polygraf-ai/ACL-abstracts · Datasets at Hugging Face

inproceedings

baur-etal-2014-using

Using a Serious Game to Collect a Child Learner Speech Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1611/

Baur, Claudia and Rayner, Manny and Tsourakis, Nikos

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2726--2732

We present an English-L2 child learner speech corpus, produced by 14 year old Swiss German-L1 students in their third year of learning English, which is currently in the process of being collected. The collection method uses a web-enabled multimodal language game implemented using the CALL-SLT platform, in which subjects hold prompted conversations with an animated agent. Prompts consist of a short animated Engligh-language video clip together with a German-language piece of text indicating the semantic content of the requested response. Grammar-based speech understanding is used to decide whether responses are accepted or rejected, and dialogue flow is controlled using a simple XML-based scripting language; the scripts are written to allow multiple dialogue paths, the choice being made randomly. The system is gamified using a score-and-badge framework with four levels of badges. We describe the application, the data collection and annotation procedures, and the initial tranche of data. The full corpus, when complete, should contain at least 5,000 annotated utterances.

null

67,647

inproceedings

del-gratta-etal-2014-lre

The {LRE} Map disclosed

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1612/

Del Gratta, Riccardo and Pardelli, Gabriella and Goggi, Sara

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

null

This paper describes a serialization of the LRE Map database according to the RDF model. Due to the peculiar nature of the LRE Map, many ontologies are necessary to model the map in RDF, including newly created and reused ontologies. The importance of having the LRE Map in RDF and its connections to other open resources is also addressed.

null

67,648

inproceedings

stepanov-etal-2014-development

The Development of the Multilingual {LUNA} Corpus for Spoken Language System Porting

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1613/

Stepanov, Evgeny and Riccardi, Giuseppe and Bayer, Ali Orkan

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2675--2678

The development of annotated corpora is a critical process in the development of speech applications for multiple target languages. While the technology to develop a monolingual speech application has reached satisfactory results (in terms of performance and effort), porting an existing application from a source language to a target language is still a very expensive task. In this paper we address the problem of creating multilingual aligned corpora and its evaluation in the context of a spoken language understanding (SLU) porting task. We discuss the challenges of the manual creation of multilingual corpora, as well as present the algorithms for the creation of multilingual SLU via Statistical Machine Translation (SMT).

null

67,649

inproceedings

rysova-2014-verbs

Verbs of Saying with a Textual Connecting Function in the {P}rague Discourse Treebank

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1614/

Rysov{\'a}, Magdal{\'e}na

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

930--935

The paper tries to contribute to the general discussion on discourse connectives, concretely to the question whether it is meaningful to distinguish two separate groups of connectives {\textemdash} i.e. {\textquotedblleft}classical{\textquotedblright} connectives limited to few predefined classes like conjunctions or adverbs (e.g. {\textquotedblleft}but{\textquotedblright}) vs. alternative lexicalizations of connectives (i.e. unrestricted expressions and phrases like {\textquotedblleft}the reason is{\textquotedblright}, {\textquotedblleft}he added{\textquotedblright}, {\textquotedblleft}the condition was{\textquotedblright} etc.). In this respect, the paper focuses on one group of these broader connectives in Czech {\textemdash} the selected verbs of saying {\textquotedblleft}doplnit/dopl{\v{n}}ovat{\textquotedblright} ({\textquotedblleft}to complement{\textquotedblright}), {\textquotedblleft}up{\v{r}}esnit/up{\v{r}}es{\v{n}}ovat{\textquotedblright} ({\textquotedblleft}to specify{\textquotedblright}), {\textquotedblleft}dodat/dod{\'a}vat{\textquotedblright} ({\textquotedblleft}to add{\textquotedblright}), {\textquotedblleft}pokra{\v{c}}ovat{\textquotedblright} ({\textquotedblleft}to continue{\textquotedblright}) {\textemdash} and analyses their occurrence and function in texts from the Prague Discourse Treebank. The paper demonstrates that these verbs of saying have a special place within the other connectives, as they contain two items {\textemdash} e.g. {\textquotedblleft}he added{\textquotedblright} means {\textquotedblleft}and he said{\textquotedblright} so the verb {\textquotedblleft}to add{\textquotedblright} contains an information about the relation to the previous context ({\textquotedblleft}and{\textquotedblright}) plus the verb of saying ({\textquotedblleft}to say{\textquotedblright}). This information led us to a more general observation, i.e. discourse connectives in broader sense do not necessarily connect two pieces of a text but some of them carry the second argument right in their semantics, which {\textquotedblleft}classical{\textquotedblright} connectives can never do.

null

67,650

inproceedings

poch-etal-2014-ranking

Ranking Job Offers for Candidates: learning hidden knowledge from Big Data

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1615/

Poch, Marc and Bel, N{\'u}ria and Espeja, Sergio and Nav{\'i}o, Felipe

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2076--2082

This paper presents a system for suggesting a ranked list of appropriate vacancy descriptions to job seekers in a job board web site. In particular our work has explored the use of supervised classifiers with the objective of learning implicit relations which cannot be found with similarity or pattern based search methods that rely only on explicit information. Skills, names of professions and degrees, among other examples, are expressed in different languages, showing high variation and the use of ad-hoc resources to trace the relations is very costly. This implicit information is unveiled when a candidate applies for a job and therefore it is information that can be used for learning a model to predict new cases. The results of our experiments, which combine different clustering, classification and ranking methods, show the validity of the approach.

null

67,651

inproceedings

hanoka-sagot-2014-open

An Open-Source Heavily Multilingual Translation Graph Extracted from Wiktionaries and Parallel Corpora

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1616/

Hanoka, Val{\'e}rie and Sagot, Beno{\^i}t

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3179--3186

This paper describes YaMTG (Yet another Multilingual Translation Graph), a new open-source heavily multilingual translation database (over 664 languages represented) built using several sources, namely various wiktionaries and the OPUS parallel corpora (Tiedemann, 2009). We detail the translation extraction process for 21 wiktionary language editions, and provide an evaluation of the translations contained in YaMTG.

null

67,652

inproceedings

borg-gatt-2014-crowd

Crowd-sourcing evaluation of automatically acquired, morphologically related word groupings

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1617/

Borg, Claudia and Gatt, Albert

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3325--3332

The automatic discovery and clustering of morphologically related words is an important problem with several practical applications. This paper describes the evaluation of word clusters carried out through crowd-sourcing techniques for the Maltese language. The hybrid (Semitic-Romance) nature of Maltese morphology, together with the fact that no large-scale lexical resources are available for Maltese, make this an interesting and challenging problem.

null

67,653

inproceedings

hauksdottir-2014-innovative

An Innovative World Language Centre : Challenges for the Use of Language Technology

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1618/

Hauksd{\'o}ttir, Au{\dh}ur

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2194--2198

The Vigdis International Centre of Multilingualism and Intercultural Understanding at the University of Iceland will work under the auspices of UNESCO. The main objective of the Centre is to promote linguistic diversity and to raise awareness of the importance of multilingualism. The focus will be on research on translations, foreign language learning, language policy and language planning. The centre will also serve as a platform for promoting collaborative activities on languages and cultures, in particular, organizing exhibitions and other events aimed at both the academic community and the general public. The Centre will work in close collaboration with the national and international research community. The Centre aims to create state-of-the-art infrastructure, using Language Technology resources in research and academic studies, in particular in translations and language learning (Computer-Assisted Language Learning). In addition, the centre will provide scholars with a means to conduct corpus-based research for synchronic investigations and for comparative studies. The Centre will also function as a repository for language data corpora. Facilities will be provided so that these corpora can be used by the research community on site and online. Computer technology resources will also be exploited in creating tools and exhibitions for the general audience.

null

67,654

inproceedings

scherrer-sagot-2014-language

A language-independent and fully unsupervised approach to lexicon induction and part-of-speech tagging for closely related languages

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1619/

Scherrer, Yves and Sagot, Beno{\^i}t

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

502--508

In this paper, we describe our generic approach for transferring part-of-speech annotations from a resourced language towards an etymologically closely related non-resourced language, without using any bilingual (i.e., parallel) data. We first induce a translation lexicon from monolingual corpora, based on cognate detection followed by cross-lingual contextual similarity. Second, POS information is transferred from the resourced language along translation pairs to the non-resourced language and used for tagging the corpus. We evaluate our methods on three language families, consisting of five Romance languages, three Germanic languages and five Slavic languages. We obtain tagging accuracies of up to 91.6{\%}.

null

67,655

inproceedings

tavarez-etal-2014-new

New bilingual speech databases for audio diarization

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1620/

Tavarez, David and Navas, Eva and Erro, Daniel and Saratxaga, Ibon and Hernaez, Inma

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2666--2670

This paper describes the process of collecting and recording two new bilingual speech databases in Spanish and Basque. They are designed primarily for speaker diarization in two different application domains: broadcast news audio and recorded meetings. First, both databases have been manually segmented. Next, several diarization experiments have been carried out in order to evaluate them. Our baseline speaker diarization system has been applied to both databases with around 30{\%} of DER for broadcast news audio and 40{\%} of DER for recorded meetings. Also, the behavior of the system when different languages are used by the same speaker has been tested.

null

67,656

inproceedings

morchid-etal-2014-lda

A {LDA}-Based Topic Classification Approach From Highly Imperfect Automatic Transcriptions

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1621/

Morchid, Mohamed and Dufour, Richard and Linar{\`e}s, Georges

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1309--1314

Although the current transcription systems could achieve high recognition performance, they still have a lot of difficulties to transcribe speech in very noisy environments. The transcription quality has a direct impact on classification tasks using text features. In this paper, we propose to identify themes of telephone conversation services with the classical Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency using Gini purity criteria (TF-IDF-Gini) method and with a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) approach. These approaches are coupled with a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification to resolve theme identification problem. Results show the effectiveness of the proposed LDA-based method compared to the classical TF-IDF-Gini approach in the context of highly imperfect automatic transcriptions. Finally, we discuss the impact of discriminative and non-discriminative words extracted by both methods in terms of transcription accuracy.

null

67,657

inproceedings

marco-2014-open

An open source part-of-speech tagger for {N}orwegian: Building on existing language resources

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1622/

Marco, Cristina S{\'a}nchez

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4111--4117

This paper presents an open source part-of-speech tagger for the Norwegian language. It describes how an existing language processing library (FreeLing) was used to build a new part-of-speech tagger for this language. This part-of-speech tagger has been built on already available resources, in particular a Norwegian dictionary and gold standard corpus, which were partly customized for the purposes of this paper. The results of a careful evaluation show that this tagger yields an accuracy close to state-of-the-art taggers for other languages.

null

67,658

inproceedings

aker-etal-2014-bilingual

Bilingual dictionaries for all {EU} languages

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1623/

Aker, Ahmet and Paramita, Monica and Pinnis, M{\={a}}rcis and Gaizauskas, Robert

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2839--2845

Bilingual dictionaries can be automatically generated using the GIZA++ tool. However, these dictionaries contain a lot of noise, because of which the quality of outputs of tools relying on the dictionaries are negatively affected. In this work we present three different methods for cleaning noise from automatically generated bilingual dictionaries: LLR, pivot and translation based approach. We have applied these approaches on the GIZA++ dictionaries {--} dictionaries covering official EU languages {--} in order to remove noise. Our evaluation showed that all methods help to reduce noise. However, the best performance is achieved using the transliteration based approach. We provide all bilingual dictionaries (the original GIZA++ dictionaries and the cleaned ones) free for download. We also provide the cleaning tools and scripts for free download.

null

67,659

inproceedings

reynaert-2014-synergy

Synergy of Nederlab and

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1624/

Reynaert, Martin

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1224--1230

In two concurrent projects in the Netherlands we are further developing TICCL or Text-Induced Corpus Clean-up. In project Nederlab TICCL is set to work on diachronic Dutch text. To this end it has been equipped with the largest diachronic lexicon and a historical name list developed at the Institute for Dutch Lexicology or INL. In project @PhilosTEI TICCL will be set to work on a fair range of European languages. We present a new implementation in C++ of the system which has been tailored to be easily adaptable to different languages. We further revisit prior work on diachronic Portuguese in which it was compared to VARD2 which had been manually adapted to Portuguese. This tested the new mechanisms for ranking correction candidates we have devised. We then move to evaluating the new TICCL port on a very large corpus of Dutch books known as EDBO, digitized by the Dutch National Library. The results show that TICCL scales to the largest corpus sizes and performs excellently raising the quality of the Gold Standard EDBO book by about 20{\%} to 95{\%} word accuracy. Simultaneous unsupervised post-correction of 10,000 digitized books is now a real option.

null

67,660

inproceedings

rubino-etal-2014-quality

Quality Estimation for Synthetic Parallel Data Generation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1625/

Rubino, Raphael and Toral, Antonio and Ljube{\v{s}}i{\'c}, Nikola and Ram{\'i}rez-S{\'a}nchez, Gema

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1843--1849

This paper presents a novel approach for parallel data generation using machine translation and quality estimation. Our study focuses on pivot-based machine translation from English to Croatian through Slovene. We generate an English{\textemdash}Croatian version of the Europarl parallel corpus based on the English{\textemdash}Slovene Europarl corpus and the Apertium rule-based translation system for Slovene{\textemdash}Croatian. These experiments are to be considered as a first step towards the generation of reliable synthetic parallel data for under-resourced languages. We first collect small amounts of aligned parallel data for the Slovene{\textemdash}Croatian language pair in order to build a quality estimation system for sentence-level Translation Edit Rate (TER) estimation. We then infer TER scores on automatically translated Slovene to Croatian sentences and use the best translations to build an English{\textemdash}Croatian statistical MT system. We show significant improvement in terms of automatic metrics obtained on two test sets using our approach compared to a random selection of synthetic parallel data.

null

67,661

inproceedings

seeker-kuhn-2014-domain

An Out-of-Domain Test Suite for Dependency Parsing of {G}erman

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1627/

Seeker, Wolfgang and Kuhn, Jonas

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4066--4073

We present a dependency conversion of five German test sets from five different genres. The dependency representation is made as similar as possible to the dependency representation of TiGer, one of the two big syntactic treebanks of German. The purpose of these test sets is to enable researchers to test dependency parsing models on several different data sets from different text genres. We discuss some easy to compute statistics to demonstrate the variation and differences in the test sets and provide some baseline experiments where we test the effect of additional lexical knowledge on the out-of-domain performance of two state-of-the-art dependency parsers. Finally, we demonstrate with three small experiments that text normalization may be an important step in the standard processing pipeline when applied in an out-of-domain setting.

null

67,663

inproceedings

ehrmann-etal-2014-representing

Representing Multilingual Data as Linked Data: the Case of {B}abel{N}et 2.0

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1628/

Ehrmann, Maud and Cecconi, Francesco and Vannella, Daniele and McCrae, John Philip and Cimiano, Philipp and Navigli, Roberto

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

401--408

Recent years have witnessed a surge in the amount of semantic information published on the Web. Indeed, the Web of Data, a subset of the Semantic Web, has been increasing steadily in both volume and variety, transforming the Web into a {\textquoteleft}global database' in which resources are linked across sites. Linguistic fields {--} in a broad sense {--} have not been left behind, and we observe a similar trend with the growth of linguistic data collections on the so-called {\textquoteleft}Linguistic Linked Open Data (LLOD) cloud'. While both Semantic Web and Natural Language Processing communities can obviously take advantage of this growing and distributed linguistic knowledge base, they are today faced with a new challenge, i.e., that of facilitating multilingual access to the Web of data. In this paper we present the publication of BabelNet 2.0, a wide-coverage multilingual encyclopedic dictionary and ontology, as Linked Data. The conversion made use of lemon, a lexicon model for ontologies particularly well-suited for this enterprise. The result is an interlinked multilingual (lexical) resource which can not only be accessed on the LOD, but also be used to enrich existing datasets with linguistic information, or to support the process of mapping datasets across languages.

null

67,664

inproceedings

kiomourtzis-etal-2014-nomad

{NOMAD}: Linguistic Resources and Tools Aimed at Policy Formulation and Validation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1629/

Kiomourtzis, George and Giannakopoulos, George and Petasis, Georgios and Karampiperis, Pythagoras and Karkaletsis, Vangelis

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3464--3470

The NOMAD project (Policy Formulation and Validation through non Moderated Crowd-sourcing) is a project that supports policy making, by providing rich, actionable information related to how citizens perceive different policies. NOMAD automatically analyzes citizen contributions to the informal web (e.g. forums, social networks, blogs, newsgroups and wikis) using a variety of tools. These tools comprise text retrieval, topic classification, argument detection and sentiment analysis, as well as argument summarization. NOMAD provides decision-makers with a full arsenal of solutions starting from describing a domain and a policy to applying content search and acquisition, categorization and visualization. These solutions work in a collaborative manner in the policy-making arena. NOMAD, thus, embeds editing, analysis and visualization technologies into a concrete framework, applicable in a variety of policy-making and decision support settings In this paper we provide an overview of the linguistic tools and resources of NOMAD.

null

67,665

inproceedings

henriksen-etal-2014-encompassing

Encompassing a spectrum of {LT} users in the {CLARIN}-{DK} Infrastructure

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1630/

Henriksen, Lina and Hansen, Dorte Haltrup and Maegaard, Bente and Pedersen, Bolette Sandford and Povlsen, Claus

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2175--2181

CLARIN-DK is a platform with language resources constituting the Danish part of the European infrastructure CLARIN ERIC. Unlike some other language based infrastructures CLARIN-DK is not solely a repository for upload and storage of data, but also a platform of web services permitting the user to process data in various ways. This involves considerable complications in relation to workflow requirements. The CLARIN-DK interface must guide the user to perform the necessary steps of a workflow; even when the user is inexperienced and perhaps has an unclear conception of the requested results. This paper describes a user driven approach to creating a user interface specification for CLARIN-DK. We indicate how different user profiles determined different crucial interface design options. We also describe some use cases established in order to give illustrative examples of how the platform may facilitate research.

null

67,666

inproceedings

nasr-etal-2014-automatically

Automatically enriching spoken corpora with syntactic information for linguistic studies

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1631/

Nasr, Alexis and Bechet, Frederic and Favre, Benoit and Bazillon, Thierry and Deulofeu, Jose and Valli, Andre

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

854--858

Syntactic parsing of speech transcriptions faces the problem of the presence of disfluencies that break the syntactic structure of the utterances. We propose in this paper two solutions to this problem. The first one relies on a disfluencies predictor that detects disfluencies and removes them prior to parsing. The second one integrates the disfluencies in the syntactic structure of the utterances and train a disfluencies aware parser.

null

67,667

inproceedings

lafourcade-fort-2014-propa

Propa-{L}: a semantic filtering service from a lexical network created using Games With A Purpose

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1632/

Lafourcade, Mathieu and Fort, Kar{\"en

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1676--1681

This article presents Propa-L, a freely accessible Web service that allows to semantically filter a lexical network. The language resources behind the service are dynamic and created through Games With A Purpose. We show an example of application of this service: the generation of a list of keywords for parental filtering on the Web, but many others can be envisaged. Moreover, the propagation algorithm we present here can be applied to any lexical network, in any language.

null

67,668

inproceedings

simi-etal-2014-less

Less is More? Towards a Reduced Inventory of Categories for Training a Parser for the {I}talian {S}tanford Dependencies

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1633/

Simi, Maria and Bosco, Cristina and Montemagni, Simonetta

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

83--90

Stanford Dependencies (SD) represent nowadays a de facto standard as far as dependency annotation is concerned. The goal of this paper is to explore pros and cons of different strategies for generating SD annotated Italian texts to enrich the existing Italian Stanford Dependency Treebank (ISDT). This is done by comparing the performance of a statistical parser (DeSR) trained on a simpler resource (the augmented version of the Merged Italian Dependency Treebank or MIDT+) and whose output was automatically converted to SD, with the results of the parser directly trained on ISDT. Experiments carried out to test reliability and effectiveness of the two strategies show that the performance of a parser trained on the reduced dependencies repertoire, whose output can be easily converted to SD, is slightly higher than the performance of a parser directly trained on ISDT. A non-negligible advantage of the first strategy for generating SD annotated texts is that semi-automatic extensions of the training resource are more easily and consistently carried out with respect to a reduced dependency tag set. Preliminary experiments carried out for generating the collapsed and propagated SD representation are also reported.

null

67,669

inproceedings

cieliebak-etal-2014-meta

Meta-Classifiers Easily Improve Commercial Sentiment Detection Tools

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1634/

Cieliebak, Mark and D{\"urr, Oliver and Uzdilli, Fatih

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3100--3104

In this paper, we analyze the quality of several commercial tools for sentiment detection. All tools are tested on nearly 30,000 short texts from various sources, such as tweets, news, reviews etc. The best commercial tools have average accuracy of 60{\%}. We then apply machine learning techniques (Random Forests) to combine all tools, and show that this results in a meta-classifier that improves the overall performance significantly.

null

67,670

inproceedings

richardson-kuhn-2014-unixman

{U}nix{M}an Corpus: A Resource for Language Learning in the {U}nix Domain

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1635/

Richardson, Kyle and Kuhn, Jonas

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2985--2989

We present a new resource, the UnixMan Corpus, for studying language learning it the domain of Unix utility manuals. The corpus is built by mining Unix (and other Unix related) man pages for parallel example entries, consisting of English textual descriptions with corresponding command examples. The commands provide a grounded and ambiguous semantics for the textual descriptions, making the corpus of interest to work on Semantic Parsing and Grounded Language Learning. In contrast to standard resources for Semantic Parsing, which tend to be restricted to a small number of concepts and relations, the UnixMan Corpus spans a wide variety of utility genres and topics, and consists of hundreds of command and domain entity types. The semi-structured nature of the manuals also makes it easy to exploit other types of relevant information for Grounded Language Learning. We describe the details of the corpus and provide preliminary classification results.

null

67,671

inproceedings

sonntag-stede-2014-grapat

{G}ra{PAT}: a Tool for Graph Annotations

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1636/

Sonntag, Jonathan and Stede, Manfred

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4147--4151

We introduce GraPAT, a web-based annotation tool for building graph structures over text. Graphs have been demonstrated to be relevant in a variety of quite diverse annotation efforts and in different NLP applications, and they serve to model annotators intuitions quite closely. In particular, in this paper we discuss the implementation of graph annotations for sentiment analysis, argumentation structure, and rhetorical text structures. All of these scenarios can create certain problems for existing annotation tools, and we show how GraPAT can help to overcome such difficulties.

null

67,672

inproceedings

pareja-lora-etal-2014-standardisation

Standardisation and Interoperation of Morphosyntactic and Syntactic Annotation Tools for {S}panish and their Annotations

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1637/

Pareja-Lora, Antonio and C{\'a}rcamo-Escorza, Guillermo and Ballesteros-Calvo, Alicia

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4118--4124

Linguistic annotation tools and linguistic annotations are scarcely syntactically and/or semantically interoperable. Their low interoperability usually results from the number of factors taken into account in their development and design. These include (i) the type of phenomena annotated (either morphosyntactic, syntactic, semantic, etc.); (ii) how these phenomena are annotated (e.g., the particular guidelines and/or schema used to encode the annotations); and (iii) the languages (Java, C++, etc.) and technologies (as standalone programs, as APIs, as web services, etc.) used to develop them. This low level of interoperability makes it difficult to reuse both the linguistic annotation tools and their annotations in new scenarios, e.g., in natural language processing (NLP) pipelines. In spite of this, developing new linguistic tools from scratch is quite a high time-consuming task that also entails a very high cost. Therefore, cost-effective ways to systematically reuse linguistic tools and annotations must be found urgently. A traditional way to overcome reuse and/or interoperability problems is standardisation. In this paper, we present a web service version of FreeLing that provides standard-compliant morpho-syntactic and syntactic annotations for Spanish, according to several ISO linguistic annotation standards and standard drafts.

null

67,673

inproceedings

jin-etal-2014-framework

A Framework for Compiling High Quality Knowledge Resources From Raw Corpora

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1638/

Jin, Gongye and Kawahara, Daisuke and Kurohashi, Sadao

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

109--114

The identification of various types of relations is a necessary step to allow computers to understand natural language text. In particular, the clarification of relations between predicates and their arguments is essential because predicate-argument structures convey most of the information in natural languages. To precisely capture these relations, wide-coverage knowledge resources are indispensable. Such knowledge resources can be derived from automatic parses of raw corpora, but unfortunately parsing still has not achieved a high enough performance for precise knowledge acquisition. We present a framework for compiling high quality knowledge resources from raw corpora. Our proposed framework selects high quality dependency relations from automatic parses and makes use of them for not only the calculation of fundamental distributional similarity but also the acquisition of knowledge such as case frames.

null

67,674

inproceedings

utt-etal-2014-fuzzy

Fuzzy {V}-Measure - An Evaluation Method for Cluster Analyses of Ambiguous Data

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1639/

Utt, Jason and Springorum, Sylvia and K{\"oper, Maximilian and Schulte im Walde, Sabine

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

581--587

This paper discusses an extension of the V-measure (Rosenberg and Hirschberg, 2007), an entropy-based cluster evaluation metric. While the original work focused on evaluating hard clusterings, we introduce the Fuzzy V-measure which can be used on data that is inherently ambiguous. We perform multiple analyses varying the sizes and ambiguity rates and show that while entropy-based measures in general tend to suffer when ambiguity increases, a measure with desirable properties can be derived from these in a straightforward manner.

null

67,675

inproceedings

tang-etal-2014-clustering

Clustering tweets using{W}ikipedia concepts

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1640/

Tang, Guoyu and Xia, Yunqing and Wang, Weizhi and Lau, Raymond and Zheng, Fang

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2262--2267

Two challenging issues are notable in tweet clustering. Firstly, the sparse data problem is serious since no tweet can be longer than 140 characters. Secondly, synonymy and polysemy are rather common because users intend to present a unique meaning with a great number of manners in tweets. Enlightened by the recent research which indicates Wikipedia is promising in representing text, we exploit Wikipedia concepts in representing tweets with concept vectors. We address the polysemy issue with a Bayesian model, and the synonymy issue by exploiting the Wikipedia redirections. To further alleviate the sparse data problem, we further make use of three types of out-links in Wikipedia. Evaluation on a twitter dataset shows that the concept model outperforms the traditional VSM model in tweet clustering.

null

67,676

inproceedings

koutsombogera-etal-2014-tutorbot

The Tutorbot Corpus {---} A Corpus for Studying Tutoring Behaviour in Multiparty Face-to-Face Spoken Dialogue

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1641/

Koutsombogera, Maria and Moubayed, Samer Al and Bollepalli, Bajibabu and Abdelaziz, Ahmed Hussen and Johansson, Martin and Lopes, Jos{\'e David Aguas and Novikova, Jekaterina and Oertel, Catharine and Stefanov, Kalin and Varol, G{\"ul

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4196--4201

This paper describes a novel experimental setup exploiting state-of-the-art capture equipment to collect a multimodally rich game-solving collaborative multiparty dialogue corpus. The corpus is targeted and designed towards the development of a dialogue system platform to explore verbal and nonverbal tutoring strategies in multiparty spoken interactions. The dialogue task is centered on two participants involved in a dialogue aiming to solve a card-ordering game. The participants were paired into teams based on their degree of extraversion as resulted from a personality test. With the participants sits a tutor that helps them perform the task, organizes and balances their interaction and whose behavior was assessed by the participants after each interaction. Different multimodal signals captured and auto-synchronized by different audio-visual capture technologies, together with manual annotations of the tutors behavior constitute the Tutorbot corpus. This corpus is exploited to build a situated model of the interaction based on the participants temporally-changing state of attention, their conversational engagement and verbal dominance, and their correlation with the verbal and visual feedback and conversation regulatory actions generated by the tutor.

null

67,677

inproceedings

ljubesic-etal-2014-tweetcat

{T}weet{C}a{T}: a tool for building {T}witter corpora of smaller languages

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1642/

Ljube{\v{s}}i{\'c}, Nikola and Fi{\v{s}}er, Darja and Erjavec, Toma{\v{z}}

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2279--2283

This paper presents TweetCaT, an open-source Python tool for building Twitter corpora that was designed for smaller languages. Using the Twitter search API and a set of seed terms, the tool identifies users tweeting in the language of interest together with their friends and followers. By running the tool for 235 days we tested it on the task of collecting two monitor corpora, one for Croatian and Serbian and the other for Slovene, thus also creating new and valuable resources for these languages. A post-processing step on the collected corpus is also described, which filters out users that tweet predominantly in a foreign language thus further cleans the collected corpora. Finally, an experiment on discriminating between Croatian and Serbian Twitter users is reported.

null

67,678

inproceedings

bojar-etal-2014-hindencorp

{H}ind{E}n{C}orp - {H}indi-{E}nglish and {H}indi-only Corpus for Machine Translation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1643/

Bojar, Ond{\v{r}}ej and Diatka, Vojt{\v{e}}ch and Rychl{\'y}, Pavel and Stra{\v{n}}{\'a}k, Pavel and Suchomel, V{\'i}t and Tamchyna, Ale{\v{s}} and Zeman, Daniel

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3550--3555

We present HindEnCorp, a parallel corpus of Hindi and English, and HindMonoCorp, a monolingual corpus of Hindi in their release version 0.5. Both corpora were collected from web sources and preprocessed primarily for the training of statistical machine translation systems. HindEnCorp consists of 274k parallel sentences (3.9 million Hindi and 3.8 million English tokens). HindMonoCorp amounts to 787 million tokens in 44 million sentences. Both the corpora are freely available for non-commercial research and their preliminary release has been used by numerous participants of the WMT 2014 shared translation task.

null

67,679

inproceedings

necsulescu-etal-2014-combining

Combining dependency information and generalization in a pattern-based approach to the classification of lexical-semantic relation instances

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1644/

Nec{\c{s}}ulescu, Silvia and Mendes, Sara and Bel, N{\'u}ria

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4308--4315

This work addresses the classification of word pairs as instances of lexical-semantic relations. The classification is approached by leveraging patterns of co-occurrence contexts from corpus data. The significance of using dependency information, of augmenting the set of dependency paths provided to the system, and of generalizing patterns using part-of-speech information for the classification of lexical-semantic relation instances is analyzed. Results show that dependency information is decisive to achieve better results both in precision and recall, while generalizing features based on dependency information by replacing lexical forms with their part-of-speech increases the coverage of classification systems. Our experiments also make apparent that approaches based on the context where word pairs co-occur are upper-bound-limited by the times these appear in the same sentence. Therefore strategies to use information across sentence boundaries are necessary.

null

67,680

inproceedings

chalamandaris-etal-2014-using

Using Audio Books for Training a Text-to-Speech System

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1645/

Chalamandaris, Aimilios and Tsiakoulis, Pirros and Karabetsos, Sotiris and Raptis, Spyros

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3076--3080

Creating new voices for a TTS system often requires a costly procedure of designing and recording an audio corpus, a time consuming and effort intensive task. Using publicly available audiobooks as the raw material of a spoken corpus for such systems creates new perspectives regarding the possibility of creating new synthetic voices quickly and with limited effort. This paper addresses the issue of creating new synthetic voices based on audiobook data in an automated method. As an audiobook includes several types of speech, such as narration, character playing etc., special care is given in identifying the data subset that leads to a more neutral and general purpose synthetic voice. The main goal is to identify and address the effect the audiobook speech diversity on the resulting TTS system. Along with the methodology for coping with this diversity in the speech data, we also describe a set of experiments performed in order to investigate the efficiency of different approaches for automatic data pruning. Further plans for exploiting the diversity of the speech incorporated in an audiobook are also described in the final section and conclusions are drawn.

null

67,681

inproceedings

cybulska-vossen-2014-using

Using a sledgehammer to crack a nut? Lexical diversity and event coreference resolution

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1646/

Cybulska, Agata and Vossen, Piek

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4545--4552

In this paper we examine the representativeness of the EventCorefBank (ECB, Bejan and Harabagiu, 2010) with regards to the language population of large-volume streams of news. The ECB corpus is one of the data sets used for evaluation of the task of event coreference resolution. Our analysis shows that the ECB in most cases covers one seminal event per domain, what considerably simplifies event and so language diversity that one comes across in the news. We augmented the corpus with a new corpus component, consisting of 502 texts, describing different instances of event types that were already captured by the 43 topics of the ECB, making it more representative of news articles on the web. The new {\textquotedblleft}ECB+{\textquotedblright} corpus is available for further research.

null

67,682

inproceedings

ljubesic-toral-2014-cawac

ca{W}a{C} {--} A web corpus of {C}atalan and its application to language modeling and machine translation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1647/

Ljube{\v{s}}i{\'c}, Nikola and Toral, Antonio

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1728--1732

In this paper we present the construction process of a web corpus of Catalan built from the content of the .cat top-level domain. For collecting and processing data we use the Brno pipeline with the spiderling crawler and its accompanying tools. To the best of our knowledge the corpus represents the largest existing corpus of Catalan containing 687 million words, which is a significant increase given that until now the biggest corpus of Catalan, CuCWeb, counts 166 million words. We evaluate the resulting resource on the tasks of language modeling and statistical machine translation (SMT) by calculating LM perplexity and incorporating the LM in the SMT pipeline. We compare language models trained on different subsets of the resource with those trained on the Catalan Wikipedia and the target side of the parallel data used to train the SMT system.

null

67,683

inproceedings

kupietz-lungen-2014-recent

Recent Developments in {D}e{R}e{K}o

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1648/

Kupietz, Marc and L{\"ungen, Harald

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2378--2385

This paper gives an overview of recent developments in the German Reference Corpus DeReKo in terms of growth, maximising relevant corpus strata, metadata, legal issues, and its current and future research interface. Due to the recent acquisition of new licenses, DeReKo has grown by a factor of four in the first half of 2014, mostly in the area of newspaper text, and presently contains over 24 billion word tokens. Other strata, like fictional texts, web corpora, in particular CMC texts, and spoken but conceptually written texts have also increased significantly. We report on the newly acquired corpora that led to the major increase, on the principles and strategies behind our corpus acquisition activities, and on our solutions for the emerging legal, organisational, and technical challenges.

null

67,684

inproceedings

hsieh-2014-chinese

Why {C}hinese Web-as-Corpus is Wacky? Or: How Big Data is Killing {C}hinese Corpus Linguistics

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1649/

Hsieh, Shu-Kai

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2386--2389

This paper aims to examine and evaluate the current development of using Web-as-Corpus (WaC) paradigm in Chinese corpus linguistics. I will argue that the unstable notion of wordhood in Chinese and the resulting diverse ideas of implementing word segmentation systems have posed great challenges for those who are keen on building web-scaled corpus data. Two lexical measures are proposed to illustrate the issues and methodological discussions are provided.

null

67,685

inproceedings

ahmed-khan-2014-automatic

Automatic acquisition of {U}rdu nouns (along with gender and irregular plurals)

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1650/

Ahmed Khan, Tafseer

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2846--2850

The paper describes a set of methods to automatically acquire the Urdu nouns (and its gender) on the basis of inflectional and contextual clues. The algorithms used are a blend of computer`s brute force on the corpus and careful design of distinguishing rules on the basis linguistic knowledge. As there are homograph inflections for Urdu nouns, adjectives and verbs, we compare potential inflectional forms with paradigms of inflections in strict order and gives best guess (of part of speech) for the word. We also worked on irregular plurals i.e. the plural forms that are borrowed from Arabic, Persian and English. Evaluation shows that not all the borrowed rules have same productivity in Urdu. The commonly used borrowed plural rules are shown in the result.

null

67,686

inproceedings

llewellyn-etal-2014-using

Re-using an Argument Corpus to Aid in the Curation of Social Media Collections

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1651/

Llewellyn, Clare and Grover, Claire and Oberlander, Jon and Klein, Ewan

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

462--468

This work investigates how automated methods can be used to classify social media text into argumentation types. In particular it is shown how supervised machine learning was used to annotate a Twitter dataset (London Riots) with argumentation classes. An investigation of issues arising from a natural inconsistency within social media data found that machine learning algorithms tend to over fit to the data because Twitter contains a lot of repetition in the form of retweets. It is also noted that when learning argumentation classes we must be aware that the classes will most likely be of very different sizes and this must be kept in mind when analysing the results. Encouraging results were found in adapting a model from one domain of Twitter data (London Riots) to another (OR2012). When adapting a model to another dataset the most useful feature was punctuation. It is probable that the nature of punctuation in Twitter language, the very specific use in links, indicates argumentation class.

null

67,687

inproceedings

skadins-etal-2014-billions

Billions of Parallel Words for Free: Building and Using the {EU} Bookshop Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1652/

Skadi{\c{n{\v{s, Raivis and Tiedemann, J{\"org and Rozis, Roberts and Deksne, Daiga

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1850--1855

The European Union is a great source of high quality documents with translations into several languages. Parallel corpora from its publications are frequently used in various tasks, machine translation in particular. A source that has not systematically been explored yet is the EU Bookshop {\textemdash} an online service and archive of publications from various European institutions. The service contains a large body of publications in the 24 official of the EU. This paper describes our efforts in collecting those publications and converting them to a format that is useful for natural language processing in particular statistical machine translation. We report our procedure of crawling the website and various pre-processing steps that were necessary to clean up the data after the conversion from the original PDF files. Furthermore, we demonstrate the use of this dataset in training SMT models for English, French, German, Spanish, and Latvian.

null

67,688

inproceedings

maks-etal-2014-generating

Generating Polarity Lexicons with {W}ord{N}et propagation in 5 languages

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1653/

Maks, Isa and Izquierdo, Ruben and Frontini, Francesca and Agerri, Rodrigo and Vossen, Piek and Azpeitia, Andoni

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1155--1161

In this paper we focus on the creation of general-purpose (as opposed to domain-specific) polarity lexicons in five languages: French, Italian, Dutch, English and Spanish using WordNet propagation. WordNet propagation is a commonly used method to generate these lexicons as it gives high coverage of general purpose language and the semantically rich WordNets where concepts are organised in synonym , antonym and hyperonym/hyponym structures seem to be well suited to the identification of positive and negative words. However, WordNets of different languages may vary in many ways such as the way they are compiled, the number of synsets, number of synonyms and number of semantic relations they include. In this study we investigate whether this variability translates into differences of performance when these WordNets are used for polarity propagation. Although many variants of the propagation method are developed for English, little is known about how they perform with WordNets of other languages. We implemented a propagation algorithm and designed a method to obtain seed lists similar with respect to quality and size, for each of the five languages. We evaluated the results against gold standards also developed according to a common method in order to achieve as less variance as possible between the different languages.

null

67,689

inproceedings

chinea-rios-etal-2014-online

Online optimisation of log-linear weights in interactive machine translation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1654/

Chinea Rios, Mara and Sanchis-Trilles, Germ{\'a}n and Ortiz-Mart{\'i}nez, Daniel and Casacuberta, Francisco

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3556--3559

Whenever the quality provided by a machine translation system is not enough, a human expert is required to correct the sentences provided by the machine translation system. In such a setup, it is crucial that the system is able to learn from the errors that have already been corrected. In this paper, we analyse the applicability of discriminative ridge regression for learning the log-linear weights of a state-of-the-art machine translation system underlying an interactive machine translation framework, with encouraging results.

null

67,690

inproceedings

strotgen-etal-2014-extending

Extending {H}eidel{T}ime for Temporal Expressions Referring to Historic Dates

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1655/

Str{\"otgen, Jannik and B{\"ogel, Thomas and Zell, Julian and Armiti, Ayser and Canh, Tran Van and Gertz, Michael

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2390--2397

Research on temporal tagging has achieved a lot of attention during the last years. However, most of the work focuses on processing news-style documents. Thus, references to historic dates are often not well handled by temporal taggers although they frequently occur in narrative-style documents about history, e.g., in many Wikipedia articles. In this paper, we present the AncientTimes corpus containing documents about different historic time periods in eight languages, in which we manually annotated temporal expressions. Based on this corpus, we explain the challenges of temporal tagging documents about history. Furthermore, we use the corpus to extend our multilingual, cross-domain temporal tagger HeidelTime to extract and normalize temporal expressions referring to historic dates, and to demonstrate HeidelTime`s new capabilities. Both, the AncientTimes corpus as well as the new HeidelTime version are made publicly available.

null

67,691

inproceedings

klinger-cimiano-2014-usage

The {USAGE} review corpus for fine grained multi lingual opinion analysis

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1656/

Klinger, Roman and Cimiano, Philipp

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2211--2218

Opinion mining has received wide attention in recent years. Models for this task are typically trained or evaluated with a manually annotated dataset. However, fine-grained annotation of sentiments including information about aspects and their evaluation is very labour-intensive. The data available so far is limited. Contributing to this situation, this paper describes the Bielefeld University Sentiment Analysis Corpus for German and English (USAGE), which we offer freely to the community and which contains the annotation of product reviews from Amazon with both aspects and subjective phrases. It provides information on segments in the text which denote an aspect or a subjective evaluative phrase which refers to the aspect. Relations and coreferences are explicitly annotated. This dataset contains 622 English and 611 German reviews, allowing to investigate how to port sentiment analysis systems across languages and domains. We describe the methodology how the corpus was created and provide statistics including inter-annotator agreement. We further provide figures for a baseline system and results for German and English as well as in a cross-domain setting. The results are encouraging in that they show that aspects and phrases can be extracted robustly without the need of tuning to a particular type of products.

null

67,692

inproceedings

bouayad-agha-etal-2014-exercise

An Exercise in Reuse of Resources: Adapting General Discourse Coreference Resolution for Detecting Lexical Chains in Patent Documentation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1657/

Bouayad-Agha, Nadjet and Burga, Alicia and Casamayor, Gerard and Codina, Joan and Nazar, Rogelio and Wanner, Leo

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3214--3221

The Stanford Coreference Resolution System (StCR) is a multi-pass, rule-based system that scored best in the CoNLL 2011 shared task on general discourse coreference resolution. We describe how the StCR has been adapted to the specific domain of patents and give some cues on how it can be adapted to other domains. We present a linguistic analysis of the patent domain and how we were able to adapt the rules to the domain and to expand coreferences with some lexical chains. A comparative evaluation shows an improvement of the coreference resolution system, denoting that (i) StCR is a valuable tool across different text genres; (ii) specialized discourse NLP may significantly benefit from general discourse NLP research.

null

67,693

inproceedings

severo-etal-2014-voar

{VOAR}: A Visual and Integrated Ontology Alignment Environment

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1658/

Severo, Bernardo and Trojahn, Cassia and Vieira, Renata

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3671--3677

Ontology alignment is a key process for enabling interoperability between ontology-based systems in the Linked Open Data age. From two input ontologies, this process generates an alignment (set of correspondences) between them. In this paper we present VOAR, a new web-based environment for ontology alignment visualization and manipulation. Within this graphical environment, users can manually create/edit correspondences and apply a set of operations on alignments (filtering, merge, difference, etc.). VOAR allows invoking external ontology matching systems that implement a specific alignment interface, so that the generated alignments can be manipulated within the environment. Evaluating multiple alignments together against a reference one can also be carried out, using classical evaluation metrics (precision, recall and f-measure). The status of each correspondence with respect to its presence or absence in reference alignment is visually represented. Overall, the main new aspect of VOAR is the visualization and manipulation of alignments at schema level, in an integrated, visual and web-based environment.

null

67,694

inproceedings

eckart-etal-2014-500

A 500 Million Word {POS}-Tagged {I}celandic Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1659/

Eckart, Thomas and Hallsteinsd{\'o}ttir, Erla and Helgad{\'o}ttir, Sigr{\'u}n and Quasthoff, Uwe and Goldhahn, Dirk

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2398--2402

The new POS-tagged Icelandic corpus of the Leipzig Corpora Collection is an extensive resource for the analysis of the Icelandic language. As it contains a large share of all Web documents hosted under the .is top-level domain, it is especially valuable for investigations on modern Icelandic and non-standard language varieties. The corpus is accessible via a dedicated web portal and large shares are available for download. Focus of this paper will be the description of the tagging process and evaluation of statistical properties like word form frequencies and part of speech tag distributions. The latter will be in particular compared with values from the Icelandic Frequency Dictionary (IFD) Corpus.

null

67,695

inproceedings

benkoussas-etal-2014-collection

A Collection of Scholarly Book Reviews from the Platforms of electronic sources in Humanities and Social Sciences {O}pen{E}dition.org

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1660/

Benkoussas, Chahinez and Hamdan, Hussam and Bellot, Patrice and B{\'e}chet, Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric and Faath, Elodie

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4172--4177

In this paper, we present our contribution for the automatic construction of the Scholarly Book Reviews corpora from two different sources, the OpenEdition platform which is dedicated to electronic resources in the humanities and social sciences, and the Web. The main target is the collect of reviews in order to provide automatic links between each review and its potential book in the future. For these purposes, we propose different document representations and we apply some supervised approaches for binary genre classification before evaluating their impact.

null

67,696

inproceedings

ingason-etal-2014-rapid

Rapid Deployment of Phrase Structure Parsing for Related Languages: A Case Study of {I}nsular {S}candinavian

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1661/

Ingason, Anton Karl and Loftsson, Hrafn and R{\"ognvaldsson, Eir{\'ikur and Sigur{\dhsson, Einar Freyr and Wallenberg, Joel C.

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

91--95

This paper presents ongoing work that aims to improve machine parsing of Faroese using a combination of Faroese and Icelandic training data. We show that even if we only have a relatively small parsed corpus of one language, namely 53,000 words of Faroese, we can obtain better results by adding information about phrase structure from a closely related language which has a similar syntax. Our experiment uses the Berkeley parser. We demonstrate that the addition of Icelandic data without any other modification to the experimental setup results in an f-measure improvement from 75.44{\%} to 78.05{\%} in Faroese and an improvement in part-of-speech tagging accuracy from 88.86{\%} to 90.40{\%}.

null

67,697

inproceedings

roder-etal-2014-n3

N{\textthreesuperior} - A Collection of Datasets for Named Entity Recognition and Disambiguation in the {NLP} Interchange Format

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1662/

R{\"oder, Michael and Usbeck, Ricardo and Hellmann, Sebastian and Gerber, Daniel and Both, Andreas

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3529--3533

Extracting Linked Data following the Semantic Web principle from unstructured sources has become a key challenge for scientific research. Named Entity Recognition and Disambiguation are two basic operations in this extraction process. One step towards the realization of the Semantic Web vision and the development of highly accurate tools is the availability of data for validating the quality of processes for Named Entity Recognition and Disambiguation as well as for algorithm tuning. This article presents three novel, manually curated and annotated corpora (N3). All of them are based on a free license and stored in the NLP Interchange Format to leverage the Linked Data character of our datasets.

null

67,698

inproceedings

cardenoso-payo-etal-2014-assessment

Assessment of Non-native Prosody for {S}panish as {L}2 using quantitative scores and perceptual evaluation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1663/

Carde{\~n}oso-Payo, Valent{\'i}n and Gonz{\'a}lez-Ferreras, C{\'e}sar and Escudero, David

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3967--3972

In this work we present SAMPLE, a new pronunciation database of Spanish as L2, and first results on the automatic assessment of Non-native prosody. Listen and repeat and read tasks are carried out by native and foreign speakers of Spanish. The corpus has been designed to support comparative studies and evaluation of automatic pronunciation error assessment both at phonetic and prosodic level. Four expert evaluators have annotated utterances with perceptual scores related to prosodic aspects of speech, intelligibility, phonetic quality and global proficiency level in Spanish. From each utterance, we computed several prosodic features and ASR scores. A correlation study over subjective and quantitative measures is carried out. An estimation of the prediction of perceptual scores from speech features is shown.

null

67,699

inproceedings

stadtschnitzer-etal-2014-exploiting

Exploiting the large-scale {G}erman Broadcast Corpus to boost the Fraunhofer {IAIS} Speech Recognition System

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1664/

Stadtschnitzer, Michael and Schwenninger, Jochen and Stein, Daniel and Koehler, Joachim

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3887--3890

In this paper we describe the large-scale German broadcast corpus (GER-TV1000h) containing more than 1,000 hours of transcribed speech data. This corpus is unique in the German language corpora domain and enables significant progress in tuning the acoustic modelling of German large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) systems. The exploitation of this huge broadcast corpus is demonstrated by optimizing and improving the Fraunhofer IAIS speech recognition system. Due to the availability of huge amount of acoustic training data new training strategies are investigated. The performance of the automatic speech recognition (ASR) system is evaluated on several datasets and compared to previously published results. It can be shown that the word error rate (WER) using a larger corpus can be reduced by up to 9.1 {\%} relative. By using both larger corpus and recent training paradigms the WER was reduced by up to 35.8 {\%} relative and below 40 {\%} absolute even for spontaneous dialectal speech in noisy conditions, making the ASR output a useful resource for subsequent tasks like named entity recognition also in difficult acoustic situations.

null

67,700

inproceedings

loukachevitch-alekseev-2014-summarizing

Summarizing News Clusters on the Basis of Thematic Chains

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1665/

Loukachevitch, Natalia and Alekseev, Aleksey

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1600--1607

In this paper we consider a method for extraction of sets of semantically similar language expressions representing different partici-pants of the text story {\textemdash} thematic chains. The method is based on the structural organization of news clusters and exploits comparison of various contexts of words. The word contexts are used as a basis for extracting multiword expressions and constructing thematic chains. The main difference of thematic chains in comparison with lexical chains is the basic principle of their construction: thematic chains are intended to model different participants (concrete or abstract) of the situation described in the analyzed texts, what means that elements of the same thematic chain cannot often co-occur in the same sentences of the texts under consideration. We evaluate our method on the multi-document summarization task

null

67,701

inproceedings

foth-etal-2014-size

Because Size Does Matter: The {H}amburg Dependency Treebank

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1666/

Foth, Kilian A. and K{\"ohn, Arne and Beuck, Niels and Menzel, Wolfgang

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2326--2333

We present the Hamburg Dependency Treebank (HDT), which to our knowledge is the largest dependency treebank currently available. It consists of genuine dependency annotations, i. e. they have not been transformed from phrase structures. We explore characteristics of the treebank and compare it against others. To exemplify the benefit of large dependency treebanks, we evaluate different parsers on the HDT. In addition, a set of tools will be described which help working with and searching in the treebank.

null

67,702

inproceedings

galata-etal-2014-discovering

Discovering the {I}talian literature: interactive access to audio indexed text resources

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1667/

Galat{\`a}, Vincenzo and Benin, Alberto and Cosi, Piero and Leone, Giuseppe Riccardo and Paci, Giulio and Sommavilla, Giacomo and Tesser, Fabio

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4152--4156

In this paper we present a web interface to study Italian through the access to read Italian literature. The system allows to browse the content, search for specific words and listen to the correct pronunciation produced by native speakers in a given context. This work aims at providing people who are interested in learning Italian with a new way of exploring the Italian culture and literature through a web interface with a search module. By submitting a query, users may browse and listen to the results through several modalities including: a) the voice of a native speaker: if an indexed audio track is available, the user can listen either to the query terms or to the whole context in which they appear (sentence, paragraph, verse); b) a synthetic voice: the user can listen to the results read by a text-to-speech system; c) an avatar: the user can listen to and look at a talking head reading the paragraph and visually reproducing real speech articulatory movements. In its up to date version, different speech technologies currently being developed at ISTC-CNR are implemented into a single framework. The system will be described in detail and hints for future work are discussed.

null

67,703

inproceedings

gracia-etal-2014-enabling

Enabling Language Resources to Expose Translations as Linked Data on the Web

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1668/

Gracia, Jorge and Montiel-Ponsoda, Elena and Vila-Suero, Daniel and Aguado-de-Cea, Guadalupe

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

409--413

Language resources, such as multilingual lexica and multilingual electronic dictionaries, contain collections of lexical entries in several languages. Having access to the corresponding explicit or implicit translation relations between such entries might be of great interest for many NLP-based applications. By using Semantic Web-based techniques, translations can be available on the Web to be consumed by other (semantic enabled) resources in a direct manner, not relying on application-specific formats. To that end, in this paper we propose a model for representing translations as linked data, as an extension of the lemon model. Our translation module represents some core information associated to term translations and does not commit to specific views or translation theories. As a proof of concept, we have extracted the translations of the terms contained in Terminesp, a multilingual terminological database, and represented them as linked data. We have made them accessible on the Web both for humans (via a Web interface) and software agents (with a SPARQL endpoint).

null

67,704

inproceedings

acs-2014-pivot

Pivot-based multilingual dictionary building using {W}iktionary

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1669/

{\'A}cs, Judit

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1938--1942

We describe a method for expanding existing dictionaries in several languages by discovering previously non-existent links between translations. We call this method triangulation and we present and compare several variations of it. We assess precision manually, and recall by comparing the extracted dictionaries with independently obtained basic vocabulary sets. We featurize the translation candidates and train a maximum entropy classifier to identify correct translations in the noisy data.

null

67,705

inproceedings

glaser-kuhn-2014-exploring

Exploring the utility of coreference chains for improved identification of personal names

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1670/

Glaser, Andrea and Kuhn, Jonas

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2570--2577

Identifying the real world entity that a proper name refers to is an important task in many NLP applications. Context plays an important role in disambiguating entities with the same names. In this paper, we discuss a dataset and experimental set-up that allows us to systematically explore the effects of different sizes and types of context in this disambiguation task. We create context by first identifying coreferent expressions in the document and then combining sentences these expressions occur in to one informative context. We apply different filters to obtain different levels of coreference-based context. Since hand-labeling a dataset of a decent size is expensive, we investigate the usefulness of an automatically created pseudo-ambiguity dataset. The results on this pseudo-ambiguity dataset show that using coreference-based context performs better than using a fixed window of context around the entity. The insights taken from the pseudo data experiments can be used to predict how the method works with real data. In our experiments on real data we obtain comparable results.

null

67,706

inproceedings

erekhinskaya-etal-2014-multilingual

Multilingual e{X}tended {W}ord{N}et Knowledge Base: Semantic Parsing and Translation of Glosses

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1671/

Erekhinskaya, Tatiana and Satpute, Meghana and Moldovan, Dan

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2990--2994

This paper presents a method to create WordNet-like lexical resources for different languages. Instead of directly translating glosses from one language to another, we perform first semantic parsing of WordNet glosses and then translate the resulting semantic representation. The proposed approach simplifies the machine translation of the glosses. The approach provides ready to use semantic representation of glosses in target languages instead of just plain text.

null

67,707

inproceedings

zarrouk-lafourcade-2014-relation

Relation Inference in Lexical Networks ... with Refinements

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1672/

Zarrouk, Manel and Lafourcade, Mathieu

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2995--3000

Improving lexical networks quality is an important issue in the creation process of these language resources. This can be done by automatically inferring new relations from already existing ones with the purpose of (1) densifying the relations to cover the eventual lack of information and (2) detecting errors. In this paper, we devise such an approach applied to the JeuxDeMots lexical network, which is a freely available lexical and semantic resource for French. We first present the principles behind the lexical network construction with crowdsourcing and games with a purpose and illustrated them with JeuxDeMots (JDM). Then, we present the outline of an elicitation engine based on an inference engine using schemes like deduction, induction and abduction which will be referenced and briefly presented and we will especially highlight the new scheme (Relation Inference Scheme with Refinements) added to our system. An experiment showing the relevance of this scheme is then presented.

null

67,708

inproceedings

perez-rosas-etal-2014-multimodal

A Multimodal Dataset for Deception Detection

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1673/

P{\'e}rez-Rosas, Ver{\'o}nica and Mihalcea, Rada and Narvaez, Alexis and Burzo, Mihai

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3118--3122

This paper presents the construction of a multimodal dataset for deception detection, including physiological, thermal, and visual responses of human subjects under three deceptive scenarios. We present the experimental protocol, as well as the data acquisition process. To evaluate the usefulness of the dataset for the task of deception detection, we present a statistical analysis of the physiological and thermal modalities associated with the deceptive and truthful conditions. Initial results show that physiological and thermal responses can differentiate between deceptive and truthful states.

null

67,709

inproceedings

goldman-etal-2014-c

{C}-{P}hono{G}enre: a 7-hours corpus of 7 speaking styles in {F}rench: relations between situational features and prosodic properties

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1674/

Goldman, Jean-Philippe and Pr{\v{s}}ir, Tea and Auchlin, Antoine

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

302--305

Phonogenres, or speaking styles, are typified acoustic images associated to types of language activities, causing prosodic and phonostylistic variations. This communication presents a large speech corpus (7 hours) in French, extending a previous work by Goldman et al. (2011a), Simon et al. (2010), with a greater number and complementary repertoire of considered phonogenres. The corpus is available with segmentation at phonetic, syllabic and word levels, as well as manual annotation. Segmentations and annotations were achieved semi-automatically, through a set of Praat implemented tools, and manual steps. The phonogenres are also described with a reduced set of situational dimensions as in Lucci (1983) and Koch {\&} Oesterreichers (2001). A preliminary acoustic study, joining rhythmical comparative measurements (Dellwo 2010) to Goldman et al.s (2007a) ProsoReport, reports acoustic differences between phonogenres.

null

67,710

inproceedings

abdelali-etal-2014-amara

The {AMARA} Corpus: Building Parallel Language Resources for the Educational Domain

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1675/

Abdelali, Ahmed and Guzman, Francisco and Sajjad, Hassan and Vogel, Stephan

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1856--1862

This paper presents the AMARA corpus of on-line educational content: a new parallel corpus of educational video subtitles, multilingually aligned for 20 languages, i.e. 20 monolingual corpora and 190 parallel corpora. This corpus includes both resource-rich languages such as English and Arabic, and resource-poor languages such as Hindi and Thai. In this paper, we describe the gathering, validation, and preprocessing of a large collection of parallel, community-generated subtitles. Furthermore, we describe the methodology used to prepare the data for Machine Translation tasks. Additionally, we provide a document-level, jointly aligned development and test sets for 14 language pairs, designed for tuning and testing Machine Translation systems. We provide baseline results for these tasks, and highlight some of the challenges we face when building machine translation systems for educational content.

null

67,711

inproceedings

pretkalnina-etal-2014-dependency

Dependency parsing representation effects on the accuracy of semantic applications {---} an example of an inflective language

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1676/

Pretkalni{\c{n}}a, Lauma and Znoti{\c{n}}{\v{s}}, Art{\={u}}rs and Rituma, Laura and Go{\v{s}}ko, Didzis

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4074--4081

In this paper we investigate how different dependency representations of a treebank influence the accuracy of the dependency parser trained on this treebank and the impact on several parser applications: named entity recognition, coreference resolution and limited semantic role labeling. For these experiments we use Latvian Treebank, whose native annotation format is dependency based hybrid augmented with phrase-like elements. We explore different representations of coordinations, complex predicates and punctuation mark attachment. Our experiments shows that parsers trained on the variously transformed treebanks vary significantly in their accuracy, but the best-performing parser as measured by attachment score not always leads to best accuracy for an end application.

null

67,712

inproceedings

ke-marteau-2014-co

Co-clustering of bilingual datasets as a mean for assisting the construction of thematic bilingual comparable corpora

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1677/

Ke, Guiyao and Marteau, Pierre-Francois

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1992--1999

We address in this paper the assisted construction of bilingual thematic comparable corpora by means of co-clustering bilingual documents collected from raw sources such as the Web. The proposed approach is based on a quantitative comparability measure and a co-clustering approach which allow to mix similarity measures existing in each of the two linguistic spaces with a {\textquotedblleft}thematic{\textquotedblright} comparability measure that defines a mapping between these two spaces. With the improvement of the co-clustering ($k$-medoids) performance we get, we use a comparability threshold and a manual verification to ensure the good and robust alignment of co-clusters (co-medoids). Finally, from any available raw corpus, we enrich the aligned clusters in order to provide {\textquotedblleft}thematic{\textquotedblright} comparable corpora of good quality and controlled size. On a case study that exploit raw web data, we show that this approach scales reasonably well and is quite suited for the construction of thematic comparable corpora of good quality.

null

67,713

inproceedings

kedzia-piasecki-2014-ruled

Ruled-based, Interlingual Motivated Mapping of pl{W}ord{N}et onto {SUMO} Ontology

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1678/

K{\k{e}}dzia, Pawe{\l} and Piasecki, Maciej

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4351--4358

In this paper we study a rule-based approach to mapping plWordNet onto SUMO Upper Ontology on the basis of the already existing mappings: plWordNet {--} the Princeton WordNet {--} SUMO. Information acquired from the inter-lingual relations between plWordNet and Princeton WordNet and the relations between Princeton WordNet and SUMO ontology are used in the proposed rules. Several mapping rules together with the matching examples are presented. The automated mapping results were evaluated in two steps, (i) we automatically checked formal correctness of the mappings for the pairs of plWordNet synset and SUMO concept, (ii) a subset of 160 mapping examples was manually checked by two+one linguists. We analyzed types of the mapping errors and their causes. The proposed rules expressed very high precision, especially when the errors in the resources are taken into account. Because both wordnets were constructed independently and as a result the obtained rules are not trivial and they reveal the differences between both wordnets and both languages.

null

67,714

inproceedings

samvelian-etal-2014-extending

Extending the coverage of a {MWE} database for {P}ersian {CP}s exploiting valency alternations

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1679/

Samvelian, Pollet and Faghiri, Pegah and Ayari, Sarra El

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4023--4026

PersPred is a manually elaborated multilingual syntactic and semantic Lexicon for Persian Complex Predicates (CPs), referred to also as Light Verb Constructions (LVCs) or Compound Verbs. CPs constitutes the regular and the most common way of expressing verbal concepts in Persian, which has only around 200 simplex verbs. CPs can be defined as multi-word sequences formed by a verb and a non-verbal element and functioning in many respects as a simplex verb. Bonami {\&} Samvelain (2010) and Samvelian {\&} Faghiri (to appear) extendedly argue that Persian CPs are MWEs and consequently must be listed. The first delivery of PersPred, contains more than 600 combinations of the verb zadan hit with a noun, presented in a spreadsheet. In this paper we present a semi-automatic method used to extend the coverage of PersPred 1.0, which relies on the syntactic information on valency alternations already encoded in the database. Given the importance of CPs in the verbal lexicon of Persian and the fact that lexical resources cruelly lack for Persian, this method can be further used to achieve our goal of making PersPred an appropriate resource for NLP applications.

null

67,715

inproceedings

horbach-etal-2014-finding

Finding a Tradeoff between Accuracy and Rater`s Workload in Grading Clustered Short Answers

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1680/

Horbach, Andrea and Palmer, Alexis and Wolska, Magdalena

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

588--595

n this paper we investigate the potential of answer clustering for semi-automatic scoring of short answer questions for German as a foreign language. We use surface features like word and character n-grams to cluster answers to listening comprehension exercises per question and simulate having human graders only label one answer per cluster and then propagating this label to all other members of the cluster. We investigate various ways to select this single item to be labeled and find that choosing the item closest to the centroid of a cluster leads to improved (simulated) grading accuracy over random item selection. Averaged over all questions, we can reduce a teachers workload to labeling only 40{\%} of all different answers for a question, while still maintaining a grading accuracy of more than 85{\%}.

null

67,716

inproceedings

wang-etal-2014-macrosyntactic

Macrosyntactic Segmenters of a {F}rench Spoken Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1681/

Wang, Ilaine and Kahane, Sylvain and Tellier, Isabelle

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3891--3896

The aim of this paper is to describe an automated process to segment spoken French transcribed data into macrosyntactic units. While sentences are delimited by punctuation marks for written data, there is no obvious hint nor limit to major units for speech. As a reference, we used the manual annotation of macrosyntactic units based on illocutionary as well as syntactic criteria and developed for the Rhapsodie corpus, a 33.000 words prosodic and syntactic treebank. Our segmenters were built using machine learning methods as supervised classifiers : segmentation is about identifying the boundaries of units, which amounts to classifying each interword space. We trained six different models on Rhapsodie using different sets of features, including prosodic and morphosyntactic cues, on the assumption that their combination would be relevant for the task. Both types of cues could be resulting either from manual annotation/correction or from fully automated processes, which comparison might help determine the cost of manual effort, especially for the 3M words of spoken French of the Orfeo project those experiments are contributing to.

null

67,717

inproceedings

klatter-etal-2014-vulnerability

Vulnerability in Acquisition, Language Impairments in {D}utch: Creating a {VALID} Data Archive

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1682/

Klatter, Jetske and van Hout, Roeland and van den Heuvel, Henk and Fikkert, Paula and Baker, Anne and de Jong, Jan and Wijnen, Frank and Sanders, Eric and Trilsbeek, Paul

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

357--364

The VALID Data Archive is an open multimedia data archive (under construction) with data from speakers suffering from language impairments. We report on a pilot project in the CLARIN-NL framework in which five data resources were curated. For all data sets concerned, written informed consent from the participants or their caretakers has been obtained. All materials were anonymized. The audio files were converted into wav (linear PCM) files and the transcriptions into CHAT or ELAN format. Research data that consisted of test, SPSS and Excel files were documented and converted into CSV files. All data sets obtained appropriate CMDI metadata files. A new CMDI metadata profile for this type of data resources was established and care was taken that ISOcat metadata categories were used to optimize interoperability. After curation all data are deposited at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics Nijmegen where persistent identifiers are linked to all resources. The content of the transcriptions in CHAT and plain text format can be searched with the TROVA search engine.

null

67,718

inproceedings

bjorkelund-etal-2014-extended

The Extended {DIRNDL} Corpus as a Resource for Coreference and Bridging Resolution

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1683/

Bj{\"orkelund, Anders and Eckart, Kerstin and Riester, Arndt and Schauffler, Nadja and Schweitzer, Katrin

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3222--3228

DIRNDL is a spoken and written corpus based on German radio news, which features coreference and information-status annotation (including bridging anaphora and their antecedents), as well as prosodic information. We have recently extended DIRNDL with a fine-grained two-dimensional information status labeling scheme. We have also applied a state-of-the-art part-of-speech and morphology tagger to the corpus, as well as highly accurate constituency and dependency parsers. In the light of this development we believe that DIRNDL is an interesting resource for NLP researchers working on automatic coreference and bridging resolution. In order to enable and promote usage of the data, we make it available for download in an accessible tabular format, compatible with the formats used in the CoNLL and SemEval shared tasks on automatic coreference resolution.

null

67,719

inproceedings

volodina-etal-2014-flexible

A flexible language learning platform based on language resources and web services

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1684/

Volodina, Elena and Pil{\'an, Ildik{\'o and Borin, Lars and Tiedemann, Therese Lindstr{\"om

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3973--3978

We present L{\"arka, the language learning platform of Spr{\"akbanken (the Swedish Language Bank). It consists of an exercise generator which reuses resources available through Spr{\"akbanken: mainly Korp, the corpus infrastructure, and Karp, the lexical infrastructure. Through L{\"arka we reach new user groups {\textemdash students and teachers of Linguistics as well as second language learners and their teachers {\textemdash and this way bring Spr{\"akbanken`s resources in a relevant format to them. L{\"arka can therefore be viewed as an case of real-life language resource evaluation with end users. In this article we describe L{\"arka`s architecture, its user interface, and the five exercise types that have been released for users so far. The first user evaluation following in-class usage with students of linguistics, speech therapy and teacher candidates are presented. The outline of future work concludes the paper.

null

67,720

inproceedings

chiarcos-2014-towards

Towards interoperable discourse annotation. Discourse features in the Ontologies of Linguistic Annotation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1685/

Chiarcos, Christian

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4569--4577

This paper describes the extension of the Ontologies of Linguistic Annotation (OLiA) with respect to discourse features. The OLiA ontologies provide a a terminology repository that can be employed to facilitate the conceptual (semantic) interoperability of annotations of discourse phenomena as found in the most important corpora available to the community, including OntoNotes, the RST Discourse Treebank and the Penn Discourse Treebank. Along with selected schemes for information structure and coreference, discourse relations are discussed with special emphasis on the Penn Discourse Treebank and the RST Discourse Treebank. For an example contained in the intersection of both corpora, I show how ontologies can be employed to generalize over divergent annotation schemes.

null

67,721

inproceedings

littell-etal-2014-morphological

Morphological parsing of {S}wahili using crowdsourced lexical resources

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1686/

Littell, Patrick and Price, Kaitlyn and Levin, Lori

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3333--3339

We describe a morphological analyzer for the Swahili language, written in an extension of XFST/LEXC intended for the easy declaration of morphophonological patterns and importation of lexical resources. Our analyzer was supplemented extensively with data from the Kamusi Project (kamusi.org), a user-contributed multilingual dictionary. Making use of this resource allowed us to achieve wide lexical coverage quickly, but the heterogeneous nature of user-contributed content also poses some challenges when adapting it for use in an expert system.

null

67,722

inproceedings

charton-etal-2014-improving

Improving Entity Linking using Surface Form Refinement

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1687/

Charton, Eric and Meurs, Marie-Jean and Jean-Louis, Ludovic and Gagnon, Michel

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4609--4615

In this paper, we present an algorithm for improving named entity resolution and entity linking by using surface form generation and rewriting. Surface forms consist of a word or a group of words that matches lexical units like Paris or New York City. Used as matching sequences to select candidate entries in a knowledge base, they contribute to the disambiguation of those candidates through similarity measures. In this context, misspelled textual sequences (entities) can be impossible to identify due to the lack of available matching surface forms. To address this problem, we propose an algorithm for surface form refinement based on Wikipedia resources. The approach extends the surface form coverage of our entity linking system, and rewrites or reformulates misspelled mentions (entities) prior to starting the annotation process. The algorithm is evaluated on the corpus associated with the monolingual English entity linking task of NIST KBP 2013. We show that the algorithm improves the entity linking system performance.

null

67,723

inproceedings

arranz-etal-2014-elras

{ELRA}`s Consolidated Services for the {HLT} Community

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1688/

Arranz, Victoria and Choukri, Khalid and Mapelli, Val{\'e}rie and Mazo, H{\'e}l{\`e}ne

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1511--1516

This paper emphasises on ELRAs contribution to the HLT field thanks to the consolidation of its services since LREC 2012. Among the most recent contributions is the establishment of the International Standard Language Resource Number (ISLRN), with the creation and exploitation of an associated web portal to enable the procurement of unique identifiers for Language Resources. Interoperability, consolidation and synchronization remain also a strong focus in ELRAs cataloguing work, in particular with ELRAs involvement in the META-SHARE project, whose platform is to become ELRAs next instrument of sharing LRs. Since last LREC, ELRA has continued its action to offer free LRs to the research community. Cooperation is another watchword within ELRAs activities on multiple aspects: 1) at the legal level, ELRA is supporting the EC in identifying the gaps to be fulfilled to reach harmonized copyright regulations for the HLT community in Europe; 2) at the production level, ELRA is participating in several international projects, in the field of LR production and evaluation of technologies; 3) at the communication level, ELRA has organised the NLP12 meeting with the aim of boosting co-operation and strengthening the bridges between various communities.

null

67,724

inproceedings

kawahara-palmer-2014-single

Single Classifier Approach for Verb Sense Disambiguation based on Generalized Features

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1689/

Kawahara, Daisuke and Palmer, Martha

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

4210--4213

We present a supervised method for verb sense disambiguation based on VerbNet. Most previous supervised approaches to verb sense disambiguation create a classifier for each verb that reaches a frequency threshold. These methods, however, have a significant practical problem that they cannot be applied to rare or unseen verbs. In order to overcome this problem, we create a single classifier to be applied to rare or unseen verbs in a new text. This single classifier also exploits generalized semantic features of a verb and its modifiers in order to better deal with rare or unseen verbs. Our experimental results show that the proposed method achieves equivalent performance to per-verb classifiers, which cannot be applied to unseen verbs. Our classifier could be utilized to improve the classifications in lexical resources of verbs, such as VerbNet, in a semi-automatic manner and to possibly extend the coverage of these resources to new verbs.

null

67,725

inproceedings

amaro-2014-extracting

Extracting semantic relations from {P}ortuguese corpora using lexical-syntactic patterns

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1690/

Amaro, Raquel

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3001--3005

The growing investment on automatic extraction procedures, together with the need for extensive resources, makes semi-automatic construction a new viable and efficient strategy for developing of language resources, combining accuracy, size, coverage and applicability. These assumptions motivated the work depicted in this paper, aiming at the establishment and use of lexical-syntactic patterns for extracting semantic relations for Portuguese from corpora, part of a larger ongoing project for the semi-automatic extension of WordNet.PT. 26 lexical-syntactic patterns were established, covering hypernymy/hyponymy and holonymy/meronymy relations between nominal items, and over 34 000 contexts were manually analyzed to evaluate the productivity of each pattern. The set of patterns and respective examples are given, as well as data concerning the extraction of relations - right hits, wrong hits and related hits-, and the total of occurrences of each pattern in CPRC. Although language-dependent, and thus clearly of obvious interest for the development of lexical resources for Portuguese, the results depicted in this paper are also expected to be helpful as a basis for the establishment of patterns for related languages such as Spanish, Catalan, French or Italian.

null

67,726

inproceedings

ostankov-etal-2014-linkedhealthanswers

{L}inked{H}ealth{A}nswers: Towards Linked Data-driven Question Answering for the Health Care Domain

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1691/

Ostankov, Artem and R{\"ohrbein, Florian and Waltinger, Ulli

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2613--2620

This paper presents Linked Health Answers, a natural language question answering systems that utilizes health data drawn from the Linked Data Cloud. The contributions of this paper are three-fold: Firstly, we review existing state-of-the-art NLP platforms and components, with a special focus on components that allow or support an automatic SPARQL construction. Secondly, we present the implemented architecture of the Linked Health Answers systems. Thirdly, we propose an statistical bootstrap approach for the identification and disambiguation of RDF-based predicates using a machine learning-based classifier. The evaluation focuses on predicate detection in sentence statements, as well as within the scenario of natural language questions.

null

67,727

inproceedings

jurgens-2014-analysis

An analysis of ambiguity in word sense annotations

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1692/

Jurgens, David

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3006--3012

Word sense annotation is a challenging task where annotators distinguish which meaning of a word is present in a given context. In some contexts, a word usage may elicit multiple interpretations, resulting either in annotators disagreeing or in allowing the usage to be annotated with multiple senses. While some works have allowed the latter, the extent to which multiple sense annotations are needed has not been assessed. The present work analyzes a dataset of instances annotated with multiple WordNet senses to assess the causes of the multiple interpretations and their relative frequencies, along with the effect of the multiple senses on the contextual interpretation. We show that contextual underspecification is the primary cause of multiple interpretations but that syllepsis still accounts for more than a third of the cases. In addition, we show that sense coarsening can only partially remove the need for labeling instances with multiple senses and we provide suggestions for how future sense annotation guidelines might be developed to account for this need.

null

67,728

inproceedings

alfano-etal-2014-volip

{VOLIP}: a corpus of spoken {I}talian and a virtuous example of reuse of linguistic resources

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1693/

Alfano, Iolanda and Cutugno, Francesco and De Rosa, Aurelio and Iacobini, Claudio and Savy, Renata and Voghera, Miriam

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3897--3901

The corpus VoLIP (The Voice of LIP) is an Italian speech resource which associates the audio signals to the orthographic transcriptions of the LIP Corpus. The LIP Corpus was designed to represent diaphasic, diatopic and diamesic variation. The Corpus was collected in the early 90s to compile a frequency lexicon of spoken Italian and its size was tailored to produce a reliable frequency lexicon for the first 3,000 lemmas. Therefore, it consists of about 500,000 word tokens for 60 hours of recording. The speech materials belong to five different text registers and they were collected in four different cities. Thanks to a modern technological approach VoLIP web service allows users to search the LIP corpus using IMDI metadata, lexical or morpho-syntactic entry keys, receiving as result the audio portions aligned to the corresponding required entry. The VoLIP corpus is freely available at the URL \url{http://www.parlaritaliano.it}.

null

67,729

inproceedings

escartin-2014-chasing

Chasing the Perfect Splitter: A Comparison of Different Compound Splitting Tools

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1694/

Escart{\'i}n, Carla Parra

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3340--3347

This paper reports on the evaluation of two compound splitters for German. Compounding is a very frequent phenomenon in German and thus efficient ways of detecting and correctly splitting compound words are needed for natural language processing applications. This paper presents different strategies for compound splitting, focusing on German. Four compound splitters for German are presented. Two of them were used in Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) experiments, obtaining very similar qualitative scores in terms of BLEU and TER and therefore a thorough evaluation of both has been carried out.

null

67,730

inproceedings

hashemi-hwa-2014-comparison

A Comparison of {MT} Errors and {ESL} Errors

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1695/

Hashemi, Homa B. and Hwa, Rebecca

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2696--2700

Generating fluent and grammatical sentences is a major goal for both Machine Translation (MT) and second-language Grammar Error Correction (GEC), but there have not been a lot of cross-fertilization between the two research communities. Arguably, an automatic translate-to-English system might be seen as an English as a Second Language (ESL) writer whose native language is the source language. This paper investigates whether research findings from the GEC community may help with characterizing MT error analysis. We describe a method for the automatic classification of MT errors according to English as a Second Language (ESL) error categories and conduct a large comparison experiment that includes both high-performing and low-performing translate-to-English MT systems for several source languages. Comparing the distribution of MT error types for all the systems suggests that MT systems have fairly similar distributions regardless of their source languages, and the high-performing MT systems have error distributions that are more similar to those of the low-performing MT systems than to those of ESL learners with the same L1.

null

67,731

inproceedings

martin-2014-new

New functions for a multipurpose multimodal tool for phonetic and linguistic analysis of very large speech corpora

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1696/

Martin, Philippe

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

3628--3632

The increased interest for linguistic analysis of spontaneous (i.e. non-prepared) speech from various points of view (semantic, syntactic, morphologic, phonologic and intonative) lead to the development of ever more sophisticated dedicated tools. Although the software Praat emerged as the de facto standard for the analysis of spoken data, its use for intonation studies is often felt as not optimal, notably for its limited capabilities in fundamental frequency tracking. This paper presents some of the recently implemented features of the software WinPitch, developed with the analysis of spontaneous speech in mind (and notably for the C-ORAL-ROM project 10 years ago). Among many features, WinPitch includes a set of multiple pitch tracking algorithms aimed to obtain reliable pitch curves in adverse recording conditions (echo, filtering, poor signal to noise ratio, etc.). Others functions of WinPitch incorporate an integrated concordancer, an on the fly text-sound aligner, and routines for EEG analysis.

null

67,732

inproceedings

buitelaar-etal-2014-hot

Hot Topics and Schisms in {NLP}: Community and Trend Analysis with Saffron on {ACL} and {LREC} Proceedings

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1697/

Buitelaar, Paul and Bordea, Georgeta and Coughlan, Barry

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2083--2088

In this paper we present a comparative analysis of two series of conferences in the field of Computational Linguistics, the LREC conference and the ACL conference. Conference proceedings were analysed using Saffron by performing term extraction and topical hierarchy construction with the goal of analysing topic trends and research communities. The system aims to provide insight into a research community and to guide publication and participation strategies, especially of novice researchers.

null

67,733

inproceedings

irvine-etal-2014-american

The {A}merican Local News Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1698/

Irvine, Ann and Langfus, Joshua and Callison-Burch, Chris

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

1305--1308

We present the American Local News Corpus (ALNC), containing over 4 billion words of text from 2,652 online newspapers in the United States. Each article in the corpus is associated with a timestamp, state, and city. All 50 U.S. states and 1,924 cities are represented. We detail our method for taking daily snapshots of thousands of local and national newspapers and present two example corpus analyses. The first explores how different sports are talked about over time and geography. The second compares per capita murder rates with news coverage of murders across the 50 states. The ALNC is about the same size as the Gigaword corpus and is growing continuously. Version 1.0 is available for research use.

null

67,734

inproceedings

rosa-etal-2014-hamledt

{H}amle{DT} 2.0: Thirty Dependency Treebanks Stanfordized

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1699/

Rosa, Rudolf and Ma{\v{s}}ek, Jan and Mare{\v{c}}ek, David and Popel, Martin and Zeman, Daniel and {\v{Z}}abokrtsk{\'y}, Zden{\v{e}}k

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

2334--2341

We present HamleDT 2.0 (HArmonized Multi-LanguagE Dependency Treebank). HamleDT 2.0 is a collection of 30 existing treebanks harmonized into a common annotation style, the Prague Dependencies, and further transformed into Stanford Dependencies, a treebank annotation style that became popular in recent years. We use the newest basic Universal Stanford Dependencies, without added language-specific subtypes. We describe both of the annotation styles, including adjustments that were necessary to make, and provide details about the conversion process. We also discuss the differences between the two styles, evaluating their advantages and disadvantages, and note the effects of the differences on the conversion. We regard the stanfordization as generally successful, although we admit several shortcomings, especially in the distinction between direct and indirect objects, that have to be addressed in future. We release part of HamleDT 2.0 freely; we are not allowed to redistribute the whole dataset, but we do provide the conversion pipeline.

null

67,735

inproceedings

wang-bond-2014-building

Building The Sense-Tagged Multilingual Parallel Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1700/

Wang, Shan and Bond, Francis

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

null

Sense-annotated parallel corpora play a crucial role in natural language processing. This paper introduces our progress in creating such a corpus for Asian languages using English as a pivot, which is the first such corpus for these languages. Two sets of tools have been developed for sequential and targeted tagging, which are also easy to set up for any new language in addition to those we are annotating. This paper also briefly presents the general guidelines for doing this project. The current results of monolingual sense-tagging and multilingual linking are illustrated, which indicate the differences among genres and language pairs. All the tools, guidelines and the manually annotated corpus will be freely available at compling.ntu.edu.sg/ntumc.

null

67,736

inproceedings

garcia-gamallo-2014-multilingual

Multilingual corpora with coreferential annotation of person entities

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1701/

Garcia, Marcos and Gamallo, Pablo

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

null

This paper presents three corpora with coreferential annotation of person entities for Portuguese, Galician and Spanish. They contain coreference links between several types of pronouns (including elliptical, possessive, indefinite, demonstrative, relative and personal clitic and non-clitic pronouns) and nominal phrases (including proper nouns). Some statistics have been computed, showing distributional aspects of coreference both in journalistic and in encyclopedic texts. Furthermore, the paper shows the importance of coreference resolution for a task such as Information Extraction, by evaluating the output of an Open Information Extraction system on the annotated corpora. The corpora are freely distributed in two formats: (i) the SemEval-2010 and (ii) the brat rapid annotation tool, so they can be enlarged and improved collaboratively.

null

67,737

inproceedings

abdul-mageed-diab-2014-sana

{SANA}: A Large Scale Multi-Genre, Multi-Dialect Lexicon for {A}rabic Subjectivity and Sentiment Analysis

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1702/

Abdul-Mageed, Muhammad and Diab, Mona

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

null

The computational treatment of subjectivity and sentiment in natural language is usually significantly improved by applying features exploiting lexical resources where entries are tagged with semantic orientation (e.g., positive, negative values). In spite of the fair amount of work on Arabic sentiment analysis over the past few years (e.g., (Abbasi et al., 2008; Abdul-Mageed et al., 2014; Abdul-Mageed et al., 2012; Abdul-Mageed and Diab, 2012a; Abdul-Mageed and Diab, 2012b; Abdul-Mageed et al., 2011a; Abdul-Mageed and Diab, 2011)), the language remains under-resourced as to these polarity repositories compared to the English language. In this paper, we report efforts to build and present SANA, a large-scale, multi-genre, multi-dialect multi-lingual lexicon for the subjectivity and sentiment analysis of the Arabic language and dialects.

null

67,738

inproceedings

zadeh-handschuh-2014-evaluation

Evaluation of Technology Term Recognition with Random Indexing

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1703/

Zadeh, Behrang and Handschuh, Siegfried

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

null

In this paper, we propose a method that combines the principles of automatic term recognition and the distributional hypothesis to identify technology terms from a corpus of scientific publications. We employ the random indexing technique to model terms' surrounding words, which we call the context window, in a vector space at reduced dimension. The constructed vector space and a set of reference vectors, which represents manually annotated technology terms, in a k-nearest-neighbour voting classification scheme are used for term classification. In this paper, we examine a number of parameters that influence the obtained results. First, we inspect several context configurations, i.e. the effect of the context window size, the direction in which co-occurrence counts are collected, and information about the order of words within the context windows. Second, in the k-nearest-neighbour voting scheme, we study the role that neighbourhood size selection plays, i.e. the value of k. The obtained results are similar to word space models. The performed experiments suggest the best performing context are small (i.e. not wider than 3 words), are extended in both directions and encode the word order information. Moreover, the accomplished experiments suggest that the obtained results, to a great extent, are independent of the value of k.

null

67,739

inproceedings

bott-schulte-im-walde-2014-optimizing

Optimizing a Distributional Semantic Model for the Prediction of {G}erman Particle Verb Compositionality

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1704/

Bott, Stefan and Schulte im Walde, Sabine

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

null

In the work presented here we assess the degree of compositionality of German Particle Verbs with a Distributional Semantics Model which only relies on word window information and has no access to syntactic information as such. Our method only takes the lexical distributional distance between the Particle Verb to its Base Verb as a predictor for compositionality. We show that the ranking of distributional similarity correlates significantly with the ranking of human judgements on semantic compositionality for a series of Particle Verbs and the Base Verbs they are derived from. We also investigate the influence of further linguistic factors, such as the ambiguity and the overall frequency of the verbs and a syntactically separate occurrences of verbs and particles that causes difficulties for the correct lemmatization of Particle Verbs. We analyse in how far these factors may influence the success with which the compositionality of the Particle Verbs may be predicted.

null

67,740

inproceedings

dey-fung-2014-hindi

A {H}indi-{E}nglish Code-Switching Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1705/

Dey, Anik and Fung, Pascale

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

null

The aim of this paper is to investigate the rules and constraints of code-switching (CS) in Hindi-English mixed language data. In this paper, well discuss how we collected the mixed language corpus. This corpus is primarily made up of student interview speech. The speech was manually transcribed and verified by bilingual speakers of Hindi and English. The code-switching cases in the corpus are discussed and the reasons for code-switching are explained.

null

67,741

inproceedings

ide-etal-2014-language

The Language Application Grid

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1706/

Ide, Nancy and Pustejovsky, James and Cieri, Christopher and Nyberg, Eric and Wang, Di and Suderman, Keith and Verhagen, Marc and Wright, Jonathan

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

null

The Language Application (LAPPS) Grid project is establishing a framework that enables language service discovery, composition, and reuse and promotes sustainability, manageability, usability, and interoperability of natural language Processing (NLP) components. It is based on the service-oriented architecture (SOA), a more recent, web-oriented version of the pipeline architecture that has long been used in NLP for sequencing loosely-coupled linguistic analyses. The LAPPS Grid provides access to basic NLP processing tools and resources and enables pipelining such tools to create custom NLP applications, as well as composite services such as question answering and machine translation together with language resources such as mono- and multi-lingual corpora and lexicons that support NLP. The transformative aspect of the LAPPS Grid is that it orchestrates access to and deployment of language resources and processing functions available from servers around the globe and enables users to add their own language resources, services, and even service grids to satisfy their particular needs.

null

67,742

inproceedings

christodoulides-etal-2014-dismo

{D}is{M}o: A Morphosyntactic, Disfluency and Multi-Word Unit Annotator. An Evaluation on a Corpus of {F}rench Spontaneous and Read Speech

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1707/

Christodoulides, George and Avanzi, Mathieu and Goldman, Jean-Philippe

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

null

We present DisMo, a multi-level annotator for spoken language corpora that integrates part-of-speech tagging with basic disfluency detection and annotation, and multi-word unit recognition. DisMo is a hybrid system that uses a combination of lexical resources, rules, and statistical models based on Conditional Random Fields (CRF). In this paper, we present the first public version of DisMo for French. The system is trained and its performance evaluated on a 57k-token corpus, including different varieties of French spoken in three countries (Belgium, France and Switzerland). DisMo supports a multi-level annotation scheme, in which the tokenisation to minimal word units is complemented with multi-word unit groupings (each having associated POS tags), as well as separate levels for annotating disfluencies and discourse phenomena. We present the systems architecture, linguistic resources and its hierarchical tag-set. Results show that DisMo achieves a precision of 95{\%} (finest tag-set) to 96.8{\%} (coarse tag-set) in POS-tagging non-punctuated, sound-aligned transcriptions of spoken French, while also offering substantial possibilities for automated multi-level annotation.

null

67,743

inproceedings

xuan-etal-2014-integration

Integration of Workflow and Pipeline for Language Service Composition

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1708/

Xuan, Trang Mai and Murakami, Yohei and Lin, Donghui and Ishida, Toru

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

null

Integrating language resources and language services is a critical part of building natural language processing applications. Service workflow and processing pipeline are two approaches for sharing and combining language resources. Workflow languages focus on expressive power of the languages to describe variety of workflow patterns to meet users' needs. Users can combine those language services in service workflows to meet their requirements. The workflows can be accessible in distributed manner and can be invoked independently of the platforms. However, workflow languages lack of pipelined execution support to improve performance of workflows. Whereas, the processing pipeline provides a straightforward way to create a sequence of linguistic processing to analyze large amounts of text data. It focuses on using pipelined execution and parallel execution to improve throughput of pipelines. However, the resulting pipelines are standalone applications, i.e., software tools that are accessible only via local machine and that can only be run with the processing pipeline platforms. In this paper we propose an integration framework of the two approaches so that each offests the disadvantages of the other. We then present a case study wherein two representative frameworks, the Language Grid and UIMA, are integrated.

null

67,744

inproceedings

peshkov-prevot-2014-segmentation

Segmentation evaluation metrics, a comparison grounded on prosodic and discourse units

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1709/

Peshkov, Klim and Pr{\'e}vot, Laurent

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

null

Knowledge on evaluation metrics and best practices of using them have improved fast in the recent years Fort et al. (2012). However, the advances concern mostly evaluation of classification related tasks. Segmentation tasks have received less attention. Nevertheless, there are crucial in a large number of linguistic studies. A range of metrics is available (F-score on boundaries, F-score on units, WindowDiff ((WD), Boundary Similarity (BS) but it is still relatively difficult to interpret these metrics on various linguistic segmentation tasks, such as prosodic and discourse segmentation. In this paper, we consider real segmented datasets (introduced in Peshkov et al. (2012)) as references which we deteriorate in different ways (random addition of boundaries, random removal boundaries, near-miss errors introduction). This provide us with various measures on controlled datasets and with an interesting benchmark for various linguistic segmentation tasks.

null

67,745

inproceedings

abel-etal-2014-koko

{K}o{K}o: an {L}1 Learner Corpus for {G}erman

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1710/

Abel, Andrea and Glaznieks, Aivars and Nicolas, Lionel and Stemle, Egon

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

null

We introduce the KoKo corpus, a collection of German L1 learner texts annotated with learner errors, along with the methods and tools used in its construction and evaluation. The corpus contains both texts and corresponding survey information from 1,319 pupils and amounts to around 716,000 tokens. The evaluation of the performed transcriptions and annotations shows an accuracy of orthographic error annotations of approximately 80{\%} as well as high accuracies of transcriptions ({\ensuremath{>}}99{\%}), automatic tokenisation ({\ensuremath{>}}99{\%}), sentence splitting ({\ensuremath{>}}96{\%}) and POS-tagging ({\ensuremath{>}}94{\%}). The KoKo corpus will be published at the end of 2014. It will be the first accessible linguistically annotated German L1 learner corpus and a valuable source for research on L1 learner language as well as for teachers of German as L1, in particular with regards to writing skills.

null

67,746

inproceedings

barancikova-etal-2014-improving

Improving Evaluation of {E}nglish-{C}zech {MT} through Paraphrasing

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Loftsson, Hrafn and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2014

Reykjavik, Iceland

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L14-1711/

Baran{\v{c}}{\'i}kov{\'a}, Petra and Rosa, Rudolf and Tamchyna, Ale{\v{s}}

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`14)

null

In this paper, we present a method of improving the accuracy of machine translation evaluation of Czech sentences. Given a reference sentence, our algorithm transforms it by targeted paraphrasing into a new synthetic reference sentence that is closer in wording to the machine translation output, but at the same time preserves the meaning of the original reference sentence. Grammatical correctness of the new reference sentence is provided by applying Depfix on newly created paraphrases. Depfix is a system for post-editing English-to-Czech machine translation outputs. We adjusted it to fix the errors in paraphrased sentences. Due to a noisy source of our paraphrases, we experiment with adding word alignment. However, the alignment reduces the number of paraphrases found and the best results were achieved by a simple greedy method with only one-word paraphrases thanks to their intensive filtering. BLEU scores computed using these new reference sentences show significantly higher correlation with human judgment than scores computed on the original reference sentences.

null

67,747