polygraf-ai/ACL-abstracts · Datasets at Hugging Face

inproceedings

zhang-etal-2012-joint

Joint Grammar and Treebank Development for {M}andarin {C}hinese with {HPSG}

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1167/

Zhang, Yi and Wang, Rui and Chen, Yu

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1868--1873

We present the ongoing development of MCG, a linguistically deep and precise grammar for Mandarin Chinese together with its accompanying treebank, both based on the linguistic framework of HPSG, and using MRS as the semantic representation. We highlight some key features of our grammar design, and review a number of challenging phenomena, with comparisons to alternative linguistic treatments and implementations. One of the distinguishing characteristics of our approach is the tight integration of grammar and treebank development. The two-step treebank annotation procedure benefits from the efficiency of the discriminant-based annotation approach, while giving the annotators full freedom of producing extra-grammatical structures. This not only allows the creation of a precise and full-coverage treebank with an imperfect grammar, but also provides prompt feedback for grammarians to identify the errors in the grammar design and implementation. Preliminary evaluation and error analysis shows that the grammar already covers most of the core phenomena for Mandarin Chinese, and the treebank annotation procedure reaches a stable speed of 35 sentences per hour with satisfying quality.

null

73,368

inproceedings

vetulani-2012-wordnet

{W}ordnet Based Lexicon Grammar for {P}olish

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1168/

Vetulani, Zygmunt

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1645--1649

In the paper we present a long-term on-going project of a lexicon-grammar of Polish. It is based on our former research focusing mainly on morphological dictionaries, text understanding and related tools. By Lexicon Grammars we mean grammatical formalisms which are based on the idea that sentence is the fundamental unit of meaning and that grammatical information should be closely related to words. Organization of the grammatical knowledge into a lexicon results in a powerful NLP tool, particularly well suited to support heuristic parsing. The project is inspired by the achievements of Maurice Gross, Kazimierz Polanski and George Miller. We present the actual state of the project of a wordnet-like lexical network PolNet with particular emphasis on its verbal component, now being converted into the kernel of a lexicon grammar for Polish. We present various aspects of PolNet development and validation within the POLINT-112-SMS project. The reader is precisely informed on the current stage of the project.

null

73,369

inproceedings

rios-gohring-2012-tree

A tree is a {B}aum is an {\'a}rbol is a sach`a: Creating a trilingual treebank

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1169/

Rios, Annette and G{\"ohring, Anne

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1874--1879

This paper describes the process of constructing a trilingual parallel treebank. While for two of the involved languages, Spanish and German, there are already corpora with well-established annotation schemes available, this is not the case with the third language: Cuzco Quechua (ISO 639-3:quz), a low-resourced, non-standardized language for which we had to define a linguistically plausible annotation scheme first.

null

73,370

inproceedings

zablotskaya-etal-2012-investigating

Investigating Verbal Intelligence Using the {TF}-{IDF} Approach

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1170/

Zablotskaya, Kseniya and Mart{\'i}nez, Fernando Fern{\'a}ndez and Minker, Wolfgang

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1573--1576

In this paper we investigated differences in language use of speakers yielding different verbal intelligence when they describe the same event. The work is based on a corpus containing descriptions of a short film and verbal intelligence scores of the speakers. For analyzing the monologues and the film transcript, the number of reused words, lemmas, n-grams, cosine similarity and other features were calculated and compared to each other for different verbal intelligence groups. The results showed that the similarity of monologues of higher verbal intelligence speakers was greater than of lower and average verbal intelligence participants. A possible explanation of this phenomenon is that candidates yielding higher verbal intelligence have a good short-term memory. In this paper we also checked a hypothesis that differences in vocabulary of speakers yielding different verbal intelligence are sufficient enough for good classification results. For proving this hypothesis, the Nearest Neighbor classifier was trained using TF-IDF vocabulary measures. The maximum achieved accuracy was 92.86{\%}.

null

73,371

inproceedings

zablotskaya-etal-2012-relating

Relating Dominance of Dialogue Participants with their Verbal Intelligence Scores

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1171/

Zablotskaya, Kseniya and Rahim, Umair and Mart{\'i}nez, Fernando Fern{\'a}ndez and Minker, Wolfgang

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1289--1292

In this work we investigated whether there is a relationship between dominant behaviour of dialogue participants and their verbal intelligence. The analysis is based on a corpus containing 56 dialogues and verbal intelligence scores of the test persons. All the dialogues were divided into three groups: H-H is a group of dialogues between higher verbal intelligence participants, L-L is a group of dialogues between lower verbal intelligence participant and L-H is a group of all the other dialogues. The dominance scores of the dialogue partners from each group were analysed. The analysis showed that differences between dominance scores and verbal intelligence coefficients for L-L were positively correlated. Verbal intelligence scores of the test persons were compared to other features that may reflect dominant behaviour. The analysis showed that number of interruptions, long utterances, times grabbed the floor, influence diffusion model, number of agreements and several acoustic features may be related to verbal intelligence. These features were used for the automatic classification of the dialogue partners into two groups (lower and higher verbal intelligence participants); the achieved accuracy was 89.36{\%}.

null

73,372

inproceedings

stajner-mitkov-2012-diachronic

Diachronic Changes in Text Complexity in 20th Century {E}nglish Language: An {NLP} Approach

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1172/

{\v{S}}tajner, Sanja and Mitkov, Ruslan

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1577--1584

A syntactically complex text may represent a problem for both comprehension by humans and various NLP tasks. A large number of studies in text simplification are concerned with this problem and their aim is to transform the given text into a simplified form in order to make it accessible to the wider audience. In this study, we were investigating what the natural tendency of texts is in 20th century English language. Are they becoming syntactically more complex over the years, requiring a higher literacy level and greater effort from the readers, or are they becoming simpler and easier to read? We examined several factors of text complexity (average sentence length, Automated Readability Index, sentence complexity and passive voice) in the 20th century for two main English language varieties - British and American, using the `Brown family' of corpora. In British English, we compared the complexity of texts published in 1931, 1961 and 1991, while in American English we compared the complexity of texts published in 1961 and 1992. Furthermore, we demonstrated how the state-of-the-art NLP tools can be used for automatic extraction of some complex features from the raw text version of the corpora.

null

73,373

inproceedings

costa-etal-2012-english

An {E}nglish-{P}ortuguese parallel corpus of questions: translation guidelines and application in {SMT}

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1173/

Costa, {\^A}ngela and Lu{\'i}s, Tiago and Ribeiro, Joana and Mendes, Ana Cristina and Coheur, Lu{\'i}sa

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2172--2176

The task of Statistical Machine Translation depends on large amounts of training corpora. Despite the availability of several parallel corpora, these are typically composed of declarative sentences, which may not be appropriate when the goal is to translate other types of sentences, e.g., interrogatives. There have been efforts to create corpora of questions, specially in the context of the evaluation of Question-Answering systems. One of those corpora is the UIUC dataset, composed of nearly 6,000 questions, widely used in the task of Question Classification. In this work, we make available the Portuguese version of the UIUC dataset, which we manually translated, as well as the translation guidelines. We show the impact of this corpus in the performance of a state-of-the-art SMT system when translating questions. Finally, we present a taxonomy of translation errors, according to which we analyze the output of the automatic translation before and after using the corpus as training data.

null

73,374

inproceedings

henrichsen-uneson-2012-smallworlds

{SMALLW}orlds {--} Multilingual Content-Controlled Monologues

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1174/

Henrichsen, Peter Juel and Uneson, Marcus

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

3362--3368

We present the speech corpus SMALLWorlds (Spoken Multi-lingual Accounts of Logically Limited Worlds), newly established and still growing. SMALLWorlds contains monologic descriptions of scenes or worlds which are simple enough to be formally describable. The descriptions are instances of content-controlled monologue: semantically ''''''``pre-specified'''''''' but still bearing most hallmarks of spontaneous speech (hesitations and filled pauses, relaxed syntax, repetitions, self-corrections, incomplete constituents, irrelevant or redundant information, etc.) as well as idiosyncratic speaker traits. In the paper, we discuss the pros and cons of data so elicited. Following that, we present a typical SMALLWorlds task: the description of a simple drawing with differently coloured circles, squares, and triangles, with no hints given as to which description strategy or language style to use. We conclude with an example on how SMALLWorlds may be used: unsupervised lexical learning from phonetic transcription. At the time of writing, SMALLWorlds consists of more than 250 recordings in a wide range of typologically diverse languages from many parts of the world, some unwritten and endangered.

null

73,375

inproceedings

cinkova-etal-2012-database

A database of semantic clusters of verb usages

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1175/

Cinkov{\'a}, Silvie and Holub, Martin and Rambousek, Adam and Smejkalov{\'a}, Lenka

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

3176--3183

We are presenting VPS-30-En, a small lexical resource that contains the following 30 English verbs: access, ally, arrive, breathe, claim, cool, crush, cry, deny, enlarge, enlist, forge, furnish, hail, halt, part, plough, plug, pour, say, smash, smell, steer, submit, swell, tell, throw, trouble, wake and yield. We have created and have been using VPS-30-En to explore the interannotator agreement potential of the Corpus Pattern Analysis. VPS-30-En is a small snapshot of the Pattern Dictionary of English Verbs (Hanks and Pustejovsky, 2005), which we revised (both the entries and the annotated concordances) and enhanced with additional annotations. It is freely available at \url{http://ufal.mff.cuni.cz/spr}. In this paper, we compare the annotation scheme of VPS-30-En with the original PDEV. We also describe the adjustments we have made and their motivation, as well as the most pervasive causes of interannotator disagreements.

null

73,376

inproceedings

ahlberg-enache-2012-combining

Combining Language Resources Into A Grammar-Driven {S}wedish Parser

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1176/

Ahlberg, Malin and Enache, Ramona

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1971--1976

This paper describes work on a rule-based, open-source parser for Swedish. The central component is a wide-coverage grammar implemented in the GF formalism (Grammatical Framework), a dependently typed grammar formalism based on Martin-L{\"of type theory. GF has strong support for multilinguality and has so far been used successfully for controlled languages and recent experiments have showed that it is also possible to use the framework for parsing unrestricted language. In addition to GF, we use two other main resources: the Swedish treebank Talbanken and the electronic lexicon SALDO. By combining the grammar with a lexicon extracted from SALDO we obtain a parser accepting all sentences described by the given rules. We develop and test this on examples from Talbanken. The resulting parser gives a full syntactic analysis of the input sentences. It will be highly reusable, freely available, and as GF provides libraries for compiling grammars to a number of programming languages, chosen parts of the the grammar may be used in various NLP applications.

null

73,377

inproceedings

baran-etal-2012-annotating

Annotating dropped pronouns in {C}hinese newswire text

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1177/

Baran, Elizabeth and Yang, Yaqin and Xue, Nianwen

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2795--2799

We propose an annotation framework to explicitly identify dropped subject pronouns in Chinese. We acknowledge and specify 10 concrete pronouns that exist as words in Chinese and 4 abstract pronouns that do not correspond to Chinese words, but that are recognized conceptually, to native Chinese speakers. These abstract pronouns are identified as ''''''``unspecified'''''''', ''''''``pleonastic'''''''', ''''''``event'''''''', and ''''''``existential'''''''' and are argued to exist cross-linguistically. We trained two annotators, fluent in Chinese, and adjudicated their annotations to form a gold standard. We achieved an inter-annotator agreement kappa of .6 and an observed agreement of .7. We found that annotators had the most difficulty with the abstract pronouns, such as ''''''``unspecified'''''''' and ''''''``event'''''''', but we posit that further specification and training has the potential to significantly improve these results. We believe that this annotated data will serve to help improve Machine Translation models that translate from Chinese to a non pro-drop language, like English, that requires all subject pronouns to be explicit.

null

73,378

inproceedings

aloni-etal-2012-building

Building a Corpus of Indefinite Uses Annotated with Fine-grained Semantic Functions

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1178/

Aloni, Maria and van Cranenburgh, Andreas and Fern{\'a}ndez, Raquel and Sznajder, Marta

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1511--1515

Natural languages possess a wealth of indefinite forms that typically differ in distribution and interpretation. Although formal semanticists have strived to develop precise meaning representations for different indefinite functions, to date there has hardly been any corpus work on the topic. In this paper, we present the results of a small corpus study where English indefinite forms `any' and `some' were labelled with fine-grained semantic functions well-motivated by typological studies. We developed annotation guidelines that could be used by non-expert annotators and calculated inter-annotator agreement amongst several coders. The results show that the annotation task is hard, with agreement scores ranging from 52{\%} to 62{\%} depending on the number of functions considered, but also that each of the independent annotations is in accordance with theoretical predictions regarding the possible distributions of indefinite functions. The resulting annotated corpus is available upon request and can be accessed through a searchable online database.

null

73,379

inproceedings

gupta-etal-2012-mining

Mining {H}indi-{E}nglish Transliteration Pairs from Online {H}indi Lyrics

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1179/

Gupta, Kanika and Choudhury, Monojit and Bali, Kalika

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2459--2465

This paper describes a method to mine Hindi-English transliteration pairs from online Hindi song lyrics. The technique is based on the observations that lyrics are transliterated word-by-word, maintaining the precise word order. The mining task is nevertheless challenging because the Hindi lyrics and its transliterations are usually available from different, often unrelated, websites. Therefore, it is a non-trivial task to match the Hindi lyrics to their transliterated counterparts. Moreover, there are various types of noise in lyrics data that needs to be appropriately handled before songs can be aligned at word level. The mined data of 30823 unique Hindi-English transliteration pairs with an accuracy of more than 92{\%} is available publicly. Although the present work reports mining of Hindi-English word pairs, the same technique can be easily adapted for other languages for which song lyrics are available online in native and Roman scripts.

null

73,380

inproceedings

lhomme-pimentel-2012-capturing

Capturing syntactico-semantic regularities among terms: An application of the {F}rame{N}et methodology to terminology

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1180/

L{'}Homme, Marie-Claude and Pimentel, Janine

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

262--268

Terminological databases do not always provide detailed information on the linguistic behaviour of terms, although this is important for potential users such as translators or students. In this paper we describe a project that aims to fill this gap by proposing a method for annotating terms in sentences based on that developed within the FrameNet project (Ruppenhofer et al. 2010) and by implementing it in an online resource called DiCoInfo. We focus on the methodology we devised, and show with some preliminary results how similar actantial (i.e. argumental) structures can provide evidence for defining lexical relations in specific languages and capturing cross-linguistic equivalents. The paper argues that the syntactico-semantic annotation of the contexts in which the terms occur allows lexicographers to validate their intuitions concerning the linguistic behaviour of terms as well as interlinguistic relations between them. The syntactico-semantic annotation of contexts could, therefore, be considered a good starting point in terminology work that aims to describe the linguistic functioning of terms and offer a sounder basis to define interlinguistic relationships between terms that belong to different languages.

null

73,381

inproceedings

pighin-etal-2012-faust

The {FAUST} Corpus of Adequacy Assessments for Real-World Machine Translation Output

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1181/

Pighin, Daniele and M{\`a}rquez, Llu{\'i}s and Formiga, Llu{\'i}s

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

29--35

We present a corpus consisting of 11,292 real-world English to Spanish automatic translations annotated with relative (ranking) and absolute (adequate/non-adequate) quality assessments. The translation requests, collected through the popular translation portal \url{http://reverso.net}, provide a most variated sample of real-world machine translation (MT) usage, from complete sentences to units of one or two words, from well-formed to hardly intelligible texts, from technical documents to colloquial and slang snippets. In this paper, we present 1) a preliminary annotation experiment that we carried out to select the most appropriate quality criterion to be used for these data, 2) a graph-based methodology inspired by Interactive Genetic Algorithms to reduce the annotation effort, and 3) the outcomes of the full-scale annotation experiment, which result in a valuable and original resource for the analysis and characterization of MT-output quality.

null

73,382

inproceedings

bethard-etal-2012-annotating

Annotating Story Timelines as Temporal Dependency Structures

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1182/

Bethard, Steven and Kolomiyets, Oleksandr and Moens, Marie-Francine

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2721--2726

We present an approach to annotating timelines in stories where events are linked together by temporal relations into a temporal dependency tree. This approach avoids the disconnected timeline problems of prior work, and results in timelines that are more suitable for temporal reasoning. We show that annotating timelines as temporal dependency trees is possible with high levels of inter-annotator agreement - Krippendorff`s Alpha of 0.822 on selecting event pairs, and of 0.700 on selecting temporal relation labels - even with the moderately sized relation set of BEFORE, AFTER, INCLUDES, IS-INCLUDED, IDENTITY and OVERLAP. We also compare several annotation schemes for identifying story events, and show that higher inter-annotator agreement can be reached by focusing on only the events that are essential to forming the timeline, skipping words in negated contexts, modal contexts and quoted speech.

null

73,383

inproceedings

seinturier-etal-2012-ontological

An ontological approach to model and query multimodal concurrent linguistic annotations

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1183/

Seinturier, Julien and Murisasco, Elisabeth and Bruno, Emmanuel and Blache, Philippe

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2602--2605

This paper focuses on the representation and querying of knowledge-based multimodal data. This work stands in the OTIM project which aims at processing multimodal annotation of a large conversational French speech corpus. Within OTIM, we aim at providing linguists with a unique framework to encode and manipulate numerous linguistic domains (from prosody to gesture). Linguists commonly use Typed Feature Structures (TFS) to provide an uniform view of multimodal annotations but such a representation cannot be used within an applicative framework. Moreover TFS expressibility is limited to hierarchical and constituency relations and does not suit to any linguistic domain that needs for example to represent temporal relations. To overcome these limits, we propose an ontological approach based on Description logics (DL) for the description of linguistic knowledge and we provide an applicative framework based on OWL DL (Ontology Web Language) and the query language SPARQL.

null

73,384

inproceedings

branco-etal-2012-propbank

A {P}rop{B}ank for {P}ortuguese: the {CINTIL}-{P}rop{B}ank

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1184/

Branco, Ant{\'o}nio and Carvalheiro, Catarina and Pereira, S{\'i}lvia and Silveira, Sara and Silva, Jo{\~a}o and Castro, S{\'e}rgio and Gra{\c{c}}a, Jo{\~a}o

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1516--1521

With the CINTIL-International Corpus of Portuguese, an ongoing corpus annotated with fully flegded grammatical representation, sentences get not only a high level of lexical, morphological and syntactic annotation but also a semantic analysis that prepares the data to a manual specification step and thus opens the way for a number of tools and resources for which there is a great research focus at the present. This paper reports on the construction of a propbank that builds on CINTIL-DeepGramBank, with nearly 10 thousand sentences, on the basis of a deep linguistic grammar and on the process and the linguistic criteria guiding that construction, which makes possible to obtain a complete PropBank with both syntactic and semantic levels of linguistic annotation. Taking into account this and the promising scores presented in this study for inter-annotator agreement, CINTIL-PropBank presents itself as a great resource to train a semantic role labeller, one of our goals with this project.

null

73,385

inproceedings

cuadros-etal-2012-highlighting

Highlighting relevant concepts from Topic Signatures

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1185/

Cuadros, Montse and Padr{\'o}, Llu{\'i}s and Rigau, German

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

3841--3848

This paper presents deepKnowNet, a new fully automatic method for building highly dense and accurate knowledge bases from existing semantic resources. Basically, the method applies a knowledge-based Word Sense Disambiguation algorithm to assign the most appropriate WordNet sense to large sets of topically related words acquired from the web, named TSWEB. This Word Sense Disambiguation algorithm is the personalized PageRank algorithm implemented in UKB. This new method improves by automatic means the current content of WordNet by creating large volumes of new and accurate semantic relations between synsets. KnowNet was our first attempt towards the acquisition of large volumes of semantic relations. However, KnowNet had some limitations that have been overcomed with deepKnowNet. deepKnowNet disambiguates the first hundred words of all Topic Signatures from the web (TSWEB). In this case, the method highlights the most relevant word senses of each Topic Signature and filter out the ones that are not so related to the topic. In fact, the knowledge it contains outperforms any other resource when is empirically evaluated in a common framework based on a similarity task annotated with human judgements.

null

73,386

inproceedings

stankovic-etal-2012-tool

A tool for enhanced search of multilingual digital libraries of e-journals

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1186/

Stankovi{\'c}, Ranka and Krstev, Cvetana and Obradovi{\'c}, Ivan and Trtovac, Aleksandra and Utvi{\'c}, Milo{\v{s}}

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1710--1717

This paper outlines the main features of Bibli{\v{s}}a, a tool that offers various possibilities of enhancing queries submitted to large collections of TMX documents generated from aligned parallel articles residing in multilingual digital libraries of e-journals. The queries initiated by a simple or multiword keyword, in Serbian or English, can be expanded by Bibli{\v{s}}a, both semantically and morphologically, using different supporting monolingual and multilingual resources, such as wordnets and electronic dictionaries. The tool operates within a complex system composed of several modules including a web application, which makes it readily accessible on the web. Its functionality has been tested on a collection of 44 TMX documents generated from articles published bilingually by the journal INFOtecha, yielding encouraging results. Further enhancements of the tool are underway, with the aim of transforming it from a powerful full-text and metadata search tool, to a useful translator`s aid, which could be of assistance both in reviewing terminology used in context and in refining the multilingual resources used within the system.

null

73,387

inproceedings

fialho-etal-2012-extending

Extending a wordnet framework for simplicity and scalability

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1187/

Fialho, Pedro and Curto, S{\'e}rgio and Mendes, Ana Cristina and Coheur, Lu{\'i}sa

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

3701--3705

The WordNet knowledge model is currently implemented in multiple software frameworks providing procedural access to language instances of it. Frameworks tend to be focused on structural/design aspects of the model thus describing low level interfaces for linguistic knowledge retrieval. Typically the only high level feature directly accessible is word lookup while traversal of semantic relations leads to verbose/complex combinations of data structures, pointers and indexes which are irrelevant in an NLP context. Here is described an extension to the JWNL framework that hides technical requirements of access to WordNet features with an essentially word/sense based API applying terminology from the official online interface. This high level API is applied to the original English version of WordNet and to an SQL based Portuguese lexicon, translated into a WordNet based representation usable by JWNL.

null

73,388

inproceedings

fornaciari-poesio-2012-decour

{D}e{C}our: a corpus of {DE}ceptive statements in {I}talian {COUR}ts

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1188/

Fornaciari, Tommaso and Poesio, Massimo

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1585--1590

In criminal proceedings, sometimes it is not easy to evaluate the sincerity of oral testimonies. DECOUR - DEception in COURt corpus - has been built with the aim of training models suitable to discriminate, from a stylometric point of view, between sincere and deceptive statements. DECOUR is a collection of hearings held in four Italian Courts, in which the speakers lie in front of the judge. These hearings become the object of a specific criminal proceeding for calumny or false testimony, in which the deceptiveness of the statements of the defendant is ascertained. Thanks to the final Court judgment, that points out which lies are told, each utterance of the corpus has been annotated as true, uncertain or false, according to its degree of truthfulness. Since the judgment of deceptiveness follows a judicial inquiry, the annotation has been realized with a greater degree of confidence than ever before. Moreover, in Italy this is the first corpus of deceptive texts not relying on mock' lies created in laboratory conditions, but which has been collected in a natural environment.

null

73,389

inproceedings

lynn-etal-2012-irish

{I}rish Treebanking and Parsing: A Preliminary Evaluation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1189/

Lynn, Teresa and {\c{Cetino{\u{glu, {\"Ozlem and Foster, Jennifer and U{\'i Dhonnchadha, Elaine and Dras, Mark and van Genabith, Josef

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1939--1946

Language resources are essential for linguistic research and the development of NLP applications. Low-density languages, such as Irish, therefore lack significant research in this area. This paper describes the early stages in the development of new language resources for Irish {\textemdash} namely the first Irish dependency treebank and the first Irish statistical dependency parser. We present the methodology behind building our new treebank and the steps we take to leverage upon the few existing resources. We discuss language-specific choices made when defining our dependency labelling scheme, and describe interesting Irish language characteristics such as prepositional attachment, copula, and clefting. We manually develop a small treebank of 300 sentences based on an existing POS-tagged corpus and report an inter-annotator agreement of 0.7902. We train MaltParser to achieve preliminary parsing results for Irish and describe a bootstrapping approach for further stages of development.

null

73,390

inproceedings

bordea-etal-2012-expertise

Expertise Mining for Enterprise Content Management

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1190/

Bordea, Georgeta and Kirrane, Sabrina and Buitelaar, Paul and Pereira, Bianca

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

3495--3498

Enterprise content analysis and platform configuration for enterprise content management is often carried out by external consultants that are not necessarily domain experts. In this paper, we propose a set of methods for automatic content analysis that allow users to gain a high level view of the enterprise content. Here, a main concern is the automatic identification of key stakeholders that should ideally be involved in analysis interviews. The proposed approach employs recent advances in term extraction, semantic term grounding, expert profiling and expert finding in an enterprise content management setting. Extracted terms are evaluated using human judges, while term grounding is evaluated using a manually created gold standard for the DBpedia datasource.

null

73,391

inproceedings

cakmak-etal-2012-word

Word Alignment for {E}nglish-{T}urkish Language Pair

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1191/

{\c{Cakmak, Mehmet Talha and Acar, S{\"uleyman and Eryi{\u{git, G{\"ul{\c{sen

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2177--2180

Word alignment is an important step for machine translation systems. Although the alignment performance between grammatically similar languages is reported to be very high in many studies, the case is not the same for language pairs from different language families. In this study, we are focusing on English-Turkish language pairs. Turkish is a highly agglutinative language with a very productive and rich morphology whereas English has a very poor morphology when compared to this language. As a result of this, one Turkish word is usually aligned with several English words. The traditional models which use word-level alignment approaches generally fail in such circumstances. In this study, we evaluate a Giza++ system by splitting the words into their morphological units (stem and suffixes) and compare the model with the traditional one. For the first time, we evaluate the performance of our aligner on gold standard parallel sentences rather than in a real machine translation system. Our approach reduced the alignment error rate by 40{\%} relative. Finally, a new test corpus of 300 manually aligned sentences is released together with this study.

null

73,392

inproceedings

barbot-etal-2012-comparing

Comparing performance of different set-covering strategies for linguistic content optimization in speech corpora

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1192/

Barbot, Nelly and Boeffard, Olivier and Delhay, Arnaud

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

969--974

Set covering algorithms are efficient tools for solving an optimal linguistic corpus reduction. The optimality of such a process is directly related to the descriptive features of the sentences of a reference corpus. This article suggests to verify experimentally the behaviour of three algorithms, a greedy approach and a lagrangian relaxation based one giving importance to rare events and a third one considering the Kullback-Liebler divergence between a reference and the ongoing distribution of events. The analysis of the content of the reduced corpora shows that the both first approaches stay the most effective to compress a corpus while guaranteeing a minimal content. The variant which minimises the Kullback-Liebler divergence guarantees a distribution of events close to a reference distribution as expected; however, the price for this solution is a much more important corpus. In the proposed experiments, we have also evaluated a mixed-approach considering a random complement to the smallest coverings.

null

73,393

inproceedings

ion-2012-pexacc

{PEXACC}: A Parallel Sentence Mining Algorithm from Comparable Corpora

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1193/

Ion, Radu

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2181--2188

Extracting parallel data from comparable corpora in order to enrich existing statistical translation models is an avenue that attracted a lot of research in recent years. There are experiments that convincingly show how parallel data extracted from comparable corpora is able to improve statistical machine translation. Yet, the existing body of research on parallel sentence mining from comparable corpora does not take into account the degree of comparability of the corpus being processed or the computation time it takes to extract parallel sentences from a corpus of a given size. We will show that the performance of a parallel sentence extractor crucially depends on the degree of comparability such that it is more difficult to process a weakly comparable corpus than a strongly comparable corpus. In this paper we describe PEXACC, a distributed (running on multiple CPUs), trainable parallel sentence/phrase extractor from comparable corpora. PEXACC is freely available for download with the ACCURAT Toolkit, a collection of MT-related tools developed in the ACCURAT project.

null

73,394

inproceedings

sheykholeslam-etal-2012-framework

A Framework for Spelling Correction in {P}ersian Language Using Noisy Channel Model

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1194/

Sheykholeslam, Mohammad Hoseyn and Minaei-Bidgoli, Behrouz and Juzi, Hossein

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

706--710

There are several methods offered for spelling correction in Farsi (Persian) Language. Unfortunately no powerful framework has been implemented because of lack of a large training set in Farsi as an accurate model. A training set consisting of erroneous and related correction string pairs have been obtained from a large number of instances of the books each of which were typed two times in Computer Research Center of Islamic Sciences. We trained our error model using this huge set. In testing part after finding erroneous words in sample text, our program proposes some candidates for related correction. The paper focuses on describing the method of ranking related corrections. This method is customized version of Noisy Channel Spelling Correction for Farsi. This ranking method attempts to find intended correction c from a typo t, that maximizes P(c) P(t | c). In this paper different methods are described and analyzed to obtain a wide overview of the field. Our evaluation results show that Noisy Channel Model using our corpus and training set in this framework works more accurately and improves efficiently in comparison with other methods.

null

73,395

inproceedings

serasset-2012-dbnary

{D}bnary: {W}iktionary as a {LMF} based Multilingual {RDF} network

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1195/

S{\'e}rasset, Gilles

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2466--2472

Contributive resources, such as wikipedia, have proved to be valuable in Natural Language Processing or Multilingual Information Retrieval applications. This article focusses on Wiktionary, the dictionary part of the collaborative resources sponsored by the Wikimedia foundation. In this article we present a word net that has been extracted from French, English and German wiktionaries. We present the structure of this word net and discuss the specific extraction problems induced by this kind of contributive resources and the method used to overcome them. Then we show how we represent the extracted data as a Lexical Markup Framework (LMF) compatible lexical network represented in Resource Description Framework (RDF) format.

null

73,396

inproceedings

choi-etal-2012-dysarthric

Dysarthric Speech Database for Development of {Q}o{LT} Software Technology

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1196/

Choi, Dae-Lim and Kim, Bong-Wan and Kim, Yeon-Whoa and Lee, Yong-Ju and Um, Yongnam and Chung, Minhwa

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

3378--3381

This paper describes the creation of a dysarthric speech database which has been done as part of a national program to help the disabled lead a better life {\textemdash} a challenging endeavour that is targeting development of speech technologies for people with articulation disabilities. The additional aims of this database are to study the phonetic characteristics of the different types of the disabled persons, develop the automatic method to assess degrees of disability, and investigate the phonetic features of dysarthric speech. For these purposes, a large database of about 600 mildly or moderately severe dysarthric persons is planned for a total of 4 years (2010.06. 01 {\textasciitilde} 2014.05.31). At present a dysarthric speech database of 120 speakers has been collected and we are continuing to record new speakers with cerebral paralysis of mild and moderate severity. This paper also introduces the prompting items, the assessment of the speech disability severity of the speakers, and other considerations for the creation of a dysarthric speech.

null

73,397

inproceedings

xia-etal-2012-cltc

{CLTC}: A {C}hinese-{E}nglish Cross-lingual Topic Corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1197/

Xia, Yunqing and Tang, Guoyu and Jin, Peng and Yang, Xia

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

532--537

Cross-lingual topic detection within text is a feasible solution to resolving the language barrier in accessing the information. This paper presents a Chinese-English cross-lingual topic corpus (CLTC), in which 90,000 Chinese articles and 90,000 English articles are organized within 150 topics. Compared with TDT corpora, CLTC has three advantages. First, CLTC is bigger in size. This makes it possible to evaluate the large-scale cross-lingual text clustering methods. Second, articles are evenly distributed within the topics. Thus it can be used to produce test datasets for different purposes. Third, CLTC can be used as a cross-lingual comparable corpus to develop methods for cross-lingual information access. A preliminary evaluation with CLTC corpus indicates that the corpus is effective in evaluating cross-lingual topic detection methods.

null

73,398

inproceedings

caselli-etal-2012-customizable

Customizable {SCF} Acquisition in {I}talian

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1198/

Caselli, Tommaso and Rubino, Francesco and Frontini, Francesca and Russo, Irene and Quochi, Valeria

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2842--2848

Lexica of predicate-argument structures constitute a useful tool for several tasks in NLP. This paper describes a web-service system for automatic acquisition of verb subcategorization frames (SCFs) from parsed data in Italian. The system acquires SCFs in an unsupervised manner. We created two gold standards for the evaluation of the system, the first by mixing together information from two lexica (one manually created and the second automatically acquired) and manual exploration of corpus data and the other annotating data extracted from a specialized corpus (environmental domain). Data filtering is accomplished by means of the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE). The evaluation phase has allowed us to identify the best empirical MLE threshold for the creation of a lexicon (P=0.653

null

0.601). In addition to this, we assigned to the extracted entries of the lexicon a confidence score based on the relative frequency and evaluated the extractor on domain specific data. The confidence score will allow the final user to easily select the entries of the lexicon in terms of their reliability: one of the most interesting feature of this work is the possibility the final users have to customize the results of the SCF extractor, obtaining different SCF lexica in terms of size and accuracy." }

0.557

null

73,399

inproceedings

merkus-schiel-2012-statistical

Statistical Evaluation of Pronunciation Encoding

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1199/

Merkus, Iris and Schiel, Florian

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

981--985

In this study we investigate the idea to automatically evaluate newly created pronunciation encodings for being correct or containing a potential error. Using a cascaded triphone detector and phonotactical n-gram modeling with an optimal Bayesian threshold we classify unknown pronunciation transcripts into the classes `probably faulty' or `probably correct'. Transcripts tagged `probably faulty' are forwarded to a manual inspection performed by an expert, while encodings tagged `probably correct' are passed without further inspection. An evaluation of the new method on the German PHONOLEX lexical resource shows that with a tolerable error margin of approximately 3{\%} faulty transcriptions a major reduction in work effort during the production of a new lexical resource can be achieved.

null

73,400

inproceedings

voutilainen-2012-improving

Improving corpus annotation productivity: a method and experiment with interactive tagging

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1200/

Voutilainen, Atro

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2097--2102

Corpus linguistic and language technological research needs empirical corpus data with nearly correct annotation and high volume to enable advances in language modelling and theorising. Recent work on improving corpus annotation accuracy presents semiautomatic methods to correct some of the analysis errors in available annotated corpora, while leaving the remaining errors undetected in the annotated corpus. We review recent advances in linguistics-based partial tagging and parsing, and regard the achieved analysis performance as sufficient for reconsidering a previously proposed method: combining nearly correct but partial automatic analysis with a minimal amount of human postediting (disambiguation) to achieve nearly correct corpus annotation accuracy at a competitive annotation speed. We report a pilot experiment with morphological (part-of-speech) annotation using a partial linguistic tagger of a kind previously reported with a very attractive precision-recall ratio, and observe that a desired level of annotation accuracy can be reached by using human disambiguation for less than 10{\textbackslash}{\%} of the words in the corpus.

null

73,401

inproceedings

maroto-etal-2012-semantic

Semantic Relations Established by Specialized Processes Expressed by Nouns and Verbs: Identification in a Corpus by means of Syntactico-semantic Annotation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1201/

Maroto, Nava and L{'}Homme, Marie-Claude and Alcina, Amparo

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

3814--3819

This article presents the methodology and results of the analysis of terms referring to processes expressed by verbs or nouns in a corpus of specialized texts dealing with ceramics. Both noun and verb terms are explored in context in order to identify and represent the semantic roles held by their participants (arguments and circumstants), and therefore explore some of the relations established by these terms. We present a methodology for the identification of related terms that take part in the development of specialized processes and the annotation of the semantic roles expressed in these contexts. The analysis has allowed us to identify participants in the process, some of which were already present in our previous work, but also some new ones. This method is useful in the distinction of different meanings of the same verb. Contexts in which processes are expressed by verbs have proved to be very informative, even if they are less frequent in the corpus. This work is viewed as a first step in the implementation {\textemdash} in ontologies {\textemdash} of conceptual relations in which activities are involved.

null

73,402

inproceedings

del-gratta-etal-2012-language

The Language Library: supporting community effort for collective resource production

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1202/

Del Gratta, Riccardo and Frontini, Francesca and Rubino, Francesco and Russo, Irene and Calzolari, Nicoletta

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

43--49

Relations among phenomena at different linguistic levels are at the essence of language properties but today we focus mostly on one specific linguistic layer at a time, without (having the possibility of) paying attention to the relations among the different layers. At the same time our efforts are too much scattered without much possibility of exploiting other people`s achievements. To address the complexities hidden in multilayer interrelations even small amounts of processed data can be useful, improving the performance of complex systems. Exploiting the current trend towards sharing we want to initiate a collective movement that works towards creating synergies and harmonisation among different annotation efforts that are now dispersed. In this paper we present the general architecture of the Language Library, an initiative which is conceived as a facility for gathering and making available through simple functionalities the linguistic knowledge the field is able to produce, putting in place new ways of collaboration within the LRT community. In order to reach this goal, a first population round of the Language Library has started around a core of parallel/comparable texts that have been annotated by several contributors submitting a paper for LREC2012. The Language Library has also an ancillary aim related to language documentation and archiving and it is conceived as a theory-neutral space which allows for several language processing philosophies to coexist.

null

73,403

inproceedings

weber-etal-2012-mistral

{MISTRAL}+: A Melody Intonation Speaker Tonal Range semi-automatic Analysis using variable Levels

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1203/

Weber, Beno{\^i}t and Caelen-Haumont, Genevi{\`e}ve and Pham, Binh Hai and Tran, Do-Dat

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

963--968

This paper presents MISTRAL+, the upgraded version of an automatic tool created in 2004 named INTSMEL then MELISM. Since MELISM, the entire process has been modified in order to simplify and enhance the study of languages. MISTRAL+ is a combinaison of two modules: a Praat plugin MISTRAL{\_}Praat, and MISTRAL{\_}xls. For specific corpora, it performs phonological annotation based on the F0 variation in prominent words, but also in any chunk of speech, prominent or not. So this tool while being specialized can also be used as a generic one. Now among others, new functionalities allow to use API symbols while labeling, and to provide a semi-automatic melodic annotation in the frame of tonal languages. The program contains several functions which compute target points (or significant points) to model F0 contour, perform automatic annotation of different shapes and export all data in an xls file. In a first part of this paper, the MISTRAL+ functionalities will be described, and in a second part, an example of application will be presented about a study of the Mo Piu endangered language in the frame of the MICA Au Co Project.

null

73,404

inproceedings

kaeshammer-demberg-2012-german

{G}erman and {E}nglish Treebanks and Lexica for {T}ree-{A}djoining {G}rammars

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1204/

Kaeshammer, Miriam and Demberg, Vera

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1880--1887

We present a treebank and lexicon for German and English, which have been developed for PLTAG parsing. PLTAG is a psycholinguistically motivated, incremental version of tree-adjoining grammar (TAG). The resources are however also applicable to parsing with other variants of TAG. The German PLTAG resources are based on the TIGER corpus and, to the best of our knowledge, constitute the first scalable German TAG grammar. The English PLTAG resources go beyond existing resources in that they include the NP annotation by (Vadas and Curran, 2007), and include the prediction lexicon necessary for PLTAG.

null

73,405

inproceedings

chen-2012-annotating

Annotating a corpus of human interaction with prosodic profiles {---} focusing on {M}andarin repair/disfluency

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1205/

Chen, Helen Kaiyun

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

986--990

This study describes the construction of a manually annotated speech corpus that focuses on the sound profiles of repair/disfluency in Mandarin conversational interaction. Specifically, the paper focuses on how the tag set of prosodic profiles of the recycling repair culled from both audio-tapped and video-tapped, face-to-face Mandarin interaction are decided. By the methodology of both acoustic records and impressionistic judgements, 260 instances of Mandarin recycling repair are annotated with sound profiles including: pitch, duration, loudness, silence, and other observable prosodic cues (i.e. sound stretch and cut-offs). The study further introduces some possible applications of the current corpus, such as the implementation of the annotated data for analyzing the correlation between sound profiles of Mandarin repair and the interactional function of the repair. The goal of constructing the corpus is to facilitate an interdisciplinary study that concentrates on broadening the interactional linguistic theory by simultaneously paying close attention to the sound profiles emerged from interaction.

null

73,406

inproceedings

cassidy-etal-2012-australian

The {A}ustralian National Corpus: National Infrastructure for Language Resources

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1206/

Cassidy, Steve and Haugh, Michael and Peters, Pam and Fallu, Mark

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

3295--3299

The Australian National Corpus has been established in an effort to make currently scattered and relatively inaccessible data available to researchers through an online portal. In contrast to other national corpora, it is conceptualised as a linked collection of many existing and future language resources representing language use in Australia, unified through common technical standards. This approach allows us to bootstrap a significant collection and add value to existing resources by providing a unified, online tool-set to support research in a number of disciplines. This paper provides an outline of the technical platform being developed to support the corpus and a brief overview of some of the collections that form part of the initial version of the Australian National Corpus.

null

73,407

inproceedings

xu-etal-2012-grammar

A Grammar-informed Corpus-based Sentence Database for Linguistic and Computational Studies

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1207/

Xu, Hongzhi and Chen, Helen Kaiyun and Huang, Chu-Ren and Lu, Qin and Shi, Dingxu and Chiu, Tin-Shing

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

3140--3144

We adopt the corpus-informed approach to example sentence selections for the construction of a reference grammar. In the process, a database containing sentences that are carefully selected by linguistic experts including the full range of linguistic facts covered in an authoritative Chinese Reference Grammar is constructed and structured according to the reference grammar. A search engine system is developed to facilitate the process of finding the most typical examples the users need to study a linguistic problem or prove their hypotheses. The database can also be used as a training corpus by computational linguists to train models for Chinese word segmentation, POS tagging and sentence parsing.

null

73,408

inproceedings

sloetjes-somasundaram-2012-elan

{ELAN} development, keeping pace with communities' needs

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1208/

Sloetjes, Han and Somasundaram, Aarthy

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

219--223

ELAN is a versatile multimedia annotation tool that is being developed at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics. About a decade ago it emerged out of a number of corpus tools and utilities and it has been extended ever since. This paper focuses on the efforts made to ensure that the application keeps up with the growing needs of that era in linguistics and multimodality research; growing needs in terms of length and resolution of recordings, the number of recordings made and transcribed and the number of levels of annotation per transcription.

null

73,409

inproceedings

lin-etal-2012-revealing

Revealing Contentious Concepts Across Social Groups

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1209/

Lin, Ching-Sheng and Akcam, Zumrut and Shaikh, Samira and Small, Sharon and Stahl, Ken and Strzalkowski, Tomek and Webb, Nick

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2838--2841

In this paper, a computational model based on concept polarity is proposed to investigate the influence of communications across the diacultural groups. The hypothesis of this work is that there are communities or groups which can be characterized by a network of concepts and the corresponding valuations of those concepts that are agreed upon by the members of the community. We apply an existing research tool, ECO, to generate text representative of each community and create community specific Valuation Concept Networks (VCN). We then compare VCNs across the communities, to attempt to find contentious concepts, which could subsequently be the focus of further exploration as points of contention between the two communities. A prototype, CPAM (Changing Positions, Altering Minds), was implemented as a proof of concept for this approach. The experiment was conducted using blog data from pro-Palestinian and pro-Israeli communities. A potential application of this method and future work are discussed as well.

null

73,410

inproceedings

borgia-etal-2012-resource

Resource production of written forms of Sign Languages by a user-centered editor, {SW}ift ({S}ign{W}riting improved fast transcriber)

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1210/

Borgia, Fabrizio and Bianchini, Claudia S. and Dalle, Patrice and De Marsico, Maria

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

3779--3784

The SignWriting improved fast transcriber (SWift), presented in this paper, is an advanced editor for computer-aided writing and transcribing of any Sign Language (SL) using the SignWriting (SW). The application is an editor which allows composing and saving desired signs using the SW elementary components, called glyphs. These make up a sort of alphabet, which does not depend on the national Sign Language and which codes the basic components of any sign. The user is guided through a fully automated procedure making the composition process fast and intuitive. SWift pursues the goal of helping to break down the electronic barriers that keep deaf people away from the web, and at the same time to support linguistic research about Sign Languages features. For this reason it has been designed with a special attention to deaf user needs, and to general usability issues. The editor has been developed in a modular way, so it can be integrated everywhere the use of the SW as an alternative to written verbal language may be advisable.

null

73,411

inproceedings

ar-etal-2012-cost

Cost and Benefit of Using {W}ord{N}et Senses for Sentiment Analysis

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1211/

AR, Balamurali and Joshi, Aditya and Bhattacharyya, Pushpak

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

3090--3097

Typically, accuracy is used to represent the performance of an NLP system. However, accuracy attainment is a function of investment in annotation. Typically, the more the amount and sophistication of annotation, higher is the accuracy. However, a moot question is ''''''``is the accuracy improvement commensurate with the cost incurred in annotation''''''''? We present an economic model to assess the marginal benefit accruing from increase in cost of annotation. In particular, as a case in point we have chosen the sentiment analysis (SA) problem. In SA, documents normally are polarity classified by running them through classifiers trained on document vectors constructed from lexeme features, i.e., words. If, however, instead of words, one uses word senses (synset ids in wordnets) as features, the accuracy improves dramatically. But is this improvement significant enough to justify the cost of annotation? This question, to the best of our knowledge, has not been investigated with the seriousness it deserves. We perform a cost benefit study based on a vendor-machine model. By setting up a cost price, selling price and profit scenario, we show that although extra cost is incurred in sense annotation, the profit margin is high, justifying the cost.

null

73,412

inproceedings

cardoso-2012-rembrandt

Rembrandt - a named-entity recognition framework

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1212/

Cardoso, Nuno

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1240--1243

Rembrandt is a named entity recognition system specially crafted to annotate documents by classifying named entities and ground them into unique identifiers. Rembrandt played an important role within our research over geographic IR, thus evolving into a more capable framework where documents can be annotated, manually curated and indexed. The goal of this paper is to present Rembrandt`s simple but powerful annotation framework to the NLP community.

null

73,413

inproceedings

sacaleanu-neumann-2012-adaptive

An Adaptive Framework for Named Entity Combination

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1213/

Sacaleanu, Bogdan and Neumann, G{\"unter

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1244--1249

We have developed a new OSGi-based platform for Named Entity Recognition (NER) which uses a voting strategy to combine the results produced by several existing NER systems (currently OpenNLP, LingPipe and Stanford). The different NER systems have been systematically decomposed and modularized into the same pipeline of preprocessing components in order to support a flexible selection and ordering of the NER processing flow. This high modular and component-based design supports the possibility to setup different constellations of chained processing steps including alternative voting strategies for combining the results of parallel running components.

null

73,414

inproceedings

langlais-etal-2012-texto4science

{T}exto4{S}cience: a {Q}uebec {F}rench Database of Annotated Short Text Messages

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1214/

Langlais, Philippe and Drouin, Patrick and Paulus, Am{\'e}lie and Brodeur, Eug{\'e}nie Rompr{\'e} and Cottin, Florent

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1047--1054

In October 2009, was launched the Quebec French part of the international sms4science project, called texto4science. Over a period of 10 months, we collected slightly more than 7000 SMSs that we carefully annotated. This database is now ready to be used by the community. The purpose of this article is to relate the efforts put into designing this database and provide some data analysis of the main linguistic phenomenon that we have annotated. We also report on a socio-linguistic survey we conducted within the project.

null

73,415

inproceedings

sanders-2012-collecting

Collecting and Analysing Chats and Tweets in {S}o{N}a{R}

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1215/

Sanders, Eric

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2253--2256

In this paper a collection of chats and tweets from the Netherlands and Flanders is described. The chats and tweets are part of the freely available SoNaR corpus, a 500 million word text corpus of the Dutch language. Recruitment, metadata, anonymisation and IPR issues are discussed. To illustrate the difference of language use between the various text types and other parameters (like gender and age) simple text analysis in the form of unigram frequency lists is carried out. Furthermore a website is presented with which users can retrieve their own frequency lists.

null

73,416

inproceedings

rysova-2012-alternative

Alternative Lexicalizations of Discourse Connectives in {C}zech

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1216/

Rysov{\'a}, Magdal{\'e}na

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2800--2807

The paper concentrates on which language means may be included into the annotation of discourse relations in the Prague Dependency Treebank (PDT) and tries to examine the so called alternative lexicalizations of discourse markers (AltLex`s) in Czech. The analysis proceeds from the annotated data of PDT and tries to draw a comparison between the Czech AltLex`s from PDT and English AltLex`s from PDTB (the Penn Discourse Treebank). The paper presents a lexico-syntactic and semantic characterization of the Czech AltLex`s and comments on the current stage of their annotation in PDT. In the current version, PDT contains 306 expressions (within the total 43,955 of sentences) that were labeled by annotators as being an AltLex. However, as the analysis demonstrates, this number is not final. We suppose that it will increase after the further elaboration, as AltLex`s are not restricted to a limited set of syntactic classes and some of them exhibit a great degree of variation.

null

73,417

inproceedings

maekawa-2012-prediction

Prediction of Non-Linguistic Information of Spontaneous Speech from the Prosodic Annotation: Evaluation of the {X}-{JT}o{BI} system

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1217/

Maekawa, Kikuo

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

991--996

Speakers' gender and age-group were predicted using the symbolic information of the X-JToBI prosodic labelling scheme as applied to the Core of the Corpus of Spontaneous Japanese (44 hours, 155 speakers, 201 talks). The correct prediction rate of speaker gender by means of logistic regression analysis was about 80{\%}, and, the correct discrimination rate of speaker age-group (4 groups) by means of linear discriminant analysis was about 50 {\%}. These results, in conjunction with the previously reported result of the prediction experiment of 4 speech registers from the X-JToBI information, shows convincingly the superiority of X-JToBI over the traditional J{\_}ToBI. Clarification of the mechanism by which gender- and/or age-group information were reflected in the symbolic representations of prosody largely remains as open question, although some preliminary analyses were presented in the current paper.

null

73,418

inproceedings

pazienza-etal-2012-pearl

{PEARL}: {P}roj{E}ction of Annotations Rule Language, a Language for Projecting ({UIMA}) Annotations over {RDF} Knowledge Bases

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1218/

Pazienza, Maria Teresa and Stellato, Armando and Turbati, Andrea

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

3828--3835

In this paper we present a language, PEARL, for projecting annotations based on the Unstructured Information Management Architecture (UIMA) over RDF triples. The language offer is twofold: first, a query mechanism, built upon (and extending) the basic FeaturePath notation of UIMA, allows for efficient access to the standard annotation format of UIMA based on feature structures. PEARL then provides a syntax for projecting the retrieved information onto an RDF Dataset, by using a combination of a SPARQL-like notation for matching pre-existing elements of the dataset and of meta-graph patterns, for storing new information into it. In this paper we present the basics of this language and how a PEARL document is structured, discuss a simple use-case and introduce a wider project about automatic acquisition of knowledge, in which PEARL plays a pivotal role.

null

73,419

inproceedings

strotgen-gertz-2012-temporal

Temporal Tagging on Different Domains: Challenges, Strategies, and Gold Standards

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1219/

Str{\"otgen, Jannik and Gertz, Michael

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

3746--3753

In the last years, temporal tagging has received increasing attention in the area of natural language processing. However, most of the research so far concentrated on processing news documents. Only recently, two temporal annotated corpora of narrative-style documents were developed, and it was shown that a domain shift results in significant challenges for temporal tagging. Thus, a temporal tagger should be aware of the domain associated with documents that are to be processed and apply domain-specific strategies for extracting and normalizing temporal expressions. In this paper, we analyze the characteristics of temporal expressions in different domains. In addition to news- and narrative-style documents, we add two further document types, namely colloquial and scientific documents. After discussing the challenges of temporal tagging on the different domains, we describe some strategies to tackle these challenges and describe their integration into our publicly available temporal tagger HeidelTime. Our cross-domain evaluation validates the benefits of domain-sensitive temporal tagging. Furthermore, we make available two new temporally annotated corpora and a new version of HeidelTime, which now distinguishes between four document domain types.

null

73,420

inproceedings

paramita-etal-2012-correlation

Correlation between Similarity Measures for Inter-Language Linked {W}ikipedia Articles

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1220/

Paramita, Monica Lestari and Clough, Paul and Aker, Ahmet and Gaizauskas, Robert

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

790--797

Wikipedia articles in different languages have been mined to support various tasks, such as Cross-Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) and Statistical Machine Translation (SMT). Articles on the same topic in different languages are often connected by inter-language links, which can be used to identify similar or comparable content. In this work, we investigate the correlation between similarity measures utilising language-independent and language-dependent features and respective human judgments. A collection of 800 Wikipedia pairs from 8 different language pairs were collected and judged for similarity by two assessors. We report the development of this corpus and inter-assessor agreement between judges across the languages. Results show that similarity measured using language independent features is comparable to using an approach based on translating non-English documents. In both cases the correlation with human judgments is low but also dependent upon the language pair. The results and corpus generated from this work also provide insights into the measurement of cross-language similarity.

null

73,421

inproceedings

buendia-castro-sanchez-cardenas-2012-linguistic

Linguistic knowledge for specialized text production

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1221/

Buend{\'i}a-Castro, Miriam and S{\'a}nchez-C{\'a}rdenas, Beatriz

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

622--626

This paper outlines a proposal for encoding and describing verb phrase constructions in the knowledge base on the environment EcoLexicon, with the objective of helping translators in specialized text production. In order to be able to propose our own template, the characteristics and limitations of the most representative terminographic resources that include phraseological information were analyzed, along with the theoretical background that underlies the verb meaning argument structure in EcoLexicon. Our description provides evidence of the fact that this kind of entry structure can be easily encoded in other languages.

null

73,422

inproceedings

moneglia-etal-2012-imagact

The {IMAGACT} Cross-linguistic Ontology of Action. A new infrastructure for natural language disambiguation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1222/

Moneglia, Massimo and Monachini, Monica and Calabrese, Omar and Panunzi, Alessandro and Frontini, Francesca and Gagliardi, Gloria and Russo, Irene

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2606--2613

Action verbs, which are highly frequent in speech, cause disambiguation problems that are relevant to Language Technologies. This is a consequence of the peculiar way each natural language categorizes Action i.e. it is a consequence of semantic factors. Action verbs are frequently general, since they extend productively to actions belonging to different ontological types. Moreover, each language categorizes action in its own way and therefore the cross-linguistic reference to everyday activities is puzzling. This paper briefly sketches the IMAGACT project, which aims at setting up a cross-linguistic Ontology of Action for grounding disambiguation tasks in this crucial area of the lexicon. The project derives information on the actual variation of action verbs in English and Italian from spontaneous speech corpora, where references to action are high in frequency. Crucially it makes use of the universal language of images to identify action types, avoiding the underdeterminacy of semantic definitions. Action concept entries are implemented as prototypic scenes; this will make it easier to extend the Ontology to other languages.

null

73,423

inproceedings

zeman-etal-2012-hamledt

{H}amle{DT}: To Parse or Not to Parse?

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1223/

Zeman, Daniel and Mare{\v{c}}ek, David and Popel, Martin and Ramasamy, Loganathan and {\v{S}}t{\v{e}}p{\'a}nek, Jan and {\v{Z}}abokrtsk{\'y}, Zden{\v{e}}k and Haji{\v{c}}, Jan

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2735--2741

We propose HamleDT {\textemdash} HArmonized Multi-LanguagE Dependency Treebank. HamleDT is a compilation of existing dependency treebanks (or dependency conversions of other treebanks), transformed so that they all conform to the same annotation style. While the license terms prevent us from directly redistributing the corpora, most of them are easily acquirable for research purposes. What we provide instead is the software that normalizes tree structures in the data obtained by the user from their original providers.

null

73,424

inproceedings

padro-stanilovsky-2012-freeling

{F}ree{L}ing 3.0: Towards Wider Multilinguality

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1224/

Padr{\'o}, Llu{\'i}s and Stanilovsky, Evgeny

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2473--2479

FreeLing is an open-source multilingual language processing library providing a wide range of analyzers for several languages. It offers text processing and language annotation facilities to NLP application developers, lowering the cost of building those applications. FreeLing is customizable, extensible, and has a strong orientation to real-world applications in terms of speed and robustness. Developers can use the default linguistic resources (dictionaries, lexicons, grammars, etc.), extend/adapt them to specific domains, or --since the library is open source-- develop new ones for specific languages or special application needs. This paper describes the general architecture of the library, presents the major changes and improvements included in FreeLing version 3.0, and summarizes some relevant industrial projects in which it has been used.

null

73,425

inproceedings

rayner-etal-2012-evaluating

Evaluating Appropriateness Of System Responses In A Spoken {CALL} Game

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1225/

Rayner, Manny and Bouillon, Pierrette and Gerlach, Johanna

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2690--2694

We describe an experiment carried out using a French version of CALL-SLT, a web-enabled CALL game in which students at each turn are prompted to give a semi-free spoken response which the system then either accepts or rejects. The central question we investigate is whether the response is appropriate; we do this by extracting pairs of utterances where both members of the pair are responses by the same student to the same prompt, and where one response is accepted and one rejected. When the two spoken responses are presented in random order, native speakers show a reasonable degree of agreement in judging that the accepted utterance is better than the rejected one. We discuss the significance of the results and also present a small study supporting the claim that native speakers are nearly always recognised by the system, while non-native speakers are rejected a significant proportion of the time.

null

73,426

inproceedings

fuchs-etal-2012-scalable

A Scalable Architecture For Web Deployment of Spoken Dialogue Systems

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1226/

Fuchs, Matthew and Tsourakis, Nikos and Rayner, Manny

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1309--1314

We describe a scalable architecture, particularly well-suited to cloud-based computing, which can be used for Web-deployment of spoken dialogue systems. In common with similar platforms, like WAMI and the Nuance Mobile Developer Platform, we use a client/server approach in which speech recognition is carried out on the server side; our architecture, however, differs from these systems in offering considerably more elaborate server-side functionality, based on large-scale grammar-based language processing and generic dialogue management. We describe two substantial applications, built using our framework, which we argue would have been hard to construct in WAMI or NMDP. Finally, we present a series of evaluations carried out using CALL-SLT, a speech translation game, where we contrast performance in Web and desktop versions. Task Error Rate in the Web version is only slightly inferior that in the desktop one, and the average additional latency is under half a second. The software is generally available for research purposes.

null

73,427

inproceedings

van-uytvanck-etal-2012-semantic

Semantic metadata mapping in practice: the Virtual Language Observatory

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1227/

Van Uytvanck, Dieter and Stehouwer, Herman and Lampen, Lari

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1029--1034

In this paper we present the Virtual Language Observatory (VLO), a metadata-based portal for language resources. It is completely based on the Component Metadata (CMDI) and ISOcat standards. This approach allows for the use of heterogeneous metadata schemas while maintaining the semantic compatibility. We describe the metadata harvesting process, based on OAI-PMH, and the conversion from several formats (OLAC, IMDI and the CLARIN LRT inventory) to their CMDI counterpart profiles. Then we focus on some post-processing steps to polish the harvested records. Next, the ingestion of the CMDI files into the VLO facet browser is described. We also include an overview of the changes since the first version of the VLO, based on user feedback from the CLARIN community. Finally there is an overview of additional ideas and improvements for future versions of the VLO.

null

73,428

inproceedings

rognvaldsson-etal-2012-icelandic

The {I}celandic Parsed Historical Corpus ({I}ce{P}a{HC})

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1228/

R{\"ognvaldsson, Eir{\'ikur and Ingason, Anton Karl and Sigur{\dhsson, Einar Freyr and Wallenberg, Joel

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1977--1984

We describe the background for and building of IcePaHC, a one million word parsed historical corpus of Icelandic which has just been finished. This corpus which is completely free and open contains fragments of 60 texts ranging from the late 12th century to the present. We describe the text selection and text collecting process and discuss the quality of the texts and their conversion to modern Icelandic spelling. We explain why we choose to use a phrase structure Penn style annotation scheme and briefly describe the syntactic anno-tation process. We also describe a spin-off project which is only in its beginning stages: a parsed historical corpus of Faroese. Finally, we advocate the importance of an open source policy as regards language resources.

null

73,429

inproceedings

vaidya-etal-2012-empty

Empty Argument Insertion in the {H}indi {P}rop{B}ank

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1229/

Vaidya, Ashwini and Choi, Jinho D. and Palmer, Martha and Narasimhan, Bhuvana

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1522--1526

This paper examines both linguistic behavior and practical implication of empty argument insertion in the Hindi PropBank. The Hindi PropBank is annotated on the Hindi Dependency Treebank, which contains some empty categories but not the empty arguments of verbs. In this paper, we analyze four kinds of empty arguments, *PRO*, *REL*, *GAP*, *pro*, and suggest effective ways of annotating these arguments. Empty arguments such as *PRO* and *REL* can be inserted deterministically; we present linguistically motivated rules that automatically insert these arguments with high accuracy. On the other hand, it is difficult to find deterministic rules to insert *GAP* and *pro*; for these arguments, we introduce a new annotation scheme that concurrently handles both semantic role labeling and empty category insertion, producing fast and high quality annotation. In addition, we present algorithms for finding antecedents of *REL* and *PRO*, and discuss why finding antecedents for some types of *PRO* is difficult.

null

73,430

inproceedings

paroubek-tannier-2012-rough

A Rough Set Formalization of Quantitative Evaluation with Ambiguity

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1230/

Paroubek, Patrick and Tannier, Xavier

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2311--2317

In this paper, we present the founding elements of a formal model of the evaluation paradigm in natural language processing. We propose an abstract model of objective quantitative evaluation based on rough sets, as well as the notion of potential performance space for describing the performance variations corresponding to the ambiguity present in hypothesis data produced by a computer program, when comparing it to the reference data created by humans. A formal model of the evaluation paradigm will be useful for comparing evaluations protocols, investigating evaluation constraint relaxation and getting a better understanding of the evaluation paradigm, provided it is general enough to be able to represent any natural language processing task.

null

73,431

inproceedings

avramidis-etal-2012-richly

A Richly Annotated, Multilingual Parallel Corpus for Hybrid Machine Translation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1231/

Avramidis, Eleftherios and Costa-juss{\`a}, Marta R. and Federmann, Christian and van Genabith, Josef and Melero, Maite and Pecina, Pavel

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2189--2193

In recent years, machine translation (MT) research has focused on investigating how hybrid machine translation as well as system combination approaches can be designed so that the resulting hybrid translations show an improvement over the individual component translations. As a first step towards achieving this objective we have developed a parallel corpus with source text and the corresponding translation output from a number of machine translation engines, annotated with metadata information, capturing aspects of the translation process performed by the different MT systems. This corpus aims to serve as a basic resource for further research on whether hybrid machine translation algorithms and system combination techniques can benefit from additional (linguistically motivated, decoding, and runtime) information provided by the different systems involved. In this paper, we describe the annotated corpus we have created. We provide an overview on the component MT systems and the XLIFF-based annotation format we have developed. We also report on first experiments with the ML4HMT corpus data.

null

73,432

inproceedings

erjavec-2012-goo300k

The goo300k corpus of historical {S}lovene

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1232/

Erjavec, Toma{\v{z}}

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2257--2260

The paper presents a gold-standard reference corpus of historical Slovene containing 1,000 sampled pages from over 80 texts, which were, for the most part, written between 1750-1900. Each page of the transcription has an associated facsimile and the words in the texts have been manually annotated with their modern-day equivalent, lemma and part-of-speech. The paper presents the structure of the text collection, the sampling procedure, annotation process and encoding of the corpus. The corpus is meant to facilitate HLT research and enable corpus based diachronic studies for historical Slovene. The corpus is encoded according to the Text Encoding Initiative Guidelines (TEI P5), is available via a concordancer and for download from \url{http://nl.ijs.si/imp/} under the Creative Commons Attribution licence.

null

73,433

inproceedings

marcinczuk-etal-2012-inforex

{I}nforex {--} a web-based tool for text corpus management and semantic annotation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1233/

Marci{\'n}czuk, Micha{\l} and Koco{\'n}, Jan and Broda, Bartosz

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

224--230

The aim of this paper is to present a system for semantic text annotation called Inforex. Inforex is a web-based system designed for managing and annotating text corpora on the semantic level including annotation of Named Entities (NE), anaphora, Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) and relations between named entities. The system also supports manual text clean-up and automatic text pre-processing including text segmentation, morphosyntactic analysis and word selection for word sense annotation. Inforex can be accessed from any standard-compliant web browser supporting JavaScript. The user interface has a form of dynamic HTML pages using the AJAX technology. The server part of the system is written in PHP and the data is stored in MySQL database. The system make use of some external tools that are installed on the server or can be accessed via web services. The documents are stored in the database in the original format {\textemdash} either plain text, XML or HTML. Tokenization and sentence segmentation is optional and is stored in a separate table. Tokens are stored as pairs of values representing indexes of first and last character of the tokens and sets of features representing the morpho-syntactic information.

null

73,434

inproceedings

rakho-etal-2012-new

A new semantically annotated corpus with syntactic-semantic and cross-lingual senses

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1234/

Rakho, Myriam and Laporte, {\'E}ric and Constant, Matthieu

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

597--600

In this article, we describe a new sense-tagged corpus for Word Sense Disambiguation. The corpus is constituted of instances of 20 French polysemous verbs. Each verb instance is annotated with three sense labels: (1) the actual translation of the verb in the english version of this instance in a parallel corpus, (2) an entry of the verb in a computational dictionary of French (the Lexicon-Grammar tables) and (3) a fine-grained sense label resulting from the concatenation of the translation and the Lexicon-Grammar entry.

null

73,435

inproceedings

odijk-2012-recent

Recent Developments in {CLARIN}-{NL}

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1235/

Odijk, Jan

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1055--1060

In this paper we describe recent developments in the CLARIN-NL project with the goal of sharing information on and experiences in this project with the community outside of the Netherlands. We discuss a variety of subprojects to actually implement the infrastructure, to provide functionality for search in metadata and the actual data, resource curation and demonstration projects, the Data Curation Service, actions to improve semantic interoperability and coordinate work on it, involvement of CLARIN Data Providers, education and training, outreach activities, and cooperation with other projects. Based on these experiences, we provide some recommendations for related projects. The recommendations concern a variety of topics including the organisation of an infrastructure project as a function of the types of tasks that have to be carried out, involvement of the targeted users, metadata, semantic interoperability and the role of registries, measures to maximally ensure sustainability, and cooperation with similar projects in other countries.

null

73,436

inproceedings

nicolas-etal-2012-unsupervised

Unsupervised acquisition of concatenative morphology

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1236/

Nicolas, Lionel and Farr{\'e}, Jacques and Darme, C{\'e}cile

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

865--872

Among the linguistic resources formalizing a language, morphological rules are among those that can be achieved in a reasonable time. Nevertheless, since the construction of such resource can require linguistic expertise, morphological rules are still lacking for many languages. The automatized acquisition of morphology is thus an open topic of interest within the NLP field. We present an approach that allows to automatically compute, from raw corpora, a data-representative description of the concatenative mechanisms of a morphology. Our approach takes advantage of phenomena that are observable for all languages using morphological inflection and derivation but are more easy to exploit when dealing with concatenative mechanisms. Since it has been developed toward the objective of being used on as many languages as possible, applying this approach to a varied set of languages needs very few expert work. The results obtained for our first participation in the 2010 edition of MorphoChallenge have confirmed both the practical interest and the potential of the method.

null

73,437

inproceedings

derczynski-etal-2012-massively

Massively Increasing {TIMEX}3 Resources: A Transduction Approach

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1237/

Derczynski, Leon and Llorens, H{\'e}ctor and Saquete, Estela

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

3754--3761

Automatic annotation of temporal expressions is a research challenge of great interest in the field of information extraction. Gold standard temporally-annotated resources are limited in size, which makes research using them difficult. Standards have also evolved over the past decade, so not all temporally annotated data is in the same format. We vastly increase available human-annotated temporal expression resources by converting older format resources to TimeML/TIMEX3. This task is difficult due to differing annotation methods. We present a robust conversion tool and a new, large temporal expression resource. Using this, we evaluate our conversion process by using it as training data for an existing TimeML annotation tool, achieving a 0.87 F1 measure - better than any system in the TempEval-2 timex recognition exercise.

null

73,438

inproceedings

exner-nugues-2012-constructing

Constructing Large Proposition Databases

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1238/

Exner, Peter and Nugues, Pierre

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

3836--3840

With the advent of massive online encyclopedic corpora such as Wikipedia, it has become possible to apply a systematic analysis to a wide range of documents covering a significant part of human knowledge. Using semantic parsers, it has become possible to extract such knowledge in the form of propositions (predicate{\textemdash}argument structures) and build large proposition databases from these documents. This paper describes the creation of multilingual proposition databases using generic semantic dependency parsing. Using Wikipedia, we extracted, processed, clustered, and evaluated a large number of propositions. We built an architecture to provide a complete pipeline dealing with the input of text, extraction of knowledge, storage, and presentation of the resulting propositions.

null

73,439

inproceedings

sundberg-etal-2012-visualizing

Visualizing Sentiment Analysis on a User Forum

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1239/

Sundberg, Rasmus and Eriksson, Anders and Bini, Johan and Nugues, Pierre

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

3573--3579

Sentiment analysis, or opinion mining, is the process of extracting sentiment from documents or sentences, where the expressed sentiment is typically categorized as positive, negative, or neutral. Many different techniques have been proposed. In this paper, we report the reimplementation of nine algorithms and their evaluation across four corpora to assess the sentiment at the sentence level. We extracted the named entities from each sentence and we associated them with the sentence sentiment. We built a graphical module based on the Qlikview software suite to visualize the sentiments attached to named entities mentioned in Internet forums and follow opinion changes over time.

null

73,440

inproceedings

gebre-etal-2012-towards

Towards Automatic Gesture Stroke Detection

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1240/

Gebre, Binyam Gebrekidan and Wittenburg, Peter and Lenkiewicz, Przemyslaw

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

231--235

Automatic annotation of gesture strokes is important for many gesture and sign language researchers. The unpredictable diversity of human gestures and video recording conditions require that we adopt a more adaptive case-by-case annotation model. In this paper, we present a work-in progress annotation model that allows a user to a) track hands/face b) extract features c) distinguish strokes from non-strokes. The hands/face tracking is done with color matching algorithms and is initialized by the user. The initialization process is supported with immediate visual feedback. Sliders are also provided to support a user-friendly adjustment of skin color ranges. After successful initialization, features related to positions, orientations and speeds of tracked hands/face are extracted using unique identifiable features (corners) from a window of frames and are used for training a learning algorithm. Our preliminary results for stroke detection under non-ideal video conditions are promising and show the potential applicability of our methodology.

null

73,441

inproceedings

johansson-etal-2012-semantic

Semantic Role Labeling with the {S}wedish {F}rame{N}et

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1241/

Johansson, Richard and Heppin, Karin Friberg and Kokkinakis, Dimitrios

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

3697--3700

We present the first results on semantic role labeling using the Swedish FrameNet, which is a lexical resource currently in development. Several aspects of the task are investigated, including the {\%}design and selection of machine learning features, the effect of choice of syntactic parser, and the ability of the system to generalize to new frames and new genres. In addition, we evaluate two methods to make the role label classifier more robust: cross-frame generalization and cluster-based features. Although the small amount of training data limits the performance achievable at the moment, we reach promising results. In particular, the classifier that extracts the boundaries of arguments works well for new frames, which suggests that it already at this stage can be useful in a semi-automatic setting.

null

73,442

inproceedings

ramasamy-zabokrtsky-2012-prague

{P}rague Dependency Style Treebank for {T}amil

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1242/

Ramasamy, Loganathan and {\v{Z}}abokrtsk{\'y}, Zden{\v{e}}k

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1888--1894

Annotated corpora such as treebanks are important for the development of parsers, language applications as well as understanding of the language itself. Only very few languages possess these scarce resources. In this paper, we describe our efforts in syntactically annotating a small corpora (600 sentences) of Tamil language. Our annotation is similar to Prague Dependency Treebank (PDT) and consists of annotation at 2 levels or layers: (i) morphological layer (m-layer) and (ii) analytical layer (a-layer). For both the layers, we introduce annotation schemes i.e. positional tagging for m-layer and dependency relations for a-layers. Finally, we discuss some of the issues in treebank development for Tamil.

null

73,443

inproceedings

tiedemann-etal-2012-distributed

A Distributed Resource Repository for Cloud-Based Machine Translation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1243/

Tiedemann, J{\"org and Hansen, Dorte Haltrup and Offersgaard, Lene and Olsen, Sussi and Zumpe, Matthias

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2207--2213

In this paper, we present the architecture of a distributed resource repository developed for collecting training data for building customized statistical machine translation systems. The repository is designed for the cloud-based translation service integrated in the Let`sMT! platform which is about to be launched to the public. The system includes important features such as automatic import and alignment of textual documents in a variety of formats, a flexible database for meta-information using modern key-value stores and a grid-based backend for running off-line processes. The entire system is very modular and supports highly distributed setups to enable a maximum of flexibility and scalability. The system uses secure connections and includes an effective permission management to ensure data integrity. In this paper, we also take a closer look at the task of sentence alignment. The process of alignment is extremely important for the success of translation models trained on the platform. Alignment decisions significantly influence the quality of SMT engines.

null

73,444

inproceedings

goncalves-etal-2012-treebanking

Treebanking by Sentence and Tree Transformation: Building a Treebank to support Question Answering in {P}ortuguese

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1244/

Gon{\c{c}}alves, Patr{\'i}cia and Santos, Rita and Branco, Ant{\'o}nio

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1895--1901

This paper presents CINTIL-QATreebank, a treebank composed of Portuguese sentences that can be used to support the development of Question Answering systems. To create this treebank, we use declarative sentences from the pre-existing CINTIL-Treebank and manually transform their syntactic structure into a non-declarative sentence. Our corpus includes two clause types: interrogative and imperative clauses. CINTIL-QATreebank can be used in language science and techology general research, but it was developed particularly for the development of automatic Question Answering systems. The non-declarative entences are annotated with several layers of linguistic information, namely (i) trees with information on constituency and grammatical function; (ii) sentence type; (iii) interrogative pronoun; (iv) question type; and (v) semantic type of expected answer. Moreover, these non-declarative sentences are paired with their declarative counterparts and associated with the expected answer snippets.

null

73,445

inproceedings

graff-maamouri-2012-developing

Developing {LMF}-{XML} Bilingual Dictionaries for Colloquial {A}rabic Dialects

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1245/

Graff, David and Maamouri, Mohamed

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

269--274

The Linguistic Data Consortium and Georgetown University Press are collaborating to create updated editions of bilingual diction- aries that had originally been published in the 1960`s for English-speaking learners of Moroccan, Syrian and Iraqi Arabic. In their first editions, these dictionaries used ad hoc Latin-alphabet orthography for each colloquial Arabic dialect, but adopted some proper- ties of Arabic-based writing (collation order of Arabic headwords, clitic attachment to word forms in example phrases); despite their common features, there are notable differences among the three books that impede comparisons across the dialects, as well as com- parisons of each dialect to Modern Standard Arabic. In updating these volumes, we use both Arabic script and International Pho- netic Alphabet orthographies; the former provides a common basis for word recognition across dialects, while the latter provides dialect-specific pronunciations. Our goal is to preserve the full content of the original publications, supplement the Arabic headword inventory with new usages, and produce a uniform lexicon structure expressible via the Lexical Markup Framework (LMF, ISO 24613). To this end, we developed a relational database schema that applies consistently to each dialect, and HTTP-based tools for searching, editing, workflow, review and inventory management.

null

73,446

inproceedings

tiedemann-2012-parallel

Parallel Data, Tools and Interfaces in {OPUS}

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1246/

Tiedemann, J{\"org

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2214--2218

This paper presents the current status of OPUS, a growing language resource of parallel corpora and related tools. The focus in OPUS is to provide freely available data sets in various formats together with basic annotation to be useful for applications in computational linguistics, translation studies and cross-linguistic corpus studies. In this paper, we report about new data sets and their features, additional annotation tools and models provided from the website and essential interfaces and on-line services included in the project.

null

73,447

inproceedings

iosif-potamianos-2012-semsim

{S}em{S}im: Resources for Normalized Semantic Similarity Computation Using Lexical Networks

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1247/

Iosif, Elias and Potamianos, Alexandros

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

3499--3504

We investigate the creation of corpora from web-harvested data following a scalable approach that has linear query complexity. Individual web queries are posed for a lexicon that includes thousands of nouns and the retrieved data are aggregated. A lexical network is constructed, in which the lexicon nouns are linked according to their context-based similarity. We introduce the notion of semantic neighborhoods, which are exploited for the computation of semantic similarity. Two types of normalization are proposed and evaluated on the semantic tasks of: (i) similarity judgement, and (ii) noun categorization and taxonomy creation. The created corpus along with a set of tools and noun similarities are made publicly available.

null

73,448

inproceedings

mohamed-etal-2012-annotating

Annotating and Learning Morphological Segmentation of {E}gyptian Colloquial {A}rabic

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1248/

Mohamed, Emad and Mohit, Behrang and Oflazer, Kemal

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

873--877

We present an annotation and morphological segmentation scheme for Egyptian Colloquial Arabic (ECA) in which we annotate user-generated content that significantly deviates from the orthographic and grammatical rules of Modern Standard Arabic and thus cannot be processed by the commonly used MSA tools. Using a per letter classification scheme in which each letter is classified as either a segment boundary or not, and using a memory-based classifier, with only word-internal context, prove effective and achieve a 92{\%} exact match accuracy at the word level. The well-known MADA system achieves 81{\%} while the per letter classification scheme using the ATB achieves 82{\%}. Error analysis shows that the major problem is that of character ambiguity since the ECA orthography overloads the characters which would otherwise be more specific in MSA, like the differences between y ({\`U}) and Y ({\`U}) and A ({\O}{\textsection}) , {\ensuremath{>}} ( {\O}{\textsterling}), and {\ensuremath{<}} ({\O}{\textyen}) which are collapsed to y ({\`U}) and A ({\O}{\textsection}) respectively or even totally confused and interchangeable. While normalization helps alleviate orthographic inconsistencies, it aggravates the problem of ambiguity.

null

73,449

inproceedings

schulz-etal-2012-resource

A Resource-light Approach to Phrase Extraction for {E}nglish and {G}erman Documents from the Patent Domain and User Generated Content

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1249/

Schulz, Julia Maria and Becks, Daniela and Womser-Hacker, Christa and Mandl, Thomas

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

538--543

In order to extract meaningful phrases from corpora (e. g. in an information retrieval context) intensive knowledge of the domain in question and the respective documents is generally needed. When moving to a new domain or language the underlying knowledge bases and models need to be adapted, which is often time-consuming and labor-intensive. This paper adresses the described challenge of phrase extraction from documents in different domains and languages and proposes an approach, which does not use comprehensive lexica and therefore can be easily transferred to new domains and languages. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated on user generated content and documents from the patent domain in English and German.

null

73,450

inproceedings

falco-etal-2012-kitten

{K}itten: a tool for normalizing {HTML} and extracting its textual content

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1250/

Falco, Mathieu-Henri and Moriceau, V{\'e}ronique and Vilnat, Anne

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2261--2267

The web is composed of a gigantic amount of documents that can be very useful for information extraction systems. Most of them are written in HTML and have to be rendered by an HTML engine in order to display the data they contain on a screen. HTML file thus mix both informational and rendering content. Our goal is to design a tool for informational content extraction. A linear extraction with only a basic filtering of rendering content would not be enough as objects such as lists and tables are linearly coded but need to be read in a non-linear way to be well interpreted. Besides these HTML pages are often incorrectly coded from an HTML point of view and use a segmentation of blocks based on blank space that cannot be transposed in a text filewithout confusing syntactic parsers. For this purpose, we propose the Kitten tool that first normalizes HTML file into unicode XHTML file, then extracts the informational content into a text filewith a special processing for sentences, lists and tables.

null

73,451

inproceedings

dima-etal-2012-metadata

A Metadata Editor to Support the Description of Linguistic Resources

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1251/

Dima, Emanuel and Hoppermann, Christina and Hinrichs, Erhard and Trippel, Thorsten and Zinn, Claus

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1061--1066

Creating and maintaining metadata for various kinds of resources requires appropriate tools to assist the user. The paper presents the metadata editor ProFormA for the creation and editing of CMDI (Component Metadata Infrastructure) metadata in web forms. This editor supports a number of CMDI profiles currently being provided for different types of resources. Since the editor is based on XForms and server-side processing, users can create and modify CMDI files in their standard browser without the need for further processing. Large parts of ProFormA are implemented as web services in order to reuse them in other contexts and programs.

null

73,452

inproceedings

rello-gayo-2012-portuguese

A {P}ortuguese-{S}panish Corpus Annotated for Subject Realization and Referentiality

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1252/

Rello, Luz and Gayo, Iria

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

154--157

This paper presents a comparable corpus of Portuguese and Spanish consisting of legal and health texts. We describe the annotation of zero subject, impersonal constructions and explicit subjects in the corpus. We annotated 12,492 examples using a scheme that distinguishes between different linguistic levels (phonology, syntax, semantics, etc.) and present a taxonomy of instances on which annotators disagree. The high level of inter-annotator agreement (83{\%}-95{\%}) and the performance of learning algorithms trained on the corpus show that our corpus is a reliable and useful resource.

null

73,453

inproceedings

dima-etal-2012-repository

A Repository for the Sustainable Management of Research Data

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1253/

Dima, Emanuel and Henrich, Verena and Hinrichs, Erhard and Hinrichs, Marie and Hoppermann, Christina and Trippel, Thorsten and Zastrow, Thomas and Zinn, Claus

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

3586--3592

This paper presents the system architecture as well as the underlying workflow of the Extensible Repository System of Digital Objects (ERDO) which has been developed for the sustainable archiving of language resources within the T{\"ubingen CLARIN-D project. In contrast to other approaches focusing on archiving experts, the described workflow can be used by researchers without required knowledge in the field of long-term storage for transferring data from their local file systems into a persistent repository.

null

73,454

inproceedings

arza-etal-2012-galician

A {G}alician Syntactic Corpus with Application to Intonation Modeling

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1254/

Arza, Montserrat and Garc{\'i}a Miguel, Jos{\'e} M. and Campillo, Francisco and Alonso, Miguel Cuevas -

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1650--1654

This paper will present the design of a Galician syntactic corpus with application to intonation modeling. A corpus of around {\$}3000{\$} sentences was designed with variation in the syntactic structure and the number of accent groups, and recorded by a professional speaker to study the influence on the prosodic structure.

null

73,455

inproceedings

ahmed-etal-2012-reference

A Reference Dependency Bank for Analyzing Complex Predicates

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1255/

Ahmed, Tafseer and Butt, Miriam and Hautli, Annette and Sulger, Sebastian

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

3145--3152

When dealing with languages of South Asia from an NLP perspective, a problem that repeatedly crops up is the treatment of complex predicates. This paper presents a first approach to the analysis of complex predicates (CPs) in the context of dependency bank development. The efforts originate in theoretical work on CPs done within Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG), but are intended to provide a guideline for analyzing different types of CPs in an independent framework. Despite the fact that we focus on CPs in Hindi and Urdu, the design of the dependencies is kept general enough to account for CP constructions across languages.

null

73,456

inproceedings

eckle-kohler-etal-2012-uby

{UBY}-{LMF} {--} A Uniform Model for Standardizing Heterogeneous Lexical-Semantic Resources in {ISO}-{LMF}

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1256/

Eckle-Kohler, Judith and Gurevych, Iryna and Hartmann, Silvana and Matuschek, Michael and Meyer, Christian M.

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

275--282

We present UBY-LMF, an LMF-based model for large-scale, heterogeneous multilingual lexical-semantic resources (LSRs). UBY-LMF allows the standardization of LSRs down to a fine-grained level of lexical information by employing a large number of Data Categories from ISOCat. We evaluate UBY-LMF by converting nine LSRs in two languages to the corresponding format: the English WordNet, Wiktionary, Wikipedia, OmegaWiki, FrameNet and VerbNet and the German Wikipedia, Wiktionary and GermaNet. The resulting LSR, UBY (Gurevych et al., 2012), holds interoperable versions of all nine resources which can be queried by an easy to use public Java API. UBY-LMF covers a wide range of information types from expert-constructed and collaboratively constructed resources for English and German, also including links between different resources at the word sense level. It is designed to accommodate further resources and languages as well as automatically mined lexical-semantic knowledge.

null

73,457

inproceedings

eckart-etal-2012-influence

The Influence of Corpus Quality on Statistical Measurements on Language Resources

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1257/

Eckart, Thomas and Quasthoff, Uwe and Goldhahn, Dirk

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2318--2321

The quality of statistical measurements on corpora is strongly related to a strict definition of the measuring process and to corpus quality. In the case of multiple result inspections, an exact measurement of previously specified parameters ensures compatibility of the different measurements performed by different researchers on possibly different objects. Hence, the comparison of different values requires an exact description of the measuring process. To illustrate this correlation the influence of different definitions for the concepts ''''''``word'''''''' and ''''''``sentence'''''''' is shown for several properties of large text corpora. It is also shown that corpus pre-processing strongly influences corpus size and quality as well. As an example near duplicate sentences are identified as source of many statistical irregularities. The problem of strongly varying results especially holds for Web corpora with a large set of pre-processing steps. Here, a well-defined and language independent pre-processing is indispensable for language comparison based on measured values. Conversely, irregularities found in such measurements are often a result of poor pre-processing and therefore such measurements can help to improve corpus quality.

null

73,458

inproceedings

apidianaki-sagot-2012-applying

Applying cross-lingual {WSD} to wordnet development

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1258/

Apidianaki, Marianna and Sagot, Beno{\^i}t

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

833--840

The automatic development of semantic resources constitutes an important challenge in the NLP community. The methods used generally exploit existing large-scale resources, such as Princeton WordNet, often combined with information extracted from multilingual resources and parallel corpora. In this paper we show how Cross-Lingual Word Sense Disambiguation can be applied to wordnet development. We apply the proposed method to WOLF, a free wordnet for French still under construction, in order to fill synsets that did not contain any literal yet and increase its coverage.

null

73,459

inproceedings

bouillon-etal-2012-annotating

Annotating Qualia Relations in {I}talian and {F}rench Complex Nominals

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1259/

Bouillon, Pierrette and Jezek, Elisabetta and Melloni, Chiara and Picton, Aur{\'e}lie

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1527--1532

The goal of this paper is to provide an annotation scheme for compounds based on generative lexicon theory (GL, Pustejovsky, 1995; Bassac and Bouillon, 2001). This scheme has been tested on a set of compounds automatically extracted from the Europarl corpus (Koehn, 2005) both in Italian and French. The motivation is twofold. On the one hand, it should help refine existing compound classifications and better explain lexicalization in both languages. On the other hand, we hope that the extracted generalizations can be used in NLP, for example for improving MT systems or for query reformulation (Claveau, 2003). In this paper, we focus on the annotation scheme and its on going evaluation.

null

73,460

inproceedings

fishel-etal-2012-terra

{T}erra: a Collection of Translation Error-Annotated Corpora

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1260/

Fishel, Mark and Bojar, Ond{\v{r}}ej and Popovi{\'c}, Maja

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

7--14

Recently the first methods of automatic diagnostics of machine translation have emerged; since this area of research is relatively young, the efforts are not coordinated. We present a collection of translation error-annotated corpora, consisting of automatically produced translations and their detailed manual translation error analysis. Using the collected corpora we evaluate the available state-of-the-art methods of MT diagnostics and assess, how well the methods perform, how they compare to each other and whether they can be useful in practice.

null

73,461

inproceedings

babko-malaya-etal-2012-identifying

Identifying Nuggets of Information in {GALE} Distillation Evaluation

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1261/

Babko-Malaya, Olga and Milette, Greg and Schneider, Michael and Scogin, Sarah

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2322--2327

This paper describes an approach to automatic nuggetization and implemented system employed in GALE Distillation evaluation to measure the information content of text returned in response to an open-ended question. The system identifies nuggets, or atomic units of information, categorizes them according to their semantic type, and selects different types of nuggets depending on the type of the question. We further show how this approach addresses the main challenges for using automatic nuggetization for QA evaluation: the variability of relevant nuggets and their dependence on the question. Specifically, we propose a template-based approach to nuggetization, where different semantic categories of nuggets are extracted dependent on the template of a question. During evaluation, human annotators judge each snippet returned in response to a query as relevant or irrelevant, whereas automatic template-based nuggetization is further used to identify the semantic units of information that people would have selected as relevant' or irrelevant' nuggets for a given query. Finally, the paper presents the performance results of the nuggetization system which compare the number of automatically generated nuggets and human nuggets and show that our automatic nuggetization is consistent with human judgments.

null

73,462

inproceedings

topkaya-erdogan-2012-sutav

{SUTAV}: A {T}urkish Audio-Visual Database

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1262/

Topkaya, Ibrahim Saygin and Erdogan, Hakan

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2334--2337

This paper contains information about the ''''''``Sabanci University Turkish Audio-Visual (SUTAV)'''''''' database. The main aim of collecting SUTAV database was to obtain a large audio-visual collection of spoken words, numbers and sentences in Turkish language. The database was collected between 2006 and 2010 during ''''''``Novel approaches in audio-visual speech recognition'''''''' project which is funded by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK). First part of the database contains a large corpus of Turkish language and contains standart quality videos. The second part is relatively small compared to the first one and contains recordings of spoken digits in high quality videos. Although the main aim to collect SUTAV database was to obtain a database for audio-visual speech recognition applications, it also contains useful data that can be used in other kinds of multimodal research like biometric security and person verification. The paper presents information about the data collection process and the the spoken content. It also contains a sample evaluation protocol and recognition results that are obtained with a small portion of the database.

null

73,463

inproceedings

zablotskiy-etal-2012-speech

Speech and Language Resources for {LVCSR} of {R}ussian

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1263/

Zablotskiy, Sergey and Shvets, Alexander and Sidorov, Maxim and Semenkin, Eugene and Minker, Wolfgang

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

3374--3377

A syllable-based language model reduces the lexicon size by hundreds of times. It is especially beneficial in case of highly inflective languages like Russian due to the abundance of word forms according to various grammatical categories. However, the main arising challenge is the concatenation of recognised syllables into the originally spoken sentence or phrase, particularly in the presence of syllable recognition mistakes. Natural fluent speech does not usually incorporate clear information about the outside borders of the spoken words. In this paper a method for the syllable concatenation and error correction is suggested and tested. It is based on the designed co-evolutionary asymptotic probabilistic genetic algorithm for the determination of the most likely sentence corresponding to the recognized chain of syllables within an acceptable time frame. The advantage of this genetic algorithm modification is the minimum number of settings to be manually adjusted comparing to the standard algorithm. Data used for acoustic and language modelling are also described here. A special issue is the preprocessing of the textual data, particularly, handling of abbreviations, Arabic and Roman numerals, since their inflection mostly depends on the context and grammar.

null

73,464

inproceedings

rodriguez-fuentes-etal-2012-kalaka

{KALAKA}-2: a {TV} Broadcast Speech Database for the Recognition of {I}berian Languages in Clean and Noisy Environments

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1264/

Rodr{\'i}guez-Fuentes, Luis Javier and Penagarikano, Mikel and Varona, Amparo and Diez, Mireia and Bordel, Germ{\'a}n

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

99--105

This paper presents the main features (design issues, recording setup, etc.) of KALAKA-2, a TV broadcast speech database specifically designed for the development and evaluation of language recognition systems in clean and noisy environments. KALAKA-2 was created to support the Albayzin 2010 Language Recognition Evaluation (LRE), organized by the Spanish Network on Speech Technologies from June to November 2010. The database features 6 target languages: Basque, Catalan, English, Galician, Portuguese and Spanish, and includes segments in other (Out-Of-Set) languages, which allow to perform open-set verification tests. The best performance attained in the Albayzin 2010 LRE is presented and briefly discussed. The performance of a state-of-the-art system in various tasks defined on the database is also presented. In both cases, results highlight the suitability of KALAKA-2 as a benchmark for the development and evaluation of language recognition technology.

null

73,465

inproceedings

grimes-etal-2012-automatic

Automatic word alignment tools to scale production of manually aligned parallel texts

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1265/

Grimes, Stephen and Peterson, Katherine and Li, Xuansong

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

2194--2198

We have been creating large-scale manual word alignment corpora for Arabic-English and Chinese-English language pairs in genres such as newsire, broadcast news and conversation, and web blogs. We are now meeting the challenge of word aligning further varieties of web data for Chinese and Arabic ''''''``dialects''''''''. Human word alignment annotation can be costly and arduous. Alignment guidelines may be imprecise or underspecified in cases where parallel sentences are hard to compare -- due to non-literal translations or differences between language structures. In order to speed annotation, we examine the effect that seeding manual alignments with automatic aligner output has on annotation speed and accuracy. We use automatic alignment methods that produce alignment results which are high precision and low recall to minimize annotator corrections. Results suggest that annotation time can be reduced by up to 20{\%}, but we also found that reviewing and correcting automatic alignments requires more time than anticipated. We discuss throughout the paper crucial decisions on data structures for word alignment that likely have a significant impact on our results.

null

73,466

inproceedings

bachan-2012-developing

Developing and evaluating an emergency scenario dialogue corpus

Calzolari, Nicoletta and Choukri, Khalid and Declerck, Thierry and Do{\u{g}}an, Mehmet U{\u{g}}ur and Maegaard, Bente and Mariani, Joseph and Moreno, Asuncion and Odijk, Jan and Piperidis, Stelios

may

2012

Istanbul, Turkey

European Language Resources Association (ELRA)

https://aclanthology.org/L12-1266/

Bachan, Jolanta

Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation ({LREC}`12)

1421--1427

The present paper describes the development and evaluation of the Polish emergency dialogue corpus recorded for studying alignment phenomena in stress scenarios. The challenge is that emergency dialogues are more complex on many levels than standard information negotiation dialogues, different resources are needed for differential investigation, and resources for this kind of corpus are rare. Currently there is no comparable corpus for Polish. In the present context, alignment is meant as adaptation on the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic levels of communication between the two interlocutors, including choice of similar lexical items and speaking style. Four different dialogue scenarios were arranged and prompt speech material was created. Two maps for the map-tasks and one emergency diapix were design to prompt semi-spontaneous dialogues simulating stress and natural communicative situations. The dialogue corpus was recorded taking into account the public character of conversations in the emergency setting. The linguistic study of alignment in this kind of dialogue made it possible to design and implement a prototype of a Polish adaptive dialogue system to support stress scenario communication (not described in this paper).

null

73,467