prognosis/cardio-docs-qa · Datasets at Hugging Face

What did the AHA guidelines recommend to prevent in patients with underlying cardiac conditions?

antimicrobial prophylaxis

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did the AHA guidelines recommend to prevent in patients with underlying cardiac conditions?. ### Response: antimicrobial prophylaxis.

What causes endocarditis?

bacteremia

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What causes endocarditis?. ### Response: bacteremia.

What are viridans group strep-tococci part of?

normal oral flora

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are viridans group strep-tococci part of?. ### Response: normal oral flora.

Enterococci are part of the normal GI and GU tract flora?

viridans group strep-tococci

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Enterococci are part of the normal GI and GU tract flora?. ### Response: viridans group strep-tococci.

What type of antibiotics are recommended for prophylaxis?

antimicrobial

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What type of antibiotics are recommended for prophylaxis?. ### Response: antimicrobial.

What prevents viridansgroup streptococcal or enteroccal experimental endocardi-tis in animals?

antibiotic prophylaxis

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What prevents viridansgroup streptococcal or enteroccal experimental endocardi-tis in animals?. ### Response: antibiotic prophylaxis.

How many poorly documented case reports implicated a dental procedure as a cause of IE?

5

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many poorly documented case reports implicated a dental procedure as a cause of IE?. ### Response: 5.

What is the risk of adverse reactions to an antibiotic in anindividual patient?

low

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the risk of adverse reactions to an antibiotic in anindividual patient?. ### Response: low.

What is high from IE?

morbidity and mortality

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is high from IE?. ### Response: morbidity and mortality.

Why are morbidity and mortality from IE high?

they do not compensate for the lack of published data thatdemonstrate a benefit from prophylaxis

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why are morbidity and mortality from IE high?. ### Response: they do not compensate for the lack of published data thatdemonstrate a benefit from prophylaxis.

What do most of these factors remain valid for?

antimicrobial prophylaxis

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What do most of these factors remain valid for?. ### Response: antimicrobial prophylaxis.

What does GWC stand for?

Evidence ReviewGuideline Writing Committee

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does GWC stand for?. ### Response: Evidence ReviewGuideline Writing Committee.

What do GWC members weigh in relation to tests, treatments, or procedures?

quality of evidence

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What do GWC members weigh in relation to tests, treatments, or procedures?. ### Response: quality of evidence.

In developing recommendations, the GWC uses methodologies based on what?

all available data

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: In developing recommendations, the GWC uses methodologies based on what?. ### Response: all available data.

What do literature searches focus on?

randomized controlled trials

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What do literature searches focus on?. ### Response: randomized controlled trials.

What does RCT stand for?

randomized controlled trials

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does RCT stand for?. ### Response: randomized controlled trials.

When was the RCT downloaded?

April 23, 2023

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the RCT downloaded?. ### Response: April 23, 2023.

On what date did the AHA publish the AIS Guidelines online?

April 18, 2018

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: On what date did the AHA publish the AIS Guidelines online?. ### Response: April 18, 2018.

How many specific recommendations were deleted?

7

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many specific recommendations were deleted?. ### Response: 7.

What was removed from the revised AIS guidelines on April 18, 2018?

7 specific recommendations and all of Section 6, In-Hospital Institution of Secondary Prevention

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was removed from the revised AIS guidelines on April 18, 2018?. ### Response: 7 specific recommendations and all of Section 6, In-Hospital Institution of Secondary Prevention.

Who published the revised AHA Guidelines on December 11, 2017?

the AHA Executive Committee

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who published the revised AHA Guidelines on December 11, 2017?. ### Response: the AHA Executive Committee.

What section of the guideline was the writing group asked to review?

Section 6, In-Hospital Institution of Secondary Prevention

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What section of the guideline was the writing group asked to review?. ### Response: Section 6, In-Hospital Institution of Secondary Prevention.

What was included in the revised guideline?

deleted recommendations

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was included in the revised guideline?. ### Response: deleted recommendations.

When was the revised document submitted?

April 18, 2018

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the revised document submitted?. ### Response: April 18, 2018.

How many participants were in the randomized controlled trials?

>100

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many participants were in the randomized controlled trials?. ### Response: >100.

How many participants were in a published randomized controlled trial?

>100

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many participants were in a published randomized controlled trial?. ### Response: >100.

How many peer reviewers reviewed the document?

14

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many peer reviewers reviewed the document?. ### Response: 14.

Who reviewed the revision of the RCT?

Stroke Council’s Scientific Statements Oversight Committee and the AHA Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who reviewed the revision of the RCT?. ### Response: Stroke Council’s Scientific Statements Oversight Committee and the AHA Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee.

Who reviewed the Stroke Council's Scientific Statements Oversight Committee?

AHA Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who reviewed the Stroke Council's Scientific Statements Oversight Committee?. ### Response: AHA Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee.

Who reviewed RCTs address-ing AIS published between November 2018 and April 2019?

the writing group

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who reviewed RCTs address-ing AIS published between November 2018 and April 2019?. ### Response: the writing group.

What was modified in Section 3.5.6., Recommendation 1?

The document was sent out to 14 peer reviewers. The writing group evaluated the peer reviewers’ comments and revised when appropriate. This revised document was reviewed by Stroke Council’s Scientific Statements Oversight Committee and the AHA Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee. To allow these guidelines to be as timely as possible, RCTs address-ing AIS published between November 2018 and April 2019 were reviewed by the writing group. Modifications of Section 3.5.6., Recommendation 1, Section 3.6., Recommendation 4

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was modified in Section 3.5.6., Recommendation 1?. ### Response: The document was sent out to 14 peer reviewers. The writing group evaluated the peer reviewers’ comments and revised when appropriate. This revised document was reviewed by Stroke Council’s Scientific Statements Oversight Committee and the AHA Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee. To allow these guidelines to be as timely as possible, RCTs address-ing AIS published between November 2018 and April 2019 were reviewed by the writing group. Modifications of Section 3.5.6., Recommendation 1, Section 3.6., Recommendation 4.

How many revisions were made to Section 3.5.6., Recommendation 1, Section 3.6., and Recommandation 4?

14

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many revisions were made to Section 3.5.6., Recommendation 1, Section 3.6., and Recommandation 4?. ### Response: 14.

When was the revised version of the revisions made?

April 18, 2018

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the revised version of the revisions made?. ### Response: April 18, 2018.

What is the name of the group that made the changes?

the AHA Executive Committee

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the group that made the changes?. ### Response: the AHA Executive Committee.

What is the maximum dose ofcandesartan in proteinuric renal disease?

Supramaximal

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the maximum dose ofcandesartan in proteinuric renal disease?. ### Response: Supramaximal.

What does Ruggenenti P, Perticucci E, Cravedi P do in relation to CKD?

remission clinics

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does Ruggenenti P, Perticucci E, Cravedi P do in relation to CKD?. ### Response: remission clinics.

What type of nephropathies are associated with angiotensin convertingenzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism?

indiabetic and nondiabetic

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What type of nephropathies are associated with angiotensin convertingenzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism?. ### Response: indiabetic and nondiabetic.

What is the effect of mineralocorticoid receptorantagonists on proteinuria?

progression of chronic kidney disease

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the effect of mineralocorticoid receptorantagonists on proteinuria?. ### Response: progression of chronic kidney disease.

What is the effect of mineralocorticoid receptorantagonists on proteinuria and progression of chronic kidney disease?

a systematic review and meta-analysis

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the effect of mineralocorticoid receptorantagonists on proteinuria and progression of chronic kidney disease?. ### Response: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BMC Nephrol. 2016;17:127.296.

BMC Nephrol . 2016;17:127 .296. Cross NB, Webster AC, Masson P, et al. Antihypertensive treatment forkidney transplant recipients

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: BMC Nephrol. 2016;17:127.296.. ### Response: BMC Nephrol . 2016;17:127 .296. Cross NB, Webster AC, Masson P, et al. Antihypertensive treatment forkidney transplant recipients.

What is antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients?

remission clinics

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is antihypertensive treatment for kidney transplant recipients?. ### Response: remission clinics.

What is the acronym for Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Transplant WorkGroup?

KDIGO

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the acronym for Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Transplant WorkGroup?. ### Response: KDIGO.

What does KDIGO stand for?

Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does KDIGO stand for?. ### Response: Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes.

What does strict control of blood pressure do in pediatric renal transplant recipients?

improved patient and graft survival

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does strict control of blood pressure do in pediatric renal transplant recipients?. ### Response: improved patient and graft survival.

What are the baseline characteristics of patients from a randomized controlled trial?

blood pressure

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the baseline characteristics of patients from a randomized controlled trial?. ### Response: blood pressure.

What does folic acid do for vascular outcome reduction intransplantation trial?

death

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does folic acid do for vascular outcome reduction intransplantation trial?. ### Response: death.

What is the association of chronic kidney graft failure with recipient blood pressure?

Collaborative transplant study

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the association of chronic kidney graft failure with recipient blood pressure?. ### Response: Collaborative transplant study.

When was the Collaborative transplant study conducted?

1998

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: When was the Collaborative transplant study conducted?. ### Response: 1998.

What is associated with improved patient and graft survival after renaltransplantation?

blood pressure control

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is associated with improved patient and graft survival after renaltransplantation?. ### Response: blood pressure control.

What is the Sci Rep 2019;9:10507.302?

blood pressure control isassociated with improved patient and graft survival after renaltransplantation

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the Sci Rep 2019;9:10507.302?. ### Response: blood pressure control isassociated with improved patient and graft survival after renaltransplantation.

What is BP control for cardiovascular outcomes in SPRINT?

intensive

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is BP control for cardiovascular outcomes in SPRINT?. ### Response: intensive.

What is the name of the study in which Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is performed in kidney transplant patients?

RETENAL

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the study in which Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is performed in kidney transplant patients?. ### Response: RETENAL.

How long does it take to monitor blood pressure in renaltransplant patients?

24-h

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long does it take to monitor blood pressure in renaltransplant patients?. ### Response: 24-h.

What is the name of the longitudinal study?

Long-term blood pressuremonitoring

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the longitudinal study?. ### Response: Long-term blood pressuremonitoring.

How long is it taken for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring?

24-h

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How long is it taken for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring?. ### Response: 24-h.

What are the core outcomedomains for trials in kidney transplantation?

StandardizedOutcomes in Nephrology-Kidney Transplantation ConsensusWorkshops

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the core outcomedomains for trials in kidney transplantation?. ### Response: StandardizedOutcomes in Nephrology-Kidney Transplantation ConsensusWorkshops.

What is the name of the Standardized Outcomes in Nephrology-Kidney Transplantation ConsensusWorkshop?

SONG-Tx

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the Standardized Outcomes in Nephrology-Kidney Transplantation ConsensusWorkshop?. ### Response: SONG-Tx.

Who wrote Performance Measures for ICH e249?

Hemphill et al

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who wrote Performance Measures for ICH e249?. ### Response: Hemphill et al.

What factored into the writing group's deliberations on whether to draft entirely independent and unique performance measures?

Performance Measures for ICH

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What factored into the writing group's deliberations on whether to draft entirely independent and unique performance measures?. ### Response: Performance Measures for ICH.

How many dysphagia measures were created in the 2014 AHA/ASA ischemic stroke performance measures?

2

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many dysphagia measures were created in the 2014 AHA/ASA ischemic stroke performance measures?. ### Response: 2.

What should be adopted for ICH?

existing performance measures on these topics

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What should be adopted for ICH?. ### Response: existing performance measures on these topics.

How many dysphagia measures were created?

2

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many dysphagia measures were created?. ### Response: 2.

How many measures did the NQF endorse?

2

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many measures did the NQF endorse?. ### Response: 2.

What does the measure for dyspha-gia screening require?

passing of a dysphagia screen before oral intake. As of this writing, NQF endorses a measure for dyspha-gia screening before oral intake, but it does not specify a time or require that the dysphagia screen is passed

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does the measure for dyspha-gia screening require?. ### Response: passing of a dysphagia screen before oral intake. As of this writing, NQF endorses a measure for dyspha-gia screening before oral intake, but it does not specify a time or require that the dysphagia screen is passed.

What is not specified in the ICH perfor -mance measure writing group?

a time or require that the dysphagia screen is passed

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is not specified in the ICH perfor -mance measure writing group?. ### Response: a time or require that the dysphagia screen is passed.

What is the name of the group that extensively discussed the exist-ing controversies in dysphagia screening?

ICH perfor -mance measure writing group

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the name of the group that extensively discussed the exist-ing controversies in dysphagia screening?. ### Response: ICH perfor -mance measure writing group.

How many measures from the ischemic stroke set made the most sense?

2

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many measures from the ischemic stroke set made the most sense?. ### Response: 2.

The writing group recognized that the performance measure requiring assessment for rehabili-tation is associated with high compliance already and does not specify what?

the type of rehabilitation services provided

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: The writing group recognized that the performance measure requiring assessment for rehabili-tation is associated with high compliance already and does not specify what?. ### Response: the type of rehabilitation services provided.

What did the writing group feel was important to have?

a performance measure that pertained to rehabilitation services

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What did the writing group feel was important to have?. ### Response: a performance measure that pertained to rehabilitation services.

What is a Class I recommendation in the ICH guidelines?

rehabilitation services

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a Class I recommendation in the ICH guidelines?. ### Response: rehabilitation services.

Why was harmonization with the ischemic stroke set prioritized?

there were no ICH-specific rehabilitation recommendations that superseded this

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why was harmonization with the ischemic stroke set prioritized?. ### Response: there were no ICH-specific rehabilitation recommendations that superseded this.

How many new ICH-specific performance measures are pro-posed as part of the measure set?

Three

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many new ICH-specific performance measures are pro-posed as part of the measure set?. ### Response: Three.

What do these new measures deserve pilot testing to assess?

feasibility and reliability

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What do these new measures deserve pilot testing to assess?. ### Response: feasibility and reliability.

The new measures relate to what?

hospital admission unit, long-term blood pressure management, and corticosteroid use for intracranial pressure management

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: The new measures relate to what?. ### Response: hospital admission unit, long-term blood pressure management, and corticosteroid use for intracranial pressure management.

What is used for intracranial pressure management?

corticosteroid

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is used for intracranial pressure management?. ### Response: corticosteroid.

What is recognized that for ICH specifi-cally, improved outcomes are seen in patients who are man-aged in a specialized hospital neurological intensive care unit?

corticosteroid use for intracranial pressure management

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is recognized that for ICH specifi-cally, improved outcomes are seen in patients who are man-aged in a specialized hospital neurological intensive care unit?. ### Response: corticosteroid use for intracranial pressure management.

What is the effect of a hospital unit in addition to the impact of any specific targeted intervention?

improved outcomes are seen in patients who are man-aged in a specialized hospital neurological intensive care unit or stroke unit. It appears that this effect is in addition to the impact of any 1 specific targeted intervention and may indi-cate that hospital units such as these create a milieu in which overall care is optimized

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the effect of a hospital unit in addition to the impact of any specific targeted intervention?. ### Response: improved outcomes are seen in patients who are man-aged in a specialized hospital neurological intensive care unit or stroke unit. It appears that this effect is in addition to the impact of any 1 specific targeted intervention and may indi-cate that hospital units such as these create a milieu in which overall care is optimized.

What does TJC require of Primary and Comprehensive Stroke Centers?

certified Primary and Comprehensive Stroke Centers have such hospital units

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does TJC require of Primary and Comprehensive Stroke Centers?. ### Response: certified Primary and Comprehensive Stroke Centers have such hospital units.

To avoid failing this measure in this ICH performance measure set, hospitals that do not have such units are required to transfer patients in what setting?

emer -gency setting

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: To avoid failing this measure in this ICH performance measure set, hospitals that do not have such units are required to transfer patients in what setting?. ### Response: emer -gency setting.

What does this emphasize the importance of?

stroke systems of care

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does this emphasize the importance of?. ### Response: stroke systems of care.

What is a poten-tial challenge related to the implementation of this measure?

controversies

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a poten-tial challenge related to the implementation of this measure?. ### Response: controversies.

How many US veterans were included in the 158Acohort study?

860

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many US veterans were included in the 158Acohort study?. ### Response: 860.

What was the GFR of the 860 US veterans with CKD?

o60

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was the GFR of the 860 US veterans with CKD?. ### Response: o60.

How many veterans had a higher mortality rate when systolic BP waso133 mm Hg?

860

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many veterans had a higher mortality rate when systolic BP waso133 mm Hg?. ### Response: 860.

What might not be causal but instead related to atherosclerotic CVD as a co-morbidity?

systolic BP waso133 mm Hg or diastolic BP o65 mm Hg, although itappeared that the association

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What might not be causal but instead related to atherosclerotic CVD as a co-morbidity?. ### Response: systolic BP waso133 mm Hg or diastolic BP o65 mm Hg, although itappeared that the association.

What is most of the relevant evidence with respect to a lowest BP target?

observational

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is most of the relevant evidence with respect to a lowest BP target?. ### Response: observational.

No studies to date have specifically tested what?

a strategy of384

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: No studies to date have specifically tested what?. ### Response: a strategy of384.

How many Kidney International Supplements are there in 2012?

384

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How many Kidney International Supplements are there in 2012?. ### Response: 384.

What is chapter 8 of the Kidney Supplements?

382–387

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is chapter 8 of the Kidney Supplements?. ### Response: 382–387.

Who published the 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Valvular Heart DiseaseCirculation. 2021;143:e72–e227?

Otto et al

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who published the 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Valvular Heart DiseaseCirculation. 2021;143:e72–e227?. ### Response: Otto et al.

What may increase the severity of secondary MR over time because of adverse remodeling of the LV?

a limited but strategically placed wall motion abnormality

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What may increase the severity of secondary MR over time because of adverse remodeling of the LV?. ### Response: a limited but strategically placed wall motion abnormality.

What shape of the regurgitant orifice may underestimate the severity of MR?

crescentic

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What shape of the regurgitant orifice may underestimate the severity of MR?. ### Response: crescentic.

What may underestimate severity because of the flow convergence method?

Doppler methods

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What may underestimate severity because of the flow convergence method?. ### Response: Doppler methods.

What is the definition of severe secondary MR now the same as for primary MR?

ERO ≥0.4 cm2 and regurgitant volume ≥60 mL

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the definition of severe secondary MR now the same as for primary MR?. ### Response: ERO ≥0.4 cm2 and regurgitant volume ≥60 mL.

What does ERO 0.4 cm2 and regurgitant volume 60 mL mean in RCTs of surgical intervention?

≥

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does ERO 0.4 cm2 and regurgitant volume 60 mL mean in RCTs of surgical intervention?. ### Response: ≥.

What is useful to establish the etiology and assess the extent of regional and global LV remodeling?

TTE

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is useful to establish the etiology and assess the extent of regional and global LV remodeling?. ### Response: TTE.

What is useful in patients with chronic secondary MR (Stages B to D)?

TTE

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is useful in patients with chronic secondary MR (Stages B to D)?. ### Response: TTE.

What type of imaging is useful to establish the extent of regional and global LV remodeling?

TTE

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What type of imaging is useful to establish the extent of regional and global LV remodeling?. ### Response: TTE.

What is useful to establish etiology of MR and assess myocardial viability?

noninvasive imaging (stress nuclear/PET, CMR, or stress echocardiography), coronary CT angiography, or coronary arteriography

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is useful to establish etiology of MR and assess myocardial viability?. ### Response: noninvasive imaging (stress nuclear/PET, CMR, or stress echocardiography), coronary CT angiography, or coronary arteriography.

What is indicated in patients with chronic secondary MR with severe symptoms?

TEE

Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is indicated in patients with chronic secondary MR with severe symptoms?. ### Response: TEE.