polygraf-ai/ACL-abstracts · Datasets at Hugging Face

inproceedings

farajian-etal-2016-fbks

{FBK}`s Neural Machine Translation Systems for {IWSLT} 2016

Cettolo, Mauro and Niehues, Jan and St{\"uker, Sebastian and Bentivogli, Luisa and Cattoni, Rolando and Federico, Marcello

dec # " 8-9"

2016

Seattle, Washington D.C

International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

https://aclanthology.org/2016.iwslt-1.15/

Farajian, M. Amin and Chatterjee, Rajen and Conforti, Costanza and Jalalvand, Shahab and Balaraman, Vevake and Di Gangi, Mattia A. and Ataman, Duygu and Turchi, Marco and Negri, Matteo and Federico, Marcello

Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Spoken Language Translation

null

In this paper, we describe FBK`s neural machine translation (NMT) systems submitted at the International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT) 2016. The systems are based on the state-of-the-art NMT architecture that is equipped with a bi-directional encoder and an attention mechanism in the decoder. They leverage linguistic information such as lemmas and part-of-speech tags of the source words in the form of additional factors along with the words. We compare performances of word and subword NMT systems along with different optimizers. Further, we explore different ensemble techniques to leverage multiple models within the same and across different networks. Several reranking methods are also explored. Our submissions cover all directions of the MSLT task, as well as en-{\{}de, fr{\}} and {\{}de, fr{\}}-en directions of TED. Compared to previously published best results on the TED 2014 test set, our models achieve comparable results on en-de and surpass them on en-fr (+2 BLEU) and fr-en (+7.7 BLEU) language pairs.

null

62,061

inproceedings

cho-etal-2016-adaptation

Adaptation and Combination of {NMT} Systems: The {KIT} Translation Systems for {IWSLT} 2016

Cettolo, Mauro and Niehues, Jan and St{\"uker, Sebastian and Bentivogli, Luisa and Cattoni, Rolando and Federico, Marcello

dec # " 8-9"

2016

Seattle, Washington D.C

International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

https://aclanthology.org/2016.iwslt-1.16/

Cho, Eunah and Niehues, Jan and Ha, Thanh-Le and Sperber, Matthias and Mediani, Mohammed and Waibel, Alex

Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Spoken Language Translation

null

In this paper, we present the KIT systems of the IWSLT 2016 machine translation evaluation. We participated in the machine translation (MT) task as well as the spoken language language translation (SLT) track for English{\textrightarrow}German and German{\textrightarrow}English translation. We use attentional neural machine translation (NMT) for all our submissions. We investigated different methods to adapt the system using small in-domain data as well as methods to train the system on these small corpora. In addition, we investigated methods to combine NMT systems that encode the input as well as the output differently. We combine systems using different vocabularies, reverse translation systems, multi-source translation system. In addition, we used pre-translation systems that facilitate phrase-based machine translation systems. Results show that applying domain adaptation and ensemble technique brings a crucial improvement of 3-4 BLEU points over the baseline system. In addition, system combination using n-best lists yields further 1-2 BLEU points.

null

62,062

inproceedings

michel-etal-2016-rwth

The {RWTH} {A}achen {LVCSR} system for {IWSLT}-2016 {G}erman Skype conversation recognition task

Cettolo, Mauro and Niehues, Jan and St{\"uker, Sebastian and Bentivogli, Luisa and Cattoni, Rolando and Federico, Marcello

dec # " 8-9"

2016

Seattle, Washington D.C

International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

https://aclanthology.org/2016.iwslt-1.17/

Michel, Wilfried and T{\"uske, Zolt{\'an and Shaik, M. Ali Basha and Schl{\"uter, Ralf and Ney, Hermann

Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Spoken Language Translation

null

In this paper the RWTH large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) systems developed for the IWSLT-2016 evaluation campaign are described. This evaluation campaign focuses on transcribing spontaneous speech from Skype recordings. State-of-the-art bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) and deep, multilingually boosted feed-forward neural network (FFNN) acoustic models are trained an narrow and broadband features. An open vocabulary approach using subword units is also considered. LSTM and count-based full word and hybrid backoff language modeling methods are used to model the morphological richness of the German language. All these approaches are combined using confusion network combination (CNC) to yield a competitive WER.

null

62,063

inproceedings

durrani-etal-2016-qcris

{QCRI}`s Machine Translation Systems for {IWSLT}`16

Cettolo, Mauro and Niehues, Jan and St{\"uker, Sebastian and Bentivogli, Luisa and Cattoni, Rolando and Federico, Marcello

dec # " 8-9"

2016

Seattle, Washington D.C

International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

https://aclanthology.org/2016.iwslt-1.18/

Durrani, Nadir and Dalvi, Fahim and Sajjad, Hassan and Vogel, Stephan

Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Spoken Language Translation

null

This paper describes QCRI`s machine translation systems for the IWSLT 2016 evaluation campaign. We participated in the Arabic{\textrightarrow}English and English{\textrightarrow}Arabic tracks. We built both Phrase-based and Neural machine translation models, in an effort to probe whether the newly emerged NMT framework surpasses the traditional phrase-based systems in Arabic-English language pairs. We trained a very strong phrase-based system including, a big language model, the Operation Sequence Model, Neural Network Joint Model and Class-based models along with different domain adaptation techniques such as MML filtering, mixture modeling and using fine tuning over NNJM model. However, a Neural MT system, trained by stacking data from different genres through fine-tuning, and applying ensemble over 8 models, beat our very strong phrase-based system by a significant 2 BLEU points margin in Arabic{\textrightarrow}English direction. We did not obtain similar gains in the other direction but were still able to outperform the phrase-based system. We also applied system combination on phrase-based and NMT outputs.

null

62,064

inproceedings

burlot-etal-2016-limsi

{LIMSI}@{IWSLT}`16: {MT} Track

Cettolo, Mauro and Niehues, Jan and St{\"uker, Sebastian and Bentivogli, Luisa and Cattoni, Rolando and Federico, Marcello

dec # " 8-9"

2016

Seattle, Washington D.C

International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

https://aclanthology.org/2016.iwslt-1.19/

Burlot, Franck and Labeau, Matthieu and Knyazeva, Elena and Lavergne, Thomas and Allauzen, Alexandre and Yvon, Fran{\c{c}}ois

Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Spoken Language Translation

null

This paper describes LIMSI`s submission to the MT track of IWSLT 2016. We report results for translation from English into Czech. Our submission is an attempt to address the difficulties of translating into a morphologically rich language by paying special attention to the morphology generation on target side. To this end, we propose two ways of improving the morphological fluency of the output: 1. by performing translation and inflection of the target language in two separate steps, and 2. by using a neural language model with characted-based word representation. We finally present the combination of both methods used for our primary system submission.

null

62,065

inproceedings

pipa-etal-2016-racai

{RACAI} Entry for the {IWSLT} 2016 Shared Task

Cettolo, Mauro and Niehues, Jan and St{\"uker, Sebastian and Bentivogli, Luisa and Cattoni, Rolando and Federico, Marcello

dec # " 8-9"

2016

Seattle, Washington D.C

International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

https://aclanthology.org/2016.iwslt-1.20/

Pipa, Sonia and Vasile, Alin Florentin and Ionașcu, Ioana and Dumitrescu, Stefan Daniel and Boros, Tiberiu

Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Spoken Language Translation

null

Spoken Language Translation is currently a hot topic in the research community. This task is very complex, involving automatic speech recognition, text-normalization and machine translation. We present our speech translation system, which was compared against the other systems participating in the IWSLT 2016 Shared Task. We introduce our ASR system for English and our MT system for English to French (En-Fr) and English to German (En-De) language pairs. Additionally, for the English to French Challenge we introduce a methodology that enables the enhancement of statistical phrase-based translation with translation equivalents deduced from monolingual corpora using neural word embedding.

null

62,066

inproceedings

kazi-etal-2016-mitll

The {MITLL}-{AFRL} {IWSLT} 2016 Systems

Cettolo, Mauro and Niehues, Jan and St{\"uker, Sebastian and Bentivogli, Luisa and Cattoni, Rolando and Federico, Marcello

dec # " 8-9"

2016

Seattle, Washington D.C

International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

https://aclanthology.org/2016.iwslt-1.21/

Kazi, Michaeel and Salesky, Elizabeth and Thompson, Brian and Taylor, Jonathan and Gwinnup, Jeremy and Anderson, Timothy and Erdmann, Grant and Hansen, Eric and Ore, Brian and Young, Katherine and Hutt, Michael

Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Spoken Language Translation

null

This report summarizes the MITLL-AFRL MT and ASR systems and the experiments run during the 2016 IWSLT evaluation campaign. Building on lessons learned from previous years' results, we refine our ASR systems and examine the explosion of neural machine translation systems and techniques developed in the past year. We experiment with a variety of phrase-based, hierarchical and neural-network approaches in machine translation and utilize system combination to create a composite system with the best characteristics of all attempted MT approaches.

null

62,067

inproceedings

peter-etal-2016-rwth-aachen

The {RWTH} {A}achen Machine Translation System for {IWSLT} 2016

Cettolo, Mauro and Niehues, Jan and St{\"uker, Sebastian and Bentivogli, Luisa and Cattoni, Rolando and Federico, Marcello

dec # " 8-9"

2016

Seattle, Washington D.C

International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

https://aclanthology.org/2016.iwslt-1.22/

Peter, Jan-Thorsten and Guta, Andreas and Rossenbach, Nick and Gra{\c{c}}a, Miguel and Ney, Hermann

Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Spoken Language Translation

null

This work describes the statistical machine translation (SMT) systems of RWTH Aachen University developed for the evaluation campaign of International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation (IWSLT) 2016. We have participated in the MT track for the German{\textrightarrow}English language pair employing our state-of-the-art phrase-based system, neural machine translation implementation and our joint translation and reordering decoder. Furthermore, we have applied feed-forward and recurrent neural language and translation models for reranking. The attention-based approach has been used for reranking the n-best lists for both phrasebased and hierarchical setups. On top of these systems, we make use of system combination to enhance the translation quality by combining individually trained systems.

null

62,068

inproceedings

nguyen-etal-2016-2016

The 2016 {KIT} {IWSLT} Speech-to-Text Systems for {E}nglish and {G}erman

Cettolo, Mauro and Niehues, Jan and St{\"uker, Sebastian and Bentivogli, Luisa and Cattoni, Rolando and Federico, Marcello

dec # " 8-9"

2016

Seattle, Washington D.C

International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

https://aclanthology.org/2016.iwslt-1.23/

Nguyen, Thai-Son and M{\"uller, Markus and Sperber, Matthias and Zenkel, Thomas and Kilgour, Kevin and St{\"uker, Sebastian and Waibel, Alex

Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Spoken Language Translation

null

This paper describes our German and English Speech-to-Text (STT) systems for the 2016 IWSLT evaluation campaign. The campaign focuses on the transcription of unsegmented TED talks. Our setup includes systems using both the Janus and Kaldi frameworks. We combined the outputs using both ROVER [1] and confusion network combination (CNC) [2] to archieve a good overall performance. The individual subsystems are built by using different speaker-adaptive feature combination (e.g., lMEL with i-vector or bottleneck speaker vector), acoustic models (GMM or DNN) and speaker adaption (MLLR or fMLLR). Decoding is performed in two stages, where the GMM and DNN systems are adapted on the combination of the first stage outputs using MLLR, and fMLLR. The combination setup produces a final hypothesis that has a significantly lower WER than any of the individual subsystems. For the English TED task, our best combination system has a WER of 7.8{\%} on the development set while our other combinations gained 21.8{\%} and 28.7{\%} WERs for the English and German MSLT tasks.

null

62,069

inproceedings

bojar-etal-2016-ufal

{UFAL} Submissions to the {IWSLT} 2016 {MT} Track

Cettolo, Mauro and Niehues, Jan and St{\"uker, Sebastian and Bentivogli, Luisa and Cattoni, Rolando and Federico, Marcello

dec # " 8-9"

2016

Seattle, Washington D.C

International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

https://aclanthology.org/2016.iwslt-1.24/

Bojar, Ond{\v{r}}ej and C{\'i}fka, Ond{\v{r}}ej and Helcl, Jind{\v{r}}ich and Kocmi, Tom and Sudarikov, Roman

Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Spoken Language Translation

null

We present our submissions to the IWSLT 2016 machine translation task, as our first attempt to translate subtitles and one of our early experiments with neural machine translation (NMT). We focus primarily on English{\textrightarrow}Czech translation direction but perform also basic adaptation experiments for NMT with German and also the reverse direction. Three MT systems are tested: (1) our Chimera, a tight combination of phrase-based MT and deep linguistic processing, (2) Neural Monkey, our implementation of a NMT system in TensorFlow and (3) Nematus, an established NMT system.

null

62,070

inproceedings

niu-carpuat-2016-umd

The {UMD} Machine Translation Systems at {IWSLT} 2016: {E}nglish-to-{F}rench Translation of Speech Transcripts

Cettolo, Mauro and Niehues, Jan and St{\"uker, Sebastian and Bentivogli, Luisa and Cattoni, Rolando and Federico, Marcello

dec # " 8-9"

2016

Seattle, Washington D.C

International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

https://aclanthology.org/2016.iwslt-1.25/

Niu, Xing and Carpuat, Marine

Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Spoken Language Translation

null

We describe the University of Maryland machine translation system submitted to the IWSLT 2016 Microsoft Speech Language Translation (MSLT) English-French task. Our main finding is that translating conversation transcripts turned out to not be as challenging as we expected: while translation quality is of course not perfect, a straightforward phrase-based system trained on movie subtitles yields high BLEU scores (high 40s on the development set) and manual analysis of 100 examples showed that 61 of them were correctly translated, and errors were mostly local disfluencies in the remaining examples.

null

62,071

inproceedings

junczys-dowmunt-birch-2016-university

The {U}niversity of {E}dinburgh`s systems submission to the {MT} task at {IWSLT}

Cettolo, Mauro and Niehues, Jan and St{\"uker, Sebastian and Bentivogli, Luisa and Cattoni, Rolando and Federico, Marcello

dec # " 8-9"

2016

Seattle, Washington D.C

International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation

https://aclanthology.org/2016.iwslt-1.26/

Junczys-Dowmunt, Marcin and Birch, Alexandra

Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Spoken Language Translation

null

This paper describes the submission of the University of Edinburgh team to the IWSLT MT task for TED talks. We took part in four translation directions, en-de, de-en, en-fr, and fr-en. The models have been trained with an attentional encoder-decoder model using Nematus, training data filtering and back-translation have been applied for domain-adaptation purposes.

null

62,072

inproceedings

ajotikar-kulkarni-2016-adverbs

Adverbs in {S}anskrit {W}ordnet

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.1/

Ajotikar, Tanuja and Kulkarni, Malhar

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

1--8

The wordnet contains part-of-speech categories such as noun, verb, adjective and adverb. In Sanskrit, there is no formal distinction among nouns, adjectives and adverbs. This poses the question, is an adverb a separate category in Sanskrit? If not, then how do we accommodate it in a lexical resource? To investigate the issue, we attempt to study the complex nature of adverbs in Sanskrit and the policies adopted by Sanskrit lexicographers that would guide us in storing them in the Sanskrit wordnet.

null

62,074

inproceedings

alexeyevsky-temchenko-2016-word

Word Sense Disambiguation in Monolingual Dictionaries for Building {R}ussian {W}ord{N}et

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.2/

Alexeyevsky, Daniil and Temchenko, Anastasiya V.

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

9--14

Russian Language is currently poorly supported with WordNet-like resources. One of the new efforts for building Russian WordNet involves mining the monolingual dictionaries. While most steps of the building process are straightforward, word sense disambiguation (WSD) is a source of problems. Due to limited word context specific WSD mechanism is required for each kind of relations mined. This paper describes the WSD method used for mining hypernym relations. First part of the paper explains the main reasons for choosing monolingual dictionaries as the primary source of information for Russian language WordNet and states some problems faced during the information extraction. The second part defines algorithm used to extract hyponym-hypernym pair. The third part describes the algorithm used for WSD.

null

62,075

inproceedings

aller-etal-2016-playing

Playing Alias - efficiency for wordnet(s)

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.3/

Aller, Sven and Orav, Heili and Vare, Kadri and Zupping, Sirli

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

15--20

This paper describes an electronic variant of popular word game Alias where people have to guess words according to their associations via synonyms, opposites, hyperonyms etc. Lexical data comes from the Estonian Wordnet. The computer game Alias which draws information from Estonian Wordnet is useful at least for two reasons: it creates an opportunity to learn language through play, and it helps to evaluate and improve the quality of Estonian Wordnet.

null

62,076

inproceedings

arora-etal-2016-detecting

Detecting Most Frequent Sense using Word Embeddings and {B}abel{N}et

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.4/

Arora, Harpreet Singh and Bhingardive, Sudha and Bhattacharyya, Pushpak

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

21--25

Since the inception of the SENSEVAL evaluation exercises there has been a great deal of recent research into Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD). Over the years, various supervised, unsupervised and knowledge based WSD systems have been proposed. Beating the first sense heuristics is a challenging task for these systems. In this paper, we present our work on Most Frequent Sense (MFS) detection using Word Embeddings and BabelNet features. The semantic features from BabelNet viz., synsets, gloss, relations, etc. are used for generating sense embeddings. We compare word embedding of a word with its sense embeddings to obtain the MFS with the highest similarity. The MFS is detected for six languages viz., English, Spanish, Russian, German, French and Italian. However, this approach can be applied to any language provided that word embeddings are available for that language.

null

62,077

inproceedings

benjamin-2016-problems

Problems and Procedures to Make {W}ordnet Data (Retro)Fit for a Multilingual Dictionary

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.5/

Benjamin, Martin

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

26--33

The data compiled through many Wordnet projects can be a rich source of seed information for a multilingual dictionary. However, the original Princeton WordNet was not intended as a dictionary per se, and spawning other languages from it introduces inherent ambiguity that confounds precise inter-lingual linking. This paper discusses a new presentation of existing Wordnet data that displays joints (distance between predicted links) and substitution (degree of equivalence between confirmed pairs) as a two-tiered horizontal ontology. Improvements to make Wordnet data function as lexicography include term-specific English definitions where the topical synset glosses are inadequate, validation of mappings between each member of an English synset and each member of the synsets from other languages, removal of erroneous translation terms, creation of own-language definitions for the many languages where those are absent, and validation of predicted links between non-English pairs. The paper describes the current state and future directions of a system to crowdsource human review and expansion of Wordnet data, using gamification to build consensus validated, dictionary caliber data for languages now in the Global WordNet as well as new languages that do not have formal Wordnet projects of their own.

null

62,078

inproceedings

berti-etal-2016-ancient

{A}ncient {G}reek {W}ord{N}et Meets the Dynamic Lexicon: the Example of the Fragments of the {G}reek Historians

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.6/

Berti, Monica and Bizzoni, Yuri and Boschetti, Federico and Crane, Gregory R. and Gratta, Riccardo Del and Yousef, Tariq

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

34--38

The Ancient Greek WordNet (AGWN) and the Dynamic Lexicon (DL) are multilingual resources to study the lexicon of Ancient Greek texts and their translations. Both AGWN and DL are works in progress that need accuracy improvement and manual validation. After a detailed description of the current state of each work, this paper illustrates a methodology to cross AGWN and DL data, in order to mutually score the items of each resource according to the evidence provided by the other resource. The training data is based on the corpus of the Digital Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum (DFHG), which includes ancient Greek texts with Latin translations.

null

62,079

inproceedings

bhingardive-etal-2016-indowordnet

{I}ndo{W}ord{N}et::{S}imilarity- Computing Semantic Similarity and Relatedness using {I}ndo{W}ord{N}et

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.7/

Bhingardive, Sudha and Redkar, Hanumant and Sappadla, Prateek and Singh, Dhirendra and Bhattacharyya, Pushpak

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

39--43

Semantic similarity and relatedness measures play an important role in natural language processing applications. In this paper, we present the IndoWordNet::Similarity tool and interface, designed for computing the semantic similarity and relatedness between two words in IndoWordNet. A java based tool and a web interface have been developed to compute this semantic similarity and relatedness. Also, Java API has been developed for this purpose. This tool, web interface and the API are made available for the research purpose.

null

62,080

inproceedings

bonansinga-bond-2016-multilingual

Multilingual Sense Intersection in a Parallel Corpus with Diverse Language Families

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.8/

Bonansinga, Giulia and Bond, Francis

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

44--49

Supervised methods for Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) benefit from high-quality sense-annotated resources, which are lacking for many languages less common than English. There are, however, several multilingual parallel corpora that can be inexpensively annotated with senses through cross-lingual methods. We test the effectiveness of such an approach by attempting to disambiguate English texts through their translations in Italian, Romanian and Japanese. Specifically, we try to find the appropriate word senses for the English words by comparison with all the word senses associated to their translations. The main advantage of this approach is in that it can be applied to any parallel corpus, as long as large, high-quality inter-linked sense inventories exist for all the languages considered.

null

62,081

inproceedings

bond-etal-2016-cili

{CILI}: the Collaborative Interlingual Index

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.9/

Bond, Francis and Vossen, Piek and McCrae, John and Fellbaum, Christiane

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

50--57

This paper introduces the motivation for and design of the Collaborative InterLingual Index (CILI). It is designed to make possible coordination between multiple loosely coupled wordnet projects. The structure of the CILI is based on the Interlingual index first proposed in the EuroWordNet project with several pragmatic extensions: an explicit open license, definitions in English and links to wordnets in the Global Wordnet Grid.

null

62,082

inproceedings

braslavski-etal-2016-yarn

{YARN}: Spinning-in-Progress

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.10/

Braslavski, Pavel and Ustalov, Dmitry and Mukhin, Mikhail and Kiselev, Yuri

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

58--65

YARN (Yet Another RussNet), a project started in 2013, aims at creating a large open WordNet-like thesaurus for Russian by means of crowdsourcing. The first stage of the project was to create noun synsets. Currently, the resource comprises 48K+ word entries and 44K+ synsets. More than 200 people have taken part in assembling synsets throughout the project. The paper describes the linguistic, technical, and organizational principles of the project, as well as the evaluation results, lessons learned, and the future plans.

null

62,083

inproceedings

cai-etal-2016-word

Word Substitution in Short Answer Extraction: A {W}ord{N}et-based Approach

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.11/

Cai, Qingqing and Gung, James and Guan, Maochen and Kurlandski, Gerald and Pease, Adam

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

66--73

We describe the implementation of a short answer extraction system. It consists of a simple sentence selection front-end and a two phase approach to answer extraction from a sentence. In the first phase sentence classification is performed with a classifier trained with the passive aggressive algorithm utilizing the UIUC dataset and taxonomy and a feature set including word vectors. This phase outperforms the current best published results on that dataset. In the second phase, a sieve algorithm consisting of a series of increasingly general extraction rules is applied, using WordNet to find word types aligned with the UIUC classifications determined in the first phase. Some very preliminary performance metrics are presented.

null

62,084

inproceedings

de-paiva-etal-2016-overview

An overview of {P}ortuguese {W}ord{N}ets

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.12/

de Paiva, Valeria and Real, Livy and Oliveira, Hugo Gon{\c{c}}alo and Rademaker, Alexandre and Freitas, Cl{\'a}udia and Sim{\~o}es, Alberto

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

74--82

Semantic relations between words are key to building systems that aim to understand and manipulate language. For English, the {\textquotedblleft}de facto{\textquotedblright} standard for representing this kind of knowledge is Princeton`s WordNet. Here, we describe the wordnet-like resources currently available for Portuguese: their origins, methods of creation, sizes, and usage restrictions. We start tackling the problem of comparing them, but only in quantitative terms. Finally, we sketch ideas for potential collaboration between some of the projects that produce Portuguese wordnets.

null

62,085

inproceedings

declerck-etal-2016-towards

Towards a {W}ord{N}et based Classification of Actors in Folktales

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.13/

Declerck, Thierry and Klement, Tyler and Kostova, Antonia

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

83--87

In the context of a student software project we are investigating the use of WordNet for improving the automatic detection and classification of actors (or characters) mentioned in folktales. Our starting point is the book {\textquotedblleft}Classification of International Folktales{\textquotedblright}, out of which we extract text segments that name the different actors involved in tales, taking advantage of patterns used by its author, Hans-Jo {\ensuremath{\ddot{}}}rg Uther. We apply on those text segments functions that are implemented in the NLTK interface to WordNet in order to obtain lexical semantic information to enrich the original naming of characters proposed in the {\textquotedblleft}Classification of International Folktales{\textquotedblright} and to support their translation in other languages.

null

62,086

inproceedings

fakoornia-ardakani-2016-establishing

Establishing Morpho-semantic Relations in {F}ars{N}et (a focus on derived nouns)

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.15/

Fakoornia, Nasim and Ardakani, Negar Davari

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

93--100

This paper aims at a morpho-semantic analysis of 2461 Persian derived nouns, documented in FarsNet addressing computational codification via formulating specific morpho-semantic relations between classes of derived nouns and their bases. Considering the ultimate aim of the study, FarsNet derived nouns included 12 most productive suffixes have been analysed and as a consequence 45 morpho-semantic patterns were distinguished leading to creation of 17 morpho-semantic relations. The approach includes a close examination of beginners, grammatical category and part of speech shifts of bases undergoing the derivation process. In this research the morpho-semantic relations are considered at the word level and not at the synset level which will represent a cross-lingual validity, even if the morphological aspect of the relation is not the same in the studied languages. The resulting morpho-semantic formulations notably increase linguistic and operative competence and performance of FarsNet while is considered an achievement in Persian descriptive morphology and its codification.

null

62,088

inproceedings

feltracco-etal-2016-using

Using {W}ord{N}et to Build Lexical Sets for {I}talian Verbs

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.16/

Feltracco, Anna and Gatti, Lorenzo and Jezek, Elisabetta and Magnini, Bernardo and Magnolini, Simone

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

101--105

We present a methodology for building lexical sets for argument slots of Italian verbs. We start from an inventory of semantically typed Italian verb frames and through a mapping to WordNet we automatically annotate the sets of fillers for the argument positions in a corpus of sentences. We evaluate both a baseline algorithm and a syntax driven algorithm and show that the latter performs significantly better in terms of precision.

null

62,089

inproceedings

freihat-etal-2016-taxonomic

A Taxonomic Classification of {W}ord{N}et Polysemy Types

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.17/

Freihat, Abed Alhakim and Giunchiglia, Fausto and Dutta, Biswanath

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

106--114

WordNet represents polysemous terms by capturing the different meanings of these terms at the lexical level, but without giving emphasis on the polysemy types such terms belong to. The state of the art polysemy approaches identify several polysemy types in WordNet but they do not explain how to classify and organize them. In this paper, we present a novel approach for classifying the polysemy types which exploits taxonomic principles which in turn, allow us to discover a set of polysemy structural patterns.

null

62,090

inproceedings

herrera-etal-2016-strategies

Some strategies for the improvement of a {S}panish {W}ord{N}et

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.18/

Herrera, Matias and Gonzalez, Javier and Chiruzzo, Luis and Wonsever, Dina

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

115--122

Although there are currently several versions of Princeton WordNet for different languages, the lack of development of some of these versions does not make it possible to use them in different Natural Language Processing applications. So is the case of the Spanish Wordnet contained in the Multilingual Central Repository (MCR), which we tried unsuccessfully to incorporate into an anaphora resolution application and also in search terms expansion. In this situation, different strategies to improve MCR Spanish WordNet coverage were put forward and tested, obtaining encouraging results. A specific process was conducted to increase the number of adverbs, and a few simple processes were applied which made it possible to increase, at a very low cost, the number of terms in the Spanish WordNet. Finally, a more complex method based on distributional semantics was proposed, using the relations between English Wordnet synsets, also returning positive results.

null

62,091

inproceedings

hicks-etal-2016-analysis

An Analysis of {W}ord{N}et`s Coverage of Gender Identity Using {T}witter and The National Transgender Discrimination Survey

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.19/

Hicks, Amanda and Rutherford, Michael and Fellbaum, Christiane and Bian, Jiang

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

123--130

While gender identities in the Western world are typically regarded as binary, our previous work (Hicks et al., 2015) shows that there is more lexical variety of gender identity and the way people identify their gender. There is also a growing need to lexically represent this variety of gender identities. In our previous work, we developed a set of tools and approaches for analyzing Twitter data as a basis for generating hypotheses on language used to identify gender and discuss gender-related issues across geographic regions and population groups in the U.S.A. In this paper we analyze the coverage and relative frequency of the word forms in our Twitter analysis with respect to the National Transgender Discrimination Survey data set, one of the most comprehensive data sets on transgender, gender non-conforming, and gender variant people in the U.S.A. We then analyze the coverage of WordNet, a widely used lexical database, with respect to these identities and discuss some key considerations and next steps for adding gender identity words and their meanings to WordNet.

null

62,092

inproceedings

horvath-etal-2016-bears

Where Bears Have the Eyes of Currant: Towards a {M}ansi {W}ord{N}et

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.20/

Horv{\'a}th, Csilla and Nagy, {\'A}goston and Szil{\'a}gyi, Norbert and Vincze, Veronika

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

131--135

Here we report the construction of a wordnet for Mansi, an endangered minority language spoken in Russia. We will pay special attention to challenges that we encountered during the building process, among which the most important ones are the low number of native speakers, the lack of thesauri and the bear language. We will discuss our solutions to these issues, which might have some theoretical implications for the methodology of wordnet building in general.

null

62,093

inproceedings

huang-2016-wnspell

{WNS}pell: a {W}ord{N}et-Based Spell Corrector

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.21/

Huang, Bill

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

136--143

This paper presents a standalone spell corrector, WNSpell, based on and written for WordNet. It is aimed at generating the best possible suggestion for a mistyped query but can also serve as an all-purpose spell corrector. The spell corrector consists of a standard initial correction system, which evaluates word entries using a multifaceted approach to achieve the best results, and a semantic recognition system, wherein given a related word input, the system will adjust the spelling suggestions accordingly. Both feature significant performance improvements over current context-free spell correctors.

null

62,094

inproceedings

kanojia-etal-2016-sophisticated

Sophisticated Lexical Databases - Simplified Usage: Mobile Applications and Browser Plugins For Wordnets

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.22/

Kanojia, Diptesh and Dabre, Raj and Bhattacharyya, Pushpak

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

144--149

India is a country with 22 officially recognized languages and 17 of these have WordNets, a crucial resource. Web browser based interfaces are available for these WordNets, but are not suited for mobile devices which deters people from effectively using this resource. We present our initial work on developing mobile applications and browser extensions to access WordNets for Indian Languages. Our contribution is two fold: (1) We develop mobile applications for the Android, iOS and Windows Phone OS platforms for Hindi, Marathi and Sanskrit WordNets which allow users to search for words and obtain more information along with their translations in English and other Indian languages. (2) We also develop browser extensions for English, Hindi, Marathi, and Sanskrit WordNets, for both Mozilla Firefox, and Google Chrome. We believe that such applications can be quite helpful in a classroom scenario, where students would be able to access the WordNets as dictionaries as well as lexical knowledge bases. This can help in overcoming the language barrier along with furthering language understanding.

null

62,095

inproceedings

kanojia-etal-2016-picture

A picture is worth a thousand words: Using {O}pen{C}lip{A}rt library for enriching {I}ndo{W}ord{N}et

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.23/

Kanojia, Diptesh and Dhuliawala, Shehzaad and Bhattacharyya, Pushpak

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

150--154

WordNet has proved to be immensely useful for Word Sense Disambiguation, and thence Machine translation, Information Retrieval and Question Answering. It can also be used as a dictionary for educational purposes. The semantic nature of concepts in a WordNet motivates one to try to express this meaning in a more visual way. In this paper, we describe our work of enriching IndoWordNet with image acquisitions from the OpenClipArt library. We describe an approach used to enrich WordNets for eighteen Indian languages. Our contribution is three fold: (1) We develop a system, which, given a synset in English, finds an appropriate image for the synset. The system uses the OpenclipArt library (OCAL) to retrieve images and ranks them. (2) After retrieving the images, we map the results along with the linkages between Princeton WordNet and Hindi WordNet, to link several synsets to corresponding images. We choose and sort top three images based on our ranking heuristic per synset. (3) We develop a tool that allows a lexicographer to manually evaluate these images. The top images are shown to a lexicographer by the evaluation tool for the task of choosing the best image representation. The lexicographer also selects the number of relevant images. Using our system, we obtain an Average Precision (P @ 3) score of 0.30.

null

62,096

inproceedings

kazemi-etal-2016-using

Using {W}ordnet to Improve Reordering in Hierarchical Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.24/

Kazemi, Arefeh and Toral, Antonio and Way, Andy

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

155--161

We propose the use of WordNet synsets in a syntax-based reordering model for hierarchical statistical machine translation (HPB-SMT) to enable the model to generalize to phrases not seen in the training data but that have equivalent meaning. We detail our methodology to incorporate synsets' knowledge in the reordering model and evaluate the resulting WordNet-enhanced SMT systems on the English-to-Farsi language direction. The inclusion of synsets leads to the best BLEU score, outperforming the baseline (standard HPB-SMT) by 0.6 points absolute.

null

62,097

inproceedings

kiselev-etal-2016-eliminating

Eliminating Fuzzy Duplicates in Crowdsourced Lexical Resources

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.25/

Kiselev, Yuri and Ustalov, Dmitry and Porshnev, Sergey

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

162--168

Collaboratively created lexical resources is a trending approach to creating high quality thesauri in a short time span at a remarkably low price. The key idea is to invite non-expert participants to express and share their knowledge with the aim of constructing a resource. However, this approach tends to be noisy and error-prone, thus making data cleansing a highly topical task to perform. In this paper, we study different techniques for synset deduplication including machine- and crowd-based ones. Eventually, we put forward an approach that can solve the deduplication problem fully automatically, with the quality comparable to the expert-based approach.

null

62,098

inproceedings

koeva-etal-2016-automatic

Automatic Prediction of Morphosemantic Relations

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.26/

Koeva, Svetla and Leseva, Svetlozara and Stoyanova, Ivelina and Dimitrova, Tsvetana and Todorova, Maria

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

169--177

This paper presents a machine learning method for automatic identification and classification of morphosemantic relations (MSRs) between verb and noun synset pairs in the Bulgarian WordNet (BulNet). The core training data comprise 6,641 morphosemantically related verb{--}noun literal pairs from BulNet. The core dataset were preprocessed quality-wise by applying validation and reorganisation procedures. Further, the data were supplemented with negative examples of literal pairs not linked by an MSR. The designed supervised machine learning method uses the RandomTree algorithm and is implemented in Java with the Weka package. A set of experiments were performed to test various approaches to the task. Future work on improving the classifier includes adding more training data, employing more features, and fine-tuning. Apart from the language specific information about derivational processes, the proposed method is language independent.

null

62,099

inproceedings

lohk-etal-2016-tuning

Tuning Hierarchies in {P}rinceton {W}ord{N}et

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.27/

Lohk, Ahti and Fellbaum, Christiane and Vohandu, Leo

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

178--184

Many new wordnets in the world are constantly created and most take the original Princeton WordNet (PWN) as their starting point. This arguably central position imposes a responsibility on PWN to ensure that its structure is clean and consistent. To validate PWN hierarchical structures we propose the application of a system of test patterns. In this paper, we report on how to validate the PWN hierarchies using the system of test patterns. In sum, test patterns provide lexicographers with a very powerful tool, which we hope will be adopted by the global wordnet community.

null

62,100

inproceedings

lohk-etal-2016-experiences

Experiences of Lexicographers and Computer Scientists in Validating {E}stonian {W}ordnet with Test Patterns

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.28/

Lohk, Ahti and Orav, Heili and Vare, Kadri and Vohandu, Leo

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

185--192

New concepts and semantic relations are constantly added to Estonian Wordnet (EstWN) to increase its size. In addition to this, with the use of test patterns, the validation of EstWN hierarchies is also performed. This parallel work was carried out over the past four years (2011-2014) with 10 different EstWN versions (60-70). This has been a collaboration between the creators of test patterns and the lexicographers currently working on EstWN. This paper describes the usage of test patterns from the points of views of information scientists (the creators of test patterns) as well as the users (lexicographers). Using EstWN as an example, we illustrate how the continuous use of test patterns has led to significant improvement of the semantic hierarchies in EstWN.

null

62,101

inproceedings

madonsela-etal-2016-african

{A}frican {W}ord{N}et: A Viable Tool for Sense Discrimination in the Indigenous {A}frican Languages of {S}outh {A}frica

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.29/

Madonsela, Stanley and Mojapelo, Mampaka Lydia and Masubelele, Rose and Mafela, James

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

193--198

In promoting a multilingual South Africa, the government is encouraging people to speak more than one language. In order to comply with this initiative, people choose to learn the languages which they do not speak as home language. The African languages are mostly chosen because they are spoken by the majority of the country`s population. Most words in these languages have many possible senses. This phenomenon tends to pose problems to people who want to learn these languages. This article argues that the African WordNet may the best tool to address the problem of sense discrimination. The focus of the argument will be on the primary sense of the word {\textquoteleft}hand', which is part of the body, as lexicalized in three indigenous languages spoken in South Africa, namely, Tshivenḓa, Sesotho sa Leboa and isiZulu. A brief historical background of the African WordNet will be provided, followed by the definition of the word {\textquoteleft}hand' in the three languages and the analysis of the word in context. Lastly, the primary sense of the word {\textquoteleft}hand' across the three languages will be discussed.

null

62,102

inproceedings

alonso-etal-2016-empirically

An empirically grounded expansion of the supersense inventory

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.30/

Alonso, Hector Martinez and Johannsen, Anders and Nimb, Sanni and Olsen, Sussi and Pedersen, Bolette

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

199--208

In this article we present an expansion of the supersense inventory. All new super-senses are extensions of members of the current inventory, which we postulate by identifying semantically coherent groups of synsets. We cover the expansion of the already-established supernsense inventory for nouns and verbs, the addition of coarse supersenses for adjectives in absence of a canonical supersense inventory, and super-senses for verbal satellites. We evaluate the viability of the new senses examining the annotation agreement, frequency and co-ocurrence patterns.

null

62,103

inproceedings

maziarz-etal-2016-adverbs

Adverbs in pl{W}ord{N}et: Theory and Implementation

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.31/

Maziarz, Marek and Szpakowicz, Stan and Kalinski, Michal

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

209--217

Adverbs are seldom well represented in wordnets. Princeton WordNet, for example, derives from adjectives practically all its adverbs and whatever involvement they have. GermaNet stays away from this part of speech. Adverbs in plWordNet will be emphatically present in all their semantic and syntactic distinctness. We briefly discuss the linguistic background of the lexical system of Polish adverbs. We describe an automated generator of accurate candidate adverbs, and introduce the lexicographic procedures which will ensure high consistency of wordnet editors' decisions about adverbs.

null

62,104

inproceedings

mladenovic-etal-2016-language

A Language-independent Model for Introducing a New Semantic Relation Between Adjectives and Nouns in a {W}ord{N}et

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.32/

Mladenovi{\'c}, Miljana and Mitrovi{\'c}, Jelena and Krstev, Cvetana

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

218--226

The aim of this paper is to show a language-independent process of creating a new semantic relation between adjectives and nouns in wordnets. The existence of such a relation is expected to improve the detection of figurative language and sentiment analysis (SA). The proposed method uses an annotated corpus to explore the semantic knowledge contained in linguistic constructs performing as the rhetorical figure Simile. Based on the frequency of occurrence of similes in an annotated corpus, we propose a new relation, which connects the noun synset with the synset of an adjective representing that noun`s specific attribute. We elaborate on adding this new relation in the case of the Serbian WordNet (SWN). The proposed method is evaluated by human judgement in order to determine the relevance of automatically selected relation items. The evaluation has shown that 84{\%} of the automatically selected and the most frequent linguistic constructs, whose frequency threshold was equal to 3, were also selected by humans.

null

62,105

inproceedings

moeljadi-bond-2016-identifying

Identifying and Exploiting Definitions in {W}ordnet {B}ahasa

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.33/

Moeljadi, David and Bond, Francis

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

227--233

This paper describes our attempts to add Indonesian definitions to synsets in the Wordnet Bahasa (Nurril Hirfana Mohamed Noor et al., 2011; Bond et al., 2014), to extract semantic relations between lemmas and definitions for nouns and verbs, such as synonym, hyponym, hypernym and instance hypernym, and to generally improve Wordnet. The original, somewhat noisy, definitions for Indonesian came from the Asian Wordnet project (Riza et al., 2010). The basic method of extracting the relations is based on Bond et al. (2004). Before the relations can be extracted, the definitions were cleaned up and tokenized. We found that the definitions cannot be completely cleaned up because of many misspellings and bad translations. However, we could identify four semantic relations in 57.10{\%} of noun and verb definitions. For the remaining 42.90{\%}, we propose to add 149 new Indonesian lemmas and make some improvements to Wordnet Bahasa and Wordnet in general.

null

62,106

inproceedings

mojapelo-2016-semantics

Semantics of body parts in {A}frican {W}ord{N}et: a case of {N}orthern {S}otho

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.34/

Mojapelo, Mampaka Lydia

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

234--242

This paper presents a linguistic account of the lexical semantics of body parts in African WordNet, with special reference to Northern Sotho. It focuses on external human body parts synsets in Northern Sotho. The paper seeks to support the effectiveness of African WordNet as a resource for services such as in the healthcare and medical field in South Africa. It transpired from this exploration that there is either a one-to-one correspondence or some form of misalignment of lexicalisation with regard to the sample of examined synsets. The paper concludes by making suggestions on how African WordNet can deal with such semantic misalignments in order to improve its efficiency as a resource for the targeted purpose.

null

62,107

inproceedings

mondal-etal-2016-wme

{WME}: Sense, Polarity and Affinity based Concept Resource for Medical Events

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.35/

Mondal, Anupam and Das, Dipankar and Cambria, Erik and Bandyopadhyay, Sivaji

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

243--248

In order to overcome the lack of medical corpora, we have developed a WordNet for Medical Events (WME) for identifying medical terms and their sense related information using a seed list. The initial WME resource contains 1654 medical terms or concepts. In the present research, we have reported the enhancement of WME with 6415 number of medical concepts along with their conceptual features viz. Parts-of-Speech (POS), gloss, semantics, polarity, sense and affinity. Several polarity lexicons viz. SentiWordNet, SenticNet, Bing Liu`s subjectivity list and Taboda`s adjective list were introduced with WordNet synonyms and hyponyms for expansion. The semantics feature guided us to build a semantic co-reference relation based network between the related medical concepts. These features help to prepare a medical concept network for better sense relation based visualization. Finally, we evaluated with respect to Adaptive Lesk Algorithm and conducted an agreement analysis for validating the expanded WME resource.

null

62,108

inproceedings

costa-etal-2016-mapping

Mapping and Generating Classifiers using an Open {C}hinese Ontology

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.36/

Costa, Luis Morgado Da and Bond, Francis and Gao, Helena

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

249--256

In languages such as Chinese, classifiers (CLs) play a central role in the quantification of noun-phrases. This can be a problem when generating text from input that does not specify the classifier, as in machine translation (MT) from English to Chinese. Many solutions to this problem rely on dictionaries of noun-CL pairs. However, there is no open large-scale machine-tractable dictionary of noun-CL associations. Many published resources exist, but they tend to focus on how a CL is used (e.g. what kinds of nouns can be used with it, or what features seem to be selected by each CL). In fact, since nouns are open class words, producing an exhaustive definite list of noun-CL associations is not possible, since it would quickly get out of date. Our work tries to address this problem by providing an algorithm for automatic building of a frequency based dictionary of noun-CL pairs, mapped to concepts in the Chinese Open Wordnet (Wang and Bond, 2013), an open machine-tractable dictionary for Chinese. All results will released under an open license.

null

62,109

inproceedings

nagvenkar-etal-2016-indowordnet

{I}ndo{W}ord{N}et Conversion to Web Ontology Language ({OWL})

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.37/

Nagvenkar, Apurva and Pawar, Jyoti and Bhattacharyya, Pushpak

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

257--260

WordNet plays a significant role in Linked Open Data (LOD) cloud. It has numerous application ranging from ontology annotation to ontology mapping. IndoWordNet is a linked WordNet connecting 18 Indian language WordNets with Hindi as a source WordNet. The Hindi WordNet was initially developed by linking it to English WordNet. In this paper, we present a data representation of IndoWordNet in Web Ontology Language (OWL). The schema of Princeton WordNet has been enhanced to support the representation of IndoWordNet. This IndoWordNet representation in OWL format is now available to link other web resources. This representation is implemented for eight Indian languages.

null

62,110

inproceedings

nguyen-etal-2016-two-phase

A Two-Phase Approach for Building {V}ietnamese {W}ord{N}et

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.38/

Nguyen, Thai Phuong and Pham, Van-Lam and Nguyen, Hoang-An and Vu, Huy-Hien and Tran, Ngoc-Anh and Truong, Thi-Thu-Ha

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

261--266

Wordnets play an important role not only in linguistics but also in natural language processing (NLP). This paper reports major results of a project which aims to construct a wordnet for Vietnamese language. We propose a two-phase approach to the construction of Vietnamese WordNet employing available language resources and ensuring Vietnamese specific linguistic and cultural characteristics. We also give statistical results and analyses to show characteristics of the wordnet.

null

62,111

inproceedings

oliver-2016-extending

Extending the {WN}-Toolkit: dealing with polysemous words in the dictionary-based strategy

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.39/

Oliver, Antoni

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

267--274

In this paper we present an extension of the dictionary-based strategy for wordnet construction implemented in the WN-Toolkit. This strategy allows the extraction of information for polysemous English words if definitions and/or semantic relations are present in the dictionary. The WN-Toolkit is a freely available set of programs for the creation and expansion of wordnets using dictionary-based and parallel-corpus based strategies. In previous versions of the toolkit the dictionary-based strategy was only used for translating monosemous English variants. In the experiments we have used Omegawiki and Wiktionary and we present automatic evaluation results for 24 languages that have wordnets in the Open Multilingual Wordnet project. We have used these existing versions of the wordnet to perform an automatic evaluation.

null

62,112

inproceedings

petrolito-2016-language

A language-independent {LESK} based approach to Word Sense Disambiguation

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.40/

Petrolito, Tommaso

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

275--281

This paper describes a language- independent LESK based approach to Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), involving also Vector Space Models applied to the Distributional Semantics Hypotesis. In particular this approach tries to solve some issues that come up with less-resourced languages. The approach also addresses the inadequacy of the Most Frequent Sense (MFS) heuristics to fit specific domain corpora.

null

62,113

inproceedings

piasecki-etal-2016-plwordnet

pl{W}ord{N}et in Word Sense Disambiguation task

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.41/

Piasecki, Maciej and K{\k{e}}dzia, Pawe{\l} and Orli{\'n}ska, Marlena

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

282--291

The paper explores the application of plWordNet, a very large wordnet of Polish, in weakly supervised Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD). Because plWordNet provides only partial descriptions by glosses and usage examples, and does not include sense-disambiguated glosses, PageRank-based WSD methods perform slightly worse than for English. However, we show that the use of weights for the relation types and the order in which lexical units have been added for sense re-ranking can significantly improve WSD precision. The evaluation was done on two Polish corpora (KPWr and Sk{\l}adnica) including manual WSD. We discuss the fundamental difference in the construction of both corpora and very different test results.

null

62,114

inproceedings

piasecki-etal-2016-plwordnet-3

pl{W}ord{N}et 3.0 {--} Almost There

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.42/

Piasecki, Maciej and Szpakowicz, Stan and Maziarz, Marek and Rudnicka, Ewa

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

292--301

It took us nearly ten years to get from no wordnet for Polish to the largest wordnet ever built. We started small but quickly learned to dream big. Now we are about to release plWordNet 3.0-emo {--} complete with sentiment and emotions annotated {--} and a domestic version of Princeton WordNet, larger than WordNet 3.1 by nearly ten thousand newly added words. The paper retraces the road we travelled and talks a little about the future.

null

62,115

inproceedings

postma-etal-2016-open

Open {D}utch {W}ord{N}et

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.43/

Postma, Marten and van Miltenburg, Emiel and Segers, Roxane and Schoen, Anneleen and Vossen, Piek

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

302--310

We describe Open Dutch WordNet, which has been derived from the Cornetto database, the Princeton WordNet and open source resources. We exploited existing equivalence relations between Cornetto synsets and WordNet synsets in order to move the open source content from Cornetto into WordNet synsets. Currently, Open Dutch Wordnet contains 117,914 synsets, of which 51,588 synsets contain at least one Dutch synonym, which leaves 66,326 synsets still to obtain a Dutch synonym. The average polysemy is 1.5. The resource is currently delivered in XML under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license1 and it has been linked to the Global Wordnet Grid. In order to use the resource, we refer to: https: //github.com/MartenPostma/OpenDutchWordnet.

null

62,116

inproceedings

rambousek-horak-2016-debvisdic

{DEBV}is{D}ic: Instant {W}ordnet Building

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.45/

Rambousek, Adam and Horak, Ales

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

320--324

The semantic network editor DEBVisDic has been used by different development teams to create more than 20 national wordnets. The editor was recently re-developed as a multi-platform web-based application for general semantic networks editing. One of the main advantages, when compared to the previous implementation, lies in the fact that no client-side installation is needed now. Following the successful first phase in building the Open Dutch Wordnet, DEBVisDic was extended with features that allow users to easily create, edit, and share a new (usually national) wordnet without the need of any complicated configuration or advanced technical skills. The DEBVisDic editor provides advanced features for wordnet browsing, editing, and visualization. Apart from the user-friendly web-based application, DEBVisDic also provides an API interface to integrate the semantic network data into external applications.

null

62,118

inproceedings

redkar-etal-2016-samasa

Sam{\={a}}sa-Kart{\={a}}: An Online Tool for Producing Compound Words using {I}ndo{W}ord{N}et

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.46/

Redkar, Hanumant and Joshi, Nilesh and Singh, Sandhya and Kulkarni, Irawati and Kulkarni, Malhar and Bhattacharyya, Pushpak

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

325--332

Sam{\={a}}sa or compounds are a regular feature of Indian Languages. They are also found in other languages like German, Italian, French, Russian, Spanish, etc. Compound word is constructed from two or more words to form a single word. The meaning of this word is derived from each of the individual words of the compound. To develop a system to generate, identify and interpret compounds, is an important task in Natural Language Processing. This paper introduces a web based tool - Sam{\={a}}sa-Kart{\={a}} for producing compound words. Here, the focus is on Sanskrit language due to its richness in usage of compounds; however, this approach can be applied to any Indian language as well as other languages. IndoWordNet is used as a resource for words to be compounded. The motivation behind creating compound words is to create, to improve the vocabulary, to reduce sense ambiguity, etc. in order to enrich the WordNet. The Sam{\={a}}sa-Kart{\={a}} can be used for various applications viz., compound categorization, sandhi creation, morphological analysis, paraphrasing, synset creation, etc.

null

62,119

inproceedings

regragui-etal-2016-arabic

{A}rabic {W}ord{N}et: New Content and New Applications

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.47/

Regragui, Yasser and Abouenour, Lahsen and Krieche, Fettoum and Bouzoubaa, Karim and Rosso, Paolo

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

333--341

The Arabic WordNet project has provided the Arabic Natural Language Processing (NLP) community with the first WordNet-compliant resource. It allowed new possibilities in terms of building sophisticated NLP applications related to this Semitic language. In this paper, we present the new content added to this resource, using semi-automatic techniques, and validated by Arabic native-speaker lexicographers. We also present how this content helps in the implementation of new Arabic NLP applications, especially for Question Answering (QA) systems. The obtained results show the contribution of the added content. The resource, fully transformed into the standard Lexical Markup Framework (LMF), is made available for the community.

null

62,120

inproceedings

rizov-dimitrova-2016-hydra

Hydra for Web: A Browser for Easy Access to Wordnets

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.48/

Rizov, Borislav and Dimitrova, Tsvetana

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

342--346

This paper presents a web interface for wordnets named Hydra for Web which is built on top of Hydra {--} an open source tool for wordnet development {--} by means of modern web technologies. It is a Single Page Application with simple but powerful and convenient GUI. It has two modes for visualisation of the language correspondences of searched (and found) wordnet synsets {--} single and parallel modes. Hydra for web is available at: \url{http://dcl.bas.bg/bulnet/}.

null

62,121

inproceedings

rudnicka-etal-2016-towards

Towards a methodology for filtering out gaps and mismatches across wordnets: the case of pl{W}ord{N}et and {P}rinceton {W}ord{N}et

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.49/

Rudnicka, Ewa and Witkowski, Wojciech and Grabowski, {\L}ukasz

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

347--354

This paper presents the results of large-scale noun synset mapping between plWordNet, the wordnet of Polish, and Princeton WordNet, the wordnet of English, which have shown high predominance of inter-lingual hyponymy relation over inter-synonymy relation. Two main sources of such effect are identified in the paper: differences in the methodologies of construction of plWN and PWN and cross-linguistic differences in lexicalization of concepts and grammatical categories between English and Polish. Next, we propose a typology of specific gaps and mismatches across wordnets and a rule-based system of filters developed specifically to scan all I(inter-lingual)-hyponymy links between plWN and PWN. The proposed system, it should be stressed, also enables one to pinpoint the frequencies of the identified gaps and mismatches.

null

62,122

inproceedings

schraagen-2016-folktale

Folktale similarity based on ontological abstraction

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.50/

Schraagen, Marijn

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

355--363

This paper presents a method to compute similarity of folktales based on conceptual overlap at various levels of abstraction as defined in Dutch WordNet. The method is applied on a corpus of Dutch folktales and evaluated using a comparison to traditional folktale similarity analysis based on the Aarne{--}Thompson{--}Uther (ATU) classification system. Document similarity computed by the presented method is in agreement with traditional analysis for a certain amount of folktale pairs, but differs for other pairs. However, it can be argued that the current approach computes an alternative, data-driven type of similarity. Using WordNet instead of a domain-specific ontology or classification system ensures applicability of the method outside of the folktale domain.

null

62,123

inproceedings

segers-etal-2016-predicate

The Predicate Matrix and the Event and Implied Situation Ontology: Making More of Events

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.51/

Segers, Roxane and Laparra, Egoitz and Rospocher, Marco and Vossen, Piek and Rigau, German and Ilievski, Filip

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

364--372

This paper presents the Event and Implied Situation Ontology (ESO), a resource which formalizes the pre and post situations of events and the roles of the entities affected by an event. The ontology reuses and maps across existing resources such as WordNet, SUMO, VerbNet, PropBank and FrameNet. We describe how ESO is injected into a new version of the Predicate Matrix and illustrate how these resources are used to detect information in large document collections that otherwise would have remained implicit. The model targets interpretations of situations rather than the semantics of verbs per se. The event is interpreted as a situation using RDF taking all event components into account. Hence, the ontology and the linked resources need to be considered from the perspective of this interpretation model.

null

62,124

inproceedings

seppala-etal-2016-semi

Semi-Automatic Mapping of {W}ord{N}et to Basic Formal Ontology

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.52/

Sepp{\"al{\"a, Selja and Hicks, Amanda and Ruttenberg, Alan

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

373--381

We present preliminary work on the mapping of WordNet 3.0 to the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO 2.0). WordNet is a large, widely used semantic network. BFO is a domain-neutral upper-level ontology that represents the types of things that exist in the world and relations between them. BFO serves as an integration hub for more specific ontologies, such as the Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI) and Ontology for Biobanking (OBIB). This work aims at creating a lexico-semantic resource that can be used in NLP tools to perform ontology-related text manipulation tasks. Our semi-automatic mapping method consists in using existing mappings between WordNet and the KYOTO Ontology. The latter allows machines to reason over texts by providing interpretations of the words in ontological terms. Our working hypothesis is that a large portion of WordNet synsets can be semi-automatically mapped to BFO using simple mapping rules from KYOTO to BFO. We evaluate the method on a randomized subset of synsets, examine preliminary results, and discuss challenges related to the method. We conclude with suggestions for future work.

null

62,125

inproceedings

shamsfard-ghazanfari-2016-augmenting

Augmenting {F}ars{N}et with New Relations and Structures for verbs

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.53/

Shamsfard, Mehrnoush and Ghazanfari, Yasaman

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

382--388

This paper discusses the semantic augmentation of FarsNet - the Persian WordNet - with new relations and structures for verbs. FarsNet1.0, the first Persian WordNet obeys the Structure of Princeton WordNet 2.1. In this paper we discuss FarsNet 2.0 in which new inter-POS relations and verb frames are added. In fact FarsNet2.0 is a combination of WordNet and VerbNet for Persian. It includes more than 30,000 lexical entries arranged in about 20,000 synsets with about 18000 mappings to Princeton WordNet synsets. There ae about 43000 relations between synsets and senses in FarsNet 2.0. It includes verb frames in two levels (syntactic and thematic) for about 200 simple Persian verbs.

null

62,126

inproceedings

sharma-bhattacharyya-2016-high

High, Medium or Low? Detecting Intensity Variation Among polar synonyms in {W}ord{N}et

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.54/

Sharma, Raksha and Bhattacharyya, Pushpak

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

389--395

For fine-grained sentiment analysis, we need to go beyond zero-one polarity and find a way to compare adjectives (synonyms) that share the same sense. Choice of a word from a set of synonyms, provides a way to select the exact polarity-intensity. For example, choosing to describe a person as benevolent rather than kind1 changes the intensity of the expression. In this paper, we present a sense based lexical resource, where synonyms are assigned intensity levels, viz., high, medium and low. We show that the measure P (s|w) (probability of a sense s given the word w) can derive the intensity of a word within the sense. We observe a statistically significant positive correlation between P(s|w) and intensity of synonyms for three languages, viz., English, Marathi and Hindi. The average correlation scores are 0.47 for English, 0.56 for Marathi and 0.58 for Hindi.

null

62,127

inproceedings

simov-etal-2016-role

The Role of the {W}ord{N}et Relations in the Knowledge-based Word Sense Disambiguation Task

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.55/

Simov, Kiril and Popov, Alexander and Osenova, Petya

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

396--403

In this paper we present an analysis of different semantic relations extracted from WordNet, Extended WordNet and SemCor, with respect to their role in the task of knowledge-based word sense disambiguation. The experiments use the same algorithm and the same test sets, but different variants of the knowledge graph. The results show that different sets of relations have different impact on the results: positive or negative. The beneficial ones are discussed with respect to the combination of relations and with respect to the test set. The inclusion of inference has only a modest impact on accuracy, while the addition of syntactic relations produces stable improvement over the baselines.

null

62,128

inproceedings

singh-etal-2016-detection

Detection of Compound Nouns and Light Verb Constructions using {I}ndo{W}ord{N}et

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.56/

Singh, Dhirendra and Bhingardive, Sudha and Bhattacharyyaa, Pushpak

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

404--410

Detection of MultiWord Expressions (MWEs) is one of the fundamental problems in Natural Language Processing. In this paper, we focus on two categories of MWEs - Compound Nouns and Light Verb Constructions. These two categories can be tackled using knowledge bases, rather than pure statistics. We investigate usability of IndoWordNet for the detection of MWEs. Our IndoWordNet based approach uses semantic and ontological features of words that can be extracted from IndoWordNet. This approach has been tested on Indian languages viz., Assamese, Bengali, Hindi, Konkani, Marathi, Odia and Punjabi. Results show that ontological features are found to be very useful for the detection of light verb constructions, while use of semantic properties for the detection of compound nouns is found to be satisfactory. This approach can be easily adapted by other Indian languages. Detected MWEs can be interpolated into WordNets as they help in representing semantic knowledge.

null

62,129

inproceedings

singh-etal-2016-mapping

Mapping it differently: A solution to the linking challenges

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.57/

Singh, Meghna and Shukla, Rajita and Saraswati, Jaya and Kashyap, Laxmi and Kanojia, Diptesh and Bhattacharyya, Pushpak

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

411--418

This paper reports the work of creating bilingual mappings in English for certain synsets of Hindi wordnet, the need for doing this, the methods adopted and the tools created for the task. Hindi wordnet, which forms the foundation for other Indian language wordnets, has been linked to the English WordNet. To maximize linkages, an important strategy of using direct and hypernymy linkages has been followed. However, the hypernymy linkages were found to be inadequate in certain cases and posed a challenge due to sense granularity of language. Thus, the idea of creating bilingual mappings was adopted as a solution. A bilingual mapping means a linkage between a concept in two different languages, with the help of translation and/or transliteration. Such mappings retain meaningful representations, while capturing semantic similarity at the same time. This has also proven to be a great enhancement of Hindi wordnet and can be a crucial resource for multilingual applications in natural language processing, including machine translation and cross language information retrieval.

null

62,130

inproceedings

van-miltenburg-2016-wordnet

{W}ord{N}et-based similarity metrics for adjectives

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.58/

van Miltenburg, Emiel

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

419--423

Le and Fokkens (2015) recently showed that taxonomy-based approaches are more reliable than corpus-based approaches in estimating human similarity ratings. On the other hand, distributional models provide much better coverage. The lack of an established similarity metric for adjectives in WordNet is a case in point. I present initial work to establish such a metric, and propose ways to move forward by looking at extensions to WordNet. I show that the shortest path distance between derivationally related forms provides a reliable estimate of adjective similarity. Furthermore, I find that a hybrid method combining this measure with vector-based similarity estimations gives us the best of both worlds: more reliable similarity estimations than vectors alone, but with the same coverage as corpus-based methods.

null

62,131

inproceedings

vossen-etal-2016-toward

Toward a truly multilingual {G}lobal{W}ordnet Grid

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.59/

Vossen, Piek and Bond, Francis and McCrae, John

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

424--431

In this paper, we describe a new and improved Global Wordnet Grid that takes advantage of the Collaborative InterLingual Index (CILI). Currently, the Open Multilingal Wordnet has made many wordnets accessible as a single linked wordnet, but as it used the Princeton Wordnet of English (PWN) as a pivot, it loses concepts that are not part of PWN. The technical solution to this, a central registry of concepts, as proposed in the EuroWordnet project through the InterLingual Index, has been known for many years. However, the practical issues of how to host this index and who decides what goes in remained unsolved. Inspired by current practice in the Semantic Web and the Linked Open Data community, we propose a way to solve this issue. In this paper we define the principles and protocols for contributing to the Grid. We tested them on two use cases, adding version 3.1 of the Princeton WordNet to a CILI based on 3.0 and adding the Open Dutch Wordnet, to validate the current set up. This paper aims to be a call for action that we hope will be further discussed and ultimately taken up by the whole wordnet community.

null

62,132

inproceedings

wilson-etal-2016-table

This Table is Different: A {W}ord{N}et-Based Approach to Identifying References to Document Entities

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.60/

Wilson, Shomir and Black, Alan and Oberlander, Jon

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

432--440

Writing intended to inform frequently contains references to document entities (DEs), a mixed class that includes orthographically structured items (e.g., illustrations, sections, lists) and discourse entities (arguments, suggestions, points). Such references are vital to the interpretation of documents, but they often eschew identifiers such as {\textquotedblleft}Figure 1{\textquotedblright} for inexplicit phrases like {\textquotedblleft}in this figure{\textquotedblright} or {\textquotedblleft}from these premises{\textquotedblright}. We examine inexplicit references to DEs, termed DE references, and recast the problem of their automatic detection into the determination of relevant word senses. We then show the feasibility of machine learning for the detection of DE-relevant word senses, using a corpus of human-labeled synsets from WordNet. We test cross-domain performance by gathering lemmas and synsets from three corpora: website privacy policies, Wikipedia articles, and Wikibooks textbooks. Identifying DE references will enable language technologies to use the information encoded by them, permitting the automatic generation of finely-tuned descriptions of DEs and the presentation of richly-structured information to readers.

null

62,133

inproceedings

zock-schwab-2016-wordnet

{W}ord{N}et and beyond: the case of lexical access

Fellbaum, Christiane and Vossen, Piek and Mititelu, Verginica Barbu and Forascu, Corina

27--30

2016

Bucharest, Romania

Global Wordnet Association

https://aclanthology.org/2016.gwc-1.61/

Zock, Michael and Schwab, Didier

Proceedings of the 8th Global WordNet Conference (GWC)

441--449

For humans the main functions of a dictionary is to store information concerning words and to reveal it when needed. While readers are interested in the meaning of words, writers look for answers concerning usage, spelling, grammar or word forms (lemma). We will focus here on this latter task: help authors to find the word they are looking for, word they may know but whose form is eluding them. Put differently, we try to build a resource helping authors to overcome the tip-of-the-tongue problem (ToT). Obviously, in order to access a word, it must be stored somewhere (brain, resource). Yet this is by no means sufficient. We will illustrate this here by comparing WordNet (WN) to an equivalent lexical resource bootstrapped from Wikipedia (WiPi). Both may contain a given word, but ease and success of access may be different depending on other factors like quality of the query, proximity, type of connections, etc. Next we will show under what conditions WN is suitable for word access, and finally we will present a roadmap showing the obstacles to be overcome to build a resource allowing the text producer to find the word s/he is looking for.

null

62,134

inproceedings

vitas-etal-2016-differentiate

How to Differentiate the Closely Related Standard Languages?

null

sep

2016

Sofia, Bulgaria

Department of Computational Linguistics, Institute for Bulgarian Language, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

https://aclanthology.org/2016.clib-1.1/

Vitas, Du{\v{s}}ko and Popovi{\'c}, Ljubomir and Krstev, Cvetana and Ze{\v{c}}evi{\'c}, An{\dj}elka

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Linguistics in Bulgaria (CLIB 2016)

1--10

In this paper the adequacy of the SETimes corpus as a basis for the comparison of closely related languages that are used in countries that emerged after the breakup of Yugoslavia is discussed by comparing it with other corpora. It is shown that the phenomena observed in this corpus and used to illustrate differences most specifically between Serbian and Croatian are consistent neither with their standards nor with other sources. Thus, results obtained on the basis of the SETimes corpus are corpus-biased and have to be reconsidered. This proves that the size of a corpus and its composition used in a linguistic research are crucial for assessing the obtained results.

null

62,160

inproceedings

derzhanski-siruk-2016-clauses

`While' and `Until' Clauses and Expletive Negation in a Corpus of {B}ulgarian and {U}krainian Parallel Texts

null

sep

2016

Sofia, Bulgaria

Department of Computational Linguistics, Institute for Bulgarian Language, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

https://aclanthology.org/2016.clib-1.2/

Derzhanski, Ivan and Siruk, Olena

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Linguistics in Bulgaria (CLIB 2016)

11--18

The combination of the meanings {\textquoteleft}while' and {\textquoteleft}until' in a single lexeme and the use of expletive negation with the latter meaning are widespread phenomena that are a rich source of research problems. In this paper we present a comparative bilingual Bulgarian and Ukrainian corpus-based study of several conjunctions that share these two meanings. We discuss the difference in the frequency of expletive negation in the two languages, the use of a{\v{z}} {\textquoteleft}even, all the way' in Ukrainian and the impact of the original language in translated texts.

null

62,161

inproceedings

barbu-mititelu-irimia-2016-linguistic

Linguistic Data Retrievable from a Treebank

null

sep

2016

Sofia, Bulgaria

Department of Computational Linguistics, Institute for Bulgarian Language, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

https://aclanthology.org/2016.clib-1.3/

Barbu Mititelu, Verginica and Irimia, Elena

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Linguistics in Bulgaria (CLIB 2016)

19--27

This paper describes the Romanian treebank annotated according to the Universal Dependency principles. We present the types of texts included in the treebank, their processing phases and the tools used for doing it, as well as the levels of annotation, with a focus on the syntactic level. We briefly present the syntactic formalism used, the principles followed and the set of relations. The perspective we adopted is the linguist`s who searches the treebank for information with relevance for the study of Romanian. (S)He can interpret the statistics based on the corpus and can also query the treebank for finding examples to support a theory, for testing hypothesis or for discovering new tendencies. We use here the passive constructions in Romanian as a case study for showing how statistical data help understanding this linguistic phenomenon. We also discuss the kinds of linguistic information retrievable and non-retrievable form the treebank, based on the annotation principles.

null

62,162

inproceedings

stoyanova-etal-2016-towards

Towards the Automatic Identification of Light Verb Constructions in {B}ulgarian

null

sep

2016

Sofia, Bulgaria

Department of Computational Linguistics, Institute for Bulgarian Language, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

https://aclanthology.org/2016.clib-1.4/

Stoyanova, Ivelina and Leseva, Svetlozara and Todorova, Maria

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Linguistics in Bulgaria (CLIB 2016)

28--37

This paper presents work in progress focused on developing a method for automatic identification of light verb constructions (LVCs) as a subclass of Bulgarian verbal MWEs. The method is based on machine learning and is trained on a set of LVCs extracted from the Bulgarian WordNet (BulNet) and the Bulgarian National Corpus (BulNC). The machine learning uses lexical, morphosyntactic, syntactic and semantic features of LVCs. We trained and tested two separate classifiers using the Java package Weka and two learning decision tree algorithms {--} J48 and RandomTree. The evaluation of the method includes 10-fold cross-validation on the training data from BulNet (F1 = 0.766 obtained by the J48 decision tree algorithm and F1 = 0.725 by the RandomTree algorithm), as well as evaluation of the performance on new instances from the BulNC (F1 = 0.802 by J48 and F1 = 0.607 by the RandomTree algorithm). Preliminary filtering of the candidates gives a slight improvement (F1 = 0.802 by J48 and F1 = 0.737 by RandomTree).

null

62,163

inproceedings

farkas-etal-2016-hr4eu

{HR}4{EU} {--} Using Language Resources in Computer Aided Language Learning

null

sep

2016

Sofia, Bulgaria

Department of Computational Linguistics, Institute for Bulgarian Language, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

https://aclanthology.org/2016.clib-1.5/

Farka{\v{s}}, Da{\v{s}}a and Filko, Matea and Tadi{\'c}, Marko

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Linguistics in Bulgaria (CLIB 2016)

38--46

In this paper we present the HR4EU {--} web portal for e-learning of Croatian language. The web portal offers a new method of computer aided language learning (CALL) by encouraging language learners to use different language resources available for Croatian: corpora, inflectional and derivational morphological lexicons, treebank, Wordnet, etc. Apart from the previously developed language resources, the new ones are created in order to further facilitate the learning of Croatian language. We will focus on the usage of the treebank annotated at syntactic and semantic level in the CALL and describe the new HR4EU sub-corpus of the Croatian Dependency Treebank (HOBS). The HR4EU sub-corpus consists of approx. 550 sentences, which are manually annotated on syntactic and semantic role level according to the specifications used for the HOBS. The syntactic and the semantic structure of the sentence can be visualized as a dependency tree via the SynSem Visualizer. The visualization of the syntactic and the semantic structure of sentences will help users to produce syntactically and semantically correct sentences on their own.

null

62,164

inproceedings

atanasov-2016-syntags

{S}yn{T}ags {--} Web Interface for Syntactic and Semantic Annotation

null

sep

2016

Sofia, Bulgaria

Department of Computational Linguistics, Institute for Bulgarian Language, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

https://aclanthology.org/2016.clib-1.6/

Atanasov, Atanas

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Linguistics in Bulgaria (CLIB 2016)

47--53

This paper presents a web tool for syntactic and semantic annotation and two of its applications. It gives the linguists the possibility to work with corpora and syntactic and semantic frames in XML format without having computer skills. The system is OS and platform independent and could be used both online and offline.

null

62,165

inproceedings

mihaylova-etal-2016-finding

Finding Good Answers in Online Forums: Community Question Answering for {B}ulgarian

null

sep

2016

Sofia, Bulgaria

Department of Computational Linguistics, Institute for Bulgarian Language, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

https://aclanthology.org/2016.clib-1.7/

Mihaylova, Tsvetomila and Koychev, Ivan and Nakov, Preslav and Nikolova, Ivelina

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Linguistics in Bulgaria (CLIB 2016)

54--63

Community Question Answering (CQA) is a form of question answering that is getting increasingly popular as a research direction recently. Given a question posted in an online community forum and the thread of answers to it, a common formulation of the task is to rank automatically the answers, so that the good ones are ranked higher than the bad ones. Despite the vast research in CQA for English, very little attention has been paid to other languages. To bridge this gap, here we present our method for Community Question Answering in Bulgarian. We create annotated training and testing datasets for Bulgarian, and we further explore the applicability of machine translation for reusing English CQA data for building a Bulgarian system. The evaluation results show improvement over the baseline and can serve as a basis for further research.

null

62,166

inproceedings

koeva-etal-2016-quotation

Quotation Retrieval System for {B}ulgarian Media Content

null

sep

2016

Sofia, Bulgaria

Department of Computational Linguistics, Institute for Bulgarian Language, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

https://aclanthology.org/2016.clib-1.8/

Koeva, Svetla and Stoyanova, Ivelina and Yalamov, Martin

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Linguistics in Bulgaria (CLIB 2016)

64--73

This paper presents a method for automatic retrieval and attribution of quotations from media texts in Bulgarian. It involves recognition of report verbs (including their analytical forms) and syntactic patterns introducing quotations, as well as source attribution of the quote by identification of personal names, descriptors, and anaphora. The method is implemented in a fully-functional online system which offers a live service processing media content and extracting quotations on a daily basis. The system collects and processes written news texts from six Bulgarian media websites. The results are presented in a structured way with description, as well as sorting and filtering functionalities which facilitate the monitoring and analysis of media content. The method has been applied to extract quotations from English texts as well and can be adapted to work with other languages, provided that the respective language specific resources are supplied.

null

62,167

inproceedings

popovska-dekova-2016-stress

Stress Patterns of Compounds and {MWE}s in {E}nglish and {B}ulgarian

null

sep

2016

Sofia, Bulgaria

Department of Computational Linguistics, Institute for Bulgarian Language, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

https://aclanthology.org/2016.clib-1.9/

Popovska, Bistra and Dekova, Rositsa

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Linguistics in Bulgaria (CLIB 2016)

74--77

The paper presents an ongoing research on the stress patterns of compounds and MWEs of the type ADJ+N and their corresponding free NPs in English and Bulgarian. The research focuses on the identification and the formal representation of the possible stress patterns of compounds and MWEs and free NPs. During our research so far, we have compiled a corpus of over 2000 compounds and MWEs, approx. 1000 for each language {--} English and Bulgarian. Our theoretical framework includes elements from different theories, i.e. the Generative Phonology Theory, the Metrical Theory, and the Theory of Primary accent first which all define the stress as a prosodic element. Our main goals are to specify the prosodic region where the stress is defined in English and Bulgarian MWEs and noun phrases and to define the main features of the stress in MWEs and free NPs in English and Bulgarian. The results of our research can serve for implementation into NLP modules for spoken language processing and generation.

null

62,168

inproceedings

sojat-etal-2016-verbal

Verbal Multiword Expressions in {C}roatian

null

sep

2016

Sofia, Bulgaria

Department of Computational Linguistics, Institute for Bulgarian Language, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

https://aclanthology.org/2016.clib-1.10/

{\v{S}}ojat, Kre{\v{s}}imir and Filko, Matea and Farka{\v{s}}, Da{\v{s}}a

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Linguistics in Bulgaria (CLIB 2016)

78--85

The paper deals with verbal multiword expressions in Croatian. We focus on four types of verbal constructions: light verb constructions, i.e. constructions consisting of a light verb and a noun or prepositional phrase, complex predicate constructions, i.e. constructions consisting of a finite and infinitive verb, prepositional verb constructions, i.e. constructions consisting of a verb and a typical preposition, and, finally, verbal idioms, i.e. constructions with completely idiosyncratic meanings. All the constructions are annotated in the Universal Dependency treebank for Croatian. The identification of verbal multiword expressions is an important task in numerous NLP tasks. It is also important to define and delimitate this concept in linguistic theory.

null

62,169

inproceedings

jaf-2016-simple

A Simple Approach to Unifying Ambiguously Encoded {K}urdish Characters

null

sep

2016

Sofia, Bulgaria

Department of Computational Linguistics, Institute for Bulgarian Language, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

https://aclanthology.org/2016.clib-1.11/

Jaf, Sardar

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Linguistics in Bulgaria (CLIB 2016)

86--94

In this study we outline a potential problem in the normalisation stage of processing texts that are based on a modified version of the Arabic alphabet. The main source of resources available for processing resource-scarce languages is raw text. We have identified an interesting challenge that must be addressed when normalising certain natural language texts. Many less-resourced languages, such as Kurdish, Farsi, Urdu, Pashtu, etc., use a modified version of the Arabic writing system. Many characters in harvested data from the Internet may have exactly the same form but encoded with different Unicode values (ambiguous characters). It is important to identify ambiguous characters during the normalisation stage of most text processing tasks. We will demonstrate cases related to ambiguous Kurdish and Farsi characters and propose a semi-automatic approach to identifying and unifying ambiguously encoded characters.

null

62,170

inproceedings

lazarov-2016-possible

A Possible Solution to the Problem of Machine Translation of Verb Forms from {B}ulgarian to {E}nglish

null

sep

2016

Sofia, Bulgaria

Department of Computational Linguistics, Institute for Bulgarian Language, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

https://aclanthology.org/2016.clib-1.12/

Lazarov, Todor

Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computational Linguistics in Bulgaria (CLIB 2016)

95--100

The paper{\textquoteleft}s main subject is concerned with the problems related to machine translation of verb forms from Bulgarian to English. In separate sections of this article we discuss the problems related to differences between word formation in both languages and differences in the information that the verb forms grammaticalize. We also introduce the idea of implementing the statistical method of machine translation altogether with the rule-based method as a proposal for future research and the possible practical and theoretical outcomes.

null

62,171

inproceedings

chatterjee-etal-2016-instance

Instance Selection for Online Automatic Post-Editing in a multi-domain scenario

Green, Spence and Schwartz, Lane

oct # " 28 - " # nov # " 1"

2016

Austin, TX, USA

The Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2016.amta-researchers.1/

Chatterjee, Rajen and Arcan, Mihael and Negri, Matteo and Turchi, Marco

Conferences of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: MT Researchers' Track

1--15

In recent years, several end-to-end online translation systems have been proposed to successfully incorporate human post-editing feedback in the translation workflow. The performance of these systems in a multi-domain translation environment (involving different text genres, post-editing styles, machine translation systems) within the automatic post-editing (APE) task has not been thoroughly investigated yet. In this work, we show that when used in the APE framework the existing online systems are not robust towards domain changes in the incoming data stream. In particular, these systems lack in the capability to learn and use domain-specific post-editing rules from a pool of multi-domain data sets. To cope with this problem, we propose an online learning framework that generates more reliable translations with significantly better quality as compared with the existing online and batch systems. Our framework includes: i) an instance selection technique based on information retrieval that helps to build domain-specific APE systems, and ii) an optimization procedure to tune the feature weights of the log-linear model that allows the decoder to improve the post-editing quality.

null

62,173

inproceedings

sanchez-torron-koehn-2016-machine

Machine Translation Quality and Post-Editor Productivity

Green, Spence and Schwartz, Lane

oct # " 28 - " # nov # " 1"

2016

Austin, TX, USA

The Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2016.amta-researchers.2/

Sanchez-Torron, Marina and Koehn, Philipp

Conferences of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: MT Researchers' Track

16--26

We assessed how different machine translation (MT) systems affect the post-editing (PE) process and product of professional English{--}Spanish translators. Our model found that for each 1-point increase in BLEU, there is a PE time decrease of 0.16 seconds per word, about 3-4{\%}. The MT system with the lowest BLEU score produced the output that was post-edited to the lowest quality and with the highest PE effort, measured both in HTER and actual PE operations.

null

62,174

inproceedings

ortega-etal-2016-fuzzy

Fuzzy-match repair using black-box machine translation systems: what can be expected?

Green, Spence and Schwartz, Lane

oct # " 28 - " # nov # " 1"

2016

Austin, TX, USA

The Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2016.amta-researchers.3/

Ortega, John and S{\'a}nchez-Mart{\'i}nez, Felipe and Forcada, Mikel

Conferences of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: MT Researchers' Track

27--39

Computer-aided translation (CAT) tools often use a translation memory (TM) as the key resource to assist translators. A TM contains translation units (TU) which are made up of source and target language segments; translators use the target segments in the TU suggested by the CAT tool by converting them into the desired translation. Proposals from TMs could be made more useful by using techniques such as fuzzy-match repair (FMR) which modify words in the target segment corresponding to mismatches identified in the source segment. Modifications in the target segment are done by translating the mismatched source sub-segments using an external source of bilingual information (SBI) and applying the translations to the corresponding positions in the target segment. Several combinations of translated sub-segments can be applied to the target segment which can produce multiple repair candidates. We provide a formal algorithmic description of a method that is capable of using any SBI to generate all possible fuzzy-match repairs and perform an oracle evaluation on three different language pairs to ascertain the potential of the method to improve translation productivity. Using DGT-TM translation memories and the machine system Apertium as the single source to build repair operators in three different language pairs, we show that the best repaired fuzzy matches are consistently closer to reference translations than either machine-translated segments or unrepaired fuzzy matches.

null

62,175

inproceedings

hoang-etal-2016-fast

Fast, Scalable Phrase-Based {SMT} Decoding

Green, Spence and Schwartz, Lane

oct # " 28 - " # nov # " 1"

2016

Austin, TX, USA

The Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2016.amta-researchers.4/

Hoang, Hieu and Bogoychev, Nikolay and Schwartz, Lane and Junczys-Dowmunt, Marcin

Conferences of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: MT Researchers' Track

40--52

The utilization of statistical machine translation (SMT) has grown enormously over the last decade, many using open-source software developed by the NLP community. As commercial use has increased, there is need for software that is optimized for commercial requirements, in particular, fast phrase-based decoding and more efficient utilization of modern multicore servers. In this paper we re-examine the major components of phrase-based decoding and decoder implementation with particular emphasis on speed and scalability on multicore machines. The result is a drop-in replacement for the Moses decoder which is up to fifteen times faster and scales monotonically with the number of cores.

null

62,176

inproceedings

torregrosa-etal-2016-ranking

Ranking suggestions for black-box interactive translation prediction systems with multilayer perceptrons

Green, Spence and Schwartz, Lane

oct # " 28 - " # nov # " 1"

2016

Austin, TX, USA

The Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2016.amta-researchers.6/

Torregrosa, Daniel and P{\'e}rez-Ortiz, Juan Antonio and Forcada, Mikel

Conferences of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: MT Researchers' Track

65--78

The objective of interactive translation prediction (ITP), a paradigm of computer-aided translation, is to assist professional translators by offering context-based computer-generated suggestions as they type. While most state-of-the-art ITP systems are tightly coupled to a machine translation (MT) system (often created ad-hoc for this purpose), our proposal follows a resourceagnostic approach, one that does not need access to the inner workings of the bilingual resources (MT systems or any other bilingual resources) used to generate the suggestions, thus allowing to include new resources almost seamlessly. As we do not expect the user to tolerate more than a few proposals each time, the set of potential suggestions need to be filtered and ranked; the resource-agnostic approach has been evaluated before using a set of intuitive length-based and position-based heuristics designed to determine which suggestions to show, achieving promising results. In this paper, we propose a more principled suggestion ranking approach using a regressor (a multilayer perceptron) that achieves significantly better results.

null

62,178

inproceedings

imamura-sumita-2016-multi

Multi-domain Adaptation for Statistical Machine Translation Based on Feature Augmentation

Green, Spence and Schwartz, Lane

oct # " 28 - " # nov # " 1"

2016

Austin, TX, USA

The Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2016.amta-researchers.7/

Imamura, Kenji and Sumita, Eiichiro

Conferences of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: MT Researchers' Track

79--92

Domain adaptation is a major challenge when applying machine translation to practical tasks. In this paper, we present domain adaptation methods for machine translation that assume multiple domains. The proposed methods combine two model types: a corpus-concatenated model covering multiple domains and single-domain models that are accurate but sparse in specific domains. We combine the advantages of both models using feature augmentation for domain adaptation in machine learning. Our experimental results show that the BLEU scores of the proposed method clearly surpass those of single-domain models for low-resource domains. For high-resource domains, the scores of the proposed method were superior to those of both single-domain and corpusconcatenated models. Even in domains having a million bilingual sentences, the translation quality was at least preserved and even improved in some domains. These results demonstrate that state-of-the-art domain adaptation can be realized with appropriate settings, even when using standard log-linear models.

null

62,179

inproceedings

chen-etal-2016-bilingual

Bilingual Methods for Adaptive Training Data Selection for Machine Translation

Green, Spence and Schwartz, Lane

oct # " 28 - " # nov # " 1"

2016

Austin, TX, USA

The Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2016.amta-researchers.8/

Chen, Boxing and Kuhn, Roland and Foster, George and Cherry, Colin and Huang, Fei

Conferences of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: MT Researchers' Track

93--106

In this paper, we propose a new data selection method which uses semi-supervised convolutional neural networks based on bitokens (Bi-SSCNNs) for training machine translation systems from a large bilingual corpus. In earlier work, we devised a data selection method based on semi-supervised convolutional neural networks (SSCNNs). The new method, Bi-SSCNN, is based on bitokens, which use bilingual information. When the new methods are tested on two translation tasks (Chinese-to-English and Arabic-to-English), they significantly outperform the other three data selection methods in the experiments. We also show that the BiSSCNN method is much more effective than other methods in preventing noisy sentence pairs from being chosen for training. More interestingly, this method only needs a tiny amount of in-domain data to train the selection model, which makes fine-grained topic-dependent translation adaptation possible. In the follow-up experiments, we find that neural machine translation (NMT) is more sensitive to noisy data than statistical machine translation (SMT). Therefore, Bi-SSCNN which can effectively screen out noisy sentence pairs, can benefit NMT much more than SMT.We observed a BLEU improvement over 3 points on an English-to-French WMT task when Bi-SSCNNs were used.

null

62,180

inproceedings

knowles-koehn-2016-neural

Neural Interactive Translation Prediction

Green, Spence and Schwartz, Lane

oct # " 28 - " # nov # " 1"

2016

Austin, TX, USA

The Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2016.amta-researchers.9/

Knowles, Rebecca and Koehn, Philipp

Conferences of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: MT Researchers' Track

107--120

We present an interactive translation prediction method based on neural machine translation. Even with the same translation quality of the underlying machine translation systems, the neural prediction method yields much higher word prediction accuracy (61.6{\%} vs. 43.3{\%}) than the traditional method based on search graphs, mainly due to better recovery from errors. We also develop efficient means to enable practical deployment.

null

62,181

inproceedings

chen-etal-2016-guided

Guided Alignment Training for Topic-Aware Neural Machine Translation

Green, Spence and Schwartz, Lane

oct # " 28 - " # nov # " 1"

2016

Austin, TX, USA

The Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2016.amta-researchers.10/

Chen, Wenhu and Matusov, Evgeny and Khadivi, Shahram and Peter, Jan-Thorsten

Conferences of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: MT Researchers' Track

121--134

In this paper, we propose an effective way for biasing the attention mechanism of a sequence-to-sequence neural machine translation (NMT) model towards the well-studied statistical word alignment models. We show that our novel guided alignment training approach improves translation quality on real-life e-commerce texts consisting of product titles and descriptions, overcoming the problems posed by many unknown words and a large type/token ratio. We also show that meta-data associated with input texts such as topic or category information can significantly improve translation quality when used as an additional signal to the decoder part of the network. With both novel features, the BLEU score of the NMT system on a product title set improves from 18.6 to 21.3{\%}. Even larger MT quality gains are obtained through domain adaptation of a general domain NMT system to e-commerce data. The developed NMT system also performs well on the IWSLT speech translation task, where an ensemble of four variant systems outperforms the phrase-based baseline by 2.1{\%} BLEU absolute.

null

62,182

inproceedings

martinez-matsumoto-2016-improving

Improving Neural Machine Translation on resource-limited pairs using auxiliary data of a third language

Green, Spence and Schwartz, Lane

oct # " 28 - " # nov # " 1"

2016

Austin, TX, USA

The Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2016.amta-researchers.11/

Martinez, Ander and Matsumoto, Yuji

Conferences of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: MT Researchers' Track

135--148

In the recent years interest in Deep Neural Networks (DNN) has grown in the field of Natural Language Processing, as new training methods have been proposed. The usage of DNN has achieved state-of-the-art performance in various areas. Neural Machine Translation (NMT) described by Bahdanau et al. (2014) and its successive variations have shown promising results. DNN, however, tend to over-fit on small data-sets, which makes this method impracticable for resource-limited language pairs. This article combines three different ideas (splitting words into smaller units, using an extra dataset of a related language pair and using monolingual data) for improving the performance of NMT models on language pairs with limited data. Our experiments show that, in some cases, our proposed approach to subword-units performs better than BPE (Byte pair encoding) and that auxiliary language-pairs and monolingual data can help improve the performance of languages with limited resources.

null

62,183

inproceedings

ghader-monz-2016-words

Which Words Matter in Defining Phrase Reordering Behavior in Statistical Machine Translation?

Green, Spence and Schwartz, Lane

oct # " 28 - " # nov # " 1"

2016

Austin, TX, USA

The Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2016.amta-researchers.12/

Ghader, Hamidreza and Monz, Christof

Conferences of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: MT Researchers' Track

149--162

Lexicalized and hierarchical reordering models use relative frequencies of fully lexicalized phrase pairs to learn phrase reordering distributions. This results in unreliable estimation for infrequent phrase pairs which also tend to be longer phrases. There are some smoothing techniques used to smooth the distributions in these models. But these techniques are unable to address the similarities between phrase pairs and their reordering distributions. We propose two models to use shorter sub-phrase pairs of an original phrase pair to smooth the phrase reordering distributions. In the first model we follow the classic idea of backing off to shorter histories commonly used in language model smoothing. In the second model, we use syntactic dependencies to identify the most relevant words in a phrase to back off to. We show how these models can be easily applied to existing lexicalized and hierarchical reordering models. Our models achieve improvements of up to 0.40 BLEU points in Chinese-English translation compared to a baseline which uses a regular lexicalized reordering model and a hierarchical reordering model. The results show that not all the words inside a phrase pair are equally important in defining phrase reordering behavior and shortening towards important words will decrease the sparsity problem for long phrase pairs.

null

62,184

inproceedings

hewitt-etal-2016-automatic

Automatic Construction of Morphologically Motivated Translation Models for Highly Inflected, Low-Resource Languages

Green, Spence and Schwartz, Lane

oct # " 28 - " # nov # " 1"

2016

Austin, TX, USA

The Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2016.amta-researchers.14/

Hewitt, John and Post, Matt and Yarowsky, David

Conferences of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: MT Researchers' Track

177--190

Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) of highly inflected, low-resource languages suffers from the problem of low bitext availability, which is exacerbated by large inflectional paradigms. When translating into English, rich source inflections have a high chance of being poorly estimated or out-of-vocabulary (OOV). We present a source language-agnostic system for automatically constructing phrase pairs from foreign-language inflections and their morphological analyses using manually constructed datasets, including Wiktionary. We then demonstrate the utility of these phrase tables in improving translation into English from Finnish, Czech, and Turkish in simulated low-resource settings, finding substantial gains in translation quality. We report up to +2.58 BLEU in a simulated low-resource setting and +1.65 BLEU in a moderateresource setting. We release our morphologically-motivated translation models, with tens of thousands of inflections in each of 8 languages.

null

62,186

inproceedings

alqahtani-etal-2016-investigating

Investigating the Impact of Various Partial Diacritization Schemes on {A}rabic-{E}nglish Statistical Machine Translation

Green, Spence and Schwartz, Lane

oct # " 28 - " # nov # " 1"

2016

Austin, TX, USA

The Association for Machine Translation in the Americas

https://aclanthology.org/2016.amta-researchers.15/

Alqahtani, Sawsan and Ghoneim, Mahmoud and Diab, Mona

Conferences of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas: MT Researchers' Track

191--204

Most diacritics in Arabic represent short vowels. In Arabic orthography, such diacritics are considered optional. The absence of these diacritics naturally leads to significant word ambiguity to top the inherent ambiguity present in fully diacritized words. Word ambiguity is a significant impediment for machine translation. Despite the ambiguity presented by lack of diacritization, context helps ameliorate the situation. Identifying the appropriate amount of diacritic restoration to reduce word sense ambiguity in the context of machine translation is the object of this paper. Diacritic marks help reduce the number of possible lexical word choices assigned to a source word which leads to better quality translated sentences. We investigate a variety of (linguistically motivated) partial diacritization schemes that preserve some of the semantics that in essence complement the implicit contextual information present in the sentences. We also study the effect of training data size and report results on three standard test sets that represent a combination of different genres. The results show statistically significant improvements for some schemes compared to two baselines: text with no diacritics (the typical writing system adopted for Arabic) and text that is fully diacritized.

null

62,187

article

roy-etal-2015-reasoning

Reasoning about Quantities in Natural Language

Collins, Michael and Lee, Lillian

null

2015

Cambridge, MA

MIT Press

https://aclanthology.org/Q15-1001/

Roy, Subhro and Vieira, Tim and Roth, Dan

null

1--13

Little work from the Natural Language Processing community has targeted the role of quantities in Natural Language Understanding. This paper takes some key steps towards facilitating reasoning about quantities expressed in natural language. We investigate two different tasks of numerical reasoning. First, we consider Quantity Entailment, a new task formulated to understand the role of quantities in general textual inference tasks. Second, we consider the problem of automatically understanding and solving elementary school math word problems. In order to address these quantitative reasoning problems we first develop a computational approach which we show to successfully recognize and normalize textual expressions of quantities. We then use these capabilities to further develop algorithms to assist reasoning in the context of the aforementioned tasks.

Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics

3

10.1162/tacl_a_00118

null

63,795

article

dutta-weikum-2015-cross

Cross-Document Co-Reference Resolution using Sample-Based Clustering with Knowledge Enrichment

Collins, Michael and Lee, Lillian

null

2015

Cambridge, MA

MIT Press

https://aclanthology.org/Q15-1002/

Dutta, Sourav and Weikum, Gerhard

null

15--28

Identifying and linking named entities across information sources is the basis of knowledge acquisition and at the heart of Web search, recommendations, and analytics. An important problem in this context is cross-document co-reference resolution (CCR): computing equivalence classes of textual mentions denoting the same entity, within and across documents. Prior methods employ ranking, clustering, or probabilistic graphical models using syntactic features and distant features from knowledge bases. However, these methods exhibit limitations regarding run-time and robustness. This paper presents the CROCS framework for unsupervised CCR, improving the state of the art in two ways. First, we extend the way knowledge bases are harnessed, by constructing a notion of semantic summaries for intra-document co-reference chains using co-occurring entity mentions belonging to different chains. Second, we reduce the computational cost by a new algorithm that embeds sample-based bisection, using spectral clustering or graph partitioning, in a hierarchical clustering process. This allows scaling up CCR to large corpora. Experiments with three datasets show significant gains in output quality, compared to the best prior methods, and the run-time efficiency of CROCS.

Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics

3

10.1162/tacl_a_00119

null

63,796

article

tackstrom-etal-2015-efficient

Efficient Inference and Structured Learning for Semantic Role Labeling

Collins, Michael and Lee, Lillian

null

2015

Cambridge, MA

MIT Press

https://aclanthology.org/Q15-1003/

T{\"ackstr{\"om, Oscar and Ganchev, Kuzman and Das, Dipanjan

null

29--41

We present a dynamic programming algorithm for efficient constrained inference in semantic role labeling. The algorithm tractably captures a majority of the structural constraints examined by prior work in this area, which has resorted to either approximate methods or off-the-shelf integer linear programming solvers. In addition, it allows training a globally-normalized log-linear model with respect to constrained conditional likelihood. We show that the dynamic program is several times faster than an off-the-shelf integer linear programming solver, while reaching the same solution. Furthermore, we show that our structured model results in significant improvements over its local counterpart, achieving state-of-the-art results on both PropBank- and FrameNet-annotated corpora.

Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics

3

10.1162/tacl_a_00120

null

63,797

article

paul-dredze-2015-sprite

{S}prite: Generalizing Topic Models with Structured Priors

Collins, Michael and Lee, Lillian

null

2015

Cambridge, MA

MIT Press

https://aclanthology.org/Q15-1004/

Paul, Michael J. and Dredze, Mark

null

43--57

We introduce Sprite, a family of topic models that incorporates structure into model priors as a function of underlying components. The structured priors can be constrained to model topic hierarchies, factorizations, correlations, and supervision, allowing Sprite to be tailored to particular settings. We demonstrate this flexibility by constructing a Sprite-based model to jointly infer topic hierarchies and author perspective, which we apply to corpora of political debates and online reviews. We show that the model learns intuitive topics, outperforming several other topic models at predictive tasks.

Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics

3

10.1162/tacl_a_00121

null

63,798