conversations
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[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does the term \"subscript\" mean?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Small characters set below, and to the left or right of, normal letters or figures."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How are chemical bonds formed?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "When outer electrons are attracted, shared, or moved from one atom to another in order to fill the outer electron shell."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When an atom loses an electon it has a ___________charge"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "positive"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When an atom gains an electron it has a ___________ charge"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "negative"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How do ionic bonds form?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "When one element that wants one or more electrons to fill its outer electron shells is strong enough to take one or more electrons from another element."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When an atom gains or loses an electron it becomes an _____________"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "an ion"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What type of charge does an ion have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "either positive or negative"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "In covalent bonds the electrons are ____________ between two atoms."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "shared - which results in the outer shells of the two atoms overlapping"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How do covalent bonds form?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "When two or more elements want to fill their outer electron shell, but none of the elements are strong enough to \"take\" an electron from any of the other elements."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Atoms that combine with one or more covalent bonds forms a _______________"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "a molecule"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What type of bond is formed when atoms share electrons?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "covalent"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When positively and negatively charged ions attract each other, what type of bond is formed?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "ionic"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is a common compound formed by an ionic bond?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "NaCl - table salt"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is a common compound formed by a covalent bond?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "H2O - Water!"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does the term \"molecule\" mean?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does the term \"compound\" mean?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Metals tend to form ions with a __ charge."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "positive"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Nonmetals tend to form ions with ___ charge."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "negative"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does the term \"valence electron\" mean?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "an electron in the outermost shell of an atom."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does the term \"ion\" mean?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "An atom that has a positive or negative charge."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does the term \"element\" mean?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical changes. (Only has atoms of one type)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what is chemical bonding?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "mutual electrical attraction between nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what do the types of bonds depend on?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "electron configuration and electronegativity"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "why do atoms combine?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "to become more stable"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "relationship between bonding regions and bond energy?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "more bonding regions increase the amount of bond energy"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "relationship between electronegativity differences and bond energy?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "as electronegativity differences increase, bond energy increases"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "which 2 shapes are always polar?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "bent and trigonal pyramidal"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what are intermolecular forces?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "weak forces of attraction between molecules\n鈫抜ntra-(within) and inter-(connects;pulls)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "representative unit of ionic bond?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "formula unit"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "representative unit of covalent bond?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "molecule"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "representative unit of metallic bond?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "atoms"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the name given to the simplest ratio of ions in an ionic compound?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "formula unit"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many electrons are present in the valence level for all noble gases except helium?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "8"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following is a correct description of a metallic property?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "metals are malleable"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the formula for ammonium bromide?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "NH4Br"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How are ionic bonds formed?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "lose of electrons by atoms\ngain of electrons by atoms"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the correct name of Fe2O3?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "iron(III) oxide"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Why are metals described as having a \"sea of electrons\"?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The electrons are free to move between the atoms in a metal"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following is a mixture of elements that has metallic properties?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "an alloy"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Sulfate (SO42-) is a ____________"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "polyatomic anion"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Why is the calcium ion (Ca2+) more stable than the calcium atom (Ca)?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "the noble gas configuration is more stable"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What kind of ion is iodide (I-)?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "monatomic anion"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A positive ion forms when ___________."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "an atom loses one or more valence electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which one of the following classifications of ions in the table contains an error?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "hydroxide"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the charge on a monatomic ion?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "oxidation number"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following groups contain three elements with stable electron configurations?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Helium, xenon, neon"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following statements correctly describes the substance with the formula KI?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "There is a one-to-one ratio of potassium ions to iodide ions."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which statement best describes the properties of sodium chloride?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Liquid sodium chloride is a good conducter of electric current."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following formulas represents a compound whose molecules contain a triple bond?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "N鈮"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Fluorine, F, forms a binary ionic compound with Lithium, Li. What is the name of this compound?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Lithium fluoride"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Ions are formed when an atom ________ or _________ electrons."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "gains, loses"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "________ are located in the outer most/last energy level of an atom."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Valence electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "According to the octet rule, MOST elements are stable when ___________."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "they have 8 valence electrons."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following represents an intermetallic compound?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "ZnCu2"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "According to the VSEPR theory, which shape represents the molecule, CF4?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Tetrahedral"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does the term \"isotope\" mean?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "If there's a change in the number of neutrons, then you have a(n) _____."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What forces hold the three dimensional lattice together?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "electrostatic forces between the cations and and anions"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does the term \"hydrogen\" mean?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "2 electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which particles may be gained, lost or shared by an atom when it forms a chemical bond?\na. protons\nb. electrons\nc. neutrons\nd. nucleons"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "b. electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which kind of energy is stored in a chemical bond?\na. potential\nb. kinetic\nc. activaton\nd. ionization"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "a. potential energy"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which symbol represents an atom in the ground state with the most stable valence electron configuration?\na. B\nb. O\nc. Li\nd. Ne"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "d. Ne"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which electrons are represented by all of the dots?\na. the carbon valence electrons, only\nb. the hydrogen valence electrons, only\nc. the carbon and hydrogen valence electrons\nd. all of the carbon and hydrogen electrons"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "c. the carbon and hydrogen electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which term indicates how strongly an atom attracts the electrons in a chemical bond?\na. alkalinity\nb. atomic mass\nc. electronegativity\nd. activation energy"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "c. electronegativity"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Based on electronegitivity values, which type of elements tends to have the greatest attraction for electrons in a bond?\na. metals\nb. metalloids\nc. nonmetals\nd. noble gases"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "c. nonmetals"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which element has atoms with the greatest attraction for electrons in a chemical bond?\na. beryllium\nb. fluorine\nc. lithium\nd. oxygen"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "b. fluorine"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Based on your reference tables, the atoms of which of these elements have the strongest attraction for electrons in a chemical bond?\na. N\nb. Na\nc. P\nd. Pt"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "a. N"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which type of bonding is usually exhibited when the electonegativity difference between two atoms is 1.1?\na. ionic\nb. covalent\nc. metallic\nd. network"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "b. covalent"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which pair of elements below will form a compound with the greatest ionic character?\na. Pb and F\nb. Ca and O\nc. Na and Cl\nd. Cs and N"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "b. Ca and O"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which compound would most likely have the greatest ionic character?\na. CO\nb. KF\nc. CaO\nd. LiH"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "b. KF"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which type of bond results when one or more valence electrons are transferred from one atom to another?\na. hydrogen bond\nb. ionic bond\nc. nonpolar covalent bond\nd. polar covalent bond"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "b. ionic bond"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which type of bond is found in sodium bromide?\na. colvalent\nb. hydrogen\nc. ionic\nd. metallic"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "c. ionic"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which compound contains ionic compounds?\na. NO\nb. NO2\nc. CaO\nd. CO2"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "c. CaO"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which formula represents an ionic compound?\na. NaCl\nb. N2O\nc. HCl\nd. H2O"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "a. NaCl"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following solids has the highest melting point?\na. H2O(s)\nb.Na2O(s)\nc. LiCl(s)\nd. CO2(s)"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "b. Na2O(s)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which sample is composed of particles arranged in a regular geometric pattern?\na. Cl2(g)\nb. CCl4(l)\nc. LiCl(s)\nd. LiCl(aq)"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "c. LiCl(s)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is tbe total number of electrons shared in a double covalent bond?\na. 1\nb. 2\nc. 3\nd. 4"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "d. 4"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which atoms are most likely to form covalent bonds?\na. metal atoms that share electrons\nb. metal atoms that share protons\nc. nonmetal atoms that share electrons\nd. nonmetal atoms that share protons"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "c. nonmetal atoms that share electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the maximum number of covalent bonds that a carbon atom can form?\na. 1\nb. 2\nc. 3\nd. 4"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "d. 4"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which terms describe a substance that has a low melting point and a poor electrical conductivity?\na. covalent and metallic\nb. covalent and molecular\nc. ionic and molecular\nd. ionic and metallic"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "b. covalent and molecular"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which substance contains metallic bonds?\na. Hg(l)\nb. H2O(l)\nc. NaCl(s)\nd. C6H12O6(s)"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "a. Hg(l)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which type of bonding involves positive ions immersed in a sea of mobile electrons?\na. ionic\nb. nonpolar cvaent\nc. polar covalet\nd. metallic"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "d. metallic"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which substance contains particles held together by metallic bonds?\na. Ni(s)\nb. Ne(s)\nc. N2(s)\nd. I2(s)"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "a. Ni(s)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which type of bond is present in a water molecule?\na. polar covalent\nb. nonpolar covalent\nc. ionic\nd. electrovalent"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "a. polar covalent"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which intermolecular force of attraction accounts for the relatively high boiling point of water?\na hydrogen bonding\nb. covalent bonding\nc. metallic bonding\nc. ionic bonding"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "a. hydrogen bonding"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which statement explans why H2O has a higher boiling point than N2?\na. H2O has a greater molar mass than N2\nB. H2O has less molar mass than N2\nc. H2O has stronger intermolecular forces than N2\nd. H2O has weaker intermolecular foreces than N2"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "c. H2O has stronger intermolecular forces than N2"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "In which system do molecule-ion attractions exist?\na. KCl(s)\nb. KCl(aq)\nc. KCl(l)\nd. KCl(g)"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "b. KCl(aq)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When calcum chloride is dissolved in water, to which end of the adjacent water molecules will a calcium ion be attracted?\na. the oxygen end, which is the negative pole\nb. the oxygen end, which is the positive pole\nc. the hydrogen end, which is the negative pole\nd. the hydrogen end, which is the positive pole"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "a. the oxygen end, which is the negative pole"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does the term \"volume\" mean?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "the amount a space an object occupies, measured in mL"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Why do atoms share electrons in covalent bonds?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "To be stronger"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What atom acquires the most negative charge in a covalent bond with hydrogen?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Fluorine"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How do atoms achieve noble-gas electron configurations in single covalent bonds?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Two atoms share two electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When one atom contributes both bonding electrons in a single covalent bond, the bond is called a(n)?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Coordinate covalent bond"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When two atoms each contributes one bonding electrons in a single bond, the bond is called a(n)?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "?"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When one atoms has a greater pull on shared electrons the concept is called?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Electronegativity?"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When electrons are shared unevenly in a molecule which leads to slight positive and negative charges, the bond can be called?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Polar bond"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the name for P2O3?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Diphosphorus trioxide"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is Chromatography?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Technique used to separate a mixture"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What determines the degree of polarity in a bond?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Electronegativity"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "????Draw and name the following polyatomic ion:"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "So^-2 4= Sulfate"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the diatomic molecules?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "N, O, F, Cl, Br, I, H"
}
] |