polygraf-ai/ACL-abstracts · Datasets at Hugging Face

inproceedings

cotterell-callison-burch-2014-multi

A Multi-Dialect, Multi-Genre Corpus of Informal Written {A}rabic

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1510/

Cotterell, Ryan and Callison-Burch, Chris

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

241--245

This paper presents a multi-dialect, multi-genre, human annotated corpus of dialectal Arabic. We collected utterances in five Arabic dialects: Levantine, Gulf, Egyptian, Iraqi and Maghrebi. We scraped newspaper websites for user commentary and Twitter for two distinct types of dialectal content. To the best of the authors knowledge, this work is the most diverse corpus of dialectal Arabic in both the source of the content and the number of dialects. Every utterance in the corpus was human annotated on Amazons Mechanical Turk; this stands in contrast to Al-Sabbagh and Girju (2012) where only a small subset was human annotated in order to train a classifier to automatically annotate the remainder of the corpus. We provide a discussion of the methodology used for the annotation in addition to the performance of the individual workers. We extend the Arabic dialect identification task to the Iraqi and Maghrebi dialects and improve the results of Zaidan and Callison-Burch (2011a) on Levantine, Gulf and Egyptian.

null

67,546

inproceedings

omodei-etal-2014-reconstructing

Mapping the Natural Language Processing Domain: Experiments using the {ACL} {A}nthology

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1511/

Omodei, Elisa and Cointet, Jean-Philippe and Poibeau, Thierry

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2972--2978

This paper investigates the evolution of the computational linguistics domain through a quantitative analysis of the ACL Anthology (containing around 12,000 papers published between 1985 and 2008). Our approach combines complex system methods with natural language processing techniques. We reconstruct the socio-semantic landscape of the domain by inferring a co-authorship and a semantic network from the analysis of the corpus. First, keywords are extracted using a hybrid approach mixing linguistic patterns with statistical information. Then, the semantic network is built using a co-occurrence analysis of these keywords within the corpus. Combining temporal and network analysis techniques, we are able to examine the main evolutions of the field and the more active subfields over time. Lastly we propose a model to explore the mutual influence of the social and the semantic network over time, leading to a socio-semantic co-evolutionary system.

null

67,547

inproceedings

van-erp-etal-2014-discovering

Discovering and Visualising Stories in News

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1512/

van Erp, Marieke and Satyukov, Gleb and Vossen, Piek and Nijsen, Marit

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3277--3282

Daily news streams often revolve around topics that span over a longer period of time such as the global financial crisis or the healthcare debate in the US. The length and depth of these stories can be such that they become difficult to track for information specialists who need to reconstruct exactly what happened for policy makers and companies. We present a framework to model stories from news: we describe the characteristics that make up interesting stories, how these translate to filters on our data and we present a first use case in which we detail the steps to visualising story lines extracted from news articles about the global automotive industry.

null

67,548

inproceedings

liu-etal-2014-supervised

Supervised Within-Document Event Coreference using Information Propagation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1513/

Liu, Zhengzhong and Araki, Jun and Hovy, Eduard and Mitamura, Teruko

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4539--4544

Event coreference is an important task for full text analysis. However, previous work uses a variety of approaches, sources and evaluation, making the literature confusing and the results incommensurate. We provide a description of the differences to facilitate future research. Second, we present a supervised method for event coreference resolution that uses a rich feature set and propagates information alternatively between events and their arguments, adapting appropriately for each type of argument.

null

67,549

inproceedings

aguiar-etal-2014-voce

{VOCE} Corpus: Ecologically Collected Speech Annotated with Physiological and Psychological Stress Assessments

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1514/

Aguiar, Ana and Kaiseler, Mariana and Meinedo, Hugo and Almeida, Pedro and Cunha, Mariana and Silva, Jorge

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1568--1574

Public speaking is a widely requested professional skill, and at the same time an activity that causes one of the most common adult phobias (Miller and Stone, 2009). It is also known that the study of stress under laboratory conditions, as it is most commonly done, may provide only limited ecological validity (Wilhelm and Grossman, 2010). Previously, we introduced an inter-disciplinary methodology to enable collecting a large amount of recordings under consistent conditions (Aguiar et al., 2013). This paper introduces the VOCE corpus of speech annotated with stress indicators under naturalistic public speaking (PS) settings, and makes it available at \url{http://paginas.fe.up.pt/voce/articles.html}. The novelty of this corpus is that the recordings are carried out in objectively stressful PS situations, as recommended in (Zanstra and Johnston, 2011). The current database contains a total of 38 recordings, 13 of which contain full psychologic and physiologic annotation. We show that the collected recordings validate the assumptions of the methodology, namely that participants experience stress during the PS events. We describe the various metrics that can be used for physiologic and psychologic annotation, and we characterise the sample collected so far, providing evidence that demographics do not affect the relevant psychologic or physiologic annotation. The collection activities are on-going, and we expect to increase the number of complete recordings in the corpus to 30 by June 2014.

null

67,550

inproceedings

mori-neubig-2014-language

Language Resource Addition: Dictionary or Corpus?

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1515/

Mori, Shinsuke and Neubig, Graham

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1631--1636

In this paper, we investigate the relative effect of two strategies of language resource additions to the word segmentation problem and part-of-speech tagging problem in Japanese. The first strategy is adding entries to the dictionary and the second is adding annotated sentences to the training corpus. The experimental results showed that the annotated sentence addition to the training corpus is better than the entries addition to the dictionary. And the annotated sentence addition is efficient especially when we add new words with contexts of three real occurrences as partially annotated sentences. According to this knowledge, we executed annotation on the invention disclosure texts and observed word segmentation accuracy.

null

67,551

inproceedings

cristoforetti-etal-2014-dirha

The {DIRHA} simulated corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1516/

Cristoforetti, Luca and Ravanelli, Mirco and Omologo, Maurizio and Sosi, Alessandro and Abad, Alberto and Hagmueller, Martin and Maragos, Petros

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2629--2634

This paper describes a multi-microphone multi-language acoustic corpus being developed under the EC project Distant-speech Interaction for Robust Home Applications (DIRHA). The corpus is composed of several sequences obtained by convolution of dry acoustic events with more than 9000 impulse responses measured in a real apartment equipped with 40 microphones. The acoustic events include in-domain sentences of different typologies uttered by native speakers in four different languages and non-speech events representing typical domestic noises. To increase the realism of the resulting corpus, background noises were recorded in the real home environment and then added to the generated sequences. The purpose of this work is to describe the simulation procedure and the data sets that were created and used to derive the corpus. The corpus contains signals of different characteristics making it suitable for various multi-microphone signal processing and distant speech recognition tasks.

null

67,552

inproceedings

hladek-etal-2014-slovak

The {S}lovak Categorized News Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1517/

Hladek, Daniel and Stas, Jan and Juhar, Jozef

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1705--1708

The presented corpus aims to be the first attempt to create a representative sample of the contemporary Slovak language from various domains with easy searching and automated processing. This first version of the corpus contains words and automatic morphological and named entity annotations and transcriptions of abbreviations and numerals. Integral part of the proposed paper is a word boundary and sentence boundary detection algorithm that utilizes characteristic features of the language.

null

67,553

inproceedings

quasthoff-etal-2014-high

High Quality Word Lists as a Resource for Multiple Purposes

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1518/

Quasthoff, Uwe and Goldhahn, Dirk and Eckart, Thomas and Hallsteinsd{\'o}ttir, Erla and Fiedler, Sabine

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2816--2819

Since 2011 the comprehensive, electronically available sources of the Leipzig Corpora Collection have been used consistently for the compilation of high quality word lists. The underlying corpora include newspaper texts, Wikipedia articles and other randomly collected Web texts. For many of the languages featured in this collection, it is the first comprehensive compilation to use a large-scale empirical base. The word lists have been used to compile dictionaries with comparable frequency data in the Frequency Dictionaries series. This includes frequency data of up to 1,000,000 word forms presented in alphabetical order. This article provides an introductory description of the data and the methodological approach used. In addition, language-specific statistical information is provided with regard to letters, word structure and structural changes. Such high quality word lists also provide the opportunity to explore comparative linguistic topics and such monolingual issues as studies of word formation and frequency-based examinations of lexical areas for use in dictionaries or language teaching. The results presented here can provide initial suggestions for subsequent work in several areas of research.

null

67,554

inproceedings

logacheva-specia-2014-quality

A Quality-based Active Sample Selection Strategy for Statistical Machine Translation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1519/

Logacheva, Varvara and Specia, Lucia

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2690--2695

This paper presents a new active learning technique for machine translation based on quality estimation of automatically translated sentences. It uses an error-driven strategy, i.e., it assumes that the more errors an automatically translated sentence contains, the more informative it is for the translation system. Our approach is based on a quality estimation technique which involves a wider range of features of the source text, automatic translation, and machine translation system compared to previous work. In addition, we enhance the machine translation system training data with post-edited machine translations of the sentences selected, instead of simulating this using previously created reference translations. We found that re-training systems with additional post-edited data yields higher quality translations regardless of the selection strategy used. We relate this to the fact that post-editions tend to be closer to source sentences as compared to references, making the rule extraction process more reliable.

null

67,555

inproceedings

ganitkevitch-callison-burch-2014-multilingual

The Multilingual Paraphrase Database

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1520/

Ganitkevitch, Juri and Callison-Burch, Chris

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4276--4283

We release a massive expansion of the paraphrase database (PPDB) that now includes a collection of paraphrases in 23 different languages. The resource is derived from large volumes of bilingual parallel data. Our collection is extracted and ranked using state of the art methods. The multilingual PPDB has over a billion paraphrase pairs in total, covering the following languages: Arabic, Bulgarian, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, Portugese, Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Slovenian, and Swedish.

null

67,556

inproceedings

van-zaanen-etal-2014-development

The Development of {D}utch and {A}frikaans Language Resources for Compound Boundary Analysis.

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1521/

van Zaanen, Menno and van Huyssteen, Gerhard and Aussems, Suzanne and Emmery, Chris and Eiselen, Roald

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1056--1062

In most languages, new words can be created through the process of compounding, which combines two or more words into a new lexical unit. Whereas in languages such as English the components that make up a compound are separated by a space, in languages such as Finnish, German, Afrikaans and Dutch these components are concatenated into one word. Compounding is very productive and leads to practical problems in developing machine translators and spelling checkers, as newly formed compounds cannot be found in existing lexicons. The Automatic Compound Processing (AuCoPro) project deals with the analysis of compounds in two closely-related languages, Afrikaans and Dutch. In this paper, we present the development and evaluation of two datasets, one for each language, that contain compound words with annotated compound boundaries. Such datasets can be used to train classifiers to identify the compound components in novel compounds. We describe the process of annotation and provide an overview of the annotation guidelines as well as global properties of the datasets. The inter-rater agreements between the annotators are considered highly reliable. Furthermore, we show the usability of these datasets by building an initial automatic compound boundary detection system, which assigns compound boundaries with approximately 90{\%} accuracy.

null

67,557

inproceedings

padro-etal-2014-language

Language Processing Infrastructure in the {XL}ike Project

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1522/

Padr{\'o}, Llu{\'i}s and Agi{\'c}, {\v{Z}}eljko and Carreras, Xavier and Fortuna, Blaz and Garc{\'i}a-Cuesta, Esteban and Li, Zhixing and {\v{S}}tajner, Tadej and Tadi{\'c}, Marko

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3811--3816

This paper presents the linguistic analysis tools and its infrastructure developed within the XLike project. The main goal of the implemented tools is to provide a set of functionalities for supporting some of the main objectives of XLike, such as enabling cross-lingual services for publishers, media monitoring or developing new business intelligence applications. The services cover seven major and minor languages: English, German, Spanish, Chinese, Catalan, Slovenian, and Croatian. These analyzers are provided as web services following a lightweight SOA architecture approach, and they are publically callable and are catalogued in META-SHARE.

null

67,558

inproceedings

thurmair-2014-conceptual

Conceptual transfer: Using local classifiers for transfer selection

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1523/

Thurmair, Gregor

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4387--4393

A key challenge for Machine Translation is transfer selection, i.e. to find the right translation for a given word from a set of alternatives (1:n). This problem becomes the more important the larger the dictionary is, as the number of alternatives increases. The contribution presents a novel approach for transfer selection, called conceptual transfer, where selection is done using classifiers based on the conceptual context of a translation candidate on the source language side. Such classifiers are built automatically by parallel corpus analysis: Creating subcorpora for each translation of a 1:n package, and identifying correlating concepts in these subcorpora as features of the classifier. The resulting resource can easily be linked to transfer components of MT systems as it does not depend on internal analysis structures. Tests show that conceptual transfer outperforms the selection techniques currently used in operational MT systems.

null

67,559

inproceedings

villegas-etal-2014-metadata

Metadata as Linked Open Data: mapping disparate {XML} metadata registries into one {RDF}/{OWL} registry.

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1524/

Villegas, Marta and Melero, Maite and Bel, N{\'u}ria

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

393--400

The proliferation of different metadata schemas and models pose serious problems of interoperability. Maintaining isolated repositories with overlapping data is costly in terms of time and effort. In this paper, we describe how we have achieved a Linked Open Data version of metadata descriptions coming from heterogeneous sources, originally encoded in XML. The resulting model is much simpler than the original XSD schema and avoids problems typical of XML syntax, such as semantic ambiguity and order constraint. Moreover, the open world assumption of RDF/OWL allows to naturally integrate objects from different schemas and to add further extensions, facilitating merging of different models as well as linking to external data. Apart from the advantages in terms of interoperability and maintainability, the merged repository enables end-users to query multiple sources using a unified schema and is able to present them with implicit knowledge derived from the linked data. The approach we present here is easily scalable to any number of sources and schemas.

null

67,560

inproceedings

detrez-etal-2014-sharing

Sharing resources between free/open-source rule-based machine translation systems: Grammatical Framework and Apertium

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1525/

D{\'e}trez, Gr{\'e}goire and S{\'a}nchez-Cartagena, V{\'i}ctor M. and Ranta, Aarne

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4394--4400

In this paper, we describe two methods developed for sharing linguistic data between two free and open source rule based machine translation systems: Apertium, a shallow-transfer system; and Grammatical Framework (GF), which performs a deeper syntactic transfer. In the first method, we describe the conversion of lexical data from Apertium to GF, while in the second one we automatically extract Apertium shallow-transfer rules from a GF bilingual grammar. We evaluated the resulting systems in a English-Spanish translation context, and results showed the usefulness of the resource sharing and confirmed the a-priori strong and weak points of the systems involved.

null

67,561

inproceedings

petasis-2014-annotating

Annotating Arguments: The {NOMAD} Collaborative Annotation Tool

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1526/

Petasis, Georgios

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1930--1937

The huge amount of the available information in the Web creates the need for effective information extraction systems that are able to produce metadata that satisfy user`s information needs. The development of such systems, in the majority of cases, depends on the availability of an appropriately annotated corpus in order to learn or evaluate extraction models. The production of such corpora can be significantly facilitated by annotation tools, which provide user-friendly facilities and enable annotators to annotate documents according to a predefined annotation schema. However, the construction of annotation tools that operate in a distributed environment is a challenging task: the majority of these tools are implemented as Web applications, having to cope with the capabilities offered by browsers. This paper describes the NOMAD collaborative annotation tool, which implements an alternative architecture: it remains a desktop application, fully exploiting the advantages of desktop applications, but provides collaborative annotation through the use of a centralised server for storing both the documents and their metadata, and instance messaging protocols for communicating events among all annotators. The annotation tool is implemented as a component of the Ellogon language engineering platform, exploiting its extensive annotation engine, its cross-platform abilities and its linguistic processing components, if such a need arises. Finally, the NOMAD annotation tool is distributed with an open source license, as part of the Ellogon platform.

null

67,562

inproceedings

maynard-greenwood-2014-cares

Who cares about Sarcastic Tweets? Investigating the Impact of Sarcasm on Sentiment Analysis.

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1527/

Maynard, Diana and Greenwood, Mark

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4238--4243

Sarcasm is a common phenomenon in social media, and is inherently difficult to analyse, not just automatically but often for humans too. It has an important effect on sentiment, but is usually ignored in social media analysis, because it is considered too tricky to handle. While there exist a few systems which can detect sarcasm, almost no work has been carried out on studying the effect that sarcasm has on sentiment in tweets, and on incorporating this into automatic tools for sentiment analysis. We perform an analysis of the effect of sarcasm scope on the polarity of tweets, and have compiled a number of rules which enable us to improve the accuracy of sentiment analysis when sarcasm is known to be present. We consider in particular the effect of sentiment and sarcasm contained in hashtags, and have developed a hashtag tokeniser for GATE, so that sentiment and sarcasm found within hashtags can be detected more easily. According to our experiments, the hashtag tokenisation achieves 98{\%} Precision, while the sarcasm detection achieved 91{\%} Precision and polarity detection 80{\%}.

null

67,563

inproceedings

artola-etal-2014-stream

A stream computing approach towards scalable {NLP}

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1528/

Artola, Xabier and Beloki, Zuhaitz and Soroa, Aitor

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

8--13

Computational power needs have grown dramatically in recent years. This is also the case in many language processing tasks, due to overwhelming quantities of textual information that must be processed in a reasonable time frame. This scenario has led to a paradigm shift in the computing architectures and large-scale data processing strategies used in the NLP field. In this paper we describe a series of experiments carried out in the context of the NewsReader project with the goal of analyzing the scaling capabilities of the language processing pipeline used in it. We explore the use of Storm in a new approach for scalable distributed language processing across multiple machines and evaluate its effectiveness and efficiency when processing documents on a medium and large scale. The experiments have shown that there is a big room for improvement regarding language processing performance when adopting parallel architectures, and that we might expect even better results with the use of large clusters with many processing nodes.

null

67,564

inproceedings

ulfarsdottir-2014-islex

{ISLEX} {---} a Multilingual Web Dictionary

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1529/

{\'U}lfarsd{\'o}ttir, {\TH}{\'o}rd{\'i}s

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2820--2825

ISLEX is a multilingual Scandinavian dictionary, with Icelandic as a source language and Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, Faroese and Finnish as target languages. Within ISLEX are in fact contained several independent, bilingual dictionaries. While Faroese and Finnish are still under construction, the other languages were opened to the public on the web in November 2011. The use of the dictionary is free of charge and it has been extremely well received by its users. The result of the project is threefold. Firstly, some long awaited Icelandic-Scandinavian dictionaries have been published on the digital medium. Secondly, the project has been an important experience in Nordic language collaboration by jointly building such a work in six countries simultaneously, by academic institutions in Iceland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, The Faroe Islands and Finland. Thirdly, the work has resulted in a compilation of structured linguistic data of the Nordic languages. This data is suitable for use in further lexicographic work and in various language technology projects.

null

67,565

inproceedings

sanguinetti-etal-2014-exploiting

Exploiting catenae in a parallel treebank alignment

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1530/

Sanguinetti, Manuela and Bosco, Cristina and Cupi, Loredana

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1824--1831

This paper aims to introduce the issues related to the syntactic alignment of a dependency-based multilingual parallel treebank, ParTUT. Our approach to the task starts from a lexical mapping and then attempts to expand it using dependency relations. In developing the system, however, we realized that the only dependency relations between the individual nodes were not sufficient to overcome some translation divergences, or shifts, especially in the absence of a direct lexical mapping and a different syntactic realization. For this purpose, we explored the use of a novel syntactic notion introduced in dependency theoretical framework, i.e. that of catena (Latin for {\textquotedblleft}chain{\textquotedblright}), which is intended as a group of words that are continuous with respect to dominance. In relation to the task of aligning parallel dependency structures, catenae can be used to explain and identify those cases of one-to-many or many-to-many correspondences, typical of several translation shifts, that cannot be detected by means of direct word-based mappings or bare syntactic relations. The paper presented here describes the overall structure of the alignment system as it has been currently designed, how catenae are extracted from the parallel resource, and their potential relevance to the completion of tree alignment in ParTUT sentences.

null

67,566

inproceedings

temnikova-etal-2014-sublanguage

Sublanguage Corpus Analysis Toolkit: A tool for assessing the representativeness and sublanguage characteristics of corpora

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1531/

Temnikova, Irina and Baumgartner Jr., William A. and Hailu, Negacy D. and Nikolova, Ivelina and McEnery, Tony and Kilgarriff, Adam and Angelova, Galia and Cohen, K. Bretonnel

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1714--1718

Sublanguages are varieties of language that form subsets of the general language, typically exhibiting particular types of lexical, semantic, and other restrictions and deviance. SubCAT, the Sublanguage Corpus Analysis Toolkit, assesses the representativeness and closure properties of corpora to analyze the extent to which they are either sublanguages, or representative samples of the general language. The current version of SubCAT contains scripts and applications for assessing lexical closure, morphological closure, sentence type closure, over-represented words, and syntactic deviance. Its operation is illustrated with three case studies concerning scientific journal articles, patents, and clinical records. Materials from two language families are analyzed{\textemdash}English (Germanic), and Bulgarian (Slavic). The software is available at sublanguage.sourceforge.net under a liberal Open Source license.

null

67,567

inproceedings

seretan-etal-2014-large

A Large-Scale Evaluation of Pre-editing Strategies for Improving User-Generated Content Translation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1532/

Seretan, Violeta and Bouillon, Pierrette and Gerlach, Johanna

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1793--1799

The user-generated content represents an increasing share of the information available today. To make this type of content instantly accessible in another language, the ACCEPT project focuses on developing pre-editing technologies for correcting the source text in order to increase its translatability. Linguistically-informed pre-editing rules have been developed for English and French for the two domains considered by the project, namely, the technical domain and the healthcare domain. In this paper, we present the evaluation experiments carried out to assess the impact of the proposed pre-editing rules on translation quality. Results from a large-scale evaluation campaign show that pre-editing helps indeed attain a better translation quality for a high proportion of the data, the difference with the number of cases where the adverse effect is observed being statistically significant. The ACCEPT pre-editing technology is freely available online and can be used in any Web-based environment to enhance the translatability of user-generated content so that it reaches a broader audience.

null

67,568

inproceedings

helgadottir-etal-2014-correcting

Correcting Errors in a New Gold Standard for Tagging {I}celandic Text

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1533/

Helgad{\'ottir, Sigr{\'un and Loftsson, Hrafn and R{\"ognvaldsson, Eir{\'ikur

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2944--2948

In this paper, we describe the correction of PoS tags in a new Icelandic corpus, MIM-GOLD, consisting of about 1 million tokens sampled from the Tagged Icelandic Corpus, M{\'I}M, released in 2013. The goal is to use the corpus, among other things, as a new gold standard for training and testing PoS taggers. The construction of the corpus was first described in 2010 together with preliminary work on error detection and correction. In this paper, we describe further the correction of tags in the corpus. We describe manual correction and a method for semi-automatic error detection and correction. We show that, even after manual correction, the number of tagging errors in the corpus can be reduced significantly by applying our semi-automatic detection and correction method. After the semi-automatic error correction, preliminary evaluation of tagging accuracy shows very low error rates. We hope that the existence of the corpus will make it possible to improve PoS taggers for Icelandic text.

null

67,569

inproceedings

daille-hazem-2014-semi

Semi-compositional Method for Synonym Extraction of Multi-Word Terms

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1534/

Daille, B{\'e}atrice and Hazem, Amir

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1202--1207

Automatic synonyms and semantically related word extraction is a challenging task, useful in many NLP applications such as question answering, search query expansion, text summarization, etc. While different studies addressed the task of word synonym extraction, only a few investigations tackled the problem of acquiring synonyms of multi-word terms (MWT) from specialized corpora. To extract pairs of synonyms of multi-word terms, we propose in this paper an unsupervised semi-compositional method that makes use of distributional semantics and exploit the compositional property shared by most MWT. We show that our method outperforms significantly the state-of-the-art.

null

67,570

inproceedings

pleva-juhar-2014-tuke

{TUKE}-{BN}ews-{SK}: {S}lovak Broadcast News Corpus Construction and Evaluation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1535/

Pleva, Mat{\'u}{\v{s}} and Juh{\'a}r, Jozef

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1709--1713

This article presents an overview of the existing acoustical corpuses suitable for broadcast news automatic transcription task in the Slovak language. The TUKE-BNews-SK database created in our department was built to support the application development for automatic broadcast news processing and spontaneous speech recognition of the Slovak language. The audio corpus is composed of 479 Slovak TV broadcast news shows from public Slovak television called STV1 or Jednotka containing 265 hours of material and 186 hours of clean transcribed speech (4 hours subset extracted for testing purposes). The recordings were manually transcribed using Transcriber tool modified for Slovak annotators and automatic Slovak spell checking. The corpus design, acquisition, annotation scheme and pronunciation transcription is described together with corpus statistics and tools used. Finally the evaluation procedure using automatic speech recognition is presented on the broadcast news and parliamentary speeches test sets.

null

67,571

inproceedings

oravecz-etal-2014-hungarian

The {H}ungarian {G}igaword Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1536/

Oravecz, Csaba and V{\'a}radi, Tam{\'a}s and Sass, B{\'a}lint

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1719--1723

The paper reports on the development of the Hungarian Gigaword Corpus (HGC), an extended new edition of the Hungarian National Corpus, with upgraded and redesigned linguistic annotation and an increased size of 1.5 billion tokens. Issues concerning the standard steps of corpus collection and preparation are discussed with special emphasis on linguistic analysis and annotation due to Hungarian having some challenging characteristics with respect to computational processing. As the HGC is designed to serve as a resource for a wide range of linguistic research as well as for the interested public, a number of issues had to be resolved which were raised by trying to find a balance between the above two application areas. The following main objectives have been defined for the development of the HGC, focusing on the pivotal concept of increase in: - size: extending the corpus to minimum 1 billion words, - quality: using new technology for development and analysis, - coverage and representativity: taking new samples of language use and including further variants (transcribed spoken language data and user generated content (social media) from the internet in particular).

null

67,572

inproceedings

sachdeva-etal-2014-hindi

{H}indi to {E}nglish Machine Translation: Using Effective Selection in Multi-Model {SMT}

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1537/

Sachdeva, Kunal and Srivastava, Rishabh and Jain, Sambhav and Sharma, Dipti

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1807--1811

Recent studies in machine translation support the fact that multi-model systems perform better than the individual models. In this paper, we describe a Hindi to English statistical machine translation system and improve over the baseline using multiple translation models. We have considered phrase based as well as hierarchical models and enhanced over both these baselines using a regression model. The system is trained over textual as well as syntactic features extracted from source and target of the aforementioned translations. Our system shows significant improvement over the baseline systems for both automatic as well as human evaluations. The proposed methodology is quite generic and easily be extended to other language pairs as well.

null

67,573

inproceedings

di-buono-monteleone-2014-natural

From Natural Language to Ontology Population in the Cultural Heritage Domain. A Computational Linguistics-based approach.

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1538/

di Buono, Maria Pia and Monteleone, Mario

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3661--3666

This paper presents an on-going Natural Language Processing (NLP) research based on Lexicon-Grammar (LG) and aimed at improving knowledge management of Cultural Heritage (CH) domain. We intend to demonstrate how our language formalization technique can be applied for both processing and populating a domain ontology. We also use NLP techniques for text extraction and mining to fill information gaps and improve access to cultural resources. The Linguistic Resources (LRs, i.e. electronic dictionaries) we built can be used in the structuring of effective Knowledge Management Systems (KMSs). In order to apply to Parts of Speech (POS) the classes and properties defined by the Conseil Interational des Musees (CIDOC) Conceptual Reference Model (CRM), we use Finite State Transducers/Automata (FSTs/FSA) and their variables built in the form of graphs. FSTs/FSA are also used for analysing corpora in order to retrieve recursive sentence structures, in which combinatorial and semantic constraints identify properties and denote relationship. Besides, FSTs/FSA are also used to match our electronic dictionary entries (ALUs, or Atomic Linguistic Units) to RDF subject, object and predicate (SKOS Core Vocabulary). This matching of linguistic data to RDF and their translation into SPARQL/SERQL path expressions allows the use ALUs to process natural-language queries.

null

67,574

inproceedings

wattam-etal-2014-experiences

Experiences with Parallelisation of an Existing {NLP} Pipeline: Tagging {H}ansard

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1539/

Wattam, Stephen and Rayson, Paul and Alexander, Marc and Anderson, Jean

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4093--4096

This poster describes experiences processing the two-billion-word Hansard corpus using a fairly standard NLP pipeline on a high performance cluster. Herein we report how we were able to parallelise and apply a traditional single-threaded batch-oriented application to a platform that differs greatly from that for which it was originally designed. We start by discussing the tagging toolchain, its specific requirements and properties, and its performance characteristics. This is contrasted with a description of the cluster on which it was to run, and specific limitations are discussed such as the overhead of using SAN-based storage. We then go on to discuss the nature of the Hansard corpus, and describe which properties of this corpus in particular prove challenging for use on the system architecture used. The solution for tagging the corpus is then described, along with performance comparisons against a naive run on commodity hardware. We discuss the gains and benefits of using high-performance machinery rather than relatively cheap commodity hardware. Our poster provides a valuable scenario for large scale NLP pipelines and lessons learnt from the experience.

null

67,575

inproceedings

hahm-etal-2014-named

Named Entity Corpus Construction using {W}ikipedia and {DB}pedia Ontology

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1540/

Hahm, Younggyun and Park, Jungyeul and Lim, Kyungtae and Kim, Youngsik and Hwang, Dosam and Choi, Key-Sun

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2565--2569

In this paper, we propose a novel method to automatically build a named entity corpus based on the DBpedia ontology. Since most of named entity recognition systems require time and effort consuming annotation tasks as training data. Work on NER has thus for been limited on certain languages like English that are resource-abundant in general. As an alternative, we suggest that the NE corpus generated by our proposed method, can be used as training data. Our approach introduces Wikipedia as a raw text and uses the DBpedia data set for named entity disambiguation. Our method is language-independent and easy to be applied to many different languages where Wikipedia and DBpedia are provided. Throughout the paper, we demonstrate that our NE corpus is of comparable quality even to the manually annotated NE corpus.

null

67,576

inproceedings

callejas-etal-2014-model

A model to generate adaptive multimodal job interviews with a virtual recruiter

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1541/

Callejas, Zoraida and Ravenet, Brian and Ochs, Magalie and Pelachaud, Catherine

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3615--3619

This paper presents an adaptive model of multimodal social behavior for embodied conversational agents. The context of this research is the training of youngsters for job interviews in a serious game where the agent plays the role of a virtual recruiter. With the proposed model the agent is able to adapt its social behavior according to the anxiety level of the trainee and a predefined difficulty level of the game. This information is used to select the objective of the system (to challenge or comfort the user), which is achieved by selecting the complexity of the next question posed and the agent`s verbal and non-verbal behavior. We have carried out a perceptive study that shows that the multimodal behavior of an agent implementing our model successfully conveys the expected social attitudes.

null

67,577

inproceedings

agic-ljubesic-2014-setimes

The {SET}imes.{HR} Linguistically Annotated Corpus of {C}roatian

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1542/

Agi{\'c}, {\v{Z}}eljko and Ljube{\v{s}}i{\'c}, Nikola

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1724--1727

We present SETimes.HR {\textemdash} the first linguistically annotated corpus of Croatian that is freely available for all purposes. The corpus is built on top of the SETimes parallel corpus of nine Southeast European languages and English. It is manually annotated for lemmas, morphosyntactic tags, named entities and dependency syntax. We couple the corpus with domain-sensitive test sets for Croatian and Serbian to support direct model transfer evaluation between these closely related languages. We build and evaluate statistical models for lemmatization, morphosyntactic tagging, named entity recognition and dependency parsing on top of SETimes.HR and the test sets, providing the state of the art in all the tasks. We make all resources presented in the paper freely available under a very permissive licensing scheme.

null

67,578

inproceedings

francom-etal-2014-activ

{ACTIV}-{ES}: a comparable, cross-dialect corpus of {\textquoteleft}everyday' {S}panish from {A}rgentina, {M}exico, and {S}pain

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1543/

Francom, Jerid and Hulden, Mans and Ussishkin, Adam

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1733--1737

Corpus resources for Spanish have proved invaluable for a number of applications in a wide variety of fields. However, a majority of resources are based on formal, written language and/or are not built to model language variation between varieties of the Spanish language, despite the fact that most language in everyday use is informal/ dialogue-based and shows rich regional variation. This paper outlines the development and evaluation of the ACTIV-ES corpus, a first-step to produce a comparable, cross-dialect corpus representative of the everyday language of various regions of the Spanish-speaking world.

null

67,579

inproceedings

pho-etal-2014-multiple

Multiple Choice Question Corpus Analysis for Distractor Characterization

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1544/

Pho, Van-Minh and Andr{\'e}, Thibault and Ligozat, Anne-Laure and Grau, Brigitte and Illouz, Gabriel and Fran{\c{c}}ois, Thomas

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4284--4291

In this paper, we present a study of MCQ aiming to define criteria in order to automatically select distractors. We are aiming to show that distractor editing follows rules like syntactic and semantic homogeneity according to associated answer, and the possibility to automatically identify this homogeneity. Manual analysis shows that homogeneity rule is respected to edit distractors and automatic analysis shows the possibility to reproduce these criteria. These ones can be used in future works to automatically select distractors, with the combination of other criteria.

null

67,580

inproceedings

agic-etal-2014-croatian

{C}roatian Dependency Treebank 2.0: New Annotation Guidelines for Improved Parsing

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1545/

Agi{\'c}, {\v{Z}}eljko and Berovi{\'c}, Da{\v{s}}a and Merkler, Danijela and Tadi{\'c}, Marko

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2313--2319

We present a new version of the Croatian Dependency Treebank. It constitutes a slight departure from the previously closely observed Prague Dependency Treebank syntactic layer annotation guidelines as we introduce a new subset of syntactic tags on top of the existing tagset. These new tags are used in explicit annotation of subordinate clauses via subordinate conjunctions. Introducing the new annotation to Croatian Dependency Treebank, we also modify head attachment rules addressing subordinate conjunctions and subordinate clause predicates. In an experiment with data-driven dependency parsing, we show that implementing these new annotation guidelines leeds to a statistically significant improvement in parsing accuracy. We also observe a substantial improvement in inter-annotator agreement, facilitating more consistent annotation in further treebank development.

null

67,581

inproceedings

gretter-2014-euronews

{E}uronews: a multilingual speech corpus for {ASR}

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1546/

Gretter, Roberto

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2635--2638

In this paper we present a multilingual speech corpus, designed for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) purposes. Data come from the portal Euronews and were acquired both from the Web and from TV. The corpus includes data in 10 languages (Arabic, English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish and Turkish) and was designed both to train AMs and to evaluate ASR performance. For each language, the corpus is composed of about 100 hours of speech for training (60 for Polish) and about 4 hours, manually transcribed, for testing. Training data include the audio, some reference text, the ASR output and their alignment. We plan to make public at least part of the benchmark in view of a multilingual ASR benchmark for IWSLT 2014.

null

67,582

inproceedings

ghayoomi-etal-2014-constituency

Constituency Parsing of {B}ulgarian: Word- vs Class-based Parsing

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1547/

Ghayoomi, Masood and Simov, Kiril and Osenova, Petya

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4056--4060

In this paper, we report the obtained results of two constituency parsers trained with BulTreeBank, an HPSG-based treebank for Bulgarian. To reduce the data sparsity problem, we propose using the Brown word clustering to do an off-line clustering and map the words in the treebank to create a class-based treebank. The observations show that when the classes outnumber the POS tags, the results are better. Since this approach adds on another dimension of abstraction (in comparison to the lemma), its coarse-grained representation can be used further for training statistical parsers.

null

67,583

inproceedings

paetzel-etal-2014-multimodal

A Multimodal Corpus of Rapid Dialogue Games

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1548/

Paetzel, Maike and Racca, David Nicolas and DeVault, David

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4189--4195

This paper presents a multimodal corpus of spoken human-human dialogues collected as participants played a series of Rapid Dialogue Games (RDGs). The corpus consists of a collection of about 11 hours of spoken audio, video, and Microsoft Kinect data taken from 384 game interactions (dialogues). The games used for collecting the corpus required participants to give verbal descriptions of linguistic expressions or visual images and were specifically designed to engage players in a fast-paced conversation under time pressure. As a result, the corpus contains many examples of participants attempting to communicate quickly in specific game situations, and it also includes a variety of spontaneous conversational phenomena such as hesitations, filled pauses, overlapping speech, and low-latency responses. The corpus has been created to facilitate research in incremental speech processing for spoken dialogue systems. Potentially, the corpus could be used in several areas of speech and language research, including speech recognition, natural language understanding, natural language generation, and dialogue management.

null

67,584

inproceedings

orozco-arroyave-etal-2014-new

New {S}panish speech corpus database for the analysis of people suffering from {P}arkinson`s disease

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1549/

Orozco-Arroyave, Juan Rafael and Arias-Londo{\~no, Juli{\'an David and Vargas-Bonilla, Jes{\'us Francisco and Gonz{\'alez-R{\'ativa, Mar{\'ia Claudia and N{\"oth, Elmar

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

342--347

Parkinsons disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer`s, affecting about 1{\%} of the people older than 65 and about 89{\%} of the people with PD develop different speech disorders. Different researchers are currently working in the analysis of speech of people with PD, including the study of different dimensions in speech such as phonation, articulation,prosody and intelligibility. The study of phonation and articulation has been addressed mainly considering sustained vowels; however, the analysis of prosody and intelligibility requires the inclusion of words, sentences and monologue. In this paper we present a new database with speech recordings of 50 patients with PD and their respective healthy controls, matched by age and gender. All of the participants are Spanish native speakers and the recordings were collected following a protocol that considers both technical requirements and several recommendations given by experts in linguistics, phoniatry and neurology. This corpus includes tasks such as sustained phonations of the vowels, diadochokinetic evaluation, 45 words, 10 sentences, a reading text and a monologue. The paper also includes results of the characterization of the Spanish vowels considering different measures used in other works to characterize different speech impairments.

null

67,585

inproceedings

martens-passarotti-2014-thomas

{Thomas {Aquinas in the {T{\"u{NDRA: Integrating the Index {Thomisticus Treebank into {CLARIN-{D

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1550/

Martens, Scott and Passarotti, Marco

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

767--774

This paper describes the integration of the Index Thomisticus Treebank (IT-TB) into the web-based treebank search and visualization application TueNDRA (Tuebingen aNnotated Data Retrieval {\&} Analysis). TueNDRA was originally designed to provide access via the Internet to constituency treebanks and to tools for searching and visualizing them, as well as tabulating statistics about their contents. TueNDRA has now been extended to also provide full support for dependency treebanks with non-projective dependencies, in order to integrate the IT-TB and future treebanks with similar properties. These treebanks are queried using an adapted form of the TIGERSearch query language, which can search both hierarchical and sequential information in treebanks in a single query. As a web application, making the IT-TB accessible via TueNDRA makes the treebank and the tools to use of it available to a large community without having to distribute software and show users how to install it.

null

67,586

inproceedings

anick-etal-2014-identification

Identification of Technology Terms in Patents

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1551/

Anick, Peter and Verhagen, Marc and Pustejovsky, James

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2008--2014

Natural language analysis of patents holds promise for the development of tools designed to assist analysts in the monitoring of emerging technologies. One component of such tools is the identification of technology terms. We describe an approach to the discovery of technology terms using supervised machine learning and evaluate its performance on subsets of patents in three languages: English, German, and Chinese.

null

67,587

inproceedings

kliegr-zamazal-2014-towards

Towards Linked Hypernyms Dataset 2.0: complementing {DB}pedia with hypernym discovery

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1552/

Kliegr, Tom{\'a}{\v{s}} and Zamazal, Ond{\v{r}}ej

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3517--3523

This paper presents a statistical type inference algorithm for ontology alignment, which assigns DBpedia entities with a new type (class). To infer types for a specific entity, the algorithm first identifies types that co-occur with the type the entity already has, and subsequently prunes the set of candidates for the most confident one. The algorithm has one parameter for balancing specificity/reliability of the resulting type selection. The proposed algorithm is used to complement the types in the LHD dataset, which is RDF knowledge base populated by identifying hypernyms from the free text of Wikipedia articles. The majority of types assigned to entities in LHD 1.0 are DBpedia resources. Through the statistical type inference, the number of entities with a type from DBpedia Ontology is increased significantly: by 750 thousand entities for the English dataset, 200.000 for Dutch and 440.000 for German. The accuracy of the inferred types is at 0.65 for English (as compared to 0.86 for LHD 1.0 types). A byproduct of the mapping process is a set of 11.000 mappings from DBpedia resources to DBpedia Ontology classes with associated confidence values. The number of the resulting mappings is an order of magnitude larger than what can be achieved with standard ontology alignment algorithms (Falcon, LogMapLt and YAM++), which do not utilize the type co-occurrence information. The presented algorithm is not restricted to the LHD dataset, it can be used to address generic type inference problems in presence of class membership information for a large number of instances.

null

67,588

inproceedings

bejcek-etal-2014-automatic

Automatic Mapping Lexical Resources: A Lexical Unit as the Keystone

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1553/

Bej{\v{c}}ek, Eduard and Kettnerov{\'a}, V{\'a}clava and Lopatkov{\'a}, Mark{\'e}ta

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2826--2832

This paper presents the fully automatic linking of two valency lexicons of Czech verbs: VALLEX and PDT-VALLEX. Despite the same theoretical background adopted by these lexicons and the same linguistic phenomena they focus on, the fully automatic mapping of these resouces is not straightforward. We demonstrate that converting these lexicons into a common format represents a relatively easy part of the task whereas the automatic identification of pairs of corresponding valency frames (representing lexical units of verbs) poses difficulties. The overall achieved precision of 81{\%} can be considered satisfactory. However, the higher number of lexical units a verb has, the lower the precision of their automatic mapping usually is. Moreover, we show that especially (i) supplementing further information on lexical units and (ii) revealing and reconciling regular discrepancies in their annotations can greatly assist in the automatic merging.

null

67,589

inproceedings

heylen-etal-2014-termwise

{T}erm{W}ise: A {CAT}-tool with Context-Sensitive Terminological Support.

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1554/

Heylen, Kris and Bond, Stephen and De Hertog, Dirk and Vuli{\'c}, Ivan and Kockaert, Hendrik

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4018--4022

Increasingly, large bilingual document collections are being made available online, especially in the legal domain. This type of Big Data is a valuable resource that specialized translators exploit to search for informative examples of how domain-specific expressions should be translated. However, general purpose search engines are not optimized to retrieve previous translations that are maximally relevant to a translator. In this paper, we report on the TermWise project, a cooperation of terminologists, corpus linguists and computer scientists, that aims to leverage big online translation data for terminological support to legal translators at the Belgian Federal Ministry of Justice. The project developed dedicated knowledge extraction algorithms and a server-based tool to provide translators with the most relevant previous translations of domain-specific expressions relative to the current translation assignment. The functionality is implemented an extra database, a Term{\&}Phrase Memory, that is meant to be integrated with existing Computer Assisted Translation tools. In the paper, we give an overview of the system, give a demo of the user interface, we present a user-based evaluation by translators and discuss how the tool is part of the general evolution towards exploiting Big Data in translation.

null

67,590

inproceedings

sakti-etal-2014-towards

Towards Multilingual Conversations in the Medical Domain: Development of Multilingual Medical Data and A Network-based {ASR} System

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1556/

Sakti, Sakriani and Kubo, Keigo and Matsumiya, Sho and Neubig, Graham and Toda, Tomoki and Nakamura, Satoshi and Adachi, Fumihiro and Isotani, Ryosuke

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2639--2643

This paper outlines the recent development on multilingual medical data and multilingual speech recognition system for network-based speech-to-speech translation in the medical domain. The overall speech-to-speech translation (S2ST) system was designed to translate spoken utterances from a given source language into a target language in order to facilitate multilingual conversations and reduce the problems caused by language barriers in medical situations. Our final system utilizes a weighted finite-state transducers with n-gram language models. Currently, the system successfully covers three languages: Japanese, English, and Chinese. The difficulties involved in connecting Japanese, English and Chinese speech recognition systems through Web servers will be discussed, and the experimental results in simulated medical conversation will also be presented.

null

67,592

inproceedings

bigi-etal-2014-automatic

Automatic detection of other-repetition occurrences: application to {F}rench conversational Speech

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1557/

Bigi, Brigitte and Bertrand, Roxane and Guardiola, Mathilde

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

836--842

This paper investigates the discursive phenomenon called other-repetitions (OR), particularly in the context of spontaneous French dialogues. It focuses on their automatic detection and characterization. A method is proposed to retrieve automatically OR: this detection is based on rules that are applied on the lexical material only. This automatic detection process has been used to label other-repetitions on 8 dialogues of CID - Corpus of Interactional Data. Evaluations performed on one speaker are good with a F1-measure of 0.85. Retrieved OR occurrences are then statistically described: number of words, distance, etc.

null

67,593

inproceedings

zgank-etal-2014-slovene

The {S}lovene {BNSI} Broadcast News database and reference speech corpus {GOS}: Towards the uniform guidelines for future work

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1558/

{\v{Z}}gank, Andrej and Vitez, Ana Zwitter and Verdonik, Darinka

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2644--2647

The aim of the paper is to search for common guidelines for the future development of speech databases for less resourced languages in order to make them the most useful for both main fields of their use, linguistic research and speech technologies. We compare two standards for creating speech databases, one followed when developing the Slovene speech database for automatic speech recognition {\textemdash} BNSI Broadcast News, the other followed when developing the Slovene reference speech corpus GOS, and outline possible common guidelines for future work. We also present an add-on for the GOS corpus, which enables its usage for automatic speech recognition.

null

67,594

inproceedings

bartolini-etal-2014-synsets

From Synsets to Videos: Enriching {I}tal{W}ord{N}et Multimodally

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1559/

Bartolini, Roberto and Quochi, Valeria and De Felice, Irene and Russo, Irene and Monachini, Monica

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3110--3117

The paper describes the multimodal enrichment of ItalWordNet action verbs entries by means of an automatic mapping with an ontology of action types instantiated by video scenes (ImagAct). The two resources present important differences as well as interesting complementary features, such that a mapping of these two resources can lead to a an enrichment of IWN, through the connection between synsets and videos apt to illustrate the meaning described by glosses. Here, we describe an approach inspired by ontology matching methods for the automatic mapping of ImagAct video scened onto ItalWordNet sense. The experiments described in the paper are conducted on Italian, but the same methodology can be extended to other languages for which WordNets have been created, since ImagAct is done also for English, Chinese and Spanish. This source of multimodal information can be exploited to design second language learning tools, as well as for language grounding in video action recognition and potentially for robotics.

null

67,595

inproceedings

daudaravicius-2014-language

Language Editing Dataset of Academic Texts

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1560/

Daudaravi{\v{c}}ius, Vidas

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1738--1742

We describe the VTeX Language Editing Dataset of Academic Texts (LEDAT), a dataset of text extracts from scientific papers that were edited by professional native English language editors at VTeX. The goal of the LEDAT is to provide a large data resource for the development of language evaluation and grammar error correction systems for the scientific community. We describe the data collection and the compilation process of the LEDAT. The new dataset can be used in many NLP studies and applications where deeper knowledge of the academic language and language editing is required. The dataset can be used also as a knowledge base of English academic language to support many writers of scientific papers.

null

67,596

inproceedings

varjokallio-kurimo-2014-toolkit

A Toolkit for Efficient Learning of Lexical Units for Speech Recognition

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1561/

Varjokallio, Matti and Kurimo, Mikko

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3072--3075

String segmentation is an important and recurring problem in natural language processing and other domains. For morphologically rich languages, the amount of different word forms caused by morphological processes like agglutination, compounding and inflection, may be huge and causes problems for traditional word-based language modeling approach. Segmenting text into better modelable units is thus an important part of the modeling task. This work presents methods and a toolkit for learning segmentation models from text. The methods may be applied to lexical unit selection for speech recognition and also other segmentation tasks.

null

67,597

inproceedings

ishimoto-etal-2014-towards

Towards Automatic Transformation between Different Transcription Conventions: Prediction of Intonation Markers from Linguistic and Acoustic Features

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1562/

Ishimoto, Yuichi and Tsuchiya, Tomoyuki and Koiso, Hanae and Den, Yasuharu

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

311--315

Because of the tremendous effort required for recording and transcription, large-scale spoken language corpora have been hardly developed in Japanese, with a notable exception of the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese (CSJ). Various research groups have individually developed conversation corpora in Japanese, but these corpora are transcribed by different conventions and have few annotations in common, and some of them lack fundamental annotations, which are prerequisites for conversation research. To solve this situation by sharing existing conversation corpora that cover diverse styles and settings, we have tried to automatically transform a transcription made by one convention into that made by another convention. Using a conversation corpus transcribed in both the Conversation-Analysis-style (CA-style) and CSJ-style, we analyzed the correspondence between CA`s {\textquoteleft}intonation markers' and CSJ`s {\textquoteleft}tone labels,' and constructed a statistical model that converts tone labels into intonation markers with reference to linguistic and acoustic features of the speech. The result showed that there is considerable variance in intonation marking even between trained transcribers. The model predicted with 85{\%} accuracy the presence of the intonation markers, and classified the types of the markers with 72{\%} accuracy.

null

67,598

inproceedings

noguchi-etal-2014-japanese

{J}apanese conversation corpus for training and evaluation of backchannel prediction model.

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1563/

Noguchi, Hiroaki and Katagiri, Yasuhiro and Den, Yasuharu

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4429--4433

In this paper, we propose an experimental method for building a specialized corpus for training and evaluating backchannel prediction models of spoken dialogue. To develop a backchannel prediction model using a machine learning technique, it is necessary to discriminate between the timings of the interlocutor s speech when more listeners commonly respond with backchannels and the timings when fewer listeners do so. The proposed corpus indicates the normative timings for backchannels in each speech with millisecond accuracy. In the proposed method, we first extracted each speech comprising a single turn from recorded conversation. Second, we presented these speeches as stimuli to 89 participants and asked them to respond by key hitting whenever they thought it appropriate to respond with a backchannel. In this way, we collected 28983 responses. Third, we applied the Gaussian mixture model to the temporal distribution of the responses and estimated the center of Gaussian distribution, that is, the backchannel relevance place (BRP), in each case. Finally, we synthesized 10 pairs of stereo speech stimuli and asked 19 participants to rate each on a 7-point scale of naturalness. The results show that backchannels inserted at BRPs were significantly higher than those in the original condition.

null

67,599

inproceedings

gorisch-etal-2014-aix

Aix Map Task corpus: The {F}rench multimodal corpus of task-oriented dialogue

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1564/

Gorisch, Jan and Ast{\'e}sano, Corine and Bard, Ellen Gurman and Bigi, Brigitte and Pr{\'e}vot, Laurent

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2648--2652

This paper introduces the Aix Map Task corpus, a corpus of audio and video recordings of task-oriented dialogues. It was modelled after the original HCRC Map Task corpus. Lexical material was designed for the analysis of speech and prosody, as described in Ast{\'e}sano et al. (2007). The design of the lexical material, the protocol and some basic quantitative features of the existing corpus are presented. The corpus was collected under two communicative conditions, one audio-only condition and one face-to-face condition. The recordings took place in a studio and a sound attenuated booth respectively, with head-set microphones (and in the face-to-face condition with two video cameras). The recordings have been segmented into Inter-Pausal-Units and transcribed using transcription conventions containing actual productions and canonical forms of what was said. It is made publicly available online.

null

67,600

inproceedings

zinsmeister-etal-2014-adapting

Adapting a part-of-speech tagset to non-standard text: The case of {STTS}

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1565/

Zinsmeister, Heike and Heid, Ulrich and Beck, Kathrin

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4097--4104

The Stuttgart-T{\"ubingen TagSet (STTS) is a de-facto standard for the part-of-speech tagging of German texts. Since its first publication in 1995, STTS has been used in a variety of annotation projects, some of which have adapted the tagset slightly for their specific needs. Recently, the focus of many projects has shifted from the analysis of newspaper text to that of non-standard varieties such as user-generated content, historical texts, and learner language. These text types contain linguistic phenomena that are missing from or are only suboptimally covered by STTS; in a community effort, German NLP researchers have therefore proposed additions to and modifications of the tagset that will handle these phenomena more appropriately. In addition, they have discussed alternative ways of tag assignment in terms of bipartite tags (stem, token) for historical texts and tripartite tags (lexicon, morphology, distribution) for learner texts. In this article, we report on this ongoing activity, addressing methodological issues and discussing selected phenomena and their treatment in the tagset adaptation process.

null

67,601

inproceedings

rusko-etal-2014-alert

Alert!... Calm Down, There is Nothing to Worry About. Warning and Soothing Speech Synthesis.

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1566/

Rusko, Milan and Darjaa, Sakhia and Trnka, Mari{\'a}n and Ritomsk{\'y}, Mari{\'a}n and Sabo, R{\'o}bert

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1182--1187

Presence of appropriate acoustic cues of affective features in the synthesized speech can be a prerequisite for the proper evaluation of the semantic content by the message recipient. In the recent work the authors have focused on the research of expressive speech synthesis capable of generating naturally sounding synthetic speech at various levels of arousal. The synthesizer should be able to produce speech in Slovak in different styles from extremely urgent warnings, insisting messages, alerts, through comments, and neutral style speech to soothing messages and very calm speech. A three-step method was used for recording both - the high-activation and low-activation expressive speech databases. The acoustic properties of the obtained databases are discussed. Several synthesizers with different levels of arousal were designed using these databases and their outputs are compared to the original voice of the voice talent. A possible ambiguity of acoustic cues is pointed out and the relevance of the semantic meaning of the sentences both in the sentence set for the speech database recording and in the set for subjective synthesizer testing is discussed.

null

67,602

inproceedings

kordoni-simova-2014-multiword

Multiword Expressions in Machine Translation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1567/

Kordoni, Valia and Simova, Iliana

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1208--1211

This work describes an experimental evaluation of the significance of phrasal verb treatment for obtaining better quality statistical machine translation (SMT) results. The importance of the detection and special treatment of phrasal verbs is measured in the context of SMT, where the word-for-word translation of these units often produces incoherent results. Two ways of integrating phrasal verb information in a phrase-based SMT system are presented. Automatic and manual evaluations of the results reveal improvements in the translation quality in both experiments.

null

67,603

inproceedings

girardi-etal-2014-cromer

{CROMER}: a Tool for Cross-Document Event and Entity Coreference

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1568/

Girardi, Christian and Speranza, Manuela and Sprugnoli, Rachele and Tonelli, Sara

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3204--3208

In this paper we present CROMER (CROss-document Main Events and entities Recognition), a novel tool to manually annotate event and entity coreference across clusters of documents. The tool has been developed so as to handle large collections of documents, perform collaborative annotation (several annotators can work on the same clusters), and enable the linking of the annotated data to external knowledge sources. Given the availability of semantic information encoded in Semantic Web resources, this tool is designed to support annotators in linking entities and events to DBPedia and Wikipedia, so as to facilitate the automatic retrieval of additional semantic information. In this way, event modelling and chaining is made easy, while guaranteeing the highest interconnection with external resources. For example, the tool can be easily linked to event models such as the Simple Event Model [Van Hage et al , 2011] and the Grounded Annotation Framework [Fokkens et al. 2013].

null

67,604

inproceedings

boros-etal-2014-rss

{RSS}-{TOBI} - A Prosodically Enhanced {R}omanian Speech Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1569/

Boroș, Tiberiu and Stan, Adriana and Watts, Oliver and Dumitrescu, Stefan Daniel

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

316--320

This paper introduces a recent development of a Romanian Speech corpus to include prosodic annotations of the speech data in the form of ToBI labels. We describe the methodology of determining the required pitch patterns that are common for the Romanian language, annotate the speech resource, and then provide a comparison of two text-to-speech synthesis systems to establish the benefits of using this type of information to our speech resource. The result is a publicly available speech dataset which can be used to further develop speech synthesis systems or to automatically learn the prediction of ToBI labels from text in Romanian language.

null

67,605

inproceedings

znotins-paikens-2014-coreference

Coreference Resolution for {L}atvian

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1570/

Znoti{\c{n}}{\v{s}}, Art{\={u}}rs and Paikens, P{\={e}}teris

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3209--3213

Coreference resolution (CR) is a current problem in natural language processing (NLP) research and it is a key task in applications such as question answering, text summarization and information extraction for which text understanding is of crucial importance. We describe an implementation of coreference resolution tools for Latvian language, developed as a part of a tool chain for newswire text analysis but usable also as a separate, publicly available module. LVCoref is a rule based CR system that uses entity centric model that encourages the sharing of information across all mentions that point to the same real-world entity. The system is developed to provide starting ground for further experiments and generate a reference baseline to be compared with more advanced rule-based and machine learning based future coreference resolvers. It now reaches 66.6 F-score using predicted mentions and 78.1{\%} F-score using gold mentions. This paper describes current efforts to create a CR system and to improve NER performance for Latvian. Task also includes creation of the corpus of manually annotated coreference relations.

null

67,606

inproceedings

mitocariu-etal-2014-veins

How Could Veins Speed Up The Process Of Discourse Parsing

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1571/

Mitocariu, Elena and Anechitei, Daniel and Cristea, Dan

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2871--2878

In this paper we propose a method of reducing the search space of a discourse parsing process, while keeping unaffected its capacity to generate cohesive and coherent tree structures. The parsing method uses Veins Theory (VT), by developing incrementally a forest of parallel discourse trees, evaluating them on cohesion and coherence criteria and keeping only the most promising structures to go on with at each step. The incremental development is constrained by two general principles, well known in discourse parsing: sequentiality of the terminal nodes and attachment restricted to the right frontier. A set of formulas rooted on VT helps to guess the most promising nodes of the right frontier where an attachment can be made, thus avoiding an exhaustive generation of the whole search space and in the same time maximizing the coherence of the discourse structures. We report good results of applying this approach, representing a significant improvement in discourse parsing process.

null

67,607

inproceedings

chrizman-itai-2014-construct

How to construct a multi-lingual domain ontology

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1572/

Chrizman, Nitsan and Itai, Alon

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4345--4350

The research focuses on automatic construction of multi-lingual domain-ontologies, i.e., creating a DAG (directed acyclic graph) consisting of concepts relating to a specific domain and the relations between them. The domain example on which the research performed is {\textquotedblleft}Organized Crime{\textquotedblright}. The contribution of the work is the investigation of and comparison between several data sources and methods to create multi-lingual ontologies. The first subtask was to extract the domain`s concepts. The best source turned out to be Wikepedias articles that are under the catgegory. The second task was to create an English ontology, i.e., the relationships between the concepts. Again the relationships between concepts and the hierarchy were derived from Wikipedia. The final task was to create an ontology for a language with far fewer resources (Hebrew). The task was accomplished by deriving the concepts from the Hebrew Wikepedia and assessing their relevance and the relationships between them from the English ontology.

null

67,608

inproceedings

lavergne-etal-2014-automatic

Automatic language identity tagging on word and sentence-level in multilingual text sources: a case-study on {L}uxembourgish

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1573/

Lavergne, Thomas and Adda, Gilles and Adda-Decker, Martine and Lamel, Lori

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3300--3304

Luxembourgish, embedded in a multilingual context on the divide between Romance and Germanic cultures, remains one of Europe`s under-described languages. This is due to the fact that the written production remains relatively low, and linguistic knowledge and resources, such as lexica and pronunciation dictionaries, are sparse. The speakers or writers will frequently switch between Luxembourgish, German, and French, on a per-sentence basis, as well as on a sub-sentence level. In order to build resources like lexicons, and especially pronunciation lexicons, or language models needed for natural language processing tasks such as automatic speech recognition, language used in text corpora should be identified. In this paper, we present the design of a manually annotated corpus of mixed language sentences as well as the tools used to select these sentences. This corpus of difficult sentences was used to test a word-based language identification system. This language identification system was used to select textual data extracted from the web, in order to build a lexicon and language models. This lexicon and language model were used in an Automatic Speech Recognition system for the Luxembourgish language which obtain a 25{\%} WER on the Quaero development data.

null

67,609

inproceedings

de-clercq-etal-2014-towards

Towards Shared Datasets for Normalization Research

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1574/

De Clercq, Orph{\'e}e and Schulz, Sarah and Desmet, Bart and Hoste, V{\'e}ronique

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1218--1223

In this paper we present a Dutch and English dataset that can serve as a gold standard for evaluating text normalization approaches. With the combination of text messages, message board posts and tweets, these datasets represent a variety of user generated content. All data was manually normalized to their standard form using newly-developed guidelines. We perform automatic lexical normalization experiments on these datasets using statistical machine translation techniques. We focus on both the word and character level and find that we can improve the BLEU score with ca. 20{\%} for both languages. In order for this user generated content data to be released publicly to the research community some issues first need to be resolved. These are discussed in closer detail by focussing on the current legislation and by investigating previous similar data collection projects. With this discussion we hope to shed some light on various difficulties researchers are facing when trying to share social media data.

null

67,610

inproceedings

pecheux-etal-2014-rule

Rule-based Reordering Space in Statistical Machine Translation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1575/

P{\'e}cheux, Nicolas and Allauzen, Alexander and Yvon, Fran{\c{c}}ois

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1800--1806

In Statistical Machine Translation (SMT), the constraints on word reorderings have a great impact on the set of potential translations that are explored. Notwithstanding computationnal issues, the reordering space of a SMT system needs to be designed with great care: if a larger search space is likely to yield better translations, it may also lead to more decoding errors, because of the added ambiguity and the interaction with the pruning strategy. In this paper, we study this trade-off using a state-of-the art translation system, where all reorderings are represented in a word lattice prior to decoding. This allows us to directly explore and compare different reordering spaces. We study in detail a rule-based preordering system, varying the length or number of rules, the tagset used, as well as contrasting with oracle settings and purely combinatorial subsets of permutations. We focus on two language pairs: English-French, a close language pair and English-German, known to be a more challenging reordering pair.

null

67,611

inproceedings

rodriguez-fuentes-etal-2014-kalaka

{KALAKA}-3: a database for the recognition of spoken {E}uropean languages on {Y}ou{T}ube audios

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1576/

Rodr{\'i}guez-Fuentes, Luis Javier and Penagarikano, Mikel and Varona, Amparo and Diez, Mireia and Bordel, Germ{\'a}n

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

443--449

This paper describes the main features of KALAKA-3, a speech database specifically designed for the development and evaluation of language recognition systems. The database provides TV broadcast speech for training, and audio data extracted from YouTube videos for tuning and testing. The database was created to support the Albayzin 2012 Language Recognition Evaluation, which featured two language recognition tasks, both dealing with European languages. The first one involved six target languages (Basque, Catalan, English, Galician, Portuguese and Spanish) for which there was plenty of training data, whereas the second one involved four target languages (French, German, Greek and Italian) for which no training data was provided. Two separate sets of YouTube audio files were provided to test the performance of language recognition systems on both tasks. To allow open-set tests, these datasets included speech in 11 additional (Out-Of-Set) European languages. The paper also presents a summary of the results attained in the evaluation, along with the performance of state-of-the-art systems on the four evaluation tracks defined on the database, which demonstrates the extreme difficulty of some of them. As far as we know, this is the first database specifically designed to benchmark spoken language recognition technology on YouTube audios.

null

67,612

inproceedings

gargett-barnden-2014-mining

Mining Online Discussion Forums for Metaphors

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1577/

Gargett, Andrew and Barnden, John

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2507--2512

We present an approach to mining online forums for figurative language such as metaphor. We target in particular online discussions within the illness and the political conflict domains, with a view to constructing corpora of Metaphor in Illness Discussion, andMetaphor in Political Conflict Discussion. This paper reports on our ongoing efforts to combine manual and automatic detection strategies for labelling the corpora, and present some initial results from our work showing that metaphor use is not independent of illness domain.

null

67,613

inproceedings

togia-copestake-2014-tagntext

{T}ag{NT}ext: A parallel corpus for the induction of resource-specific non-taxonomical relations from tagged images

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1578/

Togia, Theodosia and Copestake, Ann

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3448--3455

When producing textual descriptions, humans express propositions regarding an object; but what do they express when annotating a document with simple tags? To answer this question, we have studied what users of tagging systems would have said if they were to describe a resource with fully fledged text. In particular, our work attempts to answer the following questions: if users were to use full descriptions, would their current tags be words present in these hypothetical sentences? If yes, what kind of language would connect these words? Such questions, although central to the problem of extracting binary relations between tags, have been sidestepped in the existing literature, which has focused on a small subset of possible inter-tag relations, namely hierarchical ones (e.g. {\textquotedblleft}car{\textquotedblright} {--}is-a{--} {\textquotedblleft}vehicle{\textquotedblright}), as opposed to non-taxonomical relations (e.g. {\textquotedblleft}woman{\textquotedblright} {--}wears{--} {\textquotedblleft}hat{\textquotedblright}). TagNText is the first attempt to construct a parallel corpus of tags and textual descriptions with respect to particular resources. The corpus provides enough data for the researcher to gain an insight into the nature of underlying relations, as well as the tools and methodology for constructing larger-scale parallel corpora that can aid non-taxonomical relation extraction.

null

67,614

inproceedings

garcia-mateo-etal-2014-corilga

{CORILGA}: a {G}alician Multilevel Annotated Speech Corpus for Linguistic Analysis

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1579/

Garc{\'i}a-Mateo, Carmen and Cardenal, Antonio and Regueira, Xos{\'e} Luis and Rei, Elisa Fern{\'a}ndez and Martinez, Marta and Seara, Roberto and Varela, Roc{\'i}o and Basanta, Noem{\'i}

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2653--2657

This paper describes the CORILGA (Corpus Oral Informatizado da Lingua Galega). CORILGA is a large high-quality corpus of spoken Galician from the 1960s up to present-day, including both formal and informal spoken language from both standard and non-standard varieties, and across different generations and social levels. The corpus will be available to the research community upon completion. Galician is one of the EU languages that needs further research before highly effective language technology solutions can be implemented. A software repository for speech resources in Galician is also described. The repository includes a structured database, a graphical interface and processing tools. The use of a database enables to perform search in a simple and fast way based in a number of different criteria. The web-based user interface facilitates users the access to the different materials. Last but not least a set of transcription-based modules for automatic speech recognition has been developed, thus facilitating the orthographic labelling of the recordings.

null

67,615

inproceedings

fujita-etal-2014-overview

Overview of {T}odai Robot Project and Evaluation Framework of its {NLP}-based Problem Solving

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1580/

Fujita, Akira and Kameda, Akihiro and Kawazoe, Ai and Miyao, Yusuke

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2590--2597

We introduce the organization of the Todai Robot Project and discuss its achievements. The Todai Robot Project task focuses on benchmarking NLP systems for problem solving. This task encourages NLP-based systems to solve real high-school examinations. We describe the details of the method to manage question resources and their correct answers, answering tools and participation by researchers in the task. We also analyse the answering accuracy of the developed systems by comparing the systems answers with answers given by human test-takers.

null

67,616

inproceedings

virginie-etal-2014-database

A Database of Full Body Virtual Interactions Annotated with Expressivity Scores

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1581/

Virginie, Demulier and Bevacqua, Elisabetta and Focone, Florian and Giraud, Tom and Carreno, Pamela and Isableu, Brice and Gibet, Sylvie and De Loor, Pierre and Martin, Jean-Claude

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3505--3510

Recent technologies enable the exploitation of full body expressions in applications such as interactive arts but are still limited in terms of dyadic subtle interaction patterns. Our project aims at full body expressive interactions between a user and an autonomous virtual agent. The currently available databases do not contain full body expressivity and interaction patterns via avatars. In this paper, we describe a protocol defined to collect a database to study expressive full-body dyadic interactions. We detail the coding scheme for manually annotating the collected videos. Reliability measures for global annotations of expressivity and interaction are also provided.

null

67,617

inproceedings

banski-etal-2014-access

Access control by query rewriting: the case of {K}or{AP}

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1582/

Ba{\'n}ski, Piotr and Diewald, Nils and Hanl, Michael and Kupietz, Marc and Witt, Andreas

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3817--3822

We present an approach to an aspect of managing complex access scenarios to large and heterogeneous corpora that involves handling user queries that, intentionally or due to the complexity of the queried resource, target texts or annotations outside of the given users permissions. We first outline the overall architecture of the corpus analysis platform KorAP, devoting some attention to the way in which it handles multiple query languages, by implementing ISO CQLF (Corpus Query Lingua Franca), which in turn constitutes a component crucial for the functionality discussed here. Next, we look at query rewriting as it is used by KorAP and zoom in on one kind of this procedure, namely the rewriting of queries that is forced by data access restrictions.

null

67,618

inproceedings

odriozola-etal-2014-basque

{B}asque Speecon-like and {B}asque {S}peech{D}at {MDB}-600: speech databases for the development of {ASR} technology for {B}asque

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1583/

Odriozola, Igor and Hernaez, Inma and Torres, Mar{\'i}a In{\'e}s and Rodriguez-Fuentes, Luis Javier and Penagarikano, Mikel and Navas, Eva

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2658--2665

This paper introduces two databases specifically designed for the development of ASR technology for the Basque language: the Basque Speecon-like database and the Basque SpeechDat MDB-600 database. The former was recorded in an office environment according to the Speecon specifications, whereas the later was recorded through mobile telephones according to the SpeechDat specifications. Both databases were created under an initiative that the Basque Government started in 2005, a program called ADITU, which aimed at developing speech technologies for Basque. The databases belong to the Basque Government. A comprehensive description of both databases is provided in this work, highlighting the differences with regard to their corresponding standard specifications. The paper also presents several initial experimental results for both databases with the purpose of validating their usefulness for the development of speech recognition technology. Several applications already developed with the Basque Speecon-like database are also described. Authors aim to make these databases widely known to the community as well, and foster their use by other groups.

null

67,619

inproceedings

gargett-etal-2014-dive

{D}i{VE}-{A}rabic: {G}ulf {A}rabic Dialogue in a Virtual Environment

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1584/

Gargett, Andrew and Hellmuth, Sam and AlGethami, Ghazi

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4434--4439

Documentation of communicative behaviour across languages seems at a crossroads. While methods for collecting data on spoken or written communication, backed up by computational techniques, are evolving, the actual data being collected remain largely the same. Inspired by the efforts of some innovative researchers who are directly tackling the various obstacles to investigating language in the field (e.g. see various papers collected in Enfield {\&} Stivers 2007), we report here about ongoing work to solve the general problem of collecting in situ data for situated linguistic interaction. The initial stages of this project have involved employing a portable format designed to increase range and flexibility of doing such collections in the field. Our motivation is to combine this with a parallel data set for a typologically distinct language, in order to contribute a parallel corpus of situated language use.

null

67,620

inproceedings

claude-lachenaud-etal-2014-multimodal

A multimodal interpreter for 3{D} visualization and animation of verbal concepts

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1585/

Claude-Lachenaud, Coline and Charton, {\'E}ric and Ozell, Beno{\^i}t and Gagnon, Michel

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3620--3627

We present an algorithm intended to visually represent the sense of verb related to an object described in a text sequence, as a movement in 3D space. We describe a specific semantic analyzer, based on a standard verbal ontology, dedicated to the interpretation of action verbs as spatial actions. Using this analyzer, our system build a generic 3D graphical path for verbal concepts allowing space representation, listed as SelfMotion concepts in the FrameNet ontology project. The object movement is build by first extracting the words and enriching them with the semantic analyzer. Then, weight tables, necessary to obtain characteristics values (orientation, shape, trajectory...) for the verb are used in order to get a 3D path, as realist as possible. The weight tables were created to make parallel between features defined for SelfMotion verbal concept (some provided by FrameNet, other determined during the project) and values used in the final algorithm used to create 3D moving representations from input text. We evaluate our analyzer on a corpus of short sentences and presents our results.

null

67,621

inproceedings

bocklet-etal-2014-erlangen

Erlangen-{CLP}: A Large Annotated Corpus of Speech from Children with Cleft Lip and Palate

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1586/

Bocklet, Tobias and Maier, Andreas and Riedhammer, Korbinian and Eysholdt, Ulrich and N{\"oth, Elmar

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2671--2674

In this paper we describe Erlangen-CLP, a large speech database of children with Cleft Lip and Palate. More than 800 German children with CLP (most of them between 4 and 18 years old) and 380 age matched control speakers spoke the semi-standardized PLAKSS test that consists of words with all German phonemes in different positions. So far 250 CLP speakers were manually transcribed, 120 of these were analyzed by a speech therapist and 27 of them by four additional therapists. The tharapists marked 6 different processes/criteria like pharyngeal backing and hypernasality which typically occur in speech of people with CLP. We present detailed statistics about the the marked processes and the inter-rater agreement.

null

67,622

inproceedings

cabrio-etal-2014-classifying

Classifying Inconsistencies in {DB}pedia Language Specific Chapters

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1587/

Cabrio, Elena and Villata, Serena and Gandon, Fabien

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1443--1450

This paper proposes a methodology to identify and classify the semantic relations holding among the possible different answers obtained for a certain query on DBpedia language specific chapters. The goal is to reconcile information provided by language specific DBpedia chapters to obtain a consistent results set. Starting from the identified semantic relations between two pieces of information, we further classify them as positive or negative, and we exploit bipolar abstract argumentation to represent the result set as a unique graph, where using argumentation semantics we are able to detect the (possible multiple) consistent sets of elements of the query result. We experimented with the proposed methodology over a sample of triples extracted from 10 DBpedia ontology properties. We define the LingRel ontology to represent how the extracted information from different chapters is related to each other, and we map the properties of the LingRel ontology to the properties of the SIOC-Argumentation ontology to built argumentation graphs. The result is a pilot resource that can be profitably used both to train and to evaluate NLP applications querying linked data in detecting the semantic relations among the extracted values, in order to output consistent information sets.

null

67,623

inproceedings

roy-etal-2014-tvd

{TVD}: A Reproducible and Multiply Aligned {TV} Series Dataset

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1588/

Roy, Anindya and Guinaudeau, Camille and Bredin, Herv{\'e} and Barras, Claude

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

418--425

We introduce a new dataset built around two TV series from different genres, The Big Bang Theory, a situation comedy and Game of Thrones, a fantasy drama. The dataset has multiple tracks extracted from diverse sources, including dialogue (manual and automatic transcripts, multilingual subtitles), crowd-sourced textual descriptions (brief episode summaries, longer episode outlines) and various metadata (speakers, shots, scenes). The paper describes the dataset and provide tools to reproduce it for research purposes provided one has legally acquired the DVD set of the series. Tools are also provided to temporally align a major subset of dialogue and description tracks, in order to combine complementary information present in these tracks for enhanced accessibility. For alignment, we consider tracks as comparable corpora and first apply an existing algorithm for aligning such corpora based on dynamic time warping and TFIDF-based similarity scores. We improve this baseline algorithm using contextual information, WordNet-based word similarity and scene location information. We report the performance of these algorithms on a manually aligned subset of the data. To highlight the interest of the database, we report a use case involving rich speech retrieval and propose other uses.

null

67,624

inproceedings

lopez-etal-2014-towards

Towards Electronic {SMS} Dictionary Construction: An Alignment-based Approach

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1589/

Lopez, C{\'e}dric and Bestandji, Reda and Roche, Mathieu and Panckhurst, Rachel

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2833--2838

In this paper, we propose a method for aligning text messages (entitled AlignSMS) in order to automatically build an SMS dictionary. An extract of 100 text messages from the 88milSMS corpus (Panckhurst el al., 2013, 2014) was used as an initial test. More than 90,000 authentic text messages in French were collected from the general public by a group of academics in the south of France in the context of the sud4science project (\url{http://www.sud4science.org}). This project is itself part of a vast international SMS data collection project, entitled sms4science (\url{http://www.sms4science.org}, Fairon et al. 2006, Cougnon, 2014). After corpus collation, pre-processing and anonymisation (Accorsi et al., 2012, Patel et al., 2013), we discuss how raw anonymised text messages can be transcoded into normalised text messages, using a statistical alignment method. The future objective is to set up a hybrid (symbolic/statistic) approach based on both grammar rules and our statistical AlignSMS method.

null

67,625

inproceedings

ferret-2014-compounds

Compounds and distributional thesauri

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1590/

Ferret, Olivier

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2979--2984

The building of distributional thesauri from corpora is a problem that was the focus of a significant number of articles, starting with (Grefenstette, 1994) and followed by (Lin, 1998), (Curran and Moens, 2002) or (Heylen and Peirsman, 2007). However, in all these cases, only single terms were considered. More recently, the topic of compositionality in the framework of distributional semantic representations has come to the surface and was investigated for building the semantic representation of phrases or even sentences from the representation of their words. However, this work was not done until now with the objective of building distributional thesauri. In this article, we investigate the impact of the introduction of compounds for achieving such building. More precisely, we consider compounds as undividable lexical units and evaluate their influence according to three different roles: as features in the distributional contexts of single terms, as possible neighbors of single term entries and finally, as entries of a thesaurus. This investigation was conducted through an intrinsic evaluation for a large set of nominal English single terms and compounds with various frequencies.

null

67,626

inproceedings

balvet-etal-2014-talc

{TALC}-sef A Manually-Revised {POS}-{TA}gged Literary Corpus in {S}erbian, {E}nglish and {F}rench

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1591/

Balvet, Antonio and Stosic, Dejan and Miletic, Aleksandra

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4105--4110

In this paper, we present a parallel literary corpus for Serbian, English and French, the TALC-sef corpus. The corpus includes a manually-revised pos-tagged reference Serbian corpus of over 150,000 words. The initial objective was to devise a reference parallel corpus in the three languages, both for literary and linguistic studies. The French and English sub-corpora had been pos-tagged from the onset, using TreeTagger (Schmid, 1994), but the corpus lacked, until now, a tagged version of the Serbian sub-corpus. Here, we present the original parallel literary corpus, then we address issues related to pos-tagging a large collection of Serbian text: from the conception of an appropriate tagset for Serbian, to the choice of an automatic pos-tagger adapted to the task, and then to some quantitative and qualitative results. We then move on to a discussion of perspectives in the near future for further annotations of the whole parallel corpus.

null

67,627

inproceedings

goto-etal-2014-crowdsourcing

Crowdsourcing for Evaluating Machine Translation Quality

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1592/

Goto, Shinsuke and Lin, Donghui and Ishida, Toru

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3456--3463

The recent popularity of machine translation has increased the demand for the evaluation of translations. However, the traditional evaluation approach, manual checking by a bilingual professional, is too expensive and too slow. In this study, we confirm the feasibility of crowdsourcing by analyzing the accuracy of crowdsourcing translation evaluations. We compare crowdsourcing scores to professional scores with regard to three metrics: translation-score, sentence-score, and system-score. A Chinese to English translation evaluation task was designed using around the NTCIR-9 PATENT parallel corpus with the goal being 5-range evaluations of adequacy and fluency. The experiment shows that the average score of crowdsource workers well matches professional evaluation results. The system-score comparison strongly indicates that crowdsourcing can be used to find the best translation system given the input of 10 source sentence.

null

67,628

inproceedings

wong-etal-2014-halliday

The Halliday Centre Tagger: An Online Platform for Semi-automatic Text Annotation and Analysis

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1593/

Wong, Billy T.M. and Chow, Ian C. and Webster, Jonathan J. and Yan, Hengbin

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1664--1667

This paper reports the latest development of The Halliday Centre Tagger (the Tagger), an online platform provided with semi-automatic features to facilitate text annotation and analysis. The Tagger is featured for its web-based architecture with all functionalities and file storage space provided online, and a theory-neutral design where users can define their own labels for annotating various kinds of linguistic information. The Tagger is currently optimized for text annotation of Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG), providing by default a pre-defined set of SFG grammatical features, and the function of automatic identification of process types for English verbs. Apart from annotation, the Tagger also offers the features of visualization and summarization to aid text analysis. The visualization feature combines and illustrates multi-dimensional layers of annotation in a unified way of presentation, while the summarization feature categorizes annotated entries according to different SFG systems, i.e., transitivity, theme, logical-semantic relations, etc. Such features help users identify grammatical patterns in an annotated text.

null

67,629

inproceedings

mori-etal-2014-flow

Flow Graph Corpus from Recipe Texts

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1594/

Mori, Shinsuke and Maeta, Hirokuni and Yamakata, Yoko and Sasada, Tetsuro

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2370--2377

In this paper, we present our attempt at annotating procedural texts with a flow graph as a representation of understanding. The domain we focus on is cooking recipe. The flow graphs are directed acyclic graphs with a special root node corresponding to the final dish. The vertex labels are recipe named entities, such as foods, tools, cooking actions, etc. The arc labels denote relationships among them. We converted 266 Japanese recipe texts into flow graphs manually. 200 recipes are randomly selected from a web site and 66 are of the same dish. We detail the annotation framework and report some statistics on our corpus. The most typical usage of our corpus may be automatic conversion from texts to flow graphs which can be seen as an entire understanding of procedural texts. With our corpus, one can also try word segmentation, named entity recognition, predicate-argument structure analysis, and coreference resolution.

null

67,630

inproceedings

kirschnick-etal-2014-freepal

{F}reepal: A Large Collection of Deep Lexico-Syntactic Patterns for Relation Extraction

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1595/

Kirschnick, Johannes and Akbik, Alan and Hemsen, Holmer

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2071--2075

The increasing availability and maturity of both scalable computing architectures and deep syntactic parsers is opening up new possibilities for Relation Extraction (RE) on large corpora of natural language text. In this paper, we present Freepal, a resource designed to assist with the creation of relation extractors for more than 5,000 relations defined in the Freebase knowledge base (KB). The resource consists of over 10 million distinct lexico-syntactic patterns extracted from dependency trees, each of which is assigned to one or more Freebase relations with different confidence strengths. We generate the resource by executing a large-scale distant supervision approach on the ClueWeb09 corpus to extract and parse over 260 million sentences labeled with Freebase entities and relations. We make Freepal freely available to the research community, and present a web demonstrator to the dataset, accessible from free-pal.appspot.com.

null

67,631

inproceedings

bawden-etal-2014-correcting

Correcting and Validating Syntactic Dependency in the Spoken {F}rench Treebank Rhapsodie

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1596/

Bawden, Rachel and Botalla, Marie-Am{\'e}lie and Gerdes, Kim and Kahane, Sylvain

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2320--2325

This article presents the methods, results, and precision of the syntactic annotation process of the Rhapsodie Treebank of spoken French. The Rhapsodie Treebank is an 33,000 word corpus annotated for prosody and syntax, licensed in its entirety under Creative Commons. The syntactic annotation contains two levels: a macro-syntactic level, containing a segmentation into illocutionary units (including discourse markers, parentheses {\^a}{\textbrokenbar}) and a micro-syntactic level including dependency relations and various paradigmatic structures, called pile constructions, the latter being particularly frequent and diverse in spoken language. The micro-syntactic annotation process, presented in this paper, includes a semi-automatic preparation of the transcription, the application of a syntactic dependency parser, transcoding of the parsing results to the Rhapsodie annotation scheme, manual correction by multiple annotators followed by a validation process, and finally the application of coherence rules that check common errors. The good inter-annotator agreement scores are presented and analyzed in greater detail. The article also includes the list of functions used in the dependency annotation and for the distinction of various pile constructions and presents the ideas underlying these choices.

null

67,632

inproceedings

wolinski-2014-morfeusz

Morfeusz Reloaded

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1597/

Woli{\'n}ski, Marcin

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1106--1111

The paper presents recent developments in Morfeusz {\textemdash} a morphological analyser for Polish. The program, being already a fundamental resource for processing Polish, has been reimplemented with some important changes in the tagset, some new options, added information on proper names, and ability to perform simple prefix derivation. The present version of Morfeusz (including its dictionaries) is made available under the very liberal 2-clause BSD license. The program can be downloaded from \url{http://sgjp.pl/morfeusz/}.

null

67,633

inproceedings

dragoni-etal-2014-modeling

Modeling, Managing, Exposing, and Linking Ontologies with a {W}iki-based Tool

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1598/

Dragoni, Mauro and Bosca, Alessio and Casu, Matteo and Rexha, Andi

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1668--1675

In the last decade, the need of having effective and useful tools for the creation and the management of linguistic resources significantly increased. One of the main reasons is the necessity of building linguistic resources (LRs) that, besides the goal of expressing effectively the domain that users want to model, may be exploited in several ways. In this paper we present a wiki-based collaborative tool for modeling ontologies, and more in general any kind of linguistic resources, called MoKi. This tool has been customized in the context of an EU-funded project for addressing three important aspects of LRs modeling: (i) the exposure of the created LRs, (ii) for providing features for linking the created resources to external ones, and (iii) for producing multilingual LRs in a safe manner.

null

67,634

inproceedings

budzynska-etal-2014-model

A Model for Processing Illocutionary Structures and Argumentation in Debates

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1599/

Budzynska, Kasia and Janier, Mathilde and Reed, Chris and Saint-Dizier, Patrick and Stede, Manfred and Yakorska, Olena

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

917--924

In this paper, we briefly present the objectives of Inference Anchoring Theory (IAT) and the formal structure which is proposed for dialogues. Then, we introduce our development corpus, and a computational model designed for the identification of discourse minimal units in the context of argumentation and the illocutionary force associated with each unit. We show the categories of resources which are needed and how they can be reused in different contexts.

null

67,635

inproceedings

lonsdale-millard-2014-student

Student achievement and {F}rench sentence repetition test scores

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1600/

Lonsdale, Deryle and Millard, Benjamin

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2719--2725

Sentence repetition (SR) tests are one way of probing a language learner`s oral proficiency. Test-takers listen to a set of carefully engineered sentences of varying complexity one-by-one, and then try to repeat them back as exactly as possible. In this paper we explore how well an SR test that we have developed for French corresponds with the test-taker`s achievement levels, represented by proficiency interview scores and by college class enrollment. We describe how we developed our SR test items using various language resources, and present pertinent facts about the test administration. The responses were scored by humans and also by a specially designed automatic speech recognition (ASR) engine; we sketch both scoring approaches. Results are evaluated in several ways: correlations between human and ASR scores, item response analysis to quantify the relative difficulty of the items, and criterion-referenced analysis setting thresholds of consistency across proficiency levels. We discuss several observations and conclusions prompted by the analyses, and suggestions for future work.

null

67,636

inproceedings

luzzati-etal-2014-human

Human annotation of {ASR} error regions: Is {\textquotedblleft}gravity{\textquotedblright} a sharable concept for human annotators?

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1601/

Luzzati, Daniel and Grouin, Cyril and Vasilescu, Ioana and Adda-Decker, Martine and Bilinski, Eric and Camelin, Nathalie and Kahn, Juliette and Lailler, Carole and Lamel, Lori and Rosset, Sophie

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3050--3056

This paper is concerned with human assessments of the severity of errors in ASR outputs. We did not design any guidelines so that each annotator involved in the study could consider the {\textquotedblleft}seriousness{\textquotedblright} of an ASR error using their own scientific background. Eight human annotators were involved in an annotation task on three distinct corpora, one of the corpora being annotated twice, hiding this annotation in duplicate to the annotators. None of the computed results (inter-annotator agreement, edit distance, majority annotation) allow any strong correlation between the considered criteria and the level of seriousness to be shown, which underlines the difficulty for a human to determine whether a ASR error is serious or not.

null

67,637

inproceedings

scherrer-etal-2014-swissadmin

{S}wiss{A}dmin: A multilingual tagged parallel corpus of press releases

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1602/

Scherrer, Yves and Nerima, Luka and Russo, Lorenza and Ivanova, Maria and Wehrli, Eric

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1832--1836

SwissAdmin is a new multilingual corpus of press releases from the Swiss Federal Administration, available in German, French, Italian and English. We provide SwissAdmin in three versions: (i) plain texts of approximately 6 to 8 million words per language; (ii) sentence-aligned bilingual texts for each language pair; (iii) a part-of-speech-tagged version consisting of annotations in both the Universal tagset and the richer Fips tagset, along with grammatical functions, verb valencies and collocations. The SwissAdmin corpus is freely available at www.latl.unige.ch/swissadmin.

null

67,638

inproceedings

vernerova-etal-2014-pay

To Pay or to Get Paid: Enriching a Valency Lexicon with Diatheses

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1603/

Vernerov{\'a}, Anna and Kettnerov{\'a}, V{\'a}clava and Lopatkov{\'a}, Mark{\'e}ta

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2452--2459

Valency lexicons typically describe only unmarked usages of verbs (the active form); however, verbs prototypically enter different surface structures. In this paper, we focus on the so-called diatheses, i.e., the relations between different surface syntactic manifestations of verbs that are brought about by changes in the morphological category of voice, e.g., the passive diathesis. The change in voice of a verb is prototypically associated with shifts of some of its valency complementations in the surface structure. These shifts are implied by changes in morphemic forms of the involved valency complementations and are regular enough to be captured by syntactic rules. However, as diatheses are lexically conditioned, their applicability to an individual lexical unit of a verb is not predictable from its valency frame alone. In this work, we propose a representation of this linguistic phenomenon in a valency lexicon of Czech verbs, VALLEX, with the aim to enhance this lexicon with the information on individual types of Czech diatheses. In order to reduce the amount of necessary manual annotation, a semi-automatic method is developed. This method draws evidence from a large morphologically annotated corpus, relying on grammatical constraints on the applicability of individual types of diatheses.

null

67,639

inproceedings

tian-etal-2014-um

{UM}-Corpus: A Large {E}nglish-{C}hinese Parallel Corpus for Statistical Machine Translation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1604/

Tian, Liang and Wong, Derek F. and Chao, Lidia S. and Quaresma, Paulo and Oliveira, Francisco and Lu, Yi and Li, Shuo and Wang, Yiming and Wang, Longyue

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1837--1842

Parallel corpus is a valuable resource for cross-language information retrieval and data-driven natural language processing systems, especially for Statistical Machine Translation (SMT). However, most existing parallel corpora to Chinese are subject to in-house use, while others are domain specific and limited in size. To a certain degree, this limits the SMT research. This paper describes the acquisition of a large scale and high quality parallel corpora for English and Chinese. The corpora constructed in this paper contain about 15 million English-Chinese (E-C) parallel sentences, and more than 2 million training data and 5,000 testing sentences are made publicly available. Different from previous work, the corpus is designed to embrace eight different domains. Some of them are further categorized into different topics. The corpus will be released to the research community, which is available at the NLP2CT website.

null

67,640

inproceedings

agerri-etal-2014-ixa

{IXA} pipeline: Efficient and Ready to Use Multilingual {NLP} tools

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1605/

Agerri, Rodrigo and Bermudez, Josu and Rigau, German

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3823--3828

IXA pipeline is a modular set of Natural Language Processing tools (or pipes) which provide easy access to NLP technology. It offers robust and efficient linguistic annotation to both researchers and non-NLP experts with the aim of lowering the barriers of using NLP technology either for research purposes or for small industrial developers and SMEs. IXA pipeline can be used {\textquotedblleft}as is{\textquotedblright} or exploit its modularity to pick and change different components. Given its open-source nature, it can also be modified and extended for it to work with other languages. This paper describes the general data-centric architecture of IXA pipeline and presents competitive results in several NLP annotations for English and Spanish.

null

67,641

inproceedings

matsuyoshi-etal-2014-annotating

Annotating the Focus of Negation in {J}apanese Text

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1606/

Matsuyoshi, Suguru and Otsuki, Ryo and Fukumoto, Fumiyo

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1743--1750

This paper proposes an annotation scheme for the focus of negation in Japanese text. Negation has its scope and the focus within the scope. The scope of negation is the part of the sentence that is negated; the focus is the part of the scope that is most prominently or explicitly negated. In natural language processing, correct interpretation of negated statements requires precise detection of the focus of negation in the statements. As a foundation for developing a negation focus detector for Japanese, we have annotated textdata of {\textquotedblleft}Rakuten Travel: User review data{\textquotedblright} and the newspaper subcorpus of the {\textquotedblleft}Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese{\textquotedblright} with labels proposed in our annotation scheme. We report 1,327 negation cues and the foci in the corpora, and present classification of these foci based on syntactic types and semantic types. We also propose a system for detecting the focus of negation in Japanese using 16 heuristic rules and report the performance of the system.

null

67,642

inproceedings

sherif-etal-2014-nif4oggd

{NIF}4{OGGD} - {NLP} Interchange Format for Open {G}erman Governmental Data

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1607/

Sherif, Mohamed and Coelho, Sandro and Usbeck, Ricardo and Hellmann, Sebastian and Lehmann, Jens and Br{\"ummer, Martin and Both, Andreas

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3524--3528

In the last couple of years the amount of structured open government data has increased significantly. Already now, citizens are able to leverage the advantages of open data through increased transparency and better opportunities to take part in governmental decision making processes. Our approach increases the interoperability of existing but distributed open governmental datasets by converting them to the RDF-based NLP Interchange Format (NIF). Furthermore, we integrate the converted data into a geodata store and present a user interface for querying this data via a keyword-based search. The language resource generated in this project is publicly available for download and also via a dedicated SPARQL endpoint.

null

67,643

inproceedings

bosca-etal-2014-gold

A Gold Standard for {CLIR} evaluation in the Organic Agriculture Domain

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1608/

Bosca, Alessio and Casu, Matteo and Dragoni, Matteo and Marianos, Nikolaos

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3667--3670

We present a gold standard for the evaluation of Cross Language Information Retrieval systems in the domain of Organic Agriculture and AgroEcology. The presented resource is free to use for research purposes and it includes a collection of multilingual documents annotated with respect to a domain ontology, the ontology used for annotating the resources, a set of 48 queries in 12 languages and a gold standard with the correct resources for the proposed queries. The goal of this work consists in contributing to the research community with a resource for evaluating multilingual retrieval algorithms, with particular focus on domain adaptation strategies for general purpose multilingual information retrieval systems and on the effective exploitation of semantic annotations. Domain adaptation is in fact an important activity for tuning the retrieval system, reducing the ambiguities and improving the precision of information retrieval. Domain ontologies constitute a diffuse practice for defining the conceptual space of a corpus and mapping resources to specific topics and in our lab we propose as well to investigate and evaluate the impact of this information in enhancing the retrieval of contents. An initial experiment is described, giving a baseline for further research with the proposed gold standard.

null

67,644

inproceedings

drobac-etal-2014-heuristic

Heuristic Hyper-minimization of Finite State Lexicons

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1609/

Drobac, Senka and Lind{\'e}n, Krister and Pirinen, Tommi and Silfverberg, Miikka

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3319--3324

Flag diacritics, which are special multi-character symbols executed at runtime, enable optimising finite-state networks by combining identical sub-graphs of its transition graph. Traditionally, the feature has required linguists to devise the optimisations to the graph by hand alongside the morphological description. In this paper, we present a novel method for discovering flag positions in morphological lexicons automatically, based on the morpheme structure implicit in the language description. With this approach, we have gained significant decrease in the size of finite-state networks while maintaining reasonable application speed. The algorithm can be applied to any language description, where the biggest achievements are expected in large and complex morphologies. The most noticeable reduction in size we got with a morphological transducer for Greenlandic, whose original size is on average about 15 times larger than other morphologies. With the presented hyper-minimization method, the transducer is reduced to 10,1{\%} of the original size, with lookup speed decreased only by 9,5{\%}.

null

67,645

inproceedings

piperidis-etal-2014-meta

{META}-{SHARE}: One year after

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1610/

Piperidis, Stelios and Papageorgiou, Harris and Spurk, Christian and Rehm, Georg and Choukri, Khalid and Hamon, Olivier and Calzolari, Nicoletta and del Gratta, Riccardo and Magnini, Bernardo and Girardi, Christian

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1532--1538

This paper presents META-SHARE (www.meta-share.eu), an open language resource infrastructure, and its usage since its Europe-wide deployment in early 2013. META-SHARE is a network of repositories that store language resources (data, tools and processing services) documented with high-quality metadata, aggregated in central inventories allowing for uniform search and access. META-SHARE was developed by META-NET (www.meta-net.eu) and aims to serve as an important component of a language technology marketplace for researchers, developers, professionals and industrial players, catering for the full development cycle of language technology, from research through to innovative products and services. The observed usage in its initial steps, the steadily increasing number of network nodes, resources, users, queries, views and downloads are all encouraging and considered as supportive of the choices made so far. In tandem, take-up activities like direct linking and processing of datasets by language processing services as well as metadata transformation to RDF are expected to open new avenues for data and resources linking and boost the organic growth of the infrastructure while facilitating language technology deployment by much wider research communities and industrial sectors.

null

67,646