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So the hunters have to get a perfect grip on their victim on first strike, otherwise it will escape into the dark.
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Many deep sea predators have several sets of long and deadly teeth.
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We sink further, below the 3800 mark, as deep as the grave of the Titanic.
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We are now at abyssal depths.
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Here, life happens in slow motion.
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Preserving every last bit of energy is crucial for survival.
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Everything down here hovers motionless or swims in a slow, elegant fashion.
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The only time the animals living in this zone move fast is when they have to escape danger.
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At 4000 meters, we finally reach ground again.
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It's covered in grey mud and rocks, dusted with the remains of marine snow, which is consumed by animals like sea cucumbers, shrimp, sea urchins and sea worms.
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In some regions of the seafloor, small, dark mineral deposits can be seen.
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These are manganese nodules.
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Deep sea corals and sponges use them to anchor themselves on the bottom of the sea.
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Though life is sparse on the deep seafloor, even down here there are oases.
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magma heats up seawater and creates dark jets of water and minerals as hot as 400 degrees Celsius that form elaborate chimneys and towers.
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Extremophile bacteria use the minerals to create organic substances that are the basis for unique ecosystems.
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As we descend further, we reach the deepest point of the abyssal plain at 6000 meters.
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For most of the seafloor, this is as deep as it gets.
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But if we want to get to the deepest point of the oceans, we're actually only halfway there.
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Let's enter the Hadal Zone, the underworld of the sea.
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It consists of long, narrow trenches that only make up around 0.25% of the oceans and are among the most extreme environments on Earth.
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Only extremophiles exist down here, like the ethereal snailfish that holds the record for the deepest living fish ever seen at around 8000 meters.
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We see spiky and sharp black rocks rush by as we sink down to more than 10,000.
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Until we reach the final slope, a trench inside the larger Mariana Trench with gently sloping sides that enframe a valley about 1.6 kilometers wide.
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This is it, the deepest point, the Challenger Deep, 11,000 meters below the surface.
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The water pressure here is 1,086 bar.
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Taking a swim here is like having to balance 1,800 elephants on top of you.
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But even here, life has found a way to thrive.
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Next to sea cucumbers, white and light pink amphipods wiggle their way through the water.
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Their size is astounding.
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While their shallow water cousins are merely a few centimeters long, the deep-sea version can reach up to 30 centimeters.
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And there are other things floating elegantly through the water.
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Even the remotest place on Earth is not safe from human influence.
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There's nothing left to do now and our oxygen is running out, so we begin our ascent.
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After hours of traveling through dark nothingness, we finally see a glimpse of light.
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We arrive back at a calm surface.
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The oceans are so deep.
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There is so much of them.
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We owe it to ourselves and to our descendants to preserve them as well as we can.
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There are still so many wondrous things left to be discovered.
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So, you're all tingly now and want to go exploring.
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You can use our friends from Brilliant as your springboard for a knowledge deep dive.
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Brilliant is a website that helps you approach science in a practical way, through interactive courses and daily problems in maths, science and computer science.
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Instead of simply flooding you with information, you get the tools you need to untangle complex topics by yourself.
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It's hands-on learning instead of chalk and talk.
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Plunge in and get to the bottom of courses about things like geometry, waves and light, gravitational physics and many more.
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Click the link in the description or visit brilliant.org/nutshell to sign up for free and learn more things than there are fish in the sea.
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And there's an extra perk for Kurzgesagt viewers.
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The first 688 people to use the link get 20% off their annual membership, which lets you view all the daily problems in the archives and unlock every course.
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Brilliant helps you end your day a little smarter.
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Go ahead and take the plunge.
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Do you need more vitamin C?
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We've also made an epic poster featuring some of the most fascinating creatures we encountered on our dive.
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It's much less work than an aquarium, but just as soothing and pretty.
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Imagine someone coming into your kitchen and taking a few tools, a pan and your garbage.
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Then they bury everything in the woods.
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12,000 years later, an archaeologist is trying to figure out who you were,
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Because you happened to live during a remarkable time in human history.
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In that time, our numbers would explode by orders of magnitude.
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Our technology and standard of living would improve to levels previously thought impossible and our self-conception would change forever.
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And all the future archaeologist has to learn about is your junk in the woods.
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While we can only hope that this will be someone's problem in 12,000 years, we have the same problem today.
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We're trying to reconstruct a revolution that took place 12,000 years ago.
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Today, only shadows remain of the people who experienced our distant past as their present.
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What remains from our past?
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We can look at our present in crispy 4K, in color and sound.
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Three generations ago, the world was just black and white.
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Further back, paintings and texts become our main way of experiencing the past.
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A mere 20 generations before us today, every written word had to be copied by hand and reports became more scarce and less reliable.
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The first historian lived a mere 100 generations ago.
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Before him, there are only epics and legends and dead kings bragging on pieces of stone.
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250 generations ago, there are only fragments left in the ground and images stripped of their original meaning.
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Eventually, humanity becomes basically invisible.
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Still, we do know some things about our ancestors.
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Let's try to tell their story and what it means for us today.
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For some 2 million years or roughly 80,000 generations, the life of our ancestors was basically the same.
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It was around 20,000 years or 800 generations ago that the behaviorally modern humans began a process that would change our lifestyle forever.
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Back then, there were about 1 million modern humans on Earth.
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Most other human species had died out, probably with a little help from us.
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Our ancestors' biology had given them the necessary tools.
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These were people just like you.
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They suffered and experienced joy, were bored, cried, and laughed.
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They lived in communities of a few dozen people.
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They controlled fire and had tools made from wood, stone, and bone, told stories, mourned their dead, and created art.
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They traded with other tribes, from obsidian to shellfish.
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Some hunted big game and were very mobile, others relied more on plants they collected, and others mostly stayed in one area with an abundance of seafood.
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This was the common state of humanity for most of our history, until a slow transition, step by step, turned into a revolution.
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The first solid evidence for this stems from the Jordan Valley, where our ancestors collected wild wheat more than 20,000 years ago.
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They noticed that seeds in the ground made more plants the next year.
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If they put good ones in one place, the next year they had more of the good ones.
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This was a great supplement to hunting and gathering.
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You could prepare some crops, return next year, build a temporary settlement, and have a secure food supply.
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Our ancestors used these bonus crops to bake the first bread and brew the first beer.
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With every generation, they gathered deeper knowledge about the plants and animals around them, and how to manipulate them to their advantage.
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But there was a lot to learn.
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Very slowly, from generation to generation, pockets of knowledge expanded and were passed along to be expanded again.
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This early agriculture started to drastically reduce the space our ancestors needed to feed one individual, which made it possible to stay in one place longer.
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Around 12,000 years ago, these little pieces of progress had reached a critical mass.
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Most of the calories we consume today stem from about 15 different founder crops that humans began to domesticate in earnest in the next few thousand years.
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What we call the agricultural revolution was not a thing that began suddenly one day, it was a slow process driven by small groups over many generations.
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