
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Think of yourself as a large country with a sizable army to defend it.
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You're surrounded by enemies that want to take your land, your energy, your resources.
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This is a matter of life and death, so your body evolved to be sensitive to damage and to the presence of enemies.
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Because this means that an invasion might happen at any moment and that it has to act fast.
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Let's start an invasion and see what happens.
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The moment your cells notice that something is off, they release an onslaught of signal proteins called cytokines.
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They're like air raid sirens that activate all sorts of immune cells that then themselves release many more cytokines, amplifying the alarm.
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Soon, you're flooded with signals that trigger precautions and countermeasures.
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Mobilization is underway.
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Your brain activates sickness behavior and reorganizes your body's priorities to defense.
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The first thing you notice is that your energy level drops and you get sleepy.
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You feel apathetic, often anxious or down, and you lose your appetite.
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Your sensitivity to pain is heightened and you seek out rest.
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All of this serves to save your energy and reroute it into your immune response.
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You become a country under attack, switching into a war economy.
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Because properly activating your immune system is intensely disruptive and draining.
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Just like war is expensive for a country as industry switches to building tanks,
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your immune system demands huge amounts of energy, amino acids and microelements to build its weapons.
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Take fever.
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It speeds up your metabolism and makes your cells work harder and faster while creating heat that's pretty stressful for many invaders.
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But it uses up a lot of calories to maintain.
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Then your immune system begins to clone millions of specialized immune cells to respond specifically to the enemy infecting you.
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B cells produce millions of antibodies every second, each requiring hundreds of amino acids to construct.
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Billions or even trillions of proteins need to be made to refresh the complement system, a minefield inside your blood.
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Cytokines, the mobilization and information signals, also need constant refreshing.
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Usually, you acquire your resources by eating.
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But when you're sick, your body slows down your digestion because it needs a lot of energy you can't spare.
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So it reaches for the easiest source of amino acids and starts breaking down your muscles.
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All that muscle that you work so hard for is sacrificed to keep you alive.
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If you're young and healthy and fit, you'll make up for that quickly once you're better.
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But if you're old or very young, weak or suffer from chronic illness, this may be way too draining.
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Your body is literally consuming itself to keep the defense going.
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If your whole system is already strained, when you get sick, just keeping your immune responses going can overwhelm your capacities.
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Your immune system is a jerk.
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Your immune system is as dangerous to you as it is to enemies.
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There's a very fragile balance between the damage caused by an infection and the collateral damage caused by immune cells.
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One of your first responders are neutrophils.
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Imagine crazy aggressive chimps with machine guns.
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If a neutrophil encounters enemies, it showers them with chemicals that cut them open, but can also damage civilian cells,
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On top of that, the microorganisms that invade you often release chemicals and toxins that can cause significant damage and cell death.
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So a serious infection often causes many tiny wounds, literally holes in your organs.
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As you can imagine, it's not great to have holes and wounds in your organs and your body rushes to close them.
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Your neutrophils and macrophages help by releasing chemicals that signal the body to start repairs, and most of the damage is quickly filled up with regrowing cells.
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But others are filled with collagen, a sort of fixal organic cement that gives your gooey tissue structural integrity.
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You've seen the result on your skin as scars.
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A scar is different from the original tissue.
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It has no functioning cells in it.
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It's like a sloppily applied cement patch.
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It can't do what the original tissue was doing.
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A scar on your heart makes it beat a tiny bit weaker.
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A scar on the lungs no longer captures oxygen.
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A scar on your liver makes it a worse filter.
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And so as you go through life and survive serious disease after serious disease, the functionality of your organs may decrease.
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The damage is usually small enough not to affect your quality of life, but can be permanent.
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Okay, this sounds depressing, but there is actually something you can do to avoid a lot of this damage and train your immune system.
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Your immune system is unique.
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Everyone has a slightly different immune system that's stronger against some enemies and weaker against others,
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Collectively, the immune system of the human species is a spectrum.
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Most people respond well enough to an infection, a few are super responders, and a few don't respond well and die.
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