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Eventually, gradual change gave rise to a new era. | [
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During the next few thousand years, progress would speed up and turn hunter-gatherers into farmers who lived in villages, towns, and then cities. | [
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When farmers moved into new areas, they replaced the nomadic tribes or turned them into farmers too. | [
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This was neither easy nor painless. | [
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In the early days, people had a diverse diet made up of up to 250 different plants and animals. | [
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For some of the groups transitioning to agriculture, the variation in their diets declined drastically, and some even seemed to have been undernourished. | [
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And living close together and with animals created a breeding ground for disease. | [
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Virtually every infectious disease caused by microorganisms that have adapted to humans arose in the last 10,000 years. | [
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Mortality, especially among children, rose drastically. | [
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Still, our numbers grew because living in the same place enabled women to bear far more children than before, and for a farmer, more kids mean more hands to work the fields. | [
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Even with more people dying younger, villages and towns grew. | [
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The number of humans on Earth exploded. | [
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About 100 generations after the beginning of the Human Era, there were already 4 million of us. | [
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This increased the need for food and forced people to come up with ever more efficient ways of producing calories, solidifying our new lifestyle. | [
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Going back to hunting and gathering would have just meant death by starvation for most. | [
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Climate change seems to have made the transition possible, | [
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and some scientists argue that it was caused by external factors like undernourishment or overpopulation, both highly contested. | [
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Today, the most widely accepted idea is that it was a deliberate choice, made by countless communities around the globe. | [
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It's not unlikely that these gatherings were the catalysts that spread the knowledge of agriculture through the many isolated groups of humanity. | [
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Maybe it's time to come together to share what we know and celebrate our existence once again, to begin another peaceful transition. | [
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So, hopefully, in another 12,000 years, our descendants will look back on us today with gratitude for the amazing world they are able to inhabit. | [
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we present you with the 5th Human Era Calendar for the year 12,021. | [
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This time, it's all about the journey of humanity. | [
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You can get the limited edition now until we sell out, and then, never again. | [
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As always, the calendar features 12 illustrated pages printed on high-quality paper in Europe and the US. | [
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And this year, the cover is especially shiny. | [
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it's also the best way to support Kurzgesagt. | [
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The calendar enables us to put in the time our videos need and release them for free for everyone. | [
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If you want, you can get the calendar with a hoodie or infographic posters or plushie. | [
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We've made a few deals for you. | [
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Thank you so much to the thousands of people who get the calendar every year and to the birbs who love what we try to do on this channel. | [
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We wish you a happy year 12,021, and let's all hope that it will be less exciting than 12,020. | [
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So, have you ever wondered who actually invented the Internet? | [
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There's the Internet, a whole bunch of computer networks connected to each other, | [
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and then there's the World Wide Web, a way of making it easier to share information using all those interconnected computers. | [
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The Internet as we know it today was at least 40 years in the making. | [
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One popular but wrong story is that the Internet was developed by the USA so they had a communication network that would survive a nuclear war. | [
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They did come up with the idea of packet switching, a way of avoiding congestion in busy networks by cutting up data at one end and putting it back together at the other. | [
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Now as an aside here, this admittedly isn't very scientific, but according to one theory, a spin-off of their research was the word Antar-chnet. | [
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There's quite a lot of computer infrastructure, but communication is awkward and patchy because different networks can't talk to each other. | [
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The TCP-IP protocols form the basic communication language of the internet, | [
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they all arrive at their destination and can be reassembled. | [
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It was developed for ARPANET in 1972. | [
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In the 1980s, a Brit called Timothy Berners-Lee spent time with CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, | [
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The first ever website which he created was at CERN in France in August 1991. | [
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Hold on, didn't US Vice President Al Gore invent the internet? | [
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It wasn't invented by anyone in particular, but when the building blocks were put together by all those cool scientists from all over the place, | [
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the internet became a communication tool, a retail tool, a research tool, a propaganda tool, a spying tool, a shopping tool, a dating tool, an entertainment tool, | [
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