conversations
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[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "In general, elements on the___________ of a group have a greater attraction for electrons than the elements at the ____________ of a group have."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "top, bottom"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When atoms form a polar covalent bond, the atom with the greater attraction for electrons has a partial _______________ charge."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "negative"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are 2 factors that determine polar or non polar?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "-The type of atoms in the molecule \n-The shape of the molecule"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What's in a covalent bond?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "2 non metals"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does the term \"proton\" mean?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "positively charged (+) subatomic particle"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does the term \"neutron\" mean?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "neutral (0) subatomic particle"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does the term \"electron\" mean?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "negatively charged (-) subatomic particle"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does the term \"atom\" mean?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "the smallest piece of an element that has all the element's properties"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Nonmetals of unequal strength do not share electrons ______."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Equally"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Why do most atoms form chemical bonds in terms of stability and potential energy?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Nature favors arrangements in which potential energy is minimized; this means most of atoms are less stable existing by themselves than when they are combined"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is meant by the term polar?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Bonds that have an uneven distribution of charge"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the two ways you can determine what kind of bond a compound contains?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": ""
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How does a polar bond differ from a nonpolar bond?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": ""
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is one property of ionic bonds?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Cohesive forces between the atoms depend on the charge on the atoms; the higher the charge, the stronger the bond between them.\n\nConduct electricity in molten form or in a solution."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which rule states that atoms with small atomic numbers tend to form bonds with other atoms so they can have eight electrons in their valence shell?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "outer octet rule"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Ionic bonding is associated with all except which of the following?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "spectrum theory.\none atom sticks to the shell of another."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Formal charge is considered to be which of the following?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The total net charge of an ion."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Chemical bonds include which of the following?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Hydrogen\nIonic"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A ___ charge or pole is defined by charges on either side of the ion not being complete."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "partial"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which is a type of chemical property?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "half life\nchemical stability"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Types of chemical bonds include all except which of the following?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Noncovalent\nElectronegative\nAcceptor"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following is not associated with hydrogen bonding?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "two atoms share an unequal number of electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When forming chemical ___ , atoms can share, donate, or accept electrons."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "bonds"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is one property of covalent bonds?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Based on the sharing of a valence electron by two atoms to complete their valence shell.\n\nA hydrogen atom and another hydrogen atom form the simplest type of this bond.\n\nIllustrated by the Lewis Dot formula"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is one property of polar bonds?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Have bond dipole moments\nTwo atoms share an unequal number of electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A hydrogen atom and a highly electronegative atom will form a ___ bond."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "hydrogen"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The outer octet rule does not apply to one element. ___ is that element."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Hydrogen"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which of the following is considered a physical property?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "the point at which something boils"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A cation is an ion with a ___ charge after losing one or more electrons."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "positive"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does the term \"period\" mean?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "tell you the number of energy levels"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does the term \"nitrogen\" mean?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "What element is in the same period as Beryllium and same group as Phosphorous?"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Why do atoms bond together?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "To become stable and have a full outer shell"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What elements form ionic bonds?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Metal and nonmetal"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What attraction hold an ionic bond together?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Electrostatic"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What type of structure do ionic compounds have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Crystal lattice"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What type of elements form covalent bonds?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Nonmetals only"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What type of structure do covalent compounds have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Individual molecule"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What type of elements form metallic bonds?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Metals only"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How do metallic bonds form?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Attraction of free floating valence electrons between positively charged metal ions"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What type of structure do metallic substances have?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Metallic cations with a sea of electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What type of bond is the strongest?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Covalent"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which bond is the strongest?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Triple"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What are the three characteristics of Ionic Compunds?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "They form salts, are made by ionic bonds, and are composed of cations and anions"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is a covalent compound?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Made of two anions (negatives)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What state is Sodium Chloride at room temperature?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Solid"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How can an Ionic Compound conduct electricity?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Through the passage of electrons when in its liquid form (melted or dissolved in water)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Why do Ionic compounds make good conductors of electricity?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Mobile electrons pass electricity"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "An Ionic bond is a bond between what 2 ions?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Cation and Anion"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the Octet Rule? Example?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Every element wants 8 valence electrons (draw octopus for extra credit)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is a valence electron?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Electrons in the outer most energy level"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is an Ionic Bond?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "A chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions. The complete transfer of valence electrons between atoms"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How does Magnesium obey the octet rule? Sulfur?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Mg: L2\nS: G2"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What is the net charge of the compound Sodium Chloride?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "(NaCl)\n0\nNeutral"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "In Potassium Sulphide, what is the cation and what is the anion?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Anion: S-2\nCation: K+1"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "How are Ionic Bonds formed and what is the attractive force within an ionic bond?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Ionic bonds are formed with two or more elements chemically combined when anions and cations attract and combine and exchange electrons"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The given diagram represents the atomic structure of potassium which contains a total of 19 electrons. If you look closely , the valence electron is likely to be ______. Then, potassium is likely to attain a _____ and is represented as ______. Atoms that are likely to donate electrons are called ______ and those that accept electrons are called _____."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Donated , positive charge , K+ , cations , anions"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Sodium has an atomic number of 11. It gives away the electron in the valence shell. It is now referred to as sodium____"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Cation"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Surface tension occurs when water molecules form a weak bond with each other, allowing a small bug to walk across the surface of a puddle. These bonds are referred to as _____ bonds"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Hydrogen"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The bond formed when two atoms share at least one electron equally is known as a/an ____ bond"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Nonpolar bond"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "An atom that has given away or gained an electron is referred to as a /an ____"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Ion"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Lithium has an atomic number of 3. If it ionizes, it will be a/an ____\\"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Cation"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Table salt is sodium and chloride. When mixed with water , it separates easily into cations and anions. Salt therefore uses ____ bonds"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Ionic"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The backbone of a glucose molecule is composed of carbon atoms which share electrons equally , with double bonds known as ____ bonds"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Nonpolar bonds"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A hydrogen atom which becomes ionizes is called a/an _____ , although it is also called a proton"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Cation"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "In the body, the anions and cations are collectively known as ____, because these dissolved ions are able to transmit electrical activity needed by neurons and muscles"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Electrolytes"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A candle's wick is the fabric string that holds the flame, and it burns down at a constant slow pace when the candle is lit. The wick is usually surrounded by wax.\n\nWhich is the most important property of covalent compounds that makes them useful for making candle wax?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "a low melting point"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Walls made of paraffin wax, a covalent compound, help keep the temperature in a room steady as night changes into day and day into night. What is the most important property of covalent compounds that allows paraffin wax to help keep a room's temperature level?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The wall would absorb extra heat during the day when the sun is out, then release the heat back into the room when the sun goes down ."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What best explains how two oxygen atoms, each with six valence electrons, can bond with each other?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Each atom can share two electrons with the other so that each atom has eight valence electrons n"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The compound cyanogen (CN)2 has covalent bonds shown in this diagram. \n\n\nHow many electrons are shared between one nitrogen atom and one carbon atom?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "six"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which is most likely a covalent compound?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "CF4"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The compound ethylene (C2H4) is represented by this diagram.\n\n\nWhat statement best describes the arrangement of the atoms in an ethylene molecule?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Two electrons are shared between each hydrogen atom and the carbon atom bonded to it, and four electrons are shared between the carbon atoms"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What does the term \"atomic mass\" mean?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The mass of an atom, measured in AMUs."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "MgCl2 is this ionic or covalent?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Ionic"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What do you need to write an ionic compound's chemical formula?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "the non-metal ion, the metal ion, and the charges of the non-metal and metal ions"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "What's the overall charge of an ionic compound (formula unit)?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Zero; the number of electrons lost must equal the number of electrons gained"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "When are roman numerals used?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "whenever metals with variable charges are used; these are mostly the transitional elements in groups 3-12 (with a couple exceptions)."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Why do atoms form chemical bonds?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Atoms form chemical bonds because they want a lower energy and more stable electron configuration. (p. 149)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Why does the octet rule not always refer to a stable arrangement of eight valence electrons?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The first four or five elements usually bond to attain the electron configuration of helium, which has only two valance electrons, and transitions often share more than their eight valance electrons. (p. 149)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Which one of these three bond types is distinctly different from the other two? Explain why this is so."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "The metallic bond is distinctly different from a covalent and ionic bonds. Metallic bonding involves atoms sharing electrons among many atoms. Covenant and ionic bonds depend on the electronegativity differences between atoms and the sharing of electrons to a greater or less or extent between just a few atoms."
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Why does hydrogen act like a group 17 element one forming covalent bonds?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Hydrogen needs only one electron to complete its balance electron shell and is a diatomic element, similar to a group 17. (pp. 153-154)"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "? bonds are chemical bonds formed when 2 atoms share electrons"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Covalent"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Covalent bonds are usually formed between to ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Non-metals"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Covalent bonds form ?"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Molecules"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "? is a neutral group of atoms formed by a covalent bond"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Molecule"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A ? bond is when two atoms share 2 pairs of electrons"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Double"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "A ? bond is when two atoms share 3 pairs of electrons"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Triple"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Molecular compounds formed by covalent bonds have ? conductivity meaning they do not conduct electric current."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Poor"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Molecular compounds formed by covalent bonds have ? melting and boiling points because forces that hold the molecules together are weak and little energy is required to separate the molecules."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Low"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The _________ are on the left side of the periodic table"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "metals"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The __________ are on the right side of the periodic table"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "nonmetals"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Ionic bonds form between ________"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "metals and nonmetals"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Oppositely charged ions ________"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "attract"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The letter t in cation resembles a + sign which indicates that it is __________ charged"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "positively"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Metals are on the left side of the periodic table and are ions called ____________"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "cations"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "The letter n in anion indicates that it is ____________ charged"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "negatively"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Nonmetals are on the right side of the periodic table and form ions called __________"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "anions"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "All metal atoms form ____________ (positively charged ions) by losing valence electrons to empty their outer orbital"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "cations"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Neutral sodium atom has 11 protons and electrons and no charge. But then it loses an electron so it has more protons than electrons and becomes a ________ called Na⁺¹"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "cation"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Examples of other _________:\nCa⁺² Fe⁺³ Ag⁺¹"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "cations"
}
] |
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "All nonmetal atoms on the right side of the periodic table form _________ (negatively charged ions) by gaining valence electrons to fill their outer orbital."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "anions"
}
] |