conversations
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[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Neutral chlorine atom has 17 protons and electrons and no charge. But when chlorine gains a valence electron it has more electrons than protons so it has a negative charge. Becomes the chloride ion Cl⁻¹ which is an ________"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "anion"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Examples of some other ________:\nO⁻² N⁻³ F⁻¹"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "anions"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "In a chemical formula, the order is:\nMetal _____ (left) followed by nonmetal _____ (right)"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "metal cation followed by nonmetals anion"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Ionic compound written in the _____ order as they are seen on the periodic table"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "same"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Use location by _______ to determine the charge of the elements"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "groups"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Transition metals have _______ charges (get a ? charge)"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "variable"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Group ___ ions have a ⁺¹ charge"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Group ___ ions have a ⁺² charge"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "2"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Group ___ ions have a ⁺³ charge"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "13"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Group ___ ions have a ⁺⁴ or ⁻⁴ charge"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "14"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Group ___ ions have a ⁻³ charge"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "15"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Group ___ ions have a ⁻² charge"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "16"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Group ___ ions have a ⁻¹ charge"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "17"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Group ___ ions have no charge because of full octet"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "18"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "________ is an exception because it is a cation even though it is a nonmetal due to its location"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Hydrogen"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Carbon does not form an ______"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "anion"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Ionic bonds form ______ or _______"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "crystals or salts"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Atoms form ions in order to have the same number of __________ ________ as the nearest noble gas (octet rule)"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "valence electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "atoms generally want to have _______ valence electrons to meet the octet rule"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "8"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "electrons involved in bonding?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "valence electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Sodium has ____ valence electrons."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "1 (valence electron)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Nitrogen has ___ valence electrons"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "5 (valence electron)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Sulfur has ___ valence electrons"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "6 (valence electron)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Silicon has ___ valence electrons"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "4 (valence electron)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many valence electrons do all neutral halogens (group 7A or 17) have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "7 (valence electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what do the atoms with complete outer energy levels have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "they are stable and do not form bonds"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what does the number of valence electrons determine?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "how an atom will bond"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "in ionic bonds what are the charges??"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "a positive and a negative"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "in covalent bonds what are the charges?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "negative and a negative"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what do atoms with 1-3 valence electrons have for ionization energy?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "low ionization energy (easy)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what do atoms with 5-8 valence electrons have for ionization energy?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "high ionization energy (difficult)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what do atoms with 5-7valence electrons have for electron affinity?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "high electron affinity"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what do atoms with 1-3 valence electrons have for electron affinity?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "low electron affinity"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what do both electron affinity and ionization energy do on the periodic table??"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "increase as you go from left to right on the periodic table"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what are some characteristics of metals??"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "malleable and ductile- the atoms slide one by one another easily, but attractions between the atoms hold the metal together \n- Shiny- the electrons move in and out of orbits easily and reflects back the light that hits them \n- Good Conductors of Electricity"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "do helium and chlorine bond??"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "NO!- because noble gases dont bond ANYTHING!!"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Sodium wants to lose_______ electrons to become isoelectronic with neon"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "one"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When magnesium gets the same electron configuration as Ne it has ______ charge"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "+2"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A _______ covalent bond consist of 2 shared electrons"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "single"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The ________ says that most atoms want 8 electrons in their outermost shell. (except for H and He)"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "octet rule"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "In ionic bonding, the two ways atoms can get the same configuration as a noble gas is by _______ or ________"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "gaining or losing"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "In covalent bonding, atoms ______ electrons"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "share"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Atoms in group 15 will ________ three electrons to get a -3 charge"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "gain"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Molecules with 5 atoms, like CH4, will have a _____ shape."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "tethanedral"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "VSEPR theory stands for the ________ theory."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "valence shell electron pair repulison"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Ar and Cl^-1 have the same electron configuration, so they are ________ with each other"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "isoelectronic"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "_______ is the only noble gas with 3 valence electrons"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "helium"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Ionic compounds are made up of _______, which are very large structures consisting of alternating + and - ions"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "crystals"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When atoms lose electrons they get a _______ charge"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "positive"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When nitrogen bonds covalently it makes a total of _______bonds"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "3"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Metals are _______ which means they can be hammered into different shapes"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "malleable"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "________ is the only element in group 1 to bond covalently"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "hydrogen"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Molecules with a trigonal bipyramid shape have a total of _____ atoms in the molecule"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "6"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The difference between the trigonal planar and pyramid shapes is that the ________ shape has a unshared pair of electrons on the central atom"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "pyramid"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A double covalent bond consist of ________ shared electrons"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "4"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The 2 types of bonding are _____ and ______"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "covalent and ionic"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "In a _____ covalent bond, electrons are shared unequally"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "polar"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many electrons will K lose or gain to attain a noble gas configuration?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "-1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What charge will K have when it loses or gains electrons?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "+1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What noble gas is K now isoelectronic with?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "argon"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How many electrons will N lose or gain to attain a noble gas configuration?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "+3"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "It K and N bonded together, what would the formula be for the compound they form?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "K3N"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are valence electrons and why are they important in chemistry?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Electrons located in the outermost energy level. They are responsible for bonding."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Instead of forming molecules, ionic compounds form ________ which are 3 dimensional arrays of positive and negative ions in a repeating pattern."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "crystals"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The chemical formula for an ionic compound is arranged in the smallest whole-number ratio is known as a ________ formula."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "empirical"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The formula for an ionic compound always indicates the ________ whole number ratio of positive to negative ions within the crystal."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "smallest"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in the _______ state, but do conduct electricity in the _______ and _______ states."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "solid, liquid, aqueous"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the difference between single, double, and triple covalent bonds?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The difference between the types of bonds is: a single bond is two shared electrons, a double is four shared electrons, and a triple is six shared electrons."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does the VSEPR theory state?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "This theory states that electrons pairs will repel each other in order to try to get as far away from each other as possible. This theory determines the shape of a molecule."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is a polar bond?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A covalent bond where the electrons are shared unequally."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "In a polar bond, which atom will hold the electrons closer to itself?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The more electronegative atom."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is a non-polar bond?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A covalent bond where the electrons are shared equally."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How does one determine if a molecule is polar or non-polar?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Look at the symmetry of the molecule:\n1. If everything connected to the central atom is the same it is non-polar.\n2. If everything connected to the central atom is not the same it is polar."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "________ have high melting points"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Ionic compounds"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Why can a hydrogen atom form a covalent bond without fulfilling the octet rule?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Hydrogen's valence shell can hold only up to two electrons."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What best explains whether bromine (Br) or neon (Ne) is more likely to form a covalent bond?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Bromine forms covalent bonds because it has seven valence electrons, but neon has eight valence electrons and already fulfills the octet rule."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The compound cyanogen (CN)2 has covalent bonds shown in this diagram. How many electrons are shared between one nitrogen atom and one carbon atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "six"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The compound ethylene (C2H4) is represented by this diagram. What statement best describes the arrangement of the atoms in an ethylene molecule?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Two electrons are shared between each hydrogen atom and the carbon atom bonded to it, and four electrons are shared between the carbon atoms."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "In carbon dioxide (CO2), there are two oxygen atoms for each carbon atom. Each oxygen atom forms a double bond with carbon, so the molecule is formed by two double bonds sharing ________________"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "eight electrons."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which elements can join with other elements to form covalent bonds? Check all that apply."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "carbon (C)\nhydrogen (H)\niodine (I)\nnitrogen (N)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does the term \"stable\" mean?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "What is the ultimate goal of atoms? Answer: to become _________"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following atoms is never found with more than an octet of valence electrons around it: S, C, P, Br?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Carbon"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which is predicted to have the shorter sulfur-oxygen bonds, SO3 or SO32-?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "SO3"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are ionic compounds?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "compounds composed of cations and anions"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What do ionic compounds usually consist of?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "metal cations and nonmetal anions"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Why are ionic compounds usually neutral?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "the pos. charge of cations equal the neg. charge of anions"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Do anion and cations attract each other?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "yes, they're opposite charges (opposites attract)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are ionic bonds?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "forces that hold ions together in ionic compounds"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How do chemists represent the composition of substances?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "by writing chemical formulas"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what do chemical formulas show?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "the kind and number of atoms in the smallest representative unit of a substance"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what is a formula unit?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "the lowest whole-number ration of ions in an ionic compound"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what form are ionic compounds at room temperature?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "crystalline solids"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Do ionic compounds have high melting points?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "yes"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "how are component ions in arranged?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "repeating 3d patterns"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "what is the composition of a crystal of sodium chloride?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "ea. sodium ion is surrounded by 6 chloride ions, and ea. chloride ion is surrounded by 6 sodium ions; ea. ion is strongly attached to each of its neighbors & repulsions are minimized"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is a coordination number?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "the number of ions of opposite charge that surround the ion in a crystal"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When can ionic compounds conduct an electric current?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "when melted or dissolved in water"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What happens when an ionic compound is melted?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "the orderly crystal structure breaks down, and if a voltage is applied, cations migrate freely to one electrode & anions migrate to the other"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What happens when an ionic compound is dissolved in water?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "ions are free to move about in the aqueous solution, also able to conduct an electric current (like salt)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which type of bonding has elements SHARING electrons?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "covalent"
}
] |