polygraf-ai/ACL-abstracts · Datasets at Hugging Face

inproceedings

blessing-kuhn-2014-textual

Textual Emigration Analysis ({TEA})

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1007/

Blessing, Andre and Kuhn, Jonas

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2089--2093

We present a web-based application which is called TEA (Textual Emigration Analysis) as a showcase that applies textual analysis for the humanities. The TEA tool is used to transform raw text input into a graphical display of emigration source and target countries (under a global or an individual perspective). It provides emigration-related frequency information, and gives access to individual textual sources, which can be downloaded by the user. Our application is built on top of the CLARIN infrastructure which targets researchers of the humanities. In our scenario, we focus on historians, literary scientists, and other social scientists that are interested in the semantic interpretation of text. Our application processes a large set of documents to extract information about people who emigrated. The current implementation integrates two data sets: A data set from the Global Migrant Origin Database, which does not need additional processing, and a data set which was extracted from the German Wikipedia edition. The TEA tool can be accessed by using the following URL: \url{http://clarin01.ims.uni-stuttgart.de/geovis/showcase.html}

null

67,043

inproceedings

wang-etal-2014-phoneme

Phoneme Set Design Using {E}nglish Speech Database by {J}apanese for Dialogue-Based {E}nglish {CALL} Systems

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1008/

Wang, Xiaoyun and Zhang, Jinsong and Nishida, Masafumi and Yamamoto, Seiichi

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3948--3951

This paper describes a method of generating a reduced phoneme set for dialogue-based computer assisted language learning (CALL)systems. We designed a reduced phoneme set consisting of classified phonemes more aligned with the learners speech characteristics than the canonical set of a target language. This reduced phoneme set provides an inherently more appropriate model for dealing with mispronunciation by second language speakers. In this study, we used a phonetic decision tree (PDT)-based top-down sequential splitting method to generate the reduced phoneme set and then applied this method to a translation-game type English CALL system for Japanese to determine its effectiveness. Experimental results showed that the proposed method improves the performance of recognizing non-native speech.

null

67,044

inproceedings

fraisse-paroubek-2014-toward

Toward a unifying model for Opinion, Sentiment and Emotion information extraction

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1009/

Fraisse, Amel and Paroubek, Patrick

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3881--3886

This paper presents a logical formalization of a set 20 semantic categories related to opinion, emotion and sentiment. Our formalization is based on the BDI model (Belief, Desire and Intetion) and constitues a first step toward a unifying model for subjective information extraction. The separability of the subjective classes that we propose was assessed both formally and on two subjective reference corpora.

null

67,045

inproceedings

trippel-etal-2014-towards

Towards automatic quality assessment of component metadata

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1010/

Trippel, Thorsten and Broeder, Daan and Durco, Matej and Ohren, Oddrun

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3851--3856

Measuring the quality of metadata is only possible by assessing the quality of the underlying schema and the metadata instance. We propose some factors that are measurable automatically for metadata according to the CMD framework, taking into account the variability of schemas that can be defined in this framework. The factors include among others the number of elements, the (re-)use of reusable components, the number of filled in elements. The resulting score can serve as an indicator of the overall quality of the CMD instance, used for feedback to metadata providers or to provide an overview of the overall quality of metadata within a reposi-tory. The score is independent of specific schemas and generalizable. An overall assessment of harvested metadata is provided in form of statistical summaries and the distribution, based on a corpus of harvested metadata. The score is implemented in XQuery and can be used in tools, editors and repositories.

null

67,046

inproceedings

bonial-etal-2014-propbank

{P}rop{B}ank: Semantics of New Predicate Types

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1011/

Bonial, Claire and Bonn, Julia and Conger, Kathryn and Hwang, Jena D. and Palmer, Martha

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3013--3019

This research focuses on expanding PropBank, a corpus annotated with predicate argument structures, with new predicate types; namely, noun, adjective and complex predicates, such as Light Verb Constructions. This effort is in part inspired by a sister project to PropBank, the Abstract Meaning Representation project, which also attempts to capture who is doing what to whom in a sentence, but does so in a way that abstracts away from syntactic structures. For example, alternate realizations of a {\textquoteleft}destroying' event in the form of either the verb {\textquoteleft}destroy' or the noun {\textquoteleft}destruction' would receive the same Abstract Meaning Representation. In order for PropBank to reach the same level of coverage and continue to serve as the bedrock for Abstract Meaning Representation, predicate types other than verbs, which have previously gone without annotation, must be annotated. This research describes the challenges therein, including the development of new annotation practices that walk the line between abstracting away from language-particular syntactic facts to explore deeper semantics, and maintaining the connection between semantics and syntactic structures that has proven to be very valuable for PropBank as a corpus of training data for Natural Language Processing applications.

null

67,047

inproceedings

wright-2014-restful

{REST}ful Annotation and Efficient Collaboration

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1012/

Wright, Jonathan

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1692--1698

As linguistic collection and annotation scale up and collaboration across sites increases, novel technologies are necessary to support projects. Recent events at LDC, namely the move to a web-based infrastructure, the formation of the Software Group, and our involvement in the NSF LAPPS Grid project, have converged on concerns of efficient collaboration. The underlying design of the Web, typically referred to as RESTful principles, is crucial for collaborative annotation, providing data and processing services, and participating in the Linked Data movement. This paper outlines recommendations that will facilitate such collaboration.

null

67,048

inproceedings

buschmeier-etal-2014-alico

{ALICO}: a multimodal corpus for the study of active listening

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1013/

Buschmeier, Hendrik and Malisz, Zofia and Skubisz, Joanna and Wlodarczak, Marcin and Wachsmuth, Ipke and Kopp, Stefan and Wagner, Petra

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3638--3643

The Active Listening Corpus (ALICO) is a multimodal database of spontaneous dyadic conversations with diverse speech and gestural annotations of both dialogue partners. The annotations consist of short feedback expression transcription with corresponding communicative function interpretation as well as segmentation of interpausal units, words, rhythmic prominence intervals and vowel-to-vowel intervals. Additionally, ALICO contains head gesture annotation of both interlocutors. The corpus contributes to research on spontaneous human{--}human interaction, on functional relations between modalities, and timing variability in dialogue. It also provides data that differentiates between distracted and attentive listeners. We describe the main characteristics of the corpus and present the most important results obtained from analyses in recent years.

null

67,049

inproceedings

kobylinski-2014-polita

{P}oli{T}a: A multitagger for {P}olish

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1014/

Kobyli{\'n}ski, {\L}ukasz

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2949--2954

Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging is a crucial task in Natural Language Processing (NLP). POS tags may be assigned to tokens in text manually, by trained linguists, or using algorithmic approaches. Particularly, in the case of annotated text corpora, the quantity of textual data makes it unfeasible to rely on manual tagging and automated methods are used extensively. The quality of such methods is of critical importance, as even 1{\%} tagger error rate results in introducing millions of errors in a corpus consisting of a billion tokens. In case of Polish several POS taggers have been proposed to date, but even the best of the taggers achieves an accuracy of ca. 93{\%}, as measured on the one million subcorpus of the National Corpus of Polish (NCP). As the task of tagging is an example of classification, in this article we introduce a new POS tagger for Polish, which is based on the idea of combining several classifiers to produce higher quality tagging results than using any of the taggers individually.

null

67,050

inproceedings

jain-etal-2014-corpus

A Corpus of Participant Roles in Contentious Discussions

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1015/

Jain, Siddharth and Bhatia, Archna and Rein, Angelique and Hovy, Eduard

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1751--1756

The expansion of social roles is, nowadays, a fact due to the ability of users to interact, discuss, exchange ideas and opinions, and form social networks though social media. Users in online social environment play a variety of social roles. The concept of {\textquotedblleft}social role{\textquotedblright} has long been used in social science describe the intersection of behavioural, meaningful, and structural attributes that emerge regularly in particular settings. In this paper, we present a new corpus for social roles in online contentious discussions. We explore various behavioural attributes such as stubbornness, sensibility, influence, and ignorance to create a model of social roles to distinguish among various social roles participants assume in such setup. We annotate discussions drawn from two different sets of corpora in order to ensure that our model of social roles and their signals hold up in general. We discuss the various criteria for deciding values for each behavioural attributes which define the roles.

null

67,051

inproceedings

richardson-etal-2014-bilingual

Bilingual Dictionary Construction with Transliteration Filtering

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1016/

Richardson, John and Nakazawa, Toshiaki and Kurohashi, Sadao

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1013--1017

In this paper we present a bilingual transliteration lexicon of 170K Japanese-English technical terms in the scientific domain. Translation pairs are extracted by filtering a large list of transliteration candidates generated automatically from a phrase table trained on parallel corpora. Filtering uses a novel transliteration similarity measure based on a discriminative phrase-based machine translation approach. We demonstrate that the extracted dictionary is accurate and of high recall (F1 score 0.8). Our lexicon contains not only single words but also multi-word expressions, and is freely available. Our experiments focus on Katakana-English lexicon construction, however it would be possible to apply the proposed methods to transliteration extraction for a variety of language pairs.

null

67,052

inproceedings

cabarrao-etal-2014-revising

Revising the annotation of a Broadcast News corpus: a linguistic approach

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1017/

Cabarr{\~a}o, Vera and Moniz, Helena and Batista, Fernando and Ribeiro, Ricardo and Mamede, Nuno and Meinedo, Hugo and Trancoso, Isabel and Mata, Ana Isabel and de Matos, David Martins

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3908--3913

This paper presents a linguistic revision process of a speech corpus of Portuguese broadcast news focusing on metadata annotation for rich transcription, and reports on the impact of the new data on the performance for several modules. The main focus of the revision process consisted on annotating and revising structural metadata events, such as disfluencies and punctuation marks. The resultant revised data is now being extensively used, and was of extreme importance for improving the performance of several modules, especially the punctuation and capitalization modules, but also the speech recognition system, and all the subsequent modules. The resultant data has also been recently used in disfluency studies across domains.

null

67,053

inproceedings

takala-etal-2014-gold

Gold-standard for Topic-specific Sentiment Analysis of Economic Texts

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1018/

Takala, Pyry and Malo, Pekka and Sinha, Ankur and Ahlgren, Oskar

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2152--2157

Public opinion, as measured by media sentiment, can be an important indicator in the financial and economic context. These are domains where traditional sentiment estimation techniques often struggle, and existing annotated sentiment text collections are of less use. Though considerable progress has been made in analyzing sentiments at sentence-level, performing topic-dependent sentiment analysis is still a relatively uncharted territory. The computation of topic-specific sentiments has commonly relied on naive aggregation methods without much consideration to the relevance of the sentences to the given topic. Clearly, the use of such methods leads to a substantial increase in noise-to-signal ratio. To foster development of methods for measuring topic-specific sentiments in documents, we have collected and annotated a corpus of financial news that have been sampled from Thomson Reuters newswire. In this paper, we describe the annotation process and evaluate the quality of the dataset using a number of inter-annotator agreement metrics. The annotations of 297 documents and over 9000 sentences can be used for research purposes when developing methods for detecting topic-wise sentiment in financial text.

null

67,054

inproceedings

cavar-cavar-2014-visualization

Visualization of Language Relations and Families: {M}ulti{T}ree

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1019/

Cavar, Damir and Cavar, Malgorzata

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

698--701

MultiTree is an NFS-funded project collecting scholarly hypotheses about language relationships, and visualizing them on a web site in the form of trees or graphs. Two open online interfaces allow scholars, students, and the general public an easy access to search for language information or comparisons of competing hypotheses. One objective of the project was to facilitate research in historical linguistics. MultiTree has evolved to a much more powerful tool, it is not just a simple repository of scholarly information. In this paper we present the MultiTree interfaces and the impact of the project beyond the field of historical linguistics, including, among others, the use of standardized ISO language codes, and creating an interconnected database of language and dialect names, codes, publications, and authors. Further, we offer the dissemination of linguistic findings world-wide to both scholars and the general public, thus boosting the collaboration and accelerating the scientific exchange. We discuss also the ways MultiTree will develop beyond the time of the duration of the funding.

null

67,055

inproceedings

glavas-etal-2014-hieve

{H}i{E}ve: A Corpus for Extracting Event Hierarchies from News Stories

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1020/

Glava{\v{s}}, Goran and {\v{S}}najder, Jan and Moens, Marie-Francine and Kordjamshidi, Parisa

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3678--3683

In news stories, event mentions denote real-world events of different spatial and temporal granularity. Narratives in news stories typically describe some real-world event of coarse spatial and temporal granularity along with its subevents. In this work, we present HiEve, a corpus for recognizing relations of spatiotemporal containment between events. In HiEve, the narratives are represented as hierarchies of events based on relations of spatiotemporal containment (i.e., superevent{\textemdash}subevent relations). We describe the process of manual annotation of HiEve. Furthermore, we build a supervised classifier for recognizing spatiotemporal containment between events to serve as a baseline for future research. Preliminary experimental results are encouraging, with classifier performance reaching 58{\%} F1-score, only 11{\%} less than the inter annotator agreement.

null

67,056

inproceedings

pustejovsky-yocum-2014-image

Image Annotation with {ISO}-Space: Distinguishing Content from Structure

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1021/

Pustejovsky, James and Yocum, Zachary

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

426--431

Natural language descriptions of visual media present interesting problems for linguistic annotation of spatial information. This paper explores the use of ISO-Space, an annotation specification to capturing spatial information, for encoding spatial relations mentioned in descriptions of images. Especially, we focus on the distinction between references to representational content and structural components of images, and the utility of such a distinction within a compositional semantics. We also discuss how such a structure-content distinction within the linguistic annotation can be leveraged to compute further inferences about spatial configurations depicted by images with verbal captions. We construct a composition table to relate content-based relations to structure-based relations in the image, as expressed in the captions. While still preliminary, our initial results suggest that a weak composition table is both sound and informative for deriving new spatial relations.

null

67,057

inproceedings

galibert-etal-2014-etape

The {ETAPE} speech processing evaluation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1022/

Galibert, Olivier and Leixa, Jeremy and Adda, Gilles and Choukri, Khalid and Gravier, Guillaume

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3995--3999

The ETAPE evaluation is the third evaluation in automatic speech recognition and associated technologies in a series which started with ESTER. This evaluation proposed some new challenges, by proposing TV and radio shows with prepared and spontaneous speech, annotation and evaluation of overlapping speech, a cross-show condition in speaker diarization, and new, complex but very informative named entities in the information extraction task. This paper presents the whole campaign, including the data annotated, the metrics used and the anonymized system results. All the data created in the evaluation, hopefully including system outputs, will be distributed through the ELRA catalogue in the future.

null

67,058

inproceedings

kamholz-etal-2014-panlex

{P}an{L}ex: Building a Resource for Panlingual Lexical Translation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1023/

Kamholz, David and Pool, Jonathan and Colowick, Susan

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3145--3150

PanLex, a project of The Long Now Foundation, aims to enable the translation of lexemes among all human languages in the world. By focusing on lexemic translations, rather than grammatical or corpus data, it achieves broader lexical and language coverage than related projects. The PanLex database currently documents 20 million lexemes in about 9,000 language varieties, with 1.1 billion pairwise translations. The project primarily engages in content procurement, while encouraging outside use of its data for research and development. Its data acquisition strategy emphasizes broad, high-quality lexical and language coverage. The project plans to add data derived from 4,000 new sources to the database by the end of 2016. The dataset is publicly accessible via an HTTP API and monthly snapshots in CSV, JSON, and XML formats. Several online applications have been developed that query PanLex data. More broadly, the project aims to make a contribution to the preservation of global linguistic diversity.

null

67,059

inproceedings

tufis-2014-large

Large {SMT} data-sets extracted from {W}ikipedia

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1024/

Tufi{\c{s}}, Dan

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

656--663

The article presents experiments on mining Wikipedia for extracting SMT useful sentence pairs in three language pairs. Each extracted sentence pair is associated with a cross-lingual lexical similarity score based on which, several evaluations have been conducted to estimate the similarity thresholds which allow the extraction of the most useful data for training three-language pairs SMT systems. The experiments showed that for a similarity score higher than 0.7 all sentence pairs in the three language pairs were fully parallel. However, including in the training sets less parallel sentence pairs (that is with a lower similarity score) showed significant improvements in the translation quality (BLEU-based evaluations). The optimized SMT systems were evaluated on unseen test-sets also extracted from Wikipedia. As one of the main goals of our work was to help Wikipedia contributors to translate (with as little post editing as possible) new articles from major languages into less resourced languages and vice-versa, we call this type of translation experiments in-genre translation. As in the case of in-domain translation, our evaluations showed that using only in-genre training data for translating same genre new texts is better than mixing the training data with out-of-genre (even) parallel texts.

null

67,060

inproceedings

de-paiva-etal-2014-nomlex

{N}om{L}ex-{PT}: A Lexicon of {P}ortuguese Nominalizations

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1025/

de Paiva, Valeria and Real, Livy and Rademaker, Alexandre and de Melo, Gerard

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2851--2858

This paper presents NomLex-PT, a lexical resource describing Portuguese nominalizations. NomLex-PT connects verbs to their nominalizations, thereby enabling NLP systems to observe the potential semantic relationships between the two words when analysing a text. NomLex-PT is freely available and encoded in RDF for easy integration with other resources. Most notably, we have integrated NomLex-PT with OpenWordNet-PT, an open Portuguese Wordnet.

null

67,061

inproceedings

comelles-etal-2014-verta

{VERT}a: Facing a Multilingual Experience of a Linguistically-based {MT} Evaluation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1026/

Comelles, Elisabet and Atserias, Jordi and Arranz, Victoria and Castell{\'o}n, Irene and Ses{\'e}, Jordi

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2701--2707

There are several MT metrics used to evaluate translation into Spanish, although most of them use partial or little linguistic information. In this paper we present the multilingual capability of VERTa, an automatic MT metric that combines linguistic information at lexical, morphological, syntactic and semantic level. In the experiments conducted we aim at identifying those linguistic features that prove the most effective to evaluate adequacy in Spanish segments. This linguistic information is tested both as independent modules (to observe what each type of feature provides) and in a combinatory fastion (where different kinds of information interact with each other). This allows us to extract the optimal combination. In addition we compare these linguistic features to those used in previous versions of VERTa aimed at evaluating adequacy for English segments. Finally, experiments show that VERTa can be easily adapted to other languages than English and that its collaborative approach correlates better with human judgements on adequacy than other well-known metrics.

null

67,062

inproceedings

he-meyers-2014-corpus

Corpus and Method for Identifying Citations in Non-Academic Text

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1027/

He, Yifan and Meyers, Adam

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4316--4319

We attempt to identify citations in non-academic text such as patents. Unlike academic articles which often provide bibliographies and follow consistent citation styles, non-academic text cites scientific research in a more ad-hoc manner. We manually annotate citations in 50 patents, train a CRF classifier to find new citations, and apply a reranker to incorporate non-local information. Our best system achieves 0.83 F-score on 5-fold cross validation.

null

67,063

inproceedings

loza-etal-2014-building

Building a Dataset for Summarization and Keyword Extraction from Emails

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1028/

Loza, Vanessa and Lahiri, Shibamouli and Mihalcea, Rada and Lai, Po-Hsiang

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2441--2446

This paper introduces a new email dataset, consisting of both single and thread emails, manually annotated with summaries and keywords. A total of 349 emails and threads have been annotated. The dataset is our first step toward developing automatic methods for summarization and keyword extraction from emails. We describe the email corpus, along with the annotation interface, annotator guidelines, and agreement studies.

null

67,064

inproceedings

schmidek-barbosa-2014-improving

Improving Open Relation Extraction via Sentence Re-Structuring

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1029/

Schmidek, Jordan and Barbosa, Denilson

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3720--3723

Information Extraction is an important task in Natural Language Processing, consisting of finding a structured representation for the information expressed in natural language text. Two key steps in information extraction are identifying the entities mentioned in the text, and the relations among those entities. In the context of Information Extraction for the World Wide Web, unsupervised relation extraction methods, also called Open Relation Extraction (ORE) systems, have become prevalent, due to their effectiveness without domain-specific training data. In general, these systems exploit part-of-speech tags or semantic information from the sentences to determine whether or not a relation exists, and if so, its predicate. This paper discusses some of the issues that arise when even moderately complex sentences are fed into ORE systems. A process for re-structuring such sentences is discussed and evaluated. The proposed approach replaces complex sentences by several others that, together, convey the same meaning and are more amenable to extraction by current ORE systems. The results of an experimental evaluation show that this approach succeeds in reducing the processing time and increasing the accuracy of the state-of-the-art ORE systems.

null

67,065

inproceedings

soler-company-wanner-2014-use

How to Use less Features and Reach Better Performance in Author Gender Identification

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1030/

Soler Company, Juan and Wanner, Leo

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1315--1319

Over the last years, author profiling in general and author gender identification in particular have become a popular research area due to their potential attractive applications that range from forensic investigations to online marketing studies. However, nearly all state-of-the-art works in the area still very much depend on the datasets they were trained and tested on, since they heavily draw on content features, mostly a large number of recurrent words or combinations of words extracted from the training sets. We show that using a small number of features that mainly depend on the structure of the texts we can outperform other approaches that depend mainly on the content of the texts and that use a huge number of features in the process of identifying if the author of a text is a man or a woman. Our system has been tested against a dataset constructed for our work as well as against two datasets that were previously used in other papers.

null

67,066

inproceedings

mohler-etal-2014-semi

Semi-supervised methods for expanding psycholinguistics norms by integrating distributional similarity with the structure of {W}ord{N}et

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1031/

Mohler, Michael and Tomlinson, Marc and Bracewell, David and Rink, Bryan

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3020--3026

In this work, we present two complementary methods for the expansion of psycholinguistics norms. The first method is a random-traversal spreading activation approach which transfers existing norms onto semantically related terms using notions of synonymy, hypernymy, and pertainymy to approach full coverage of the English language. The second method makes use of recent advances in distributional similarity representation to transfer existing norms to their closest neighbors in a high-dimensional vector space. These two methods (along with a naive hybrid approach combining the two) have been shown to significantly outperform a state-of-the-art resource expansion system at our pilot task of imageability expansion. We have evaluated these systems in a cross-validation experiment using 8,188 norms found in existing pscholinguistics literature. We have also validated the quality of these combined norms by performing a small study using Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT).

null

67,067

inproceedings

jung-etal-2014-languagesindanger

Languagesindanger.eu - Including Multimedia Language Resources to disseminate Knowledge and Create Educational Material on less-Resourced Languages

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1032/

Jung, Dagmar and Klessa, Katarzyna and Duray, Zsuzsa and Oszk{\'o}, Beatrix and Sipos, M{\'a}ria and Szever{\'e}nyi, S{\'a}ndor and V{\'a}rnai, Zsuzsa and Trilsbeek, Paul and V{\'a}radi, Tam{\'a}s

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

530--535

The present paper describes the development of the languagesindanger.eu interactive website as an example of including multimedia language resources to{\^A} disseminate knowledge and create educational material on{\^A} less-resourced languages. The website is a product of INNET (Innovative networking in infrastructure for endangered languages), European FP7 project. Its main functions can be summarized as related to the three following areas: (1) raising students' awareness of language endangerment and arouse their interest in linguistic diversity, language maintenance and language documentation; (2) informing both students and teachers about these topics and show ways how they can enlarge their knowledge further with a special emphasis on information about language archives; (3) helping teachers include these topics into their classes. The website has been localized into five language versions with the intention to be accessible to both scientific and non-scientific communities such as (primarily) secondary school teachers and students, beginning university students of linguistics, journalists, the interested public, and also members of speech communities who speak minority languages.

null

67,068

inproceedings

andreeva-etal-2014-cross

A Cross-language Corpus for Studying the Phonetics and Phonology of Prominence

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1033/

Andreeva, Bistra and Barry, William and Koreman, Jacques

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

326--330

The present article describes a corpus which was collected for the cross-language comparison of prominence. In the data analysis, the acoustic-phonetic properties of words spoken with two different levels of accentuation (de-accented and nuclear accented in non-contrastive narrow-focus) are examined in question-answer elicited sentences and iterative imitations (on the syllable da) produced by Bulgarian, Russian, French, German and Norwegian speakers (3 male and 3 female per language). Normalized parameter values allow a comparison of the properties employed in differentiating the two levels of accentuation. Across the five languages there are systematic differences in the degree to which duration, f0, intensity and spectral vowel definition change with changing prominence under different focus conditions. The link with phonological differences between the languages is discussed.

null

67,069

inproceedings

sagot-2014-delex

{D}e{L}ex, a freely-avaible, large-scale and linguistically grounded morphological lexicon for {G}erman

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1034/

Sagot, Beno{\^i}t

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2778--2784

We introduce DeLex, a freely-avaible, large-scale and linguistically grounded morphological lexicon for German developed within the Alexina framework. We extracted lexical information from the German wiktionary and developed a morphological inflection grammar for German, based on a linguistically sound model of inflectional morphology. Although the developement of DeLex involved some manual work, we show that is represents a good tradeoff between development cost, lexical coverage and resource accuracy.

null

67,070

inproceedings

baumann-pierrehumbert-2014-using

Using Resource-Rich Languages to Improve Morphological Analysis of Under-Resourced Languages

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1035/

Baumann, Peter and Pierrehumbert, Janet

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3355--3359

The world-wide proliferation of digital communications has created the need for language and speech processing systems for under-resourced languages. Developing such systems is challenging if only small data sets are available, and the problem is exacerbated for languages with highly productive morphology. However, many under-resourced languages are spoken in multi-lingual environments together with at least one resource-rich language and thus have numerous borrowings from resource-rich languages. Based on this insight, we argue that readily available resources from resource-rich languages can be used to bootstrap the morphological analyses of under-resourced languages with complex and productive morphological systems. In a case study of two such languages, Tagalog and Zulu, we show that an easily obtainable English wordlist can be deployed to seed a morphological analysis algorithm from a small training set of conversational transcripts. Our method achieves a precision of 100{\%} and identifies 28 and 66 of the most productive affixes in Tagalog and Zulu, respectively.

null

67,071

inproceedings

bacciu-etal-2014-accommodations

Accommodations in Tuscany as Linked Data

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1036/

Bacciu, Clara and Duca, Angelica Lo and Marchetti, Andrea and Tesconi, Maurizio

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3542--3545

The OpeNER Linked Dataset (OLD) contains 19.140 entries about accommodations in Tuscany (Italy). For each accommodation, it describes the type, e.g. hotel, bed and breakfast, hostel, camping etc., and other useful information, such as a short description, the Web address, its location and the features it provides. OLD is the linked data version of the open dataset provided by Fondazione Sistema Toscana, the representative system for tourism in Tuscany. In addition, to the original dataset, OLD provides also the link of each accommodation to the most common social media (Facebook, Foursquare, Google Places and Booking). OLD exploits three common ontologies of the accommodation domain: Acco, Hontology and GoodRelations. The idea is to provide a flexible dataset, which speaks more than one ontology. OLD is available as a SPARQL node and is released under the Creative Commons release. Finally, OLD is developed within the OpeNER European project, which aims at building a set of ready to use tools to recognize and disambiguate entity mentions and perform sentiment analysis and opinion detection on texts. Within the project, OLD provides a named entity repository for entity disambiguation.

null

67,072

inproceedings

lenkiewicz-etal-2014-dwan

The {DWAN} framework: Application of a web annotation framework for the general humanities to the domain of language resources

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1037/

Lenkiewicz, Przemyslaw and Shkaravska, Olha and Goosen, Twan and Broeder, Daan and Windhouwer, Menzo and Roth, Stephanie and Olsson, Olof

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3644--3649

Researchers share large amounts of digital resources, which offer new chances for cooperation. Collaborative annotation systems are meant to support this. Often these systems are targeted at a specific task or domain, e.g., annotation of a corpus. The DWAN framework for web annotation is generic and can support a wide range of tasks and domains. A key feature of the framework is its support for caching representations of the annotated resource. This allows showing the context of the annotation even if the resource has changed or has been removed. The paper describes the design and implementation of the framework. Use cases provided by researchers are well in line with the key characteristics of the DWAN annotation framework.

null

67,073

inproceedings

van-hessen-etal-2014-croatian

{C}roatian Memories

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1038/

van Hessen, Arjan and de Jong, Franciska and Scagliola, Stef and Petrovic, Tanja

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3920--3926

In this contribution we describe a collection of approximately 400 video interviews recorded in the context of the project Croatian Memories (CroMe) with the objective of documenting personal war-related experiences. The value of this type of sources is threefold: they contain information that is missing in written sources, they can contribute to the process of reconciliation, and they provide a basis for reuse of data in disciplines with an interest in narrative data. The CroMe collection is not primarily designed as a linguistic corpus, but is the result of an archival effort to collect so-called oral history data. For researchers in the fields of natural language processing and speech analy{\^A}{\textlnot}sis this type of life-stories may function as an object trouv{\'e} containing real-life language data that can prove to be useful for the purpose of modelling specific aspects of human expression and communication.

null

67,074

inproceedings

lonsdale-christensen-2014-combining

Combining elicited imitation and fluency features for oral proficiency measurement

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1039/

Lonsdale, Deryle and Christensen, Carl

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1956--1961

The automatic grading of oral language tests has been the subject of much research in recent years. Several obstacles lie in the way of achieving this goal. Recent work suggests a testing technique called elicited imitation (EI) that can serve to accurately approximate global oral proficiency. This testing methodology, however, does not incorporate some fundamental aspects of language, such as fluency. Other work has suggested another testing technique, simulated speech (SS), as a supplement or an alternative to EI that can provide automated fluency metrics. In this work, we investigate a combination of fluency features extracted from SS tests and EI test scores as a means to more accurately predict oral language proficiency. Using machine learning and statistical modeling, we identify which features automatically extracted from SS tests best predicted hand-scored SS test results, and demonstrate the benefit of adding EI scores to these models. Results indicate that the combination of EI and fluency features do indeed more effectively predict hand-scored SS test scores. We finally discuss implications of this work for future automated oral testing scenarios.

null

67,075

inproceedings

smrz-kouril-2014-semantic

Semantic Search in Documents Enriched by {LOD}-based Annotations

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1040/

Smrz, Pavel and Kouril, Jan

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3724--3727

This paper deals with information retrieval on semantically enriched web-scale document collections. It particularly focuses on web-crawled content in which mentions of entities appearing in Freebase, DBpedia and other Linked Open Data resources have been identified. A special attention is paid to indexing structures and advanced query mechanisms that have been employed into a new semantic retrieval system. Scalability features are discussed together with performance statistics and results of experimental evaluation of presented approaches. Examples given to demonstrate key features of the developed solution correspond to the cultural heritage domain in which the results of our work have been primarily applied.

null

67,076

inproceedings

fiorelli-etal-2014-meta

A Meta-data Driven Platform for Semi-automatic Configuration of Ontology Mediators

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1041/

Fiorelli, Manuel and Pazienza, Maria Teresa and Stellato, Armando

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4178--4183

Ontology mediators often demand extensive configuration, or even the adaptation of the input ontologies for remedying unsupported modeling patterns. In this paper we propose MAPLE (MAPping Architecture based on Linguistic Evidences), an architecture and software platform that semi-automatically solves this configuration problem, by reasoning on metadata about the linguistic expressivity of the input ontologies, the available mediators and other components relevant to the mediation task. In our methodology mediators should access the input ontologies through uniform interfaces abstracting many low-level details, while depending on generic third-party linguistic resources providing external information. Given a pair of ontologies to reconcile, MAPLE ranks the available mediators according to their ability to exploit most of the input ontologies content, while coping with the exhibited degree of linguistic heterogeneity. MAPLE provides the chosen mediator with concrete linguistic resources and suitable implementations of the required interfaces. The resulting mediators are more robust, as they are isolated from many low-level issues, and their applicability and performance may increase over time as new and better resources and other components are made available. To sustain this trend, we foresee the use of the Web as a large scale repository.

null

67,077

inproceedings

deng-chrupala-2014-semantic

Semantic approaches to software component retrieval with {E}nglish queries

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1042/

Deng, Huijing and Chrupa{\l}a, Grzegorz

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3248--3252

Enabling code reuse is an important goal in software engineering, and it depends crucially on effective code search interfaces. We propose to ground word meanings in source code and use such language-code mappings in order to enable a search engine for programming library code where users can pose queries in English. We exploit the fact that there are large programming language libraries which are documented both via formally specified function or method signatures as well as descriptions written in natural language. Automatically learned associations between words in descriptions and items in signatures allows us to use queries formulated in English to retrieve methods which are not documented via natural language descriptions, only based on their signatures. We show that the rankings returned by our model substantially outperforms a strong term-matching baseline.

null

67,078

inproceedings

petasis-2014-ellogon

The Ellogon Pattern Engine: Context-free Grammars over Annotations

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1043/

Petasis, Georgios

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2460--2465

This paper presents the pattern engine that is offered by the Ellogon language engineering platform. This pattern engine allows the application of context-free grammars over annotations, which are metadata generated during the processing of documents by natural language tools. In addition, grammar development is aided by a graphical grammar editor, giving grammar authors the capability to test and debug grammars.

null

67,079

inproceedings

wolff-etal-2014-missed

Missed opportunities in translation memory matching

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1044/

Wolff, Friedel and Pretorius, Laurette and Buitelaar, Paul

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4401--4406

A translation memory system stores a data set of source-target pairs of translations. It attempts to respond to a query in the source language with a useful target text from the data set to assist a human translator. Such systems estimate the usefulness of a target text suggestion according to the similarity of its associated source text to the source text query. This study analyses two data sets in two language pairs each to find highly similar target texts, which would be useful mutual suggestions. We further investigate which of these useful suggestions can not be selected through source text similarity, and we do a thorough analysis of these cases to categorise and quantify them. This analysis provides insight into areas where the recall of translation memory systems can be improved. Specifically, source texts with an omission, and semantically very similar source texts are some of the more frequent cases with useful target text suggestions that are not selected with the baseline approach of simple edit distance between the source texts.

null

67,080

inproceedings

de-marneffe-etal-2014-universal

Universal {S}tanford dependencies: A cross-linguistic typology

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1045/

de Marneffe, Marie-Catherine and Dozat, Timothy and Silveira, Natalia and Haverinen, Katri and Ginter, Filip and Nivre, Joakim and Manning, Christopher D.

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4585--4592

Revisiting the now de facto standard Stanford dependency representation, we propose an improved taxonomy to capture grammatical relations across languages, including morphologically rich ones. We suggest a two-layered taxonomy: a set of broadly attested universal grammatical relations, to which language-specific relations can be added. We emphasize the lexicalist stance of the Stanford Dependencies, which leads to a particular, partially new treatment of compounding, prepositions, and morphology. We show how existing dependency schemes for several languages map onto the universal taxonomy proposed here and close with consideration of practical implications of dependency representation choices for NLP applications, in particular parsing.

null

67,081

inproceedings

swanson-etal-2014-getting

Getting Reliable Annotations for Sarcasm in Online Dialogues

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1046/

Swanson, Reid and Lukin, Stephanie and Eisenberg, Luke and Corcoran, Thomas and Walker, Marilyn

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4250--4257

The language used in online forums differs in many ways from that of traditional language resources such as news. One difference is the use and frequency of nonliteral, subjective dialogue acts such as sarcasm. Whether the aim is to develop a theory of sarcasm in dialogue, or engineer automatic methods for reliably detecting sarcasm, a major challenge is simply the difficulty of getting enough reliably labelled examples. In this paper we describe our work on methods for achieving highly reliable sarcasm annotations from untrained annotators on Mechanical Turk. We explore the use of a number of common statistical reliability measures, such as Kappa, Karger`s, Majority Class, and EM. We show that more sophisticated measures do not appear to yield better results for our data than simple measures such as assuming that the correct label is the one that a majority of Turkers apply.

null

67,082

inproceedings

hellrich-etal-2014-collaboratively

Collaboratively Annotating Multilingual Parallel Corpora in the Biomedical Domain{---}some {MANTRA}s

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1047/

Hellrich, Johannes and Clematide, Simon and Hahn, Udo and Rebholz-Schuhmann, Dietrich

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4033--4040

The coverage of multilingual biomedical resources is high for the English language, yet sparse for non-English languages{\textemdash}an observation which holds for seemingly well-resourced, yet still dramatically low-resourced ones such as Spanish, French or German but even more so for really under-resourced ones such as Dutch. We here present experimental results for automatically annotating parallel corpora and simultaneously acquiring new biomedical terminology for these under-resourced non-English languages on the basis of two types of language resources, namely parallel corpora (i.e. full translation equivalents at the document unit level) and (admittedly deficient) multilingual biomedical terminologies, with English as their anchor language. We automatically annotate these parallel corpora with biomedical named entities by an ensemble of named entity taggers and harmonize non-identical annotations the outcome of which is a so-called silver standard corpus. We conclude with an empirical assessment of this approach to automatically identify both known and new terms in multilingual corpora.

null

67,083

inproceedings

lee-etal-2014-importance

On the Importance of Text Analysis for Stock Price Prediction

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1048/

Lee, Heeyoung and Surdeanu, Mihai and MacCartney, Bill and Jurafsky, Dan

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1170--1175

We investigate the importance of text analysis for stock price prediction. In particular, we introduce a system that forecasts companies stock price changes (UP, DOWN, STAY) in response to financial events reported in 8-K documents. Our results indicate that using text boosts prediction accuracy over 10{\%} (relative) over a strong baseline that incorporates many financially-rooted features. This impact is most important in the short term (i.e., the next day after the financial event) but persists for up to five days.

null

67,084

inproceedings

escudero-etal-2014-use

On the use of a fuzzy classifier to speed up the {S}p{\_}{T}o{BI} labeling of the Glissando {S}panish corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1049/

Escudero, David and Aguilar-Cuevas, Lourdes and Gonz{\'a}lez-Ferreras, C{\'e}sar and Guti{\'e}rrez-Gonz{\'a}lez, Yurena and Carde{\~n}oso-Payo, Valent{\'i}n

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1962--1969

In this paper, we present the application of a novel automatic prosodic labeling methodology for speeding up the manual labeling of the Glissando corpus (Spanish read news items). The methodology is based on the use of soft classification techniques. The output of the automatic system consists on a set of label candidates per word. The number of predicted candidates depends on the degree of certainty assigned by the classifier to each of the predictions. The manual transcriber checks the sets of predictions to select the correct one. We describe the fundamentals of the fuzzy classification tool and its training with a corpus labeled with Sp TOBI labels. Results show a clear coherence between the most confused labels in the output of the automatic classifier and the most confused labels detected in inter-transcriber consistency tests. More importantly, in a preliminary test, the real time ratio of the labeling process was 1:66 when the template of predictions is used and 1:80 when it is not.

null

67,085

inproceedings

san-martin-lhomme-2014-definition

Definition patterns for predicative terms in specialized lexical resources

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1050/

San Mart{\'i}n, Antonio and L{'}Homme, Marie-Claude

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3748--3755

The research presented in this paper is part of a larger project on the semi-automatic generation of definitions of semantically-related terms in specialized resources. The work reported here involves the formulation of instructions to generate the definitions of sets of morphologically-related predicative terms, based on the definition of one of the members of the set. In many cases, it is assumed that the definition of a predicative term can be inferred by combining the definition of a related lexical unit with the information provided by the semantic relation (i.e. lexical function) that links them. In other words, terminographers only need to know the definition of {\textquotedblleft}pollute{\textquotedblright} and the semantic relation that links it to other morphologically-related terms ({\textquotedblleft}polluter{\textquotedblright}, {\textquotedblleft}polluting{\textquotedblright}, {\textquotedblleft}pollutant{\textquotedblright}, etc.) in order to create the definitions of the set. The results show that rules can be used to generate a preliminary set of definitions (based on specific lexical functions). They also show that more complex rules would need to be devised for other morphological pairs.

null

67,086

inproceedings

jiang-etal-2014-native

Native Language Identification Using Large, Longitudinal Data

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1051/

Jiang, Xiao and Guo, Yufan and Geertzen, Jeroen and Alexopoulou, Dora and Sun, Lin and Korhonen, Anna

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3309--3312

Native Language Identification (NLI) is a task aimed at determining the native language (L1) of learners of second language (L2) on the basis of their written texts. To date, research on NLI has focused on relatively small corpora. We apply NLI to the recently released EFCamDat corpus which is not only multiple times larger than previous L2 corpora but also provides longitudinal data at several proficiency levels. Our investigation using accurate machine learning with a wide range of linguistic features reveals interesting patterns in the longitudinal data which are useful for both further development of NLI and its application to research on L2 acquisition.

null

67,087

inproceedings

luo-lepage-2014-production

Production of Phrase Tables in 11 {E}uropean Languages using an Improved Sub-sentential Aligner

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1052/

Luo, Juan and Lepage, Yves

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

664--669

This paper is a partial report of an on-going Kakenhi project which aims to improve sub-sentential alignment and release multilingual syntactic patterns for statistical and example-based machine translation. Here we focus on improving a sub-sentential aligner which is an instance of the association approach. Phrase table is not only an essential component in the machine translation systems but also an important resource for research and usage in other domains. As part of this project, all phrase tables produced in the experiments will also be made freely available.

null

67,088

inproceedings

garcia-fernandez-etal-2014-construction

Construction and Annotation of a {F}rench Folkstale Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1053/

Garcia-Fernandez, Anne and Ligozat, Anne-Laure and Vilnat, Anne

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2430--2435

In this paper, we present the digitization and annotation of a tales corpus - which is to our knowledge the only French tales corpus available and classified according to the Aarne{\&}Thompson classification - composed of historical texts (with old French parts). We first studied whether the pre-processing tools, namely OCR and PoS-tagging, have good enough accuracies to allow automatic analysis. We also manually annotated this corpus according to several types of information which could prove useful for future work: character references, episodes, and motifs. The contributions are the creation of an corpus of French tales from classical anthropology material, which will be made available to the community; the evaluation of OCR and NLP tools on this corpus; and the annotation with anthropological information.

null

67,089

inproceedings

bizzoni-etal-2014-making

The Making of {A}ncient {G}reek {W}ord{N}et

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1054/

Bizzoni, Yuri and Boschetti, Federico and Diakoff, Harry and Del Gratta, Riccardo and Monachini, Monica and Crane, Gregory

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1140--1147

This paper describes the process of creation and review of a new lexico-semantic resource for the classical studies: AncientGreekWordNet. The candidate sets of synonyms (synsets) are extracted from Greek-English dictionaries, on the assumption that Greek words translated by the same English word or phrase have a high probability of being synonyms or at least semantically closely related. The process of validation and the web interface developed to edit and query the resource are described in detail. The lexical coverage of Ancient Greek WordNet is illustrated and the accuracy is evaluated. Finally, scenarios for exploiting the resource are discussed.

null

67,090

inproceedings

xia-etal-2014-enriching

Enriching {ODIN}

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1055/

Xia, Fei and Lewis, William and Goodman, Michael Wayne and Crowgey, Joshua and Bender, Emily M.

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3151--3157

In this paper, we describe the expansion of the ODIN resource, a database containing many thousands of instances of Interlinear Glossed Text (IGT) for over a thousand languages harvested from scholarly linguistic papers posted to the Web. A database containing a large number of instances of IGT, which are effectively richly annotated and heuristically aligned bitexts, provides a unique resource for bootstrapping NLP tools for resource-poor languages. To make the data in ODIN more readily consumable by tool developers and NLP researchers, we propose a new XML format for IGT, called Xigt. We call the updated release ODIN-II.

null

67,091

inproceedings

cetinoglu-2014-turkish

{T}urkish Treebank as a Gold Standard for Morphological Disambiguation and Its Influence on Parsing

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1056/

{\c{Cetino{\u{glu, {\"Ozlem

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3360--3365

So far predicted scenarios for Turkish dependency parsing have used a morphological disambiguator that is trained on the data distributed with the tool(Sak et al., 2008). Although models trained on this data have high accuracy scores on the test and development data of the same set, the accuracy drastically drops when the model is used in the preprocessing of Turkish Treebank parsing experiments. We propose to use the Turkish Treebank(Oflazer et al., 2003) as a morphological resource to overcome this problem and convert the treebank to the morphological disambiguators format. The experimental results show that we achieve improvements in disambiguating the Turkish Treebank and the results also carry over to parsing. With the help of better morphological analysis, we present the best labelled dependency parsing scores to date on Turkish.

null

67,092

inproceedings

sojat-etal-2014-croderiv

{C}ro{D}eri{V}: a new resource for processing {C}roatian morphology

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1057/

{\v{S}}ojat, Kre{\v{s}}imir and Sreba{\v{c}}i{\'c}, Matea and Tadi{\'c}, Marko and Paveli{\'c}, Tin

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3366--3370

The paper deals with the processing of Croatian morphology and presents CroDeriV {\textemdash} a newly developed language resource that contains data about morphological structure and derivational relatedness of verbs in Croatian. In its present shape, CroDeriV contains 14 192 Croatian verbs. Verbs in CroDeriV are analyzed for morphemes and segmented into lexical, derivational and inflectional morphemes. The structure of CroDeriV enables the detection of verbal derivational families in Croatian as well as the distribution and frequency of particular affixes and lexical morphemes. Derivational families consist of a verbal base form and all prefixed or suffixed derivatives detected in available machine readable Croatian dictionaries and corpora. Language data structured in this way was further used for the expansion of other language resources for Croatian, such as Croatian WordNet and the Croatian Morphological Lexicon. Matching the data from CroDeriV on one side and Croatian WordNet and the Croatian Morphological Lexicon on the other resulted in significant enrichment of Croatian WordNet and enlargement of the Croatian Morphological Lexicon.

null

67,093

inproceedings

yamaguchi-2014-building

Building a Database of {J}apanese Adjective Examples from Special Purpose Web Corpora

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1058/

Yamaguchi, Masaya

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3684--3688

It is often difficult to collect many examples for low-frequency words from a single general purpose corpus. In this paper, I present a method of building a database of Japanese adjective examples from special purpose Web corpora (SPW corpora) and investigates the characteristics of examples in the database by comparison with examples that are collected from a general purpose Web corpus (GPW corpus). My proposed method construct a SPW corpus for each adjective considering to collect examples that have the following features: (i) non-bias, (ii) the distribution of examples extracted from every SPW corpus bears much similarity to that of examples extracted from a GPW corpus. The results of experiments shows the following: (i) my proposed method can collect many examples rapidly. The number of examples extracted from SPW corpora is more than 8.0 times (median value) greater than that from the GPW corpus. (ii) the distributions of co-occurrence words for adjectives in the database are similar to those taken from the GPW corpus.

null

67,094

inproceedings

christodoulides-2014-praaline

{P}raaline: Integrating Tools for Speech Corpus Research

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1059/

Christodoulides, George

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

31--34

This paper presents Praaline, an open-source software system for managing, annotating, analysing and visualising speech corpora. Researchers working with speech corpora are often faced with multiple tools and formats, and they need to work with ever-increasing amounts of data in a collaborative way. Praaline integrates and extends existing time-proven tools for spoken corpora analysis (Praat, Sonic Visualiser and a bridge to the R statistical package) in a modular system, facilitating automation and reuse. Users are exposed to an integrated, user-friendly interface from which to access multiple tools. Corpus metadata and annotations may be stored in a database, locally or remotely, and users can define the metadata and annotation structure. Users may run a customisable cascade of analysis steps, based on plug-ins and scripts, and update the database with the results. The corpus database may be queried, to produce aggregated data-sets. Praaline is extensible using Python or C++ plug-ins, while Praat and R scripts may be executed against the corpus data. A series of visualisations, editors and plug-ins are provided. Praaline is free software, released under the GPL license (www.praaline.org).

null

67,095

inproceedings

dannells-gruzitis-2014-extracting

Extracting a bilingual semantic grammar from {F}rame{N}et-annotated corpora

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1060/

Dann{\'e}lls, Dana and Gruzitis, Normunds

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2466--2473

We present the creation of an English-Swedish FrameNet-based grammar in Grammatical Framework. The aim of this research is to make existing framenets computationally accessible for multilingual natural language applications via a common semantic grammar API, and to facilitate the porting of such grammar to other languages. In this paper, we describe the abstract syntax of the semantic grammar while focusing on its automatic extraction possibilities. We have extracted a shared abstract syntax from {\textasciitilde}58,500 annotated sentences in Berkeley FrameNet (BFN) and {\textasciitilde}3,500 annotated sentences in Swedish FrameNet (SweFN). The abstract syntax defines 769 frame-specific valence patterns that cover 77,8{\%} examples in BFN and 74,9{\%} in SweFN belonging to the shared set of 471 frames. As a side result, we provide a unified method for comparing semantic and syntactic valence patterns across framenets.

null

67,096

inproceedings

braune-etal-2014-mapping

Mapping Between {E}nglish Strings and Reentrant Semantic Graphs

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1061/

Braune, Fabienne and Bauer, Daniel and Knight, Kevin

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4493--4498

We investigate formalisms for capturing the relation between semantic graphs and English strings. Semantic graph corpora have spurred recent interest in graph transduction formalisms, but it is not yet clear whether such formalisms are a good fit for natural language data{\textemdash}in particular, for describing how semantic reentrancies correspond to English pronouns, zero pronouns, reflexives, passives, nominalizations, etc. We introduce a data set that focuses on these problems, we build grammars to capture the graph/string relation in this data, and we evaluate those grammars for conciseness and accuracy.

null

67,097

inproceedings

rehbein-etal-2014-kiezdeutsch

The {K}iez{D}eutsch Korpus ({K}i{DK}o) Release 1.0

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1062/

Rehbein, Ines and Schalowski, S{\"oren and Wiese, Heike

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3927--3934

This paper presents the first release of the KiezDeutsch Korpus (KiDKo), a new language resource with multiparty spoken dialogues of Kiezdeutsch, a newly emerging language variety spoken by adolescents from multiethnic urban areas in Germany. The first release of the corpus includes the transcriptions of the data as well as a normalisation layer and part-of-speech annotations. In the paper, we describe the main features of the new resource and then focus on automatic POS tagging of informal spoken language. Our tagger achieves an accuracy of nearly 97{\%} on KiDKo. While we did not succeed in further improving the tagger using ensemble tagging, we present our approach to using the tagger ensembles for identifying error patterns in the automatically tagged data.

null

67,098

inproceedings

de-melo-2014-etymological

Etymological {W}ordnet: Tracing The History of Words

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1063/

de Melo, Gerard

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1148--1154

Research on the history of words has led to remarkable insights about language and also about the history of human civilization more generally. This paper presents the Etymological Wordnet, the first database that aims at making word origin information available as a large, machine-readable network of words in many languages. The information in this resource is obtained from Wiktionary. Extracting a network of etymological information from Wiktionary requires significant effort, as much of the etymological information is only given in prose. We rely on custom pattern matching techniques and mine a large network with over 500,000 word origin links as well as over 2 million derivational/compositional links.

null

67,099

inproceedings

rosen-etal-2014-interplay

The Interplay Between Lexical and Syntactic Resources in Incremental Parsebanking

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1064/

Ros{\'e}n, Victoria and Haugereid, Petter and Thunes, Martha and Losnegaard, Gyri S. and Dyvik, Helge

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1617--1624

Automatic syntactic analysis of a corpus requires detailed lexical and morphological information that cannot always be harvested from traditional dictionaries. In building the INESS Norwegian treebank, it is often the case that necessary lexical information is missing in the morphology or lexicon. The approach used to build the treebank is incremental parsebanking; a corpus is parsed with an existing grammar, and the analyses are efficiently disambiguated by annotators. When the intended analysis is unavailable after parsing, the reason is often that necessary information is not available in the lexicon. INESS has therefore implemented a text preprocessing interface where annotators can enter unrecognized words before parsing. This may concern words that are unknown to the morphology and/or lexicon, and also words that are known, but for which important information is missing. When this information is added, either during text preprocessing or during disambiguation, the result is that after reparsing the intended analysis can be chosen and stored in the treebank. The lexical information added to the lexicon in this way may be of great interest both to lexicographers and to other language technology efforts, and the enriched lexical resource being developed will be made available at the end of the project.

null

67,100

inproceedings

rak-etal-2014-interoperability

Interoperability and Customisation of Annotation Schemata in Argo

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1065/

Rak, Rafal and Carter, Jacob and Rowley, Andrew and Batista-Navarro, Riza Theresa and Ananiadou, Sophia

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3837--3842

The process of annotating text corpora involves establishing annotation schemata which define the scope and depth of an annotation task at hand. We demonstrate this activity in Argo, a Web-based workbench for the analysis of textual resources, which facilitates both automatic and manual annotation. Annotation tasks in the workbench are defined by building workflows consisting of a selection of available elementary analytics developed in compliance with the Unstructured Information Management Architecture specification. The architecture accommodates complex annotation types that may define primitive as well as referential attributes. Argo aids the development of custom annotation schemata and supports their interoperability by featuring a schema editor and specialised analytics for schemata alignment. The schema editor is a self-contained graphical user interface for defining annotation types. Multiple heterogeneous schemata can be aligned by including one of two type mapping analytics currently offered in Argo. One is based on a simple mapping syntax and, although limited in functionality, covers most common use cases. The other utilises a well established graph query language, SPARQL, and is superior to other state-of-the-art solutions in terms of expressiveness. We argue that the customisation of annotation schemata does not need to compromise their interoperability.

null

67,101

inproceedings

ogrodniczuk-etal-2014-polish

{P}olish Coreference Corpus in Numbers

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1066/

Ogrodniczuk, Maciej and Kope{\'c}, Mateusz and Savary, Agata

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3234--3238

This paper attempts a preliminary interpretation of the occurrence of different types of linguistic constructs in the manually-annotated Polish Coreference Corpus by providing analyses of various statistical properties related to mentions, clusters and near-identity links. Among others, frequency of mentions, zero subjects and singleton clusters is presented, as well as the average mention and cluster size. We also show that some coreference clustering constraints, such as gender or number agreement, are frequently not valid in case of Polish. The need for lemmatization for automatic coreference resolution is supported by an empirical study. Correlation between cluster and mention count within a text is investigated, with short characteristics of outlier cases. We also examine this correlation in each of the 14 text domains present in the corpus and show that none of them has abnormal frequency of outlier texts regarding the cluster/mention ratio. Finally, we report on our negative experiences concerning the annotation of the near-identity relation. In the conclusion we put forward some guidelines for the future research in the area.

null

67,102

inproceedings

silveira-etal-2014-gold

A Gold Standard Dependency Corpus for {E}nglish

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1067/

Silveira, Natalia and Dozat, Timothy and de Marneffe, Marie-Catherine and Bowman, Samuel and Connor, Miriam and Bauer, John and Manning, Chris

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2897--2904

We present a gold standard annotation of syntactic dependencies in the English Web Treebank corpus using the Stanford Dependencies formalism. This resource addresses the lack of a gold standard dependency treebank for English, as well as the limited availability of gold standard syntactic annotations for English informal text genres. We also present experiments on the use of this resource, both for training dependency parsers and for evaluating the quality of different versions of the Stanford Parser, which includes a converter tool to produce dependency annotation from constituency trees. We show that training a dependency parser on a mix of newswire and web data leads to better performance on that type of data without hurting performance on newswire text, and therefore gold standard annotations for non-canonical text can be a valuable resource for parsing. Furthermore, the systematic annotation effort has informed both the SD formalism and its implementation in the Stanford Parser`s dependency converter. In response to the challenges encountered by annotators in the EWT corpus, the formalism has been revised and extended, and the converter has been improved.

null

67,103

inproceedings

snajder-2014-derivbase

{D}eriv{B}ase.hr: A High-Coverage Derivational Morphology Resource for {C}roatian

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1068/

{\v{S}}najder, Jan

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3371--3377

Knowledge about derivational morphology has been proven useful for a number of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. We describe the construction and evaluation of DerivBase.hr, a large-coverage morphological resource for Croatian. DerivBase.hr groups 100k lemmas from web corpus hrWaC into 56k clusters of derivationally related lemmas, so-called derivational families. We focus on suffixal derivation between and within nouns, verbs, and adjectives. We propose two approaches: an unsupervised approach and a knowledge-based approach based on a hand-crafted morphology model but without using any additional lexico-semantic resources The resource acquisition procedure consists of three steps: corpus preprocessing, acquisition of an inflectional lexicon, and the induction of derivational families. We describe an evaluation methodology based on manually constructed derivational families from which we sample and annotate pairs of lemmas. We evaluate DerivBase.hr on the so-obtained sample, and show that the knowledge-based version attains good clustering quality of 81.2{\%} precision, 76.5{\%} recall, and 78.8{\%} F1 -score. As with similar resources for other languages, we expect DerivBase.hr to be useful for a number of NLP tasks.

null

67,104

inproceedings

scerri-etal-2014-extracting

Extracting Information for Context-aware Meeting Preparation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1069/

Scerri, Simon and Zadeh, Behrang Q. and Dabrowski, Maciej and Rivera, Ismael

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

120--124

People working in an office environment suffer from large volumes of information that they need to manage and access. Frequently, the problem is due to machines not being able to recognise the many implicit relationships between office artefacts, and also due to them not being aware of the context surrounding them. In order to expose these relationships and enrich artefact context, text analytics can be employed over semi-structured and unstructured content, including free text. In this paper, we explain how this strategy is applied and partly evaluated for a specific use-case: supporting the attendees of a calendar event to prepare for the meeting.

null

67,105

inproceedings

hong-etal-2014-repository

A Repository of State of the Art and Competitive Baseline Summaries for Generic News Summarization

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1070/

Hong, Kai and Conroy, John and Favre, Benoit and Kulesza, Alex and Lin, Hui and Nenkova, Ani

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1608--1616

In the period since 2004, many novel sophisticated approaches for generic multi-document summarization have been developed. Intuitive simple approaches have also been shown to perform unexpectedly well for the task. Yet it is practically impossible to compare the existing approaches directly, because systems have been evaluated on different datasets, with different evaluation measures, against different sets of comparison systems. Here we present a corpus of summaries produced by several state-of-the-art extractive summarization systems or by popular baseline systems. The inputs come from the 2004 DUC evaluation, the latest year in which generic summarization was addressed in a shared task. We use the same settings for ROUGE automatic evaluation to compare the systems directly and analyze the statistical significance of the differences in performance. We show that in terms of average scores the state-of-the-art systems appear similar but that in fact they produce very different summaries. Our corpus will facilitate future research on generic summarization and motivates the need for development of more sensitive evaluation measures and for approaches to system combination in summarization.

null

67,106

inproceedings

song-etal-2014-collecting

Collecting Natural {SMS} and Chat Conversations in Multiple Languages: The {BOLT} Phase 2 Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1071/

Song, Zhiyi and Strassel, Stephanie and Lee, Haejoong and Walker, Kevin and Wright, Jonathan and Garland, Jennifer and Fore, Dana and Gainor, Brian and Cabe, Preston and Thomas, Thomas and Callahan, Brendan and Sawyer, Ann

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1699--1704

The DARPA BOLT Program develops systems capable of allowing English speakers to retrieve and understand information from informal foreign language genres. Phase 2 of the program required large volumes of naturally occurring informal text (SMS) and chat messages from individual users in multiple languages to support evaluation of machine translation systems. We describe the design and implementation of a robust collection system capable of capturing both live and archived SMS and chat conversations from willing participants. We also discuss the challenges recruitment at a time when potential participants have acute and growing concerns about their personal privacy in the realm of digital communication, and we outline the techniques adopted to confront those challenges. Finally, we review the properties of the resulting BOLT Phase 2 Corpus, which comprises over 6.5 million words of naturally-occurring chat and SMS in English, Chinese and Egyptian Arabic.

null

67,107

inproceedings

laranjeira-etal-2014-comparing

Comparing the Quality of Focused Crawlers and of the Translation Resources Obtained from them

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1072/

Laranjeira, Bruno and Moreira, Viviane and Villavicencio, Aline and Ramisch, Carlos and Finatto, Maria Jos{\'e}

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3572--3578

Comparable corpora have been used as an alternative for parallel corpora as resources for computational tasks that involve domain-specific natural language processing. One way to gather documents related to a specific topic of interest is to traverse a portion of the web graph in a targeted way, using focused crawling algorithms. In this paper, we compare several focused crawling algorithms using them to collect comparable corpora on a specific domain. Then, we compare the evaluation of the focused crawling algorithms to the performance of linguistic processes executed after training with the corresponding generated corpora. Also, we propose a novel approach for focused crawling, exploiting the expressive power of multiword expressions.

null

67,108

inproceedings

tsvetkov-etal-2014-augmenting-english

Augmenting {E}nglish Adjective Senses with Supersenses

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1073/

Tsvetkov, Yulia and Schneider, Nathan and Hovy, Dirk and Bhatia, Archna and Faruqui, Manaal and Dyer, Chris

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4359--4365

We develop a supersense taxonomy for adjectives, based on that of GermaNet, and apply it to English adjectives in WordNet using human annotation and supervised classification. Results show that accuracy for automatic adjective type classification is high, but synsets are considerably more difficult to classify, even for trained human annotators. We release the manually annotated data, the classifier, and the induced supersense labeling of 12,304 WordNet adjective synsets.

null

67,109

inproceedings

buck-etal-2014-n

{N}-gram Counts and Language Models from the {C}ommon {C}rawl

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1074/

Buck, Christian and Heafield, Kenneth and van Ooyen, Bas

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3579--3584

We contribute 5-gram counts and language models trained on the Common Crawl corpus, a collection over 9 billion web pages. This release improves upon the Google n-gram counts in two key ways: the inclusion of low-count entries and deduplication to reduce boilerplate. By preserving singletons, we were able to use Kneser-Ney smoothing to build large language models. This paper describes how the corpus was processed with emphasis on the problems that arise in working with data at this scale. Our unpruned Kneser-Ney English 5-gram language model, built on 975 billion deduplicated tokens, contains over 500 billion unique n-grams. We show gains of 0.5-1.4 BLEU by using large language models to translate into various languages.

null

67,110

inproceedings

vor-der-bruck-etal-2014-collex

{C}ol{L}ex.en: Automatically Generating and Evaluating a Full-form Lexicon for {E}nglish

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1075/

vor der Br{\"uck, Tim and Mehler, Alexander and Islam, Zahurul

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3756--3760

The paper describes a procedure for the automatic generation of a large full-form lexicon of English. We put emphasis on two statistical methods to lexicon extension and adjustment: in terms of a letter-based HMM and in terms of a detector of spelling variants and misspellings. The resulting resource, {\textbackslash}collexen, is evaluated with respect to two tasks: text categorization and lexical coverage by example of the SUSANNE corpus and the {\textbackslash}openanc.

null

67,111

inproceedings

polajnar-etal-2014-evaluation

Evaluation of Simple Distributional Compositional Operations on Longer Texts

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1076/

Polajnar, Tamara and Rimell, Laura and Clark, Stephen

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4440--4443

Distributional semantic models have been effective at representing linguistic semantics at the word level, and more recently research has moved on to the construction of distributional representations for larger segments of text. However, it is not well understood how the composition operators that work well on short phrase-based models scale up to full-length sentences. In this paper we test several simple compositional methods on a sentence-length similarity task and discover that their performance peaks at fewer than ten operations. We also introduce a novel sentence segmentation method that reduces the number of compositional operations.

null

67,112

inproceedings

saggion-2014-creating

Creating Summarization Systems with {SUMMA}

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1077/

Saggion, Horacio

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4157--4163

Automatic text summarization, the reduction of a text to its essential content is fundamental for an on-line information society. Although many summarization algorithms exist, there are few tools or infrastructures providing capabilities for developing summarization applications. This paper presents a new version of SUMMA, a text summarization toolkit for the development of adaptive summarization applications. SUMMA includes algorithms for computation of various sentence relevance features and functionality for single and multidocument summarization in various languages. It also offers methods for content-based evaluation of summaries.

null

67,113

inproceedings

fokkens-etal-2014-biographynet

{B}iography{N}et: Methodological Issues when {NLP} supports historical research

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1078/

Fokkens, Antske and ter Braake, Serge and Ockeloen, Niels and Vossen, Piek and Leg{\^e}ne, Susan and Schreiber, Guus

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3728--3735

When NLP is used to support research in the humanities, new methodological issues come into play. NLP methods may introduce a bias in their analysis that can influence the results of the hypothesis a humanities scholar is testing. This paper addresses this issue in the context of BiographyNet a multi-disciplinary project involving NLP, Linked Data and history. We introduce the project to the NLP community. We argue that it is essential for historians to get insight into the provenance of information, including how information was extracted from text by NLP tools.

null

67,114

inproceedings

rousseau-etal-2014-enhancing

Enhancing the {TED}-{LIUM} Corpus with Selected Data for Language Modeling and More {TED} Talks

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1079/

Rousseau, Anthony and Del{\'e}glise, Paul and Est{\`e}ve, Yannick

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3935--3939

In this paper, we present improvements made to the TED-LIUM corpus we released in 2012. These enhancements fall into two categories. First, we describe how we filtered publicly available monolingual data and used it to estimate well-suited language models (LMs), using open-source tools. Then, we describe the process of selection we applied to new acoustic data from TED talks, providing additions to our previously released corpus. Finally, we report some experiments we made around these improvements.

null

67,115

inproceedings

dubey-etal-2014-enrichment

Enrichment of Bilingual Dictionary through News Stream Data

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1080/

Dubey, Ajay and Gupta, Parth and Varma, Vasudeva and Rosso, Paolo

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3761--3765

Bilingual dictionaries are the key component of the cross-lingual similarity estimation methods. Usually such dictionary generation is accomplished by manual or automatic means. Automatic generation approaches include to exploit parallel or comparable data to derive dictionary entries. Such approaches require large amount of bilingual data in order to produce good quality dictionary. Many time the language pair does not have large bilingual comparable corpora and in such cases the best automatic dictionary is upper bounded by the quality and coverage of such corpora. In this work we propose a method which exploits continuous quasi-comparable corpora to derive term level associations for enrichment of such limited dictionary. Though we propose our experiments for English and Hindi, our approach can be easily extendable to other languages. We evaluated dictionary by manually computing the precision. In experiments we show our approach is able to derive interesting term level associations across languages.

null

67,116

inproceedings

fiser-etal-2014-slowcrowd

slo{WC}rowd: A crowdsourcing tool for lexicographic tasks

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1081/

Fi{\v{s}}er, Darja and Tav{\v{c}}ar, Ale{\v{s}} and Erjavec, Toma{\v{z}}

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3471--3475

The paper presents sloWCrowd, a simple tool developed to facilitate crowdsourcing lexicographic tasks, such as error correction in automatically generated wordnets and semantic annotation of corpora. The tool is open-source, language-independent and can be adapted to a broad range of crowdsourcing tasks. Since volunteers who participate in our crowdsourcing tasks are not trained lexicographers, the tool has been designed to obtain multiple answers to the same question and compute the majority vote, making sure individual unreliable answers are discarded. We also make sure unreliable volunteers, who systematically provide unreliable answers, are not taken into account. This is achieved by measuring their accuracy against a gold standard, the questions from which are posed to the annotators on a regular basis in between the real question. We tested the tool in an extensive crowdsourcing task, i.e. error correction of the Slovene wordnet, the results of which are encouraging, motivating us to use the tool in other annotation tasks in the future as well.

null

67,117

inproceedings

shibata-etal-2014-large

A Large Scale Database of Strongly-related Events in {J}apanese

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1082/

Shibata, Tomohide and Kohama, Shotaro and Kurohashi, Sadao

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3283--3288

The knowledge about the relation between events is quite useful for coreference resolution, anaphora resolution, and several NLP applications such as dialogue system. This paper presents a large scale database of strongly-related events in Japanese, which has been acquired with our proposed method (Shibata and Kurohashi, 2011). In languages, where omitted arguments or zero anaphora are often utilized, such as Japanese, the coreference-based event extraction methods are hard to be applied, and so our method extracts strongly-related events in a two-phrase construct. This method first calculates the co-occurrence measure between predicate-arguments (events), and regards an event pair, whose mutual information is high, as strongly-related events. To calculate the co-occurrence measure efficiently, we adopt an association rule mining method. Then, we identify the remaining arguments by using case frames. The database contains approximately 100,000 unique events, with approximately 340,000 strongly-related event pairs, which is much larger than an existing automatically-constructed event database. We evaluated randomly-chosen 100 event pairs, and the accuracy was approximately 68{\%}.

null

67,118

inproceedings

francois-etal-2014-flelex

{FLEL}ex: a graded lexical resource for {F}rench foreign learners

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1083/

Fran{\c{c}}ois, Thomas and Gala, N{\`u}ria and Watrin, Patrick and Fairon, C{\'e}drick

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3766--3773

In this paper we present FLELex, the first graded lexicon for French as a foreign language (FFL) that reports word frequencies by difficulty level (according to the CEFR scale). It has been obtained from a tagged corpus of 777,000 words from available textbooks and simplified readers intended for FFL learners. Our goal is to freely provide this resource to the community to be used for a variety of purposes going from the assessment of the lexical difficulty of a text, to the selection of simpler words within text simplification systems, and also as a dictionary in assistive tools for writing.

null

67,119

inproceedings

hilgert-etal-2014-building

Building Domain Specific Bilingual Dictionaries

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1084/

Hilgert, Lucas and Lopes, Lucelene and Freitas, Artur and Vieira, Renata and Hogetop, Denise and Vanin, Aline

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2772--2777

This paper proposes a method to build bilingual dictionaries for specific domains defined by a parallel corpora. The proposed method is based on an original method that is not domain specific. Both the original and the proposed methods are constructed with previously available natural language processing tools. Therefore, this paper contribution resides in the choice and parametrization of the chosen tools. To illustrate the proposed method benefits we conduct an experiment over technical manuals in English and Portuguese. The results of our proposed method were analyzed by human specialists and our results indicates significant increases in precision for unigrams and muli-grams. Numerically, the precision increase is as big as 15{\%} according to our evaluation.

null

67,120

inproceedings

wisniewski-etal-2014-corpus

A Corpus of Machine Translation Errors Extracted from Translation Students Exercises

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1085/

Wisniewski, Guillaume and K{\"ubler, Natalie and Yvon, Fran{\c{cois

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3585--3588

In this paper, we present a freely available corpus of automatic translations accompanied with post-edited versions, annotated with labels identifying the different kinds of errors made by the MT system. These data have been extracted from translation students exercises that have been corrected by a senior professor. This corpus can be useful for training quality estimation tools and for analyzing the types of errors made MT system.

null

67,121

inproceedings

voss-etal-2014-finding

Finding {R}omanized {A}rabic Dialect in Code-Mixed Tweets

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1086/

Voss, Clare and Tratz, Stephen and Laoudi, Jamal and Briesch, Douglas

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2249--2253

Recent computational work on Arabic dialect identification has focused primarily on building and annotating corpora written in Arabic script. Arabic dialects however also appear written in Roman script, especially in social media. This paper describes our recent work developing tweet corpora and a token-level classifier that identifies a Romanized Arabic dialect and distinguishes it from French and English in tweets. We focus on Moroccan Darija, one of several spoken vernaculars in the family of Maghrebi Arabic dialects. Even given noisy, code-mixed tweets,the classifier achieved token-level recall of 93.2{\%} on Romanized Arabic dialect, 83.2{\%} on English, and 90.1{\%} on French. The classifier, now integrated into our tweet conversation annotation tool (Tratz et al. 2013), has semi-automated the construction of a Romanized Arabic-dialect lexicon. Two datasets, a full list of Moroccan Darija surface token forms and a table of lexical entries derived from this list with spelling variants, as extracted from our tweet corpus collection, will be made available in the LRE MAP.

null

67,122

inproceedings

auguin-fung-2014-co

Co-Training for Classification of Live or Studio Music Recordings

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1087/

Auguin, Nicolas and Fung, Pascale

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3650--3653

The fast-spreading development of online streaming services has enabled people from all over the world to listen to music. However, it is not always straightforward for a given user to find the {\textquotedblleft}right{\textquotedblright} song version he or she is looking for. As streaming services may be affected by the potential dissatisfaction among their customers, the quality of songs and the presence of tags (or labels) associated with songs returned to the users are very important. Thus, the need for precise and reliable metadata becomes paramount. In this work, we are particularly interested in distinguishing between live and studio versions of songs. Specifically, we tackle the problem in the case where very little-annotated training data are available, and demonstrate how an original co-training algorithm in a semi-supervised setting can alleviate the problem of data scarcity to successfully discriminate between live and studio music recordings.

null

67,123

inproceedings

tomlinson-etal-2014-mygoal

{\#}mygoal: Finding Motivations on {T}witter

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1088/

Tomlinson, Marc and Bracewell, David and Krug, Wayne and Hinote, David

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

469--474

Our everyday language reflects our psychological and cognitive state and effects the states of other individuals. In this contribution we look at the intersection between motivational state and language. We create a set of hashtags, which are annotated for the degree to which they are used by individuals to mark-up language that is indicative of a collection of factors that interact with an individual`s motivational state. We look for tags that reflect a goal mention, reward, or a perception of control. Finally, we present results for a language-model based classifier which is able to predict the presence of one of these factors in a tweet with between 69{\%} and 80{\%} accuracy on a balanced testing set. Our approach suggests that hashtags can be used to understand, not just the language of topics, but the deeper psychological and social meaning of a tweet.

null

67,124

inproceedings

graff-etal-2014-rats

The {RATS} Collection: Supporting {HLT} Research with Degraded Audio Data

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1089/

Graff, David and Walker, Kevin and Strassel, Stephanie and Ma, Xiaoyi and Jones, Karen and Sawyer, Ann

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1970--1977

The DARPA RATS program was established to foster development of language technology systems that can perform well on speaker-to-speaker communications over radio channels that evince a wide range in the type and extent of signal variability and acoustic degradation. Creating suitable corpora to address this need poses an equally wide range of challenges for the collection, annotation and quality assessment of relevant data. This paper describes the LDCs multi-year effort to build the RATS data collection, summarizes the content and properties of the resulting corpora, and discusses the novel problems and approaches involved in ensuring that the data would satisfy its intended use, to provide speech recordings and annotations for training and evaluating HLT systems that perform 4 specific tasks on difficult radio channels: Speech Activity Detection (SAD), Language Identification (LID), Speaker Identification (SID) and Keyword Spotting (KWS).

null

67,125

inproceedings

hokamp-etal-2014-modeling

Modeling Language Proficiency Using Implicit Feedback

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1090/

Hokamp, Chris and Mihalcea, Rada and Schuelke, Peter

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3983--3986

We describe the results of several experiments with interactive interfaces for native and L2 English students, designed to collect implicit feedback from students as they complete a reading activity. In this study, implicit means that all data is obtained without asking the user for feedback. To test the value of implicit feedback for assessing student proficiency, we collect features of user behavior and interaction, which are then used to train classification models. Based upon the feedback collected during these experiments, a students performance on a quiz and proficiency relative to other students can be accurately predicted, which is a step on the path to our goal of providing automatic feedback and unintrusive evaluation in interactive learning environments.

null

67,126

inproceedings

reschke-etal-2014-event

Event Extraction Using Distant Supervision

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1091/

Reschke, Kevin and Jankowiak, Martin and Surdeanu, Mihai and Manning, Christopher and Jurafsky, Daniel

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4527--4531

Distant supervision is a successful paradigm that gathers training data for information extraction systems by automatically aligning vast databases of facts with text. Previous work has demonstrated its usefulness for the extraction of binary relations such as a person`s employer or a film`s director. Here, we extend the distant supervision approach to template-based event extraction, focusing on the extraction of passenger counts, aircraft types, and other facts concerning airplane crash events. We present a new publicly available dataset and event extraction task in the plane crash domain based on Wikipedia infoboxes and newswire text. Using this dataset, we conduct a preliminary evaluation of four distantly supervised extraction models which assign named entity mentions in text to entries in the event template. Our results indicate that joint inference over sequences of candidate entity mentions is beneficial. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the Searn algorithm outperforms a linear-chain CRF and strong baselines with local inference.

null

67,127

inproceedings

ultes-etal-2014-first

First Insight into Quality-Adaptive Dialogue

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1092/

Ultes, Stefan and Dikme, H{\"useyin and Minker, Wolfgang

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

246--251

While Spoken Dialogue Systems have gained in importance in recent years, most systems applied in the real world are still static and error-prone. To overcome this, the user is put into the focus of dialogue management. Hence, an approach for adapting the course of the dialogue to Interaction Quality, an objective variant of user satisfaction, is presented in this work. In general, rendering the dialogue adaptive to user satisfaction enables the dialogue system to improve the course of the dialogue and to handle problematic situations better. In this contribution, we present a pilot study of quality-adaptive dialogue. By selecting the confirmation strategy based on the current IQ value, the course of the dialogue is adapted in order to improve the overall user experience. In a user experiment comparing three different confirmation strategies in a train booking domain, the adaptive strategy performs successful and is among the two best rated strategies based on the overall user experience.

null

67,128

inproceedings

toral-2014-tlaxcala

{TLAXCALA}: a multilingual corpus of independent news

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1093/

Toral, Antonio

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3689--3692

We acquire corpora from the domain of independent news from the Tlaxcala website. We build monolingual corpora for 15 languages and parallel corpora for all the combinations of those 15 languages. These corpora include languages for which only very limited such resources exist (e.g. Tamazight). We present the acquisition process in detail and we also present detailed statistics of the produced corpora, concerning mainly quantitative dimensions such as the size of the corpora per language (for the monolingual corpora) and per language pair (for the parallel corpora). To the best of our knowledge, these are the first publicly available parallel and monolingual corpora for the domain of independent news. We also create models for unsupervised sentence splitting for all the languages of the study.

null

67,129

inproceedings

wubben-etal-2014-creating

Creating and using large monolingual parallel corpora for sentential paraphrase generation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1094/

Wubben, Sander and van den Bosch, Antal and Krahmer, Emiel

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4292--4299

In this paper we investigate the automatic generation of paraphrases by using machine translation techniques. Three contributions we make are the construction of a large paraphrase corpus for English and Dutch, a re-ranking heuristic to use machine translation for paraphrase generation and a proper evaluation methodology. A large parallel corpus is constructed by aligning clustered headlines that are scraped from a news aggregator site. To generate sentential paraphrases we use a standard phrase-based machine translation (PBMT) framework modified with a re-ranking component (henceforth PBMT-R). We demonstrate this approach for Dutch and English and evaluate by using human judgements collected from 76 participants. The judgments are compared to two automatic machine translation evaluation metrics. We observe that as the paraphrases deviate more from the source sentence, the performance of the PBMT-R system degrades less than that of the word substitution baseline system.

null

67,130

inproceedings

yeka-etal-2014-benchmarking

Benchmarking of {E}nglish-{H}indi parallel corpora

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1095/

Yeka, Jayendra Rakesh and Kolachina, Prasanth and Sharma, Dipti Misra

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1812--1818

In this paper we present several parallel corpora for English{\^a}Hindi and talk about their natures and domains. We also discuss briefly a few previous attempts in MT for translation from English to Hindi. The lack of uniformly annotated data makes it difficult to compare these attempts and precisely analyze their strengths and shortcomings. With this in mind, we propose a standard pipeline to provide uniform linguistic annotations to these resources using state-of-art NLP technologies. We conclude the paper by presenting evaluation scores of different statistical MT systems on the corpora detailed in this paper for English{\^a}Hindi and present the proposed plans for future work. We hope that both these annotated parallel corpora resources and MT systems will serve as benchmarks for future approaches to MT in English{\^a}Hindi. This was and remains the main motivation for the attempts detailed in this paper.

null

67,131

inproceedings

dilsizian-etal-2014-new

A New Framework for Sign Language Recognition based on 3{D} Handshape Identification and Linguistic Modeling

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1096/

Dilsizian, Mark and Yanovich, Polina and Wang, Shu and Neidle, Carol and Metaxas, Dimitris

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1924--1929

Current approaches to sign recognition by computer generally have at least some of the following limitations: they rely on laboratory conditions for sign production, are limited to a small vocabulary, rely on 2D modeling (and therefore cannot deal with occlusions and off-plane rotations), and/or achieve limited success. Here we propose a new framework that (1) provides a new tracking method less dependent than others on laboratory conditions and able to deal with variations in background and skin regions (such as the face, forearms, or other hands); (2) allows for identification of 3D hand configurations that are linguistically important in American Sign Language (ASL); and (3) incorporates statistical information reflecting linguistic constraints in sign production. For purposes of large-scale computer-based sign language recognition from video, the ability to distinguish hand configurations accurately is critical. Our current method estimates the 3D hand configuration to distinguish among 77 hand configurations linguistically relevant for ASL. Constraining the problem in this way makes recognition of 3D hand configuration more tractable and provides the information specifically needed for sign recognition. Further improvements are obtained by incorporation of statistical information about linguistic dependencies among handshapes within a sign derived from an annotated corpus of almost 10,000 sign tokens.

null

67,132

inproceedings

addanki-wu-2014-evaluating

Evaluating Improvised Hip Hop Lyrics - Challenges and Observations

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1097/

Addanki, Karteek and Wu, Dekai

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4616--4623

We investigate novel challenges involved in comparing model performance on the task of improvising responses to hip hop lyrics and discuss observations regarding inter-evaluator agreement on judging improvisation quality. We believe the analysis serves as a first step toward designing robust evaluation strategies for improvisation tasks, a relatively neglected area to date. Unlike most natural language processing tasks, improvisation tasks suffer from a high degree of subjectivity, making it difficult to design discriminative evaluation strategies to drive model development. We propose a simple strategy with fluency and rhyming as the criteria for evaluating the quality of generated responses, which we apply to both our inversion transduction grammar based FREESTYLE hip hop challenge-response improvisation system, as well as various contrastive systems. We report inter-evaluator agreement for both English and French hip hop lyrics, and analyze correlation with challenge length. We also compare the extent of agreement in evaluating fluency with that of rhyming, and quantify the difference in agreement with and without precise definitions of evaluation criteria.

null

67,133

inproceedings

green-larasati-2014-votter

Votter Corpus: A Corpus of Social Polling Language

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1098/

Green, Nathan and Larasati, Septina Dian

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3693--3697

The Votter Corpus is a new annotated corpus of social polling questions and answers. The Votter Corpus is novel in its use of the mobile application format and novel in its coverage of specific demographics. With over 26,000 polls and close to 1 millions votes, the Votter Corpus covers everyday question and answer language, primarily for users who are female and between the ages of 13-24. The corpus is annotated by topic and by popularity of particular answers. The corpus contains many unique characteristics such as emoticons, common mobile misspellings, and images associated with many of the questions. The corpus is a collection of questions and answers from The Votter App on the Android operating system. Data is created solely on this mobile platform which differs from most social media corpora. The Votter Corpus is being made available online in XML format for research and non-commercial use. The Votter android app can be downloaded for free in most android app stores.

null

67,134

inproceedings

chen-ng-2014-sinocoreferencer

{S}ino{C}oreferencer: An End-to-End {C}hinese Event Coreference Resolver

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1099/

Chen, Chen and Ng, Vincent

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4532--4538

Compared to entity coreference resolution, there is a relatively small amount of work on event coreference resolution. Much work on event coreference was done for English. In fact, to our knowledge, there are no publicly available results on Chinese event coreference resolution. This paper describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of SinoCoreferencer, an end-to-end state-of-the-art ACE-style Chinese event coreference system. We have made SinoCoreferencer publicly available, in hope to facilitate the development of high-level Chinese natural language applications that can potentially benefit from event coreference information.

null

67,135

inproceedings

maamouri-etal-2014-developing

Developing an {E}gyptian {A}rabic Treebank: Impact of Dialectal Morphology on Annotation and Tool Development

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1100/

Maamouri, Mohamed and Bies, Ann and Kulick, Seth and Ciul, Michael and Habash, Nizar and Eskander, Ramy

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2348--2354

This paper describes the parallel development of an Egyptian Arabic Treebank and a morphological analyzer for Egyptian Arabic (CALIMA). By the very nature of Egyptian Arabic, the data collected is informal, for example Discussion Forum text, which we use for the treebank discussed here. In addition, Egyptian Arabic, like other Arabic dialects, is sufficiently different from Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) that tools and techniques developed for MSA cannot be simply transferred over to work on Egyptian Arabic work. In particular, a morphological analyzer for Egyptian Arabic is needed to mediate between the written text and the segmented, vocalized form used for the syntactic trees. This led to the necessity of a feedback loop between the treebank team and the analyzer team, as improvements in each area were fed to the other. Therefore, by necessity, there needed to be close cooperation between the annotation team and the tool development team, which was to their mutual benefit. Collaboration on this type of challenge, where tools and resources are limited, proved to be remarkably synergistic and opens the way to further fruitful work on Arabic dialects.

null

67,136

inproceedings

scheffler-2014-german

A {G}erman {T}witter Snapshot

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1101/

Scheffler, Tatjana

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2284--2289

We present a new corpus of German tweets. Due to the relatively small number of German messages on Twitter, it is possible to collect a virtually complete snapshot of German twitter messages over a period of time. In this paper, we present our collection method which produced a 24 million tweet corpus, representing a large majority of all German tweets sent in April, 2013. Further, we analyze this representative data set and characterize the German twitterverse. While German Twitter data is similar to other Twitter data in terms of its temporal distribution, German Twitter users are much more reluctant to share geolocation information with their tweets. Finally, the corpus collection method allows for a study of discourse phenomena in the Twitter data, structured into discussion threads.

null

67,137

inproceedings

hastie-belz-2014-comparative

A Comparative Evaluation Methodology for {NLG} in Interactive Systems

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1102/

Hastie, Helen and Belz, Anja

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4004--4011

Interactive systems have become an increasingly important type of application for deployment of NLG technology over recent years. At present, we do not yet have commonly agreed terminology or methodology for evaluating NLG within interactive systems. In this paper, we take steps towards addressing this gap by presenting a set of principles for designing new evaluations in our comparative evaluation methodology. We start with presenting a categorisation framework, giving an overview of different categories of evaluation measures, in order to provide standard terminology for categorising existing and new evaluation techniques. Background on existing evaluation methodologies for NLG and interactive systems is presented. The comparative evaluation methodology is presented. Finally, a methodology for comparative evaluation of NLG components embedded within interactive systems is presented in terms of the comparative evaluation methodology, using a specific task for illustrative purposes.

null

67,138

inproceedings

ohara-2014-relating

Relating Frames and Constructions in {J}apanese {F}rame{N}et

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1103/

Ohara, Kyoko

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2474--2477

Relations between frames and constructions must be made explicit in FrameNet-style linguistic resources such as Berkeley FrameNet (Fillmore {\&} Baker, 2010, Fillmore, Lee-Goldman {\&} Rhomieux, 2012), Japanese FrameNet (Ohara, 2013), and Swedish Constructicon (Lyngfelt et al., 2013). On the basis of analyses of Japanese constructions for the purpose of building a constructicon in the Japanese FrameNet project, this paper argues that constructions can be classified based on whether they evoke frames or not. By recognizing such a distinction among constructions, it becomes possible for FrameNet-style linguistic resources to have a proper division of labor between frame annotations and construction annotations. In addition to the three kinds of meaningless constructions which have been proposed already, this paper suggests there may be yet another subtype of constructions without meanings. Furthermore, the present paper adds support to the claim that there may be constructions without meanings (Fillmore, Lee-Goldman {\&} Rhomieux, 2012) in a current debate concerning whether all constructions should be seen as meaning-bearing (Goldberg, 2006: 166-182).

null

67,139

inproceedings

krieger-declerck-2014-tmo

{TMO} {---} The Federated Ontology of the {T}rend{M}iner Project

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1104/

Krieger, Hans-Ulrich and Declerck, Thierry

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4164--4171

This paper describes work carried out in the European project TrendMiner which partly deals with the extraction and representation of real time information from dynamic data streams. The focus of this paper lies on the construction of an integrated ontology, TMO, the TrendMiner Ontology, that has been assembled from several independent multilingual taxonomies and ontologies which are brought together by an interface specification, expressed in OWL. Within TrendMiner, TMO serves as a common language that helps to interlink data, delivered from both symbolic and statistical components of the TrendMiner system. Very often, the extracted data is supplied as quintuples, RDF triples that are extended by two further temporal arguments, expressing the temporal extent in which an atemporal statement is true. In this paper, we will also sneak a peek on the temporal entailment rules and queries that are built into the semantic repository hosting the data and which can be used to derive useful new information.

null

67,140

inproceedings

enguix-etal-2014-graph

A Graph-Based Approach for Computing Free Word Associations

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1105/

Enguix, Gemma Bel and Rapp, Reinhard and Zock, Michael

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3027--3033

A graph-based algorithm is used to analyze the co-occurrences of words in the British National Corpus. It is shown that the statistical regularities detected can be exploited to predict human word associations. The corpus-derived associations are evaluated using a large test set comprising several thousand stimulus/response pairs as collected from humans. The finding is that there is a high agreement between the two types of data. The considerable size of the test set allows us to split the stimulus words into a number of classes relating to particular word properties. For example, we construct six saliency classes, and for the words in each of these classes we compare the simulation results with the human data. It turns out that for each class there is a close relationship between the performance of our system and human performance. This is also the case for classes based on two other properties of words, namely syntactic and semantic word ambiguity. We interpret these findings as evidence for the claim that human association acquisition must be based on the statistical analysis of perceived language and that when producing associations the detected statistical regularities are replicated.

null

67,141

inproceedings

eiselen-puttkammer-2014-developing

Developing Text Resources for Ten {S}outh {A}frican Languages

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1106/

Eiselen, Roald and Puttkammer, Martin

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3698--3703

The development of linguistic resources for use in natural language processing is of utmost importance for the continued growth of research and development in the field, especially for resource-scarce languages. In this paper we describe the process and challenges of simultaneously developing multiple linguistic resources for ten of the official languages of South Africa. The project focussed on establishing a set of foundational resources that can foster further development of both resources and technologies for the NLP industry in South Africa. The development efforts during the project included creating monolingual unannotated corpora, of which a subset of the corpora for each language was annotated on token, orthographic, morphological and morphosyntactic layers. The annotated subsets includes both development and test sets and were used in the creation of five core-technologies, viz. a tokeniser, sentenciser, lemmatiser, part of speech tagger and morphological decomposer for each language. We report on the quality of these tools for each language and discuss the importance of the resources within the South African context.

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67,142