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10 月 12 日至 16 日 10 月 12 日下午 10 月 13 日下午 10 月 14 日下午 10 月 15 日下午 10 月 16 日下午
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15 October afternoon
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10 月 12 日至 16 日 10 月 12 日下午 10 月 13 日下午 10 月 14 日下午 10 月 15 日下午 10 月 16 日下午
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16 October afternoon
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10 月 19 日至 23 日 10 月 19 日上午和下午 10 月 20 日上午 10 月 21 日上午 10 月 22 日上午 10 月 23 日上午
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19–23 October 19 October morning and afternoon
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10 月 19 日至 23 日 10 月 19 日上午和下午 10 月 20 日上午 10 月 21 日上午 10 月 22 日上午 10 月 23 日上午
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20 October morning
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10 月 19 日至 23 日 10 月 19 日上午和下午 10 月 20 日上午 10 月 21 日上午 10 月 22 日上午 10 月 23 日上午
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21 October morning
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10 月 19 日至 23 日 10 月 19 日上午和下午 10 月 20 日上午 10 月 21 日上午 10 月 22 日上午 10 月 23 日上午
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22 October morning
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10 月 19 日至 23 日 10 月 19 日上午和下午 10 月 20 日上午 10 月 21 日上午 10 月 22 日上午 10 月 23 日上午
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23 October morning
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10 月 26 日至 30 日 10 月 26 日上午和下午 10 月 27 日下午 10 月 28 日下午 10 月 29 日下午 10 月 30 日下午
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Week Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
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10 月 26 日至 30 日 10 月 26 日上午和下午 10 月 27 日下午 10 月 28 日下午 10 月 29 日下午 10 月 30 日下午
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26–30 October 26 October morning and afternoon
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10 月 26 日至 30 日 10 月 26 日上午和下午 10 月 27 日下午 10 月 28 日下午 10 月 29 日下午 10 月 30 日下午
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27 October afternoon
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10 月 26 日至 30 日 10 月 26 日上午和下午 10 月 27 日下午 10 月 28 日下午 10 月 29 日下午 10 月 30 日下午
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28 October afternoon
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10 月 26 日至 30 日 10 月 26 日上午和下午 10 月 27 日下午 10 月 28 日下午 10 月 29 日下午 10 月 30 日下午
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29 October afternoon
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10 月 26 日至 30 日 10 月 26 日上午和下午 10 月 27 日下午 10 月 28 日下午 10 月 29 日下午 10 月 30 日下午
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30 October afternoon
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11 月 2 日至 6 日 11 月 2 日上午 11 月 3 日上午 11 月 4 日上午 11 月 5 日上午 a
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2–6 November 2 November morning
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11 月 2 日至 6 日 11 月 2 日上午 11 月 3 日上午 11 月 4 日上午 11 月 5 日上午 a
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3 November morning
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11 月 2 日至 6 日 11 月 2 日上午 11 月 3 日上午 11 月 4 日上午 11 月 5 日上午 a
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4 November morning
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11 月 2 日至 6 日 11 月 2 日上午 11 月 3 日上午 11 月 4 日上午 11 月 5 日上午 a
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5 November morninga
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注：在不妨碍大会第七十五届会议所作决定的情况下，委员会将在届会最后两周灵活排定会议。
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Note: The Committee will exercise flexibility in the scheduling of meetings during the last two weeks of the session without prejudice to the decisions to be taken by the General Assembly at its seventy-fifth session.
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(C) 050422 250522
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(E) 180322 180322
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禁止酷刑委员会
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Committee against Torture
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委员会根据《公约》第 22 条通过的关于第 793/2017 号来文的决定* **
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Decision adopted by the Committee under article 22 of the Convention, concerning communication No. 793/2017* , **
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来文提交人： R.M.(由穷追未受惩罚者国际组织的一名律师代理)
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Communication submitted by: R.M. (represented by counsel, TRIAL International)
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据称受害人： 申诉人
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Alleged victim: The complainant
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所涉缔约国： 布隆迪
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State party: Burundi
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申诉日期： 2016 年 12 月 27 日(首次提交)
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Date of complaint: 27 December 2016 (initial submission)
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参考文件： 根据委员会议事规则第 114 条和第 115 条作出的决定，于 2017 年 1 月 5 日转交缔约国(未以文件形式印发)
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Document references: Decision taken pursuant to rules 114 and 115 of the Committee’s rules of procedure, transmitted to the State party on 5 January 2017 (not issued in document form)
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决定通过日期： 2021 年 11 月 18 日
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Date of adoption of decision: 18 November 2021
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事由： 酷刑或其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚；缺乏有效调查和补救
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Subject matter: Torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; lack of effective investigation and redress
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程序性问题： 用尽国内补救办法
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Procedural issue: Exhaustion of domestic remedies
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实质性问题： 酷刑和残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚；防止酷刑或残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚行为的措施；系统监督囚犯的羁押情况和待遇；缔约国确保其主管机关迅速开展公正调查的义务；提出申诉的权利；获得补救的权利
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Substantive issues: Torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; measures to prevent acts of torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; systematic monitoring of custody and treatment of prisoners; State party’s obligation to ensure that its competent authorities conduct a prompt and impartial investigation; right to file a complaint; right to redress
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《公约》条款： 第 2 条第 1 款、第 11、12、13、14 条(与第 1 条和第16 条一并解读)、第 16 条
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Articles of the Convention: 2 (1) and 11–14, read in conjunction with articles 1 and 16, and 16
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1. 申诉人 R.M.是布隆迪国民，生于 1979 年。他声称缔约国侵犯了他根据《公约》第 2 条第 1 款、第 11、12、13、14 条(与《公约》第 1 条或第 16 条一并解
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1. The complainant is R.M., a Burundian national born in 1979. He claims that the State party has violated his rights under articles 2 (1) and 11–14, read in conjunction with article 1 or, in the alternative, with article 16 of the Convention, and article 16 of the Convention, read alone. The State party made the declaration provided for in article 22 (1) of the Convention on 10 June 2003. The complainant is represented by counsel from TRIAL International.
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* 委员会第七十二届会议(2021 年 11 月 8 日至 12 月 3 日通过)。
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* Adopted by the Committee at its seventy-second session (November 8–3 December 2021).
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** 委员会下列委员参加了本来文的审查：艾萨迪亚·贝尔米、克劳德·海勒、埃尔多安·伊什詹、柳华文、伊尔维亚·普策、阿娜·拉库、迭戈·罗德里格斯－平松、塞巴斯蒂安·图泽、巴赫季亚尔·图兹穆哈梅多夫和彼得·韦泽尔·凯辛。联 合 国 CAT/C/72/D/793/2017禁止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚公约Distr.: General18 February 2022ChineseOriginal: French读)和第 16 条(单独解读)享有的权利。缔约国于 2003 年 6 月 10 日作出了《公约》第22条第1款规定的声明。申诉人由穷追未受惩罚者国际组织的一名律师代理。
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** The following members of the Committee participated in the examination of the communication: Essadia Belmir, Claude Heller, Erdogan Iscan, Liu Huawen, Ilvija Pūce, Ana Racu, Diego Rodríguez-Pinzón, Sébastien Touzé, Bakhtiyar Tuzmukhamedov and Peter Vedel Kessing. United Nations CAT/C/72/D/793/2017 Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment Distr.: General 18 February 2022 English Original: French Facts as submitted by the complainant
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2.1 2014 年 3 月 9 日，申诉人在团结民主运动的布琼布拉总部附近被捕。1 前一天，全副武装的警察冲进该党所在地，以驱散在大楼内集会的活动人士。两名警察未经授权潜入该场所，被活动人士解除了武装，并被他们制服。警察包围了该场所，随后使用催泪瓦斯和实弹强行进入大楼。在这次袭击中，申诉人被警察射出的子弹击中右臂，受了重伤。该党其他人员也在行动中受伤。警察不准想要救助受害者的布隆迪红十字会人员进入。
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2.1 On 9 March 2014, thecomplainant was arrested near the headquarters of the Mouvement pour la solidarité et la démocratie (Movement for Solidarity and Democracy) in Bujumbura.1 The day before, heavily armed police officers had burst into the headquarters to disperse party activists who were meeting inside the building. Two police officers who had managed to slip into the offices without a warrant had been overpowered and disarmed by party activists. The police had surrounded the area before forcibly entering the building using tear gas and live ammunition. During the assault, the complainant was seriously wounded after being shot by police in the right arm. Other party members were also injured in the operation. The police denied access to Burundi Red Cross personnel who wanted to assist the victims.
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2.2 在逮捕过程中，尽管申诉人的健康明显处于危急状况，警察还是对他进行了毒打，多次用枪托和警棍打他，踢他，持续了约 15 分钟。申诉人遭到全身殴打，包括腿部、头部和背部。他无法站立，被扔到一辆警车的后座上。警察和国家情报局人员对他进行辱骂，并向他发出死亡威胁。
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2.2 During his arrest, the police brutally beat the complainant, despite his visibly critical condition, repeatedly hitting him with rifle butts and batons and kicking him for approximately 15 minutes. The complainant was beaten all over his body, including his legs, head and back. Although unable to stand upright, he was thrown in the back of a police van. The police officers, as well as agents of the National Intelligence Service, hurled insults at him and threatened his life.
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2.3 尽管申诉人状况不佳，特别是前一天受过枪伤，但他并没有被立即送往医院。他在警车后座待了大约四个小时，才被送往路易·鲁瓦加索尔王子医院急救。在他到达该医院几分钟后，国家情报局的人员闯入治疗区，试图把他带走。2014 年 3 月 14 日，申诉人就其遭受的侵权行为向共和国总检察长提出申诉。对这一申诉没有采取任何行动。
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2.3 Despite his condition, caused in part by the bullet wound sustained the previous day, the complainant was not immediately taken to hospital. He spent some four hours in the back of the police vehicle before being transported to Prince Louis Rwagasore clinic to receive first aid. Minutes after his arrival at the clinic, intelligence agents burst into the treatment area intent on kidnapping him. On 14 March 2014, the complainant lodged a complaint with the State Prosecutor regarding the violations to which he had been subjected. No action has been taken on that complaint.
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2.4 2014 年 5 月 27 日，尽管医生认为申诉人需要进一步的治疗，但申诉人还是根据布琼布拉检察院签发的逮捕令被强行逮捕，并被带到 Mpimba 中央监狱，那里的条件不人道，并有辱人格。第二天，即 2014 年 5 月 28 日，迫于一些民间社会组织的压力，申诉人被送往查尔斯摄政王医院，在该医院住了 10 天，然后被送回 Mpimba 中央监狱。直到 2014 年 10 月 7 日，他才得以在该医院再次接受检查。由于他的状况恶化，特别是右臂因未更换的敷料造成感染，几乎无法动弹，主治医生给他开了每周三次理疗的处方。然而，监狱管理部门不准他接受理疗。
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2.4 On 27 May 2014, against the advice of doctors that he needed further care, the complainant was forcibly arrested on a warrant issued by the public prosecutor’s office of Bujumbura and was taken to Mpimba central prison, where conditions are inhuman and degrading. The next day, on 28 May 2014, thanks to pressure from a number of civil society organizations, the complainant was taken to Prince Régent Charles hospital, where he spent 10 days before being returned to Mpimba central prison. It was not until 7 October 2014 that he was able to be examined again at Prince Régent Charles hospital. Given his worsening condition, in particular the condition of his right arm, which was essentially paralysed due to infection caused by an unchanged dressing, the doctor prescribed three physical therapy sessions per week. However, prison management did not authorize him to undergo that treatment.
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2.5 申诉人在 2014 年 5 月 27 日入狱后，于 2014 年 6 月 25 日首次被带见法官。2在这次听审中，申诉人请求根据《刑事诉讼法》第 103 条和第 104 条进行体检，未获批准，同时他也重申了 2014 年 3 月 14 日向共和国总检察长提出的关于遭受酷刑的申诉。
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2.5 After being imprisoned on 27 May 2014, the complainant was brought before a judge for the first time on 25 June 2014.2 At the hearing, the complainant requested, to no avail, that a medical examination be carried out, in keeping with articles 103 and 104 of the Code of Criminal Procedure and reiterated his complaint to the State Prosecutor of 14 March 2014 regarding the acts of torture that he had suffered.
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2.6 在 2014 年 6 月 25 日的听审之后，法官直到 2014 年 12 月 30 日，即授权将申诉人审前拘留的第一个命令发出六个多月后才对其拘留进行审查，这违反了《刑事诉讼法》第 115 条。
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2.6 After the hearing of 25 June 2014, the complainant’s detention was not reviewed by a judge until 30 December 2014, in other words more than six months after the first order authorizing his placement in pretrial detention was issued, in violation of article 115 of the Code of Criminal Procedure.
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2.7 2014 年 12 月 30 日，该案件被立案进行公开审理，后来被推迟到 2015 年 1月 15 日，然后又推迟到 2 月 20 日。2015 年 2 月 26 日，法院作出一项中间裁决，命令成立一个由三名政府医生组成的医疗委员会，审查申诉人的病情是否需1 团结民主运动是一个反对党。2010 年，布隆迪发生选举后危机后，政治反对派成为政府镇压的对象。2 根据《刑事诉讼法》第 111 条第 3 款，必须在申诉人被捕后两周内将其带见法官。要在国外治疗，但推迟就他的保释请求作出决定。该临时裁决没有得到任何执行。
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2.7 On 30 December 2014, the case was placed on the docket but was later postponed to 15 January, then to 20 February 2015. On 26 February 2015, the court rendered an interlocutory decision, in which it ordered the establishment of a medical committee composed of three government doctors to determine whether the complainant’s condition 1 The Mouvement pour la solidarité et la démocratie is an opposition political party. After the 2010 post-election crisis in Burundi, the political opposition was singled out in the crackdown carried out by Government. 2 Under article 111 (3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the complainant should have been brought before a judge no later than two weeks following his arrest. warranted treatment abroad but deferred its decision regarding his request for release pending trial. No action was taken on the interim decision.
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2.8 申诉人称，此案未经其他国际调查程序处理。
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2.8 The complainant claims that his case has not been submitted to any other procedure of international investigation.
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2.9 申诉人回顾说，根据《公约》第 22 条第 5 款(b)项，如果国内补救办法无效，则不要求一个人用尽国内补救办法，为了受理之目的，委员会只要求用尽切实、有效和可用的补救办法。3 他声称，尽管他向共和国总检察长提出了关于遭受虐待的申诉，但司法当局没有作出回应，而按照《刑事诉讼法》第 64 条，他们本应根据他的陈述启动刑事调查。其他与监察员和布隆迪国家人权问题独立委员会进行的接触也没有任何结果。2015 年 3 月 30 日和 2015 年 12 月 15 日向路易·鲁瓦加索尔王子医院负责人发出了两封信函，分别要求提供他的住院证明和医疗记录，但均未得到答复。申诉人的两名律师受到恐吓和威胁，随后流亡国外，这有力地证明申诉人无法向独立公正的当局提起案件，而且实际上不可能在国内法院胜诉。。
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2.9 The complainant recalls that, under article 22 (5) (b) of the Convention, a person is not required to exhaust domestic remedies that are unlikely to bring effective relief and that, for the purposes of admissibility, the Committee requires that only effective and available remedies be exhausted.3 He claims that, even though he had filed a complaint with the State Prosecutor regarding his ill-treatment, the judicial authorities made no response, whereas, under article 64 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, they should have initiated a criminal investigation on the basis of his statement. Other steps taken with the Ombudsman and the Independent National Human Rights Commission did not yield any results. Letters to the management of Prince Louis Rwagasore clinic dated 30 March 2015, to obtain a certificate attesting to his hospitalization, and 15 December 2015, to seek information from his medical records, have gone unanswered. The acts of intimidation and threats against two of the complainant’s lawyers, and their subsequent flight from the country, are telling proof that there is no independent and impartial authority to which the complainant could bring his case and that he stood no chance of gaining satisfaction before the domestic courts.
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2.10 此外，委员会称布隆迪存在对包括酷刑在内的严重侵犯人权行为的“普遍有罪不罚现象”，4 这意味着申诉人在国内法院胜诉的可能性极小。
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2.10 Furthermore, the “general climate of impunity” in Burundi, as described by the Committee in view of serious human rights violations, including torture,4 implies that it is highly unlikely that the complainant would have won his case before the domestic courts.
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2.11 因此，申诉人声称：(a) 可用的国内补救办法无法满足他的诉求，因为当局本应根据他的指称展开刑事调查，却没有对他报告的情况作出回应；(b) 这些补救办法超出了合理的期限，因为在他 2014 年 3 月 14 日报告酷刑行为三年零四个月后，仍未开展任何调查；(c) 他若采取进一步行动会有危险，因为酷刑责任者是警察和亲政府的人。申诉人认为，他不可能用尽国内补救办法，因为这些办法是无效的、徒劳的。
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2.11 Consequently, the complainant claims that: (a) he gained no satisfaction from the available domestic remedies, as the authorities did not respond to his reports whereas they should have opened a criminal investigation on the basis of his allegations; (b) the remedies have taken an unreasonably long time given that three years and four months after the acts of torture were reported, on 14 March 2014, no investigation had been opened; and (c) it was dangerous for him to take further steps, as the perpetrators of the acts of torture were police officers and persons close to the current Government. The complainant is of the opinion that it is impossible for him to exhaust domestic remedies owing to the fact that they are ineffective and unlikely to bring relief.
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3.1 申诉人声称，缔约国侵犯了他根据《公约》第 2 条第 1 款、第 11、第 12、第 13 和第 14 条(与第 1 条或第 16 条一并解读)以及第 16 条(单独解读)享有的权利。
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3.1 The complainant claims that the State party has violated his rights under articles 2 (1) and 11–14, read in conjunction with article 1 or, in the alternative, with article 16, of the Convention, and article 16 of the Convention, read alone.
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3.2 据申诉人称，对他的虐待给他造成了严重疼痛和痛苦，至今仍影响他的身心健康。2014 年 3 月 8 日，他被蓄意枪击后受重伤，政府官员阻止布隆迪红十字会人员对他进行救助。第二天，即 2014 年 3 月 9 日，警察在逮捕他的过程中，不顾他的枪伤和明显危急的健康状况，多次用枪托和警棍打他，踢他，侮辱他，并向他发出死亡威胁。尽管医生建议治疗，但申诉人被监禁，并被剥夺了必要的治疗。监狱管理部门不准他根据病情接受理疗。申诉人称，国家警察对他实施酷刑，是基于他的政治派别而对他进行恐吓、惩罚和施压。因此，他认为这些虐待构成了《公约》第 1 条意义上的酷刑行为。3.3 根据《公约》第 2 条第 1 款，申诉人认为缔约国没有采取有效措施防止其管辖范围内的酷刑行为。首先，他声称，他没有机会获得司法补救，因为布隆迪当
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3.2 According to the complainant, the ill-treatment inflicted on him caused him severe pain and suffering, with a lingering impact on his physical and psychological health. He was seriously wounded after being deliberately shot on 8 March 2014, and public officials prevented Burundi Red Cross personnel from assisting him. Police officers then brutally beat him during his arrest the next day, 9 March 2014, even though he had a gunshot wound and was in visibly critical condition. They hit him with their rifle butts and batons, kicked him, insulted him and threatened his life. The complainant was imprisoned and deprived of the medical care he needed, against the advice of doctors. The prison management did not authorize him to undergo the physical therapy his condition warranted. The complainant claims that the acts of torture inflicted by members of the national police were aimed at intimidating, punishing and putting pressure on him because of his political affiliation. He maintains that the ill-treatment constituted acts of torture within the meaning of article 1 of the Convention.
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3 例如见 Sahli 诉阿尔及利亚(CAT/C/46/D/341/2008)；Z.T.诉挪威(CAT/C/35/D/238/2003)；Brada诉法国(CAT/C/34/D/195/2002)；Falcón Ríos 诉加拿大(CAT/C/33/D/133/1999)；以及 ArkauzArana 诉法国(CAT/C/23/D/63/1997)。
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3 See for example Sahli v. Algeria (CAT/C/46/D/341/2008); Z.T. v. Norway (CAT/C/35/D/238/2003); Brada v. France (CAT/C/34/D/195/2002); Falcón Ríos v. Canada (CAT/C/33/D/133/1999); and Arkauz Arana v. France (CAT/C/23/D/63/1997).
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4 CAT/C/BDI/CO/1，第 21 段。另见联合国人权事务高级专员办事处，“Burundi and Sri Lanka,two test cases for the prevention of recurring mass violations – UN expert”, 2015 年 9 月 15 日新闻稿；以及 CAT/C/BDI/CO/2/Add.1。
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4 CAT/C/BDI/CO/1, para. 21. See also Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, “Burundi and Sri Lanka, two test cases for the prevention of recurring mass violations – UN expert”, press release, 15 September 2015; and CAT/C/BDI/CO/2/Add.1.
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稿；以及 CAT/C/BDI/CO/2/Add.1。局没有履行对他遭受的酷刑进行调查的义务。其次，任何剥夺自由行为都必须遵守的程序性保障没有得到遵守，包括申诉人对其拘留的合法性提出质疑的权利。为证明这一点，申诉人指出，当局在 2014 年 6 月 25 日的听审中驳回了他的体检请求；而在 2015 年 2 月 20 日的审理中，尽管存在程序违规行为，他的健康状况也在恶化，但当局拒绝允许他保释。第三，申诉人称，尽管他的状况不佳而未接受治疗，特别是前一天受到严重枪伤，但他直到被捕四小时后才得到急救。由于不允许他接受所需治疗，他的健康受到了不可挽回的损害。此外，尽管申诉人进行了举报并提出了正式申诉，但缔约国没有履行义务，调查对他实施的酷刑并将责任人绳之以法。最后，申诉人强调，根据布隆迪法律，除了在战争罪、危害人类罪或灭绝种族罪背景下实施的酷刑以外，其他酷刑的诉讼时效为 20 或 30 年，视具体情况而定。5
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3.3 The complainant, invoking article 2 (1) of the Convention, submits that the State party has not taken effective measures to prevent acts of torture under its jurisdiction. First, he claims that he was not afforded access to judicial remedies and that the Burundian authorities failed in their obligation to investigate the acts of torture to which he was subjected. Secondly, the procedural safeguards that should apply to any deprivation of liberty, chiefly the right of the complainant to challenge the lawfulness of his detention, were not respected. As evidence of this, the complainant points to the authorities’ refusal at the hearing of 25 June 2014 to accede to the request for a medical examination and their refusal at the hearing of 20 February 2015 to release him pending trial on grounds of procedural irregularities and the deterioration of his health. Thirdly, the complainant claims that, despite his health and the fact that he had not received medical attention, in particular for the serious bullet wound sustained the previous day, he did not receive first aid until four hours after his arrest. His health has been irreparably damaged by the denial of access to medical care. Moreover, despite the reports and a formal complaint submitted by the complainant, the State party did not meet its obligation to investigate the torture that was inflicted on him and to bring those responsible to justice. Lastly, the complainant points out that under Burundian law, acts of torture committed outside the context of war crimes, crimes against humanity and crimes of genocide are subject to a statute of limitations of 20 or 30 years, depending on the circumstances.5
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3.4 申诉人援引《公约》第 11 条和委员会的惯例，6 声称缔约国未能履行其义务，对规则、指示、方法和做法以及他被逮捕和拘留期间的待遇安排进行系统的监督。当局在他被拘留期间不许他接受适当的治疗，他在被捕期间遭受的酷刑以及他在享有司法保障方面遇到的障碍等，都说明了这一点。
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3.4 Invoking article 11 of the Convention and the Committee’s practice,6 the complainant claims that the State party failed in its obligation to systematically monitor the application of rules, instructions, methods, practices and his treatment during his arrest and detention. This failure is illustrated by the authorities denying him access to appropriate care during his detention, the acts of torture to which he was subjected during his arrest and the obstacles to his enjoyment of judicial safeguards.
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3.5 此外，申诉人称，尽管布隆迪当局从 2014 年 3 月 14 日的申诉和他在 2014年 6 月 25 日听审中的指控中了解到他遭受了酷刑，但没有对酷刑指称展开迅速有效的调查，这违反了《公约》第 12 条规定的义务。他还声称，缔约国没有尊重他提出申诉以便所称事实立即得到公正审查的权利，这违反了《公约》第 13条。
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3.5 In addition, the complainant submits that, although they were informed of the torture to which he had been subjected through a complaint lodged on 14 March 2014 and his reports of torture at the hearing of 25 June 2014, the Burundian authorities did not conduct a prompt and effective investigation into the allegations of torture, in violation of the obligation imposed by article 12 of the Convention. He also alleges that the State party did not respect his right to bring a complaint so as to have his allegations examined promptly and impartially, in violation of article 13 of the Convention.
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3.6 缔约国剥夺了申诉人提起刑事诉讼的机会，也就剥夺了他就酷刑这样的严重罪行获得赔偿的任何补救办法。此外，他在遭受酷刑后没有得到任何康复援助，以帮助他实现身体、心理、社会和经济上尽可能全面的恢复。鉴于司法当局的消极态度，客观上说其他救济都无法实现，特别是无法通过损害赔偿民事诉讼获得赔偿。布隆迪当局很少采取赔偿酷刑受害者的措施，委员会在 2006 年关于布隆迪初次报告的结论性意见中曾提到这一点。7 2014 年，委员会注意到新的《刑事
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3.6 By depriving the complainant of criminal proceedings, the State party has at the same time deprived him of any remedy to obtain compensation for serious crimes such as torture. Furthermore, he received no rehabilitation assistance of any kind to help him to recover as fully as possible, either physically or mentally, or in social and financial terms. In view of the passivity of the judicial authorities, other remedies to obtain redress, such as a civil suit for damages, are entirely unlikely to be successful. The Burundian authorities have taken few measures to compensate victims of torture, a point raised by the Committee in its concluding observations on the initial report of Burundi in 2006.7
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迪初次报告的结论性意见中曾提到这一点。7 2014 年，委员会注意到新的《刑事诉讼法》规定了对酷刑受害者的赔偿，但对没有适用这一规定表示关切，这违反了《公约》第 14 条。8 最后，委员会在 2016 年重申，缔约国有义务确保酷刑和
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In 2014, while taking note of the fact that the new Code of Criminal Procedure provided for the compensation of victims of torture, the Committee expressed its concern about the failure to apply this provision, in violation of article 14 of the Convention.
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了《公约》第 14 条。8 最后，委员会在 2016 年重申，缔约国有义务确保酷刑和残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇的受害者获得适当赔偿。9 因此，布隆迪当局没有遵守《公约》第 14 条规定的义务，因为一方面，由于国家的消极态度，对申诉人实施侵权行为的人没有受到惩罚，另一方面，申诉人没有得到任何赔偿，也没有获得任何康复措施。3.7 申诉人重申，根据《公约》第 1 条的定义，对他实施的暴力构成酷刑行为。
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8 Lastly, in 2016 the Committee reiterated the State party’s obligation to ensure access to adequate reparation for victims of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment.9 The Burundian authorities have thus failed to fulfil their obligations under article 14 of the Convention, as the violations perpetrated against the complainant went unpunished owing to the passivity of the State, and the complainant received no compensation and benefited from no rehabilitation measures.
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5 布隆迪《刑法典》，第 150 条。
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5 Burundi, Criminal Code, art. 150.
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6 委员会一再重申，各国有义务遵守《联合国囚犯待遇最低限度标准规则》和《保护所有遭受任何形式拘留或监禁的人的原则》，包括通知亲友的权利、接触律师、接受医生检查的权利和被告知囚犯权利等。
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6 The Committee has repeatedly reiterated that States are obliged to comply with the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners and the Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment, including in respect of the right to inform relatives and friends, access to legal counsel, the right to be examined by a doctor, and notification of the prisoner’s rights.
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7 CAT/C/BDI/CO/1，第 23 段。
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7 CAT/C/BDI/CO/1, para. 23.
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8 CAT/C/BDI/CO/2，第 18 段。
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8 CAT/C/BDI/CO/2, para. 18.
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9 CAT/C/BDI/CO/2/Add.1，第 27(d)段。
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9 CAT/C/BDI/CO/2/Add.1, para. 27 (d).
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公职人员实施、唆使或纵容此类行为，并在发生此类行为时予以惩罚。此外，他回顾了他在国家情报局牢房和 Mpimba 中央监狱时遭受的拘留条件。申诉人再次提到委员会关于布隆迪初次报告的结论性意见，其中指出布隆迪的拘留条件构成不人道和有辱人格的待遇。10 最后，申诉人回顾说，尽管他病情危急，但他在拘留期间没有得到任何治疗，因此他认为，他的拘留条件违反了《公约》第 16条。
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3.7 The complainant repeats that the violent acts inflicted on him constitute torture, in accordance with the definition in article 1 of the Convention. Should the Committee not agree to qualify it as such, he maintains that the abuse he endured constitutes cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and that, on this basis, the State party also has an obligation, under article 16 of the Convention, to prevent public officials from committing, instigating or tolerating such acts and to punish them if they do. In addition, he recalls the conditions of detention that he had to endure in the National Intelligence Service cells and at Mpimba central prison. The complainant refers again to the Committee’s concluding observations on the initial report of Burundi, in which it noted that conditions of detention in Burundi amounted to inhuman and degrading treatment. 10 Lastly, the complainant recalls that he received no medical treatment while in detention, despite being in critical condition, and therefore concludes that the conditions of detention he experienced constitute a violation of article 16 of the Convention.
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缔约国不予合作
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Lack of cooperation from the State party
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4. 2017 年 1 月 5 日、2019 年 7 月 4 日和 2020 年 4 月 28 日，委员会请缔约国提交关于来文可否受理和实质问题的意见。委员会注意到未收到任何答复，并对缔约国缺乏合作，未就本申诉提出意见感到遗憾。11 委员会回顾，根据《公约》，所涉缔约国有义务向委员会提交书面解释或声明，以澄清问题，并说明可能已经采取的补救措施。在缔约国未作答复的情况下，必须对申诉人经适当证实的指称给予应有的重视。
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4. On 5 January 2017, 4 July 2019 and 28 April 2020, the State party was invited to submit its observations on the admissibility and merits of the communication. The Committee notes that it has received no response and regrets the lack of cooperation from the State party in sharing its observations on the present complaint.11 It recalls that the State party is obliged, pursuant to the Convention, to submit to the Committee written explanations or statements clarifying the matter and indicating the measures, if any, that may have been taken to remedy the situation. In the absence of a response from the State party, due weight must be given to the complainant’s allegations that have been properly substantiated.
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委员会需处理的问题和议事情况
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Issues and proceedings before the Committee
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审议可否受理
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Consideration of admissibility
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5.1 在审议来文所载的任何申诉之前，委员会必须决定来文是否符合《公约》第22 条规定的受理条件。按照《公约》第 22 条第 5 款(a)项的要求，委员会已确定同一事项过去和现在均未受到另一国际调查或解决程序的审查。
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5.1 Before considering any complaint submitted in a communication, the Committee must decide whether it is admissible under article 22 of the Convention. The Committee has ascertained, as it is required to do under article 22 (5) (a) of the Convention, that the same matter has not been and is not being examined under another procedure of international investigation or settlement.
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5.2 鉴于受理本来文不存在任何障碍，委员会着手审议申诉人根据《公约》第 1条、第 2 条第 1 款、第 11 至 14 条和第 16 条提出的申诉的实质问题。
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5.2 In the absence of any obstacle to the admissibility of the communication, the Committee proceeds to its consideration of the merits of the claims submitted by the complainant under articles 1, 2 (1), 11–14 and 16 of the Convention.
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审议实质问题
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Consideration of the merits
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6.1 委员会依照《公约》第 22 条第 4 款的规定，结合当事各方提供的所有材料审议了本来文。鉴于缔约国未就实质问题提出任何意见，必须对申诉人的指称给予应有的重视。
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6.1 The Committee has considered the complaint in the light of all the information made available to it by the parties, in accordance with article 22 (4) of the Convention. As the State party has not provided any observations on the merits, due weight must be given to the complainant’s allegations.
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6.2 委员会注意到，申诉人称，在警察对团结民主运动总部采取的行动中，他的右臂受了严重枪伤，尽管他的健康状况不佳，警察仍用枪托和警棍打他，还踢他的全身，持续了约 15 分钟。委员会还注意到：(a) 警察让申诉人待在其车后座上四个多小时，才把他送到医院；(b) 警察不允许布隆迪红十字会人员向申诉人提供医疗救助；(c) 申诉人受到侮辱和恐吓；(d) 在一个民间社会组织施加压力的情况下，申诉人才被送往医院。委员会还注意到，医院没有按照申诉人律师的要求提供他的医疗记录，以便能够向当局提出其遭受虐待的证据。委员会还注意到申诉人称，对他的殴打给他造成了严重的疼痛和痛苦，包括精神和心理上的痛10 CAT/C/BDI/CO/1，第 17 段。另见 CAT/C/BDI/CO/2，第 15 段，以及联合国人权事务高级专员办事处，“The international community should continue to help Burundi to implement its internationalhuman rights obligations”，2010 年 5 月 28 日新闻稿。11 O.N.诉布隆迪(CAT/C/71/D/843/2017)，第 4 段；Ndagijimana 诉布隆迪(CAT/C/62/D/496/2012 和CAT/C/62/D/496/2012/Corr.1)，第 7 段；Ndarisigaranye 诉布隆迪(CAT/C/62/D/493/2012 和CAT/C/62/D/493/2012/Corr.1)，第 7 段；以及 Ntikarahera 诉布隆迪(CAT/C/52/D/503/2012)，第4 段。苦，据称警察是为了惩罚和恐吓他而故意这么做的。另外，委员会还注意到，缔约国从未对这些事实提出异议。在这种情况下，委员会得出结论认为，申诉人陈
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6.2 The Committee notes the complainant’s claim that he suffered a serious gunshot wound to the right arm during the police operation at the headquarters of the Mouvement pour la solidarité et la démocratie and that despite his condition, police officers beat him with rifle butts and batons and kicked him all over his body for 15 minutes. The Committee also notes that: (a) the police officers kept the complainant in the back of their vehicle for over four hours before taking him to hospital; (b) that the police officers did not allow Burundi Red Cross personnel to provide the complainant with medical assistance; (c) that the complainant was insulted and threatened; and (d) that it was only as a result of pressure from a civil society organization that the complainant was taken to hospital. The Committee also 10 CAT/C/BDI/CO/1, para. 17. See also CAT/C/BDI/CO/2, para. 15, and Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, “The international community should continue to help Burundi to implement its international human rights obligations”, press release, 28 May 2010. 11 O.N. v. Burundi (CAT/C/71/D/843/2017), para. 4; Ndagijimana v. Burundi (CAT/C/62/D/496/2012 and CAT/C/62/D/496/2012/Corr.1), para. 7; Ndarisigaranye v. Burundi (CAT/C/62/D/493/2012 and CAT/C/62/D/493/2012/Corr.1), para. 7; and Ntikarahera v. Burundi (CAT/C/52/D/503/2012), para. 4. notes that the hospital did not comply with requests from the complainant’s lawyer for his medical records to enable him to present evidence to the authorities of the abuse the complainant had suffered. The Committee likewise takes note of the complainant’s allegations that the blows he received caused him extreme pain and suffering, including anguish and psychological suffering, and were reportedly deliberately inflicted by agents of the State with the objective of punishing and intimidating him. At no time have these
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约国从未对这些事实提出异议。在这种情况下，委员会得出结论认为，申诉人陈述的事实构成《公约》第 1 条意义上的酷刑。12
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allegations been contested by the State party. In these circumstances, the Committee concludes that the facts as presented by the complainant constitute torture within the meaning of article 1 of the Convention.12
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6.3 申诉人还援引了《公约》第 2 条第 1 款，根据该款，缔约国应采取有效的立法、行政、司法和其他措施，防止在其管辖的领土上发生酷刑行为。在这方面，委员会回顾其关于布隆迪初次报告的结论和建议，其中委员会敦促缔约国采取有效的立法、行政和司法措施，防止一切酷刑和虐待行为，并采取紧急措施，使所有拘留场所接受司法当局管理，防止官员进行任意逮捕和实施酷刑。13 在本案中，委员会注意到，申诉人声称他遭到警察殴打，并在健康状况危急的情况下被拘留，得不到适当的治疗，他试图向当局质疑其拘留的合法性，但未果。委员会还注意到，在非政府组织介入此事、对申诉人表示支持之前，缔约国没有采取任何措施保护申诉人。最后，尽管申诉人多次要求，但国家当局仍未采取任何措施调查他遭受的酷刑行为，并予以必要的惩罚。鉴于上述情况，委员会得出结论认为，存在违反《公约》第 2 条第 1 款(与第 1 条一并解读)的情况。14
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6.3 The complainant also invokes article 2 (1) of the Convention, under which the State party should have taken effective legislative, administrative, judicial or other measures to prevent acts of torture in any territory under its jurisdiction. In this respect, the Committee recalls its conclusions and recommendations in respect of the initial report of Burundi, in which it urged the State party to take effective legislative, administrative and judicial measures to prevent all acts of torture and all ill-treatment and to take steps, as a matter of urgency, to bring all places of detention under judicial control and to prevent its officials from making arbitrary arrests and engaging in torture.13 In the present case, the Committee takes note of the complainant’s claims that he was beaten by the police, then detained while in critical condition without access to appropriate medical care, and that his attempts to challenge the lawfulness of his detention before the authorities were in vain. The Committee also notes that the State party did not take any measures to protect the complainant until non-governmental organizations intervened to support him. Lastly, the State authorities have taken no steps to investigate the acts of torture suffered by the complainant and duly punish those responsible, despite the complaints he repeatedly presented in this regard. In the light of the foregoing, the Committee finds a violation of article 2 (1), read in conjunction with article 1, of the Convention.14
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6.4 委员会还注意到，申诉人认为《公约》第 11 条遭到违反，因为缔约国没有对他在拘留期间受到的待遇进行必要的监督。他特别指出：(a) 尽管他在被捕时情况危急，但没有得到适当的护理；(b) 他在被捕一个半月后才见到律师，因此2014 年 3 月 14 日在检察院接受讯问时没有律师协助；(c) 他在被捕时未被告知指控罪名；(d) 他没有质疑酷刑行为的有效补救办法；(e) 尽管他的健康状况危急，但仍被关押在“条件恶劣”的 Mpimba 监狱。委员会回顾其关于布隆迪第二次定期报告的结论性意见，其中委员会对以下情况表示关切：警方拘留时间过长；多次超过拘留期限；无入狱登记或登记不全；不遵守对被剥夺自由者的基本法律保障；没有关于就医或贫困人员获取司法援助的规定；过度使用审前拘留，因为缺乏对其合法性的定期审查和对其总时限的限制。15 在本案中，申诉人似乎被剥夺了任何形式的司法监督。鉴于缔约国没有提供任何令人信服的证据，证明它确实对申诉人的拘留情况有所监督，委员会认为缔约国违反了《公约》第11 条。16
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6.4 The Committee also notes the complainant’s argument that article 11 of the Convention was violated because the State party failed to properly oversee the treatment he received while in detention. He argues, in particular, that: (a) despite his critical condition at the time of arrest, he did not receive appropriate care; (b) he was not given access to a lawyer until a month and a half after his arrest and was therefore not assisted during his questioning at the public prosecutor’s office on 14 March 2014; (c) he was arrested without being informed of the charges against him; (d) he did not have effective remedies to challenge the acts of torture; and (e) he was detained in “deplorable conditions” at Mpimba prison, despite his critical state of health. The Committee recalls its concluding observations regarding the second periodic report of Burundi, in which it expressed concern at the excessive length of time during which people can be held in police custody, numerous instances in which the permissible duration of police custody has been exceeded, failures to keep registers on persons in custody or to ensure that such records are complete, failures to comply with fundamental legal safeguards for persons deprived of their liberty, the absence of provisions that guarantee access to a doctor and access to legal assistance for persons of limited means, and the excessive use of pretrial detention in the absence of regular reviews of its legality and of any limit on its total duration.15 In the present case, the complainant appears to have been deprived of any form of judicial oversight. In the absence of any compelling evidence from the State party that it did supervise the complainant’s detention, the Committee finds that the State party has violated article 11 of the Convention.16
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6.5 关于《公约》第 12 条和第 13 条，委员会注意到申诉人的指称，即 2014 年 3月 8 日，他在警察对团结民主运动总部实施干预时被警察开枪打伤，并遭到殴打。尽管他于 2014 年 3 月 14 日向布琼布拉的共和国总检察长提出申诉，并在2014 年 6 月 25 日和 2015 年 2 月 20 日的听审中向法官报告了他所遭受的酷刑，但在事件发生近六年以来，一直没有进行任何调查。委员会认为，对酷刑指称的调查拖延如此之久显然是不合理的。在这方面，委员会回顾，根据《公约》第
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6.5 In respect of articles 12 and 13 of the Convention, the Committee notes the complainant’s allegations that, on 8 March 2014, he was shot and beaten by police officers during a police operation at the headquarters of the Mouvement pour la solidarité et la démocratie. Although he filed a complaint on 14 March 2014 with the Bujumbura State
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12 Ndagijimana 诉布隆迪，第 8.2 段；Ndarisigaranye 诉布隆迪，第 8.2 段；Kabura 诉布隆迪(CAT/C/59/D/549/2013)，第 7.2 段；以及 Niyonzima 诉布隆迪(CAT/C/53/D/514/2012)，第 8.2段。
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12 Ndagijimana v. Burundi, para. 8.2; Ndarisigaranye v. Burundi, para. 8.2; Kabura v. Burundi (CAT/C/59/D/549/2013), para. 7.2; and Niyonzima v. Burundi (CAT/C/53/D/514/2012), para. 8.2.
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13 CAT/C/BDI/CO/1，第 10 段。
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13 CAT/C/BDI/CO/1, para. 10.
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14 Ndagijimana 诉布隆迪，第 8.4 段；Ndarisigaranye 诉布隆迪，第 8.3 段；Niyonzima 诉布隆迪，第 8.4 段；以及 E.N.诉布隆迪(CAT/C/56/D/578/2013)，第 7.5 段。
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14 Ndagijimana v. Burundi, para. 8.4; Ndarisigaranye v. Burundi, para. 8.3; Niyonzima v. Burundi, para. 8.4; and E.N. v. Burundi (CAT/C/56/D/578/2013), para. 7.5.
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15 CAT/C/BDI/CO/2，第 10 段。
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15 CAT/C/BDI/CO/2, para. 10.
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16 E.N.诉布隆迪，第 7.6 段。
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16 E.N. v. Burundi, para. 7.6.
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16 E.N.诉布隆迪，第 7.6 段。12 条，缔约国有义务在有合理理由认为发生了酷刑行为时，依职权立即进行公正的调查。17 因此，在本案中，委员会认为存在违反《公约》第 12 条的情况。
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Prosecutor and reported the torture he had suffered before the judge at hearings on 25 June 2014 and 20 February 2015, no investigation has been conducted almost six years after the events. The Committee considers that so long a delay in initiating an investigation into allegations of torture is patently unjustified. In this regard, it draws attention to the State party’s obligation under article 12 of the Convention to ensure that its competent authorities proceed automatically to a prompt and impartial investigation wherever there is reasonable ground to believe that an act of torture has been committed.17 The Committee therefore finds a violation of article 12 of the Convention.
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6.6 缔约国没有履行调查义务，也就没有履行《公约》第 13 条规定的责任，即保障申诉人提出申诉的权利，这需要当局作出适当反应，展开迅速和公正的调查。18 因此，委员会认定还违反了《公约》第 13 条。
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6.6 By failing to meet its obligation to investigate, the State party has also failed to fulfil its responsibility under article 13 of the Convention to guarantee the right of the complainant to lodge a complaint, which presupposes that the authorities provide a satisfactory response by launching a prompt and impartial investigation.18 The Committee therefore also finds a violation of article 13 of the Convention.
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6.7 关于申诉人根据《公约》第 14 条提出的申诉，委员会回顾，该条不仅承认获得公平和适当赔偿的权利，还规定缔约国有义务确保酷刑受害者获得补救。委员会回顾，补救应涵盖受害者遭受的所有伤害，包括恢复原状、赔偿和保证不再发生侵权行为等措施，并始终视个案情况而定。19 在本案中，尽管有明确的物证表明申诉人是酷刑行为的受害者，但没有进行迅速和公正的调查，酷刑行为没有受到惩罚，因此，委员会得出结论认为，缔约国也没有履行《公约》第 14 条规定的义务。20
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6.7 Regarding the complainant’s claims under article 14 of the Convention, the Committee recalls that this article not only recognizes the right to fair and adequate compensation but also requires States parties to ensure that the victim of an act of torture obtains redress. The Committee recalls that redress should cover all the harm suffered by the victim and should encompass, among other measures, restitution, compensation and guarantees of non-repetition of the violations, taking into account the circumstances of the individual case. 19 In the present case, given the absence of a prompt and impartial investigation despite clear material evidence that the complainant was the victim of acts of torture, which have gone unpunished, the Committee concludes that the State party has also failed to fulfil its obligations under article 14 of the Convention.20
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6.8 关于根据《公约》第 16 条提出的申诉，委员会注意到，申诉人声称他被关押在 Mpimba 中央监狱，那里的拘留条件特别有辱人格和不人道，并无法获得适当的医疗服务。鉴于缔约国没有提供这方面的任何相关资料，委员会得出结论认为，本案的事实表明缔约国违反了《公约》第 16 条规定的义务。21
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6.8 As for the grievance under article 16 of the Convention, the Committee notes the complainant’s claim that he was detained at Mpimba central prison, where conditions of detention are particularly degrading and inhuman, without access to appropriate medical care. In the absence of any relevant information from the State party in this regard, the Committee concludes that the facts in the present case disclose a violation by the State party of its obligations under article 16 of the Convention.21
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7. 委员会根据《公约》第 22 条第 7 款行事，认为现有事实表明缔约国违反了《公约》第 2 条第 1 款、第 11、12、13、14 条(与第 1 条一并解读)和第 16 条。委员会注意到缔约国不予合作，这违反了《公约》第 22 条。
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7. The Committee, acting under article 22 (7) of the Convention, concludes that the facts before it disclose violations of articles 2 (1) and 11–14, read in conjunction with article 1, and of article 16 of the Convention. The Committee notes the lack of cooperation by the State party, which amounts to a violation of article 22 of the Convention.
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8. 委员会敦促缔约国立即对有关事件展开公正调查，以期将可能对申诉人所受待遇负有责任的人绳之以法。
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8. The Committee urges the State party to launch an impartial investigation into the events in question, with a view to bringing those allegedly responsible for the complainant’s treatment to justice.
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9. 委员会根据议事规则第 118 条第 5 款，请缔约国在本决定送交之日起 90 天内，向委员会通报为落实上述意见而采取的措施，包括适当和公平的赔偿，包括使受害者尽可能完全康复的手段。
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9. Pursuant to rule 118 (5) of its rules of procedure, the Committee invites the State party to inform it, within 90 days of the date of transmittal of this decision, of the steps it has taken to respond to the above observations, including adequate and fair compensation encompassing the means for as full a rehabilitation as possible of the victim.
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17 Ndagijimana 诉布隆迪，第 8.5 段，Ndarisigaranye 诉布隆迪，第 8.5 段；Kabura 诉布隆迪，第7.4 段；以及 Niyonzima 诉布隆迪，第 8.4 段。
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17 Ndagijimana v. Burundi, para. 8.5; Ndarisigaranye v. Burundi, para. 8.5; Kabura v. Burundi, para. 7.4; and Niyonzima v. Burundi, para. 8.4.
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18 Niyonzima 诉布隆迪，第 8.5 段。
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18 Niyonzima v. Burundi, para. 8.5.
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19 同上，第 8.6 段。另见 Ntikarahera 诉布隆迪，第 6.5 段。
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19 Ibid., para. 8.6. See also Ntikarahera v. Burundi, para. 6.5.
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20 Ndarisigaranye 诉布隆迪，第 8.7 段。
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20 Ndarisigaranye v. Burundi, para. 8.7.
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联合国 A/RES/77/39
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United Nations A/RES/77/39
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大 会 Distr.: General
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General Assembly Distr.: General
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12 December 2022(C) 121222 151222
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12 December 2022
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(C) 121222 151222
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22-28106 (E) 151222
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*2228106*
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*2228106*
|
第七十七届会议
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Seventy-seventh session
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议程项目 96
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Agenda item 96
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缔结关于保证不对无核武器国家使用或威胁使用核武器的有效国际安排2022 年 12 月 7 日大会决议[根据第一委员会的报告(A/77/382，第 7 段)通过]77/39. 缔结关于保证不对无核武器国家使用或威胁使用核武器的有效国际安排大会，铭记有必要消除世界各国在确保本国国民持久安全方面的合理忧虑，深信核武器对人类并对文明的存续造成最大威胁，注意到应把重新出现的对核裁军的关心转变为具体行动，以求达成有效国际控制下的全面彻底裁军，深信要消除核战争的危险就必须进行核裁军并彻底消除核武器，决心严格遵守《联合国宪章》关于不使用武力或以武力相威胁的规定，确认必须保障无核武器国家的独立、领土完整和主权不受使用或威胁使用武力，包括使用或威胁使用核武器的危害，认为在全球实现核裁军之前，国际社会必须制定有效措施和安排，以确保没有任何方面使用或威胁使用核武器危害无核武器国家的安全，确认保证不对无核武器国家使用或威胁使用核武器的有效措施和安排可对防止核武器扩散作出积极贡献，铭记大会第十届特别会议，即专门讨论裁军问题的第一届特别会议《最后文件》1 第 59 段，其中敦促核武器国家根据情况致力于缔结有效安排，以保证不对无核武器国家使用或威胁使用核武器，并希望促进《最后文件》有关规定的执行，
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Conclusion of effective international arrangements to assure non-nuclear-weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 7 December 2022 [on the report of the First Committee (A/77/382, para. 7)] 77/39. Conclusion of effective international arrangements to assure non-nuclear-weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons The General Assembly, Bearing in mind the need to allay the legitimate concern of the States of the world with regard to ensuring lasting security for their peoples, Convinced that nuclear weapons pose the greatest threat to humankind and to the survival of civilization, Noting that the renewed interest in nuclear disarmament should be translated into concrete actions for the achievement of general and complete disarmament under effective international control, Convinced that nuclear disarmament and the complete elimination of nuclear weapons are essential to remove the danger of nuclear war, Determined to abide strictly by the relevant provisions of the Charter of the United Nations on the non-use of force or threat of force, Recognizing that the independence, territorial integrity and sovereignty of non-nuclear-weapon States need to be safeguarded against the use or threat of use of force, including the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons, Considering that, until nuclear disarmament is achieved on a universal basis, it is imperative for the international community to develop effective measures and arrangements to ensure the security of non-nuclear-weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons from any quarter, s against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons 2/3 22-28106 Recognizing that effective measures and arrangements to assure non-nuclear-weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons can contribute positively to the prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons, Bearing in mind paragraph 59 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session of the General Assembly, the first special session devoted to disarmament, 1 in which it urged the nuclear-weapon States to pursue efforts to conclude, as appropriate, effective arrangements to assure non-nuclear-weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons, and desirous of promoting the implementation of the relevant provisions of the Final Document,
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回顾裁军谈判委员会2 提交大会第十二届特别会议，即专门讨论裁军问题的第二届特别会议的特别报告、3 裁军谈判会议提交大会第十五届特别会议，即专门讨论裁军问题的第三届特别会议的特别报告4 和裁军谈判会议 1992 年届会报告的有关部分，5
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Recalling the relevant parts of the special report of the Committee on Disarmament2 submitted to the General Assembly at its twelfth special session, the second special session devoted to disarmament, 3 and of the special report of the Conference on Disarmament submitted to the Assembly at its fifteenth special session, the third special session devoted to disarmament, 4 as well as the report of the Conference on its 1992 session,5
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又回顾大会 1980 年 12 月 3 日第 35/46 号决议附件所载《宣布 1980 年代为第二个裁军十年宣言》第 12 段，其中除其他外指出，裁军谈判委员会应竭尽全力紧急进行谈判，以求就保证不对无核武器国家使用或威胁使用核武器的有效国际安排达成协议，
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Recalling also paragraph 12 of the Declaration of the 1980s as the Second Disarmament Decade, contained in the annex to its resolution 35/46 of 3 December 1980, in which it is stated, inter alia, that all efforts should be exerted by the Committee on Disarmament urgently to negotiate with a view to reaching agreement on effective international arrangements to assure non-nuclear-weapon States against the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons,
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