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See you over there! | [
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Microbes are everywhere. | [
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Microbes are omnipresent at any moment and there is nothing we can do about it. | [
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So millions of years ago, we made a pact. | [
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We give them shelter and food, and in turn, they work for us. | [
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But the more we learn about this partnership, the more it looks like a cold war. | [
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Inside our mother's womb, humans start out sterile. | [
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When we are born and travelling through the birth canal, billions of our mother's bacteria cover every single part of our bodies. | [
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This is an essential part of human health. | [
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Children born via C-section have a higher rate of asthma, immune diseases and even leukemia. | [
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Over millions of years, we co-evolved to make the best of our relationship. | [
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Mother's milk, for example, contains special sugars that are meant to feed and support certain groups of microbes, work as a decoy for others and help to modulate the immune system. | [
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It takes up to two years until a healthy microbe community has formed. | [
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We have three categories of guests on and in our bodies. | [
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By being there, they take up space and keep more aggressive intruders in check. | [
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They want to take up as much space as they can and we don't want them to. | [
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Most of them are a community of 380,000 billion bacteria from up to 5,000 different species that live in our gut. | [
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Unfortunately, our gut is also the perfect point of attack for intruders, so it's guarded by an aggressive army, our immune system. | [
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We've observed a few curious things. | [
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90% of our body's serotonin, an important messenger substance for nerve cells, is produced in the gut. | [
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A new field of science is opening up here, and we're just on the verge of understanding how these complex systems inside our bodies interact. | [
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This kind of self-reinforcing cycle could play a huge role in obesity. | [
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Beyond weight gain, our microbiome has also been linked to other serious diseases like autism, schizophrenia, and cancer. | [
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One of the earliest symptoms of Parkinson's is actually gut problems. | [
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You just transplant some healthy poop. | [
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This method is already used to cure diarrhea that's caused when C. difficile bacteria take over a gut microbiome. | [
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For example, a transplant from an overweight donor cured a woman's diarrhea, but contributed to her obesity down the line. | [
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This caused some waves, and another study tried to reverse the effect. | [
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Poop transplants from slim people to obese ones gave them a more diverse microbiome and made them less sensitive to insulin. | [
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We need to do a lot more science to really understand how our microbes make us healthy or sick. | [
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But whether we like it or not, we need our microbiome, and it needs us. | [
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We'll never have our bodies to ourselves, but we have gained a powerful ally. | [
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How big is the Moon? | [
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In the night sky, the Moon seems rather small. | [
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Central Europe would easily fit under it. | [
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The surface area of the Moon is huge. | [
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To give you some perspective, it's as big as the whole European continent, China, the USA, Brazil, and South Africa together. | [
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Weight-wise, the Moon is only about 1 81th of the mass of Earth. | [
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But how big is it in relation to Earth? | [
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Our Moon is the biggest in the Solar System in relation to its planet. | [
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And it's the fifth largest Moon in the Solar System. | [
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Now, if the Moon is really that huge, how far away is it from us to seem this small in the night sky? | [
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No, at that distance, gravitational forces would rip the Moon apart. | [
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At 36,000 kilometers, it would be as far away as our most distant satellite. | [
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Let's adjust the distance to reality. | [
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A 747 would need 28 straight days to fly to the Moon, and even with our current technology, we'd need two full days. | [
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Hey, YouTube, we'll try something new this month. | [
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So, see you next week. | [
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Let's reveal the 12,024 Human Era Calendar with a big bang! | [
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The Kurzgesagt calendar is special because we're adding 10,000 years to include all of humanity no matter their culture or origin. | [
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12,000 years ago humans first started working together on a larger scale, laying the foundation for civilization and the future of us all. | [
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This year we're looking at the cosmos and all the possible life that could be thriving on myriads of worlds, hosting radically different animals and beings from the ones on Earth. | [
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Join us in 12,024 and find out! | [
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Explore strange cosmic habitats and extraterrestrial life forms on 12 awe-inspiring pages. | [
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Add some serious space magnificence to your home, but be careful, the extremely radiant cover may blind you. | [
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