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22 See Susmita Dasgupta, Paul Martin and Hussain A. Samad, “Addressing household air pollution. Acase study in rural Madagascar”, Policy Research Working Paper No. 6627 (Washington, D.C.,World Bank, 2013).
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22 See Susmita Dasgupta, Paul Martin and Hussain A. Samad, “Addressing household air pollution. A case study in rural Madagascar”, Policy Research Working Paper No. 6627 (Washington, D.C., World Bank, 2013).
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23 United Nations Children’s Fund and WHO, “Progress on sanitation and drinking water: 2015 updateand MDG assessment”, p. 67.
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23 United Nations Children’s Fund and WHO, “Progress on sanitation and drinking water: 2015 update and MDG assessment”, p. 67.
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24 Ibid., p. 66.
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24 Ibid., p. 66.
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protected area coverage, from 1.7 million to 6 million hectares. In 2014, the Governmentreported that the pledge had been more than accomplished: the areas under legal protectionhad grown to 6.9 million hectares, nearly 12 per cent of the area of the country.25
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protected area coverage, from 1.7 million to 6 million hectares. In 2014, theGovernment reported that the pledge had been more than accomplished: the areas under legal protection had grown to 6.9 million hectares, nearly 12 per cent of the area of the country.25
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27. The Government has reported that between 2000 and 2005, the deforestation ratewithin protected areas was 0.12 per cent a year, about one fifth of that of non-protectedforests. Between 2005 and 2010, the rate increased to 0.2 per cent, however, possiblyshowing the difficulty of managing the transition to a larger expanse of protected areas.27Nevertheless, while forest cover continues to decrease,28 the overall rate of deforestation inthe country has slowed significantly, from 0.83 per cent during the 1990s to 0.53 per centbetween 2000 and 2005 and 0.4 per cent between 2005 and 2010.29 This is an admirableachievement, especially compared to many countries that are still struggling to reduce theirrate of deforestation. However, as the Government states, “Even if it is lower than the ratein the world for tropical forests, this deforestation level is alarming for Madagascar wherenatural forest cover is less than 12% of the territory”.
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27. The Government has reported that between 2000 and 2005, the deforestation rate within protected areas was 0.12 per cent a year, about one fifth of that of non-protected forests. Between 2005 and 2010, the rate increased to 0.2 per cent, however, possibly showing the difficulty of managing the transition to a larger expanse of protected areas.27 Nevertheless, while forest cover continues to decrease,28 the overall rate of deforestation in the country has slowed significantly, from 0.83 per cent during the 1990s to 0.53 per cent between 2000 and 2005 and 0.4 per cent between 2005 and 2010.29 This is an admirable achievement, especially compared to many countries that are still struggling to reduce their rate of deforestation. However, as the Government states, “Even if it is lower than the rate in the world for tropical forests, this deforestation level is alarming for Madagascar where natural forest cover is less than 12% of the territory”.
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natural forest cover is less than 12% of the territory”.30
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30
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B. Community participation in the protection of biodiversity
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B. Community participation in the protection of biodiversity
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34. The Special Rapporteur visited a park in Andasibe that is managed by a communityassociation, VOI MMA. Its members are not merely implementing predesigned plans;rather, they are independent decision-makers in natural resources management. He saw thecare with which the community members monitor critically endangered species such as theindri, protect against unlawful logging, maintain a plant nursery, plant seedlings andremove invasive eucalyptus trees. The protection of biodiversity by the communityassociation helps to decrease pressure on nearby protected areas, including theAnalamazaotra Special Reserve and the Andasibe-Manatadia National Park. In addition tothe environmental benefits, the community park has also improved the local economy.Since the community took over the management, the number of paying visitors to its parkhas greatly increased, from about 1,000 in 2011 to 4,600 in 2015.
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34. The Special Rapporteur visited a park in Andasibe that is managed by a community association, VOI MMA. Its members are not merely implementing predesigned plans; rather, they are independent decision-makers in natural resources management. He saw the care with which the community members monitor critically endangered species such as the indri, protect against unlawful logging, maintain a plant nursery, plant seedlings and remove invasive eucalyptus trees. The protection of biodiversity by the community association helps to decrease pressure on nearby protected areas, including the Analamazaotra Special Reserve and the Andasibe-Manatadia National Park. In addition to the environmental benefits, the community park has also improved the local economy. Since the community took over the management, the number of paying visitors to its park has greatly increased, from about 1,000 in 2011 to 4,600 in 2015.
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32 See Jacques Pollini and others, “The transfer of natural resource management rights to localcommunities”, in Conservation and Environmental Management in Madagascar, p. 172.
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32 See Jacques Pollini and others, “The transfer of natural resource management rights to local communities”, in Conservation and Environmental Management in Madagascar, p. 172.
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36. The Special Rapporteur was impressed by many other examples of efforts byMalagasy communities, associations and individuals to protect the environment. There aretoo many to list them all here, but notable examples include: Alliance Voahary Gasy, whichbrings together many Malagasy environmental organizations into a network forinformation-sharing and coordination; project ALARM (Application de la Loi contre lesAbus sur les Ressources naturelles de Madagascar), which addresses the illegal trade intortoises and has contributed to the arrest of nine traffickers since August 2016; the AnjaCommunity Reserve, another community-run conservation area famous for its ring-tailedlemurs; the Turtle Survival Alliance, which provides a temporary home for illegallytrafficked tortoises seized by the government and which received 3,000 radiated tortoises in2015 alone;34 and Blue Ventures, which has worked in the Velondriake locally managedmarine area to integrate community-based reproductive health services with local marineconservation initiatives.35
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36. The Special Rapporteur was impressed by many other examples of efforts by Malagasy communities, associations and individuals to protect the environment. There are too many to list them all here, but notable examples include: Alliance Voahary Gasy, which brings together many Malagasy environmental organizations into a network for information-sharing and coordination; project ALARM (Application de la Loi contre les Abus sur les Ressources naturelles de Madagascar), which addresses the illegal trade in tortoises and has contributed to the arrest of nine traffickers since August 2016; the Anja Community Reserve, another community-run conservation area famous for its ring-tailed lemurs; the Turtle Survival Alliance, which provides a temporary home for illegally trafficked tortoises seized by the government and which received 3,000 radiated tortoises in 2015 alone;34 and Blue Ventures, which has worked in the Velondriake locally managed marine area to integrate community-based reproductive health services with local marine conservation initiatives.35
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C. Local capacity-building in the context of mining
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C. Local capacity-building in the context of mining
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37. States have obligations to adopt legal frameworks that protect against, and respondto, environmental harm that interferes with the enjoyment of human rights (seeA/HRC/25/53, para. 47). Under the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights,those obligations include duties to protect against human rights abuses by businesses, andbusinesses themselves have a responsibility to respect human rights (A/HRC/17/31, annex).
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37. States have obligations to adopt legal frameworks that protect against, and respond to, environmental harm that interferes with the enjoyment of human rights (see A/HRC/25/53, para. 47). Under the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, those obligations include duties to protect against human rights abuses by businesses, and businesses themselves have a responsibility to respect human rights (A/HRC/17/31, annex).
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39. The largest mining project in Madagascar is the Ambatovy mine, which is operatedby Sherritt International Corporation, a Canadian company, and owned by a consortium ofSherritt (40 per cent), Sumitomo Corporation (32.5 per cent), and Korea ResourcesCorporation (27.5 per cent). The operation extracts red earth from an open pit mine 24kilometres from Moramanga and conveys it as slurry through a 220-kilometre undergroundpipeline to a processing plant near the port of Toamasina on the eastern coast. There, nickeland cobalt are refined and shipped to the global market. Ambatovy is the largest foreigninvestment in Madagascar, with a total cost of about 8 billion dollars. It employsapproximately 7,500 people in the country, over 90 per cent of whom are Malagasy. In2013, refined nickel became Madagascar’s top export product, bringing in about 1 billiondollars annually in foreign currency.40. The footprint of the mine is 1,600 hectares, in an environmentally sensitive area.
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39. The largest mining project in Madagascar is the Ambatovy mine, which is operated by Sherritt International Corporation, a Canadian company, and owned by a consortium of Sherritt (40 per cent), Sumitomo Corporation (32.5 per cent), and Korea Resources Corporation (27.5 per cent). The operation extracts red earth from an open pit mine 24 kilometres from Moramanga and conveys it as slurry through a 220-kilometre underground pipeline to a processing plant near the port of Toamasina on the eastern coast. There, nickel and cobalt are refined and shipped to the global market. Ambatovy is the largest foreign investment in Madagascar, with a total cost of about 8 billion dollars. It employs approximately 7,500 people in the country, over 90 per cent of whom are Malagasy. In 2013, refined nickel became Madagascar’s top export product, bringing in about 1 billion dollars annually in foreign currency.
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Ambatovy has committed to “no net loss” of biodiversity and ecosystem services byfollowing the widely accepted “mitigation hierarchy”, which requires (a) the avoidance ofharm to the extent possible; (b) the minimization of unavoided harm; (c) the restoration of33 Antonie Kraemer, “Whose forests, whose voices? Mining and community-based nature conservationin southeastern Madagascar”, Madagascar Conservation and Development, vol. 7, No. 2 (2012), p.95.34 See “The top-secret tortoise sanctuary of Madagascar”, BBC News (16 August 2016).35 Laura Robson and Fanjavola Rakotozafy, “The freedom to choose: integrating community-basedreproductive health services with locally led marine conservation initiatives in southwestMadagascar,” Madagascar Conservation and Development, vol. 10, No. 1 (2015). This effort led to anational network promoting integrated health-environment initiatives. See www.phemadagascar.org.ecosystems that have been harmed; and (d) the offset of residualharmful effects withpositive actions.36 To ensure that the “no net loss” goal is satisfied, at least three conditionsmust be met: biodiversity gains must be comparable to the losses that remain afteravoidance, minimization and restoration; they must be “additional to outcomes that wouldhave resulted in the absence of an offset”; and they must be lasting.37
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40. The footprint of the mine is 1,600 hectares, in an environmentally sensitive area. Ambatovy has committed to “no net loss” of biodiversity and ecosystem services by following the widely accepted “mitigation hierarchy”, which requires (a) the avoidance of harm to the extent possible; (b) the minimization of unavoided harm; (c) the restoration of 33 Antonie Kraemer, “Whose forests, whose voices? Mining and community-based nature conservation in southeastern Madagascar”, Madagascar Conservation and Development, vol. 7, No. 2 (2012), p. 95. 34 See “The top-secret tortoise sanctuary of Madagascar”, BBC News (16 August 2016). 35 Laura Robson and Fanjavola Rakotozafy, “The freedom to choose: integrating community-based reproductive health services with locally led marine conservation initiatives in southwest Madagascar,” Madagascar Conservation and Development, vol. 10, No. 1 (2015). This effort led to a national network promoting integrated health-environment initiatives. See www.phemadagascar.org. ecosystems that have been harmed; and (d) the offset of residual harmful effects with positive actions.36 To ensure that the “no net loss” goal is satisfied, at least three conditions must be met: biodiversity gains must be comparable to the losses that remain after avoidance, minimization and restoration; they must be “additional to outcomes that would have resulted in the absence of an offset”; and they must be lasting.37
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43. A study of the perceptions of communities near some of the conservation areasreveals mixed feelings.38 The authors of the study concluded that, in general, “the type ofdevelopment activities provided by Ambatovy were well received locally and wellimplemented, with a high proportion of respondents feeling that they delivered benefits or
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43. A study of the perceptions of communities near some of the conservation areas reveals mixed feelings.38 The authors of the study concluded that, in general, “the type of development activities provided by Ambatovy were well received locally and well implemented, with a high proportion of respondents feeling that they delivered benefits or had the potential to deliver benefits in the future.”
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44. The Special Rapporteur urges Ambatovy and the community associations withwhich it partners to take these concerns into account as they proceed with their valuable36 See “Ambatovy 2015 sustainability report”, available from www.ambatovy.com/docs/. Ambatovy hasalso committed to other standards, including the Equator Principles.37 Toby A. Gardner and others, “Biodiversity offsets and the challenge of achieving no net loss”,Conservation Biology, vol. 27, No. 6 (August 2013).38 Cécile Bidaud and others, “The sweet and the bitter: intertwined positive and negative social impactsof a biodiversity offset”, Conservation and Society, vol. 15, No. 1 (January-March 2017).39 Ibid., p. 11.40 Ibid.programmes. He believes that they are well positioned to do so. He was impressed with thecommitment of the Ambatovy employees he met in Moramanga who work on communitysupport. Finally, it appears from anecdotal evidence, at least, that Ambatovy has been opento hearing the concerns of local communities. For example, the mayor of Andasibe told the
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44. The Special Rapporteur urges Ambatovy and the community associations with which it partners to take these concerns into account as they proceed with their valuable 36 See “Ambatovy 2015 sustainability report”, available from www.ambatovy.com/docs/. Ambatovy has also committed to other standards, including the Equator Principles. 37 Toby A. Gardner and others, “Biodiversity offsets and the challenge of achieving no net loss”, Conservation Biology, vol. 27, No. 6 (August 2013). 38 Cécile Bidaud and others, “The sweet and the bitter: intertwined positive and negative social impacts of a biodiversity offset”, Conservation and Society, vol. 15, No. 1 (January-March 2017). 39 Ibid., p. 11. 40 Ibid. programmes. He believes that they are well positioned to do so. He was impressed with the commitment of the Ambatovy employees he met in Moramanga who work on community support. Finally, it appears from anecdotal evidence, at least, that Ambatovy has been open to hearing the concerns of local communities. For example, the mayor of Andasibe told the Special Rapporteur that Ambatovy responded promptly and at a high level to his concerns.
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V. Issues of concern
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41 V. Issues of concern
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46. The present section addresses four environmental issues that particularly implicatehuman rights: (a) climate change; (b) mining conflicts; (c) illegal logging and trafficking;and (d) environmental human rights defenders. This is not an exhaustive list, but these
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46. The present section addresses four environmental issues that particularly implicate human rights: (a) climate change; (b) mining conflicts; (c) illegal logging and trafficking; and (d) environmental human rights defenders. This is not an exhaustive list, but these issues were all raised by multiple interlocutors during the visit.
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A. Climate change
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A. Climate change
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41 Another major mining project in Madagascar is the ilmenite mine near Fort Dauphin, in southeastMadagascar, owned and operated by QIT Madagascar Minerals, 80 per cent of which is owned by RioTinto and 20 per cent by the Government. This project has also employed conservation zones andtaken other offset actions, but the Special Rapporteur is not in a position to assess those actions in the
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41 Another major mining project in Madagascar is the ilmenite mine near Fort Dauphin, in southeast Madagascar, owned and operated by QIT Madagascar Minerals, 80 per cent of which is owned by Rio Tinto and 20 per cent by the Government. This project has also employed conservation zones and taken other offset actions, but the Special Rapporteur is not in a position to assess those actions in the present report.
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42 See, for example, resolution 29/15, para. 1.
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42 See, for example, resolution 29/15, para. 1.
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43 See UNDP country programme document for Madagascar for the period 2015 to 2019(DP/DCP/MDG/3), para. 7.
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43 See UNDP country programme document for Madagascar for the period 2015 to 2019 (DP/DCP/MDG/3), para. 7.
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44 See International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, World Disasters Report 2016.Resilience: Saving Lives Today, Investing for Tomorrow, p. 253.
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44 See International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, World Disasters Report 2016. Resilience: Saving Lives Today, Investing for Tomorrow, p. 253.
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45 Bündnis Entwicklung Hilft and United Nations University, World Risk Report 2016, pp. 46, 47.
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45 Bündnis Entwicklung Hilft and United Nations University, World Risk Report 2016, pp. 46, 47.
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46 Ibid., p. 49.
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46 Ibid., p. 49.
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vulnerable country in the world to such events in 2015, and the most vulnerable country inAfrica over the previous 20 years.47
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vulnerable country in the world to such events in 2015, and the most vulnerable country in Africa over the previous 20 years.47
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49 The Government ofMadagascar has also taken measures to address climate change, including by formulating anational climate action plan in 2011 and establishing a national carbon registry in 2012. Theeffective implementation of these and other adaptation measures is difficult, however,because of the lack of adequate resources.50
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49 The Government of Madagascar has also taken measures to address climate change, including by formulating a national climate action plan in 2011 and establishing a national carbon registry in 2012. The effective implementation of these and other adaptation measures is difficult, however, because of the lack of adequate resources.50
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B. Mining conflicts
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B. Mining conflicts
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53. An issue that arose repeatedly during the visit was the regulation of miningactivities. In recent years, Madagascar has seen a rapid increase in mining permits, whichhas led to an increase in the number of protests against mining operations. The conflict thatreceived the most attention during the visit concerned a mining permit in Soamahamaninato a Chinese company, Jiuxing Mines, which was the subject of protests throughout 2016.In July 2016, a coalition of organizations sent a letter to the President of Madagascarrequesting that the Government cancel the mining permit on the grounds, among others,that the permit was issued without the participation and consultation of the localcommunities and that it would cause environmental harm, including to a tapia forest. TheGovernment suspended the mining activities but did not cancel the permit, and weeklyprotests continued. At two protests in September, the Government arrested five persons and47 Sönke Kreft, David Eckstein and Inga Melchior, “Global Climate Risk Index 2017: who suffers mostfrom extreme weather events? Weather-related loss events in 2015 and 1996 to 2015” (Bonn,GermanWatch, November 2016), pp. 7 and 13.48 See “Madagascar: Grand Sud Drought”, Office of the Resident Coordinator, situation report No. 4(December 2016).49 See UNDP country programme document for Madagascar, para. 11.50 See Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity, pp. 66-67.charged them with a breach of internal State security, unauthorized demonstrations anddestruction of public property. They were given one-year suspended sentences and releasedfrom detention in November 2016.
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53. An issue that arose repeatedly during the visit was the regulation of mining activities. In recent years, Madagascar has seen a rapid increase in mining permits, which has led to an increase in the number of protests against mining operations. The conflict that received the most attention during the visit concerned a mining permit in Soamahamanina to a Chinese company, Jiuxing Mines, which was the subject of protests throughout 2016. In July 2016, a coalition of organizations sent a letter to the President of Madagascar requesting that the Government cancel the mining permit on the grounds, among others, that the permit was issued without the participation and consultation of the local communities and that it would cause environmental harm, including to a tapia forest. The Government suspended the mining activities but did not cancel the permit, and weekly protests continued. At two protests in September, the Government arrested five persons and 47 Sönke Kreft, David Eckstein and Inga Melchior, “Global Climate Risk Index 2017: who suffers most from extreme weather events? Weather-related loss events in 2015 and 1996 to 2015” (Bonn, GermanWatch, November 2016), pp. 7 and 13. 48 See “Madagascar: Grand Sud Drought”, Office of the Resident Coordinator, situation report No. 4 (December 2016). 49 See UNDP country programme document for Madagascar, para. 11. 50 See Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity, pp. 66-67. charged them with a breach of internal State security, unauthorized demonstrations and destruction of public property. They were given one-year suspended sentences and released from detention in November 2016.
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the Commission to exercise this authority in mining disputes might help to avoid theescalation of conflicts. It would be necessary to provide the Commission with additional
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C. Illegal logging and trafficking
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62. Illegal trafficking in endangered species is a long-standing problem that grewenormously under the transitional Government. Trafficking has occurred in tortoises andother wildlife, as well as in precious woods such as ebony (Diospyros), palisander and,especially, rosewood (both of which are in the Dalbergia genus). Logs have been exportedas raw material for highly valuable furniture in foreign markets, especially in China, wherea metric ton of rosewood is worth about $25,000.53 Madagascar rosewood trees are nowfound only in protected areas, including in particular the Masoala National Park in thenorth-east. Although selective logging of valuable trees might seem to be less harmful thanclear-cutting, many other trees must also be cut to remove the trees of value. Illegal loggingalso contributes to other problems, including harassment and violence directed againstthose who try to defend the protected areas. The failure to stop illegal logging sends adiscouraging message to local communities that their efforts to conserve these forests arepointless, because the resources will be exploited by the so-called “rosewood mafiabarons”, the relatively small number of individuals in Madagascar who profit from the
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62. Illegal trafficking in endangered species is a long-standing problem that grew enormously under the transitional Government. Trafficking has occurred in tortoises and other wildlife, as well as in precious woods such as ebony (Diospyros), palisander and, especially, rosewood (both of which are in the Dalbergia genus). Logs have been exported as raw material for highly valuable furniture in foreign markets, especially in China, where a metric ton of rosewood is worth about $25,000.53 Madagascar rosewood trees are now found only in protected areas, including in particular the Masoala National Park in the north-east. Although selective logging of valuable trees might seem to be less harmful than clear-cutting, many other trees must also be cut to remove the trees of value. Illegal logging also contributes to other problems, including harassment and violence directed against those who try to defend the protected areas. The failure to stop illegal logging sends a discouraging message to local communities that their efforts to conserve these forests are pointless, because the resources will be exploited by the so-called “rosewood mafia barons”, the relatively small number of individuals in Madagascar who profit from the trafficking.
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63. In 2013, the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on International Trade inEndangered Species added Dalbergia and Diospyros from Madagascar to Appendix II ofthe Convention, which lists species that are not currently threatened with extinction butmay become threatened unless their trade is subject to strict regulation. An export permitfor a specimen of an Appendix II species may be granted only if the export would not bedetrimental to the survival of the species and the specimen was not obtained illegally. Atthe same meeting, the Conference of the Parties adopted an action plan for Madagascar,52 See generally Department of Political Affairs and the United Nations Environment Programme,Natural Resources and Conflict — a Guide for Mediation Practitioners (2015).53 Environmental Investigation Agency, “The ongoing illegal logging crisis in Madagascar” (2014).
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63. In 2013, the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species added Dalbergia and Diospyros from Madagascar to Appendix II of the Convention, which lists species that are not currently threatened with extinction but may become threatened unless their trade is subject to strict regulation. An export permit for a specimen of an Appendix II species may be granted only if the export would not be detrimental to the survival of the species and the specimen was not obtained illegally. At the same meeting, the Conference of the Parties adopted an action plan for Madagascar, 52 See generally Department of Political Affairs and the United Nations Environment Programme, Natural Resources and Conflict — a Guide for Mediation Practitioners (2015). 53 Environmental Investigation Agency, “The ongoing illegal logging crisis in Madagascar” (2014).
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64. Since then, the secretariat of the Convention and the Standing Committee (anintergovernmental body that reports to the Conference of the Parties) have repeatedly statedthat Madagascar has failed to comply with the action plan. The secretariat has reported that“illegal harvest of ebony/rosewood or its subsequent illegal export do not seem to beslowing or stopping” and cited multiple seizures by other countries of illegal shipments, thelargest of which was 3,000 tons of rosewood in Singapore in March 2014. 55 On theSecretariat’s recommendation, the Standing Committee recommended in January 2016 thatall parties to the Convention suspend commercial trade in specimens of Dalbergia andDiospyros from Madagascar.
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64. Since then, the secretariat of the Convention and the Standing Committee (an intergovernmental body that reports to the Conference of the Parties) have repeatedly stated that Madagascar has failed to comply with the action plan. The secretariat has reported that “illegal harvest of ebony/rosewood or its subsequent illegal export do not seem to be slowing or stopping” and cited multiple seizures by other countries of illegal shipments, the largest of which was 3,000 tons of rosewood in Singapore in March 2014. 55 On the Secretariat’s recommendation, the Standing Committee recommended in January 2016 that all parties to the Convention suspend commercial trade in specimens of Dalbergia and Diospyros from Madagascar.
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67. The Special Rapporteur recognizes that on this issue, as well as others, theGovernment believes that it is being blamed for actions taken — or not taken — by thetransitional Government. The Government assured the Special Rapporteur, as it has done to54 Decision 16.152 of the Conference of the Parties, annex 3. According to the Government in itssubmission to the sixty-seventh meeting of the Standing Committee in September 2016 (SC67 Doc.19.2 (Rev. 1), para. 3.2.1), it has seized about 28,000 logs, another 274,000 have been declared byrosewood operators and approximately 2 million remain hidden. Rosewood trafficking appears tofollow a cycle, in which the illegal loggers accumulate logs and hide them during periods ofheightened attention, waiting for the next opportunity to export the logs to foreign markets. HeryRandriamalala and Zhou Liu, “Rosewood of Madagascar: between democracy and conservation”,Madagascar Conservation and Development, vol. 5, No. 1 (June 2010).
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67. The Special Rapporteur recognizes that on this issue, as well as others, the Government believes that it is being blamed for actions taken — or not taken — by the transitional Government. The Government assured the Special Rapporteur, as it has done to 54 Decision 16.152 of the Conference of the Parties, annex 3. According to the Government in its submission to the sixty-seventh meeting of the Standing Committee in September 2016 (SC67 Doc. 19.2 (Rev. 1), para. 3.2.1), it has seized about 28,000 logs, another 274,000 have been declared by rosewood operators and approximately 2 million remain hidden. Rosewood trafficking appears to follow a cycle, in which the illegal loggers accumulate logs and hide them during periods of heightened attention, waiting for the next opportunity to export the logs to foreign markets. Hery Randriamalala and Zhou Liu, “Rosewood of Madagascar: between democracy and conservation”, Madagascar Conservation and Development, vol. 5, No. 1 (June 2010).
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55 Report of the secretariat to the sixty-sixth meeting of the Standing Committee (SC66 Doc. 46.1),January 2016, paras. 7 and 26-33.
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55 Report of the secretariat to the sixty-sixth meeting of the Standing Committee (SC66 Doc. 46.1), January 2016, paras. 7 and 26-33.
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56 Report of the secretariat to the sixty-seventh meeting of the Standing Committee (SC67 Doc. 19.1),September 2016, paras. 8, 9 and 20.
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56 Report of the secretariat to the sixty-seventh meeting of the Standing Committee (SC67 Doc. 19.1), September 2016, paras. 8, 9 and 20.
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57 Ibid., para. 32.
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57 Ibid., para. 32.
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58 SC67 Doc. 19.2 (Rev. 1), para. 3.1.1.
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58 SC67 Doc. 19.2 (Rev. 1), para. 3.1.1.
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D. Environmental human rights defenders
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D. Environmental human rights defenders
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71. To its credit, Madagascar is not among the countries that have been identified ashaving suffered the murder of an environmental defender. However, activists have statedthat they are afraid of identifying themselves as human rights defenders because of the lackof a legal structure to ensure their security (see A/HRC/WG.6/20/MDG/3, para. 33), andduring his visit the Special Rapporteur heard several reports of threats againstenvironmental defenders. Moreover, in the last two years, two individuals opposing illegallogging have been imprisoned. In May 2015, Armand Marozafy, an ecotourism guide, wasfound guilty of defamation under a cybercrime law after trying to bring attention to illegalrosewood trafficking. He was imprisoned for five months and ordered to pay 12 millionMGA (approximately $3,650). Clovis Razafimalala, coordinator of the Lampognocoalition, is currently in prison for allegedly destroying public property during ademonstration against rosewood traders in Maroantsetra. The Special Rapporteur notes thatthese cases are consistent with a growing global trend of using suits based on defamation orminor legal violations to silence the voices of those trying to oppose untrammelleddevelopment of natural resources. That the cases occurred in a region of the country where,
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71. To its credit, Madagascar is not among the countries that have been identified as having suffered the murder of an environmental defender. However, activists have stated that they are afraid of identifying themselves as human rights defenders because of the lack of a legal structure to ensure their security (see A/HRC/WG.6/20/MDG/3, para. 33), and during his visit the Special Rapporteur heard several reports of threats against environmental defenders. Moreover, in the last two years, two individuals opposing illegal logging have been imprisoned. In May 2015, Armand Marozafy, an ecotourism guide, was found guilty of defamation under a cybercrime law after trying to bring attention to illegal rosewood trafficking. He was imprisoned for five months and ordered to pay 12 million MGA (approximately $3,650). Clovis Razafimalala, coordinator of the Lampogno coalition, is currently in prison for allegedly destroying public property during a demonstration against rosewood traders in Maroantsetra. The Special Rapporteur notes that these cases are consistent with a growing global trend of using suits based on defamation or minor legal violations to silence the voices of those trying to oppose untrammelled development of natural resources. That the cases occurred in a region of the country where,
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59 This would be in accordance with the views of the secretariat of the Convention, which recommendsagainst the unrestricted return of such stocks or funds to Madagascar (SC66 Doc. 46.1, para. 35).
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59 This would be in accordance with the views of the secretariat of the Convention, which recommends against the unrestricted return of such stocks or funds to Madagascar (SC66 Doc. 46.1, para. 35).
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60 Global Witness, “On dangerous ground” (June 2016).
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60 Global Witness, “On dangerous ground” (June 2016).
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(C) 080517 080517
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GE.17-05889(E)
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人权理事会第三十四届会议
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Thirty-fourth session
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2017 年 2 月 27 日至 3 月 24 日
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27 February–24 March 2017
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议程项目 3
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Agenda item 3
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人权理事会 2017 年 3 月 24 日通过的决议34/15. 出生登记与人人在任何地方被承认在法律前的人格的权利人权理事会，遵循《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则，重申《世界人权宣言》、《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》、《儿童权利公约》和《残疾人权利公约》等有关国际文书规定的人人在任何地方被承认在法律前的人格的人权；回顾《经济、社会及文化权利国际公约》、《保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约》、《减少无国籍状态公约》和其他有关国际文书，回顾各国有义务按《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》、《儿童权利公约》、《保护所有移徙工人及其家庭成员权利国际公约》及其加入的其他有关国际文书的规定，在所有儿童出生后立即一视同仁地加以登记，这是保护和实现所有人权的一项重要内容，确认出生登记和在任何地方被承认在法律前的人格的权利与实现其他所有人权紧密关联；因此着重指出，必须采取以国际人权义务和承诺为依据、在业务上以促进和保护人权为导向的立足于人权的出生登记办法，欢迎各国承诺不让一个人掉队；回顾《2030 年可持续发展议程》在可持续发展目标 16 下列入了独立的具体目标 16.9――让所有人有法律身份，包括有出生登记，确认充分落实这项具体目标将直接和间接地影响其他目标和具体目标的实现，特别是社会保护、紧急情况下的保护、获取金融和经济资源、在世界各地消除对妇女和儿童一切形式的歧视和暴力行为以及获得优质教育方面的目标和具体目标的实现，联 合 国 A/HRC/RES/34/15大 会 Distr.: General
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Resolution adopted by the Human Rights Council on 24 March 2017 34/15. Birth registration and the right of everyone to recognition everywhere as a person before the law The Human Rights Council, Guided by the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, Reaffirming the human right of everyone to be recognized everywhere as a person before the law, which is enshrined in, inter alia, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and recalling the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families, the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness and other relevant international instruments, Recalling the obligation of States to register all children, without discrimination of any kind, immediately after birth, which is an important element of the protection and realization of all human rights, as provided for in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families and other relevant international instruments to which they are party, Recognizing that birth registration and the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law is closely linked to the realization of all other human rights, and therefore underlining the importance of a human rights-based approach to birth registration, based on international human rights obligations and commitments operationally directed to promoting and protecting human rights, Welcoming the commitment of States to leave no one behind, and recalling that the provision of legal identity for all, including birth registration, is included as the standalone target 16.9 in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development under Sustainable Development Goal 16, Recognizing that the full implementation of this target will have both a direct and an indirect impact on the achievement of other targets and goals, inter alia social protection, United Nations A/HRC/RES/34/15 General Assembly Distr.: General 11 April 2017 Original: English protection in emergencies, access to financial and economic resources, the elimination of all forms of discrimination and violence against women and children everywhere, and access to quality education,
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欢迎儿童权利委员会和其他条约机构继续努力争取普及出生登记，如广泛针对各国提出有关建议，
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Welcoming the continuing efforts of the Committee on the Rights of the Child and other treaty-based bodies towards universal birth registration, such as through recommendations widely addressed to States in this regard,
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回顾大会和人权理事会通过的吁请各国确保对所有儿童出生后立即一视同仁地加以登记的各项决议，最近的是大会 2016 年 12 月 19 日第 71/177 号决议和理事会 2015 年 3 月 23 日第 28/13 号决议，
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Recalling the resolutions adopted by the General Assembly and the Human Rights Council in which they call upon States to ensure the registration of all children immediately after birth, and without discrimination of any kind, the most recent being Assembly resolution 71/177 of 19 December 2016 and Council resolution 28/13 of 23 March 2015,
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确认出生登记，包括补办出生登记和提供出生证明文件，是反映一个人的存在并承认该人具有法律前的人格的正式记录，也是防止无国籍状态的重要手段，
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Recognizing the importance of birth registration, including late birth registration and provision of documents of proof of birth, as a means of providing an official record of the existence of a person and the recognition of that individual as a person before the law, and as a critical means of preventing statelessness,
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欢迎联合国难民事务高级专员办事处开展 “我属于这里”十年宣传运动，其目的是结束影响全世界数百万人的无国籍状态这一法律真空地带，
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Welcoming the 10-year “I Belong” campaign of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, which is aimed at ending the legal limbo of statelessness that affects millions of people around the world,
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表示关切的是，未登记的个人获得各种服务及享有其所有应享权利的机会有限，或根本没有机会获得各种服务及享有这些权利，包括拥有姓名和获得国籍的权利，以及与卫生、教育、社会福利、工作和政治参与有关的各项权利；考虑到对一个人的出生进行登记是促进和保护其所有人权的重要一步，而未办理出生登记的人更容易遭受边缘化、排斥、歧视和暴力，陷入无国籍状态，遭到绑架、贩卖、剥削和虐待，包括童工、人口贩运、童婚、早婚和强迫婚姻以及非法招募儿童入伍等形式，
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Expressing concern that unregistered individuals may have limited or no access to services and the enjoyment of all the rights to which they are entitled, including the rights to a name and to acquire a nationality, and rights related to health, education, social welfare, work and political participation, and taking into consideration that registering a person’s birth is a vital step towards the promotion and protection of all his or her human rights, and that persons without birth registration are more vulnerable to marginalization, exclusion, discrimination, violence, statelessness, abduction, sale, exploitation and abuse, including when they take the form of child labour, human trafficking, child, early and forced marriage, and unlawful child recruitment,
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确认免费办理出生登记以及免费或低收费补办出生登记是全面民事登记制度的一部分，有助于编制人口动态统计资料，切实规划和执行各项方案和政策，以改善治理并实现国际商定的发展目标，
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Recognizing that free birth registration and free or low-fee late birth registration are part of a comprehensive civil registration system that facilitates the development of vital statistics and the effective planning and implementation of programmes and policies intended to promote better governance and to achieve internationally agreed development goals,
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又确认非政府组织、专业协会、媒体、私营部门和民间社会其他成员，包括那些参与公私伙伴关系的机构，也可以促进改善和提高社区对出生登记的认识，
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Recognizing also that non-governmental organizations, professional associations, the media, the private sector and other members of civil society, including those involved in public-private partnerships, can also contribute to the improvement and promotion of community awareness of birth registration in a manner that reflects national priorities and strategies,
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1. 深感关切的是，尽管为提高全球出生登记率不断努力，但据联合国儿童基金会统计，全世界仍有近四分之一的 5 岁以下儿童从未获得出生登记；1
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1. Expresses deep concern at the fact that, , despite ongoing efforts to increase the global rate of birth registration, according to the United Nations Children’s Fund nearly one quarter of births of the global population of children under 5 have never been registered; 1
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2. 提醒各国有义务一视同仁地办理出生登记；又提醒各国注意，应根据本国法律和有关国际文书规定的义务，在儿童出生后立即为其在出生国办理出生登记，包括为移民、非本国国民、寻求庇护者、难民和无国籍人的子女办理出生登记，而且补办出生登记应仅限于如不这么做就会导致没有出生登记的情况；
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2. Reminds States of their obligation to register all births without discrimination of any kind, and also reminds States that birth registration should take place immediately after birth, in the country where children are born, including the children of migrants, non-nationals, asylum seekers, refugees and stateless persons, in accordance with their national law and their obligations under the relevant international instruments, and that late birth 1 See A/HRC/33/22. registration should be limited to those cases that would otherwise result in a lack of registration;
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3. 重申在 2030 年前为所有人提供法律身份包括出生登记，能够有助于预防边缘化、排斥、歧视、暴力、无国籍状态、绑架、贩卖、剥削和虐待等现象，包括童工、人口贩运、童婚、早婚、强迫婚姻以及非法招募儿童入伍等形式；
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3. Reaffirms that the provision of legal identity for all, including birth registration by 2030, can contribute to prevent, inter alia, marginalization, exclusion, discrimination, violence, statelessness, abduction, sale, exploitation and abuse, including when it takes the form of child labour, human trafficking, child, early and forced marriage, and unlawful child recruitment;
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4. 赞赏地注意到联合国人权事务高级专员办事处关于加强政策和方案以促进普及出生登记和编制人口动态统计资料的报告 1，其中提到了与出生登记有关的国际法律框架，在普及这项权利方面取得的进展和面临的挑战，以及旨在普及出生登记和编制人口动态统计资料的现有政策和方案；
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4. Takes note with appreciation of the report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on strengthening policies and programmes for universal birth registration and vital statistics development,1 which refers to the international legal framework related to birth registration, the progress and challenges towards the universality of this right, and existing policies and programmes aimed at universal birth registration and vital statistics development;
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5. 吁请各国建立或加强现有负责出生登记的各级机构，考虑建立全面的民事登记制度和保管此种登记资料的机构，以确保登记官员得到适当培训，为其完1 见 A/HRC/33/22。成任务拨付充足和充分的人力、技术和财政资源，根据需要增加本国境内获取出生登记的渠道，并根据有关国际法增加在国外获取出生登记的渠道，办法可以是增加出生登记设施的数量，也可以通过农村地区的流动出生登记官之类的其他手段，同时注重当地社区一级的设施，提高社区的认识，并努力解决残疾人等弱势群体在获得出生登记方面所面临的障碍；
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5. Calls upon States to establish or strengthen existing institutions at all levels responsible for birth registration and to consider the development of comprehensive civil registration systems, and the preservation and security of such records, to ensure adequate training for registration officers, to allocate sufficient and adequate human, technical and financial resources to fulfil their mandate, and to increase, as needed, the accessibility of birth registration facilities within its territory and, in accordance with relevant international law, abroad, either by increasing the number or through other means, such as mobile birth registration officials in rural areas, paying attention to the local community level, promoting community awareness and working to address the barriers faced by vulnerable groups, such as persons with disabilities, in their access to birth registration;
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6. 又吁请各国采取一切适当措施，永久储存和保护民事登记记录，防止记录因紧急情况或军事冲突等状况而丢失或损毁，包括通过使用数字技术和新技术来便利出生登记的获取和普及，并加强民事登记和人口动态统计工作，这对于为监测可持续发展目标收集分列数据至关重要；
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6. Also calls upon States to take all appropriate measures to permanently store and protect civil registration records and to prevent the loss or destruction of records, inter alia, due to emergency or armed conflict situations, including through the use of digital and new technologies as means to facilitate and universalize access to birth registration, and also to strengthen civil registration and vital statistics, which are key for the collection of disaggregated data for monitoring the Sustainable Development Goals;
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7. 还吁请各国评估隐私方面的潜在风险，采取措施，保护个人在确定列入出生证明的信息，特别是有关出身、种族、族裔、宗教和父母婚姻状况的信息时免遭歧视和伤害，并考虑仅在出生证明上标明最低限度的信息，如儿童的姓名、性别、出生日期和地点，在可能的情况下，还可标明父母的姓名、国籍和住址；
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7. Further calls upon States to assess the potential risk to privacy and to take steps to protect individuals from discrimination and harm when determining the information included in a birth certificate, particularly details concerning origin, race, ethnicity, religion and parents’ marital status, and to consider reflecting on birth certificates only minimum information, such as the child’s name, gender, date and place of birth, and when available, parents’ names, citizenship and addresses;
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8. 吁请各国保护通过出生登记或其他民事登记手续获得的、可被用于歧视的个人信息；
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8. Calls upon States to protect personal information obtained through birth registration or other civil registration processes that may be used to discriminate against an individual;
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9. 又吁请各国确保免费办理出生登记，包括免费或低收费补办出生登记，登记手续应普及、便捷、简单、迅速、有效而且一视同仁；
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9. Also calls upon States to ensure free birth registration, including free or low-fee late birth registration, by means of universal, accessible, simple, expeditious and effective registration procedures, without discrimination of any kind;
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10. 还吁请各国提高国家、地区和地方各级对出生登记的认识，包括协同所有相关行为方，如国家人权机构、公共和私营部门以及民间社会组织，开展宣传运动，提高公众对出生登记对于切实获得各种服务和享有各项人权的重要性的认识；
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10. Further calls upon States to raise awareness of birth registration continuously at the national, regional and local levels, including by engagement in collaboration with all relevant actors, such as national human rights institutions, the public and private sectors and civil society organizations, in public campaigns that raise awareness of the importance of birth registration for effective access to services and the enjoyment of human rights;
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11. 吁请各国依照国内和国际人权法，确保没有出生登记或没有出生证明文件不对获得和享有有关国家服务和方案构成障碍；
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11. Calls upon States to ensure that lack of birth registration or documents of proof of birth does not constitute an obstacle to access to and the enjoyment of relevant national services and programmes, in accordance with national and internationalhuman rights law;
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12. 促请各国查清并排除阻碍办理出生登记（包括补办出生登记）的设施、行政、程序及其他任何方面的障碍，适当注意与贫穷、残疾、性别、年龄、领养手续、国籍、无国籍状态、流离失所、文盲和被拘留状况等有关的障碍，并
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12. Urges States to identify and remove physical, administrative, procedural and any other barriers that impede access to birth registration, including late registration, paying due attention to, among others, those barriers relating to poverty, disability, gender, age, adoption processes, nationality, statelessness, displacement, illiteracy and detention contexts, and to persons in vulnerable situations;
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13. 请各国和其他相关利益攸关方通过交流最佳做法和技术援助等途径，包括通过普遍定期审议和人权理事会的其他相关机制，努力确保普及出生登记；
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13. Invites States and other relevant stakeholders to work towards ensuring universal birth registration through, inter alia, the exchange of good practices and technical assistance, including through the universal periodic review and other relevant mechanisms of the Human Rights Council;
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14. 鼓励各国视情况需要，向联合国有关组织、专门机构、基金(会)、计(规)划署及其他相关利益攸关方请求技术援助，以便履行进行出生登记的义务，以此尊重人人在任何地方被承认在法律前的人格的权利；
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14. Encourages States to request technical assistance, if required, from relevant United Nations bodies, agencies, funds and programmes and other relevant stakeholders in order to fulfil their obligation to undertake birth registration as a means of respecting the right of everyone to be recognized everywhere as a person before the law;
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15. 注意到《为可持续发展进行身份识别的原则》，其目的是加强身份识别系统，并促进围绕可持续发展目标落实工作开展合作；请各国和其他行为方考虑核准这套原则；
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15. Takes note of the Principles on Identification for Sustainable Development, which aim to strengthen identification systems and to foster cooperation around the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, and invites States and other actors to consider endorsing them;
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16. 请联合国机各专门机构、基金(会)和计(规)划署及其他相关利益攸关方与各国合作，应要求提供技术援助；吁请它们确保在其所有方案中不歧视未办理
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16. Invites relevant United Nations agencies, funds and programmes and other relevant stakeholders to cooperate with States in providing technical assistance, upon request, and calls upon them to ensure that persons with no birth registration are not discriminated against in any of their programmes;
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17. 确认必须开展国际合作，包括通过交流最佳做法和提供技术援助，支
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17. Recognizes the importance of international cooperation in supporting national efforts to ensure universal birth registration, including the exchange of good practices and technical assistance;
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18. 请高级专员查明并积极寻求机会与联合国统计司及其他联合国有关专门机构、基金(会)和计(规)划署以及其他相关利益攸关方协作，以加强旨在普及出生登记和编制人口动态统计资料的现有政策和方案，并确保它们以国际标准为根据，考虑到最佳做法，并依照相关国际人权义务得到执行；
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18. Requests the High Commissioner to identify and actively pursue opportunities to collaborate with the United Nations Statistics Division and other relevant United Nations agencies, funds and programmes, as well as other relevant stakeholders, in order to strengthen existing policies and programmes aimed at universal birth registration and vital statistics development, and to ensure that they are based on international standards, taking into account best practices, and are implemented in accordance with relevant international human rights obligations;
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19. 又请高级专员与各国、联合国各专门机构、基金(会)和计(规)划署、民间社会和其他相关利益攸关方协商，编写一份报告，说明在确保儿童获得出生登记，特别是确保风险最大、被边缘化和生活在冲突、贫困、紧急状态下和处于弱势的儿童，包括属于少数群体的儿童、残疾儿童、土著儿童以及移民、寻求庇护者、难民和无国籍人的子女获得出生登记方面的最佳做法和具体措施，同时考虑到落实可持续发展目标具体目标 16.9 的承诺，并将报告提交人权理事会第三十九届会议；
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19. Also requests the High Commissioner to prepare, in consultation with States, United Nations agencies, funds and programmes, civil society and other relevant stakeholders, a report on best practices and specific measures to ensure access to birth registration, particularly for those children most at risk, marginalized and living in situations of conflict, poverty, emergency and vulnerability, including children belonging to minority groups, children with disabilities, indigenous children, and children of migrants, asylum seekers, refugees and stateless persons, taking into account the commitment to implement target 16.9 of the Sustainable Development Goals, and to submit the report to the Human Rights Council at its thirty-ninth session;
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20. 决定根据理事会年度工作方案审议这一议题。
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20. Decides to consider this issue in accordance with its annual programme of work.
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2017年3月24日
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24 March 2017
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大 会 Distr.: General
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General Assembly Distr.: General
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15 November 2019ChineseOriginal: English(C) 211119 221119
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15 November 2019
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(C) 211119 221119
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19-19707 (E) 221119
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*1919707*
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*1919707*
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第七十四届会议
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Seventy-fourth session
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议程项目 121
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Agenda item 121
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1. 在 2019 年 9 月 20 日第 2 次全体会议上，大会根据总务委员会的建议，决定将项目 121 分配给所有主要委员会，目的是让这些委员会讨论其工作方法，并审议各自的暂定工作方案，并就此采取行动。2. 第一委员会在 2019 年 11 月 8 日第 27 次会议上审议了该项目。13. 在同次会议上，主席作了发言，并介绍了第一委员会 2020 年暂定工作方案和时间表。4. 同样在这次会议上，委员会通过了本报告附件所载 2020 年暂定工作方案和时间表。第一委员会的建议5. 第一委员会建议大会通过以下决定草案：第一委员会 2020 年暂定工作方案和时间表大会根据第一委员会的建议，核准第一委员会报告附件所载委员会 2020 年暂定工作方案和时间表。附件第一委员会 2020 年暂定工作方案和时间表方案/会议 日期 会议次数工作安排会议 10 月 1 日(星期四) 1就所有裁军和国际安全议程项目举行一般性辩论 a,b 10 月 5 日(星期一)至 10 月 14 日(星期三) 8所有裁军和国际安全议程项目一般性辩论发言报名截止时间 10 月 6 日(星期二)，下午 6 时关于具体主题的专题讨论 c 以及介绍和审议在各议程项目下提出的所有决议和决定草案，包括：10 月 15 日(星期四)至 10 月 28 日(星期三) 12(a) 就委员会以往各届会议通过的决议和决定采取后续行动/提出报告等问题与裁军事务高级代表交换意见(b) 与独立专家和其他高级别官员进行专题小组讨论并交换意见
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Revitalization of the work of the General Assembly Report of the First Committee Rapporteur: Ms. Szilvia Balázs (Hungary) 1. At its 2nd plenary meeting, on 20 September 2019, the General Assembly, on the recommendation of the General Committee, decided to allocate item 121 to all the Main Committees for the purpose of discussing their working methods, as well as considering and taking action on their respective tentative programmes of work. 2. The First Committee considered the item at its 27th meeting, on 8 November 2019.1 3. At the same meeting, the Chair made a statement and introduced the provisional programme of work and timetable of the First Committee for 2020. 4. Also at the same meeting, the Committee adopted its provisional programme of work and timetable for 2020, as set out in the annex to the present report. Recommendation of the First Committee 5. The First Committee recommends to the General Assembly the adoption of the following draft decision: Provisional programme of work and timetable of the First Committee for 2020 The General Assembly, on the recommendation of the First Committee, approves the provisional programme of work and timetable of the Committee for 2020, as set out in the annex to the report of the Committee. Annex Provisional programme of work and timetable of the First Committeefor 2020 Programme/meeting Dates Number of meetings Meeting for the organization of work Thursday, 1 October 1 General debate on all disarmament and international security agenda itemsa,b Monday, 5 October, to Wednesday, 14 October 8 Closure of the list of speakers for the general debate on all disarmament and international security agenda items Tuesday, 6 October, at 6 p.m. Thematic discussionc on specific subjects and introduction and consideration of all draft resolutions and decisions submitted under agenda items, including: Thursday, 15 October, to Wednesday, 28 October 12 (a) Exchange with the High Representative for Disarmament Affairs, including on the follow-up to the resolutions and decisions adopted by the Committee at its previous sessions/presentation of reports (b) Panel discussions and exchanges with independent experts and other high-level officials
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(b) 与独立专家和其他高级别官员进行专题小组讨论并交换意见所有议程项目下的决议和决定草案提交截止时间 10 月 15 日(星期四)，中午 12 时
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Deadline for submission of draft resolutions and decisions under all agenda items Thursday, 15 October, at 12 noon
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专题讨论发言报名截止时间 10 月 19 日(星期一)，下午 6 时
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Closure of the list of speakers for the thematic discussion Monday, 19 October, at 6 p.m.
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就各议程项目下提出的所有决议草案和决定草案采取行动 10 月 29 日(星期四)至 11 月 5 日(星期四) 6
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Action on all draft resolutions and decisions submitted under agenda items Thursday, 29 October to Thursday, 5 November 6
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a 滚动发言名单在届会开始前约一个月开放。鼓励各代表团将一般性辩论发言时间限制在最多 8 分钟以内；代表国家集团所作发言时间应不超过 13 分钟。名单将优先照顾高级别代表，并应定期与委员会分享，以提高透明度。
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a A rolling list of speakers will be opened approximately one month before the beginning of the session. Delegations are encouraged to limit their statements for the general debate to a maximum of 8 minutes; statements on behalf of a group of countries should not exceed 13 minutes. The list will give priority to high-level representatives and should be shared with the Committee on a regular basis so as to increase transparency.
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b 鼓励民间社会广泛参与。
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b Wide participation by civil society is encouraged.
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c 在专题讨论期间，鼓励各代表团将发言时间限制在最多 5 分钟以内；代表国家集团所作发言时间应不超过 7 分钟。
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c During thematic discussions, delegations are encouraged to limit their statements to a maximum of 5 minutes; statements on behalf of a group of countries should not exceed 7 minutes.
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周 周一 周二 周三 周四 周五
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Week Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
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9 月 28 日至 10 月 2 日 10 月 1 日下午
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28 September–
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9 月 28 日至 10 月 2 日 10 月 1 日下午
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2 October
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9 月 28 日至 10 月 2 日 10 月 1 日下午
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1 October afternoon
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10 月 5 日至 9 日 10 月 5 日上午 10 月 6 日上午 10 月 7 日上午 10 月 8 日上午 10 月 9 日上午
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5–9 October 5 October morning
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10 月 5 日至 9 日 10 月 5 日上午 10 月 6 日上午 10 月 7 日上午 10 月 8 日上午 10 月 9 日上午
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6 October morning
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10 月 5 日至 9 日 10 月 5 日上午 10 月 6 日上午 10 月 7 日上午 10 月 8 日上午 10 月 9 日上午
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7 October morning
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10 月 5 日至 9 日 10 月 5 日上午 10 月 6 日上午 10 月 7 日上午 10 月 8 日上午 10 月 9 日上午
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8 October morning
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10 月 5 日至 9 日 10 月 5 日上午 10 月 6 日上午 10 月 7 日上午 10 月 8 日上午 10 月 9 日上午
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9 October morning
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10 月 12 日至 16 日 10 月 12 日下午 10 月 13 日下午 10 月 14 日下午 10 月 15 日下午 10 月 16 日下午
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12–16 October 12 October afternoon
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10 月 12 日至 16 日 10 月 12 日下午 10 月 13 日下午 10 月 14 日下午 10 月 15 日下午 10 月 16 日下午
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13 October afternoon
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10 月 12 日至 16 日 10 月 12 日下午 10 月 13 日下午 10 月 14 日下午 10 月 15 日下午 10 月 16 日下午
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14 October afternoon
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