polygraf-ai/ACL-abstracts · Datasets at Hugging Face

inproceedings

felt-etal-2014-momresp

{M}omresp: A {B}ayesian Model for Multi-Annotator Document Labeling

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1107/

Felt, Paul and Haertel, Robbie and Ringger, Eric and Seppi, Kevin

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3704--3711

Data annotation in modern practice often involves multiple, imperfect human annotators. Multiple annotations can be used to infer estimates of the ground-truth labels and to estimate individual annotator error characteristics (or reliability). We introduce MomResp, a model that incorporates information from both natural data clusters as well as annotations from multiple annotators to infer ground-truth labels and annotator reliability for the document classification task. We implement this model and show dramatic improvements over majority vote in situations where both annotations are scarce and annotation quality is low as well as in situations where annotators disagree consistently. Because MomResp predictions are subject to label switching, we introduce a solution that finds nearly optimal predicted class reassignments in a variety of settings using only information available to the model at inference time. Although MomResp does not perform well in annotation-rich situations, we show evidence suggesting how this shortcoming may be overcome in future work.

null

67,143

inproceedings

ouyang-mckeown-2014-towards

Towards Automatic Detection of Narrative Structure

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1108/

Ouyang, Jessica and McKeown, Kathy

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4624--4631

We present novel computational experiments using William Labov`s theory of narrative analysis. We describe his six elements of narrative structure and construct a new corpus based on his most recent work on narrative. Using this corpus, we explore the correspondence between Labovs elements of narrative structure and the implicit discourse relations of the Penn Discourse Treebank, and we construct a mapping between the elements of narrative structure and the discourse relation classes of the PDTB. We present first experiments on detecting Complicating Actions, the most common of the elements of narrative structure, achieving an f-score of 71.55. We compare the contributions of features derived from narrative analysis, such as the length of clauses and the tenses of main verbs, with those of features drawn from work on detecting implicit discourse relations. Finally, we suggest directions for future research on narrative structure, such as applications in assessing text quality and in narrative generation.

null

67,144

inproceedings

barreiro-etal-2014-openlogos

{O}pen{L}ogos Semantico-Syntactic Knowledge-Rich Bilingual Dictionaries

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1109/

Barreiro, Anabela and Batista, Fernando and Ribeiro, Ricardo and Moniz, Helena and Trancoso, Isabel

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3774--3781

This paper presents 3 sets of OpenLogos resources, namely the English-German, the English-French, and the English-Italian bilingual dictionaries. In addition to the usual information on part-of-speech, gender, and number for nouns, offered by most dictionaries currently available, OpenLogos bilingual dictionaries have some distinctive features that make them unique: they contain cross-language morphological information (inflectional and derivational), semantico-syntactic knowledge, indication of the head word in multiword units, information about whether a source word corresponds to an homograph, information about verb auxiliaries, alternate words (i.e., predicate or process nouns), causatives, reflexivity, verb aspect, among others. The focal point of the paper will be the semantico-syntactic knowledge that is important for disambiguation and translation precision. The resources are publicly available at the METANET platform for free use by the research community.

null

67,145

inproceedings

ellendorff-etal-2014-using

Using Large Biomedical Databases as Gold Annotations for Automatic Relation Extraction

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1110/

Ellendorff, Tilia and Rinaldi, Fabio and Clematide, Simon

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3736--3741

We show how to use large biomedical databases in order to obtain a gold standard for training a machine learning system over a corpus of biomedical text. As an example we use the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) and describe by means of a short case study how the obtained data can be applied. We explain how we exploit the structure of the database for compiling training material and a testset. Using a Naive Bayes document classification approach based on words, stem bigrams and MeSH descriptors we achieve a macro-average F-score of 61{\%} on a subset of 8 action terms. This outperforms a baseline system based on a lookup of stemmed keywords by more than 20{\%}. Furthermore, we present directions of future work, taking the described system as a vantage point. Future work will be aiming towards a weakly supervised system capable of discovering complete biomedical interactions and events.

null

67,146

inproceedings

sprugnoli-lenci-2014-crowdsourcing

Crowdsourcing for the identification of event nominals: an experiment

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1111/

Sprugnoli, Rachele and Lenci, Alessandro

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1949--1955

This paper presents the design and results of a crowdsourcing experiment on the recognition of Italian event nominals. The aim of the experiment was to assess the feasibility of crowdsourcing methods for a complex semantic task such as distinguishing the eventive interpretation of polysemous nominals taking into consideration various types of syntagmatic cues. Details on the theoretical background and on the experiment set up are provided together with the final results in terms of accuracy and inter-annotator agreement. These results are compared with the ones obtained by expert annotators on the same task. The low values in accuracy and Fleiss kappa of the crowdsourcing experiment demonstrate that crowdsourcing is not always optimal for complex linguistic tasks. On the other hand, the use of non-expert contributors allows to understand what are the most ambiguous patterns of polysemy and the most useful syntagmatic cues to be used to identify the eventive reading of nominals.

null

67,147

inproceedings

ma-2014-automatic

Automatic Refinement of Syntactic Categories in {C}hinese Word Structures

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1112/

Ma, Jianqiang

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4087--4092

Annotated word structures are useful for various Chinese NLP tasks, such as word segmentation, POS tagging and syntactic parsing. Chinese word structures are often represented by binary trees, the nodes of which are labeled with syntactic categories, due to the syntactic nature of Chinese word formation. It is desirable to refine the annotation by labeling nodes of word structure trees with more proper syntactic categories so that the combinatorial properties in the word formation process are better captured. This can lead to improved performances on the tasks that exploit word structure annotations. We propose syntactically inspired algorithms to automatically induce syntactic categories of word structure trees using POS tagged corpus and branching in existing Chinese word structure trees. We evaluate the quality of our annotation by comparing the performances of models based on our annotation and another publicly available annotation, respectively. The results on two variations of Chinese word segmentation task show that using our annotation can lead to significant performance improvements.

null

67,148

inproceedings

bies-etal-2014-incorporating

Incorporating Alternate Translations into {E}nglish Translation Treebank

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1113/

Bies, Ann and Mott, Justin and Kulick, Seth and Garland, Jennifer and Warner, Colin

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1863--1868

New annotation guidelines and new processing methods were developed to accommodate English treebank annotation of a parallel English/Chinese corpus of web data that includes alternate English translations (one fluent, one literal) of expressions that are idiomatic in the Chinese source. In previous machine translation programs, alternate translations of idiomatic expressions had been present in untreebanked data only, but due to the high frequency of such expressions in informal genres such as discussion forums, machine translation system developers requested that alternatives be added to the treebanked data as well. In consultation with machine translation researchers, we chose a pragmatic approach of syntactically annotating only the fluent translation, while retaining the alternate literal translation as a segregated node in the tree. Since the literal translation alternates are often incompatible with English syntax, this approach allows us to create fluent trees without losing information. This resource is expected to support machine translation efforts, and the flexibility provided by the alternate translations is an enhancement to the treebank for this purpose.

null

67,149

inproceedings

sennrich-kunz-2014-zmorge

{Z}morge: A {G}erman Morphological Lexicon Extracted from {W}iktionary

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1114/

Sennrich, Rico and Kunz, Beat

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1063--1067

We describe a method to automatically extract a German lexicon from Wiktionary that is compatible with the finite-state morphological grammar SMOR. The main advantage of the resulting lexicon over existing lexica for SMOR is that it is open and permissively licensed. A recall-oriented evaluation shows that a morphological analyser built with our lexicon has comparable coverage compared to existing lexica, and continues to improve as Wiktionary grows. We also describe modifications to the SMOR grammar that result in a more conventional lemmatisation of words.

null

67,150

inproceedings

diab-etal-2014-tharwa

{T}harwa: A Large Scale Dialectal {A}rabic - {S}tandard {A}rabic - {E}nglish Lexicon

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1115/

Diab, Mona and Al-Badrashiny, Mohamed and Aminian, Maryam and Attia, Mohammed and Elfardy, Heba and Habash, Nizar and Hawwari, Abdelati and Salloum, Wael and Dasigi, Pradeep and Eskander, Ramy

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3782--3789

We introduce an electronic three-way lexicon, Tharwa, comprising Dialectal Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic and English correspondents. The paper focuses on Egyptian Arabic as the first pilot dialect for the resource, with plans to expand to other dialects of Arabic in later phases of the project. We describe Tharwas creation process and report on its current status. The lexical entries are augmented with various elements of linguistic information such as POS, gender, rationality, number, and root and pattern information. The lexicon is based on a compilation of information from both monolingual and bilingual existing resources such as paper dictionaries and electronic, corpus-based dictionaries. Multiple levels of quality checks are performed on the output of each step in the creation process. The importance of this lexicon lies in the fact that it is the first resource of its kind bridging multiple variants of Arabic with English. Furthermore, it is a wide coverage lexical resource containing over 73,000 Egyptian entries. Tharwa is publicly available. We believe it will have a significant impact on both Theoretical Linguistics as well as Computational Linguistics research.

null

67,151

inproceedings

declerck-etal-2014-skos

A {SKOS}-based Schema for {TEI} encoded Dictionaries at {ICLTT}

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1116/

Declerck, Thierry and M{\"orth, Karlheinz and Wandl-Vogt, Eveline

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

414--417

At our institutes we are working with quite some dictionaries and lexical resources in the field of less-resourced language data, like dialects and historical languages. We are aiming at publishing those lexical data in the Linked Open Data framework in order to link them with available data sets for highly-resourced languages and elevating them thus to the same digital dignity the mainstream languages have gained. In this paper we concentrate on two TEI encoded variants of the Arabic language and propose a mapping of this TEI encoded data onto SKOS, showing how the lexical entries of the two dialectal dictionaries can be linked to other language resources available in the Linked Open Data cloud.

null

67,152

inproceedings

kouylekov-oepen-2014-semantic

Semantic Technologies for Querying Linguistic Annotations: An Experiment Focusing on Graph-Structured Data

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1117/

Kouylekov, Milen and Oepen, Stephan

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4331--4336

With growing interest in the creation and search of linguistic annotations that form general graphs (in contrast to formally simpler, rooted trees), there also is an increased need for infrastructures that support the exploration of such representations, for example logical-form meaning representations or semantic dependency graphs. In this work, we heavily lean on semantic technologies and in particular the data model of the Resource Description Framework (RDF) to represent, store, and efficiently query very large collections of text annotated with graph-structured representations of sentence meaning.

null

67,153

inproceedings

pon-barry-etal-2014-eliciting

Eliciting and Annotating Uncertainty in Spoken Language

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1118/

Pon-Barry, Heather and Shieber, Stuart and Longenbaugh, Nicholas

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1978--1983

A major challenge in the field of automatic recognition of emotion and affect in speech is the subjective nature of affect labels. The most common approach to acquiring affect labels is to ask a panel of listeners to rate a corpus of spoken utterances along one or more dimensions of interest. For applications ranging from educational technology to voice search to dictation, a speaker`s level of certainty is a primary dimension of interest. In such applications, we would like to know the speaker`s actual level of certainty, but past research has only revealed listeners' perception of the speaker`s level of certainty. In this paper, we present a method for eliciting spoken utterances using stimuli that we design such that they have a quantitative, crowdsourced legibility score. While we cannot control a speaker`s actual internal level of certainty, the use of these stimuli provides a better estimate of internal certainty compared to existing speech corpora. The Harvard Uncertainty Speech Corpus, containing speech data, certainty annotations, and prosodic features, is made available to the research community.

null

67,154

inproceedings

gleize-grau-2014-hierarchical

A hierarchical taxonomy for classifying hardness of inference tasks

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1119/

Gleize, Martin and Grau, Brigitte

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3034--3040

Exhibiting inferential capabilities is one of the major goals of many modern Natural Language Processing systems. However, if attempts have been made to define what textual inferences are, few seek to classify inference phenomena by difficulty. In this paper we propose a hierarchical taxonomy for inferences, relatively to their hardness, and with corpus annotation and system design and evaluation in mind. Indeed, a fine-grained assessment of the difficulty of a task allows us to design more appropriate systems and to evaluate them only on what they are designed to handle. Each of seven classes is described and provided with examples from different tasks like question answering, textual entailment and coreference resolution. We then test the classes of our hierarchy on the specific task of question answering. Our annotation process of the testing data at the QA4MRE 2013 evaluation campaign reveals that it is possible to quantify the contrasts in types of difficulty on datasets of the same task.

null

67,155

inproceedings

rosner-sultana-2014-automatic

Automatic Methods for the Extension of a Bilingual Dictionary using Comparable Corpora

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1120/

Rosner, Michael and Sultana, Kurt

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3790--3797

Bilingual dictionaries define word equivalents from one language to another, thus acting as an important bridge between languages. No bilingual dictionary is complete since languages are in a constant state of change. Additionally, dictionaries are unlikely to achieve complete coverage of all language terms. This paper investigates methods for extending dictionaries using non-aligned corpora, by finding translations through context similarity. Most methods compute word contexts from general corpora. This can lead to errors due to data sparsity. We investigate the hypothesis that this problem can be addressed by carefully choosing smaller corpora in which domain-specific terms are more predominant. We also introduce the notion of efficiency which we consider as the effort required to obtain a set of dictionary entries from a given corpus

null

67,156

inproceedings

mitsuishi-etal-2014-method

A Method for Building Burst-Annotated Co-Occurrence Networks for Analysing Trends in Textual Data

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1121/

Mitsuishi, Yutaka and Nov{\'a}{\v{c}}ek, V{\'i}t and Vandenbussche, Pierre-Yves

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3742--3747

This paper presents a method for constructing a specific type of language resources that are conveniently applicable to analysis of trending topics in time-annotated textual data. More specifically, the method consists of building a co-occurrence network from the on-line content (such as New York Times articles) that conform to key words selected by users (e.g., {\textquoteleft}Arab Spring'). Within the network, burstiness of the particular nodes (key words) and edges (co-occurrence relations) is computed. A service deployed on the network then facilitates exploration of the underlying text in order to identify trending topics. Using the graph structure of the network, one can assess also a broader context of the trending events. To limit the information overload of users, we filter the edges and nodes displayed by their burstiness scores to show only the presumably more important ones. The paper gives details on the proposed method, including a step-by-step walk through with plenty of real data examples. We report on a specific application of our method to the topic of {\textquoteleft}Arab Spring' and make the language resource applied therein publicly available for experimentation. Last but not least, we outline a methodology of an ongoing evaluation of our method.

null

67,157

inproceedings

ferreira-etal-2014-casa

Casa de la Lh{\'e}ngua: a set of language resources and natural language processing tools for {M}irandese

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1122/

Ferreira, Jos{\'e} Pedro and Chesi, Cristiano and Baldewijns, Daan and Pinto, Fernando Miguel and Correia, Margarita and Braga, Daniela and Cho, Hyongsil and Ferreira, Amadeu and Dias, Miguel

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

536--540

This paper describes the efforts for the construction of Language Resources and NLP tools for Mirandese, a minority language spoken in North-eastern Portugal, now available on a community-led portal, Casa de la Lh{\'e}ngua. The resources were developed in the context of a collaborative citizenship project led by Microsoft, in the context of the creation of the first TTS system for Mirandese. Development efforts encompassed the compilation of a corpus with over 1M tokens, the construction of a GTP system, syllable-division, inflection and a Part-of-Speech (POS) tagger modules, leading to the creation of an inflected lexicon of about 200.000 entries with phonetic transcription, detailed POS tagging, syllable division, and stress mark-up. Alongside these tasks, which were made easier through the adaptation and reuse of existing tools for closely related languages, a casting for voice talents among the speaking community was conducted and the first speech database for speech synthesis was recorded for Mirandese. These resources were combined to fulfil the requirements of a well-tested statistical parameter synthesis model, leading to an intelligible voice font. These language resources are available freely at Casa de la Lh{\'e}ngua, aiming at promoting the development of real-life applications and fostering linguistic research on Mirandese.

null

67,158

inproceedings

strunk-etal-2014-untrained

Untrained Forced Alignment of Transcriptions and Audio for Language Documentation Corpora using {W}eb{MAUS}

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1123/

Strunk, Jan and Schiel, Florian and Seifart, Frank

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3940--3947

Language documentation projects supported by recent funding intiatives have created a large number of multimedia corpora of typologically diverse languages. Most of these corpora provide a manual alignment of transcription and audio data at the level of larger units, such as sentences or intonation units. Their usefulness both for corpus-linguistic and psycholinguistic research and for the development of tools and teaching materials could, however, be increased by achieving a more fine-grained alignment of transcription and audio at the word or even phoneme level. Since most language documentation corpora contain data on small languages, there usually do not exist any speech recognizers or acoustic models specifically trained on these languages. We therefore investigate the feasibility of untrained forced alignment for such corpora. We report on an evaluation of the tool (Web)MAUS (Kisler, 2012) on several language documentation corpora and discuss practical issues in the application of forced alignment. Our evaluation shows that (Web)MAUS with its existing acoustic models combined with simple grapheme-to-phoneme conversion can be successfully used for word-level forced alignment of a diverse set of languages without additional training, especially if a manual prealignment of larger annotation units is already avaible.

null

67,159

inproceedings

hellan-etal-2014-multival

{M}ulti{V}al - towards a multilingual valence lexicon

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1124/

Hellan, Lars and Beermann, Dorothee and Bruland, Tore and Dakubu, Mary Esther Kropp and Marimon, Montserrat

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2478--2485

MultiVal is a valence lexicon derived from lexicons of computational HPSG grammars for Norwegian, Spanish and Ga (ISO 639-3, gaa), with altogether about 22,000 verb entries and on average more than 200 valence types defined for each language. These lexical resources are mapped onto a common set of discriminants with a common array of values, and stored in a relational database linked to a web demo and a wiki presentation. Search discriminants are syntactic argument structure (SAS), functional specification, situation type and aspect, for any subset of languages, as well as the verb type systems of the grammars. Search results are lexical entries satisfying the discriminants entered, exposing the specifications from the respective provenance grammars. The Ga grammar lexicon has in turn been converted from a Ga Toolbox lexicon. Aside from the creation of such a multilingual valence resource through converging or converting existing resources, the paper also addresses a tool for the creation of such a resource as part of corpus annotation for less resourced languages.

null

67,160

inproceedings

vacher-etal-2014-sweet

The Sweet-Home speech and multimodal corpus for home automation interaction

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1125/

Vacher, Michel and Lecouteux, Benjamin and Chahuara, Pedro and Portet, Fran{\c{c}}ois and Meillon, Brigitte and Bonnefond, Nicolas

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4499--4506

Ambient Assisted Living aims at enhancing the quality of life of older and disabled people at home thanks to Smart Homes and Home Automation. However, many studies do not include tests in real settings, because data collection in this domain is very expensive and challenging and because of the few available data sets. The S WEET-H OME multimodal corpus is a dataset recorded in realistic conditions in D OMUS, a fully equipped Smart Home with microphones and home automation sensors, in which participants performed Activities of Daily living (ADL). This corpus is made of a multimodal subset, a French home automation speech subset recorded in Distant Speech conditions, and two interaction subsets, the first one being recorded by 16 persons without disabilities and the second one by 6 seniors and 5 visually impaired people. This corpus was used in studies related to ADL recognition, context aware interaction and distant speech recognition applied to home automation controled through voice.

null

67,161

inproceedings

lewis-etal-2014-global

Global Intelligent Content: Active Curation of Language Resources using Linked Data

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1126/

Lewis, David and Brennan, Rob and Finn, Leroy and Jones, Dominic and Meehan, Alan and O{'}Sullivan, Declan and Hellmann, Sebastian and Sasaki, Felix

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3546--3549

As language resources start to become available in linked data formats, it becomes relevant to consider how linked data interoperability can play a role in active language processing workflows as well as for more static language resource publishing. This paper proposes that linked data may have a valuable role to play in tracking the use and generation of language resources in such workflows in order to assess and improve the performance of the language technologies that use the resources, based on feedback from the human involvement typically required within such processes. We refer to this as Active Curation of the language resources, since it is performed systematically over language processing workflows to continuously improve the quality of the resource in specific applications, rather than via dedicated curation steps. We use modern localisation workflows, i.e. assisted by machine translation and text analytics services, to explain how linked data can support such active curation. By referencing how a suitable linked data vocabulary can be assembled by combining existing linked data vocabularies and meta-data from other multilingual content processing annotations and tool exchange standards we aim to demonstrate the relative ease with which active curation can be deployed more broadly.

null

67,162

inproceedings

dinu-ciobanu-2014-romance

On the {R}omance Languages Mutual Intelligibility

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1127/

Dinu, Liviu and Ciobanu, Alina Maria

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3313--3318

We propose a method for computing the similarity of natural languages and for clustering them based on their lexical similarity. Our study provides evidence to be used in the investigation of the written intelligibility, i.e., the ability of people writing in different languages to understand one another without prior knowledge of foreign languages. We account for etymons and cognates, we quantify lexical similarity and we extend our analysis from words to languages. Based on the introduced methodology, we compute a matrix of Romance languages intelligibility.

null

67,163

inproceedings

dinu-etal-2014-aggregation

Aggregation methods for efficient collocation detection

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1128/

Dinu, Anca and Dinu, Liviu and Sorodoc, Ionut

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4041--4045

In this article we propose a rank aggregation method for the task of collocations detection. It consists of applying some well-known methods (e.g. Dice method, chi-square test, z-test and likelihood ratio) and then aggregating the resulting collocations rankings by rank distance and Borda score. These two aggregation methods are especially well suited for the task, since the results of each individual method naturally forms a ranking of collocations. Combination methods are known to usually improve the results, and indeed, the proposed aggregation method performs better then each individual method taken in isolation.

null

67,164

inproceedings

dsouza-ng-2014-annotating

Annotating Inter-Sentence Temporal Relations in Clinical Notes

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1129/

D{'}Souza, Jennifer and Ng, Vincent

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2758--2765

Owing in part to the surge of interest in temporal relation extraction, a number of datasets manually annotated with temporal relations between event-event pairs and event-time pairs have been produced recently. However, it is not uncommon to find missing annotations in these manually annotated datasets. Many researchers attributed this problem to {\textquotedblleft}annotator fatigue{\textquotedblright}. While some of these missing relations can be recovered automatically, many of them cannot. Our goals in this paper are to (1) manually annotate certain types of missing links that cannot be automatically recovered in the i2b2 Clinical Temporal Relations Challenge Corpus, one of the recently released evaluation corpora for temporal relation extraction; and (2) empirically determine the usefulness of these additional annotations. We will make our annotations publicly available, in hopes of enabling a more accurate evaluation of temporal relation extraction systems.

null

67,165

inproceedings

borzovs-etal-2014-terminology

Terminology localization guidelines for the national scenario

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1130/

Borzovs, Juris and Ilzi{\c{n}}a, Ilze and Kei{\v{s}}a, Iveta and Pinnis, M{\={a}}rcis and Vasi{\c{l}}jevs, Andrejs

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4012--4017

This paper presents a set of principles and practical guidelines for terminology work in the national scenario to ensure a harmonized approach in term localization. These linguistic principles and guidelines are elaborated by the Terminology Commission in Latvia in the domain of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). We also present a novel approach in a corpus-based selection and an evaluation of the most frequently used terms. Analysis of the terms proves that, in general, in the normative terminology work in Latvia localized terms are coined according to these guidelines. We further evaluate how terms included in the database of official terminology are adopted in the general use such as newspaper articles, blogs, forums, websites etc. Our evaluation shows that in a non-normative context the official terminology faces a strong competition from other variations of localized terms. Conclusions and recommendations from lexical analysis of localized terms are provided. We hope that presented guidelines and approach in evaluation will be useful to terminology institutions, regulative authorities and researchers in different countries that are involved in the national terminology work.

null

67,166

inproceedings

brierley-etal-2014-tools

Tools for {A}rabic Natural Language Processing: a case study in qalqalah prosody

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1131/

Brierley, Claire and Sawalha, Majdi and Atwell, Eric

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

283--287

In this paper, we focus on the prosodic effect of qalqalah or {\textquotedblleft}vibration{\textquotedblright} applied to a subset of Arabic consonants under certain constraints during correct Qur`anic recitation or ta{\c{C}}{\textsection}w{\={i}}d, using our Boundary-Annotated Quran dataset of 77430 words (Brierley et al 2012; Sawalha et al 2014). These qalqalah events are rule-governed and are signified orthographically in the Arabic script. Hence they can be given abstract definition in the form of regular expressions and thus located and collected automatically. High frequency qalqalah content words are also found to be statistically significant discriminators or keywords when comparing Meccan and Medinan chapters in the Qur`an using a state-of-the-art Visual Analytics toolkit: Semantic Pathways. Thus we hypothesise that qalqalah prosody is one way of highlighting salient items in the text. Finally, we implement Arabic transcription technology (Brierley et al under review; Sawalha et al forthcoming) to create a qalqalah pronunciation guide where each word is transcribed phonetically in IPA and mapped to its chapter-verse ID. This is funded research under the EPSRC {\textquotedblleft}Working Together{\textquotedblright} theme.

null

67,167

inproceedings

mata-etal-2014-teenage

Teenage and adult speech in school context: building and processing a corpus of {E}uropean {P}ortuguese

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1132/

Mata, Ana Isabel and Moniz, Helena and Batista, Fernando and Hirschberg, Julia

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3914--3919

We present a corpus of European Portuguese spoken by teenagers and adults in school context, CPE-FACES, with an overview of the differential characteristics of high school oral presentations and the challenges this data poses to automatic speech processing. The CPE-FACES corpus has been created with two main goals: to provide a resource for the study of prosodic patterns in both spontaneous and prepared unscripted speech, and to capture inter-speaker and speaking style variations common at school, for research on oral presentations. Research on speaking styles is still largely based on adult speech. References to teenagers are sparse and cross-analyses of speech types comparing teenagers and adults are rare. We expect CPE-FACES, currently a unique resource in this domain, will contribute to filling this gap in European Portuguese. Focusing on disfluencies and phrase-final phonetic-phonological processes we show the impact of teenage speech on the automatic segmentation of oral presentations. Analyzing fluent final intonation contours in declarative utterances, we also show that communicative situation specificities, speaker status and cross-gender differences are key factors in speaking style variation at school.

null

67,168

inproceedings

bhatia-etal-2014-unified

A Unified Annotation Scheme for the Semantic/Pragmatic Components of Definiteness

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1133/

Bhatia, Archna and Simons, Mandy and Levin, Lori and Tsvetkov, Yulia and Dyer, Chris and Bender, Jordan

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

910--916

We present a definiteness annotation scheme that captures the semantic, pragmatic, and discourse information, which we call communicative functions, associated with linguistic descriptions such as {\textquotedblleft}a story about my speech{\textquotedblright}, {\textquotedblleft}the story{\textquotedblright}, {\textquotedblleft}every time I give it{\textquotedblright}, {\textquotedblleft}this slideshow{\textquotedblright}. A survey of the literature suggests that definiteness does not express a single communicative function but is a grammaticalization of many such functions, for example, identifiability, familiarity, uniqueness, specificity. Our annotation scheme unifies ideas from previous research on definiteness while attempting to remove redundancy and make it easily annotatable. This annotation scheme encodes the communicative functions of definiteness rather than the grammatical forms of definiteness. We assume that the communicative functions are largely maintained across languages while the grammaticalization of this information may vary. One of the final goals is to use our semantically annotated corpora to discover how definiteness is grammaticalized in different languages. We release our annotated corpora for English and Hindi, and sample annotations for Hebrew and Russian, together with an annotation manual.

null

67,169

inproceedings

regneri-etal-2014-aligning

Aligning Predicate-Argument Structures for Paraphrase Fragment Extraction

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1134/

Regneri, Michaela and Wang, Rui and Pinkal, Manfred

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4300--4307

Paraphrases and paraphrasing algorithms have been found of great importance in various natural language processing tasks. While most paraphrase extraction approaches extract equivalent sentences, sentences are an inconvenient unit for further processing, because they are too specific, and often not exact paraphrases. Paraphrase fragment extraction is a technique that post-processes sentential paraphrases and prunes them to more convenient phrase-level units. We present a new approach that uses semantic roles to extract paraphrase fragments from sentence pairs that share semantic content to varying degrees, including full paraphrases. In contrast to previous systems, the use of semantic parses allows for extracting paraphrases with high wording variance and different syntactic categories. The approach is tested on four different input corpora and compared to two previous systems for extracting paraphrase fragments. Our system finds three times as many good paraphrase fragments per sentence pair as the baselines, and at the same time outputs 30{\%} fewer unrelated fragment pairs.

null

67,170

inproceedings

antunes-mendes-2014-evaluation

An evaluation of the role of statistical measures and frequency for {MWE} identification

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1135/

Antunes, Sandra and Mendes, Am{\'a}lia

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4046--4051

We report on an experiment to evaluate the role of statistical association measures and frequency for the identification of MWE. We base our evaluation on a lexicon of 14.000 MWE comprising different types of word combinations: collocations, nominal compounds, light verbs + predicate, idioms, etc. These MWE were manually validated from a list of n-grams extracted from a 50 million word corpus of Portuguese (a subcorpus of the Reference Corpus of Contemporary Portuguese), using several criteria: syntactic fixedness, idiomaticity, frequency and Mutual Information measure, although no threshold was established, either in terms of group frequency or MI. We report on MWE that were selected on the basis of their syntactic and semantics properties while the MI or both the MI and the frequency show low values, which would constitute difficult cases to establish a cutting point. We analyze the MI values of the MWE selected in our gold dataset and, for some specific cases, compare these values with two other statistical measures.

null

67,171

inproceedings

lo-wu-2014-reliability

On the reliability and inter-annotator agreement of human semantic {MT} evaluation via {HMEANT}

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1136/

Lo, Chi-kiu and Wu, Dekai

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

602--607

We present analyses showing that HMEANT is a reliable, accurate and fine-grained semantic frame based human MT evaluation metric with high inter-annotator agreement (IAA) and correlation with human adequacy judgments, despite only requiring a minimal training of about 15 minutes for lay annotators. Previous work shows that the IAA on the semantic role labeling (SRL) subtask within HMEANT is over 70{\%}. In this paper we focus on (1) the IAA on the semantic role alignment task and (2) the overall IAA of HMEANT. Our results show that the IAA on the alignment task of HMEANT is over 90{\%} when humans align SRL output from the same SRL annotator, which shows that the instructions on the alignment task are sufficiently precise, although the overall IAA where humans align SRL output from different SRL annotators falls to only 61{\%} due to the pipeline effect on the disagreement in the two annotation task. We show that instead of manually aligning the semantic roles using an automatic algorithm not only helps maintaining the overall IAA of HMEANT at 70{\%}, but also provides a finer-grained assessment on the phrasal similarity of the semantic role fillers. This suggests that HMEANT equipped with automatic alignment is reliable and accurate for humans to evaluate MT adequacy while achieving higher correlation with human adequacy judgments than HTER.

null

67,172

inproceedings

zhang-etal-2014-dual

Dual Subtitles as Parallel Corpora

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1137/

Zhang, Shikun and Ling, Wang and Dyer, Chris

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1869--1874

In this paper, we leverage the existence of dual subtitles as a source of parallel data. Dual subtitles present viewers with two languages simultaneously, and are generally aligned in the segment level, which removes the need to automatically perform this alignment. This is desirable as extracted parallel data does not contain alignment errors present in previous work that aligns different subtitle files for the same movie. We present a simple heuristic to detect and extract dual subtitles and show that more than 20 million sentence pairs can be extracted for the Mandarin-English language pair. We also show that extracting data from this source can be a viable solution for improving Machine Translation systems in the domain of subtitles.

null

67,173

inproceedings

exner-nugues-2014-refractive

{REFRACTIVE}: An Open Source Tool to Extract Knowledge from Syntactic and Semantic Relations

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1138/

Exner, Peter and Nugues, Pierre

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2584--2589

The extraction of semantic propositions has proven instrumental in applications like IBM Watson and in Google`s knowledge graph . One of the core components of IBM Watson is the PRISMATIC knowledge base consisting of one billion propositions extracted from the English version of Wikipedia and the New York Times. However, extracting the propositions from the English version of Wikipedia is a time-consuming process. In practice, this task requires multiple machines and a computation distribution involving a good deal of system technicalities. In this paper, we describe Refractive, an open-source tool to extract propositions from a parsed corpus based on the Hadoop variant of MapReduce. While the complete process consists of a parsing part and an extraction part, we focus here on the extraction from the parsed corpus and we hope this tool will help computational linguists speed up the development of applications.

null

67,174

inproceedings

ke-etal-2014-variations

Variations on quantitative comparability measures and their evaluations on synthetic {F}rench-{E}nglish comparable corpora

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1139/

Ke, Guiyao and Marteau, Pierre-Francois and Menier, Gildas

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

133--139

Following the pioneering work by (CITATION), we address in this paper the analysis of a family of quantitative comparability measures dedicated to the construction and evaluation of topical comparable corpora. After recalling the definition of the quantitative comparability measure proposed by (CITATION), we develop some variants of this measure based primarily on the consideration that the occurrence frequencies of lexical entries and the number of their translations are important. We compare the respective advantages and disadvantages of these variants in the context of an evaluation framework that is based on the progressive degradation of the Europarl parallel corpus. The degradation is obtained by replacing either deterministically or randomly a varying amount of lines in blocks that compose partitions of the initial Europarl corpus. The impact of the coverage of bilingual dictionaries on these measures is also discussed and perspectives are finally presented.

null

67,175

inproceedings

dinu-etal-2014-using

Using a machine learning model to assess the complexity of stress systems

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1140/

Dinu, Liviu and Ciobanu, Alina Maria and Chitoran, Ioana and Niculae, Vlad

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

331--336

We address the task of stress prediction as a sequence tagging problem. We present sequential models with averaged perceptron training for learning primary stress in Romanian words. We use character n-grams and syllable n-grams as features and we account for the consonant-vowel structure of the words. We show in this paper that Romanian stress is predictable, though not deterministic, by using data-driven machine learning techniques.

null

67,176

inproceedings

mata-etal-2014-prosodic

Prosodic, syntactic, semantic guidelines for topic structures across domains and corpora

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1141/

Mata, Ana Isabel and Moniz, Helena and M{\'o}ia, Telmo and Gon{\c{c}}alves, Anabela and Silva, F{\'a}tima and Batista, Fernando and Duarte, In{\^e}s and Oliveira, F{\'a}tima and Fal{\'e}, Isabel

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1188--1193

This paper presents the annotation guidelines applied to naturally occurring speech, aiming at an integrated account of contrast and parallel structures in European Portuguese. These guidelines were defined to allow for the empirical study of interactions among intonation and syntax-discourse patterns in selected sets of different corpora (monologues and dialogues, by adults and teenagers). In this paper we focus on the multilayer annotation process of left periphery structures by using a small sample of highly spontaneous speech in which the distinct types of topic structures are displayed. The analysis of this sample provides fundamental training and testing material for further application in a wider range of domains and corpora. The annotation process comprises the following time-linked levels (manual and automatic): phone, syllable and word level transcriptions (including co-articulation effects); tonal events and break levels; part-of-speech tagging; syntactic-discourse patterns (construction type; construction position; syntactic function; discourse function), and disfluency events as well. Speech corpora with such a multi-level annotation are a valuable resource to look into grammar module relations in language use from an integrated viewpoint. Such viewpoint is innovative in our language, and has not been often assumed by studies for other languages.

null

67,177

inproceedings

black-etal-2014-evaluating

Evaluating Lemmatization Models for Machine-Assisted Corpus-Dictionary Linkage

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1142/

Black, Kevin and Ringger, Eric and Felt, Paul and Seppi, Kevin and Heal, Kristian and Lonsdale, Deryle

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3798--3805

The task of corpus-dictionary linkage (CDL) is to annotate each word in a corpus with a link to an appropriate dictionary entry that documents the sense and usage of the word. Corpus-dictionary linked resources include concordances, dictionaries with word usage examples, and corpora annotated with lemmas or word-senses. Such CDL resources are essential in learning a language and in linguistic research, translation, and philology. Lemmatization is a common approximation to automating corpus-dictionary linkage, where lemmas are treated as dictionary entry headwords. We intend to use data-driven lemmatization models to provide machine assistance to human annotators in the form of pre-annotations, and thereby reduce the costs of CDL annotation. In this work we adapt the discriminative string transducer DirecTL+ to perform lemmatization for classical Syriac, a low-resource language. We compare the accuracy of DirecTL+ with the Morfette discriminative lemmatizer. DirecTL+ achieves 96.92{\%} overall accuracy but only by a margin of 0.86{\%} over Morfette at the cost of a longer time to train the model. Error analysis on the models provides guidance on how to apply these models in a machine assistance setting for corpus-dictionary linkage.

null

67,178

inproceedings

washington-etal-2014-finite

Finite-state morphological transducers for three Kypchak languages

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1143/

Washington, Jonathan and Salimzyanov, Ilnar and Tyers, Francis

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3378--3385

This paper describes the development of free/open-source finite-state morphological transducers for three Turkic languages{\textemdash}Kazakh, Tatar, and Kumyk{\textemdash}representing one language from each of the three sub-branches of the Kypchak branch of Turkic. The finite-state toolkit used for the work is the Helsinki Finite-State Toolkit (HFST). This paper describes how the development of a transducer for each subsequent closely-related language took less development time. An evaluation is presented which shows that the transducers all have a reasonable coverage{\textemdash}around 90{\%}{\textemdash}on freely available corpora of the languages, and high precision over a manually verified test set.

null

67,179

inproceedings

oliver-climent-2014-automatic

Automatic creation of {W}ord{N}ets from parallel corpora

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1144/

Oliver, Antoni and Climent, Salvador

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1112--1116

In this paper we present the evaluation results for the creation of WordNets for five languages (Spanish, French, German, Italian and Portuguese) using an approach based on parallel corpora. We have used three very large parallel corpora for our experiments: DGT-TM, EMEA and ECB. The English part of each corpus is semantically tagged using Freeling and UKB. After this step, the process of WordNet creation is converted into a word alignment problem, where we want to alignWordNet synsets in the English part of the corpus with lemmata on the target language part of the corpus. The word alignment algorithm used in these experiments is a simple most frequent translation algorithm implemented into the WN-Toolkit. The obtained precision values are quite satisfactory, but the overall number of extracted synset-variant pairs is too low, leading into very poor recall values. In the conclusions, the use of more advanced word alignment algorithms, such as Giza++, Fast Align or Berkeley aligner is suggested.

null

67,180

inproceedings

ogrodniczuk-kopec-2014-polish

The {P}olish Summaries Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1145/

Ogrodniczuk, Maciej and Kope{\'c}, Mateusz

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3712--3715

This article presents the Polish Summaries Corpus, a new resource created to support the development and evaluation of the tools for automated single-document summarization of Polish. The Corpus contains a large number of manual summaries of news articles, with many independently created summaries for a single text. Such approach is supposed to overcome the annotator bias, which is often described as a problem during the evaluation of the summarization algorithms against a single gold standard. There are several summarizers developed specifically for Polish language, but their in-depth evaluation and comparison was impossible without a large, manually created corpus. We present in detail the process of text selection, annotation process and the contents of the corpus, which includes both abstract free-word summaries, as well as extraction-based summaries created by selecting text spans from the original document. Finally, we describe how that resource could be used not only for the evaluation of the existing summarization tools, but also for studies on the human summarization process in Polish language.

null

67,181

inproceedings

schultz-schlippe-2014-globalphone

{G}lobal{P}hone: Pronunciation Dictionaries in 20 Languages

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1146/

Schultz, Tanja and Schlippe, Tim

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

337--341

This paper describes the advances in the multilingual text and speech database GlobalPhone, a multilingual database of high-quality read speech with corresponding transcriptions and pronunciation dictionaries in 20 languages. GlobalPhone was designed to be uniform across languages with respect to the amount of data, speech quality, the collection scenario, the transcription and phone set conventions. With more than 400 hours of transcribed audio data from more than 2000 native speakers GlobalPhone supplies an excellent basis for research in the areas of multilingual speech recognition, rapid deployment of speech processing systems to yet unsupported languages, language identification tasks, speaker recognition in multiple languages, multilingual speech synthesis, as well as monolingual speech recognition in a large variety of languages. Very recently the GlobalPhone pronunciation dictionaries have been made available for research and commercial purposes by the European Language Resources Association (ELRA).

null

67,182

inproceedings

ceausu-hunsicker-2014-pre

Pre-ordering of phrase-based machine translation input in translation workflow

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1147/

Ceausu, Alexandru and Hunsicker, Sabine

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3589--3592

Word reordering is a difficult task for decoders when the languages involved have a significant difference in syntax. Phrase-based statistical machine translation (PBSMT), preferred in commercial settings due to its maturity, is particularly prone to errors in long range reordering. Source sentence pre-ordering, as a pre-processing step before PBSMT, proved to be an efficient solution that can be achieved using limited resources. We propose a dependency-based pre-ordering model with parameters optimized using a reordering score to pre-order the source sentence. The source sentence is then translated using an existing phrase-based system. The proposed solution is very simple to implement. It uses a hierarchical phrase-based statistical machine translation system (HPBSMT) for pre-ordering, combined with a PBSMT system for the actual translation. We show that the system can provide alternate translations of less post-editing effort in a translation workflow with German as the source language.

null

67,183

inproceedings

di-buccio-etal-2014-vector

A Vector Space Model for Syntactic Distances Between Dialects

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1148/

Di Buccio, Emanuele and Di Nunzio, Giorgio Maria and Silvello, Gianmaria

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2486--2489

Syntactic comparison across languages is essential in the research field of linguistics, e.g. when investigating the relationship among closely related languages. In IR and NLP, the syntactic information is used to understand the meaning of word occurrences according to the context in which their appear. In this paper, we discuss a mathematical framework to compute the distance between languages based on the data available in current state-of-the-art linguistic databases. This framework is inspired by approaches presented in IR and NLP.

null

67,184

inproceedings

curtis-2014-finite

A finite-state morphological analyzer for a {L}akota {HPSG} grammar

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1149/

Curtis, Christian

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

541--544

This paper reports on the design and implementation of a morphophonological analyzer for Lakota, a member of the Siouan language family. The initial motivation for this work was to support development of a precision implemented grammar for Lakota on the basis of the LinGO Grammar Matrix. A finite-state transducer (FST) was developed to adapt Lakotas complex verbal morphology into a form directly usable as input to the Grammar Matrix-derived grammar. As the FST formalism can be applied in both directions, this approach also supports generative output of correct surface forms from the implemented grammar. This article describes the approach used to model Lakota verbal morphology using finite-state methods. It also discusses the results of developing a lexicon from existing text and evaluating its application to related but novel text. The analyzer presented here, along with its companion precision grammar, explores an approach that may have application in enabling machine translation for endangered and under-resourced languages.

null

67,185

inproceedings

drexler-etal-2014-wikipedia

A {W}ikipedia-based Corpus for Contextualized Machine Translation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1150/

Drexler, Jennifer and Rastogi, Pushpendre and Aguilar, Jacqueline and Van Durme, Benjamin and Post, Matt

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3593--3596

We describe a corpus for target-contextualized machine translation (MT), where the task is to improve the translation of source documents using language models built over presumably related documents in the target language. The idea presumes a situation where most of the information about a topic is in a foreign language, yet some related target-language information is known to exist. Our corpus comprises a set of curated English Wikipedia articles describing news events, along with (i) their Spanish counterparts and (ii) some of the Spanish source articles cited within them. In experiments, we translated these Spanish documents, treating the English articles as target-side context, and evaluate the effect on translation quality when including target-side language models built over this English context and interpolated with other, separately-derived language model data. We find that even under this simplistic baseline approach, we achieve significant improvements as measured by BLEU score.

null

67,186

inproceedings

gella-etal-2014-mapping

Mapping {W}ord{N}et Domains, {W}ord{N}et Topics and {W}ikipedia Categories to Generate Multilingual Domain Specific Resources

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1151/

Gella, Spandana and Strapparava, Carlo and Nastase, Vivi

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1117--1121

In this paper we present the mapping between WordNet domains and WordNet topics, and the emergent Wikipedia categories. This mapping leads to a coarse alignment between WordNet and Wikipedia, useful for producing domain-specific and multilingual corpora. Multilinguality is achieved through the cross-language links between Wikipedia categories. Research in word-sense disambiguation has shown that within a specific domain, relevant words have restricted senses. The multilingual, and comparable, domain-specific corpora we produce have the potential to enhance research in word-sense disambiguation and terminology extraction in different languages, which could enhance the performance of various NLP tasks.

null

67,187

inproceedings

lee-etal-2014-annotating

Annotating Events in an Emotion Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1152/

Lee, Sophia and Li, Shoushan and Huang, Chu-Ren

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3511--3516

This paper presents the development of a Chinese event-based emotion corpus. It specifically describes the corpus design, collection and annotation. The proposed annotation scheme provides a consistent way of identifying some emotion-associated events (namely pre-events and post-events). Corpus data show that there are significant interactions between emotions and pre-events as well as that of between emotion and post-events. We believe that emotion as a pivot event underlies an innovative approach towards a linguistic model of emotion as well as automatic emotion detection and classification.

null

67,188

inproceedings

agrawal-etal-2014-statistical

Statistical Analysis of Multilingual Text Corpus and Development of Language Models

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1153/

Agrawal, Shyam Sundar and Abhimanue and Bansal, Shweta and Mahajan, Minakshi

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2436--2440

This paper presents two studies, first a statistical analysis for three languages i.e. Hindi, Punjabi and Nepali and the other, development of language models for three Indian languages i.e. Indian English, Punjabi and Nepali. The main objective of this study is to find distinction among these languages and development of language models for their identification. Detailed statistical analysis have been done to compute the information about entropy, perplexity, vocabulary growth rate etc. Based on statistical features a comparative analysis has been done to find the similarities and differences among these languages. Subsequently an effort has been made to develop a trigram model of Indian English, Punjabi and Nepali. A corpus of 500000 words of each language has been collected and used to develop their models (unigram, bigram and trigram models). The models have been tried in two different databases- Parallel corpora of French and English and Non-parallel corpora of Indian English, Punjabi and Nepali. In the second case, the performance of the model is comparable. Usage of JAVA platform has provided a special effect for dealing with a very large database with high computational speed. Furthermore various enhancive concepts like Smoothing, Discounting, Back off, and Interpolation have been included for the designing of an effective model. The results obtained from this experiment have been described. The information can be useful for development of Automatic Speech Language Identification System.

null

67,189

inproceedings

cieri-etal-2014-new

New Directions for Language Resource Development and Distribution

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1154/

Cieri, Christopher and DiPersio, Denise and Liberman, Mark and Mazzucchi, Andrea and Strassel, Stephanie and Wright, Jonathan

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1539--1546

Despite the growth in the number of linguistic data centers around the world, their accomplishments and expansions and the advances they have help enable, the language resources that exist are a small fraction of those required to meet the goals of Human Language Technologies (HLT) for the worlds languages and the promises they offer: broad access to knowledge, direct communication across language boundaries and engagement in a global community. Using the Linguistic Data Consortium as a focus case, this paper sketches the progress of data centers, summarizes recent activities and then turns to several issues that have received inadequate attention and proposes some new approaches to their resolution.

null

67,190

inproceedings

mariani-etal-2014-rediscovering

Rediscovering 15 Years of Discoveries in Language Resources and Evaluation: The {LREC} Anthology Analysis

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1155/

Mariani, Joseph and Paroubek, Patrick and Francopoulo, Gil and Hamon, Olivier

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

null

This paper aims at analyzing the content of the LREC conferences contained in the ELRA Anthology over the past 15 years (1998-2013). It follows similar exercises that have been conducted, such as the survey on the IEEE ICASSP conference series from 1976 to 1990, which served in the launching of the ESCA Eurospeech conference, a survey of the Association of Computational Linguistics (ACL) over 50 years of existence, which was presented at the ACL conference in 2012, or a survey over the 25 years (1987-2012) of the conferences contained in the ISCA Archive, presented at Interspeech 2013. It contains first an analysis of the evolution of the number of papers and authors over time, including the study of their gender, nationality and affiliation, and of the collaboration among authors. It then studies the funding sources of the research investigations that are reported in the papers. It conducts an analysis of the evolution of the research topics within the community over time. It finally looks at reuse and plagiarism in the papers. The survey shows the present trends in the conference series and in the Language Resources and Evaluation scientific community. Conducting this survey also demonstrated the importance of a clear and unique identification of authors, papers and other sources to facilitate the analysis. This survey is preliminary, as many other aspects also deserve attention. But we hope it will help better understanding and forging our community in the global village.

null

67,191

inproceedings

roberts-etal-2014-annotating

Annotating Question Decomposition on Complex Medical Questions

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1156/

Roberts, Kirk and Masterton, Kate and Fiszman, Marcelo and Kilicoglu, Halil and Demner-Fushman, Dina

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2598--2602

This paper presents a method for annotating question decomposition on complex medical questions. The annotations cover multiple syntactic ways that questions can be decomposed, including separating independent clauses as well as recognizing coordinations and exemplifications. We annotate a corpus of 1,467 multi-sentence consumer health questions about genetic and rare diseases. Furthermore, we label two additional medical-specific annotations: (1) background sentences are annotated with a number of medical categories such as symptoms, treatments, and family history, and (2) the central focus of the complex question (a disease) is marked. We present simple baseline results for automatic classification of these annotations, demonstrating the challenging but important nature of this task.

null

67,192

inproceedings

xavier-lima-2014-boosting

Boosting Open Information Extraction with Noun-Based Relations

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1157/

Xavier, Clarissa and Lima, Vera

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

96--100

Open Information Extraction (Open IE) is a strategy for learning relations from texts, regardless the domain and without predefining these relations. Work in this area has focused mainly on verbal relations. In order to extend Open IE to extract relationships that are not expressed by verbs, we present a novel Open IE approach that extracts relations expressed in noun compounds (NCs), such as (oil, extracted from, olive) from olive oil, or in adjective-noun pairs (ANs), such as (moon, that is, gorgeous) from gorgeous moon. The approach consists of three steps: detection of NCs and ANs, interpretation of these compounds in view of corpus enrichment and extraction of relations from the enriched corpus. To confirm the feasibility of this method we created a prototype and evaluated the impact of the application of our proposal in two state-of-the-art Open IE extractors. Based on these tests we conclude that the proposed approach is an important step to fulfil the gap concerning the extraction of relations within the noun compounds and adjective-noun pairs in Open IE.

null

67,193

inproceedings

angelov-2014-bootstrapping

Bootstrapping Open-Source {E}nglish-{B}ulgarian Computational Dictionary

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1158/

Angelov, Krasimir

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1018--1023

We present an open-source English-Bulgarian dictionary which is a unification and consolidation of existing and freely available resources for the two languages. The new resource can be used as either a pair of two monolingual morphological lexicons, or as a bidirectional translation dictionary between the languages. The structure of the resource is compatible with the existing synchronous English-Bulgarian grammar in Grammatical Framework (GF). This makes it possible to immediately plug it in as a component in a grammar-based translation system that is currently under development in the same framework. This also meant that we had to enrich the dictionary with additional syntactic and semantic information that was missing in the original resources.

null

67,194

inproceedings

mangeot-2014-motamot

{M}ot{\`a}{M}ot project: conversion of a {F}rench-{K}hmer published dictionary for building a multilingual lexical system

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1159/

Mangeot, Mathieu

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1024--1031

Economic issues related to the information processing techniques are very important. The development of such technologies is a major asset for developing countries like Cambodia and Laos, and emerging ones like Vietnam, Malaysia and Thailand. The MotAMot project aims to computerize an under-resourced language: Khmer, spoken mainly in Cambodia. The main goal of the project is the development of a multilingual lexical system targeted for Khmer. The macrostructure is a pivot one with each word sense of each language linked to a pivot axi. The microstructure comes from a simplification of the explanatory and combinatory dictionary. The lexical system has been initialized with data coming mainly from the conversion of the French-Khmer bilingual dictionary of Denis Richer from Word to XML format. The French part was completed with pronunciation and parts-of-speech coming from the FeM French-english-Malay dictionary. The Khmer headwords noted in IPA in the Richer dictionary were converted to Khmer writing with OpenFST, a finite state transducer tool. The resulting resource is available online for lookup, editing, download and remote programming via a REST API on a Jibiki platform.

null

67,195

inproceedings

curto-etal-2014-just

{JUST}.{ASK}, a {QA} system that learns to answer new questions from previous interactions

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1160/

Curto, S{\'e}rgio and Mendes, Ana C. and Curto, Pedro and Coheur, Lu{\'i}sa and Costa, {\^A}ngela

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2603--2607

We present JUST.ASK, a publicly available Question Answering system, which is freely available. Its architecture is composed of the usual Question Processing, Passage Retrieval and Answer Extraction components. Several details on the information generated and manipulated by each of these components are also provided to the user when interacting with the demonstration. Since JUST.ASK also learns to answer new questions based on users feedback, (s)he is invited to identify the correct answers. These will then be used to retrieve answers to future questions.

null

67,196

inproceedings

sinha-etal-2014-design

Design and Development of an Online Computational Framework to Facilitate Language Comprehension Research on {I}ndian Languages

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1161/

Sinha, Manjira and Dasgupta, Tirthankar and Basu, Anupam

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

203--210

In this paper we have developed an open-source online computational framework that can be used by different research groups to conduct reading researches on Indian language texts. The framework can be used to develop a large annotated Indian language text comprehension data from different user based experiments. The novelty in this framework lies in the fact that it brings different empirical data-collection techniques for text comprehension under one roof. The framework has been customized specifically to address language particularities for Indian languages. It will also offer many types of automatic analysis on the data at different levels such as full text, sentence and word level. To address the subjectivity of text difficulty perception, the framework allows to capture user background against multiple factors. The assimilated data can be automatically cross referenced against varying strata of readers.

null

67,197

inproceedings

ernestus-etal-2014-nijmegen

The Nijmegen Corpus of Casual {C}zech

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1162/

Ernestus, Mirjam and Ko{\v{c}}kov{\'a}-Amortov{\'a}, Lucie and Pollak, Petr

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

365--370

This article introduces a new speech corpus, the Nijmegen Corpus of Casual Czech (NCCCz), which contains more than 30 hours of high-quality recordings of casual conversations in Common Czech, among ten groups of three male and ten groups of three female friends. All speakers were native speakers of Czech, raised in Prague or in the region of Central Bohemia, and were between 19 and 26 years old. Every group of speakers consisted of one confederate, who was instructed to keep the conversations lively, and two speakers naive to the purposes of the recordings. The naive speakers were engaged in conversations for approximately 90 minutes, while the confederate joined them for approximately the last 72 minutes. The corpus was orthographically annotated by experienced transcribers and this orthographic transcription was aligned with the speech signal. In addition, the conversations were videotaped. This corpus can form the basis for all types of research on casual conversations in Czech, including phonetic research and research on how to improve automatic speech recognition. The corpus will be freely available.

null

67,198

inproceedings

song-xia-2014-modern

{M}odern {C}hinese Helps Archaic {C}hinese Processing: Finding and Exploiting the Shared Properties

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1163/

Song, Yan and Xia, Fei

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3129--3136

Languages change over time and ancient languages have been studied in linguistics and other related fields. A main challenge in this research area is the lack of empirical data; for instance, ancient spoken languages often leave little trace of their linguistic properties. From the perspective of natural language processing (NLP), while the NLP community has created dozens of annotated corpora, very few of them are on ancient languages. As an effort toward bridging the gap, we have created a word segmented and POS tagged corpus for Archaic Chinese using articles from Huainanzi, a book written during Chinas Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-9 AD). We then compare this corpus with the Chinese Penn Treebank (CTB), a well-known corpus for Modern Chinese, and report several interesting differences and similarities between the two corpora. Finally, we demonstrate that the CTB can be used to improve the performance of word segmenters and POS taggers for Archaic Chinese, but only through features that have similar behaviors in the two corpora.

null

67,199

inproceedings

gruszczynski-ogrodniczuk-2014-digital

Digital Library 2.0: Source of Knowledge and Research Collaboration Platform

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1164/

Gruszczy{\'n}ski, W{\l}odzimierz and Ogrodniczuk, Maciej

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1649--1653

Digital libraries are frequently treated just as a new method of storage of digitized artifacts, with all consequences of transferring long-established ways of dealing with physical objects into the digital world. Such attitude improves availability, but often neglects other opportunities offered by global and immediate access, virtuality and linking {\textemdash} as easy as never before. The article presents the idea of transforming a conventional digital library into knowledge source and research collaboration platform, facilitating content augmentation, interpretation and co-operation of geographically distributed researchers representing different academic fields. This concept has been verified by the process of extending descriptions stored in thematic Digital Library of Polish and Poland-related Ephemeral Prints from the 16th, 17th and 18th Centuries with extended item-associated information provided by historians, philologists, librarians and computer scientists. It resulted in associating the customary fixed metadata and digitized content with historical comments, mini-dictionaries of foreign interjections or explanation of less-known background details.

null

67,200

inproceedings

jokinen-2014-open

Open-domain Interaction and Online Content in the {S}ami Language

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1165/

Jokinen, Kristiina

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

517--522

This paper presents data collection and collaborative community events organised within the project Digital Natives on the North Sami language. The project is one of the collaboration initiatives on endangered Finno-Ugric languages, supported by the larger framework between the Academy of Finland and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. The goal of the project is to improve digital visibility and viability of the targeted Finno-Ugric languages, as well as to develop language technology tools and resources in order to assist automatic language processing and experimenting with multilingual interactive applications.

null

67,201

inproceedings

utsumi-2014-character

A Character-based Approach to Distributional Semantic Models: Exploiting Kanji Characters for Constructing {J}apanese{W}ord Vectors

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1166/

Utsumi, Akira

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4444--4450

Many Japanese words are made of kanji characters, which themselves represent meanings. However traditional word-based distributional semantic models (DSMs) do not benefit from the useful semantic information of kanji characters. In this paper, we propose a method for exploiting the semantic information of kanji characters for constructing Japanese word vectors in DSMs. In the proposed method, the semantic representations of kanji characters (i.e, kanji vectors) are constructed first using the techniques of DSMs, and then word vectors are computed by combining the vectors of constituent kanji characters using vector composition methods. The evaluation experiment using a synonym identification task demonstrates that the kanji-based DSM achieves the best performance when a kanji-kanji matrix is weighted by positive pointwise mutual information and word vectors are composed by weighted multiplication. Comparison between kanji-based DSMs and word-based DSMs reveals that our kanji-based DSMs generally outperform latent semantic analysis, and also surpasses the best score word-based DSM for infrequent words comprising only frequent kanji characters. These findings clearly indicate that kanji-based DSMs are beneficial in improvement of quality of Japanese word vectors.

null

67,202

inproceedings

bogdanova-lazaridou-2014-cross

Cross-Language Authorship Attribution

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1167/

Bogdanova, Dasha and Lazaridou, Angeliki

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2015--2020

This paper presents a novel task of cross-language authorship attribution (CLAA), an extension of authorship attribution task to multilingual settings: given data labelled with authors in language X, the objective is to determine the author of a document written in language Y , where X is different from Y . We propose a number of cross-language stylometric features for the task of CLAA, such as those based on sentiment and emotional markers. We also explore an approach based on machine translation (MT) with both lexical and cross-language features. We experimentally show that MT could be used as a starting point to CLAA, since it allows good attribution accuracy to be achieved. The cross-language features provide acceptable accuracy while using jointly with MT, though do not outperform lexical features.

null

67,203

inproceedings

felt-etal-2014-using

Using Transfer Learning to Assist Exploratory Corpus Annotation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1168/

Felt, Paul and Ringger, Eric and Seppi, Kevin and Heal, Kristian

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

140--145

We describe an under-studied problem in language resource management: that of providing automatic assistance to annotators working in exploratory settings. When no satisfactory tagset already exists, such as in under-resourced or undocumented languages, it must be developed iteratively while annotating data. This process naturally gives rise to a sequence of datasets, each annotated differently. We argue that this problem is best regarded as a transfer learning problem with multiple source tasks. Using part-of-speech tagging data with simulated exploratory tagsets, we demonstrate that even simple transfer learning techniques can significantly improve the quality of pre-annotations in an exploratory annotation.

null

67,204

inproceedings

muzerelle-etal-2014-ancor

{ANCOR}{\_}{C}entre, a large free spoken {F}rench coreference corpus: description of the resource and reliability measures

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1169/

Muzerelle, Judith and Lefeuvre, Ana{\"is and Schang, Emmanuel and Antoine, Jean-Yves and Pelletier, Aurore and Maurel, Denis and Eshkol, Iris and Villaneau, Jeanne

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

843--847

This article presents ANCOR{\_}Centre, a French coreference corpus, available under the Creative Commons Licence. With a size of around 500,000 words, the corpus is large enough to serve the needs of data-driven approaches in NLP and represents one of the largest coreference resources currently available. The corpus focuses exclusively on spoken language, it aims at representing a certain variety of spoken genders. ANCOR{\_}Centre includes anaphora as well as coreference relations which involve nominal and pronominal mentions. The paper describes into details the annotation scheme and the reliability measures computed on the resource.

null

67,205

inproceedings

rudnick-etal-2014-guampa

{G}uampa: a Toolkit for Collaborative Translation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1170/

Rudnick, Alex and Skidmore, Taylor and Samaniego, Alberto and Gasser, Michael

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1659--1663

Here we present Guampa, a new software package for online collaborative translation. This system grows out of our discussions with Guarani-language activists and educators in Paraguay, and attempts to address problems faced by machine translation researchers and by members of any community speaking an under-represented language. Guampa enables volunteers and students to work together to translate documents into heritage languages, both to make more materials available in those languages, and also to generate bitext suitable for training machine translation systems. While many approaches to crowdsourcing bitext corpora focus on Mechanical Turk and temporarily engaging anonymous workers, Guampa is intended to foster an online community in which discussions can take place, language learners can practice their translation skills, and complete documents can be translated. This approach is appropriate for the Spanish-Guarani language pair as there are many speakers of both languages, and Guarani has a dedicated activist community. Our goal is to make it easy for anyone to set up their own instance of Guampa and populate it with documents {--} such as automatically imported Wikipedia articles {--} to be translated for their particular language pair. Guampa is freely available and relatively easy to use.

null

67,206

inproceedings

broeder-etal-2014-experiences

Experiences with the {ISO}cat Data Category Registry

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1171/

Broeder, Daan and Schuurman, Ineke and Windhouwer, Menzo

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4565--4568

The ISOcat Data Category Registry has been a joint project of both ISO TC 37 and the European CLARIN infrastructure. In this paper the experiences of using ISOcat in CLARIN are described and evaluated. This evaluation clarifies the requirements of CLARIN with regard to a semantic registry to support its semantic interoperability needs. A simpler model based on concepts instead of data cate-gories and a simpler workflow based on community recommendations will address these needs better and offer the required flexibility.

null

67,207

inproceedings

windhouwer-etal-2014-relish

{RELISH} {LMF}: Unlocking the Full Power of the Lexical Markup Framework

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1172/

Windhouwer, Menzo and Petro, Justin and Shayan, Shakila

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1032--1037

The Lexical Markup Framework (ISO 24613:2008) provides a core class diagram and various extensions as the basis for constructing lexical resources. Unfortunately the informative Document Type Definition provided by the standard and other available LMF serializations lack support for many of the powerful features of the model. This paper describes RELISH LMF, which unlocks the full power of the LMF model by providing a set of extensible modern schema modules. As use cases RELISH LL LMF and support by LEXUS, an online lexicon tool, are described.

null

67,208

inproceedings

iida-tokunaga-2014-building

Building a Corpus of Manually Revised Texts from Discourse Perspective

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1173/

Iida, Ryu and Tokunaga, Takenobu

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

936--941

This paper presents building a corpus of manually revised texts which includes both before and after-revision information. In order to create such a corpus, we propose a procedure for revising a text from a discourse perspective, consisting of dividing a text to discourse units, organising and reordering groups of discourse units and finally modifying referring and connective expressions, each of which imposes limits on freedom of revision. Following the procedure, six revisers who have enough experience in either teaching Japanese or scoring Japanese essays revised 120 Japanese essays written by Japanese native speakers. Comparing the original and revised texts, we found some specific manual revisions frequently occurred between the original and revised texts, e.g. thesis statements were frequently placed at the beginning of a text. We also evaluate text coherence using the original and revised texts on the task of pairwise information ordering, identifying a more coherent text. The experimental results using two text coherence models demonstrated that the two models did not outperform the random baseline.

null

67,209

inproceedings

durco-windhouwer-2014-cmd

The {CMD} Cloud

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1174/

{\v{D}}ur{\v{c}}o, Matej and Windhouwer, Menzo

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

687--690

The CLARIN Component Metadata Infrastructure (CMDI) established means for flexible resource descriptions for the domain of language resources with sound provisions for semantic interoperability weaved deeply into the meta model and the infrastructure. Based on this solid grounding, the infrastructure accommodates a growing collection of metadata records. In this paper, we give a short overview of the current status in the CMD data domain on the schema and instance level and harness the installed mechanisms for semantic interoperability to explore the similarity relations between individual profiles/schemas. We propose a method to use the semantic links shared among the profiles to generate/compile a similarity graph. This information is further rendered in an interactive graph viewer: the SMC Browser. The resulting interactive graph offers an intuitive view on the complex interrelations of the discussed dataset revealing clusters of more similar profiles. This information is useful both for metadata modellers, for metadata curation tasks as well as for general audience seeking for a {\textquoteleft}big picture' of the complex CMD data domain.

null

67,210

inproceedings

borin-etal-2014-linguistic

Linguistic landscaping of {S}outh {A}sia using digital language resources: Genetic vs. areal linguistics

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1175/

Borin, Lars and Saxena, Anju and Rama, Taraka and Comrie, Bernard

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3137--3144

Like many other research fields, linguistics is entering the age of big data. We are now at a point where it is possible to see how new research questions can be formulated - and old research questions addressed from a new angle or established results verified - on the basis of exhaustive collections of data, rather than small, carefully selected samples. For example, South Asia is often mentioned in the literature as a classic example of a linguistic area, but there is no systematic, empirical study substantiating this claim. Examination of genealogical and areal relationships among South Asian languages requires a large-scale quantitative and qualitative comparative study, encompassing more than one language family. Further, such a study cannot be conducted manually, but needs to draw on extensive digitized language resources and state-of-the-art computational tools. We present some preliminary results of our large-scale investigation of the genealogical and areal relationships among the languages of this region, based on the linguistic descriptions available in the 19 tomes of Grierson`s monumental {\textquotedblleft}Linguistic Survey of India{\textquotedblright} (1903-1927), which is currently being digitized with the aim of turning the linguistic information in the LSI into a digital language resource suitable for a broad array of linguistic investigations.

null

67,211

inproceedings

barreiro-etal-2014-linguistic

Linguistic Evaluation of Support Verb Constructions by {O}pen{L}ogos and {G}oogle {T}ranslate

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1176/

Barreiro, Anabela and Monti, Johanna and Orliac, Brigitte and Preu{\ss}, Susanne and Arrieta, Kutz and Ling, Wang and Batista, Fernando and Trancoso, Isabel

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

35--40

This paper presents a systematic human evaluation of translations of English support verb constructions produced by a rule-based machine translation (RBMT) system (OpenLogos) and a statistical machine translation (SMT) system (Google Translate) for five languages: French, German, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish. We classify support verb constructions by means of their syntactic structure and semantic behavior and present a qualitative analysis of their translation errors. The study aims to verify how machine translation (MT) systems translate fine-grained linguistic phenomena, and how well-equipped they are to produce high-quality translation. Another goal of the linguistically motivated quality analysis of SVC raw output is to reinforce the need for better system hybridization, which leverages the strengths of RBMT to the benefit of SMT, especially in improving the translation of multiword units. Taking multiword units into account, we propose an effective method to achieve MT hybridization based on the integration of semantico-syntactic knowledge into SMT.

null

67,212

inproceedings

kipp-etal-2014-single

Single-Person and Multi-Party 3{D} Visualizations for Nonverbal Communication Analysis

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1177/

Kipp, Michael and von Hollen, Levin Freiherr and Hrstka, Michael Christopher and Zamponi, Franziska

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3393--3397

The qualitative analysis of nonverbal communication is more and more relying on 3D recording technology. However, the human analysis of 3D data on a regular 2D screen can be challenging as 3D scenes are difficult to visually parse. To optimally exploit the full depth of the 3D data, we propose to enhance the 3D view with a number of visualizations that clarify spatial and conceptual relationships and add derived data like speed and angles. In this paper, we present visualizations for directional body motion, hand movement direction, gesture space location, and proxemic dimensions like interpersonal distance, movement and orientation. The proposed visualizations are available in the open source tool JMocap and are planned to be fully integrated into the ANVIL video annotation tool. The described techniques are intended to make annotation more efficient and reliable and may allow the discovery of entirely new phenomena.

null

67,213

inproceedings

shimizu-etal-2014-collection

Collection of a Simultaneous Translation Corpus for Comparative Analysis

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1178/

Shimizu, Hiroaki and Neubig, Graham and Sakti, Sakriani and Toda, Tomoki and Nakamura, Satoshi

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

670--673

This paper describes the collection of an English-Japanese/Japanese-English simultaneous interpretation corpus. There are two main features of the corpus. The first is that professional simultaneous interpreters with different amounts of experience cooperated with the collection. By comparing data from simultaneous interpretation of each interpreter, it is possible to compare better interpretations to those that are not as good. The second is that for part of our corpus there are already translation data available. This makes it possible to compare translation data with simultaneous interpretation data. We recorded the interpretations of lectures and news, and created time-aligned transcriptions. A total of 387k words of transcribed data were collected. The corpus will be helpful to analyze differences in interpretations styles and to construct simultaneous interpretation systems.

null

67,214

inproceedings

cakmak-etal-2014-av

The {AV}-{LASYN} Database : A synchronous corpus of audio and 3{D} facial marker data for audio-visual laughter synthesis

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1179/

{\c{Cakmak, H{\"useyin and Urbain, J{\'er{\^ome and Dutoit, Thierry and Tilmanne, Jo{\"elle

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3398--3403

A synchronous database of acoustic and 3D facial marker data was built for audio-visual laughter synthesis. Since the aim is to use this database for HMM-based modeling and synthesis, the amount of collected data from one given subject had to be maximized. The corpus contains 251 utterances of laughter from one male participant. Laughter was elicited with the help of humorous videos. The resulting database is synchronous between modalities (audio and 3D facial motion capture data). Visual 3D data is available in common formats such as BVH and C3D with head motion and facial deformation independently available. Data is segmented and audio has been annotated. Phonetic transcriptions are available in the HTK-compatible format. Principal component analysis has been conducted on visual data and has shown that a dimensionality reduction might be relevant. The corpus may be obtained under a research license upon request to authors.

null

67,215

inproceedings

petukhova-etal-2014-interoperability

Interoperability of Dialogue Corpora through {ISO} 24617-2-based Querying

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1180/

Petukhova, Volha and Malchanau, Andrei and Bunt, Harry

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4407--4414

This paper explores a way of achieving interoperability: developing a query format for accessing existing annotated corpora whose expressions make use of the annotation language defined by the standard. The interpretation of expressions in the query implements a mapping from ISO 24617-2 concepts to those of the annotation scheme used in the corpus. We discuss two possible ways to query existing annotated corpora using DiAML. One way is to transform corpora into DiAML compliant format, and subsequently query these data using XQuery or XPath. The second approach is to define a DiAML query that can be directly used to retrieve requested information from the annotated data. Both approaches are valid. The first one presents a standard way of querying XML data. The second approach is a DiAML-oriented querying of dialogue act annotated data, for which we designed an interface. The proposed approach is tested on two important types of existing dialogue corpora: spoken two-person dialogue corpora collected and annotated within the HCRC Map Task paradigm, and multiparty face-to-face dialogues of the AMI corpus. We present the results and evaluate them with respect to accuracy and completeness through statistical comparisons between retrieved and manually constructed reference annotations.

null

67,216

inproceedings

cucchiarini-etal-2014-asr

{ASR}-based {CALL} systems and learner speech data: new resources and opportunities for research and development in second language learning

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1181/

Cucchiarini, Catia and Bodnar, Steve and de Vries, Bart Penning and van Hout, Roeland and Strik, Helmer

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2708--2714

In this paper we describe the language resources developed within the project Feedback and the Acquisition of Syntax in Oral Proficiency (FASOP), which is aimed at investigating the effectiveness of various forms of practice and feedback on the acquisition of syntax in second language (L2) oral proficiency, as well as their interplay with learner characteristics such as education level, learner motivation and confidence. For this purpose, use is made of a Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) system that employs Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) technology to allow spoken interaction and to create an experimental environment that guarantees as much control over the language learning setting as possible. The focus of the present paper is on the resources that are being produced in FASOP. In line with the theme of this conference, we present the different types of resources developed within this project and the way in which these could be used to pursue innovative research in second language acquisition and to develop and improve ASR-based language learning applications.

null

67,217

inproceedings

petukhova-etal-2014-dbox

The {DBOX} Corpus Collection of Spoken Human-Human and Human-Machine Dialogues

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1182/

Petukhova, Volha and Gropp, Martin and Klakow, Dietrich and Eigner, Gregor and Topf, Mario and Srb, Stefan and Motlicek, Petr and Potard, Blaise and Dines, John and Deroo, Olivier and Egeler, Ronny and Meinz, Uwe and Liersch, Steffen and Schmidt, Anna

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

252--258

This paper describes the data collection and annotation carried out within the DBOX project ( Eureka project, number E! 7152). This project aims to develop interactive games based on spoken natural language human-computer dialogues, in 3 European languages: English, German and French. We collect the DBOX data continuously. We first start with human-human Wizard of Oz experiments to collect human-human data in order to model natural human dialogue behaviour, for better understanding of phenomena of human interactions and predicting interlocutors actions, and then replace the human Wizard by an increasingly advanced dialogue system, using evaluation data for system improvement. The designed dialogue system relies on a Question-Answering (QA) approach, but showing truly interactive gaming behaviour, e.g., by providing feedback, managing turns and contact, producing social signals and acts, e.g., encouraging vs. downplaying, polite vs. rude, positive vs. negative attitude towards players or their actions, etc. The DBOX dialogue corpus has required substantial investment. We expect it to have a great impact on the rest of the project. The DBOX project consortium will continue to maintain the corpus and to take an interest in its growth, e.g., expand to other languages. The resulting corpus will be publicly released.

null

67,218

inproceedings

schmidt-2014-database

The Database for Spoken {G}erman {---} {DGD}2

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1183/

Schmidt, Thomas

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1451--1457

The Database for Spoken German (Datenbank f{\"ur Gesprochenes Deutsch, DGD2, \url{http://dgd.ids-mannheim.de) is the central platform for publishing and disseminating spoken language corpora from the Archive of Spoken German (Archiv f{\"ur Gesprochenes Deutsch, AGD, \url{http://agd.ids-mannheim.de) at the Institute for the German Language in Mannheim. The corpora contained in the DGD2 come from a variety of sources, some of them in-house projects, some of them external projects. Most of the corpora were originally intended either for research into the (dialectal) variation of German or for studies in conversation analysis and related fields. The AGD has taken over the task of permanently archiving these resources and making them available for reuse to the research community. To date, the DGD2 offers access to 19 different corpora, totalling around 9000 speech events, 2500 hours of audio recordings or 8 million transcribed words. This paper gives an overview of the data made available via the DGD2, of the technical basis for its implementation, and of the most important functionalities it offers. The paper concludes with information about the users of the database and future plans for its development.

null

67,219

inproceedings

dinu-ciobanu-2014-building

Building a Dataset of Multilingual Cognates for the {R}omanian Lexicon

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1184/

Dinu, Liviu and Ciobanu, Alina Maria

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1038--1043

Identifying cognates is an interesting task with applications in numerous research areas, such as historical and comparative linguistics, language acquisition, cross-lingual information retrieval, readability and machine translation. We propose a dictionary-based approach to identifying cognates based on etymology and etymons. We account for relationships between languages and we extract etymology-related information from electronic dictionaries. We employ the dataset of cognates that we obtain as a gold standard for evaluating to which extent orthographic methods can be used to detect cognate pairs. The question that arises is whether they are able to discriminate between cognates and non-cognates, given the orthographic changes undergone by foreign words when entering new languages. We investigate some orthographic approaches widely used in this research area and some original metrics as well. We run our experiments on the Romanian lexicon, but the method we propose is adaptable to any language, as far as resources are available.

null

67,220

inproceedings

rizzo-etal-2014-benchmarking

Benchmarking the Extraction and Disambiguation of Named Entities on the Semantic Web

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1185/

Rizzo, Giuseppe and van Erp, Marieke and Troncy, Rapha{\"el

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4593--4600

Named entity recognition and disambiguation are of primary importance for extracting information and for populating knowledge bases. Detecting and classifying named entities has traditionally been taken on by the natural language processing community, whilst linking of entities to external resources, such as those in DBpedia, has been tackled by the Semantic Web community. As these tasks are treated in different communities, there is as yet no oversight on the performance of these tasks combined. We present an approach that combines the state-of-the art from named entity recognition in the natural language processing domain and named entity linking from the semantic web community. We report on experiments and results to gain more insights into the strengths and limitations of current approaches on these tasks. Our approach relies on the numerous web extractors supported by the NERD framework, which we combine with a machine learning algorithm to optimize recognition and linking of named entities. We test our approach on four standard data sets that are composed of two diverse text types, namely newswire and microposts.

null

67,221

inproceedings

liu-etal-2014-automatic-expansion

Automatic Expansion of the {MRC} Psycholinguistic Database Imageability Ratings

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1186/

Liu, Ting and Cho, Kit and Broadwell, G. Aaron and Shaikh, Samira and Strzalkowski, Tomek and Lien, John and Taylor, Sarah and Feldman, Laurie and Yamrom, Boris and Webb, Nick and Boz, Umit and Cases, Ignacio and Lin, Ching-sheng

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2800--2805

Recent studies in metaphor extraction across several languages (Broadwell et al., 2013; Strzalkowski et al., 2013) have shown that word imageability ratings are highly correlated with the presence of metaphors in text. Information about imageability of words can be obtained from the MRC Psycholinguistic Database (MRCPD) for English words and L{\'e}xico Informatizado del Espa{\~n}ol Programa (LEXESP) for Spanish words, which is a collection of human ratings obtained in a series of controlled surveys. Unfortunately, word imageability ratings were collected for only a limited number of words: 9,240 words in English, 6,233 in Spanish; and are unavailable at all in the other two languages studied: Russian and Farsi. The present study describes an automated method for expanding the MRCPD by conferring imageability ratings over the synonyms and hyponyms of existing MRCPD words, as identified in Wordnet. The result is an expanded MRCPD+ database with imagea-bility scores for more than 100,000 words. The appropriateness of this expansion process is assessed by examining the structural coherence of the expanded set and by validating the expanded lexicon against human judgment. Finally, the performance of the metaphor extraction system is shown to improve significantly with the expanded database. This paper describes the process for English MRCPD+ and the resulting lexical resource. The process is analogous for other languages.

null

67,222

inproceedings

bhat-etal-2014-towards

Towards building a {K}ashmiri Treebank: Setting up the Annotation Pipeline

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1187/

Bhat, Riyaz Ahmad and Bhat, Shahid Mushtaq and Sharma, Dipti Misra

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

748--752

Kashmiri is a resource poor language with very less computational and language resources available for its text processing. As the main contribution of this paper, we present an initial version of the Kashmiri Dependency Treebank. The treebank consists of 1,000 sentences (17,462 tokens), annotated with part-of-speech (POS), chunk and dependency information. The treebank has been manually annotated using the Paninian Computational Grammar (PCG) formalism (Begum et al., 2008; Bharati et al., 2009). This version of Kashmiri treebank is an extension of its earlier verion of 500 sentences (Bhat, 2012), a pilot experiment aimed at defining the annotation guidelines on a small subset of Kashmiri corpora. In this paper, we have refined the guidelines with some significant changes and have carried out inter-annotator agreement studies to ascertain its quality. We also present a dependency parsing pipeline, consisting of a tokenizer, a stemmer, a POS tagger, a chunker and an inter-chunk dependency parser. It, therefore, constitutes the first freely available, open source dependency parser of Kashmiri, setting the initial baseline for Kashmiri dependency parsing.

null

67,223

inproceedings

uryupina-etal-2014-sentube

{S}en{T}ube: A Corpus for Sentiment Analysis on {Y}ou{T}ube Social Media

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1188/

Uryupina, Olga and Plank, Barbara and Severyn, Aliaksei and Rotondi, Agata and Moschitti, Alessandro

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4244--4249

In this paper we present SenTube {--} a dataset of user-generated comments on YouTube videos annotated for information content and sentiment polarity. It contains annotations that allow to develop classifiers for several important NLP tasks: (i) sentiment analysis, (ii) text categorization (relatedness of a comment to video and/or product), (iii) spam detection, and (iv) prediction of comment informativeness. The SenTube corpus favors the development of research on indexing and searching YouTube videos exploiting information derived from comments. The corpus will cover several languages: at the moment, we focus on English and Italian, with Spanish and Dutch parts scheduled for the later stages of the project. For all the languages, we collect videos for the same set of products, thus offering possibilities for multi- and cross-lingual experiments. The paper provides annotation guidelines, corpus statistics and annotator agreement details.

null

67,224

inproceedings

hernandez-mena-camacho-2014-ciempiess

{CIEMPIESS}: A New Open-Sourced {M}exican {S}panish Radio Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1189/

Hernandez Mena, Carlos Daniel and Camacho, Abel Herrera

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

371--375

Corpus de Investigaci{\'o}n en Espa{\~n}ol de M{\'e}xico del Posgrado de Ingenier{\'i}a El{\'e}ctrica y Servicio Social{\textquotedblright} (CIEMPIESS) is a new open-sourced corpus extracted from Spanish spoken FM podcasts in the dialect of the center of Mexico. The CIEMPIESS corpus was designed to be used in the field of automatic speech recongnition (ASR) and it is provided with two different kind of pronouncing dictionaries, one of them containing the phonemes of Mexican Spanish and the other containing this same phonemes plus allophones. Corpus annotation took into account the tonic vowel of every word and the four different sounds that letter {\textquotedblleft}x{\textquotedblright} presents in the Spanish language. CIEMPIESS corpus is also provided with two different language models extracted from electronic newsletters, one of them takes into account the tonic vowels but not the other one. Both the dictionaries and the language models allow users to experiment different scenarios for the recognition task in order to adequate the corpus to their needs.

null

67,225

inproceedings

del-pozo-etal-2014-savas

{SAVAS}: Collecting, Annotating and Sharing Audiovisual Language Resources for Automatic Subtitling

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1190/

del Pozo, Arantza and Aliprandi, Carlo and {\'A}lvarez, Aitor and Mendes, Carlos and Neto, Joao P. and Paulo, S{\'e}rgio and Piccinini, Nicola and Raffaelli, Matteo

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

432--436

This paper describes the data collection, annotation and sharing activities carried out within the FP7 EU-funded SAVAS project. The project aims to collect, share and reuse audiovisual language resources from broadcasters and subtitling companies to develop large vocabulary continuous speech recognisers in specific domains and new languages, with the purpose of solving the automated subtitling needs of the media industry.

null

67,226

inproceedings

fankhauser-etal-2014-exploring

Exploring and Visualizing Variation in Language Resources

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1191/

Fankhauser, Peter and Knappen, J{\"org and Teich, Elke

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4125--4128

Language resources are often compiled for the purpose of variational analysis, such as studying differences between genres, registers, and disciplines, regional and diachronic variation, influence of gender, cultural context, etc. Often the sheer number of potentially interesting contrastive pairs can get overwhelming due to the combinatorial explosion of possible combinations. In this paper, we present an approach that combines well understood techniques for visualization heatmaps and word clouds with intuitive paradigms for exploration drill down and side by side comparison to facilitate the analysis of language variation in such highly combinatorial situations. Heatmaps assist in analyzing the overall pattern of variation in a corpus, and word clouds allow for inspecting variation at the level of words.

null

67,227

inproceedings

darwish-gao-2014-simple

Simple Effective Microblog Named Entity Recognition: {A}rabic as an Example

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1192/

Darwish, Kareem and Gao, Wei

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2513--2517

Despite many recent papers on Arabic Named Entity Recognition (NER) in the news domain, little work has been done on microblog NER. NER on microblogs presents many complications such as informality of language, shortened named entities, brevity of expressions, and inconsistent capitalization (for cased languages). We introduce simple effective language-independent approaches for improving NER on microblogs, based on using large gazetteers, domain adaptation, and a two-pass semi-supervised method. We use Arabic as an example language to compare the relative effectiveness of the approaches and when best to use them. We also present a new dataset for the task. Results of combining the proposed approaches show an improvement of 35.3 F-measure points over a baseline system trained on news data and an improvement of 19.9 F-measure points over the same system but trained on microblog data.

null

67,228

inproceedings

almeida-etal-2014-priberam

Priberam Compressive Summarization Corpus: A New Multi-Document Summarization Corpus for {E}uropean {P}ortuguese

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1193/

Almeida, Miguel B. and Almeida, Mariana S. C. and Martins, Andr{\'e} F. T. and Figueira, Helena and Mendes, Pedro and Pinto, Cl{\'a}udia

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

146--152

In this paper, we introduce the Priberam Compressive Summarization Corpus, a new multi-document summarization corpus for European Portuguese. The corpus follows the format of the summarization corpora for English in recent DUC and TAC conferences. It contains 80 manually chosen topics referring to events occurred between 2010 and 2013. Each topic contains 10 news stories from major Portuguese newspapers, radio and TV stations, along with two human generated summaries up to 100 words. Apart from the language, one important difference from the DUC/TAC setup is that the human summaries in our corpus are \textit{compressive}: the annotators performed only sentence and word deletion operations, as opposed to generating summaries from scratch. We use this corpus to train and evaluate learning-based extractive and compressive summarization systems, providing an empirical comparison between these two approaches. The corpus is made freely available in order to facilitate research on automatic summarization.

null

67,229

inproceedings

van-son-etal-2014-hope

Hope and Fear: How Opinions Influence Factuality

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1194/

van Son, Chantal and van Erp, Marieke and Fokkens, Antske and Vossen, Piek

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3857--3864

Both sentiment and event factuality are fundamental information levels for our understanding of events mentioned in news texts. Most research so far has focused on either modeling opinions or factuality. In this paper, we propose a model that combines the two for the extraction and interpretation of perspectives on events. By doing so, we can explain the way people perceive changes in (their belief of) the world as a function of their fears of changes to the bad or their hopes of changes to the good. This study seeks to examine the effectiveness of this approach by applying factuality annotations, based on FactBank, on top of the MPQA Corpus, a corpus containing news texts annotated for sentiments and other private states. Our findings suggest that this approach can be valuable for the understanding of perspectives, but that there is still some work to do on the refinement of the integration.

null

67,230

inproceedings

vandeghinste-schuurman-2014-linking

Linking Pictographs to Synsets: {S}clera2{C}ornetto

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1195/

Vandeghinste, Vincent and Schuurman, Ineke

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3404--3410

Social inclusion of people with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities can be promoted by offering them ways to independently use the internet. People with reading or writing disabilities can use pictographs instead of text. We present a resource in which we have linked a set of 5710 pictographs to lexical-semantic concepts in Cornetto, a Wordnet-like database for Dutch. We show that, by using this resource in a text-to-pictograph translation system, we can greatly improve the coverage comparing with a baseline where words are converted into pictographs only if the word equals the filename.

null

67,231

inproceedings

morchid-etal-2014-characterizing

Characterizing and Predicting Bursty Events: The Buzz Case Study on {T}witter

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1196/

Morchid, Mohamed and Linar{\`e}s, Georges and Dufour, Richard

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2766--2771

The prediction of bursty events on the Internet is a challenging task. Difficulties are due to the diversity of information sources, the size of the Internet, dynamics of popularity, user behaviors... On the other hand, Twitter is a structured and limited space. In this paper, we present a new method for predicting bursty events using content-related indices. Prediction is performed by a neural network that combines three features in order to predict the number of retweets of a tweet on the Twitter platform. The indices are related to popularity, expressivity and singularity. Popularity index is based on the analysis of RSS streams. Expressivity uses a dictionary that contains words annotated in terms of expressivity load. Singularity represents outlying topic association estimated via a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposal with a 72{\%} F-measure prediction score for the tweets that have been forwarded at least 60 times.

null

67,232

inproceedings

krieger-etal-2014-information

Information Extraction from {G}erman Patient Records via Hybrid Parsing and Relation Extraction Strategies

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1197/

Krieger, Hans-Ulrich and Spurk, Christian and Uszkoreit, Hans and Xu, Feiyu and Zhang, Yi and M{\"uller, Frank and Tolxdorff, Thomas

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2043--2048

In this paper, we report on first attempts and findings to analyzing German patient records, using a hybrid parsing architecture and a combination of two relation extraction strategies. On a practical level, we are interested in the extraction of concepts and relations among those concepts, a necessary cornerstone for building medical information systems. The parsing pipeline consists of a morphological analyzer, a robust chunk parser adapted to Latin phrases used in medical diagnosis, a repair rule stage, and a probabilistic context-free parser that respects the output from the chunker. The relation extraction stage is a combination of two systems: SProUT, a shallow processor which uses hand-written rules to discover relation instances from local text units and DARE which extracts relation instances from complete sentences, using rules that are learned in a bootstrapping process, starting with semantic seeds. Two small experiments have been carried out for the parsing pipeline and the relation extraction stage.

null

67,233

inproceedings

schabus-etal-2014-mmascs

The {MMASCS} multi-modal annotated synchronous corpus of audio, video, facial motion and tongue motion data of normal, fast and slow speech

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1198/

Schabus, Dietmar and Pucher, Michael and Hoole, Phil

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3411--3416

In this paper, we describe and analyze a corpus of speech data that we have recorded in multiple modalities simultaneously: facial motion via optical motion capturing, tongue motion via electro-magnetic articulography, as well as conventional video and high-quality audio. The corpus consists of 320 phonetically diverse sentences uttered by a male Austrian German speaker at normal, fast and slow speaking rate. We analyze the influence of speaking rate on phone durations and on tongue motion. Furthermore, we investigate the correlation between tongue and facial motion. The data corpus is available free of charge for research use, including phonetic annotations and a playback software which visualizes the 3D data, from the website \url{http://cordelia.ftw.at/mmascs}

null

67,234

inproceedings

polakova-etal-2014-genres

Genres in the {P}rague Discourse Treebank

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1199/

Pol{\'a}kov{\'a}, Lucie and J{\'i}nov{\'a}, Pavl{\'i}na and M{\'i}rovsk{\'y}, Ji{\v{r}}{\'i}

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1320--1326

We present the project of classification of Prague Discourse Treebank documents (Czech journalistic texts) for their genres. Our main interest lies in opening the possibility to observe how text coherence is realized in different types (in the genre sense) of language data and, in the future, in exploring the ways of using genres as a feature for multi-sentence-level language technologies. In the paper, we first describe the motivation and the concept of the genre annotation, and briefly introduce the Prague Discourse Treebank. Then, we elaborate on the process of manual annotation of genres in the treebank, from the annotators' manual work to post-annotation checks and to the inter-annotator agreement measurements. The annotated genres are subsequently analyzed together with discourse relations (already annotated in the treebank) {\textemdash} we present distributions of the annotated genres and results of studying distinctions of distributions of discourse relations across the individual genres.

null

67,235

inproceedings

pelemans-etal-2014-speech

Speech Recognition Web Services for {D}utch

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1200/

Pelemans, Joris and Demuynck, Kris and Van hamme, Hugo and Wambacq, Patrick

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3041--3044

In this paper we present 3 applications in the domain of Automatic Speech Recognition for Dutch, all of which are developed using our in-house speech recognition toolkit SPRAAK. The speech-to-text transcriber is a large vocabulary continuous speech recognizer, optimized for Southern Dutch. It is capable to select components and adjust parameters on the fly, based on the observed conditions in the audio and was recently extended with the capability of adding new words to the lexicon. The grapheme-to-phoneme converter generates possible pronunciations for Dutch words, based on lexicon lookup and linguistic rules. The speech-text alignment system takes audio and text as input and constructs a time aligned output where every word receives exact begin and end times. All three of the applications (and others) are freely available, after registration, as a web application on \url{http://www.spraak.org/webservice/} and in addition, can be accessed as a web service in automated tools.

null

67,236

inproceedings

costa-etal-2014-translation

Translation errors from {E}nglish to {P}ortuguese: an annotated corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1201/

Costa, Angela and Lu{\'i}s, Tiago and Coheur, Lu{\'i}sa

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1231--1234

Analysing the translation errors is a task that can help us finding and describing translation problems in greater detail, but can also suggest where the automatic engines should be improved. Having these aims in mind we have created a corpus composed of 150 sentences, 50 from the TAP magazine, 50 from a TED talk and the other 50 from the from the TREC collection of factoid questions. We have automatically translated these sentences from English into Portuguese using Google Translate and Moses. After we have analysed the errors and created the error annotation taxonomy, the corpus was annotated by a linguist native speaker of Portuguese. Although Google`s overall performance was better in the translation task (we have also calculated the BLUE and NIST scores), there are some error types that Moses was better at coping with, specially discourse level errors.

null

67,237

inproceedings

allah-boulaknadel-2014-amazigh

{A}mazigh Verb Conjugator

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1202/

Allah, Fadoua Ataa and Boulaknadel, Siham

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1051--1055

With the aim of preserving the Amazigh heritage from being threatened with disappearance, it seems suitable to provide Amazigh with required resources to confront the stakes of access to the domain of New Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). In this context and in the perspective to build linguistic resources and natural language processing tools for this language, we have undertaken to develop an online conjugating tool that generates the inflectional forms of the Amazigh verbs. This tool is based on novel linguistically motivated morphological rules describing the verbal paradigm for all the Moroccan Amazigh varieties. Furthermore, it is based on the notion of morphological tree structure and uses transformational rules which are attached to the leaf nodes. Each rule may have numerous mutually exclusive clauses, where each part of a clause is a regular expression pattern that is matched against the radical pattern. This tool is an interactive conjugator that provides exhaustive coverage of linguistically accurate conjugation paradigms for over 3584 Armazigh verbs. It has been made simple and easy to use and designed from the ground up to be a highly effective learning aid that stimulates a desire to learn.

null

67,238

inproceedings

kamocki-2014-liability

The liability of service providers in e-Research Infrastructures: killing the messenger?

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1203/

Kamocki, Pawel

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4220--4224

Hosting Providers play an essential role in the development of Internet services such as e-Research Infrastructures. In order to promote the development of such services, legislators on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean introduced safe harbour provisions to protect Service Providers (a category which includes Hosting Providers) from legal claims (e.g. of copyright infringement). Relevant provisions can be found in {\^A}{\textsection} 512 of the United States Copyright Act and in art. 14 of the Directive 2000/31/EC (and its national implementations). The cornerstone of this framework is the passive role of the Hosting Provider through which he has no knowledge of the content that he hosts. With the arrival of Web 2.0, however, the role of Hosting Providers on the Internet changed; this change has been reflected in court decisions that have reached varying conclusions in the last few years. The purpose of this article is to present the existing framework (including recent case law from the US, Germany and France).

null

67,239

inproceedings

pradet-etal-2014-adapting

Adapting {V}erb{N}et to {F}rench using existing resources

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1204/

Pradet, Quentin and Danlos, Laurence and de Chalendar, Ga{\"el

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1122--1126

VerbNet is an English lexical resource for verbs that has proven useful for English NLP due to its high coverage and coherent classification. Such a resource doesnt exist for other languages, despite some (mostly automatic and unsupervised) attempts. We show how to semi-automatically adapt VerbNet using existing resources designed for di{\"i{\textlnoterent purposes. This study focuses on French and uses two French resources: a semantic lexicon (Les Verbes Fran{\c{cais) and a syntactic lexicon (Lexique-Grammaire).

null

67,240

inproceedings

loaiciga-etal-2014-english

{E}nglish-{F}rench Verb Phrase Alignment in {E}uroparl for Tense Translation Modeling

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1205/

Lo{\'a}iciga, Sharid and Meyer, Thomas and Popescu-Belis, Andrei

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

674--681

This paper presents a method for verb phrase (VP) alignment in an English-French parallel corpus and its use for improving statistical machine translation (SMT) of verb tenses. The method starts from automatic word alignment performed with GIZA++, and relies on a POS tagger and a parser, in combination with several heuristics, in order to identify non-contiguous components of VPs, and to label the aligned VPs with their tense and voice on each side. This procedure is applied to the Europarl corpus, leading to the creation of a smaller, high-precision parallel corpus with about 320,000 pairs of finite VPs, which is made publicly available. This resource is used to train a tense predictor for translation from English into French, based on a large number of surface features. Three MT systems are compared: (1) a baseline phrase-based SMT; (2) a tense-aware SMT system using the above predictions within a factored translation model; and (3) a system using oracle predictions from the aligned VPs. For several tenses, such as the French {\textquotedblleft}imparfait{\textquotedblright}, the tense-aware SMT system improves significantly over the baseline and is closer to the oracle system.

null

67,241

inproceedings

oostdijk-van-den-heuvel-2014-evolving

The evolving infrastructure for language resources and the role for data scientists

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1206/

Oostdijk, Nelleke and van den Heuvel, Henk

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

608--612

In the context of ongoing developments as regards the creation of a sustainable, interoperable language resource infrastructure and spreading ideas of the need for open access, not only of research publications but also of the underlying data, various issues present themselves which require that different stakeholders reconsider their positions. In the present paper we relate the experiences from the CLARIN-NL data curation service (DCS) over the two years that it has been operational, and the future role we envisage for expertise centres like the DCS in the evolving infrastructure.

null

67,242