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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahamane%20Kalil%20Maiga

Mahamane Kalil Maiga

Mahamane Kalil Maiga (born 26 May 1948) is a Malian scientist and politician. He served as Minister of Defense and Armed Forces of Mali from 2002 to 2004, under the administration of President Amadou Toumani Touré. Biography Early life and education Mahamane Kalil Maiga was born and raised in Timbuktu, the City of the 333 Saints. He is the son of Kalil Maiga, a chief city district and Arkia Baba Ascofaré, a notable trader in Timbuktu. He attended primary school at the Regional School of Timbuktu from 1954 to 1960 before transferring to the Modern College of Gao where for middle school from 1960 to 1964. Then he completed his secondary education at Askia Mohamed High School in Bamako from 1964 to 1967 where he graduated top of his class with a diploma in biology, before leaving for Europe and then North America to pursue higher education. Upon finishing high school, he won a national scholarship to attend university in Poland where he obtained both his Doctor of Medicine degree in 1974 and Doctor of Science (D.Sc.) degree in Nephrology in 1978 from the Academy of Medicine in Wroclaw. He furthered his education by attending the Free University of Berlin and became Facharzt (specialist) in internal medicine in 1981 at Klinikum Stieglitz. In 1984, he was conferred the title of Professor of Medicine of Nephrology after obtaining his aggregation (PhD equivalent) in Paris, France. Later in 1988, after attending Boston University in Massachusetts, USA, he obtained a Master of Public Health (MPH), a certificate in financial management of health services in developing countries, a certificate of healthcare system strategies in developing countries and a certificate of management of maternal and child health. His international exposure makes him a fluent speaker of 7 languages including Arabic, Bambara, English, French, German, Polish and Songhai. Medical career and teaching activities Mahamane Kalil Maiga started his medical career as a Medical intern in nephrology for the Department of Nephrology of the Academy of Medicine in Wroclaw, Poland from 1975 to 1977. During these years he also taught nephrology and hypertension courses and conducted research activities on prostaglandin hormones at the academy. When he moved to Germany, he was appointed as the Deputy Head of Clinic in internal medicine and nephrology of Klinikum Stieglitz at the Free University of Berlin from 1978 to 1981. Simultaneously, he continued to teach courses of nephrology, kidney transplant and hypertension and conducting research activities on prostaglandins hormones at the Free University of Berlin. Since returning to Mali in 1981 until the present, he founded the Nephrology and Haemodialysis Department of the National University Hospital of Point G in Bamako, Mali. From 1981 to date he has the Head of the Department at the hospital as well as a Professor of nephrology and internal medicine at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of the University of Bamako in Mali while conducting a research program on kidney disorders risk factors. During his years in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, he has been working as Associate Professor of public health dealing with HIV/AIDS management in Sub-Saharan Africa for the School of Public Health of Boston University. Early in his career Mahamane Kalil Maiga engaged in a campaign to reform the public healthcare system in Mali. He participated in the set-up of community health centers and the evaluation of the Primary Health Care (PHC) teams at district levels in Mali. Later he joined international organizations to further contribute to this effort and engage the global community to aid Mali. From 1991 to 1996, he worked for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the World Health Organization (WHO) leading the Mali country teams. He also played a key role working for WHO during the Rwanda genocide. From 1994 to 1995, he was the Team leader of the WHO team in Goma-North Kivu, in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), dealing with emergency humanitarian aid and epidemiology surveillance in the Rwanda refugees' camps. He then became the Head of the WHO Rwanda office and Senior WHO Epidemiologist in charge of the project for the rehabilitation of the national system of epidemiological surveillance in Rwanda. He was also responsible for the preparation of a health sector contingency plan for the return and reintegration of Rwanda refugees. Kidney transplantation campaign Mahamane Kalil Maiga founded the Nephrology and Haemodialysis Department of the national university Hospital Point G in 1981. To date his department is the only health center in Mali where patients suffering with kidney problems can be treated under dialysis. Mahamane Kalil Maiga has become the father of the science of Nephrology in Mali. He has taught and trained many students of the University of Bamako to become doctors in nephrology and specialists in dialysis. In April 2002, he founded the Transplantation Society of Mali, which is a commission of 46 members from the medical profession who tackled and addressed issues related to kidney transplantation and its implications in Mali. On 19 November 2008 the Government and Congress of Mali passed the legislation proposed by the Transplantation Society of Mali, allowing organs transplantation in Mali. Shortly after, working with partners such as the WHO, the International Society of Nephrology, The Transplantation Society, the Global Alliance for Transplantation, the African Association of Nephrology he turned the attention and interest of international health professionals globally to the case of transplantation in Mali and Africa. For the first time in the history of Africa, the very first international conference on organ transplantation in Africa was organized in Bamako, Mali from 4 to 6 December 2008 thanks to dedicated health professionals and scientists such as Mahamane Kalil Maiga who strive to improve health technologies and healthcare systems in Africa. Political activism Mahamane Kalil Maiga is a founding member of the Malian umbrella movement and political party ADEMA – Alliance pour la Démocratie au Mali (Alliance for Democracy in Mali), which was created in 1990 and united several political alliances, following the dictatorship of Former President Moussa Traoré. He is also a founding member and leader of Movement Citoyen (Civic Movement), a political action organization, created in the early 2000s to advocate for the civic rights of the people. Mouvement Citoyen has supported the candidacy of Amadou Toumani Touré during the 2002 presidential elections. From 2002 to 2004, Mahamane Kalil Maiga served as Minister of Defense and Armed Forces in Mali. References 1948 births Living people Malian nephrologists Alliance for Democracy in Mali politicians Boston University School of Public Health alumni Government ministers of Mali People from Timbuktu University of Bamako faculty 21st-century Malian people

<mask> (born 26 May 1948) is a Malian scientist and politician. He served as Minister of Defense and Armed Forces of Mali from 2002 to 2004, under the administration of President Amadou Toumani Touré. Biography Early life and education <mask> was born and raised in Timbuktu, the City of the 333 Saints. He is the son of <mask>, a chief city district and Arkia Baba Ascofaré, a notable trader in Timbuktu. He attended primary school at the Regional School of Timbuktu from 1954 to 1960 before transferring to the Modern College of Gao where for middle school from 1960 to 1964. Then he completed his secondary education at Askia Mohamed High School in Bamako from 1964 to 1967 where he graduated top of his class with a diploma in biology, before leaving for Europe and then North America to pursue higher education. Upon finishing high school, he won a national scholarship to attend university in Poland where he obtained both his Doctor of Medicine degree in 1974 and Doctor of Science (D.Sc.)degree in Nephrology in 1978 from the Academy of Medicine in Wroclaw. He furthered his education by attending the Free University of Berlin and became Facharzt (specialist) in internal medicine in 1981 at Klinikum Stieglitz. In 1984, he was conferred the title of Professor of Medicine of Nephrology after obtaining his aggregation (PhD equivalent) in Paris, France. Later in 1988, after attending Boston University in Massachusetts, USA, he obtained a Master of Public Health (MPH), a certificate in financial management of health services in developing countries, a certificate of healthcare system strategies in developing countries and a certificate of management of maternal and child health. His international exposure makes him a fluent speaker of 7 languages including Arabic, Bambara, English, French, German, Polish and Songhai. Medical career and teaching activities <mask> <mask> <mask> Stieglitz at the Free University of Berlin from 1978 to 1981. Simultaneously, he continued to teach courses of nephrology, kidney transplant and hypertension and conducting research activities on prostaglandins hormones at the Free University of Berlin. Since returning to Mali in 1981 until the present, he founded the Nephrology and Haemodialysis Department of the National University Hospital of Point G in Bamako, Mali. From 1981 to date he has the Head of the Department at the hospital as well as a Professor of nephrology and internal medicine at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of the University of Bamako in Mali while conducting a research program on kidney disorders risk factors. During his years in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, he has been working as Associate Professor of public health dealing with HIV/AIDS management in Sub-Saharan Africa for the School of Public Health of Boston University. Early in his career <mask> <mask> <mask> engaged in a campaign to reform the public healthcare system in Mali. He participated in the set-up of community health centers and the evaluation of the Primary Health Care (PHC) teams at district levels in Mali.Later he joined international organizations to further contribute to this effort and engage the global community to aid Mali. From 1991 to 1996, he worked for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the World Health Organization (WHO) leading the Mali country teams. He also played a key role working for WHO during the Rwanda genocide. From 1994 to 1995, he was the Team leader of the WHO team in Goma-North Kivu, in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), dealing with emergency humanitarian aid and epidemiology surveillance in the Rwanda refugees' camps. He then became the Head of the WHO Rwanda office and Senior WHO Epidemiologist in charge of the project for the rehabilitation of the national system of epidemiological surveillance in Rwanda. He was also responsible for the preparation of a health sector contingency plan for the return and reintegration of Rwanda refugees. Kidney transplantation campaign <mask> <mask> <mask> founded the Nephrology and Haemodialysis Department of the national university Hospital Point G in 1981.To date his department is the only health center in Mali where patients suffering with kidney problems can be treated under dialysis. <mask> <mask> <mask> has become the father of the science of Nephrology in Mali. He has taught and trained many students of the University of Bamako to become doctors in nephrology and specialists in dialysis. In April 2002, he founded the Transplantation Society of Mali, which is a commission of 46 members from the medical profession who tackled and addressed issues related to kidney transplantation and its implications in Mali. On 19 November 2008 the Government and Congress of Mali passed the legislation proposed by the Transplantation Society of Mali, allowing organs transplantation in Mali. Shortly after, working with partners such as the WHO, the International Society of Nephrology, The Transplantation Society, the Global Alliance for Transplantation, the African Association of Nephrology he turned the attention and interest of international health professionals globally to the case of transplantation in Mali and Africa. For the first time in the history of Africa, the very first international conference on organ transplantation in Africa was organized in Bamako, Mali from 4 to 6 December 2008 thanks to dedicated health professionals and scientists such as <mask> <mask> <mask> who strive to improve health technologies and healthcare systems in Africa.Political activism <mask> <mask> <mask> is a founding member of the Malian umbrella movement and political party ADEMA – Alliance pour la Démocratie au Mali (Alliance for Democracy in Mali), which was created in 1990 and united several political alliances, following the dictatorship of Former President Moussa Traoré. He is also a founding member and leader of Movement Citoyen (Civic Movement), a political action organization, created in the early 2000s to advocate for the civic rights of the people. Mouvement Citoyen has supported the candidacy of Amadou Toumani Touré during the 2002 presidential elections. From 2002 to 2004, <mask> <mask> <mask> served as Minister of Defense and Armed Forces in Mali. References 1948 births Living people Malian nephrologists Alliance for Democracy in Mali politicians Boston University School of Public Health alumni Government ministers of Mali People from Timbuktu University of Bamako faculty 21st-century Malian people

A Malian scientist and politician is named <mask>. He held the position of Minister of Defense and armed forces of Malian from 2002 to 2004. In Timbuktu, the City of the 333 Saints, <mask> was born and raised. He is the son of <mask>, a chief city district, and Arkia Baba Ascofaré, a notable trader in Timbuktu. He attended the Regional School of Timbuktu from 1954 to 1960 and the Modern College of Gao from 1960 to 1964. After graduating top of his class at Askia Mohamed High School in Bamako in 1964, he went to Europe and North America to pursue higher education. He obtained a Doctor of Medicine degree in 1974 and a Doctor of Science degree in 1975, after winning a national scholarship to attend a university in Poland.The Academy of Medicine in Wroclaw has a degree in Nephrology. He attended the Free University of Berlin and became a specialist in internal medicine. He was given the title of Professor of Medicine of Nephrology in 1984 after obtaining his PhD in Paris, France. He obtained a Master of Public Health (MPH), a certificate in financial management of health services in developing countries, a certificate of healthcare system strategies in developing countries, and a certificate of management of maternal and child health. He is a proficient speaker of 7 languages, including Arabic, Bambara, English, French, German, Polish and Songhai. From 1975 to 1977 <mask> <mask> <mask> was a Medical intern in the Department of Nephrology of the Academy of Medicine in Wroclaw, Poland. He taught hypertension courses and conducted research on prostaglandin hormones at the academy.He was the deputy head of the internal medicine and nephrology department at the Free University of Berlin from 1978 to 1981 when he moved to Germany. He continued to teach and conduct research on prostaglandins hormones at the Free University of Berlin. He founded the Nephrology and Haemodialysis Department of the National University Hospital of Point G in Bamako, Malian, in 1981 after returning to the country. He is the Head of the Department at the hospital as well as a Professor of nephrology and internal medicine at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of the University of Bamako in Malian. He is an Associate Professor of public health at the School of Public Health of Boston University, dealing with HIV/AIDS management in Sub-Saharan Africa. Maiga was involved in a campaign to reform the public healthcare system in Malian. He was involved in the evaluation of the Primary Health Care teams at district levels.He joined international organizations to aid the effort. From 1991 to 1996 he worked for the United Nations Development Programme and the World Health Organization. He worked for WHO during the Rwanda genocide. He was the leader of the WHO team in Goma-North Kivu from 1994 to 1995 and dealt with emergency humanitarian aid. The Senior WHO Epidemiologist was in charge of the project for the rehabilitation of the national system of epidemiological surveillance. He was responsible for the preparation of a health sector contingency plan. The Nephrology and Haemodialysis Department of the national university Hospital Point G was founded in 1981 by Mahamane <mask> <mask>.The only health center in the country where patients can be treated for kidney problems is his department. The father of the science of Nephrology is <mask> <mask> <mask>. He has trained many students at the University of Bamako to become doctors. In April 2002, he founded the Transplantation Society of Malian, a commission of 46 members from the medical profession who tackled and addressed issues related to kidney transplantation and its implications in the country. Legislation was passed by the Congress of Malian on 19 November 2008 to allow transplants in the country. He turned the attention and interest of international health professionals to the case of transplantation in Africa after working with partners such as the WHO. The first international conference on organ transplantation in Africa was held in Bamako, Malian from December 4 to 6 2008 thanks to dedicated health professionals and scientists such as <mask> <mask> <mask> who strive to improve health technologies and healthcare systems in Africa.A founding member of the Malian umbrella movement and political party ADEMA, which was created in 1990 and united several political alliances, is <mask> <mask> <mask>. He is a founding member and leader of theCivic Movement, a political action organization created in the early 2000s to advocate for the civic rights of the people. During the 2002 presidential elections, Mouvement Citoyen supported Amadou Toumani Touré. From 2002 to 2004, <mask> was the minister of defense and armed forces. The Alliance for Democracy in Malian politicians are Boston University School of Public Health alumni.

1137983

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Rice

Tony Rice

David Anthony Rice (June 8, 1951 – December 25, 2020), known professionally as Tony Rice, was an American guitarist and bluegrass musician. He was an influential acoustic guitar player in bluegrass, progressive bluegrass, newgrass and acoustic jazz. He was inducted into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame in 2013. Rice's music spans the range of acoustic from traditional bluegrass to jazz-influenced New Acoustic music to songwriter-oriented folk. Over the course of his career, he played alongside J. D. Crowe and the New South, David Grisman (during the formation of "Dawg Music") and Jerry Garcia, led his own Tony Rice Unit, collaborated with Norman Blake, recorded with his brothers Wyatt, Ron, and Larry, and co-founded the Bluegrass Album Band. He recorded with drums, piano, soprano sax, as well as with traditional bluegrass instrumentation. Early years Rice was born in Danville, Virginia but grew up in Los Angeles, California, where his father, Herb Rice, introduced him to bluegrass. Tony and his brothers learned the fundamentals of bluegrass and country music from L.A. musicians like the Kentucky Colonels, led by Roland and Clarence White. Clarence White in particular became a huge influence on Rice. Crossing paths with fellow enthusiasts like Ry Cooder, Herb Pedersen and Chris Hillman reinforced the strength of the music he had learned from his father. Groups In 1970, Rice had moved to Louisville, Kentucky where he played with the Bluegrass Alliance, and shortly thereafter, J.D. Crowe's New South. The New South was known as one of the best and most progressive bluegrass groups—eventually adding drums and electric instruments (to Rice's displeasure). When Ricky Skaggs joined them in 1974, however, the band recorded J. D. Crowe & the New South, an acoustic album that became Rounder Records' top-seller up to that time. At this point, the group consisted of Rice on guitar and lead vocals, Crowe on banjo and vocals, Jerry Douglas on Dobro, Skaggs on fiddle, mandolin, and tenor vocals, and Bobby Slone on bass and fiddle. Around this time, Rice met mandolinist David Grisman, who played with Red Allen during the 1960s and was now working on original material that blended jazz, bluegrass, and classical styles. Rice left the New South and moved to California to join Grisman's all-instrumental group. As part of the David Grisman Quintet, in order to broaden his expertise and make himself more marketable, Rice began studying chord theory, learned to read charts, and began to expand his playing beyond bluegrass. Renowned guitarist John Carlini came in to teach Rice music theory, and Carlini helped him learn the intricacies of jazz playing and musical improvisation, in general. The David Grisman Quintet's 1977 debut recording is considered a landmark of acoustic string band music. In 1980, Rice, Crowe, Bobby Hicks, Doyle Lawson and Todd Phillips formed the Bluegrass Album Band and recorded from 1980 to 1996. With the Tony Rice Unit, he pursued experimental "spacegrass" music on Mar West, Still Inside, and Backwaters. Members of the Unit included Jimmy Gaudreau (mandolin), Wyatt Rice (guitar), Ronnie Simpkins (bass), John Reischman (mandolin), and Rickie Simpkins (fiddle). In the late 1980s Alison Krauss played regularly with the group in concert for about a year but never appeared on the albums. Alison Brown also guested with the group during that period. Collaborations In 1980, he recorded an album of bluegrass duets with Ricky Skaggs, called Skaggs & Rice. Two albums with traditional instrumentalist and songwriter Norman Blake garnered acclaim, as well as two Rice Brothers albums (1992 and 1994) that featured him teamed with his late elder brother, Larry, and younger brothers, Wyatt and Ronnie. Beginning in 1984, Rice collaborated on four albums by Béla Fleck – Double Time (Béla Fleck album) (1984), Drive (Béla Fleck album) (1988), Tales from the Acoustic Planet (1995), and The Bluegrass Sessions: Tales from the Acoustic Planet, Vol. 2 (1999). He joined David Grisman and Jerry Garcia in 1993 to record The Pizza Tapes. In 1994 Rice and Grisman recorded Tone Poems, an original collection of material, where they used historical vintage mandolins and guitars, different for each track. In 1994, Rice joined Mark Johnson to record "Clawgrass Mark Johnson with the Rice Brothers and Friends" which featured Tony as well as his late brother Larry Rice and his other brothers Wyatt and Ronnie. In 1995, Rice recorded a duo album with John Carlini, who also played with the David Grisman Quintet. In 1997, Rice, his brother Larry, Chris Hillman (formerly of the Flying Burrito Brothers and the Byrds) and banjoist Herb Pedersen founded the so-called "anti-supergroup" Rice, Rice, Hillman & Pedersen and produced three volumes of music between 1997 and 2001. In the 2000s and 2010s, he performed as a quartet with guitarist/singer-songwriter Peter Rowan, bassist Bryn Bright (later known as Bryn Davies), and mandolinist Billy Bright (replaced by Sharon Gilchrist). Solo career In 1979, Rice left Grisman's group to record Acoustics, a jazz-inspired album, and then Manzanita, a bluegrass and folk album. A similar combination was evident on Cold on the Shoulder, Native American, and Me & My Guitar, albums which combined bluegrass, jazzy guitar work, and the songwriting of Ian Tyson, Joni Mitchell, Phil Ochs, Tom Paxton, Bob Dylan, and Gordon Lightfoot. Rice's singing voice was a distinctive baritone. In 1994 he was diagnosed with a disorder known as muscle tension dysphonia and as a result was forced to stop singing in live performance. A 2014 diagnosis of lateral epicondylitis ("tennis elbow") made guitar playing painful and Rice's last performance playing guitar live was his induction into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame in 2013. In 2015, Rice was quoted as saying "I am not going to go back out into the public eye until I can be the musician that I was, where I left off or better. I have been blessed with a very devout audience all these years, and I am certainly not going to let anybody down. I am not going to risk going out there and performing in front of people again until I can entertain them in a way that takes away from them the rigors and the dust, the bumps in the road of everyday life." The authorized biography of Tony Rice, titled Still Inside: The Tony Rice Story, written by Tim Stafford and Hawaii-based journalist Caroline Wright, was published by Word of Mouth Press in Kingsport, Tennessee, United States in 2010. The book's official release took place at Merlefest in North Carolina. Death Tony Rice died at his home in Reidsville, North Carolina on December 25, 2020. He died while making his coffee, according to a statement from longtime friend and collaborator Ricky Skaggs. Rice’s 2013 induction into the International Bluegrass Hall of Fame reportedly was the last time he played guitar in public due to the lateral epicondylitis that affected his ability to play in his last years. Influence Tony Rice is said to have “redefined bluegrass guitar playing and left a lasting imprint on the genre." David Grisman called Rice “a complete musician of the highest caliber", and Ricky Skaggs said he was “the single most influential acoustic guitar player in the last 50 years." In a guitar lesson exploring Rice's style, Molly Tuttle noted "the beauty of Tony’s playing is that there’s something for everyone to learn from. I’ve been playing guitar for a long time, and I still go back to this and just want to listen to him strum the guitar." Rice was a big influence on the bluegrass band Punch Brothers who devoted their album Hell On Church Street as a tribute to Rice and to Rice's 1983 album Church Street Blues. Members of the Punch Brothers band said that Rice's earlier album had a huge impact on their music. In addition, guitarist Chris Eldridge was a student of Rice's. The group had intended that their album be a surprise gift to Rice, but unfortunately Rice passed away before they could finish it. Discography Awards Grammy Best Country Instrumental Performance – The New South, Fireball – 1983 IBMA Hall of Fame Inductee, 2013 Instrumental Performer of the Year – Guitar – 1990, 1991, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2007 Instrumental Group of the Year – The Tony Rice Unit – 1991, 1995 Instrumental Group of the Year – Bluegrass Album Band – 1990 Instrumental Album of the Year – Bluegrass Instrumentals, Volume 6 (Rounder) ; Bluegrass Album Band – 1997 References External links Classicweb.com Tony Rice discography at Deaddisc.com 1951 births 2020 deaths People from Danville, Virginia Singers from Virginia American acoustic guitarists American male guitarists American bluegrass guitarists American jazz guitarists Grammy Award winners American male singers Rebel Records artists Rounder Records artists Country musicians from Virginia Songwriters from Virginia Songwriters from California Guitarists from Los Angeles Guitarists from Virginia 20th-century American guitarists Jazz musicians from Virginia Jazz musicians from California Country musicians from California 20th-century American male musicians American male jazz musicians David Grisman Quintet members Bluegrass Album Band members New South (band) members Bluegrass musicians from North Carolina American male songwriters

<mask> (June 8, 1951 – December 25, 2020), known professionally as <mask>, was an American guitarist and bluegrass musician. He was an influential acoustic guitar player in bluegrass, progressive bluegrass, newgrass and acoustic jazz. He was inducted into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame in 2013. <mask>'s music spans the range of acoustic from traditional bluegrass to jazz-influenced New Acoustic music to songwriter-oriented folk. Over the course of his career, he played alongside J. D. Crowe and the New South, David Grisman (during the formation of "Dawg Music") and Jerry Garcia, led his own Tony Rice Unit, collaborated with Norman Blake, recorded with his brothers Wyatt, Ron, and Larry, and co-founded the Bluegrass Album Band. He recorded with drums, piano, soprano sax, as well as with traditional bluegrass instrumentation. Early years <mask> was born in Danville, Virginia but grew up in Los Angeles, California, where his father, <mask>, introduced him to bluegrass.<mask> and his brothers learned the fundamentals of bluegrass and country music from L.A. musicians like the Kentucky Colonels, led by Roland and Clarence White. Clarence White in particular became a huge influence on <mask>. Crossing paths with fellow enthusiasts like Ry Cooder, Herb Pedersen and Chris Hillman reinforced the strength of the music he had learned from his father. Groups In 1970, <mask> had moved to Louisville, Kentucky where he played with the Bluegrass Alliance, and shortly thereafter, J.D. Crowe's New South. The New South was known as one of the best and most progressive bluegrass groups—eventually adding drums and electric instruments (to <mask>'s displeasure). When Ricky Skaggs joined them in 1974, however, the band recorded J. D. Crowe & the New South, an acoustic album that became Rounder Records' top-seller up to that time.At this point, the group consisted of <mask> on guitar and lead vocals, Crowe on banjo and vocals, Jerry Douglas on Dobro, Skaggs on fiddle, mandolin, and tenor vocals, and Bobby Slone on bass and fiddle. Around this time, <mask> met mandolinist David Grisman, who played with Red Allen during the 1960s and was now working on original material that blended jazz, bluegrass, and classical styles. <mask> left the New South and moved to California to join Grisman's all-instrumental group. As part of the David Grisman Quintet, in order to broaden his expertise and make himself more marketable, <mask> began studying chord theory, learned to read charts, and began to expand his playing beyond bluegrass. Renowned guitarist John Carlini came in to teach <mask> music theory, and Carlini helped him learn the intricacies of jazz playing and musical improvisation, in general. The David Grisman Quintet's 1977 debut recording is considered a landmark of acoustic string band music. In 1980, <mask>, Crowe, Bobby Hicks, Doyle Lawson and Todd Phillips formed the Bluegrass Album Band and recorded from 1980 to 1996.With the Tony Rice Unit, he pursued experimental "spacegrass" music on Mar West, Still Inside, and Backwaters. Members of the Unit included Jimmy Gaudreau (mandolin), <mask> (guitar), Ronnie Simpkins (bass), John Reischman (mandolin), and Rickie Simpkins (fiddle). In the late 1980s Alison Krauss played regularly with the group in concert for about a year but never appeared on the albums. Alison Brown also guested with the group during that period. Collaborations In 1980, he recorded an album of bluegrass duets with Ricky Skaggs, called Skaggs & Rice. Two albums with traditional instrumentalist and songwriter Norman Blake garnered acclaim, as well as two Rice Brothers albums (1992 and 1994) that featured him teamed with his late elder brother, Larry, and younger brothers, Wyatt and Ronnie. Beginning in 1984, <mask> collaborated on four albums by Béla Fleck – Double Time (Béla Fleck album) (1984), Drive (Béla Fleck album) (1988), Tales from the Acoustic Planet (1995), and The Bluegrass Sessions: Tales from the Acoustic Planet, Vol.2 (1999). He joined David Grisman and Jerry Garcia in 1993 to record The Pizza Tapes. In 1994 <mask> and Grisman recorded Tone Poems, an original collection of material, where they used historical vintage mandolins and guitars, different for each track. In 1994, <mask> joined Mark Johnson to record "Clawgrass Mark Johnson with the Rice Brothers and Friends" which featured <mask> as well as his late brother <mask> and his other brothers Wyatt and Ronnie. In 1995, <mask> recorded a duo album with John Carlini, who also played with the David Grisman Quintet. In 1997, <mask>, his brother Larry, Chris Hillman (formerly of the Flying Burrito Brothers and the Byrds) and banjoist Herb Pedersen founded the so-called "anti-supergroup" Rice, Rice, Hillman & Pedersen and produced three volumes of music between 1997 and 2001. In the 2000s and 2010s, he performed as a quartet with guitarist/singer-songwriter Peter Rowan, bassist Bryn Bright (later known as Bryn Davies), and mandolinist Billy Bright (replaced by Sharon Gilchrist).Solo career In 1979, <mask> left Grisman's group to record Acoustics, a jazz-inspired album, and then Manzanita, a bluegrass and folk album. A similar combination was evident on Cold on the Shoulder, Native American, and Me & My Guitar, albums which combined bluegrass, jazzy guitar work, and the songwriting of Ian Tyson, Joni Mitchell, Phil Ochs, Tom Paxton, Bob Dylan, and Gordon Lightfoot. <mask>'s singing voice was a distinctive baritone. In 1994 he was diagnosed with a disorder known as muscle tension dysphonia and as a result was forced to stop singing in live performance. A 2014 diagnosis of lateral epicondylitis ("tennis elbow") made guitar playing painful and <mask>'s last performance playing guitar live was his induction into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame in 2013. In 2015, <mask> was quoted as saying "I am not going to go back out into the public eye until I can be the musician that I was, where I left off or better. I have been blessed with a very devout audience all these years, and I am certainly not going to let anybody down.I am not going to risk going out there and performing in front of people again until I can entertain them in a way that takes away from them the rigors and the dust, the bumps in the road of everyday life." The authorized biography of <mask>, titled Still Inside: The <mask> Story, written by Tim Stafford and Hawaii-based journalist Caroline Wright, was published by Word of Mouth Press in Kingsport, Tennessee, United States in 2010. The book's official release took place at Merlefest in North Carolina. Death <mask> died at his home in Reidsville, North Carolina on December 25, 2020. He died while making his coffee, according to a statement from longtime friend and collaborator Ricky Skaggs. <mask>’s 2013 induction into the International Bluegrass Hall of Fame reportedly was the last time he played guitar in public due to the lateral epicondylitis that affected his ability to play in his last years. Influence <mask> is said to have “redefined bluegrass guitar playing and left a lasting imprint on the genre."David Grisman called <mask> “a complete musician of the highest caliber", and Ricky Skaggs said he was “the single most influential acoustic guitar player in the last 50 years." In a guitar lesson exploring <mask>'s style, Molly Tuttle noted "the beauty of <mask>’s playing is that there’s something for everyone to learn from. I’ve been playing guitar for a long time, and I still go back to this and just want to listen to him strum the guitar." <mask> was a big influence on the bluegrass band Punch Brothers who devoted their album Hell On Church Street as a tribute to <mask> and to <mask>'s 1983 album Church Street Blues. Members of the Punch Brothers band said that <mask>'s earlier album had a huge impact on their music. In addition, guitarist Chris Eldridge was a student of <mask>'s. The group had intended that their album be a surprise gift to <mask>, but unfortunately <mask> passed away before they could finish it.Discography Awards Grammy Best Country Instrumental Performance – The New South, Fireball – 1983 IBMA Hall of Fame Inductee, 2013 Instrumental Performer of the Year – Guitar – 1990, 1991, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2007 Instrumental Group of the Year – The Tony Rice Unit – 1991, 1995 Instrumental Group of the Year – Bluegrass Album Band – 1990 Instrumental Album of the Year – Bluegrass Instrumentals, Volume 6 (Rounder) ; Bluegrass Album Band – 1997 References External links Classicweb.com <mask> discography at Deaddisc.com 1951 births 2020 deaths People from Danville, Virginia Singers from Virginia American acoustic guitarists American male guitarists American bluegrass guitarists American jazz guitarists Grammy Award winners American male singers Rebel Records artists Rounder Records artists Country musicians from Virginia Songwriters from Virginia Songwriters from California Guitarists from Los Angeles Guitarists from Virginia 20th-century American guitarists Jazz musicians from Virginia Jazz musicians from California Country musicians from California 20th-century American male musicians American male jazz musicians David Grisman Quintet members Bluegrass Album Band members New South (band) members Bluegrass musicians from North Carolina American male songwriters

<mask>, also known as <mask>, was an American guitarist and bluegrass musician. He was an influential acoustic guitar player. He was a member of the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame. <mask>'s music ranges from traditional bluegrass to jazz-influenced New Acoustic music. During his career, he played with J. D.Crowe and the New South, David Grisman, JerryGarcia, and his own <mask> Unit. He recorded with a variety of instruments. <mask> was born in Virginia but grew up in Los Angeles, California, where his father introduced him to bluegrass.L.A. musicians like the Kentucky Colonels taught <mask> and his brothers how to play bluegrass and country music. Clarence White was an influence on <mask>. The strength of the music he had learned from his father was reinforced when he crossed paths with other music lovers. <mask> moved to Louisville, Kentucky in 1970, where he played with the Bluegrass Alliance. The New South is named after Crowe. One of the best and most progressive bluegrass groups, The New South, added drums and electric instruments to annoy <mask>. The band recorded an acoustic album called J. D.Crowe & the New South when Ricky Skaggs joined them.The group consisted of <mask> on guitar and lead vocals, Crowe on banjo and vocals, Jerry Douglas on Dobro, Skaggs on fiddle, and Bobby Slone on bass and fiddle. David Grisman, who played with Red Allen during the 1960s, was working on original material that blended jazz, bluegrass, and classical styles. <mask> moved to California to join the all-instrumental group. In order to broaden his expertise and make himself more marketable, <mask> began studying chord theory, learned to read charts, and began to expand his playing beyond bluegrass. John Carlini, a renowned guitarist, came in to teach <mask> music theory and helped him learn how to play jazz. The debut recording of the David Grisman Quintet is considered a landmark of acoustic string band music. The bluegrass album band was formed in 1980 and recorded from 1980 to 1996.He pursued experimental "spacegrass" music with the Tony Rice Unit. The Unit included Jimmy Gaudreau (mandolin), John Reischman (mandolin), and Rickie Simpkins (fiddle). Alison Krauss played with the group for about a year but never appeared on their albums. Alison Brown was with the group. He recorded an album of duets with Ricky Skaggs. Two Rice Brothers albums featuring Norman and his late brother, Larry, as well as younger brothers, Wyatt andRonnie, received praise. <mask> collaborated on four albums by Béla Fleck, including Double Time, Drive, and Tales from the Acoustic Planet.2 years ago. They recorded The Pizza Tapes together in 1993. Tone Poems, an original collection of material, where they used historical vintage mandolins and guitars, was recorded in 1994. In 1994, <mask> joined Mark Johnson to record "Clawgrass Mark Johnson with the Rice Brothers and Friends" which featured <mask> as well as his late brother <mask> and his other brothers. <mask> recorded a duo album with John Carlini. In 1997, <mask>, his brother Larry, Chris Hillman, and banjoist Herb Pedersen founded the so-called "anti-supergroup" <mask>, <mask>, Hillman, and Pedersen and produced three volumes of music. In the 2000s and 2010s, he was a member of a band that included guitarist/singer-songwriter Peter Rowan, bassist Bryn Bright, and mandolinist Billy Bright.<mask>'s solo career began in 1979 with the release of Manzanita, a bluegrass and folk album. The albums Cold on the Shoulder, Native American, and Me & My Guitar all had a similar combination of bluegrass, jazz, and guitar work. <mask> had a distinctive voice. He was forced to stop singing in live performance in 1994 after being diagnosed with a disorder known as muscle tension dysphonia. A diagnosis of epicondylitis made guitar playing painful and <mask>'s last performance playing guitar live was in the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame. <mask> said in 2015, "I am not going to go back out into the public eye until I can be the musician that I left off or better." I am not going to let anyone down because I have a very devoted audience.I don't want to risk going out there and performing in front of people again until I can entertain them in a way that takes away from them the stresses and strains of everyday life. Word of Mouth Press published the authorized biography of <mask>, titled Still Inside: The <mask> Story, in 2010. The book's official release took place at a festival. On December 25, 2020, <mask> died at his home in North Carolina. Ricky Skaggs said in a statement that he died while making his coffee. <mask> did not play guitar in public in the last years of his life due to the epicondylitis that affected his ability to play. <mask> is said to have redefined bluegrass guitar playing and left a lasting imprint on the genre.Ricky Skaggs said <mask> was the most influential acoustic guitar player in the last 50 years. The beauty of <mask>'s playing is that there's something for everyone to learn from. I have been playing guitar for a long time, and I still want to listen to him strum the guitar. <mask>'s 1983 album Church Street Blues was a big influence on the bluegrass band Punch Brothers who devoted their 1983 album Hell On Church Street as a tribute to <mask>. <mask>'s earlier album had a big impact on the music of the Punch Brothers band. Chris Eldridge was a student of <mask>'s. The group intended to surprise <mask> with their album, but he passed away before they could finish it.The New South, Fireball, and The Tony Rice Unit were nominated for the best country instrumental performance.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann%20Mickl

Johann Mickl

Johann Mickl (18 April 1893 – 10 April 1945) was an Austrian-born army officer and division commander who served Nazi Germany during World War II. Reaching the rank of general (Generalleutnant), he was one of only 882 recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. He was commissioned shortly before the outbreak of World War I, and served with Austro-Hungarian forces on the Eastern and Italian Fronts as a junior officer in the Imperial-Royal Mountain Troops. During World War I he was decorated several times for bravery and leadership and was wounded on four occasions. Immediately after the war, Mikl served in the Volkswehr militia which was formed to resist the incorporation of his home town of Radkersburg into the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. He served with the Austrian Army from 1920 until the Anschluss in 1938, when it was absorbed by the Wehrmacht, and he transferred to the German Army as an Oberstleutnant. He commanded an anti-tank battalion during the invasion of Poland and Battle of France. Mickl was then transferred to North African theatre of operations to command a rifle regiment. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for his leadership of a battle group during the British Operation Crusader. He briefly commanded the 90th Light Division in late 1941 before being wounded. After he recovered he was sent to the Eastern Front. Mickl commanded the 12th Rifle Brigade of the 12th Panzer Division in the east, taking over the 25th Panzergrenadier Regiment when his brigade headquarters was disestablished. Transferred to the Führerreserve, he was promoted to Generalmajor, and received the Oak Leaves to his Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for his leadership during the Soviet 1942–1943 winter offensives, as part of the Battles of Rzhev. He then commanded the 11th Panzer Division during the Battle of Kursk. Later in 1943, he was appointed to train and command the 392nd (Croatian) Infantry Division, and led it in fighting against the Yugoslav Partisans before dying of wounds inflicted in the last month of the war. In 1967, the Austrian Armed Forces barracks in Bad Radkersburg was named after him. Early life and education Mickl was born Johann Mikl in Zelting, Radkersburg, which was part of the Duchy of Styria within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. His father Mathias was a German farmer from Terbegofzen, and his mother Maria (née Dervarič), was from Zelting, and of at least partially Slovene heritage. Mikl had a twin brother, Alois, who was killed in action in 1915 in Galicia near Lemberg, present-day Lviv in the Ukraine. As a child, Mikl spoke German, Slovene and Hungarian, and remained fluent in all three throughout his life. After entering a cadet school in Vienna in the Imperial-Royal Landwehr in 1908, he was accepted at the Theresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt in 1911. Described as slim, muscular, and tall, Mikl graduated on 1 August 1914 and was posted to the recently mobilised 4th Imperial-Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment (LIR 4), which formed part of the Imperial-Royal Mountain Troops. World War I LIR 4 was a purely Carinthian regiment, and wore the mountain cap () and the Edelweiss badge. As part of the 22nd Rifle Division of the III Corps, Mikl's unit arrived at the area of Zolochiv, Galicia to take up a position on the Zolota Lypa River. Mikl was wounded in the first battle, on 26 August 1914; he was shot in the chest. He spent time in a military hospital and was then employed in the regimental replacement battalion as an instructor until 15 April 1915. On 2 June 1915, LIR 4 received orders to join the fighting in the Kolomyia region, where the Russian army launched an offensive and the Austrians suffered serious reverses. Mikl's company formed the regimental rear guard during the withdrawal from the Pruth river on 3 June. For his actions and "demonstrated personal bravery", Mikl was awarded the Military Merit Cross 3rd Class with War Decoration (). By late September 1915, LIR 4 had been transferred to the Bovec valley in the Julian Alps on the Southern Front, and Mikl had been promoted to Oberleutnant (first lieutenant) and placed in command of the 2nd Company. A fairly quiet winter followed, during which the Austrians undertook reconnaissance of the Royal Italian Army positions. In August 1915, Italian Alpini troops had captured an advanced position about southwest of the Rombongipfels peak, on a rocky outcrop called Cuklahöhe. From this position the Italians overlooked the positions of the 44th Rifle Division and its rear areas, which made movement almost impossible. Mikl's company was among the two companies tasked with capturing the Cuklahöhe, which the two units accomplished. For his leadership of the assault on the Cuklahöhe, Mikl was awarded the Order of the Iron Crown 3rd Class. In April 1916, Mikl's regiment was deployed to South Tyrol to take part in the Austrian spring offensive, during which he was awarded the bronze Military Merit Medal on the ribbon of the Bravery Medal with War Decoration, for leading a successful attack on an Italian position on Monte Cengio. At the end of June, the parent regiment was transferred back to Galicia to reinforce the Austro-Hungarian forces being hard-pressed by the Russian Brusilov Offensive, and then returned to the Southern Front where it remained until the late autumn 1917, fighting in the 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th Battles of the Isonzo. During the Eighth Battle of the Isonzo on 10 October 1916, Mikl was wounded and hospitalised. When he recovered, he was assigned to the regimental replacement battalion until spring 1917 and later was employed as an instructor at an officer's school. In January 1917, he was awarded the silver Military Merit Medal on the ribbon of the Bravery Medal with War Decoration. In August 1917, Mikl was appointed to command a machine gun company, and served in the Battle of Caporetto and the subsequent advance to the Piave river. For his leadership in an assault river crossing, Mikl was awarded a bar to his silver Military Merit Medal. On 15 May 1918, Mikl began a preparatory course for future attendance at the War College in Vienna, and when the war ended he was posted to the 54th Rifle Division in Galicia. Between the wars The states that would succeed Austria-Hungary were approved by the Allies on 28 October 1918, and the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary was dissolved three days later. Many new nation states emerged in the territory formerly belonging to the empire, as nationalist movements called for greater autonomy or full independence. The Duchy of Styria was divided between the new states of Republic of German-Austria and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, but the exact line of the new border was unclear. In November 1918, Mikl had returned to his hometown of Radkersburg, an important railway junction point, which was of economic importance to both sides. The Slovenes occupied the city on 1 December 1918. In 1919, Mikl served as adjutant in the 1st Battalion of the Volkswehr militia, which used arms provided by the provincial government of Carinthia to make an unsuccessful attempt to recapture Radkersburg from forces of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. The provincial government of Styria, which had not supported these actions, subsequently issued a warrant ordering Mikl's arrest for treason. When the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye was signed later in 1919, Radkersburg was retained within what became the First Austrian Republic. In 1920, Mikl was accepted by the new Austrian Army (), joining the 11th Alpenjäger Regiment. During 1920–21 he was rapidly promoted to Hauptmann (captain), and on 20 October 1920 he was posted to the 5th Cyclist Battalion in Villach, Carinthia. In 1921, his battalion was deployed to Burgenland to assist in the transfer of that region from Hungary to Austria. In 1922, he changed his name to the more Germanised Mickl. On 2 May 1922, Mickl married Helene Zischka in Klagenfurt; their only child, Manfred, was born in 1923. That same year, he was promoted to the rank of Major. In 1925, Mickl passed the examinations for the general staff. On 26 July 1930, Mickl was appointed an honorary citizen of the town of Radkersburg. After fifteen years with the 5th Cyclist Battalion, in 1934, Mickl briefly served on the military headquarters for Carinthia in Klagenfurt. In February of the following year, he was posted to the headquarters of the 3rd Brigade at Sankt Pölten. His promotion to Oberstleutnant (lieutenant colonel) followed in 1936. In the same year, Mickl's son Manfred entered the military cadet school at Enns. On 14 March 1938, following the Anschluss, Mickl was absorbed at his rank into the German Army, but as a troop officer, not a general staff officer. From 12 May to mid-August 1938, he attended training at the Panzertruppenschule II (Armoured Troops School No. 2) in Wünsdorf south of Berlin, before being given command of the 42nd Panzerjäger (Anti-tank) Battalion of the 2nd Light Division. Helene soon moved to Gera in Thuringia to join Mickl, leaving the 15-year-old Manfred at the cadet school until his graduation. World War II Invasions of Poland and France Mickl commanded the 42nd Panzerjäger Battalion of Generall Georg Stumme's 2nd Light Division during the September 1939 invasion of Poland, during which the division was involved in difficult fighting through Kielce and Radom in central Poland to Modlin on the Vistula. The following month, Mickl was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class. During the winter of 1939/40, the 2nd Light Division was reclassified and converted into the 7th Panzer Division, in preparation for the invasion of France and the Low Countries. In February 1940, General Erwin Rommel arrived to take command of the division. Mickl remained in charge of the 42nd Panzerjäger Battalion during the invasion. Mickl's battalion fought well but suffered serious casualties during the Battle of Arras on 21 May while trying to stop the heavily armoured tanks of the British 1st Army Tank Brigade with its 37 mm anti-tank guns. His soldiers derided their guns as Panzeranklopfgerät (tank-door knocker), due to their failure to penetrate the British Matilda I and Matilda II tanks. Mickl's battalion tried to protect the exposed flank of the division, but was overrun. The situation was saved by anti-aircraft guns and field artillery which were able to knock out the British tanks with direct fire. On 1 June, Mickl was promoted to Oberst and on 21 June awarded him the Iron Cross 1st Class. After the French surrender, Mickl was attached to the division's 25th Panzer Regiment, and on 10 December 1940 was appointed to command the 7th Rifle Regiment of the division. Mickl remained in command of the 7th Rifle Regiment during occupation duties in southwestern France, redeployment to Germany, and during the division's preparation for the invasion of the Soviet Union. In May 1941, Mickl was posted to a new role in Germany, raising the headquarters of the 155th Rifle Regiment for service in North Africa. The 155th Rifle Regiment was to be a motorised formation of three battalions, one drawn from each of the 106th, 112th and 113th Infantry Divisions. North Africa In August 1941, Panzer Group Afrika was raised, and the newly promoted General der Panzertruppe Rommel was placed in command. The Afrika Korps was assigned to Generalleutnant Ludwig Crüwell. Soon after, Mickl followed the battalions of his regiment to North Africa, arriving there in early September 1941. He found them to be under-equipped, having been furnished with only a few vehicles and only two 37 mm anti-tank guns per battalion. He considered that this would be sufficient for an attack on defensive positions, but completely inadequate for mobile operations. On 6 September, his regiment joined the Siege of Tobruk taking up positions at Ras el Mdauuar until the end of October, when it became part of the composite Afrika (Special Purpose) Division and prepared for an attack on the fortress. When a strong British reconnaissance force was reported far to the south, moving west from the Egyptian border at Sidi Omar, Mickl was placed in command of a battle group which was sent to stop the British. The force consisted of Mickl's regiment, along with the 361st Afrika Regiment and the 605th Panzerjäger Battalion. The Afrika Regiment had only just arrived in theatre, and had no heavy weapons, insufficient ammunition and almost no vehicles. By the following day, Mickl's group was deployed on the high ground on either side of the airfield at Sidi Rezegh. That afternoon, British armoured cars and tanks appeared, and Mickl's force was hard-pressed to hold its positions barring the British approach to Tobruk from the south and south-east, as little tank support was available. In the face of a superior force, Mickl's kampfgruppe fought hard in what became known as the Battle of Sidi Rezegh. Mickl and around 800 of his troops were captured by elements of the New Zealand Division on 26 November 1941, the captured troops being mainly from the Afrika Regiment. Mickl and the POWs and were freed by the advancing German troops. When the commander of the newly renamed 90th Light Afrika Division, Generalmajor Max Sümmermann, was killed in an Allied air raid on 10 December 1941, Mickl was appointed to temporarily command the division. During December, Mickl was wounded in the head and hand, but remained at his post. Rommel recommended Mickl for the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, for his leadership at Sidi Rezegh, and it was awarded on 13 December 1941. At the end of December Mickl was sent home on convalescent leave. Eastern Front 12th Rifle Brigade On 25 March 1942, Mickl was appointed to command the 12th Rifle Brigade of Generalmajor Walter Wessel's 12th Panzer Division on the Eastern Front. The division was the main reserve formation of Army Group North, and when Mickl joined his brigade headquarters it was located on the coast near Narva west of Leningrad. The 12th Rifle Brigade consisted of the 5th and 25th Motorised Infantry Regiments. As a subordinate formation of General Georg Lindemann's 18th Army, during the Red Army's Winter Campaign of 1941–42 it had fought on the Volkhov Front, during which the Soviet Lyuban Offensive Operation had penetrated deep into its area of operations in an attempt to relieve Leningrad. When Mickl arrived to take command, elements of his command were fighting as part of a total of twenty 18th Army battle groups engaged in encircling and destroying cut-off Soviet units. It was not until May that Mickl was able to start gather his brigade together. At the end of June, Mickl he received news that his son Manfred had been seriously wounded in the leg during the Axis capture of Tobruk. (In 1944, Manfred and his fiancée were both killed in an air raid in Vienna.) By 17 July, the 12th Panzer Division was finally concentrating near Mga, south-east of Leningrad, and Mickl's brigade was reclassified as a Panzergrenadier (mechanised infantry) brigade, mostly on paper. Between 25 August and 16 September, Mickl visited Manfred in hospital in Naples while on leave, but he returned to find that his brigade had again been parceled out in battle groups used as "fire brigades" along the Neva River. He and his staff were usually bypassed by the division commander and staff. By October, it had become apparent that Mickl's brigade headquarters was being not employed as originally intended, and along with the brigade staff of all Panzer divisions, it was disestablished. 25th Panzergrenadier Regiment Without a command, Mickl remained with the 12th Panzer Division, taking over the 25th Panzergrenadier Regiment, whose commander had fallen ill. In the new area, Mickl concentrated on training and getting to know his men, before conducting an anti-partisan operation named Affenkäfig (Monkey Cage) between 11 and 14 November 1942. Lacking experience in counter-insurgency, the regiment achieved little. Mickl then concentrated his troops' efforts on securing winter quarters and building shelters for the regiment's vehicles. On the frontlines, east of Nevel, Soviet forces were threatening to break through around the Rzhev salient and encircle the German 9th Army, and on 21 November the 12th Panzer Division received orders to march for the front. The march east, undertaken in freezing conditions and heavy snow, was very difficult. The men lit small stoves in the rear of the trucks to keep warm, and often had to clear the snow-clogged roads with shovels. Initially they were ordered to Roslavl, south-east of Smolensk, but this was soon changed to Yelnya, east of Smolensk. When they reached Smolensk, they marched on through Yartsevo to Safonovo before being ordered to turn north towards Bely to help stop a Soviet breakthrough south of Rzhev. At the head of the division, the 25th Panzergrenadier Regiment attacked off the route of march towards elements of the 1st Panzer Division holding out around the village of Komary. The fighting continued in snowstorms and extreme cold until 16 December, with Mickl forward directing the battle, which ended with the destruction of eight Soviet tank and rifle brigades in the Bely area. After a few days rest, on 23 December Mickl's regiment marched to the north-east of Bely to stop Soviet forces moving into the Luchesa river valley. In the difficult terrain and weather conditions, the regiment was exhausted from constant fighting over hamlets that often changed hands. On 30 December, the fighting escalated as the Red Army forces in the sector were reinforced, and Mickl's II Battalion was forced to temporarily withdraw into the surrounding forest. Fierce fighting continued until the 12th Panzer Division was detached at short notice on 14 January 1943, but not before the divisional staff had reported Mickl's brave leadership in the fighting to the Oberkommando des Heeres (German Army High Command). On 16 January 1943, the division was on the move, this time headed north-west to Velikiye Luki, but its move to the front was countermanded. Führerreserve On 26 January 1943, Mickl received orders to report to Berlin on 2 February. In a formal assessment on 20 November 1942, Wessel had assessed Mickl as having the aptitude to command a Panzer division, and he supplemented this on 28 January, extolling his "almost unparalleled bravery and boldness" in command of the 25th Panzergrenadier Regiment. On 30 January, Mickl arrived in Gera on leave to visit his wife Helene, and spent the next three months in the Army Headquarters officers' reserve pool (). On 1 March he was promoted to Generalmajor, and five days later he became the 205th recipient of the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, in recognition of his outstanding commitment as the commander of the 25th Panzergrenadier Regiment during winter 1942–43. During his time in the Führerreserve, he also met with his mentor Rommel, now a Generalfeldmarschall, and he also attended a course for divisional commanders, which he referred to as a "fool's course". In early May, Mickl was summoned to Berlin and assigned to the command of the 11th Panzer Division during the absence of Generalleutnant Dietrich von Choltitz, who had been suffering with heart problems. Despite the good news of being appointed to a divisional command, Mickl expressed his disappointment that he was being allocated a division in need of re-organisation, rather than a fully equipped and full-strength modern division. 11th Panzer Division When Mickl took command, the 11th Panzer Division had not yet finished rebuilding after suffering serious losses during the December 1942 Operation Winter Storm, the attempted relief of German forces encircled at Stalingrad and during the Third Battle of Kharkov in February and March 1943. The 11th Panzer Division formed part of General Otto von Knobelsdorff's XLVIII Panzer Corps under the operation control of Generaloberst Hermann Hoth's 4th Panzer Army, which was itself a component of Field Marshal Erich von Manstein's Army Group South. For the main assault, Army Group South was the southern pincer of a manoeuvre aimed at cutting off all Red Army forces within the Kursk salient. It was to attack north out of the areas west of Belgorod, and link up with Field Marshal Günther von Kluge's Army Group Centre, which was to attack south from the Orel region. On the afternoon of 4 July, the successfully conducted a preliminary operation to breach minefields and secure the heights overlooking the nearly deep Soviet defensive positions near Kursk, which were essentially a series of staggered defensive positions and minefields reinforced with anti-tank weapons. Mickl's division achieved its objectives during the preliminary operation, and commenced its main assault at 06:00 on 5 July. The 11th Panzer Division advanced on the right flank of the XLVIII Panzer Corps, and on the left of the powerful Panzergrenadier Division Großdeutschland. Its progress was hampered by minimal air support, difficult terrain and constant Soviet counterattacks. Fighting alongside a Panzerkampfgruppe of the Großdeutschland Division, it had captured the heavily fortified village of Cherkasskoye. By the evening of 6 July, XLVIII Panzer Corps had breached the first belt of the formidable Soviet defences, and Mickl's division had reached the Pena river north and northeast of Cherkasskoye. This was short of the objective Hoth had set for 6 July, the bridge over the Psel River at Oboyan. XLVIII Panzer Corps regrouped during the night of 6/7 July, and the 11th Panzer Division continued its advance towards Oboyan on 7 July, alongside the Großdeutschland Division. Over the next few days, the two divisions overcame resistance from a series of Soviet strongpoints, along with their desperate counterattacks. By 10 July they had reached a position east of the Kursk-Kharkov road, on the heights south of Oboyan, having defeated advanced elements of the Soviet 10th Tank Corps. At this point the previously rough terrain opened up, and with the aid of binoculars the men of the division could see the vast plain behind Oboyan in which the two pincers of Operation Citadel were planned to meet. But the northern pincer had been stalled north of Kursk in heavy fighting, and the 11th Panzer Division had gained the most northern penetration into the Soviet salient achieved by Army Group South during the operation. Twice in the next few days, XLVIII Panzer Corps attempted to punch through the Soviet defences to the north, while to the east the II SS Panzer Corps and German Army Detachment Kempf fought the tanks of the Soviet Steppe Front. The 11th Panzer Division was then ordered to attack towards the upper reaches of the Psel, some to the east, followed by the Großdeutschland Division once it had captured Oboyan. The two divisions were then to link up with the II SS Panzer Corps and defeat the Soviet forces concentrated around Prokhorovka. On 17 July, these orders were cancelled, and over the next week, Mickl's division fought defensive battles against the Red Army, and conflict arose with his subordinate commanders and his key staff, who did not support his style of leadership, which was modelled on that of his mentor Rommel. For nearly that whole week, Mickl's division bore the brunt of the Soviet attacks on the XLVIII Panzer Corps. On 21 July, Mickl wrote a letter in which he stated that he wished to again be a battalion or regimental commander, so as to not have to deal with such a large frontline. That day he had been told that the next day he should expect Choltitz to return and take over command, but instead he spent a further three weeks commanding the 11th Panzer Division in heavy fighting against Soviet attacks. Finally, on 12 August he received a message advising that he was to be relieved by Generalmajor Wend von Wietersheim, who arrived that same day. Four days later, Mickl returned to Gera, disappointed and resentful about the demotion, as he felt that he had made a good enough impression during the fighting to be retained as commander of the division. The reason behind his relief is unclear. His performance commanding the division had not been markedly worse than comparable divisional commanders during the preceding battles, and it is possible that Wehrmacht or Army Headquarters had decided Mickl was better suited to fighting insurgents in his native Balkans, especially given his fluency in several local languages. Yugoslavia A new division After three weeks leave, Mickl was sent to Austria to train and command the 392nd (Croatian) Infantry Division. He was appointed to this command on 13 August 1943. Commencing from 17 August, the 392nd was assembled and trained in Austria as the third and last Croatian division raised for service in the Wehrmacht, following its sister divisions the 369th and the 373rd. It was built around a cadre of 3,500 German officers, NCOs and specialists, and 8,500 soldiers of the Croatian Home Guard, the regular army of the Independent State of Croatia (, NDH). The division was commanded by Germans down to battalion and even company level in nearly all cases, and was commonly referred to as a "legionnaire division". Although originally intended for use on the Eastern Front, not long after its formation the Germans decided that the division would not be utilised outside the NDH. Initial clearing operations The division was deployed to the NDH by rail between 5 and 10 January 1944, to participate in the Nazi security warfare in the western parts of the puppet state. It became known as the "Blue Division" (, ), Mickl's task was focused on securing the Adriatic coastline along the Croatian Littoral between Fiume and Karlobag (including all islands except Krk) and about inland. This task included securing the crucial supply route between Karlovac and Senj. These areas, and in particular the port of Senj, had been largely dominated by the Yugoslav Partisans since the Italian capitulation in autumn 1943. Mickl's division was placed under the command of the XV Mountain Corps as part of the 2nd Panzer Army, with its headquarters to be established in Karlovac. The division was also to take over responsibility for the security of the Zagreb–Karlovac railway line from the 1st Cossack Division. The planned attack against Partisan forces besieging the NDH garrison at Ogulin near Karlovac involved a drive southwest from Karlovac between 13 and 16 January 1944 initially led by the 847th Infantry Regiment. In their first engagements with the Partisan 8th Division, the Croatian soldiers panicked and their German leaders were quickly wounded or killed. On 16 January, Ogulin was relieved, but the advance was continued south to Skradnik, and villages in that area were also secured. This was followed by Operation Drežnica, a push through to the coast, forcing passes through the Velika Kapela mountain range, part of the Dinaric Alps. Both passes were more than above sea level. The division captured the Kapela and Vratnik passes. This was followed by a series of engagements along the road to the coast. The 847th Infantry Regiment was then allocated the task of securing the coastline up the coast as far as Bakar, and southward to the village of Jablanac, and the 846th Infantry Regiment was directed to secure the divisional supply route from Senj to Generalski Stol. The 847th Infantry Regiment then spread out along the coastline between Karlobag and Crikvenica, and supported by elements of the divisional artillery and pioneers they began building fortifications against a feared Allied invasion. The troops in Karlobag linked up with the 264th Infantry Division who were responsible for the coast further to the southeast. Fighting during 1944 In late February or early March the 847th Infantry Regiment, supported by an Ustaše battalion, advanced on Plaški (south of Ogulin) when they were stopped by deep snow. Partisans then attacked their supply lines, killing 30 soldiers. In March, the 847th Regiment occupied the Adriatic islands of Rab and Pag without encountering any Partisan resistance. In the same month, the 846th Regiment conducted an operation in the Gacka river valley around Otočac, and assisted the Croatian Home Guard in enforcing conscription orders on their own population in the divisional area. Through the spring of 1944, the 846th Regiment used Jadgkommandos, lightly armed and mobile "hunter teams" of company or battalion strength, to conduct follow-up of sightings of Partisans, and transport moving through the Kapela Pass had to travel in convoy for security. The division was able to restore a land connection with the NDH garrison of Gospić which had been reliant on supply from the sea since the Italian surrender, and drove three Partisan battalions out of the outskirts of Otočac. On 1 April 1944, Mickl was promoted to Generalleutnant. He identified that the Partisan 13th Division was using the Drežnica valley as a huge armoury, hiding captured Italian arms and ammunition in villages, basements, and even in fake graves in cemeteries. This was of major concern if the feared Allied landing eventuated. In mid-April, Mickl ordered Operation Keulenschlag (Mace Blow) to clear the area, using the 846th Infantry Regiment and parts of the 847th Infantry Regiment, supported by the divisional artillery and flak battalion. Over the next two weeks, the division pushed the Partisan 13th Division north to the area of Mrkopalj and Delnice, and captured sufficient material to equip two divisions, including 30 tons of small arms ammunition and 15 tons of artillery ammunition. The Partisan 35th Division attacked from the Plitvice Lakes area on 5 May and captured the village of Ramljane. Partisans also interdicted the Otočac-Gospić road. In response, Mickl planned Operation Morgenstern (Morning Star) to clear Partisan forces from the Krbavsko Polje region around Udbina. From 7 to 16 May 1944, along with elements of the 373rd (Croatian) Infantry Division, the 92nd Motorised Regiment, a battalion of the 1st Regiment of the Brandenburg Division, and Ustaše units, were involved in Operation Morgenstern. For its efforts in this operation, the division received its first mention in the Wehrmachtbericht (armed forces daily radio broadcast). Also in May, the division received 500 German reinforcements, and formed a field replacement battalion. The division saw action against the Partisans until the end of the war, often fighting alongside a grouping of Ustaše units that numbered up to 12,000 troops. Death and commemoration During the last few months of the war, the division was engaged in the defence of the northern Adriatic coast and Lika. On 8 April 1945, the city of Senj fell to the Partisans. The following day, during the fighting to control the Vratnik pass through the mountains from Senj to Brinje, Mickl personally took part in the fighting and was shot in the head around noon. He was transported to hospital in Fiume, and died the following day. Mickl's wife, Helene, died in July 1946 of cancer. In 1967, the Austrian Armed Forces barracks (Mickl-Kaserne) in Bad Radkersburg were named after him, and they were used continuously by the Austrian Armed Forces for 44 years until 30 September 2008. Promotions Leutnant – 1 August 1914 Oberleutnant – 1 May 1915 Hauptmann – 1921 Major – 1928 Oberstleutnant – 16 January 1936 Oberst – 1 June 1940 Generalmajor – 1 March 1943 Generalleutnant – 1 April 1944 Awards and decorations Austria-Hungary Military Merit Cross 3rd Class (16 October 1915) Order of the Iron Crown 3rd Class (22 March 1916) Military Merit Medal for Bravery in Bronze (26 August 1916) 1st in Silver (20 January 1917) 2nd in Silver (24 January 1918) Karl Troop Cross (8 September 1917) Wound Medal with 5 Stripes (10 March 1918) Carinthia Common Carinthian Cross for Bravery (5 December 1919) Special Carinthian Cross for Bravery (3 April 1920) Federal State of Austria Medal of Merit in Gold (7 October 1934) Nazi Germany Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class (1 October 1939) 1st Class (15 June 1940) Panzer Badge in Bronze (24 September 1940) Wound Badge in Black (25 December 1941) Infantry Assault Badge (22 July 1942) Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves Knight's Cross on 13 December 1941 as Oberst and commander of Schützen-Regiment 155 205th Oak Leaves on 6 March 1943 as Oberst and commander of Panzergrenadier-Regiment 25 Footnotes References 1893 births 1945 deaths Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I Lieutenant generals of the German Army (Wehrmacht) German prisoners of war in World War II World War II prisoners of war held by the United Kingdom Austrian military personnel killed in World War II German people of Slovenian descent Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves

<mask> (18 April 1893 – 10 April 1945) was an Austrian-born army officer and division commander who served Nazi Germany during World War II. Reaching the rank of general (Generalleutnant), he was one of only 882 recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. He was commissioned shortly before the outbreak of World War I, and served with Austro-Hungarian forces on the Eastern and Italian Fronts as a junior officer in the Imperial-Royal Mountain Troops. During World War I he was decorated several times for bravery and leadership and was wounded on four occasions. Immediately after the war, Mikl served in the Volkswehr militia which was formed to resist the incorporation of his home town of Radkersburg into the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. He served with the Austrian Army from 1920 until the Anschluss in 1938, when it was absorbed by the Wehrmacht, and he transferred to the German Army as an Oberstleutnant. He commanded an anti-tank battalion during the invasion of Poland and Battle of France.<mask> was then transferred to North African theatre of operations to command a rifle regiment. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for his leadership of a battle group during the British Operation Crusader. He briefly commanded the 90th Light Division in late 1941 before being wounded. After he recovered he was sent to the Eastern Front. <mask> commanded the 12th Rifle Brigade of the 12th Panzer Division in the east, taking over the 25th Panzergrenadier Regiment when his brigade headquarters was disestablished. Transferred to the Führerreserve, he was promoted to Generalmajor, and received the Oak Leaves to his Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for his leadership during the Soviet 1942–1943 winter offensives, as part of the Battles of Rzhev. He then commanded the 11th Panzer Division during the Battle of Kursk.Later in 1943, he was appointed to train and command the 392nd (Croatian) Infantry Division, and led it in fighting against the Yugoslav Partisans before dying of wounds inflicted in the last month of the war. In 1967, the Austrian Armed Forces barracks in Bad Radkersburg was named after him. Early life and education <mask> was born <mask> in Zelting, Radkersburg, which was part of the Duchy of Styria within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. His father Mathias was a German farmer from Terbegofzen, and his mother Maria (née Dervarič), was from Zelting, and of at least partially Slovene heritage. Mikl had a twin brother, Alois, who was killed in action in 1915 in Galicia near Lemberg, present-day Lviv in the Ukraine. As a child, Mikl spoke German, Slovene and Hungarian, and remained fluent in all three throughout his life. After entering a cadet school in Vienna in the Imperial-Royal Landwehr in 1908, he was accepted at the Theresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt in 1911.Described as slim, muscular, and tall, Mikl graduated on 1 August 1914 and was posted to the recently mobilised 4th Imperial-Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment (LIR 4), which formed part of the Imperial-Royal Mountain Troops. World War I LIR 4 was a purely Carinthian regiment, and wore the mountain cap () and the Edelweiss badge. As part of the 22nd Rifle Division of the III Corps, Mikl's unit arrived at the area of Zolochiv, Galicia to take up a position on the Zolota Lypa River. Mikl was wounded in the first battle, on 26 August 1914; he was shot in the chest. He spent time in a military hospital and was then employed in the regimental replacement battalion as an instructor until 15 April 1915. On 2 June 1915, LIR 4 received orders to join the fighting in the Kolomyia region, where the Russian army launched an offensive and the Austrians suffered serious reverses. Mikl's company formed the regimental rear guard during the withdrawal from the Pruth river on 3 June.For his actions and "demonstrated personal bravery", Mikl was awarded the Military Merit Cross 3rd Class with War Decoration (). By late September 1915, LIR 4 had been transferred to the Bovec valley in the Julian Alps on the Southern Front, and Mikl had been promoted to Oberleutnant (first lieutenant) and placed in command of the 2nd Company. A fairly quiet winter followed, during which the Austrians undertook reconnaissance of the Royal Italian Army positions. In August 1915, Italian Alpini troops had captured an advanced position about southwest of the Rombongipfels peak, on a rocky outcrop called Cuklahöhe. From this position the Italians overlooked the positions of the 44th Rifle Division and its rear areas, which made movement almost impossible. Mikl's company was among the two companies tasked with capturing the Cuklahöhe, which the two units accomplished. For his leadership of the assault on the Cuklahöhe, Mikl was awarded the Order of the Iron Crown 3rd Class.In April 1916, Mikl's regiment was deployed to South Tyrol to take part in the Austrian spring offensive, during which he was awarded the bronze Military Merit Medal on the ribbon of the Bravery Medal with War Decoration, for leading a successful attack on an Italian position on Monte Cengio. At the end of June, the parent regiment was transferred back to Galicia to reinforce the Austro-Hungarian forces being hard-pressed by the Russian Brusilov Offensive, and then returned to the Southern Front where it remained until the late autumn 1917, fighting in the 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th Battles of the Isonzo. During the Eighth Battle of the Isonzo on 10 October 1916, Mikl was wounded and hospitalised. When he recovered, he was assigned to the regimental replacement battalion until spring 1917 and later was employed as an instructor at an officer's school. In January 1917, he was awarded the silver Military Merit Medal on the ribbon of the Bravery Medal with War Decoration. In August 1917, Mikl was appointed to command a machine gun company, and served in the Battle of Caporetto and the subsequent advance to the Piave river. For his leadership in an assault river crossing, Mikl was awarded a bar to his silver Military Merit Medal.On 15 May 1918, Mikl began a preparatory course for future attendance at the War College in Vienna, and when the war ended he was posted to the 54th Rifle Division in Galicia. Between the wars The states that would succeed Austria-Hungary were approved by the Allies on 28 October 1918, and the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary was dissolved three days later. Many new nation states emerged in the territory formerly belonging to the empire, as nationalist movements called for greater autonomy or full independence. The Duchy of Styria was divided between the new states of Republic of German-Austria and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, but the exact line of the new border was unclear. In November 1918, Mikl had returned to his hometown of Radkersburg, an important railway junction point, which was of economic importance to both sides. The Slovenes occupied the city on 1 December 1918. In 1919, Mikl served as adjutant in the 1st Battalion of the Volkswehr militia, which used arms provided by the provincial government of Carinthia to make an unsuccessful attempt to recapture Radkersburg from forces of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.The provincial government of Styria, which had not supported these actions, subsequently issued a warrant ordering Mikl's arrest for treason. When the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye was signed later in 1919, Radkersburg was retained within what became the First Austrian Republic. In 1920, Mikl was accepted by the new Austrian Army (), joining the 11th Alpenjäger Regiment. During 1920–21 he was rapidly promoted to Hauptmann (captain), and on 20 October 1920 he was posted to the 5th Cyclist Battalion in Villach, Carinthia. In 1921, his battalion was deployed to Burgenland to assist in the transfer of that region from Hungary to Austria. In 1922, he changed his name to the more Germanised <mask>. On 2 May 1922, <mask> married Helene Zischka in Klagenfurt; their only child, Manfred, was born in 1923.That same year, he was promoted to the rank of Major. In 1925, <mask> passed the examinations for the general staff. On 26 July 1930, <mask> was appointed an honorary citizen of the town of Radkersburg. After fifteen years with the 5th Cyclist Battalion, in 1934, <mask> briefly served on the military headquarters for Carinthia in Klagenfurt. In February of the following year, he was posted to the headquarters of the 3rd Brigade at Sankt Pölten. His promotion to Oberstleutnant (lieutenant colonel) followed in 1936. In the same year, <mask>'s son Manfred entered the military cadet school at Enns.On 14 March 1938, following the Anschluss, <mask> was absorbed at his rank into the German Army, but as a troop officer, not a general staff officer. From 12 May to mid-August 1938, he attended training at the Panzertruppenschule II (Armoured Troops School No. 2) in Wünsdorf south of Berlin, before being given command of the 42nd Panzerjäger (Anti-tank) Battalion of the 2nd Light Division. Helene soon moved to Gera in Thuringia to join Mickl, leaving the 15-year-old Manfred at the cadet school until his graduation. World War II Invasions of Poland and France <mask> commanded the 42nd Panzerjäger Battalion of Generall Georg Stumme's 2nd Light Division during the September 1939 invasion of Poland, during which the division was involved in difficult fighting through Kielce and Radom in central Poland to Modlin on the Vistula. The following month, <mask> was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class. During the winter of 1939/40, the 2nd Light Division was reclassified and converted into the 7th Panzer Division, in preparation for the invasion of France and the Low Countries.In February 1940, General Erwin Rommel arrived to take command of the division. <mask> remained in charge of the 42nd Panzerjäger Battalion during the invasion. <mask>'s battalion fought well but suffered serious casualties during the Battle of Arras on 21 May while trying to stop the heavily armoured tanks of the British 1st Army Tank Brigade with its 37 mm anti-tank guns. His soldiers derided their guns as Panzeranklopfgerät (tank-door knocker), due to their failure to penetrate the British Matilda I and Matilda II tanks. <mask>'s battalion tried to protect the exposed flank of the division, but was overrun. The situation was saved by anti-aircraft guns and field artillery which were able to knock out the British tanks with direct fire. On 1 June, <mask> was promoted to Oberst and on 21 June awarded him the Iron Cross 1st Class.After the French surrender, <mask> was attached to the division's 25th Panzer Regiment, and on 10 December 1940 was appointed to command the 7th Rifle Regiment of the division. <mask> remained in command of the 7th Rifle Regiment during occupation duties in southwestern France, redeployment to Germany, and during the division's preparation for the invasion of the Soviet Union. In May 1941, <mask> Rommel was placed in command. The Afrika Korps was assigned to Generalleutnant Ludwig Crüwell. Soon after, <mask> followed the battalions of his regiment to North Africa, arriving there in early September 1941.He found them to be under-equipped, having been furnished with only a few vehicles and only two 37 mm anti-tank guns per battalion. He considered that this would be sufficient for an attack on defensive positions, but completely inadequate for mobile operations. On 6 September, his regiment joined the Siege of Tobruk taking up positions at Ras el Mdauuar until the end of October, when it became part of the composite Afrika (Special Purpose) Division and prepared for an attack on the fortress. When a strong British reconnaissance force was reported far to the south, moving west from the Egyptian border at Sidi Omar, <mask> was placed in command of a battle group which was sent to stop the British. The force consisted of <mask>'s regiment, along with the 361st Afrika Regiment and the 605th Panzerjäger Battalion. The Afrika Regiment had only just arrived in theatre, and had no heavy weapons, insufficient ammunition and almost no vehicles. By the following day, <mask>'s group was deployed on the high ground on either side of the airfield at Sidi Rezegh.That afternoon, British armoured cars and tanks appeared, and <mask>'s force was hard-pressed to hold its positions barring the British approach to Tobruk from the south and south-east, as little tank support was available. In the face of a superior force, <mask>'s kampfgruppe fought hard in what became known as the Battle of Sidi Rezegh. <mask> and around 800 of his troops were captured by elements of the New Zealand Division on 26 November 1941, the captured troops being mainly from the Afrika Regiment. <mask> and the POWs and were freed by the advancing German troops. When the commander of the newly renamed 90th Light Afrika Division, Generalmajor Max Sümmermann, was killed in an Allied air raid on 10 December 1941, <mask> was appointed to temporarily command the division. During December, <mask> was wounded in the head and hand, but remained at his post. Rommel recommended <mask> for the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, for his leadership at Sidi Rezegh, and it was awarded on 13 December 1941.At the end of December <mask> was sent home on convalescent leave. Eastern Front 12th Rifle Brigade On 25 March 1942, <mask> was appointed to command the 12th Rifle Brigade of Generalmajor Walter Wessel's 12th Panzer Division on the Eastern Front. The division was the main reserve formation of Army Group North, and when <mask> joined his brigade headquarters it was located on the coast near Narva west of Leningrad. The 12th Rifle Brigade consisted of the 5th and 25th Motorised Infantry Regiments. As a subordinate formation of General Georg Lindemann's 18th Army, during the Red Army's Winter Campaign of 1941–42 it had fought on the Volkhov Front, during which the Soviet Lyuban Offensive Operation had penetrated deep into its area of operations in an attempt to relieve Leningrad. When <mask> arrived to take command, elements of his command were fighting as part of a total of twenty 18th Army battle groups engaged in encircling and destroying cut-off Soviet units. It was not until May that <mask> was able to start gather his brigade together.At the end of June, Mickl he received news that his son Manfred had been seriously wounded in the leg during the Axis capture of Tobruk. (In 1944, Manfred and his fiancée were both killed in an air raid in Vienna.) By 17 July, the 12th Panzer Division was finally concentrating near Mga, south-east of Leningrad, and <mask>'s brigade was reclassified as a Panzergrenadier (mechanised infantry) brigade, mostly on paper. Between 25 August and 16 September, <mask> visited Manfred in hospital in Naples while on leave, but he returned to find that his brigade had again been parceled out in battle groups used as "fire brigades" along the Neva River. He and his staff were usually bypassed by the division commander and staff. By October, it had become apparent that <mask>'s brigade headquarters was being not employed as originally intended, and along with the brigade staff of all Panzer divisions, it was disestablished. 25th Panzergrenadier Regiment Without a command, <mask> remained with the 12th Panzer Division, taking over the 25th Panzergrenadier Regiment, whose commander had fallen ill.In the new area, <mask> concentrated on training and getting to know his men, before conducting an anti-partisan operation named Affenkäfig (Monkey Cage) between 11 and 14 November 1942. Lacking experience in counter-insurgency, the regiment achieved little. <mask> then concentrated his troops' efforts on securing winter quarters and building shelters for the regiment's vehicles. On the frontlines, east of Nevel, Soviet forces were threatening to break through around the Rzhev salient and encircle the German 9th Army, and on 21 November the 12th Panzer Division received orders to march for the front. The march east, undertaken in freezing conditions and heavy snow, was very difficult. The men lit small stoves in the rear of the trucks to keep warm, and often had to clear the snow-clogged roads with shovels. Initially they were ordered to Roslavl, south-east of Smolensk, but this was soon changed to Yelnya, east of Smolensk.When they reached Smolensk, they marched on through Yartsevo to Safonovo before being ordered to turn north towards Bely to help stop a Soviet breakthrough south of Rzhev. At the head of the division, the 25th Panzergrenadier Regiment attacked off the route of march towards elements of the 1st Panzer Division holding out around the village of Komary. The fighting continued in snowstorms and extreme cold until 16 December, with <mask> forward directing the battle, which ended with the destruction of eight Soviet tank and rifle brigades in the Bely area. After a few days rest, on 23 December <mask>'s regiment marched to the north-east of Bely to stop Soviet forces moving into the Luchesa river valley. In the difficult terrain and weather conditions, the regiment was exhausted from constant fighting over hamlets that often changed hands. On 30 December, the fighting escalated as the Red Army forces in the sector were reinforced, and <mask>'s II Battalion was forced to temporarily withdraw into the surrounding forest. Fierce fighting continued until the 12th Panzer Division was detached at short notice on 14 January 1943, but not before the divisional staff had reported <mask>'s brave leadership in the fighting to the Oberkommando des Heeres (German Army High Command).On 16 January 1943, the division was on the move, this time headed north-west to Velikiye Luki, but its move to the front was countermanded. Führerreserve On 26 January 1943, <mask> received orders to report to Berlin on 2 February. In a formal assessment on 20 November 1942, Wessel had assessed <mask> as having the aptitude to command a Panzer division, and he supplemented this on 28 January, extolling his "almost unparalleled bravery and boldness" in command of the 25th Panzergrenadier Regiment. On 30 January, <mask> arrived in Gera on leave to visit his wife Helene, and spent the next three months in the Army Headquarters officers' reserve pool (). On 1 March he was promoted to Generalmajor, and five days later he became the 205th recipient of the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, in recognition of his outstanding commitment as the commander of the 25th Panzergrenadier Regiment during winter 1942–43. During his time in the Führerreserve, he also met with his mentor Rommel, now a Generalfeldmarschall, and he also attended a course for divisional commanders, which he referred to as a "fool's course". In early May, <mask> was summoned to Berlin and assigned to the command of the 11th Panzer Division during the absence of Generalleutnant Dietrich von Choltitz, who had been suffering with heart problems.Despite the good news of being appointed to a divisional command, <mask> expressed his disappointment that he was being allocated a division in need of re-organisation, rather than a fully equipped and full-strength modern division. 11th Panzer Division When <mask> took command, the 11th Panzer Division had not yet finished rebuilding after suffering serious losses during the December 1942 Operation Winter Storm, the attempted relief of German forces encircled at Stalingrad and during the Third Battle of Kharkov in February and March 1943. The 11th Panzer Division formed part of General Otto von Knobelsdorff's XLVIII Panzer Corps under the operation control of Generaloberst Hermann Hoth's 4th Panzer Army, which was itself a component of Field Marshal Erich von Manstein's Army Group South. For the main assault, Army Group South was the southern pincer of a manoeuvre aimed at cutting off all Red Army forces within the Kursk salient. It was to attack north out of the areas west of Belgorod, and link up with Field Marshal Günther von Kluge's Army Group Centre, which was to attack south from the Orel region. On the afternoon of 4 July, the successfully conducted a preliminary operation to breach minefields and secure the heights overlooking the nearly deep Soviet defensive positions near Kursk, which were essentially a series of staggered defensive positions and minefields reinforced with anti-tank weapons. <mask>'s division achieved its objectives during the preliminary operation, and commenced its main assault at 06:00 on 5 July.The 11th Panzer Division advanced on the right flank of the XLVIII Panzer Corps, and on the left of the powerful Panzergrenadier Division Großdeutschland. Its progress was hampered by minimal air support, difficult terrain and constant Soviet counterattacks. Fighting alongside a Panzerkampfgruppe of the Großdeutschland Division, it had captured the heavily fortified village of Cherkasskoye. By the evening of 6 July, XLVIII Panzer Corps had breached the first belt of the formidable Soviet defences, and <mask>'s division had reached the Pena river north and northeast of Cherkasskoye. This was short of the objective Hoth had set for 6 July, the bridge over the Psel River at Oboyan. XLVIII Panzer Corps regrouped during the night of 6/7 July, and the 11th Panzer Division continued its advance towards Oboyan on 7 July, alongside the Großdeutschland Division. Over the next few days, the two divisions overcame resistance from a series of Soviet strongpoints, along with their desperate counterattacks.By 10 July they had reached a position east of the Kursk-Kharkov road, on the heights south of Oboyan, having defeated advanced elements of the Soviet 10th Tank Corps. At this point the previously rough terrain opened up, and with the aid of binoculars the men of the division could see the vast plain behind Oboyan in which the two pincers of Operation Citadel were planned to meet. But the northern pincer had been stalled north of Kursk in heavy fighting, and the 11th Panzer Division had gained the most northern penetration into the Soviet salient achieved by Army Group South during the operation. Twice in the next few days, XLVIII Panzer Corps attempted to punch through the Soviet defences to the north, while to the east the II SS Panzer Corps and German Army Detachment Kempf fought the tanks of the Soviet Steppe Front. The 11th Panzer Division was then ordered to attack towards the upper reaches of the Psel, some to the east, followed by the Großdeutschland Division once it had captured Oboyan. The two divisions were then to link up with the II SS Panzer Corps and defeat the Soviet forces concentrated around Prokhorovka. On 17 July, these orders were cancelled, and over the next week, <mask>'s division fought defensive battles against the Red Army, and conflict arose with his subordinate commanders and his key staff, who did not support his style of leadership, which was modelled on that of his mentor Rommel.For nearly that whole week, <mask>'s division bore the brunt of the Soviet attacks on the XLVIII Panzer Corps. On 21 July, <mask> wrote a letter in which he stated that he wished to again be a battalion or regimental commander, so as to not have to deal with such a large frontline. That day he had been told that the next day he should expect Choltitz to return and take over command, but instead he spent a further three weeks commanding the 11th Panzer Division in heavy fighting against Soviet attacks. Finally, on 12 August he received a message advising that he was to be relieved by Generalmajor Wend von Wietersheim, who arrived that same day. Four days later, <mask> returned to Gera, disappointed and resentful about the demotion, as he felt that he had made a good enough impression during the fighting to be retained as commander of the division. The reason behind his relief is unclear. His performance commanding the division had not been markedly worse than comparable divisional commanders during the preceding battles, and it is possible that Wehrmacht or Army Headquarters had decided <mask> was better suited to fighting insurgents in his native Balkans, especially given his fluency in several local languages.Yugoslavia A new division After three weeks leave, <mask> was sent to Austria to train and command the 392nd (Croatian) Infantry Division. He was appointed to this command on 13 August 1943. Commencing from 17 August, the 392nd was assembled and trained in Austria as the third and last Croatian division raised for service in the Wehrmacht, following its sister divisions the 369th and the 373rd. It was built around a cadre of 3,500 German officers, NCOs and specialists, and 8,500 soldiers of the Croatian Home Guard, the regular army of the Independent State of Croatia (, NDH). The division was commanded by Germans down to battalion and even company level in nearly all cases, and was commonly referred to as a "legionnaire division". Although originally intended for use on the Eastern Front, not long after its formation the Germans decided that the division would not be utilised outside the NDH. Initial clearing operations The division was deployed to the NDH by rail between 5 and 10 January 1944, to participate in the Nazi security warfare in the western parts of the puppet state.It became known as the "Blue Division" (, ), <mask>'s task was focused on securing the Adriatic coastline along the Croatian Littoral between Fiume and Karlobag (including all islands except Krk) and about inland. This task included securing the crucial supply route between Karlovac and Senj. These areas, and in particular the port of Senj, had been largely dominated by the Yugoslav Partisans since the Italian capitulation in autumn 1943. <mask>'s division was placed under the command of the XV Mountain Corps as part of the 2nd Panzer Army, with its headquarters to be established in Karlovac. The division was also to take over responsibility for the security of the Zagreb–Karlovac railway line from the 1st Cossack Division. The planned attack against Partisan forces besieging the NDH garrison at Ogulin near Karlovac involved a drive southwest from Karlovac between 13 and 16 January 1944 initially led by the 847th Infantry Regiment. In their first engagements with the Partisan 8th Division, the Croatian soldiers panicked and their German leaders were quickly wounded or killed.On 16 January, Ogulin was relieved, but the advance was continued south to Skradnik, and villages in that area were also secured. This was followed by Operation Drežnica, a push through to the coast, forcing passes through the Velika Kapela mountain range, part of the Dinaric Alps. Both passes were more than above sea level. The division captured the Kapela and Vratnik passes. This was followed by a series of engagements along the road to the coast. The 847th Infantry Regiment was then allocated the task of securing the coastline up the coast as far as Bakar, and southward to the village of Jablanac, and the 846th Infantry Regiment was directed to secure the divisional supply route from Senj to Generalski Stol. The 847th Infantry Regiment then spread out along the coastline between Karlobag and Crikvenica, and supported by elements of the divisional artillery and pioneers they began building fortifications against a feared Allied invasion.The troops in Karlobag linked up with the 264th Infantry Division who were responsible for the coast further to the southeast. Fighting during 1944 In late February or early March the 847th Infantry Regiment, supported by an Ustaše battalion, advanced on Plaški (south of Ogulin) when they were stopped by deep snow. Partisans then attacked their supply lines, killing 30 soldiers. In March, the 847th Regiment occupied the Adriatic islands of Rab and Pag without encountering any Partisan resistance. In the same month, the 846th Regiment conducted an operation in the Gacka river valley around Otočac, and assisted the Croatian Home Guard in enforcing conscription orders on their own population in the divisional area. Through the spring of 1944, the 846th Regiment used Jadgkommandos, lightly armed and mobile "hunter teams" of company or battalion strength, to conduct follow-up of sightings of Partisans, and transport moving through the Kapela Pass had to travel in convoy for security. The division was able to restore a land connection with the NDH garrison of Gospić which had been reliant on supply from the sea since the Italian surrender, and drove three Partisan battalions out of the outskirts of Otočac.On 1 April 1944, <mask> was promoted to Generalleutnant. He identified that the Partisan 13th Division was using the Drežnica valley as a huge armoury, hiding captured Italian arms and ammunition in villages, basements, and even in fake graves in cemeteries. This was of major concern if the feared Allied landing eventuated. In mid-April, <mask> ordered Operation Keulenschlag (Mace Blow) to clear the area, using the 846th Infantry Regiment and parts of the 847th Infantry Regiment, supported by the divisional artillery and flak battalion. Over the next two weeks, the division pushed the Partisan 13th Division north to the area of Mrkopalj and Delnice, and captured sufficient material to equip two divisions, including 30 tons of small arms ammunition and 15 tons of artillery ammunition. The Partisan 35th Division attacked from the Plitvice Lakes area on 5 May and captured the village of Ramljane. Partisans also interdicted the Otočac-Gospić road.In response, <mask> planned Operation Morgenstern (Morning Star) to clear Partisan forces from the Krbavsko Polje region around Udbina. From 7 to 16 May 1944, along with elements of the 373rd (Croatian) Infantry Division, the 92nd Motorised Regiment, a battalion of the 1st Regiment of the Brandenburg Division, and Ustaše units, were involved in Operation Morgenstern. For its efforts in this operation, the division received its first mention in the Wehrmachtbericht (armed forces daily radio broadcast). Also in May, the division received 500 German reinforcements, and formed a field replacement battalion. The division saw action against the Partisans until the end of the war, often fighting alongside a grouping of Ustaše units that numbered up to 12,000 troops. Death and commemoration During the last few months of the war, the division was engaged in the defence of the northern Adriatic coast and Lika. On 8 April 1945, the city of Senj fell to the Partisans.The following day, during the fighting to control the Vratnik pass through the mountains from Senj to Brinje, <mask> personally took part in the fighting and was shot in the head around noon. He was transported to hospital in Fiume, and died the following day. <mask>'s wife, Helene, died in July 1946 of cancer. In 1967, the Austrian Armed Forces barracks (Mickl-Kaserne) in Bad Radkersburg were named after him, and they were used continuously by the Austrian Armed Forces for 44 years until 30 September 2008.

The Austrian-born army officer and division commander who served Nazi Germany during World War II was named <mask>. He received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and was a generalleutnant. He served with the Austro-Hungarian forces on the Eastern and Italian Fronts as a junior officer in the Imperial-Royal Mountain Troops. He was decorated several times for bravery and leadership during World War I. The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was formed after the war and the Volkswehr militia was formed to resist it. He was an Oberstleutnant in the German Army when the Austrian Army was absorbed by the Wehrmacht in 1938. During the Battle of France, he commanded an anti-tank battalion.<mask> was transferred to the North African theatre of operations. He received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for his leadership of a battle group. He was wounded and briefly commanded the 90th Light Division. He was sent to the Eastern Front after he recovered. <mask> took over the 25th Panzergrenadier Regiment when his brigade headquarters was disestablished. He received the Oak Leaves from his Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross for his leadership during the Soviet 1942–1943 winter offensives. During the Battle of Kursk, he commanded the 11th Panzer Division.He died of wounds inflicted in the last month of the war, after being appointed to train and command the 392nd (Croatian) Infantry Division. The Austrian armed forces barracks were named after him. <mask> was born in Zelting, which was part of the Duchy of Styria within the Austro-Hungarian Empire. His father was a German farmer from Terbegofzen, and his mother was from Zelting. Alois, the twin brother of Mikl, was killed in action in 1915 in Galicia near Lemberg. As a child, Mikl spoke all three languages and remained so throughout his life. The Theresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt accepted him after he entered a cadet school in Vienna.Described as slim, muscular, and tall, Mikl graduated on 1 August 1914 and was posted to the recently mobilised 4th Imperial-Royal Landwehr Infantry Regiment (LIR 4), which formed part of the Imperial-Royal Mountain Troops. The LIR 4 was a purely Carinthian unit and wore a mountain cap. As part of the 22nd Rifle Division of the III Corps, Mikl's unit arrived at the area of Zolochiv to take up a position. He was shot in the chest in the first battle. He was employed in the replacement battalion as an instructor after spending time in a military hospital. On June 2, 1915, LIR 4 received orders to join the fighting in the Kolomyia region, where the Russian army launched an offensive and the Austrians suffered serious reverses. The rear guard was formed during the withdrawal from the Pruth river.The Military Merit Cross 3rd Class with War decoration was awarded to Mikl for his actions. By late September 1915, LIR 4 had been transferred to the Bovec valley in the Julian Alps on the Southern Front, and Mikl had been promoted to Oberleutnant and placed in command of the 2nd Company. The Austrians did some research on the Royal Italian Army positions during the winter. Italian Alpini troops captured an advanced position on a rocky outcrop southwest of the Rombongipfels peak in August 1915. The Italians overlooked the positions of the 44th Rifle Division, which made it almost impossible to move. The two companies tasked with capturing the Cuklahhe did so. The Order of the Iron Crown 3rd Class was awarded to Mikl for his leadership of the assault on the Cuklahhe.During the Austrian spring offensive, which took place in April 1916, he was awarded the bronze Military Merit medal on the ribbon of the Bravery medal with War decoration, for leading a successful attack on an Italian position. At the end of June, the parent regiment was transferred back to Galicia to reinforce the Austro-Hungarian forces being hard-pressed by the Russian Brusilov Offensive, and then returned to the Southern Front where it remained until the late autumn of 1917. The Eighth Battle of the Isonzo took place on October 10, 1916. He was an instructor at an officer's school after he was assigned to the replacement battalion. He was awarded the silver Military Merit medal in January 1917. In August 1917, Mikl was appointed to command a machine gun company and served in the Battle of Caporetto. The silver Military Merit Medal was awarded to Mikl for his leadership in an assault river crossing.After graduating from the War College in Vienna on May 15, 1918, he was posted to the 54th Rifle Division. The dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary was dissolved three days after the Allies approved the states that would succeed them. Many new nation states emerged in the territory that was once part of the empire. The new states of Republic of German-Austria and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes divided the Duchy of Styria. In 1918, Mikl returned to his hometown of Radkersburg, an important railway junction point, which was of economic importance to both sides. The Slovenes occupied the city. The 1st Battalion of the Volkswehr militia used arms provided by the provincial government of Carinthia to make an unsuccessful attempt to recapture Radkersburg from forces of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slove in 1919.The warrant was issued by the provincial government of Styria, which did not support these actions. The First Austrian Republic was formed when the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye was signed in 1919. The Austrian Army accepted Mikl in 1920. He was posted to the 5th Cyclist Battalion in Villach, Carinthia on October 20, 1920. Burgenland was deployed to assist in the transfer of the region from Hungary to Austria. He changed his name to <mask> in 1922. <mask>'s only child, Manfred, was born in 1923.He was promoted to the rank of Major. <mask> passed the general staff exams in 1925. <mask> was made an "honorary citizen" of the town on July 26, 1930. <mask> served on the military headquarters for Carinthia in 1934 after fifteen years with the 5th Cyclist Battalion. He was posted to Sankt Plten in February of the next year. He was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1936. <mask>'s son entered the military cadet school.<mask> was absorbed at his rank into the German Army, but as a troop officer, not a general staff officer. He attended training at the Panzertruppenschule II from May to August of 1938. Command of the 42nd Panzerjger Battalion of the 2nd Light Division was given to him in Wnsdorf south of Berlin. The 15-year-old Manfred was left at the cadet school until his graduation after his mother moved to Gera to join Mickl. During the World War II invasions of Poland and France, <mask> commanded the 42nd Panzerjger Battalion of Generall Georg Stumme's 2nd Light Division. <mask> was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class. The 2nd Light Division was reclassified and converted to the 7th Panzer Division during the winter of 1939-40 in order to prepare for the invasion of France.General Rommel took command of the division in February 1940. <mask> was in charge of the 42nd Panzerjger Battalion. The British 1st Army Tank brigade had 37mm anti-tank guns and <mask>'s battalion was trying to stop them. His soldiers considered their guns to be tank door knockers because of their failure to penetrate the British tanks. The exposed flank of the division was overrun by <mask>'s battalion. The situation was saved by the use of anti-aircraft guns and field cannons which were able to knock out the British tanks. <mask> was promoted to Oberst on June 1st and was awarded the Iron Cross 1st Class on June 21st.<mask> was appointed to command the 7th Rifle Regiment of the division on December 10, 1940, after the French surrender. During the occupation of southwestern France, <mask> remained in command of the 7th Rifle Regiment, and during the division's preparation for the invasion of the Soviet Union, he was redeployed to Germany. <mask>uppe Rommel was placed in command. The Afrika Korps were assigned to a generalleutnant. <mask> arrived in North Africa in early September 1941.They were under-equipped with only a few vehicles and only two anti-tank guns per battalion. This would suffice for an attack on defensive positions, but not for mobile operations. After joining the Siege of Tobruk on 6 September, his unit became part of the Afrika (Special Purpose) Division and prepared for an attack on the fortress at the end of October. <mask> was placed in command of a battle group which was sent to stop the British after a strong British force was reported far to the south. The 605th Panzerjger Battalion was part of the force. The Afrika Regiment had only just arrived in the theatre and had no heavy weapons or vehicles. <mask>'s group was deployed on the high ground on either side of the airfield.<mask>'s force was hard-pressed to hold its positions barring the British approach to Tobruk from the south and south-eastern, as little tank support was available. <mask>'s group fought hard in the face of a superior force. Around 800 of <mask>'s troops were captured by elements of the New Zealand Division on November 26, 1941. <mask> and the POWs were freed by the Germans. The 90th Light Afrika Division was temporarily commanded by <mask> after its commander, Generalmajor Max Smmermann, was killed in an Allied air raid. <mask> remained at his post despite being wounded in the head and hand. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to <mask> on 13 December 1941.<mask> was sent home from convalescent leave at the end of December. <mask> was appointed to command the 12th Rifle brigade on the Eastern Front on March 25, 1942. The main reserve formation of Army Group North was the division, and when <mask> joined his brigade headquarters it was located on the coast near Narva. The 5th and 25th Motorised Infantry Regiments were part of the 12th Rifle brigade. During the Red Army's Winter Campaign of 1941–42, it fought on the Volkhov Front, where the Soviet Lyuban Offensive Operation had penetrated deep into its area of operations in an attempt to relieve Leningrad. The 18th Army battle groups were engaged in encircling and destroying cut-off Soviet units when Mickl arrived. <mask> was able to start gathering his brigade in May.<mask> was told at the end of June that his son had been wounded in the leg during the battle of Tobruk. In 1944, Manfred and his fiancée were killed in an air raid. <mask>'s brigade was reclassified as a Panzergrenadier (mechanised infantry) brigade, mostly on paper, after the 12th Panzer Division was finally concentrating near Mga. <mask> visited Manfred in hospital in Naples while on leave, but he came back to find that his brigade had once again been placed in battle groups along the Neva River. The division commander and staff would usually ignore him and his staff. By October, it was apparent that <mask>'s brigade headquarters was not being used as intended, and along with the brigade staff of all Panzer divisions, it was disestablished. <mask> took over the 25th Panzergrenadier Regiment, whose commander had fallen ill, without a command.<mask> concentrated on training and getting to know his men before conducting an anti-partisan operation called Affenkfig (Monkey Cage) between 11 and 14 November 1942. The regiment didn't have much experience in counter-insurgency. <mask> focused his efforts on securing winter quarters and building shelters for the vehicles. On the frontlines, east of Nevel, the Soviets were threatening to break through around the Rzhev salient and encircle the German 9th Army, and on 21 November the 12th Panzer Division received orders to march for the front. It was very difficult to march east in the cold and heavy snow. The men often had to clear the snow-clogged roads with shovels because of the heat in the back of the trucks. They were initially ordered to the south-west of Smolensk, but this was changed to the east.They were ordered to turn north towards Bely in order to stop the Soviet breakthrough south of Rzhev. At the head of the division, the 25th Panzergrenadier Regiment attacked off the route of march towards elements of the 1st Panzer Division holding out around the village of Komary. <mask> directed the battle which ended with the destruction of eight Soviet tank and rifle brigades in the Bely area. <mask>'s troops marched to the north-eastern part of Bely to stop the Soviets from entering the Luchesa river valley. In the difficult terrain and weather conditions, the regiment was exhausted from constant fighting over hamlets that often changed hands. <mask>'s II battalion was forced to withdraw from the forest after the Red Army reinforced their forces in the sector. <mask>'s brave leadership in the fighting to the Oberkommando des Heeres was reported by the divisional staff before the 12th Panzer Division was detached.On January 16, 1943, the division headed north-west to Velikiye Luki, but its move to the front was countermanded. <mask> was ordered to report to Berlin on February 2, 1943. On 20 November 1942, Wessel assessed <mask> as having the ability to command a Panzer division, and on 28 January, he extolled his "almost unparalleled bravery and boldness" in command of the 25th Panzergrenadier Regiment. <mask> spent three months in the army headquarters reserve pool after arriving in Gera on leave to visit his wife. He became the 205th recipient of the Oak Leaves to the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross after being promoted to Generalmajor on March 1st. During his time in the Fhrerreserve, he met with his mentor Rommel, now a Generalfeldmarschall, and he also attended a course for divisional commanders, which he referred to as a "fool's course". <mask> was assigned to the command of the 11th Panzer Division during the absence of Generalleutnant von Choltitz, who had been suffering with heart problems.<mask> expressed his disappointment that he was being allocated a division in need of re-organisation, rather than a fully equipped and full-strength modern division, despite the good news of being appointed to a divisional command. The 11th Panzer Division had not yet finished rebuilding after suffering serious losses during the December 1942 Operation Winter Storm, the attempted relief of German forces at Stalingrad in February and March 1943, and the Third Battle of Kharkov in March 1943. The 4th Panzer Army was a component of the Army Group South and formed part of the 11th Panzer Division. The southern pincer of the main assault was Army Group South. It was to attack north out of the areas west of Belgorod and link up with Field Marshall Gnther von Kluge's Army Group Centre, which was to attack south from the Orel region. On the afternoon of 4 July, a preliminary operation was conducted to secure the heights overlooking the Soviet defensive positions near Kursk, which were essentially a series of staggered defensive positions and minefields reinforced with anti-tank weapons. <mask>'s division achieved its objectives and began its main assault on July 5.The 11th Panzer Division advanced on the right side of the XLVIII Panzer Corps and on the left side of the powerful Panzergrenadier Division Grodeutschland. Difficult terrain and constant Soviet counterattacks hampered its progress. The heavily fortified village of Cherkasskoye was captured by it. <mask>'s division had reached the Pena river north and northeast of Cherkasskoye by the evening of 6 July, after breaching the first belt of the formidable Soviet defences. The bridge over the Psel River at Oboyan was the objective that Hoth had set for 6 July. The 11th Panzer Division advanced towards Oboyan on 7 July, alongside the Grodeutschland Division. The two divisions overcame resistance from a number of Soviet strongpoints over the next few days.They had defeated elements of the Soviet 10th Tank Corps on the heights of Oboyan by 10 July. The men of the division were able to see the vast plain behind Oboyan with the aid of binoculars. The northern pincer had been stopped north of Kursk in heavy fighting, and the 11th Panzer Division had gained the most northern penetration into the Soviet salient during the operation. Two times in the next few days, the XLVIII Panzer Corps attempted to punch through the Soviet defences to the north, while to the east the II SS Panzer Corps and German Army Detachment Kempf fought the tanks of the Soviet Steppe Front. Once Oboyan was captured, the 11th Panzer Division was ordered to attack towards the upper reaches of the Psel, followed by the Grodeutschland Division. The two divisions were to work together to defeat the Soviet forces. Over the next week, <mask>'s division fought defensive battles against the Red Army, but his commanders and key staff did not support his style of leadership, which was modeled on that of his mentor Rommel.<mask>'s division was attacked by the Soviets for nearly a week. <mask> wrote a letter on July 21 saying that he wanted to be a battalion commander again so that he wouldn't have to deal with such a large frontline. He was told that the next day he should expect Choltitz to return and take over command, but instead he spent three weeks commanding the 11th Panzer Division. On August 12th, he received a message telling him that he was to be relieved by Generalmajor Wend vonWietersheim. <mask> returned to Gera disappointed and angry, as he felt that he had made a good enough impression during the fighting to be retained as commander of the division. His relief is not clear. It is possible that Army Headquarters decided <mask> was better suited to fighting in his native Balkans because of his fluency in several local languages.<mask> was sent to Austria to train and command a new division after three weeks of leave. On 13 August 1943, he was appointed to this command. The third and last Croatian division raised for service in the Wehrmacht was assembled and trained in Austria on 17 August. There were 8,500 soldiers of the Croatian Home Guard who were part of the regular army of the Independent State of Croatia. The division was commanded by the Germans and was often referred to as a "legionnaire division". The Germans decided not to use the division outside the NDH because it was intended for use on the Eastern Front. Between January 5 and January 10, 1944, the division was deployed to the NDH by rail to participate in the Nazi security warfare in the western part of the puppet state.<mask>'s task was to secure the Adriatic coastline along the Croatian Littoral between Fiume and Karlobag. The crucial supply route between Karlovac and Senj was secured. The port of Senj was dominated by the Yugoslav Partisans since the fall of Italy in 1943. The headquarters of <mask>'s division was to be established in Karlovac after it was placed under the command of the XV Mountain Corps. The Zagreb–Karlovac railway line was to be taken over by the division. The drive southwest from Karlovac between 13 and 16 January 1944 was the start of the planned attack against the NDH garrison. The Croatian soldiers panicked and their German leaders were killed or wounded in their first engagements with the Partisan 8th Division.On 16 January, the advance was stopped and the villages in that area were secured. The push through to the coast was followed by the operation Drenica, which forced passes through the Velika Kapela mountain range. Both passes were higher than sea level. The Kapela and Vratnik passes were captured by the division. There were a number of engagements along the road to the coast. The 847th Infantry Regiment was given the task of securing the coastline up the coast as far as Bakar, and southward to the village of Jablanac, as well as securing the divisional supply route from Senj to Generalski Stol. The 847th Infantry Regiment spread out along the coastline between Karlobag and Crikvenica and built fortifications against an Allied invasion.The 264th Infantry Division was responsible for the coast further to the southeast. In late February or early March 1944, the 847th Infantry Regiment, supported by an Ustae battalion, advanced on Plaki when they were stopped by deep snow. 30 soldiers were killed whenisans attacked their supply lines. The Rab and Pag islands of the Adriatic were occupied by the 847th Regiment in March. In the same month, the 846th Regiment conducted an operation in the Gacka river valley around Otoac, as well as assisting the Croatian Home Guard with their own population in the divisional area. Jadgkommandos, lightly armed and mobile "hunter teams" of company or battalion strength, were used to conduct follow-up of spotted Partisans in the spring of 1944, and transport moving through the Kapela Pass had to travel in convoy for security. The division was able to restore a land connection with the NDH garrison of Gospi which had been reliant on supply from the sea since the Italian surrender.<mask> was promoted to Generalleutnant on April 1, 1944. The Drenica valley was being used as an armoury by the Partisan 13th Division, hiding captured Italian arms in villages, basements, and even fake graves. If the Allied landing eventuated, this was of major concern. <mask> ordered the clearing of the area using the Over the next two weeks, the division pushed the Partisan 13th Division north to the area of Mrkopalj and Delnice, and captured enough material to equip two divisions. The village of Ramljane was captured by the Partisan 35th Division. The Otoac-Gospi road was interdicted.<mask> planned to clear Partisan forces from the Krbavsko Polje region around Udbina. The 373rd (Croatian) Infantry Division, the 92nd Motorised Regiment, a battalion of the 1st Regiment of the Brandenburg Division, and Ustae units were involved in the operation. The division received its first mention in the Wehrmachtbericht for its efforts in this operation. 500 German reinforcements and a field replacement battalion were received by the division in May. The division fought alongside a group of Ustae units that numbered up to 12,000 troops. During the last few months of the war, the division was engaged in the defence of the northern Adriatic coast. The city of Senj fell to the Partisans on April 8, 1945.<mask> was shot in the head during the fighting to control the Vratnik pass through the mountains from Senj to Brinje. He died the day after he was taken to the hospital. <mask>'s wife died of cancer. The Austrian armed forces used theMickl-Kaserne barracks in Bad Radkersburg for 44 years until September 2008.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricky%20Hui

Ricky Hui

Ricky Hui Kwun-ying (3 August 1946 – 8 November 2011) was a Hong Kong actor and singer. He along with his brothers, Michael and Sam, made several comedy blockbusters in the 1970s and 1980s. Biography Ricky Hui Kun-ying was born 3 August 1946 in Panyu, Guangdong, China. He had four siblings, Samuel, Michael, Stanley and Judy. The Hui family migrated from mainland China to Hong Kong in 1950 and settled in the then poor area of Diamond Hill. His father worked hard and undertook any work available to be able to support his family. In the Hui family Arts played a very significant role. Ricky's father played the violin and his mother loved Cantonese opera. Films Ricky worked as a correspondent for the French Press Agency in Hong Kong. He also frequently appeared in Shaw Brothers films between 1972 and 1976, such as The Lizard (1972), The 14 Amazons (1972), The Sugar Daddies (1973), The Generation Gap (1973), Rivals of Kung Fu (1974), Hong Kong 73 (1974) etc. For him the big break came when he joined his brothers on screen. Hui's first major role was in Games Gamblers Play (1974) as a card player followed by The Last Message (1975) with a short appearance as a waiter. Ricky had a larger role in The Private Eyes (1976) and with that film a new era of the Hong Kong Cinema started. The Hui brothers' comedy films were an influential part of Hong Kong cinema. Their films were packed with visual gags and unique Cantonese humor. Although Ricky had only a small role in The Private Eyes, it remained one of the all time favorites among fans. According to Michael Hui, Ricky had only brief appearance in this film because at that time he had a contract with the Shaw Brothers. Reportedly, his contract with the Shaw Brothers ended around 1976, because the last Shaw Brothers film he appeared in was Challenge of the Masters that year. The following year found Ricky at Golden Harvest with a leading role in John Woo's Money Crazy as well as From Riches to Rags. In 1979 Games Gamblers Play was released in the Japanese market. For this edition Michael shot a new scene, a fight between Ricky and Sam on the beach, and replaced the original Sammo Hung vs Sam Hui fight with it. The next Hui brothers production where Ricky teamed up with his brothers again was The Contract in 1978, followed by Security Unlimited (1981), one of the most successful films featuring the Hui brothers; Security Unlimited was full of gags and included the Huis' trademark Cantonese humor. In the late 1970s and early 1980s Ricky played leading roles in John Woo films like From Riches To Rags (1979), To Hell with the Devil (1982) or Plain Jane To The Rescue (1982). Michael became a producer in 1987 and Ricky appeared in his films: Chicken and Duck Talk (1988), Front Page (1990), The Magic Touch (1992). In 1985 Sammo Hung produced one of the biggest cult films Mr. Vampire where Ricky Hui played Man Choi, a memorable role on the side of the unforgettable (Lam Ching-ying). Ricky was most active in his film career in the 1970s and 1980s. In the late 1990s he appeared in only one film, in First Love Unlimited (1997). He later rejoined his brother Sam in Winner Takes All (2000). The last films Ricky Hui appeared in were Super Model and Forever Yours, both from 2004. Music Hui has also released seven albums, most of them on vinyl in the 1970s and 1980s. There are three Ricky albums on vinyl: 發錢寒 (1977), 夏之戀 (1978), 錢作怪 (1980). In 1993 '93 急流? was released, which featured new songs by Sam Hui and guest vocals from Michael Hui. The second album in 1993 was 一生渴望 (Lifelong Desire) a 2-CD set that featured one CD of hits from the 1970s and 1980s, and brand-new Mandarin recordings of songs from '93 急流?. It also paved the way for Ricky's 2 shows at the Hong Kong Coliseum (produced by Sam Hui). The third CD was released in 2001, called The Classical Songs of Universal. It is the re-released version of the album from 1980 with a few extra songs. The last, Greatest Hits album (2CDs), 十足斤兩, was released ony 26 July 2006. Ricky also wrote some songs for his brother Sam: On Sam Hui's debut Cantonese album, Ricky wrote 3 complete songs (music and lyrics): Track 3 (甜蜜伴侶), track 4 (無情夜冷風), and track 11 (夜雨聲). On Sam's 2nd Cantonese album, Ricky contributed 2 songs: track 5 (情人離別去), track 10 (歡樂桃源), and track 11 (故苑懷舊). On Sam's 3rd Cantonese album, Ricky has one contribution: track 12 (流水恨). He also wrote a song that can only be heard on his own debut album in 1977: 月影. In 2000 Ricky had a stage play called Ha Luk Hei Ban (蝦碌戲班). In the same year he appeared in five episodes of the ATV series Heung Gong Yat Ka Chun. In 2001 a DVD was released of a variety show about the development of Hong Kong entertainment, called Laughing Kaleidoscope which featured Ricky among various artists on stage. In the same year he participated with three songs in the La Fai Palace Jubilee concert. In 2003 Ricky appeared in a concert commemorating the 8th anniversary of the death of Teresa Teng and also celebrating her 50th birthday. Ricky participated with three songs in Sing Along Golden Hits Encore Concert in 2004 among other stars. He appeared in the Rosanne in Starry Night Concert in March, 2006. Ricky was also a returning guest on Sam Hui's concerts singing a few songs on his own or duets with his brother. He often participated in television game shows as well. On 30 July 2006, Ricky appeared on concert in Jockey Club Auditorium, at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Death Ricky Hui died of a heart attack at home on 8 November 2011 at the age of 65. His funeral was held at Po Fook Hill Memorial Hall in Sha Tin, and was attended by dozens of guests and relatives. His family followed his wishes to put his ashes to sea in Sai Kung. 8th November also is the death day of Hong Kong actor Lam Ching-ying, who was Ricky Hui's partner in "Mr Vampire". Filmography References External links Ricky Hui an Appreciation Site from Hungary Ricky Hui on Hong Kong Cinemagic Ricky Hui Forum Special topic on the English board of Hong Kong Cinemagic 1946 births Hong Kong male film actors Hong Kong male comedians 2011 deaths People from Panyu District Male actors from Guangzhou 20th-century Hong Kong male actors 21st-century Hong Kong male actors Hong Kong male singers Cantopop singers

<mask>wun-ying (3 August 1946 – 8 November 2011) was a Hong Kong actor and singer. He along with his brothers, Michael and Sam, made several comedy blockbusters in the 1970s and 1980s. Biography <mask>n-ying was born 3 August 1946 in Panyu, Guangdong, China. He had four siblings, Samuel, Michael, Stanley and Judy. The Hui family migrated from mainland China to Hong Kong in 1950 and settled in the then poor area of Diamond Hill. His father worked hard and undertook any work available to be able to support his family. In the Hui family Arts played a very significant role.<mask>'s father played the violin and his mother loved Cantonese opera. Films <mask> worked as a correspondent for the French Press Agency in Hong Kong. He also frequently appeared in Shaw Brothers films between 1972 and 1976, such as The Lizard (1972), The 14 Amazons (1972), The Sugar Daddies (1973), The Generation Gap (1973), Rivals of Kung Fu (1974), Hong Kong 73 (1974) etc. For him the big break came when he joined his brothers on screen. <mask>'s first major role was in Games Gamblers Play (1974) as a card player followed by The Last Message (1975) with a short appearance as a waiter. <mask> had a larger role in The Private Eyes (1976) and with that film a new era of the Hong Kong Cinema started. The <mask> brothers' comedy films were an influential part of Hong Kong cinema.Their films were packed with visual gags and unique Cantonese humor. Although <mask> had only a small role in The Private Eyes, it remained one of the all time favorites among fans. According to <mask>, <mask> had only brief appearance in this film because at that time he had a contract with the Shaw Brothers. Reportedly, his contract with the Shaw Brothers ended around 1976, because the last Shaw Brothers film he appeared in was Challenge of the Masters that year. The following year found <mask> at Golden Harvest with a leading role in John Woo's Money Crazy as well as From Riches to Rags. In 1979 Games Gamblers Play was released in the Japanese market. For this edition Michael shot a new scene, a fight between <mask> and Sam on the beach, and replaced the original Sammo Hung vs <mask> fight with it.The next Hui brothers production where <mask> teamed up with his brothers again was The Contract in 1978, followed by Security Unlimited (1981), one of the most successful films featuring the Hui brothers; Security Unlimited was full of gags and included the Huis' trademark Cantonese humor. In the late 1970s and early 1980s <mask> played leading roles in John Woo films like From Riches To Rags (1979), To Hell with the Devil (1982) or Plain Jane To The Rescue (1982). Michael became a producer in 1987 and <mask> appeared in his films: Chicken and Duck Talk (1988), Front Page (1990), The Magic Touch (1992). In 1985 Sammo Hung produced one of the biggest cult films Mr. Vampire where <mask> played Man Choi, a memorable role on the side of the unforgettable (Lam Ching-ying). <mask> was most active in his film career in the 1970s and 1980s. In the late 1990s he appeared in only one film, in First Love Unlimited (1997). He later rejoined his brother Sam in Winner Takes All (2000).The last films <mask> appeared in were Super Model and Forever Yours, both from 2004. Music Hui has also released seven albums, most of them on vinyl in the 1970s and 1980s. There are three Ricky albums on vinyl: 發錢寒 (1977), 夏之戀 (1978), 錢作怪 (1980). In 1993 '93 急流? was released, which featured new songs by <mask> and guest vocals from <mask>. The second album in 1993 was 一生渴望 (Lifelong Desire) a 2-CD set that featured one CD of hits from the 1970s and 1980s, and brand-new Mandarin recordings of songs from '93 急流?. It also paved the way for <mask>'s 2 shows at the Hong Kong Coliseum (produced by <mask>).The third CD was released in 2001, called The Classical Songs of Universal. It is the re-released version of the album from 1980 with a few extra songs. The last, Greatest Hits album (2CDs), 十足斤兩, was released ony 26 July 2006. <mask> also wrote some songs for his brother Sam: On <mask>'s debut Cantonese album, <mask> wrote 3 complete songs (music and lyrics): Track 3 (甜蜜伴侶), track 4 (無情夜冷風), and track 11 (夜雨聲). On Sam's 2nd Cantonese album, <mask> contributed 2 songs: track 5 (情人離別去), track 10 (歡樂桃源), and track 11 (故苑懷舊). On Sam's 3rd Cantonese album, <mask> has one contribution: track 12 (流水恨). He also wrote a song that can only be heard on his own debut album in 1977: 月影.In 2000 <mask> had a stage play called Ha Luk Hei Ban (蝦碌戲班). In the same year he appeared in five episodes of the ATV series Heung Gong Yat Ka Chun. In 2001 a DVD was released of a variety show about the development of Hong Kong entertainment, called Laughing Kaleidoscope which featured <mask> among various artists on stage. In the same year he participated with three songs in the La Fai Palace Jubilee concert. In 2003 <mask> appeared in a concert commemorating the 8th anniversary of the death of Teresa Teng and also celebrating her 50th birthday. <mask> participated with three songs in Sing Along Golden Hits Encore Concert in 2004 among other stars. He appeared in the Rosanne in Starry Night Concert in March, 2006.<mask> was also a returning guest on <mask>'s concerts singing a few songs on his own or duets with his brother. He often participated in television game shows as well. On 30 July 2006, <mask> appeared on concert in Jockey Club Auditorium, at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Death <mask> died of a heart attack at home on 8 November 2011 at the age of 65. His funeral was held at Po Fook Hill Memorial Hall in Sha Tin, and was attended by dozens of guests and relatives. His family followed his wishes to put his ashes to sea in Sai Kung. 8th November also is the death day of Hong Kong actor Lam Ching-ying, who was <mask>'s partner in "Mr Vampire".Filmography References External links <mask> an Appreciation Site from Hungary <mask> on Hong Kong Cinemagic Ricky <mask> Forum Special topic on the English board of Hong Kong Cinemagic 1946 births Hong Kong male film actors Hong Kong male comedians 2011 deaths People from Panyu District Male actors from Guangzhou 20th-century Hong Kong male actors 21st-century Hong Kong male actors Hong Kong male singers Cantopop singers

<mask>ing was an actor and singer. In the 1970s and 1980s, he and his brothers made several comedy blockbusters. <mask>n-ying was born in Panyu, Guangdong, China. Samuel, Michael, Stanley and Judy were his siblings. The <mask> family migrated from mainland China to Hong Kong in 1950 and settled in the poor area of Diamond Hill. His father worked hard to support his family. The arts played a significant role in the family.<mask>'s mother loved Cantonese opera and his father played the violin. <mask> was a correspondent for the French Press Agency in Hong Kong. Between 1972 and 1976, he appeared in Shaw Brothers films such as The 14 Amazons, The Sugar Daddies, The Generation Gap, and Hong Kong 73. He got the big break when he joined his brothers on screen. He played a card player in Games Gamblers Play and a waiter in The Last Message. A new era of the Hong Kong Cinema began with <mask>'s larger role in The Private Eyes. Hong Kong cinema was influenced by the Hui brothers' comedy films.Their films were filled with gags and Cantonese humor. <mask> had a small role in The Private Eyes, but it was still one of the most popular films of all time. <mask> only appeared in this film because he had a contract with the Shaw Brothers. The last Shaw Brothers film he appeared in was Challenge of the Masters in 1976. <mask> had a leading role in John Woo's Money Crazy as well as From Riches to Rags. Games Gamblers Play was released in Japan in 1979. Michael shot a new scene, a fight between <mask> and Sam on the beach, instead of the original Sammo Hung vs <mask> fight.<mask> collaborated with his brothers again in 1978, this time in The Contract, a film that was full of gags and included the <mask>s' trademark Cantonese humor. <mask> played leading roles in John Woo films in the late 1970s and early 1980s. <mask> appeared in several films, including Chicken and Duck Talk, Front Page, and The Magic Touch. One of the biggest cult films of the 1980's was produced by Sammo Hung and starred <mask>. <mask> had a film career in the 1970s and 1980s. He appeared in one film in the late 1990s. His brother Sam was in Winner Takes All.Super Model and Forever Yours were the last films <mask> appeared in. Most of the seven albums released by <mask> were on vinyl in the 1970s and 1980s. There are three Ricky albums on vinyl. In 1993? There were new songs by Sam and guest vocals from Michael. The second album in 1993 was, a 2-CD set that featured one CD of hits from the 1970s and 1980s, and brand-new Mandarin recordings of songs from '93. It paved the way for <mask>'s 2 shows at the Hong Kong Coliseum.The third CD was called The Classical Songs of Universal. There are a few extra songs in the re-released version of the album. The last album was released in July of 2006 <mask> wrote three songs for his brother Sam: Track 3, Track 4 and Track 11 are complete songs. <mask> contributed two songs to Sam's 2nd Cantonese album. <mask> contributed to Sam's 3rd Cantonese album. He wrote a song that can only be heard on his debut album.<mask> had a stage play in 2000. He appeared in five episodes of the ATV series. <mask> was on stage in Laughing Kaleidoscope, a variety show about the development of Hong Kong entertainment, which was released in 2001. He participated in three songs in the La Fai Palace Jubilee concert. <mask> performed in a concert in 2003 to commemorate the 8th anniversary of Teresa's death and her 50th birthday. <mask> was a part of the Sing Along Golden Hits encore concert in 2004. He appeared in a concert.<mask> and his brother had duets on one of <mask>'s concerts. He played on television game shows as well. <mask> performed at the Jockey Club auditorium at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. <mask> died of a heart attack at the age of 65. Dozens of guests and relatives attended his funeral at the Po Fook Hill Memorial Hall in Sha Tin. His family took his ashes to the sea. The death day of a Hong Kong actor is 8th November.Special topic on the English board of Hong Kong Cinemagic1946 births Hong Kong male film actors Hong Kong male comedians 2011 deaths People from Panyu District

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20H.%20Baxter

William H. Baxter

William Hubbard Baxter III (born March 3, 1949) is an American linguist specializing in the history of the Chinese language and best known for his work on the reconstruction on Old Chinese. Biography Baxter earned his Ph.D. in Linguistics in 1977 at Cornell University. In 1983 he joined the University of Michigan, where he is currently Professor of Linguistics and Asian Languages and Cultures. Baxter's A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology is the standard reference for the reconstruction of Old Chinese phonology. Together with Laurent Sagart at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris he has produced an improved reconstruction of the pronunciation, vocabulary, and morphology of Old Chinese. A reconstruction for nearly 5000 words has been published online. In 2016, Baxter and Sagart were awarded the Leonard Bloomfield Book Award by the Linguistic Society of America for their 2014 book Old Chinese: A New Reconstruction. Publications Sagart, Laurent, and William H. Baxter (2012). Reconstructing the *s- prefix in Old Chinese. Language and Linguistics 13: 29–59. Shā Jiā’ěr 沙加尔 [Laurent Sagart] and Bái Yīpíng 白一平 [William H. Baxter] (2010). Shànggǔ Hànyǔ de N- hé m- qiánzhuì 上古汉语的 N- 和 m- 前缀. Hàn-Zàng yǔ xuébào 汉藏语学报 [Journal of Sino-Tibetan Linguistics] 4: 62–69. Bái Yīpíng 白一平 [William H. Baxter] (2010). "'Yì', 'shì' 'shè' děng zì de gòunǐ hé zhōnggǔ sy- (shūmǔ = shěnsān) de láiyuán" “埶”, “勢”, “設” 等字的構擬和中古 sy-（書母 = 審三） 的來源 . Jiǎnbó 簡帛 5: 161–178. Sagart, Laurent, and William H. Baxter (2009). Reconstructing Old Chinese uvulars in the Baxter–Sagart system (version 0.99). Cahiers de linguistique Asie orientale 38: 221–244. (2000) (with Alexis Manaster Ramer) Beyond lumping and splitting: probabilistic issues in historical linguistics. In Time depth in historical linguistics, ed. by Colin Renfrew, April McMahon & Larry Trask, 167–188. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. (1999) "Reconstructing Proto-'Mandarin' retroflex initials". In Issues in Chinese dialect description and classification (Journal of Chinese Linguistics Monographs, 15), ed. by Richard VanNess Simmons, 1–35. Berkeley: Project on Linguistic Analysis. (1999) Eulogy: Nicholas C. Bodman (1913–1997). Journal of Chinese Linguistics 27: 190–191. (1998) Response to Oswalt and Ringe. In Nostratic: Sifting the Evidence, ed. by Joseph C. Salmons and Brian D. Joseph, 217–236. Amsterdam: Benjamins. (1998) Situating the language of the Lao-tzu: the probable date of the Tao-te-ching. In Lao-tzu and the Tao-te-ching, ed. by Livia Kohn and Michael LaFargue, 231–253. Albany: State University Press of New York, 1998. (1997) (with Laurent Sagart) Word formation in Old Chinese. In New approaches to Chinese word formation, ed. by Jerome Packard, 35–76. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. (1996) Review (with Alexis Manaster Ramer) of Donald A. Ringe, Jr., On calculating the factor of chance in language comparison (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1992), Diachronica 13: 371–384. (1995) "'A stronger affinity … than could have been produced by accident': a probabilistic comparison of Old Chinese and Tibeto-Burman". In The Ancestry of the Chinese Language (Journal of Chinese Linguistics Monographs, 8), ed. by William S-Y. Wang, 1–39. Berkeley: Project on Linguistic Analysis. (1995) "Pre-Qièyùn distinctions in the Mǐn dialects". In Papers from the First International Symposium on Languages in Taiwan (Dì 1 jiè Táiwān yǔyán guójì yántǎo huì lùnwén xuǎnjí 第一屆臺灣 語言國際研討會論文選集) ed. by Ts’ao Feng-fu 曹逢甫 and Ts’ai Mei-hui 蔡美慧, 393–406. Taipei: Crane Publishing. (1994) Guānyú Shànggǔyīn de sìge jiǎshè 關於上古音的四個假設 (Four hypotheses on Old Chinese phonology). In Zhōngguó jìngnèi yǔyán jì yǔyánxué 中國境內語言暨語言學 (Chinese languages and linguistics), vol. 2: Lìshǐ yǔyánxué 歷史語言學 (Historical linguistics), ed. by Li Jen-kuei 李壬癸, Huang Chu-ren 黃居仁, and T’ang Chih-chen 湯志真, 41–60. Taipei: Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica. (1994) Reply to Pulleyblank. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 22: 139–160 (1994) Some phonological correspondences between Chinese and Tibeto-Burman. In Current issues in Sino-Tibetan Linguistics, ed. by Hajime Kitamura, Tatsuo Nishida, and Yasuhiko Nagano, 25–35. Osaka: The Organizing Committee, The 26th International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics. (1993) Review of Johanna Nichols, Linguistic diversity in space and time (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992), Science 259: 1927–8 (26 March 1993). (1993) Pre-Qieyun distinctions in the Min dialects. First International Symposium on Languages in Taiwan, Taipei. (1992) A handbook of Old Chinese phonology. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1992. (1991) Zhōu and Hàn phonology in the Shījīng. In Studies in the historical phonology of Asian languages (Current issues in linguistic theory, 77), ed. by William G. Boltz and Michael C. Shapiro, 1–34. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. (1991) On the hypothesis of a genetic connection between the Sino-Tibetan languages and the Yeniseian and North-Caucasian languages’ (annotated translation of Sergei Starostin’s ‘Gipoteza o genetičeskix svjazjax sinotibetskix jazykov s enisejskimi i severno-kavkazskimi jazykami’). In Dene-Sino-Caucasian languages: materials from the First International Interdisciplinary Symposium on Language and Prehistory, Ann Arbor, 8–12 November 1988, edited by Vitaly Shevoroshkin. Bochum: Brockmeyer. (1989) Review of Marie-Claude Paris, Problèmes de syntaxe et de sémantique en linguistique chinoise, Mémoires de l’Institut des Hautes Études Chinoises, vol. 20 (Paris: Collège de France, Institut des Hautes Études Chinoises, 1981). Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 24: 111–118 (1987) Review of E. G. Pulleyblank, Middle Chinese: a study in historical phonology (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1984). Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 47.635–656. (1986) Old Chinese *-u and *-iw in the Shi-jing. In Contributions to Sino-Tibetan studies (Cornell linguistic contributions, 5), ed. by John McCoy and Timothy Light, 258–282. Leiden: E. J. Brill. (1986) Chinese and Japanese CAI at the University of Michigan. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 21: 19–26. (1985) Tibeto-Burman cognates of Old Chinese *-ij and *-ɨj. In Linguistics of the Sino-Tibetan area: the state of the art—papers presented to Paul K. Benedict for his 71st birthday (Pacific linguistics, series C, no. 87), ed. by Graham Thurgood, James A. Matisoff, and David Bradley, 242–263. Canberra: The Australian National University. (1985) Language and language policy in Singapore. Social Education 49: 116–117 (1985). (1985) Review of W. South Coblin, A handbook of Eastern Han sound glosses (Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1983). Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 48.170–171. (1984) Formal semantics of a fragment of Chinese. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 19: 37–52. (1983) A look at the history of Chinese color terminology. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 18(2): 1–25. (1983) Shànggǔ Hànyǔ *sr- de fāzhǎn 上古汉语 *sr- 的发展’ (The development of Old Chinese *sr–). Yǔyán Yánjiū 语言研究 (Wǔhàn) 4: 22–26. (1982) Review of Paul Fu-Mien Yang, Chinese dialectology: a selected and classified bibliography (Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1981). Journal of Asian Studies 41: 158–159. (1982) Some proposals on Old Chinese phonology. In Contributions in historical linguistics: issues and materials (Cornell linguistic contributions, 3), ed. by Frans van Coetsem and Linda R. Waugh, 1–33. Leiden: E. J. Brill. See also Baxter's transcription for Middle Chinese References External links Home page American sinologists Living people University of Michigan faculty Cornell University alumni Linguists from the United States 1949 births Linguists of Chinese

<mask> (born March 3, 1949) is an American linguist specializing in the history of the Chinese language and best known for his work on the reconstruction on Old Chinese. Biography <mask> earned his Ph.D. in Linguistics in 1977 at Cornell University. In 1983 he joined the University of Michigan, where he is currently Professor of Linguistics and Asian Languages and Cultures. <mask>'s A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology is the standard reference for the reconstruction of Old Chinese phonology. Together with Laurent Sagart at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris he has produced an improved reconstruction of the pronunciation, vocabulary, and morphology of Old Chinese. A reconstruction for nearly 5000 words has been published online. In 2016, <mask> and Sagart were awarded the Leonard Bloomfield Book Award by the Linguistic Society of America for their 2014 book Old Chinese: A New Reconstruction.Publications Sagart, Laurent, and <mask><mask> (2012). Reconstructing the *s- prefix in Old Chinese. Language and Linguistics 13: 29–59. Shā Jiā’ěr 沙加尔 [Laurent Sagart] and Bái Yīpíng 白一平 [<mask><mask>] (2010). Shànggǔ Hànyǔ de N- hé m- qiánzhuì 上古汉语的 N- 和 m- 前缀. Hàn-Zàng yǔ xuébào 汉藏语学报 [Journal of Sino-Tibetan Linguistics] 4: 62–69. Bái Yīpíng 白一平 [<mask>. <mask>] (2010)."'Yì', 'shì' 'shè' děng zì de gòunǐ hé zhōnggǔ sy- (shūmǔ = shěnsān) de láiyuán" “埶”, “勢”, “設” 等字的構擬和中古 sy-（書母 = 審三） 的來源 . Jiǎnbó 簡帛 5: 161–178. Sagart, Laurent, and <mask><mask> (2009). Reconstructing Old Chinese uvulars in the <mask>rt system (version 0.99). Cahiers de linguistique Asie orientale 38: 221–244. (2000) (with Alexis Manaster Ramer) Beyond lumping and splitting: probabilistic issues in historical linguistics. In Time depth in historical linguistics, ed.by Colin Renfrew, April McMahon & Larry Trask, 167–188. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. (1999) "Reconstructing Proto-'Mandarin' retroflex initials". In Issues in Chinese dialect description and classification (Journal of Chinese Linguistics Monographs, 15), ed. by Richard VanNess Simmons, 1–35. Berkeley: Project on Linguistic Analysis. (1999) Eulogy: Nicholas C. Bodman (1913–1997).Journal of Chinese Linguistics 27: 190–191. (1998) Response to Oswalt and Ringe. In Nostratic: Sifting the Evidence, ed. by Joseph C. Salmons and Brian D. Joseph, 217–236. Amsterdam: Benjamins. (1998) Situating the language of the Lao-tzu: the probable date of the Tao-te-ching. In Lao-tzu and the Tao-te-ching, ed.by Livia Kohn and Michael LaFargue, 231–253. Albany: State University Press of New York, 1998. (1997) (with Laurent Sagart) Word formation in Old Chinese. In New approaches to Chinese word formation, ed. by Jerome Packard, 35–76. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. (1996) Review (with Alexis Manaster Ramer) of Donald A. Ringe, Jr., On calculating the factor of chance in language comparison (Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1992), Diachronica 13: 371–384.(1995) "'A stronger affinity … than could have been produced by accident': a probabilistic comparison of Old Chinese and Tibeto-Burman". In The Ancestry of the Chinese Language (Journal of Chinese Linguistics Monographs, 8), ed. by <mask>-Y. Wang, 1–39. Berkeley: Project on Linguistic Analysis. (1995) "Pre-Qièyùn distinctions in the Mǐn dialects". In Papers from the First International Symposium on Languages in Taiwan (Dì 1 jiè Táiwān yǔyán guójì yántǎo huì lùnwén xuǎnjí 第一屆臺灣 語言國際研討會論文選集) ed.by Ts’ao Feng-fu 曹逢甫 and Ts’ai Mei-hui 蔡美慧, 393–406. Taipei: Crane Publishing. (1994) Guānyú Shànggǔyīn de sìge jiǎshè 關於上古音的四個假設 (Four hypotheses on Old Chinese phonology). In Zhōngguó jìngnèi yǔyán jì yǔyánxué 中國境內語言暨語言學 (Chinese languages and linguistics), vol. 2: Lìshǐ yǔyánxué 歷史語言學 (Historical linguistics), ed. by Li Jen-kuei 李壬癸, <mask>-ren 黃居仁, and T’ang Chih-chen 湯志真, 41–60. Taipei: Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica.(1994) Reply to Pulleyblank. Journal of Chinese Linguistics 22: 139–160 (1994) Some phonological correspondences between Chinese and Tibeto-Burman. In Current issues in Sino-Tibetan Linguistics, ed. by <mask> Kitamura, Tatsuo Nishida, and Yasuhiko Nagano, 25–35. Osaka: The Organizing Committee, The 26th International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics. (1993) Review of Johanna Nichols, Linguistic diversity in space and time (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992), Science 259: 1927–8 (26 March 1993). (1993) Pre-Qieyun distinctions in the Min dialects.First International Symposium on Languages in Taiwan, Taipei. (1992) A handbook of Old Chinese phonology. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1992. (1991) Zhōu and Hàn phonology in the Shījīng. In Studies in the historical phonology of Asian languages (Current issues in linguistic theory, 77), ed. by <mask>. Boltz and Michael C. Shapiro, 1–34. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.(1991) On the hypothesis of a genetic connection between the Sino-Tibetan languages and the Yeniseian and North-Caucasian languages’ (annotated translation of Sergei Starostin’s ‘Gipoteza o genetičeskix svjazjax sinotibetskix jazykov s enisejskimi i severno-kavkazskimi jazykami’). In Dene-Sino-Caucasian languages: materials from the First International Interdisciplinary Symposium on Language and Prehistory, Ann Arbor, 8–12 November 1988, edited by Vitaly Shevoroshkin. Bochum: Brockmeyer. (1989) Review of Marie-Claude Paris, Problèmes de syntaxe et de sémantique en linguistique chinoise, Mémoires de l’Institut des Hautes Études Chinoises, vol. 20 (Paris: Collège de France, Institut des Hautes Études Chinoises, 1981). Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 24: 111–118 (1987) Review of E. G. Pulleyblank, Middle Chinese: a study in historical phonology (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1984). Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 47.635–656.(1986) Old Chinese *-u and *-iw in the Shi-jing. In Contributions to Sino-Tibetan studies (Cornell linguistic contributions, 5), ed. by John McCoy and Timothy Light, 258–282. Leiden: E. J. Brill. (1986) Chinese and Japanese CAI at the University of Michigan. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 21: 19–26. (1985) Tibeto-Burman cognates of Old Chinese *-ij and *-ɨj.In Linguistics of the Sino-Tibetan area: the state of the art—papers presented to Paul K. Benedict for his 71st birthday (Pacific linguistics, series C, no. 87), ed. by Graham Thurgood, James A. Matisoff, and David Bradley, 242–263. Canberra: The Australian National University. (1985) Language and language policy in Singapore. Social Education 49: 116–117 (1985). (1985) Review of W. South Coblin, A handbook of Eastern Han sound glosses (Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1983).Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 48.170–171. (1984) Formal semantics of a fragment of Chinese. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 19: 37–52. (1983) A look at the history of Chinese color terminology. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 18(2): 1–25. (1983) Shànggǔ Hànyǔ *sr- de fāzhǎn 上古汉语 *sr- 的发展’ (The development of Old Chinese *sr–). Yǔyán Yánjiū 语言研究 (Wǔhàn) 4: 22–26.(1982) Review of Paul Fu-Mien Yang, Chinese dialectology: a selected and classified bibliography (Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1981). Journal of Asian Studies 41: 158–159. (1982) Some proposals on Old Chinese phonology. In Contributions in historical linguistics: issues and materials (Cornell linguistic contributions, 3), ed. by Frans van Coetsem and Linda R. Waugh, 1–33. Leiden: E. J. Brill. See also Baxter's transcription for Middle Chinese References External links Home page American sinologists Living people University of Michigan faculty Cornell University alumni Linguists from the United States 1949 births Linguists of Chinese

<mask> III is an American linguist who specializes in the history of the Chinese language and is best known for his work on the reconstruction on Old Chinese. In 1977 he received his PhD from Cornell University. He joined the University of Michigan in 1983 as Professor of Linguistics and Asian Languages and Cultures. There is a standard reference for the reconstruction of Old Chinese phonology. The Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris has collaborated with him to improve the pronunciation and vocabulary of Old Chinese. A reconstruction of 5000 words has been published. Old Chinese: A New Reconstruction was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780There are two people in this picture: <mask><mask> and Laurent Publicationst. Old Chinese has a *s- prefix. The 13th edition of Language and Linguistics was published. Sh Ji'r and Bi Ypng were written by <mask><mask>. Shngg Hny de N- hé m- qinzhu N- m-. Hn-Zng y xuébo was published in the Journal of Sino-Tibetan Linguistics. Bi Ypng is written by <mask><mask>."'Y','sh','sh' dng z de gun hé zhngg sy- (shm = shnsn) de liyun" Jinb 5: 161–178. They were joined by <mask><mask>. There is a new version of the Baxter–Sagart system. Cahiers de linguistique Asie orientale 38. Probable issues in historical linguistics are beyond lumping and splitting. In Time depth in linguistics.Colin Renfrew, April McMahon, and Larry Trask. The McDonald Institute is in Cambridge. "Reconstructing Proto-'Mandarin' retroflex initials". In Issues in Chinese dialect description and classification is a Journal of Chinese Linguistics Monographs. Richard Van Ness Simmons was the author. Berkeley has a project on linguistics. Eulogy: Nicholas C. Bodman.There is a Journal of Chinese Linguistics. There was a response to Oswalt and Ringe. In Nostratic: Sifting the Evidence. Joseph C. Salmons and Brian D. Joseph. Benjamins is in Amsterdam. The probable date of the Tao-te-ching is the Lao-tzu's language. In Lao-tzu and the Tao-te-ching.Livia Kohn and Michael LaFargue wrote about it. The State University Press of New York was published in 1998. Word formation in Old Chinese. There are new approaches to Chinese word formation. The work was done by Jerome Packard. There is a person named Mouton de Gruyter in Berlin. The Review of Donald A. Ringe, Jr., On calculating the factor of chance in language comparison was published in 1992.The comparison of Old Chinese and Tibeto-Burman was stronger than could have been. The Journal of Chinese Linguistics Monographs, 8 is about the genealogy of the Chinese Language. <mask>-Y. Wang, 1–39. Berkeley has a project on linguistics. There are pre-Qiyn distinctions in the Mn dialects. In Papers from the First International Symposium on Languages in Taiwan.Ts'ai Mei-hui and Ts'ao Feng-fu. Crane Publishing is in Taiwan. Guny Shnggyn de sge Jish was written in 1994. In Zhnggu jngni yyn j yynxué is a compendium of Chinese languages and linguistics. Lsh yynxué (Historical linguistics), ed. by Li Jen-kuei, <mask>-ren, and T'ang Chih-chen. The Institute of History and Philology is in Sinica.There was a reply to Pulleyblank in 1994. The Journal of Chinese Linguistics published some correspondences between Chinese and Tibeto-Burman. In Current issues in Sino-Tibetan Linguistics. They were <mask> Kitamura, Tatsuo Nishida, and Yasuhiko Nagano. The 26th International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics is being held in Osaka. The Review of Johanna Nichols, Linguistic diversity in space and time was published in 1992. There were distinctions in the Min dialects.There is a Symposium on Languages in Taiwan. The handbook of Old Chinese phonology was published in 1992. The book was written by Mouton de Gruyter. The Shjng has Zhu and Hn phonology. The current issues in linguistic theory are in Studies in the historical phonology of Asian languages. <mask>. Boltz and Michael C. John Benjamins is in Amsterdam.There is a hypothesis of a genetic connection between the Sino-Tibetan languages and the Yeniseian and North-Caucasian languages. The materials from the First International Symposium on Language and Prehistory were edited by Vitaly Shevoroshkin. Brockmeyer: Bochum. The Review of Marie-Claude Paris was published in 1989. The Institute des Hautes tudes Chinoises is located in Paris. The Review of E. G. Pulleyblank, Middle Chinese was published in the Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association. The Journal of Asiatic Studies is published by Harvard.There are old Chinese in the Shi-jing. Contributions to Sino-Tibetan studies is a ed. John and Timothy Light wrote about it. E. J. Brill. The University of Michigan had a Chinese and Japanese CAI. The Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association was published in 2011. Old Chinese *-ij and *-j are related to Tibeto-Burman.Papers were presented to Paul K. Benedict for his 71st birthday in linguistics of the Sino-Tibetan area. 87), ed. Graham Thurgood, James A. Matisoff, and David Bradley are authors. The Australian National University is in the capital. There was a language policy in Singapore. Social Education was published in 1985. The Chinese University Press published a review of W. South Coblin.The Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. There is a fragment of Chinese. The Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association was published in 1989. There is a look at the history of Chinese color terminology. The Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association is a journal. Shngg Hny *sr- de fzhn *sr-'was published in 1983. Ynji (Whn) 4: 22–26The Chinese University Press published a review of Paul Fu-Mien Yang. The Journal of Asian Studies covers Asian studies. There are some proposals on Old Chinese phonology. Contributions in historical linguistics: issues and materials is a ed. Frans van Coetsem and Linda R. Waugh wrote about it. E. J. Brill. Home page American sinologists Living people University of Michigan faculty Cornell University alumni Linguists from the United States 1949 births Linguists of Chinese

2090929

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younes%20El%20Aynaoui

Younes El Aynaoui

Younes El Aynaoui () (born 12 September 1971) is a former professional tennis player from Morocco. He is a five-time singles winner on the ATP Tour and reached his career-high singles ranking of world No. 14 in March 2003, at the age of 31. His long career has been plagued by injuries and he did not play competitive tennis between September 2008 and January 2010. However, in December 2009 he scheduled to play at the ATP Champions Tour tournament in London, where he made his debut at the senior tour. He received a gold medal – the nation's highest sporting honor – from King Mohammed VI. In a 2003 poll by leading Moroccan newspaper L'Economiste, readers named El Aynaoui their favorite role model for society, ahead of the prime minister and athletics star Hicham El Guerrouj. Tennis career At the Bollettieri Academy In 1990, at the age of 18, El Aynaoui traveled to Bradenton, Florida, to spend a week at the Nick Bollettieri Tennis Academy, after which he decided to turn professional. He continued to hone his skills at the academy for the next two years where, in order to afford the fees, he drove the academy bus, cleaned the gym, strung rackets, tossed practice balls to campers, and helped to babysit younger players. He also saved money in a high interest account. First ATP singles final In 1993, he reached his first top-level Grand Prix singles final in Casablanca, where he lost to the Argentinian player Guillermo Pérez Roldán. 1996 to 1998 After finishing runner-up in three tour events in 1996, El Aynaoui suffered a broken right ankle. He had surgery on his ankle in November that year, but the injury continued to cause him problems. He missed seven months of the season in 1997 and had a second surgery in February 1998. He returned to the tour that summer ranked World Number 444, and enjoyed a run of strong results. He won five Challenger series tournaments and finished runner-up at one top-level event in Santiago. By the end of the year he had improved his ranking to World Number 49, and was named the ATP Comeback Player of the Year for 1998. 1999 to 2003 In 1999, El Aynaoui won his first top-level singles title in Amsterdam and the following year he reached the quarter-finals of the Australian Open where he lost to Yevgeny Kafelnikov. El Aynaoui won his second top-level title in 2001 at Bucharest. He was runner-up in Amsterdam that year, losing in the final to Àlex Corretja in a five-set, 53-game match (6–3, 5–7, 7–6, 3–6, 6–4) which was the year's longest tour final. He was also runner-up in Lyon, defeated by Ivan Ljubičić in final. El Aynaoui captured two tour titles in 2002 (Doha and Munich), and reached the quarter-finals of the US Open. The following year, he reached the quarter-finals of the Australian and US Opens and finished the season ranked a career-high World Number 14. Longest Grand Slam fifth set In the Round of 16 of the 2003 Australian Open, El Aynaoui defeated the World No. 1, Lleyton Hewitt, 6–7, 7–6, 7–6, 6–4, thus setting up a quarter-final showdown with the up-and-coming American Andy Roddick (who would reach the World No. 1 ranking later that year). The five-set, five-hour match included the then longest fifth set in Grand Slam tennis history (since surpassed by the marathon Wimbledon 2010 match between John Isner and Nicolas Mahut). Roddick won the battle 4–6, 7–6, 4–6, 6–4, 21–19. Both players saved match points before the fifth set ended. El Aynaoui's one match point came in the tenth game of the fifth set, with Roddick serving at 4–5. Roddick saved the match point with a cross-court forehand winner after a short rally. Roddick broke El Aynaoui's serve at 10–10 to go up 11–10 and serve for the match, but El Aynaoui broke straight back for 11–11. Roddick broke El Aynaoui's serve again at 19–19 to serve for the match for the second time at 20–19, with Roddick clinching the match on his second match point. Return to ATP Tour in 2007 After a three-year hiatus due to injury, El Aynaoui made a comeback to the ATP tour in January 2007, and was awarded a wildcard at the Qatar Open, Doha. He beat former Australian Open winner Thomas Johansson with two tie-breaks in the first round, but was defeated 6–3, 6–4 in the second round by the then World Number 5 and eventual winner Ivan Ljubičić. Another comeback attempt in 2008 In March 2008, after a seven-month lay-off due to injuries, he won a Futures event in Castelldefels, Spain on clay, and in April he won a challenger event in Chiasso, Switzerland. In May, he reached the semi-finals of the BMW Open in Munich. He was oldest player to reach the semi-finals of an ATP Tour level event since Jimmy Connors in 1993. He also reached the quarter-finals of the Casablanca Open in Morocco, retiring to Juan Mónaco due to an injury in his left calf. ATP Champions Tour (2009) El Aynaoui made his debut as a wild card at the senior tour in London, the last stop on the tour, joining Stefan Edberg, Patrick Rafter, Cédric Pioline, Pat Cash, Goran Ivanišević, Mark Philippoussis and Greg Rusedski. He won two matches, against Rusedski and Philippoussis. 2010 comeback In the 2010 Qatar ExxonMobil Open in Doha, Qatar, El Aynaoui received a wildcard to participate in the tournament. He played American Ryler DeHeart in the first round of this tournament and won 7–6, 7–6, thus becoming at age 38 the oldest player to win a main tour ATP match since Jimmy Connors in 1995. However, El Aynaoui's run came to an end when he was defeated 6–3, 6–1 by Belgian Steve Darcis. 2017 In March 2017, at the age of 45, El Aynaoui participated in a $15,000 USD tournament in Manama, Bahrain on the ITF Men's Circuit. El Aynaoui won two qualifying matches, as well as his first-round match in the main draw. By doing so, he became the oldest player to have an ATP ranking. El Aynaoui also contested the doubles draw in Manama, and Koksijde, Belgium. Personal life El Aynaoui's son, Neil El Aynaoui, is a professional footballer in France. Career finals Singles (5 wins, 11 losses) Singles performance timeline Top 10 wins References External links 1971 births Living people Moroccan male tennis players Olympic tennis players of Morocco Tennis players at the 1992 Summer Olympics Tennis players at the 2004 Summer Olympics Sportspeople from Rabat Alumni of Lycée Descartes (Rabat) Moroccan people of French descent Mediterranean Games gold medalists for Morocco Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for Morocco Mediterranean Games medalists in tennis Competitors at the 1991 Mediterranean Games Competitors at the 1993 Mediterranean Games

<mask> () (born 12 September 1971) is a former professional tennis player from Morocco. He is a five-time singles winner on the ATP Tour and reached his career-high singles ranking of world No. 14 in March 2003, at the age of 31. His long career has been plagued by injuries and he did not play competitive tennis between September 2008 and January 2010. However, in December 2009 he scheduled to play at the ATP Champions Tour tournament in London, where he made his debut at the senior tour. He received a gold medal – the nation's highest sporting honor – from King Mohammed VI. In a 2003 poll by leading Moroccan newspaper L'Economiste, readers named <mask> their favorite role model for society, ahead of the prime minister and athletics star <mask>j.Tennis career At the Bollettieri Academy In 1990, at the age of 18, <mask>i traveled to Bradenton, Florida, to spend a week at the Nick Bollettieri Tennis Academy, after which he decided to turn professional. He continued to hone his skills at the academy for the next two years where, in order to afford the fees, he drove the academy bus, cleaned the gym, strung rackets, tossed practice balls to campers, and helped to babysit younger players. He also saved money in a high interest account. First ATP singles final In 1993, he reached his first top-level Grand Prix singles final in Casablanca, where he lost to the Argentinian player Guillermo Pérez Roldán. 1996 to 1998 After finishing runner-up in three tour events in 1996, <mask>i suffered a broken right ankle. He had surgery on his ankle in November that year, but the injury continued to cause him problems. He missed seven months of the season in 1997 and had a second surgery in February 1998.He returned to the tour that summer ranked World Number 444, and enjoyed a run of strong results. He won five Challenger series tournaments and finished runner-up at one top-level event in Santiago. By the end of the year he had improved his ranking to World Number 49, and was named the ATP Comeback Player of the Year for 1998. 1999 to 2003 In 1999, <mask>i won his first top-level singles title in Amsterdam and the following year he reached the quarter-finals of the Australian Open where he lost to Yevgeny Kafelnikov. <mask> won his second top-level title in 2001 at Bucharest. He was runner-up in Amsterdam that year, losing in the final to Àlex Corretja in a five-set, 53-game match (6–3, 5–7, 7–6, 3–6, 6–4) which was the year's longest tour final. He was also runner-up in Lyon, defeated by Ivan Ljubičić in final.<mask>i captured two tour titles in 2002 (Doha and Munich), and reached the quarter-finals of the US Open. The following year, he reached the quarter-finals of the Australian and US Opens and finished the season ranked a career-high World Number 14. Longest Grand Slam fifth set In the Round of 16 of the 2003 Australian Open, <mask>i defeated the World No. 1, Lleyton Hewitt, 6–7, 7–6, 7–6, 6–4, thus setting up a quarter-final showdown with the up-and-coming American Andy Roddick (who would reach the World No. 1 ranking later that year). The five-set, five-hour match included the then longest fifth set in Grand Slam tennis history (since surpassed by the marathon Wimbledon 2010 match between John Isner and Nicolas Mahut). Roddick won the battle 4–6, 7–6, 4–6, 6–4, 21–19.Both players saved match points before the fifth set ended. <mask>'s one match point came in the tenth game of the fifth set, with Roddick serving at 4–5. Roddick saved the match point with a cross-court forehand winner after a short rally. Roddick broke <mask>i's serve at 10–10 to go up 11–10 and serve for the match, but <mask>i broke straight back for 11–11. Roddick broke <mask>'s serve again at 19–19 to serve for the match for the second time at 20–19, with Roddick clinching the match on his second match point. Return to ATP Tour in 2007 After a three-year hiatus due to injury, <mask> made a comeback to the ATP tour in January 2007, and was awarded a wildcard at the Qatar Open, Doha. He beat former Australian Open winner Thomas Johansson with two tie-breaks in the first round, but was defeated 6–3, 6–4 in the second round by the then World Number 5 and eventual winner Ivan Ljubičić.Another comeback attempt in 2008 In March 2008, after a seven-month lay-off due to injuries, he won a Futures event in Castelldefels, Spain on clay, and in April he won a challenger event in Chiasso, Switzerland. In May, he reached the semi-finals of the BMW Open in Munich. He was oldest player to reach the semi-finals of an ATP Tour level event since Jimmy Connors in 1993. He also reached the quarter-finals of the Casablanca Open in Morocco, retiring to Juan Mónaco due to an injury in his left calf. ATP Champions Tour (2009) <mask> made his debut as a wild card at the senior tour in London, the last stop on the tour, joining Stefan Edberg, Patrick Rafter, Cédric Pioline, Pat Cash, Goran Ivanišević, Mark Philippoussis and Greg Rusedski. He won two matches, against Rusedski and Philippoussis. 2010 comeback In the 2010 Qatar ExxonMobil Open in Doha, Qatar, <mask>i received a wildcard to participate in the tournament.He played American Ryler DeHeart in the first round of this tournament and won 7–6, 7–6, thus becoming at age 38 the oldest player to win a main tour ATP match since Jimmy Connors in 1995. However, <mask>'s run came to an end when he was defeated 6–3, 6–1 by Belgian Steve Darcis. 2017 In March 2017, at the age of 45, <mask>i participated in a $15,000 USD tournament in Manama, Bahrain on the ITF Men's Circuit. <mask>i won two qualifying matches, as well as his first-round match in the main draw. By doing so, he became the oldest player to have an ATP ranking. <mask>i also contested the doubles draw in Manama, and Koksijde, Belgium. Personal life <mask>'s son, <mask> <mask>, is a professional footballer in France.Career finals Singles (5 wins, 11 losses) Singles performance timeline Top 10 wins References External links 1971 births Living people Moroccan male tennis players Olympic tennis players of Morocco Tennis players at the 1992 Summer Olympics Tennis players at the 2004 Summer Olympics Sportspeople from Rabat Alumni of Lycée Descartes (Rabat) Moroccan people of French descent Mediterranean Games gold medalists for Morocco Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for Morocco Mediterranean Games medalists in tennis Competitors at the 1991 Mediterranean Games Competitors at the 1993 Mediterranean Games

<mask> was born in 1971 and is a former professional tennis player. He is a five-time singles winner and reached his career-high singles ranking. At the age of 31 on March 14, 2003 Between September 2008 and January 2010 he did not play tennis because of injuries. In December of 2009, he was going to play at the senior tour tournament in London. He received a gold medal from King Mohammed VI. Readers of the L'Economiste named <mask>i their favorite role model for society, ahead of the prime minister and athletics star.After spending a week at the Nick Bollettieri Tennis Academy, <mask>i decided to become a professional tennis player. He continued to hone his skills at the academy for the next two years where, in order to afford the fees, he drove the academy bus, cleaned the gym, strung rackets, and helped to babysit younger players. He had a high interest account. He lost to the Argentinian player in the 1993 Grand Prix singles final in Casablanca. <mask>i broke his ankle after finishing runner-up in three tour events. He had surgery on his ankle in November of that year. He missed seven months of the season in 1997 and had a second surgery in 1998.He enjoyed a run of strong results after returning to the tour that summer. He was runner-up at one top-level event and won five Challenger series tournaments. He was named the Comeback Player of the Year for 1998 after he improved his ranking to World Number 49 by the end of the year. In 1999, <mask>i won his first top-level singles title in Amsterdam and the following year he reached the quarter-finals of the Australian Open where he lost to Yevgeny Kafelnikov. The second top-level title was won by <mask>i. He was runner-up in Amsterdam, losing in the final to lex Corretja in a five-set, 53-game match. He was beaten in the Lyon final by Ivan Ljubii.In 2002, <mask>i won two tour titles and reached the quarter-finals of the US Open. He reached the quarter-finals of the Australian and US Opens the following year and finished the season ranked a career-high World Number 14. In the Round of 16 of the 2003 Australian Open, <mask>i defeated the World No. The up-and-coming American Andy Roddick would face Lleyton Hewitt in the quarter-finals. 1 ranking later that year. The five-set, five-hour match was the longest in Grand Slam tennis history and 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 The battle was won by Roddick 4–6, 7–6, 4–6, 6–4.The fifth set ended with both players saving match points. Roddick served 4–5 in the tenth game of the fifth set and <mask>i had a match point. After a short rally, Roddick saved the match point with a cross-court forehand winner. Roddick broke <mask>'s serve at 10–10 to go up 11–10 and serve for the match, but <mask> broke straight back for 11–11. Roddick broke <mask>'s serve again at 19–19 to serve for the match for the second time at 20–19, with Roddick securing the match on his second match point. <mask> returned to the tour in January 2007, after a three-year hiatus due to injury. He beat former Australian Open winner Thomas Johansson with two tie-breaks in the first round, but was defeated by Ivan Ljubii in the second round.In March 2008, after a seven-month lay-off due to injuries, he won a Futures event in Spain on clay, and in April he won a challenger event in Chiasso, Switzerland. He reached the semi-finals of the BMW Open. He was the oldest player to reach the semi-finals of an event on the tour. He was forced to retire from the Casablanca Open due to an injury to his left calf. The last stop on the tour was in London, where <mask> made his debut as a wild card. He defeated Rusedski and Philippoussis. <mask> received a wild card to play in the 2010 Qatar ExxonMobil Open.He became the oldest player to win a main tour match since 1995 when he defeated American Ryler DeHeart in the first round of this tournament. <mask>'s run came to an end when he was defeated by Belgian Steve Darcis. In March of last year, at the age of 45, <mask>i participated in a $15,000USD tournament on the ITF Men's Circuit. <mask> won his first-round match in the main draw. He became the oldest player to have an ranking. The doubles draw was held in Manama and Koksijde, Belgium. <mask> <mask> is a professional footballer.Tennis players at the 1992 Summer Olympics, living people, and alumni of Lycée Descartes are some of the people who have careers in tennis.

36464787

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20Murphy%20%28Florida%20politician%29

Patrick Murphy (Florida politician)

Patrick Erin Murphy (born March 30, 1983) is an American businessman, accountant, and politician. A Democrat, he served as the U.S. representative from Florida's 18th congressional district from 2013 to 2017. He is a former Republican, having switched parties in 2011. Murphy was elected to the House of Representatives in 2012, defeating Republican incumbent Allen West by 0.8% in the second-most expensive U.S. House race in history. Despite the narrow Republican lean of Murphy's district, he was re-elected with 59.8% of the vote in 2014. In March 2015, he announced his intentions to run in the 2016 United States Senate election in Florida; in August 2016 he won the Democratic primary. He faced Republican incumbent Marco Rubio in the November general election, losing 52% to 44%. Early life and education Murphy was born in Miami and raised in Key Largo, the son of Tom Murphy Jr., a construction company CEO, and his second wife, Kathleen. Murphy's parents divorced when he was a child, and Murphy was later adopted by his father's third wife, Leslie. Murphy graduated from Palmer Trinity School in Miami and then went on to take a post-graduate year at the Lawrenceville School, a private prep school in Lawrenceville, New Jersey, in 2001-2002. As a 19-year-old freshman college student in 2003, Murphy was arrested outside a Miami Beach nightclub on charges of disorderly intoxication and possessing a fake driver's license. The charges were ultimately dropped. Murphy called the incident "the biggest mistake of my life" and the "biggest learning experience of my life." Murphy studied business administration at the University of Miami, earning a bachelor's degree with dual majors in finance and accounting in 2006. (In the past, Murphy's official biographies said that he had dual degrees, but in fact he earned a single degree with dual majors; Murphy's campaign said that the error was "inadvertent" and corrected the biographies.) Murphy worked for his family's construction business as a construction laborer beginning at age 19, and then in the company's estimating and purchasing departments and as an assistant project engineer. Business career After college, Murphy worked for his father's business, Coastal Construction, for about a year before spending two and a half years (from September 2007 to May 2010) working as an auditor for Deloitte and Touche in Miami. After passing the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) examination, he chose to become certified in Colorado, because his degree had insufficient credits to meet Florida's higher education requirement. After obtaining certification in September 2009, he was promoted from "audit assistant" to "audit senior" at Deloitte. Politico reported that Murphy had overstated his experience as an accountant, saying he had worked for "several years" as an accountant when in fact he worked as a practicing CPA for less than a year, although he did much of the same accounting work as others at the firm. He was hired, in May 2010, as vice president of his family's construction business. After the 2010 BP oil spill, he was tasked with creating a subsidiary of his father's company, called Coastal Environmental, that secured contracts to remove oil in the Gulf of Mexico. Murphy served as vice president of Coastal Environmental, and was one of its three directors from 2010 to 2012 (after being elected to Congress, Murphy stepped down as a director but remained an owner). As vice president, he ran the company's day-to-day operations for six months, until October 2010, when the Coast Guard called off oil skimming operations in the Gulf. PolitiFact.com found that "Murphy's description of his past employment is based on actual circumstances, but at times he omits a full explanation." A 2011 gift of stock from his father boosted his personal net worth by $1–5 million. His father also gave $100,000 to key Democrats the same year he started to consider running for Congress. U.S. House of Representatives 2012 election In 2012, Murphy moved from Fort Lauderdale to Jupiter and ran for the 18th congressional district. The district had previously been the 16th District, represented by Republican Tom Rooney. It had historically been one of the more Republican districts in South Florida, having been in Republican hands for all but one term since its creation in 1973 (it had been the 10th from 1973 to 1983, the 12th from 1983 to 1993, and the 16th from 1993 to 2013). However, it had been made significantly more compact in the 2010 round of redistricting, losing most of its heavily Republican western portion to the new 17th district. Rooney opted to run in the 17th, leaving the 18th as an open seat. In the general election, Murphy faced Republican incumbent Allen West, a freshman congressman who ran for reelection in the 18th after his former district, the 22nd, had been made significantly more Democratic in redistricting. In the general election, Murphy said that he was so taken aback by some of the things West was saying in Congress and on television that he felt compelled to run against him. Allen had called Democrats "Communists", said that Social Security was "akin to slavery", and had fired a pistol near a prisoner's head when serving in the Iraq War. Murphy was supported by Florida's former Republican Governor Charlie Crist and former Democratic President Bill Clinton, along with Republican Sheriff of Martin County Bob Crowder, who ran against West in the primaries. The race was among the most expensive congressional races in 2012, and called one of the ugliest in the 2012 campaign, as well as one of the closest. Murphy was officially certified as the victor over West several days after the election, with a margin of 2,429 votes. West initially indicated that his campaign would seek to challenge the results, but he conceded defeat after Murphy's victory became apparent. 2014 election Murphy ran for re-election in 2014, and was a member of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee's Frontline program, designed to protect their most vulnerable incumbents. Despite this, he won his bid for a second term by defeating Republican candidate Carl Domino, a former State Representative, with almost 60% of the vote, even out-polling Republican Governor Rick Scott in the heavily Republican Martin County, which he carried with 55.4% of the vote. He raised and spent over $5.3 million, more than any other House Democrat who ran for re-election. Of his 13 television advertisements, none of them attacked his Republican opponent. Committee assignments Committee on Financial Services Subcommittee on Capital Markets and Government-Sponsored Enterprises Subcommittee on Monetary Policy and Trade Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence Subcommittee on Department of Defense, Intelligence and Overhead Architecture Subcommittee on the NSA and Cybersecurity Political positions Murphy was formerly a member of the Republican Party, donating the maximum individual contribution of $2,300 to Mitt Romney's 2008 presidential campaign and $4,800 to other Republican candidates. Four months prior to announcing his candidacy for Congress, Murphy switched his registration to the Democratic Party and donated $4,000 to a variety of Democratic candidates. He says he switched from being a Republican and a Romney supporter because of his disgust with the Tea Party movement, also citing his opponent Allen West's fiery rhetoric. Murphy is regarded as one of the more moderate Democrats in Florida's congressional delegation; he describes himself as "fiscally responsible, socially progressive." He was described in The Huffington Post as a "pro-choice, pro-LGBT rights but 'not ultra-liberal' Democrat who values fiscal responsibility." The top five contributors to his campaign committee for the 2013-2014 time period were his family's construction company, professional services firm Deloitte, plumbing company Suntech Plumbing, multinational investment banking firm Goldman Sachs, and the PAC of the liberal foreign policy organization J Street. At the time he first took office in 2013, Murphy was the youngest member of the House of Representatives, at age 29. Murphy has served as chair of two bipartisan organizations, the United Solutions Caucus and No Labels. Economic policy Murphy condemned the congressional Republicans who forced a government shutdown in 2013 and criticized the Tea Party Republicans who orchestrated the shutdown, writing their threat to force the U.S. into default was irresponsible. He cited the economic damage caused by the shutdown and the interruption to government operations. He did not take his pay during the shutdown, donating it instead to a wounded veterans' organization in his home district. Education In 2014 Murphy was one of 36 members of Congress to sign a letter urging the U.S. House Appropriations Committee to block a U.S. Department of Education proposal to tighten regulation of for-profit universities. Energy and environment In 2013 Murphy voted in support of the Northern Route Approval Act, which would have allowed Congress to unilaterally approve construction of the Keystone Pipeline without the approval of the Obama administration. Murphy accepts the scientific consensus on climate change and has consistently supported action to combat climate change. He has called for action against toxic algal blooms in south Florida waters. He opposes hydraulic fracturing (fracking) and has voted against a proposal to block federal regulations on fracking. However, he believes that natural gas is a bridge fuel from fossil fuels to renewable energy, and has voted to expedite export approval for liquified natural gas, prompting criticism from some environmentalists. As of August 2016, Murphy received an 80% lifetime voting rating from the League of Conservation Voters (LCV), an environmental group; this score was "lower than all but one Florida Democrat in the House but higher than all Florida Republicans." The LCV endorsed Murphy in the 2016 Democratic primary for U.S. Senate. Foreign policy Murphy supports the gradual normalization of relations between Cuba and the United States. In 2014, Murphy broke with most of his party when he became one of seven House Democrats to vote in favor of establishing the United States House Select Committee on Events Surrounding the 2012 Terrorist Attack in Benghazi. Healthcare Murphy supports the Affordable Care Act and voted against its repeal in May 2013. However, in November 2013, he signed on to a Republican-sponsored bill to waive the minimum coverage requirements of the act. 2016 U.S. Senate election Murphy ran for the U.S. Senate in 2016. Incumbent Republican Senator Marco Rubio unsuccessfully sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2016, and had initially said he would vacate the seat. However, after dropping out of the presidential race, Rubio reversed himself and decided to run for re-election. The Democratic primary race was contentious and occasionally negative, with Murphy and fellow Democratic Congressman Alan Grayson diverging "occasionally in policy, but drastically in personality." Murphy defeated Grayson in the August 30 primary. Murphy's father, Thomas Murphy Jr., and the family's construction company contributed $500,000 in early 2016 to a pro-Murphy super PAC, Floridians for a Strong Middle Class. The elder Murphy subsequently gave an additional $1 million to Senate Majority PAC, a Democratic super PAC supporting a number of Democratic Senate candidates, including Murphy. Murphy and Rubio participated in two debates in October 2016. During the debates, Rubio criticized Murphy's background. Murphy responded by saying "You continue to throw out these lies. They have all been debunked by PolitiFact." PolitiFact responded that "Murphy has exaggerated his credentials, and his opponents have also exaggerated their attacks on Murphy." Murphy was defeated by Rubio in the general election, with Murphy receiving 44% of the vote. Personal life Murphy is a Roman Catholic and is of Irish Catholic heritage. Electoral history References External links House website (Archived) Appearances on C-SPAN |- |- 1983 births 21st-century American politicians Businesspeople from Florida Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives Florida Democrats Florida Republicans Lawrenceville School alumni Living people Members of the United States House of Representatives from Florida People from Key Largo, Florida Politicians from Miami University of Miami Business School alumni Catholics from Florida Candidates in the 2016 United States elections

<mask> (born March 30, 1983) is an American businessman, accountant, and politician. A Democrat, he served as the U.S. representative from Florida's 18th congressional district from 2013 to 2017. He is a former Republican, having switched parties in 2011. <mask> was elected to the House of Representatives in 2012, defeating Republican incumbent Allen West by 0.8% in the second-most expensive U.S. House race in history. Despite the narrow Republican lean of <mask>'s district, he was re-elected with 59.8% of the vote in 2014. In March 2015, he announced his intentions to run in the 2016 United States Senate election in Florida; in August 2016 he won the Democratic primary. He faced Republican incumbent Marco Rubio in the November general election, losing 52% to 44%.Early life and education <mask> was born in Miami and raised in Key Largo, the son of <mask> Jr., a construction company CEO, and his second wife, Kathleen. <mask>'s parents divorced when he was a child, and <mask> was later adopted by his father's third wife, Leslie. <mask> graduated from Palmer Trinity School in Miami and then went on to take a post-graduate year at the Lawrenceville School, a private prep school in Lawrenceville, New Jersey, in 2001-2002. As a 19-year-old freshman college student in 2003, <mask> was arrested outside a Miami Beach nightclub on charges of disorderly intoxication and possessing a fake driver's license. The charges were ultimately dropped. <mask> called the incident "the biggest mistake of my life" and the "biggest learning experience of my life." <mask> studied business administration at the University of Miami, earning a bachelor's degree with dual majors in finance and accounting in 2006.(In the past, <mask>'s official biographies said that he had dual degrees, but in fact he earned a single degree with dual majors; <mask>'s campaign said that the error was "inadvertent" and corrected the biographies.) <mask> worked for his family's construction business as a construction laborer beginning at age 19, and then in the company's estimating and purchasing departments and as an assistant project engineer. Business career After college, <mask> worked for his father's business, Coastal Construction, for about a year before spending two and a half years (from September 2007 to May 2010) working as an auditor for Deloitte and Touche in Miami. After passing the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) examination, he chose to become certified in Colorado, because his degree had insufficient credits to meet Florida's higher education requirement. After obtaining certification in September 2009, he was promoted from "audit assistant" to "audit senior" at Deloitte. Politico reported that <mask> had overstated his experience as an accountant, saying he had worked for "several years" as an accountant when in fact he worked as a practicing CPA for less than a year, although he did much of the same accounting work as others at the firm. He was hired, in May 2010, as vice president of his family's construction business.After the 2010 BP oil spill, he was tasked with creating a subsidiary of his father's company, called Coastal Environmental, that secured contracts to remove oil in the Gulf of Mexico. <mask> served as vice president of Coastal Environmental, and was one of its three directors from 2010 to 2012 (after being elected to Congress, <mask> stepped down as a director but remained an owner). As vice president, he ran the company's day-to-day operations for six months, until October 2010, when the Coast Guard called off oil skimming operations in the Gulf. PolitiFact.com found that "<mask>'s description of his past employment is based on actual circumstances, but at times he omits a full explanation." A 2011 gift of stock from his father boosted his personal net worth by $1–5 million. His father also gave $100,000 to key Democrats the same year he started to consider running for Congress. U.S. House of Representatives 2012 election In 2012, <mask> moved from Fort Lauderdale to Jupiter and ran for the 18th congressional district.The district had previously been the 16th District, represented by Republican Tom Rooney. It had historically been one of the more Republican districts in South Florida, having been in Republican hands for all but one term since its creation in 1973 (it had been the 10th from 1973 to 1983, the 12th from 1983 to 1993, and the 16th from 1993 to 2013). However, it had been made significantly more compact in the 2010 round of redistricting, losing most of its heavily Republican western portion to the new 17th district. Rooney opted to run in the 17th, leaving the 18th as an open seat. In the general election, <mask> faced Republican incumbent Allen West, a freshman congressman who ran for reelection in the 18th after his former district, the 22nd, had been made significantly more Democratic in redistricting. In the general election, <mask> said that he was so taken aback by some of the things West was saying in Congress and on television that he felt compelled to run against him. Allen had called Democrats "Communists", said that Social Security was "akin to slavery", and had fired a pistol near a prisoner's head when serving in the Iraq War.<mask> was supported by Florida's former Republican Governor Charlie Crist and former Democratic President Bill Clinton, along with Republican Sheriff of Martin County Bob Crowder, who ran against West in the primaries. The race was among the most expensive congressional races in 2012, and called one of the ugliest in the 2012 campaign, as well as one of the closest. <mask> was officially certified as the victor over West several days after the election, with a margin of 2,429 votes. West initially indicated that his campaign would seek to challenge the results, but he conceded defeat after <mask>'s victory became apparent. 2014 election <mask> ran for re-election in 2014, and was a member of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee's Frontline program, designed to protect their most vulnerable incumbents. Despite this, he won his bid for a second term by defeating Republican candidate Carl Domino, a former State Representative, with almost 60% of the vote, even out-polling Republican Governor Rick Scott in the heavily Republican Martin County, which he carried with 55.4% of the vote. He raised and spent over $5.3 million, more than any other House Democrat who ran for re-election.Of his 13 television advertisements, none of them attacked his Republican opponent. Committee assignments Committee on Financial Services Subcommittee on Capital Markets and Government-Sponsored Enterprises Subcommittee on Monetary Policy and Trade Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence Subcommittee on Department of Defense, Intelligence and Overhead Architecture Subcommittee on the NSA and Cybersecurity Political positions <mask> was formerly a member of the Republican Party, donating the maximum individual contribution of $2,300 to Mitt Romney's 2008 presidential campaign and $4,800 to other Republican candidates. Four months prior to announcing his candidacy for Congress, <mask> switched his registration to the Democratic Party and donated $4,000 to a variety of Democratic candidates. He says he switched from being a Republican and a Romney supporter because of his disgust with the Tea Party movement, also citing his opponent Allen West's fiery rhetoric. <mask> is regarded as one of the more moderate Democrats in Florida's congressional delegation; he describes himself as "fiscally responsible, socially progressive." He was described in The Huffington Post as a "pro-choice, pro-LGBT rights but 'not ultra-liberal' Democrat who values fiscal responsibility." The top five contributors to his campaign committee for the 2013-2014 time period were his family's construction company, professional services firm Deloitte, plumbing company Suntech Plumbing, multinational investment banking firm Goldman Sachs, and the PAC of the liberal foreign policy organization J Street.At the time he first took office in 2013, <mask> was the youngest member of the House of Representatives, at age 29. <mask> has served as chair of two bipartisan organizations, the United Solutions Caucus and No Labels. Economic policy <mask> condemned the congressional Republicans who forced a government shutdown in 2013 and criticized the Tea Party Republicans who orchestrated the shutdown, writing their threat to force the U.S. into default was irresponsible. He cited the economic damage caused by the shutdown and the interruption to government operations. He did not take his pay during the shutdown, donating it instead to a wounded veterans' organization in his home district. Education In 2014 <mask> was one of 36 members of Congress to sign a letter urging the U.S. House Appropriations Committee to block a U.S. Department of Education proposal to tighten regulation of for-profit universities. Energy and environment In 2013 <mask> voted in support of the Northern Route Approval Act, which would have allowed Congress to unilaterally approve construction of the Keystone Pipeline without the approval of the Obama administration.<mask> accepts the scientific consensus on climate change and has consistently supported action to combat climate change. He has called for action against toxic algal blooms in south Florida waters. He opposes hydraulic fracturing (fracking) and has voted against a proposal to block federal regulations on fracking. However, he believes that natural gas is a bridge fuel from fossil fuels to renewable energy, and has voted to expedite export approval for liquified natural gas, prompting criticism from some environmentalists. As of August 2016, <mask> received an 80% lifetime voting rating from the League of Conservation Voters (LCV), an environmental group; this score was "lower than all but one Florida Democrat in the House but higher than all Florida Republicans." The LCV endorsed <mask> in the 2016 Democratic primary for U.S. Senate. Foreign policy <mask> supports the gradual normalization of relations between Cuba and the United States.In 2014, <mask> broke with most of his party when he became one of seven House Democrats to vote in favor of establishing the United States House Select Committee on Events Surrounding the 2012 Terrorist Attack in Benghazi. Healthcare <mask> supports the Affordable Care Act and voted against its repeal in May 2013. However, in November 2013, he signed on to a Republican-sponsored bill to waive the minimum coverage requirements of the act. 2016 U.S. Senate election <mask> ran for the U.S. Senate in 2016. Incumbent Republican Senator Marco Rubio unsuccessfully sought the Republican presidential nomination in 2016, and had initially said he would vacate the seat. However, after dropping out of the presidential race, Rubio reversed himself and decided to run for re-election. The Democratic primary race was contentious and occasionally negative, with <mask> and fellow Democratic Congressman Alan Grayson diverging "occasionally in policy, but drastically in personality."<mask> defeated Grayson in the August 30 primary. <mask>'s father, <mask> Jr., and the family's construction company contributed $500,000 in early 2016 to a pro-<mask> super PAC, Floridians for a Strong Middle Class. The elder <mask> subsequently gave an additional $1 million to Senate Majority PAC, a Democratic super PAC supporting a number of Democratic Senate candidates, including <mask>. <mask> and Rubio participated in two debates in October 2016. During the debates, Rubio criticized <mask>'s background. <mask> responded by saying "You continue to throw out these lies. They have all been debunked by PolitiFact."PolitiFact responded that "<mask> has exaggerated his credentials, and his opponents have also exaggerated their attacks on <mask>." <mask> was defeated by Rubio in the general election, with <mask> receiving 44% of the vote. Personal life <mask> is a Roman Catholic and is of Irish Catholic heritage. Electoral history References External links House website (Archived) Appearances on C-SPAN |- |- 1983 births 21st-century American politicians Businesspeople from Florida Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives Florida Democrats Florida Republicans Lawrenceville School alumni Living people Members of the United States House of Representatives from Florida People from Key Largo, Florida Politicians from Miami University of Miami Business School alumni Catholics from Florida Candidates in the 2016 United States elections

<mask> is an American businessman, accountant, and politician. He served as a congressman from Florida's 18th congressional district. He switched parties in 2011. The second-most expensive U.S. House race in history was won by <mask> in the 2012 election. He was re-elected with 59.8% of the vote, despite the narrow Republican lean of <mask>'s district. In March 2015, he announced his intentions to run in the United States Senate election in Florida, and in August 2016 he won the Democratic primary. He was defeated in the general election by Marco Rubio.<mask> was born in Miami and raised in Key Largo, the son of a construction company CEO and his second wife. <mask> was adopted by his father's third wife after his parents divorced. After graduating from Palmer Trinity School in Miami, <mask> went on to attend the Lawrenceville School, a private prep school in New Jersey. <mask> was arrested outside a Miami Beach nightclub in 2003 for disorderly intoxication and having a fake driver's license. The charges were dropped. <mask> said the incident was the biggest mistake of his life and the biggest learning experience of his life. <mask> earned a bachelor's degree in business administration from the University of Miami in 2006 with dual majors in finance and accounting.In the past, <mask>'s official biographies said that he had dual degrees, but in fact he earned a single degree with dual majors; <mask>'s campaign said that the error was "inadvertent" and corrected the biographies. <mask> began working for his family's construction business at the age of 19 and went on to work in the estimating and purchasing departments and as an assistant project engineer. After graduating from college, <mask> worked for his father's business, Coastal Construction, for a year before working for two and a half years as an auditor for Deloitte and Touche in Miami. After passing the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) examination, he chose to become certified in Colorado because his degree had insufficient credits to meet Florida's higher education requirement. He was promoted from "audit assistant" to "audit senior" after obtaining certification. <mask> had overstated his experience as an accountant, saying he had worked for several years as an accountant, when in fact he worked as a practicing CPA for less than a year, although he did much of the same accounting work as others at the firm. He was hired in May 2010 as vice president of his family's construction business.After the 2010 oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, he was tasked with creating a subsidiary of his father's company, called Coastal Environmental, that secured contracts to remove oil. After being elected to Congress, <mask> stepped down as a director of Coastal Environmental but remained an owner. He ran the company's day-to-day operations until October 2010, when the Coast Guard stopped oil skimming operations in the Gulf. <mask>'s description of his past employment is based on actual circumstances, but at times he excludes a full explanation. A gift of stock from his father boosted his net worth. His father gave $100,000 to Democrats when he was considering running for Congress. <mask> ran for the 18th congressional district in 2012 after moving from Fort Lauderdale to Jupiter.The district used to be represented by Tom Rooney. It had been a Republican district in South Florida for all but one term since it was created in 1973. It lost most of its Republican western portion to the new 17th district in the 2010 round of redistricting. Rooney left the 18th as an open seat because he wanted to run in the 17th. In the general election, <mask> faced Republican incumbent Allen West, a freshman congressman who ran for reelection in the 18th after his former district, the 22nd, had been made significantly more Democratic. <mask> felt compelled to run against West in the general election because he was so taken aback by some of the things West was saying. When he was in the Iraq War, Allen fired a pistol near a prisoner's head and called Democrats "Communists".<mask> was supported by Florida's former Republican Governor Charlie Crist and former Democratic President Bill Clinton. The race was one of the most expensive congressional races in 2012 and one of the ugliest, as well as one of the closest. <mask> was officially certified as the victor over West several days after the election. After <mask>'s victory became apparent, West conceded defeat and indicated that his campaign would seek to challenge the results. <mask> was a member of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee's Frontline program, which was designed to protect their most vulnerable incumbents. Despite this, he won his bid for a second term by defeating Republican candidate Carl Domino, a former State Representative, with almost 60% of the vote, even out-polling Republican Governor Rick Scott in the heavily Republican Martin County, which he carried with 55.4% of the vote. He raised and spent more money than any other House Democrat.None of his advertisements attacked his opponent. <mask> donated the maximum individual contribution when he was a member of the Republican Party. <mask> donated $4,000 to a variety of Democratic candidates four months before he announced his candidacy for Congress. He switched from being a Republican to a Romney supporter because of his disgust with the Tea Party movement and Allen West's fiery rhetoric. One of the more moderate Democrats in Florida's congressional delegation is <mask>. He was described in The Huffington Post as a pro-choice, pro-LGBT rights but not ultra-liberal Democrat who values fiscal responsibility. His family's construction company, professional services firm, plumbing company, multinational investment banking firm, and the political action committee of a liberal foreign policy organization were the top contributors to his campaign committee.<mask> was the youngest member of the House of Representatives when he took office. The United Solutions Caucus and No Labels were chaired by <mask>. <mask> criticized the Tea Party Republicans who orchestrated the government shutdown, writing their threat to force the U.S. into default was irresponsible. The interruption to government operations caused economic damage. He donated his pay during the shutdown to a wounded veterans' organization in his district. <mask> was one of 36 members of Congress to sign a letter urging the U.S. House Appropriations Committee to block a proposal to tighten regulation of for-profit universities. <mask> voted in favor of the Northern Route Approval Act, which would have allowed Congress to approve construction without the approval of the Obama administration.<mask> supports action to combat climate change. There are toxic algal blooms in south Florida waters. He voted against the proposal to block federal regulations. He believes that natural gas is a bridge fuel from fossil fuels to renewable energy and has voted to expedite export approval for liquified natural gas, prompting criticism from some environmentalists. <mask> received an 80% lifetime voting rating from the League of Conservation Voters, which was lower than all but one Florida Democrat in the House, but higher than all Florida Republicans. <mask> was endorsed by the LCV in the Democratic primary. <mask> supports the gradual restoration of relations between Cuba and the United States.<mask> was one of seven House Democrats who voted in favor of establishing the United States House Select Committee on Events Surrounding the 2012 Terrorist Attack in Libya. The repeal of theAffordable Care Act was voted against by healthcare <mask>. He signed on to a Republican-sponsored bill to waive the minimum coverage requirements of the act. <mask> ran for the U.S. Senate. Marco Rubio initially said he would not be vacating his seat after he was unsuccessful in his bid for the Republican presidential nomination. After dropping out of the presidential race, Rubio decided to run for re-election. The Democratic primary race was contentious and occasionally negative, with <mask> and Alan Grayson diverging "occasionally in policy, but drastically in personality."<mask> won the August 30 primary. <mask>'s father, <mask> Jr., and the family's construction company contributed $500,000 to a pro-<mask> super PAC. <mask> gave an additional $1 million to the Senate Majority PAC, which supports a number of Democratic Senate candidates. The two debated in October of 2016 During the debates, he criticized <mask>'s background. <mask> said that he continued to throw out the lies. They have all been discredited by PolitiFact.<mask> has exaggerated his credentials, and his opponents have also exaggerated their attacks on <mask>. <mask> received 44% of the vote in the general election, but was defeated by Rubio. <mask> is a Roman Catholic and has Irish Catholic heritage. There are links to electoral history on the House website.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piers%20Paul%20Read

Piers Paul Read

Piers Paul Read FRSL (born 7 March 1941) is a British novelist, historian and biographer. He was first noted in 1974 for a book of reportage Alive: The Story of the Andes Survivors, later adapted as a feature-film and a documentary. Read was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge where he studied history. Among his most popular works are The Professor's Daughter, A Married Man, and A Season in the West. In addition to his written works, Read is also a dramatist and television scriptwriter. In recent years, he has produced a number of authorized biographies and popular history books which are intended for a general audience. Read has worked and lived in both the United Kingdom and the United States, where he published many of his recent works. Read was awarded the Sir Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize for The Junkers; the Hawthornden Prize and Somerset Maugham Award for Monk Dawson; the Thomas More Medal for Alive; the Enid McLeod Award for The Free Frenchman. Background Piers Paul Read was born in Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire. He is the third son of Sir Herbert Read, a poet, art critic and theorist of anarchism, and Margaret Read (née Ludwig), a professional musician. His mother was a convert to Roman Catholicism and he was raised in that religion. When Read was eight, his family moved to North Yorkshire. He was educated by Benedictine monks at Gilling Castle and Ampleforth College. His years at Ampleforth would later provide much of the material for the first part of his third novel Monk Dawson (1969) and rural Ryedale was the setting of his fifth novel, The Upstart (1973). In 1959 he went to St John's College, Cambridge, where he read history. He received his B.A. in 1961 and M.A. in 1962. In 1963–64, he spent a year in West Berlin on a Ford Foundation Fellowship. There he came into contact with German writers in the Gruppe 47, the French nouveau romancier Michel Butor, and the Polish novelist, diarist and playwright, Witold Gombrowicz, and worked on his first novel Game in Heaven with Tussy Marx (1966). He later enrolled in an academy for writers funded by the Ford Foundation, the Literarisches Colloquium, where he made friends with fellow members Tom Stoppard and Derek Marlowe. His stay in Berlin inspired his second novel The Junkers (1968, which won the Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize) and confirmed the general sympathy towards the Germans that he felt on account of his mother's part-German ancestry. On returning to England, he took a job as sub-editor on The Times Literary Supplement and shared a flat in Pimlico with Stoppard and Marlowe. In 1967–68, he spent a year in New York – an experience he used in his fourth novel The Professor's Daughter (1971). Read is a practising Catholic and has served on the board of Catholic charities such as Aid to the Church in Need (UK) and the National Catholic Library. He was Master and remains Vice-President of the Catholic Writers' Guild of England and Wales. He has served on the governing bodies of the Institute of Contemporary Arts (1971-1975), the Society of Authors (1973-1976) and the Royal Society of Literature (2001-2007). He is married to Emily Boothby (of the Boothby baronets). They have two sons, including Albert Read, and two daughters. Read lives in London. In 2005, he correctly predicted the election of Joseph Ratzinger as Pope Benedict XVI. In Read's 1988 WWII novel The Free Frenchman, the protagonist's Catholic faith plays an important part in political decisions and dilemmas during the German occupation of France, as well as in the protagonist's tangled relations with the women in his life. Work Early in his career, Read wrote a number of scripts for film and television – Verbrechen mit Vorbedacht (1967) for the German director Peter Lilienthal whom he met in Berlin; Coincidence (1968), The House on Highbury Hill (1971) and The Childhood Friend (1974) /as Wednesday Plays for BBC television – the latter starring Anthony Hopkins who would also play the title role in the television adaptation of Read's A Married Man (1984). A short play The Class War was staged by the Questors Theatre Company in 1964, and his Margaret Clitherow was broadcast by Granada Television in 1977. The greater part of Read's work has been in prose form. After his plotless first novel, Game in Heaven with Tussy Marx (1967), Read's fiction adopted a more traditional narrative structure with both contemporary and historical settings. Three of his historical novels – The Junkers (1968), Polonaise (1976), The Free Frenchman (1986), are set in Continental Europe around World War II; and Alice in Exile (2001) in Russia at the time of the Bolshevik Revolution. Read's contemporaneous novels – A Married Man (1979), A Season in the West (1988), and The Misogynist (2010) - are ironic critiques of the manners and morals of the English upper-middle classes. There are elements of the thriller in The Villa Golitsyn (1981), On the Third Day (1990), A Patriot in Berlin (1995), Knights of the Cross (1997) and The Death of a Pope (2009), though these too show Read's historical, political and religious concerns. With Alive: The Story of the Andes Survivors (1974), The Train Robbers (1978), and Ablaze: The Story of Chernobyl (1993) Read extended his range to reportage; to history with The Templars (1999) and The Dreyfus Affair (2012); and to biography with Alec Guinness: The Authorised Biography (2003). He has also contributed to moral and religious controversies with a pamphlet Quo Vadis: The Subversion of the Catholic Church (1991), and essays and articles collected in Hell and Other Destinations (2006). Read was awarded the Sir Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize for The Junkers; the Hawthornden Prize and Somerset Maugham Award for Monk Dawson; the Thomas More Medal for Alive; the Enid McLeod Award for The Free Frenchman; and the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for A Season in the West. Read's novels A Married Man (1984) and The Free Frenchman (1988) were adapted for television; Alive was made into a feature film by the director Frank Marshal in 1993; and Monk Dawson by Tom Waller in 1998. Alive Read is best known for his non-fiction book Alive: The Story of the Andes Survivors which documented the story of the 1972 crash of Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 in the Andes mountains. Alive won the Thomas More Medal for the most distinguished contribution to Catholic literature in 1974 and has sold more than five million copies worldwide. The book was adapted into the 1993 film Alive: The Miracle of the Andes. Other work Read's first notable success was his novel Monk Dawson (1969), which won him a Hawthornden Prize and a Somerset Maugham Award, and was later made into the 1998 film of the same name by Tom Waller. In 1978 he wrote the book The Train Robbers about the Great Train Robbery in England in 1963. In 1988 he was awarded a James Tait Black Memorial Prize for his book A Season in the West. In 2003 his authorised biography of the actor Alec Guinness was published. In 2009 he wrote The Death of a Pope () set with the 2005 Papal conclave as a backdrop. In 2015 he wrote Scarpia (), a fictional retelling of the story in the Puccini opera Tosca. Archive Read's archive of literary papers and correspondence is held by Special Collections in the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds. The collection consists of 139 boxes and contains manuscripts and typescripts of his novels and plays. It also contains articles and short stories; extensive correspondence, interview tapes and research notes; press-cuttings and other papers. Themes Read's novels are strongly influenced by his Catholic faith. His stories focus on the religious themes of sin and redemption. Read writes in a fairly traditional, linear style and he often uses plot elements from popular fiction, especially the thriller, like espionage, murder and conspiracy theories. Most of his main characters are fairly unsympathetic and some of them commit horrific deeds before they finally convert to God. Almost all of Read's novels are set in Europe. Many of his books show a great interest and sympathy especially for Germany – quite unusual in British literature – and for Eastern European countries like Russia and Poland. In The Knights of the Cross, he explicitly satirises the expectations and prejudices of the British readership towards the Germans. List of works Fiction Game in Heaven with Tussy Marx (1966) The Junkers (1968) Monk Dawson (1969) The Professor's Daughter (1971) The Upstart (1973) Polonaise (1976) A Married Man (1979) The Villa Golitsyn (1981) The Free Frenchman (1986) A Season in the West (1988) On the Third Day (1990) A Patriot in Berlin (1995) Knights of the Cross (1997) Alice in Exile (2001) The Death of a Pope (2009) The Misogynist (2010) Scarpia (2015) Non-fiction Alive: The Story of the Andes Survivors (1974) The Train Robbers (1978) Quo Vadis? The Subversion of the Catholic Church (a 45-page pamphlet in the Claridge "Blasts" series) (1991) Ablaze: The Story of Chernobyl (1993) The Templars: The Dramatic History of the Knights Templar, the Most Powerful Military Order of the Crusades (1999) Alec Guinness. The Authorised Biography (2003) Hell and Other Destinations (US title: Hell and Other Essays) (2006) The Dreyfus Affair: The Story of the Most Infamous Miscarriage of Justice in French History (2012) See also Miracle in the Andes: 72 Days on the Mountain and My Long Trek Home Alive: 20 Years Later Nando Parrado Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 References Literature about the author Crowe, Marian E. (2007). Aiming at Heaven, Getting the Earth: The English Catholic Novel Today. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, pp. 285–350. (Chapters on Monk Dawson, Polonaise and On the Third Day) ; . Head, Dominic (2002). The Cambridge Introduction to Modern British Fiction. Cambridge University Press, pp. 28–29. (Discusses A Married Man) ; . Whitehouse, J.C. (2004). "Piers Paul Read, A Season in the West", in Reichardt, Mary R. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Catholic Literature. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, pp. 517–605; ; . Woodman, Thomas (1991). Faithful Fictions: The Catholic Novel in English Literature. Milton Keynes: Open University Press (briefly discusses all Read's novels up to The Free Frenchman); Read, Piers Paul. Contemporary Authors. New Revision Series, Vol. 38, pp. 353–55 External links Author's website Biography from the British Council 1999 interview with the Catholic magazine AD2000 Read's book, The Death of a Pope Interview with Read on being a Catholic author and his new book. Archival material at 1941 births British Roman Catholics British biographers 20th-century British novelists 21st-century British novelists Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature Living people People educated at Ampleforth College Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge People from Beaconsfield Roman Catholic writers James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients British male novelists 20th-century British male writers 21st-century British male writers Male biographers

<mask> FRSL (born 7 March 1941) is a British novelist, historian and biographer. He was first noted in 1974 for a book of reportage Alive: The Story of the Andes Survivors, later adapted as a feature-film and a documentary. <mask> was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge where he studied history. Among his most popular works are The Professor's Daughter, A Married Man, and A Season in the West. In addition to his written works, <mask> is also a dramatist and television scriptwriter. In recent years, he has produced a number of authorized biographies and popular history books which are intended for a general audience. <mask> has worked and lived in both the United Kingdom and the United States, where he published many of his recent works.<mask> was awarded the Sir Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize for The Junkers; the Hawthornden Prize and Somerset Maugham Award for Monk Dawson; the Thomas More Medal for Alive; the Enid McLeod Award for The Free Frenchman. Background Piers <mask> was born in Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire. He is the third son of Sir <mask>, a poet, art critic and theorist of anarchism, and <mask> (née Ludwig), a professional musician. His mother was a convert to Roman Catholicism and he was raised in that religion. When <mask> was eight, his family moved to North Yorkshire. He was educated by Benedictine monks at Gilling Castle and Ampleforth College. His years at Ampleforth would later provide much of the material for the first part of his third novel Monk Dawson (1969) and rural Ryedale was the setting of his fifth novel, The Upstart (1973).In 1959 he went to St John's College, Cambridge, where he read history. He received his B.A. in 1961 and M.A. in 1962. In 1963–64, he spent a year in West Berlin on a Ford Foundation Fellowship. There he came into contact with German writers in the Gruppe 47, the French nouveau romancier Michel Butor, and the Polish novelist, diarist and playwright, Witold Gombrowicz, and worked on his first novel Game in Heaven with Tussy Marx (1966). He later enrolled in an academy for writers funded by the Ford Foundation, the Literarisches Colloquium, where he made friends with fellow members Tom Stoppard and Derek Marlowe.His stay in Berlin inspired his second novel The Junkers (1968, which won the Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize) and confirmed the general sympathy towards the Germans that he felt on account of his mother's part-German ancestry. On returning to England, he took a job as sub-editor on The Times Literary Supplement and shared a flat in Pimlico with Stoppard and Marlowe. In 1967–68, he spent a year in New York – an experience he used in his fourth novel The Professor's Daughter (1971). <mask> is a practising Catholic and has served on the board of Catholic charities such as Aid to the Church in Need (UK) and the National Catholic Library. He was Master and remains Vice-President of the Catholic Writers' Guild of England and Wales. He has served on the governing bodies of the Institute of Contemporary Arts (1971-1975), the Society of Authors (1973-1976) and the Royal Society of Literature (2001-2007). He is married to Emily Boothby (of the Boothby baronets).They have two sons, including <mask>, and two daughters. <mask> lives in London. In 2005, he correctly predicted the election of Joseph Ratzinger as Pope Benedict XVI. In <mask>'s 1988 WWII novel The Free Frenchman, the protagonist's Catholic faith plays an important part in political decisions and dilemmas during the German occupation of France, as well as in the protagonist's tangled relations with the women in his life. Work Early in his career, <mask> wrote a number of scripts for film and television – Verbrechen mit Vorbedacht (1967) for the German director Peter Lilienthal whom he met in Berlin; Coincidence (1968), The House on Highbury Hill (1971) and The Childhood Friend (1974) /as Wednesday Plays for BBC television – the latter starring Anthony Hopkins who would also play the title role in the television adaptation of <mask>'s A Married Man (1984). A short play The Class War was staged by the Questors Theatre Company in 1964, and his Margaret Clitherow was broadcast by Granada Television in 1977. The greater part of <mask>'s work has been in prose form.After his plotless first novel, Game in Heaven with Tussy Marx (1967), <mask>'s fiction adopted a more traditional narrative structure with both contemporary and historical settings. Three of his historical novels – The Junkers (1968), Polonaise (1976), The Free Frenchman (1986), are set in Continental Europe around World War II; and Alice in Exile (2001) in Russia at the time of the Bolshevik Revolution. <mask>'s contemporaneous novels – A Married Man (1979), A Season in the West (1988), and The Misogynist (2010) - are ironic critiques of the manners and morals of the English upper-middle classes. There are elements of the thriller in The Villa Golitsyn (1981), On the Third Day (1990), A Patriot in Berlin (1995), Knights of the Cross (1997) and The Death of a Pope (2009), though these too show <mask>'s historical, political and religious concerns. With Alive: The Story of the Andes Survivors (1974), The Train Robbers (1978), and Ablaze: The Story of Chernobyl (1993) <mask> extended his range to reportage; to history with The Templars (1999) and The Dreyfus Affair (2012); and to biography with Alec Guinness: The Authorised Biography (2003). He has also contributed to moral and religious controversies with a pamphlet Quo Vadis: The Subversion of the Catholic Church (1991), and essays and articles collected in Hell and Other Destinations (2006). <mask> was awarded the Sir Geoffrey Faber Memorial Prize for The Junkers; the Hawthornden Prize and Somerset Maugham Award for Monk Dawson; the Thomas More Medal for Alive; the Enid McLeod Award for The Free Frenchman; and the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for A Season in the West.<mask>'s novels A Married Man (1984) and The Free Frenchman (1988) were adapted for television; Alive was made into a feature film by the director Frank Marshal in 1993; and Monk Dawson by Tom Waller in 1998. Alive <mask> is best known for his non-fiction book Alive: The Story of the Andes Survivors which documented the story of the 1972 crash of Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 in the Andes mountains. Alive won the Thomas More Medal for the most distinguished contribution to Catholic literature in 1974 and has sold more than five million copies worldwide. The book was adapted into the 1993 film Alive: The Miracle of the Andes. Other work <mask>'s first notable success was his novel Monk Dawson (1969), which won him a Hawthornden Prize and a Somerset Maugham Award, and was later made into the 1998 film of the same name by Tom Waller. In 1978 he wrote the book The Train Robbers about the Great Train Robbery in England in 1963. In 1988 he was awarded a James Tait Black Memorial Prize for his book A Season in the West.In 2003 his authorised biography of the actor Alec Guinness was published. In 2009 he wrote The Death of a Pope () set with the 2005 Papal conclave as a backdrop. In 2015 he wrote Scarpia (), a fictional retelling of the story in the Puccini opera Tosca. Archive Read's archive of literary papers and correspondence is held by Special Collections in the Brotherton Library at the University of Leeds. The collection consists of 139 boxes and contains manuscripts and typescripts of his novels and plays. It also contains articles and short stories; extensive correspondence, interview tapes and research notes; press-cuttings and other papers. Themes <mask>'s novels are strongly influenced by his Catholic faith.His stories focus on the religious themes of sin and redemption. <mask> writes in a fairly traditional, linear style and he often uses plot elements from popular fiction, especially the thriller, like espionage, murder and conspiracy theories. Most of his main characters are fairly unsympathetic and some of them commit horrific deeds before they finally convert to God. Almost all of <mask>'s novels are set in Europe. Many of his books show a great interest and sympathy especially for Germany – quite unusual in British literature – and for Eastern European countries like Russia and Poland. In The Knights of the Cross, he explicitly satirises the expectations and prejudices of the British readership towards the Germans. List of works Fiction Game in Heaven with Tussy Marx (1966) The Junkers (1968) Monk Dawson (1969) The Professor's Daughter (1971) The Upstart (1973) Polonaise (1976) A Married Man (1979) The Villa Golitsyn (1981) The Free Frenchman (1986) A Season in the West (1988) On the Third Day (1990) A Patriot in Berlin (1995) Knights of the Cross (1997) Alice in Exile (2001) The Death of a Pope (2009) The Misogynist (2010) Scarpia (2015) Non-fiction Alive: The Story of the Andes Survivors (1974) The Train Robbers (1978) Quo Vadis?The Subversion of the Catholic Church (a 45-page pamphlet in the Claridge "Blasts" series) (1991) Ablaze: The Story of Chernobyl (1993) The Templars: The Dramatic History of the Knights Templar, the Most Powerful Military Order of the Crusades (1999) Alec Guinness. The Authorised Biography (2003) Hell and Other Destinations (US title: Hell and Other Essays) (2006) The Dreyfus Affair: The Story of the Most Infamous Miscarriage of Justice in French History (2012) See also Miracle in the Andes: 72 Days on the Mountain and My Long Trek Home Alive: 20 Years Later Nando Parrado Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 References Literature about the author Crowe, Marian E. (2007). Aiming at Heaven, Getting the Earth: The English Catholic Novel Today. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, pp. 285–350. (Chapters on Monk Dawson, Polonaise and On the Third Day) ; . Head, Dominic (2002).The Cambridge Introduction to Modern British Fiction. Cambridge University Press, pp. 28–29. (Discusses A Married Man) ; . Whitehouse, J.C. (2004). "Piers <mask>, A Season in the West", in Reichardt, Mary R. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Catholic Literature. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, pp. 517–605; ; . Woodman, Thomas (1991). Faithful Fictions: The Catholic Novel in English Literature. Milton Keynes: Open University Press (briefly discusses all <mask>'s novels up to The Free Frenchman); <mask>, <mask> <mask>. Contemporary Authors.New Revision Series, Vol. 38, pp. 353–55 External links Author's website Biography from the British Council 1999 interview with the Catholic magazine AD2000 Read's book, The Death of a Pope Interview with <mask> on being a Catholic author and his new book. Archival material at 1941 births British Roman Catholics British biographers 20th-century British novelists 21st-century British novelists Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature Living people People educated at Ampleforth College Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge People from Beaconsfield Roman Catholic writers James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients British male novelists 20th-century British male writers 21st-century British male writers Male biographers

<mask> is a British novelist, historian and biographer. In 1974 he was first noted for a book of reportage called Alive: The Story of the Andes Survivors. He studied history at St. John's College. His most popular works are The Professor's Daughter, A Married Man, and A Season in the West. <mask> is a dramatist and television scriptwriter. He has produced biographies and popular history books for a general audience. Many of <mask>'s recent works were published in the United States and the United Kingdom.The Thomas More medal for Alive was one of the awards <mask> received. <mask> <mask> was born in the UK. His parents are Sir <mask>, a poet, art critic and theorist of anarchism, and <mask>, a professional musician. His mother converted to Roman Catholicism and he was raised in that religion. <mask>'s family moved to North Yorkshire when he was eight. He attended Ampleforth College and Gilling Castle. The setting of his fifth novel, The Upstart, was provided by his time at Ampleforth.He read history at St John's College. He received a degree. M.A. in 1961. In 1962. He spent a year in West Berlin on a Ford Foundation fellowship. He worked on his first novel, Game in Heaven with Tussy Marx, with the help of German, French, and Polish writers. He made friends with fellow members of the academy, which was funded by the Ford Foundation.His stay in Berlin inspired his second novel, The Junkers, which was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 After returning to England, he took a job as sub-editor on The Times Literary Supplement and shared a flat with Stoppard and Marlowe. He spent a year in New York in 1967, the year he wrote The Professor's Daughter. The National Catholic Library and Aid to the Church in Need are two Catholic charities that <mask> has served on. He is the Vice- President of the Catholic Writers' Guild of England and Wales. He served on the governing bodies of the Institute of Contemporary Arts, the Society of Authors and the Royal Society of Literature. He is married to Emily Boothby.<mask> has two sons and two daughters. <mask> lives in London. He correctly predicted the election of Joseph Ratzinger. In <mask>'s 1988 WWII novel The Free Frenchman, the main character's Catholic faith plays an important part in political decisions and dilemmas during the German occupation of France, as well as in his tangled relations with the women in his life. The Childhood Friend, Coincidence, and The House on Highbury Hill were all written by <mask> early in his career. In 1964, The Class War was staged by the Questors Theatre Company, and in 1977 Margaret Clitherow was broadcast. The majority of <mask>'s work has been prose.After Game in Heaven with Tussy Marx, <mask>'s fiction adopted a more traditional narrative structure with both contemporary and historical settings. The Junkers, Polonaise, and The Free Frenchman are set in Continental Europe around World War II, while Alice in Exile is set in Russia at the time of the Bolshevik Revolution. The ironic critiques of the manners and morals of the English upper-middle classes can be found in <mask>'s novels. The Villa Golitsyn (1981), On the Third Day (1990), A Patriot in Berlin (1995), Knights of the Cross 1997 and The Death of a Pope 2009) show <mask>'s historical, political and religious concerns. With Alive: The Story of the Andes Survivors, The Train Robbers, and Ablaze: The Story of Chernobyl are just a few of the stories <mask> has reported. He contributed to the moral and religious controversy with a pamphlet called Quo Vadis: The Subversion of the Catholic Church. The James Tait Black Memorial Prize for A Season in the West was one of the awards <mask> received.The Free Frenchman and A Married Man were both adapted for television, as were Alive and Monk Dawson. The story of the 1972 crash of Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 in the Andes mountains was documented in a non-fiction book by <mask>. The Thomas More medal was won by Alive and it has sold more than five million copies. The book was adapted into a movie. Monk Dawson, <mask>'s novel which won him a Hawthornden Prize and a Somerset Maugham Award, was later made into the film of the same name by Tom Waller. He wrote a book about the train robbery in England in 1963. He received a James Tait Black Memorial Prize in 1988 for his book A Season in the West.His biography of Alec Guinness was published in 2003 The 2005 Papal conclave was the setting for The Death of a Pope. He wrote a fictional version of the story in the opera. Archive Read's archive of literary papers and correspondence can be found in the Special Collections at the University of Leeds. His novels and plays are contained in the collection. It has articles and short stories, extensive correspondence, interview tapes, research notes, press-cuttings and other papers. His Catholic faith influenced Themes <mask>'s novels.The religious themes of sin and redemption are the focus of his stories. He uses plot elements from popular fiction like espionage, murder and conspiracy theories in his writing. Some of his main characters commit horrible acts before they convert to God. Most of <mask>'s novels are set in Europe. Many of his books show a great interest and sympathy for Germany, which is unusual in British literature. In The Knights of the Cross, he mocks the expectations of the British readership towards the Germans. Game in Heaven with Tussy Marx is one of the works on the list.Ablaze: The Story of Chernobyl is a pamphlet in the Claridge "Blasts" series. The Dreyfus Affair: The Story of the Most Infamous Miscarriage of Justice in French History and My Long Trek Home Alive are also included. Aiming at Heaven, Getting the Earth is an English Catholic novel. Lexington Books, pp. 335–350. On the Third Day is one of the chapters. Dominic Head was born in 2002.The introduction to modern British fiction was written in Cambridge. The Cambridge University Press. 28–29. Discusses a married man. Whitehouse, J.C. "Piers <mask>, A Season in the West" was written by Mary R. Reichardt. There is an ed.The Encyclopedia of Catholic Literature. pp. 605; ;. Thomas Woodman was born in 1991. The Catholic novel is in English literature. The Open University Press discusses all <mask>'s novels up to The Free Frenchman. The authors are contemporary.There is a new revision series. 38, pp. Biography from the British Council 1999 interview with the Catholic magazine AD2000 Read's book, The Death of a Pope Interview with <mask> on being a Catholic author and his new book. The Royal Society of Literature has biographies of 20th-century British novelists and of 21st-century British novelists.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel%20Studer

Isabel Studer

María Isabel Studer Noguez is Director of Alianza University of California-Mexico. She was Director for Strategic Initiatives for Latin America and Executive Director for Mexico and Northern Central America of The Nature Conservancy. She was Director General for International Economic Cooperation at the Mexican Agency for International Cooperation, where she launched the Partnership for Sustainability with the aim of engaging the private sector in developing public-private projects around the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. For almost a decade, she was a professor and researcher in international relations at the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (Tec de Monterrey), principally working as the director of the Instituto Global para la Sostenibilidad (IGS), formerly the Centro de Diálogo y Análysis sobre América del Norte (CEDAN). She began her academic career working in international relations and has held positions in both Mexico and the United States teaching, researching, advising and writing on topics related to international relations, especially in North America, business and environmental issues. Her publications include books, scholarly articles as well as articles and columns for various media. Today, she is Senior Fellow of The Atlantic Council's Adrienne Arscht Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center, Chair of the Board of Sostenibilidad Global and Inciativa Climática de México (ICM), member of the Board of Directors of the World Environment Center, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)'s Environment of Peace, the Sustainability Experts Advisory Group of Dow Chemical, and the Advisory Council for Water (Mexico). Education Studer received her bachelor's degree in international relations from the Colegio de México in 1986. She received her masters (1990) and doctorate (1997) in international relations from the School of Advanced International Studies of Johns Hopkins University. Her dissertation was “MNE’s Global Strategies and Government Policies in the Automobile Industry: Ford Motor Company in North America.” In 1993 she did her field research at the Canadian Embassy in Washington. During her studies, Studer received several scholarships including a Fulbright Scholarship in 1988, Galo Plaza Fellowship of the Inter-American Dialogue in 1990, the SAIS scholarship and a scholarship from CONACYT. She is fluent in Spanish, English and French. Career Academic career She has been a tenured professor and researcher at a number of prestigious Mexican universities and institutions. From 1993 to 1997, she was a professor and researcher at the international studies division of the Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE), which was followed by a year as a visiting professor at the department of business and economics at Colorado College in Colorado Springs. From 1997 to 2000, she taught at the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM) with the international studies department, then was a professor and research at the Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO). From 2005 to 2006, she was an associate professor at the Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE) and a senior fellow at the Center for North American Studies at the American University in Washington. Work in government Studer began her career as a staff member at the Inter-American Dialogue in Washington, DC from 1990 to 1991. Since then, she has held a number of public policy positions in Mexico and the United States. In 2001, she was the deputy director general for North America at the Secretaría del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, as well as an alternate representative to the Commission for Environmental Cooperation of North America (CEC). From 2005 to 2006 she was the research director for the Commission for Labor Cooperation in Washington, DC. In 2010, she joined the research program on climate change at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). In 2011 she became a member of the Beyond Banking Program committee of the Inter-American Development Bank, and in 2012 a member of the evaluation committee of the Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores. Dr. Studer was ca member of the Consejo de Cambio Climático (Climate Change Board) with the Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, which advises the president on issues regarding the topic. Tec de Monterrey/Instituto Global para la Sostenibilidad Her research work has been related to the effects of interdependency and its relation to the global economy. As a professor and researcher for the Tec de Monterrey, Mexico City campus, she lectured with graduate level classes in sustainable development and other topics at the EGADE Business School. She founded and coordinated the Negocios Verdes (Green Business Summit) program. and directed of the Greening of Value Chains Program, a MIF-Tec de Monterrey Program. Since October 2011, she became the director of IGS. Since January 2008, director of CEDAN Her research work mostly revolves around the Instituto Global para la Sostenibilidad (Global Institute for Sustainability), which is based on the Mexico City campus. The institute began as the Centro de Diálogo y Análisis sobre América del Norte (Center of Dialogue and Analysis of North America) or CEDAN, which she founded and directed in cooperation with the Escuela de Graduados en Administracíon y Políticas Públicas (Graduate School of Administration and Public Policy) on her campus. She states that one frustration of academia is that much of the knowledge that is generated is not immediately useful for making political decisions. Her goal with CEDAN was to create a kind of think tank focusing on generating practical information on things that concern Mexico and its policies. About eighty percent of CEDAN’s activities were related to sustainability, environment and climate change, so Studer reorganized the institute and gave it the new name of the Instituto Global para la Sostenibilidad (Global Institute of Sustainability) or IGS, a partnership between the Tec de Monterrey and Arizona State University. She says that her objective in international studies is to make Mexico a better country, and that its citizens benefit from globalization. The enterprise has become successful enough to be known in the United States and Canada as well. Publications and media Studer has written on topics such as economic integration, regional governance, the auto industry, labor and labor migration, trade and environment, environmental standards, climate change and renewable energy in various publications both academic and popular. She has served as a commenter in various media on topics related to international affairs, issues related to North America (such as NAFTA) and sustainable development. From 2001 to 2005, she was a columnist on international affairs for the newspaper El Universal, later becoming a member of the editorial board of the Reforma publication. She has also served as a commentator at El Palenque of Animal Político. She also regularly writes academic journal articles, mostly related to the process of regional integration and the institutions of North America, especially relations between Mexico and the U.S. and Mexico and Canada. Recognitions Recognitions for her work include being chosen as an associate on COMEXI (Mexican Council on Foreign Affairs) in 2009, a recognition from the governor of Canada in 2009 as well as selection as academic partner at The World Climate Summit in 2010, an ambassador to the World Mayors Summit on Climate and a judge at the “Boot Camp” of the Cleantech Challenge and the Siemens Green Technology Journalism Award in 2011. In 2013, she received the Académico-Científico award from the Petroleo & Energia magazine as part of their Los 100 Líderes del Sector Energía (100 Leaders in the Energy Sector) 2013 event. Dr. Studer has been a member of Mexico’s Sistema Nacional de Investigadores since 1994, reaching Level II status in 2009. Publications Books Designing Integration: Regional Governance on Climate Change in North America, edited with Neil Craik & Deborah VanNijnatten, Toronto: Toronto University Press, 2013. (to be published). “Aportaciones de un internacionalista mexicano”. (Input of a Mexican internationalist) Author: Carlos Rico Ferrat. The College of Mexico . Mexico. November 2012. Compilation. Réquiem or Revival?: The Promise of North American Integration, edited with Carol Wise, Washington DC: The Brookings Institution, 2007. Ford Global Strategies and the North American Auto Industry, Routledge Series of International Business and the World Economy, London: Routledge, 2002. “La economía política de la integración regional”, (The political economy of the regional integration), virtual textbook, Masters on Regional Integration, University of Murcia (Spain), the Ortega y Gasset University Institute (Spain) and the International Institute on Government, Management and Policy de Georgetown University (United States), 2003. Journal articles “Modern Mexico: Shaping the Future”. In: “2012: A New Mexican Vision for North America?” Task Force Policy Papers, University of Miami. Miami. December 2012. “Mercado de trabajo y capital humano en América del Norte”. (Labor market, human capital and labor mobility in North America). In: Foro Internacional. Vol. 52, No. 03, 2012. “Who controls North America”. In: Literary Review of Canada. Vol. 20, No. 03., April 2012. Review. “A joint research agenda”. In: Canada Among Nations 2011-2012. McGill-Queen’s University Press 2012 “Una agenda de investigación común”. (A joint research agenda) In: México y Canadá: La agenda pendiente. (Mexico and Canada: The outstanding agenda). Mexican Council on Foreign Relations. Mexico. 2012. “Mexico-Canadá: el camino hacia una sociedad estratégica”. (Mexico-Canada: The road to a strategic partnership). In: Revista Mexicana de Política Exterior. Issue #92. Mexico. March–June 2011. See also List of Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education faculty References Mexican women academics Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education faculty The Nature Conservancy Living people Year of birth missing (living people)

<mask> is Director of Alianza University of California-Mexico. She was Director for Strategic Initiatives for Latin America and Executive Director for Mexico and Northern Central America of The Nature Conservancy. She was Director General for International Economic Cooperation at the Mexican Agency for International Cooperation, where she launched the Partnership for Sustainability with the aim of engaging the private sector in developing public-private projects around the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. For almost a decade, she was a professor and researcher in international relations at the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (Tec de Monterrey), principally working as the director of the Instituto Global para la Sostenibilidad (IGS), formerly the Centro de Diálogo y Análysis sobre América del Norte (CEDAN). She began her academic career working in international relations and has held positions in both Mexico and the United States teaching, researching, advising and writing on topics related to international relations, especially in North America, business and environmental issues. Her publications include books, scholarly articles as well as articles and columns for various media. Today, she is Senior Fellow of The Atlantic Council's Adrienne Arscht Rockefeller Foundation Resilience Center, Chair of the Board of Sostenibilidad Global and Inciativa Climática de México (ICM), member of the Board of Directors of the World Environment Center, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)'s Environment of Peace, the Sustainability Experts Advisory Group of Dow Chemical, and the Advisory Council for Water (Mexico).Education Studer received her bachelor's degree in international relations from the Colegio de México in 1986. She received her masters (1990) and doctorate (1997) in international relations from the School of Advanced International Studies of Johns Hopkins University. Her dissertation was “MNE’s Global Strategies and Government Policies in the Automobile Industry: Ford Motor Company in North America.” In 1993 she did her field research at the Canadian Embassy in Washington. During her studies, Studer received several scholarships including a Fulbright Scholarship in 1988, Galo Plaza Fellowship of the Inter-American Dialogue in 1990, the SAIS scholarship and a scholarship from CONACYT. She is fluent in Spanish, English and French. Career Academic career She has been a tenured professor and researcher at a number of prestigious Mexican universities and institutions. From 1993 to 1997, she was a professor and researcher at the international studies division of the Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE), which was followed by a year as a visiting professor at the department of business and economics at Colorado College in Colorado Springs.From 1997 to 2000, she taught at the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM) with the international studies department, then was a professor and research at the Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales (FLACSO). From 2005 to 2006, she was an associate professor at the Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE) and a senior fellow at the Center for North American Studies at the American University in Washington. Work in government Studer began her career as a staff member at the Inter-American Dialogue in Washington, DC from 1990 to 1991. Since then, she has held a number of public policy positions in Mexico and the United States. In 2001, she was the deputy director general for North America at the Secretaría del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, as well as an alternate representative to the Commission for Environmental Cooperation of North America (CEC). From 2005 to 2006 she was the research director for the Commission for Labor Cooperation in Washington, DC. In 2010, she joined the research program on climate change at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM).In 2011 she became a member of the Beyond Banking Program committee of the Inter-American Development Bank, and in 2012 a member of the evaluation committee of the Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores. Dr. Studer was ca member of the Consejo de Cambio Climático (Climate Change Board) with the Secretaría de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, which advises the president on issues regarding the topic. Tec de Monterrey/Instituto Global para la Sostenibilidad Her research work has been related to the effects of interdependency and its relation to the global economy. As a professor and researcher for the Tec de Monterrey, Mexico City campus, she lectured with graduate level classes in sustainable development and other topics at the EGADE Business School. She founded and coordinated the Negocios Verdes (Green Business Summit) program. and directed of the Greening of Value Chains Program, a MIF-Tec de Monterrey Program. Since October 2011, she became the director of IGS.Since January 2008, director of CEDAN Her research work mostly revolves around the Instituto Global para la Sostenibilidad (Global Institute for Sustainability), which is based on the Mexico City campus. The institute began as the Centro de Diálogo y Análisis sobre América del Norte (Center of Dialogue and Analysis of North America) or CEDAN, which she founded and directed in cooperation with the Escuela de Graduados en Administracíon y Políticas Públicas (Graduate School of Administration and Public Policy) on her campus. She states that one frustration of academia is that much of the knowledge that is generated is not immediately useful for making political decisions. Her goal with CEDAN was to create a kind of think tank focusing on generating practical information on things that concern Mexico and its policies. About eighty percent of CEDAN’s activities were related to sustainability, environment and climate change, so Studer reorganized the institute and gave it the new name of the Instituto Global para la Sostenibilidad (Global Institute of Sustainability) or IGS, a partnership between the Tec de Monterrey and Arizona State University. She says that her objective in international studies is to make Mexico a better country, and that its citizens benefit from globalization. The enterprise has become successful enough to be known in the United States and Canada as well.Publications and media Studer has written on topics such as economic integration, regional governance, the auto industry, labor and labor migration, trade and environment, environmental standards, climate change and renewable energy in various publications both academic and popular. She has served as a commenter in various media on topics related to international affairs, issues related to North America (such as NAFTA) and sustainable development. From 2001 to 2005, she was a columnist on international affairs for the newspaper El Universal, later becoming a member of the editorial board of the Reforma publication. She has also served as a commentator at El Palenque of Animal Político. She also regularly writes academic journal articles, mostly related to the process of regional integration and the institutions of North America, especially relations between Mexico and the U.S. and Mexico and Canada. Recognitions Recognitions for her work include being chosen as an associate on COMEXI (Mexican Council on Foreign Affairs) in 2009, a recognition from the governor of Canada in 2009 as well as selection as academic partner at The World Climate Summit in 2010, an ambassador to the World Mayors Summit on Climate and a judge at the “Boot Camp” of the Cleantech Challenge and the Siemens Green Technology Journalism Award in 2011. In 2013, she received the Académico-Científico award from the Petroleo & Energia magazine as part of their Los 100 Líderes del Sector Energía (100 Leaders in the Energy Sector) 2013 event.Dr. <mask> has been a member of Mexico’s Sistema Nacional de Investigadores since 1994, reaching Level II status in 2009. Publications Books Designing Integration: Regional Governance on Climate Change in North America, edited with Neil Craik & Deborah VanNijnatten, Toronto: Toronto University Press, 2013. (to be published). “Aportaciones de un internacionalista mexicano”. (Input of a Mexican internationalist) Author: Carlos Rico Ferrat. The College of Mexico . Mexico.November 2012. Compilation. Réquiem or Revival? : The Promise of North American Integration, edited with Carol Wise, Washington DC: The Brookings Institution, 2007. Ford Global Strategies and the North American Auto Industry, Routledge Series of International Business and the World Economy, London: Routledge, 2002. “La economía política de la integración regional”, (The political economy of the regional integration), virtual textbook, Masters on Regional Integration, University of Murcia (Spain), the Ortega y Gasset University Institute (Spain) and the International Institute on Government, Management and Policy de Georgetown University (United States), 2003. Journal articles “Modern Mexico: Shaping the Future”.In: “2012: A New Mexican Vision for North America?” Task Force Policy Papers, University of Miami. Miami. December 2012. “Mercado de trabajo y capital humano en América del Norte”. (Labor market, human capital and labor mobility in North America). In: Foro Internacional. Vol.52, No. 03, 2012. “Who controls North America”. In: Literary Review of Canada. Vol. 20, No. 03., April 2012. Review.“A joint research agenda”. In: Canada Among Nations 2011-2012. McGill-Queen’s University Press 2012 “Una agenda de investigación común”. (A joint research agenda) In: México y Canadá: La agenda pendiente. (Mexico and Canada: The outstanding agenda). Mexican Council on Foreign Relations. Mexico.2012. “Mexico-Canadá: el camino hacia una sociedad estratégica”. (Mexico-Canada: The road to a strategic partnership). In: Revista Mexicana de Política Exterior. Issue #92. Mexico. March–June 2011.See also List of Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education faculty References Mexican women academics Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education faculty The Nature Conservancy Living people Year of birth missing (living people)

The Director of Alianza University of California-Mexico is <mask>. She was the Director for Strategic Initiatives for Latin America and the Executive Director for Mexico and Northern Central America of The Nature Conservancy. She was Director General for International Economic Cooperation at the Mexican Agency for International Cooperation, where she launched the Partnership for Sustainability with the aim of engaging the private sector in developing public-private projects. She was a professor and researcher in international relations for almost a decade at the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education. She began her academic career working in international relations and has held positions in both Mexico and the United States teaching, researching, advising and writing on topics related to international relations. Her publications include books, scholarly articles as well as articles and columns for various media. She is the Chair of the Board of Sostenibilidad Global and Inciativa Climtica de México and a member of the Board of Directors of the World Environment Center.Studer received a degree in international relations from Colegio de México. She received her masters in 1990 and doctorate in 1997 from the School of Advanced International Studies. In 1993 she did her field research at the Canadian Embassy in Washington, where she did her PhD on Global Strategies and Government Policies in the Automobile Industry: Ford Motor Company in North America. Studer received several scholarships during her studies, including the Galo Plaza fellowship of the Inter-American Dialogue, the SAIS scholarship, and the CONACYT scholarship. She speaks Spanish, English and French. She is a tenured professor at a number of prestigious Mexican universities. From 1993 to 1997 she was a professor and researcher at the international studies division of the Centro de Investigacin y Docencia Econmicas, which was followed by a year as a visiting professor at Colorado College in Colorado Springs.From 1997 to 2000 she was a professor at the Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales. She was an associate professor and senior fellow at the Center for North American Studies at the American University in Washington. Studer was a staff member at the Inter-American Dialogue in Washington, DC from 1990 to 1991. She has held a number of public policy positions in Mexico and the United States. She was the deputy director general for North America at the Secretara del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, as well as an alternate representative to the Commission for Environmental Cooperation of North America. She was the research director for the Commission for Labor Cooperation from 2005 to 2006 She joined the climate change research program at UNAM.She became a member of the Beyond Banking Program committee of the Inter-American Development Bank in 2011. The Secretara de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales advises the president on issues regarding the topic and Dr. Studer was a member of the Climate Change Board. The effects of interdependency and its relation to the global economy have been the subject of her research work. She lectured with graduate level classes in sustainable development and other topics at the EGADE Business School as a professor and researcher. She coordinated the Negocios Verdes program. The Greening of Value Chains Program was directed by this person. She became the director of IGS in October 2011.The Mexico City campus of the Global Institute for Sustainability has been the focus of her research work since January 2008. The center of dialogue and analysis of North America was founded and directed by her in cooperation with the Escuela de Graduados en Administracon y Poltica. She states that she is frustrated by the fact that most of the knowledge that is generated is not useful for making political decisions. She wanted to create a think tank that focused on generating practical information about things that concern Mexico and its policies. Studer reorganized the institute and gave it a new name, the Instituto Global para la Sostenibilidad, or IGS, which means the Global Institute of Sustainability. She wants to make Mexico a better country and that its citizens benefit from globalization. The enterprise is well known in the United States and Canada.Studer has written on topics such as economic integration, regional governance, the auto industry, labor and labor migration, trade and environment, environmental standards, climate change and renewable energy in various publications both academic and popular. She has commented on topics related to international affairs, issues related to North America and sustainable development in various media. She was a columnist for El Universal from 2001 to 2005 and later a member of the editorial board of Reforma. She is a commentator at El Palenque of Animal Poltico. The process of regional integration and the institutions of North America are some of the topics she writes about in her academic journal articles. She was chosen as an associate on COMEXI in 2009, a recognition from the governor of Canada in 2009, and an ambassador to the World Mayors Summit on Climate in 2010. She received an award from the magazine as part of their Los 100 Lderes del Sector Energa event.Since 1994, Dr. <mask> has been a member of Mexico's Sistema Nacional de Investigadores. The Toronto University Press published Designing Integration: Regional Governance on Climate Change in North America. To be published. Aportaciones de un internacionalista mexicano. Carlos Rico Ferrat is a Mexican internationalist. The College of Mexico is located in Mexico. Mexico.November 2012 There is a collection. Is it Revival or Réquiem? The Promise of North American Integration was edited by Carol Wise. The Ford Global Strategies and the North American Auto Industry is part of the Routledge Series of International Business and the World Economy. The political economy of the regional integration is one of the topics covered in the "La economa poltica de la integracin regional". There are articles about Modern Mexico.The Task Force Policy Papers are from the University of Miami. Miami. December 2012 It is called Mercado de trabajo y capital humano. The labor market, human capital and labor mobility in North America. In: Foro Internacional. There is a new edition of Vol.52, No. The year ended on March 3, 2012. Who controls North America? The literary review of Canada. There is a new edition of Vol. 20, No. The review was done in April.A research agenda. Canada was included among nations in 2011. "Una agenda de investigacin comn" is from the University Press. There is a research agenda in México y Canad. The outstanding agenda is between Mexico and Canada. The Mexican Council on Foreign Relations. Mexico.The year 2012. "Mexico-Canad: el camino hacia una sociedad estratégica". The road to a strategic partnership between Mexico and Canada. In: Revista Mexicana de Poltica. Issue 92. Mexico. March– June 2011.The Nature Conservancy Living people Year of birth missing (living people) are references to Mexican women academics.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trina%20Robbins

Trina Robbins

Trina Robbins (born Trina Perlson; August 17, 1938 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American cartoonist. She was an early and influential participant in the underground comix movement, and one of the first few female artists in that movement. Both as a cartoonist and historian, Robbins has long been involved in creating outlets for and promoting female comics artists. In the 1980s, Robbins became the first woman to draw Wonder Woman comics. She is a member of the Will Eisner Hall of Fame. Career Early work Robbins was an active member of science fiction fandom in the 1950s and 1960s. Her illustrations appeared in science fiction fanzines like the Hugo-nominated Habakkuk. Comics Robbins' first comics were printed in the East Village Other; she also contributed to the spin-off underground comic Gothic Blimp Works. In 1969, Robbins designed the costume for the Warren Publishing character Vampirella for artist Frank Frazetta in Vampirella #1 (Sept. 1969). She left New York for San Francisco in 1970, where she worked at the feminist underground newspaper It Ain't Me, Babe. That same year she and fellow female artist Barbara "Willy" Mendes, co-produced the first all-woman comic book, the one-shot It Ain't Me, Babe Comix. From this period on, Robbins became increasingly involved in creating outlets for and promoting female comics artists, through projects such as the comics anthology Wimmen's Comix, with which she was involved for twenty years. Wimmen's Comix #1 featured Robbins' "Sandy Comes Out", the first-ever comic strip featuring an "out" lesbian. Robbins became increasingly outspoken in her beliefs, criticizing underground comix artist Robert Crumb for the perceived misogyny of many of his comics. She said, "It's weird to me how willing people are to overlook the hideous darkness in Crumb's work ... What the hell is funny about rape and murder?" In the early 1980s Robbins created adaptations of Sax Rohmer's Dope and Tanith Lee's The Silver Metal Lover. In the mid-1980s she wrote and drew Misty for the Marvel Comics children's imprint Star Comics. The short-lived series was a reinterpretation of the long-standing character Millie the Model, now an adult running her own modeling agency and minding her niece Misty. Robbins' official involvement with Wonder Woman, a character she had long admired, began in 1986. At the conclusion of the first volume of the series (in conjunction with the series Crisis on Infinite Earths), DC Comics published a four-issue limited series titled The Legend of Wonder Woman, written by Kurt Busiek and drawn by Robbins. Robbins was the first woman to draw Wonder Woman comics. The series paid homage to the character's Golden Age roots. She also appeared as herself in Wonder Woman Annual 2 (1989). In the mid-1990s, Robbins criticized artist Mike Deodato's "bad girl art" portrayal of Wonder Woman, calling Deodato's version of the character a "barely clothed hypersexual pinup." In the late 1990s, Robbins collaborated with Colleen Doran on the DC Comics graphic novel Wonder Woman: The Once and Future Story, on the subject of spousal abuse. Robbins has been writing the comic book adventures of Honey West, notable as being one of popular fiction's first female private detectives. Writing and activism In addition to her comics work, Robbins is an author of nonfiction books on the history of women in cartooning. Her first book, co-written with Catherine Yronwode, was Women and the Comics, a history of female comic-strip and comic-book creators. As one of the first books ever published on this subject, it was covered in the mainstream press, in addition to the fan press. Subsequent Robbins volumes on women in the comics industry include A Century of Women Cartoonists (Kitchen Sink, 1993), The Great Women Superheroes (Kitchen Sink, 1997), From Girls to Grrrlz: A History of Women’s Comics from Teens to Zines (Chronicle, 1999), and The Great Women Cartoonists (Watson-Guptill, 2001). More recent work includes Pretty In Ink, published by Fantagraphics in 2013, which covers the history of North American women in comics from Rose O'Neill's 1896 strip The Old Subscriber Calls to present. Robbins was a co-founder of Friends of Lulu, a nonprofit formed in 1994 to promote readership of comic books by women and the participation of women in the comic book industry. Robbins is featured in the feminist history film She's Beautiful When She's Angry. Personal life Robbins was intimately involved in the 1960s rock scene, where she was close friends with Jim Morrison and The Byrds. She is the first of the three "Ladies of the Canyon" in Joni Mitchell's classic song from the album of the same name. In the late 1960s she ran an East Village clothing boutique called "Broccoli" and made clothes for Mama Cass, Donovan, David Crosby and others. She wrote a memoir entitled Last Girl Standing, released in 2017 from Fantagraphics. Her partner is artist Steve Leialoha. Awards and recognition Robbins was a Special Guest of the 1977 San Diego Comic-Con, when she was presented with an Inkpot Award. She won a Special Achievement Award from the San Diego Comic Con in 1989 for her work on Strip AIDS U.S.A., a benefit book that she co-edited with Bill Sienkiewicz and Robert Triptow. She was the 1992 Guest of Honor of WisCon, the Wisconsin Science Fiction Convention. In 2002, Robbins was given the Special John Buscema Haxtur Award, a recognition for comics published in Spain. In 2011, Robbins' artwork was exhibited as part of the Koffler Gallery show Graphic Details: Confessional Comics by Jewish Women. In July 2013, during the San Diego Comic-Con, Robbins was one of six inductees into the Will Eisner Hall of Fame. The award was presented by Mad magazine cartoonist and Groo the Wanderer creator Sergio Aragonés. The other inductees were Lee Falk, Al Jaffee, Mort Meskin, Joe Sinnott, and Spain Rodriguez. In a 2015 poll, Robbins was ranked #25 among the best female comics creators of all-time. In 2017, Robbins was chosen for the Wizard World Hall of Legends. In consideration of her contributions to the comic art form and her work as a historian, Comics Alliance listed Robbins as one of twelve women cartoonists deserving of lifetime achievement recognition. Robbins' art and art from her extensive collection of the work of classic women cartoonists was featured in the 2020 Society of Illustrators exhibit Women in Comics: Looking Forward, Looking Back. It was later featured in the Women in Comics exhibit at the Palazzo Merulana in Rome, Italy. Bibliography Comics [As writer/artist, unless otherwise noted] East Village Other (late 1960s)—contributor Gothic Blimp Works (East Village Other, 1969)—contributor It Ain't Me, Babe Comix (Last Gasp, 1970)—co-founder, contributor Moonchild Comix#3 (September 1970)—contributor Swift Comics (Bantam Books, 1971)—contributor All Girl Thrills (Print Mint, 1971)—editor, contributor Wimmen's Comix (Last Gasp, Renegade Press, Rip Off Press, 1972–1992)—co-founder, contributor Girl Fight Comics #1, #2 (Print Mint, 1972, 1974) Tuff Shit Comics (Print Mint, 1972)—contributor Barbarian Comics #4 (California Comics, 1972)—contributor Comix Book (Marvel Comics, Kitchen Sink, 1974–1976)—contributor Tits & Clits Comix #3 (Nanny Goat Productions, 1977)—contributor Dope (Eclipse Comics, 1981–1983)—adaptation of the Sax Rohmer novel Gates of Eden (FantaCo, 1982)—contributor The Silver Metal Lover (Crown Books, 1985)—adaptation of the Tanith Lee novel Good Girls (Wonderful Publishing Company, 1985)—contributor Misty (Star Comics, 1985–1986) Gay Comix #6, #11, #25 (Bob Ross, 1985, 1986, 1998) Wonder Woman (DC Comics, 1986)—writer California Girls #1–8 (Eclipse Comics, 1987–1988) Strip AIDS U.S.A.: A Collection of Cartoon Art to Benefit People With AIDS (Last Gasp, 1988)—editor (with Bill Sienkiewicz & Robert Triptow) War News (Jim Mitchell, 1991)—contributor to underground newspaper launched to protest the first Gulf War. Wonder Woman: The Once and Future Story (DC Comics, 1998)—writer; drawn by Colleen Doran Alien Apocalypse 2006 (Frog Ltd., 2000)—contributor GoGirl (Image Comics, 2000–2001)—writer 9-11: September 11, 2001 (Artists Respond) (Dark Horse Comics/Chaos! Comics/Image Comics, 2002)—writer/contributor The Phantom Chronicles (Moonstone Books, 2007)—writer/contributor Girl Comics (Marvel Comics, 2010)—contributor Honey West (Moonstone Books, 2010)—writer issues 1,2,6,7 Honey West and The Cat (Moonstone Books,2013)-writer, issue 1–2 Nonfiction Women and the Comics by Catherine Yronwode and Trina Robbins (Eclipse, 1983) A Century of Women Cartoonists (Kitchen Sink, 1993) The Great Women Superheroes (Kitchen Sink, 1997) From Girls to Grrrlz: A History of Women’s Comics from Teens to Zines (Chronicle, 1999) The Great Women Cartoonists (Watson-Guptill, 2001) Nell Brinkley and the New Woman in the Early 20th Century (McFarland & Co., 2001) Eternally Bad: Goddesses with Attitude (Conari Press, 2001) Tender Murderers: Women Who Kill (Conari Press, 2003) Wild Irish Roses: Tales of Brigits, Kathleens, and Warrior Queens (Conari Press, 2004) "Girls on Top?", chapter 6 of Dez Skinn's Comix: The Underground Revolution (Collins & Brown/Thunder's Mouth, 2004) The Brinkley Girls: The Best of Nell Brinkley's Cartoons from 1913–1940 (Fantagraphics Books, 2009) —introduction Forbidden City: The Golden Age of Chinese Nightclubs (Hampton Press, 2009) Lily Renée, Escape Artist: From Holocaust Survivor to Comic Book Pioneer (Graphic Universe, 2011) Pretty In Ink: North American Women Cartoonists 1896–2013 (Fantagraphics Books, 2013) Babes in Arms: Women in Comics During the Second World War (Hermes Press, 2017) Flapper Queens: Women Cartoonists of the Jazz Age (Fantagraphics Books, 2020) References Sources External links The Ohio State University Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum: Trina Robbins Collection guide 1938 births Living people American women illustrators American illustrators Comics critics American feminists Feminist artists Feminist criticism Jewish American artists Science fiction fans Underground cartoonists Female comics writers American female comics artists Artists from the San Francisco Bay Area 21st-century American Jews 21st-century American women

<mask> (born <mask>; August 17, 1938 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American cartoonist. She was an early and influential participant in the underground comix movement, and one of the first few female artists in that movement. Both as a cartoonist and historian, <mask> has long been involved in creating outlets for and promoting female comics artists. In the 1980s, <mask> became the first woman to draw Wonder Woman comics. She is a member of the Will Eisner Hall of Fame. Career Early work <mask> was an active member of science fiction fandom in the 1950s and 1960s. Her illustrations appeared in science fiction fanzines like the Hugo-nominated Habakkuk.Comics <mask>' first comics were printed in the East Village Other; she also contributed to the spin-off underground comic Gothic Blimp Works. In 1969, <mask> designed the costume for the Warren Publishing character Vampirella for artist Frank Frazetta in Vampirella #1 (Sept. 1969). She left New York for San Francisco in 1970, where she worked at the feminist underground newspaper It Ain't Me, Babe. That same year she and fellow female artist Barbara "Willy" Mendes, co-produced the first all-woman comic book, the one-shot It Ain't Me, Babe Comix. From this period on, <mask> became increasingly involved in creating outlets for and promoting female comics artists, through projects such as the comics anthology Wimmen's Comix, with which she was involved for twenty years. Wimmen's Comix #1 featured <mask>' "Sandy Comes Out", the first-ever comic strip featuring an "out" lesbian. <mask> became increasingly outspoken in her beliefs, criticizing underground comix artist Robert Crumb for the perceived misogyny of many of his comics.She said, "It's weird to me how willing people are to overlook the hideous darkness in Crumb's work ... What the hell is funny about rape and murder?" In the early 1980s <mask> created adaptations of Sax Rohmer's Dope and Tanith Lee's The Silver Metal Lover. In the mid-1980s she wrote and drew Misty for the Marvel Comics children's imprint Star Comics. The short-lived series was a reinterpretation of the long-standing character Millie the Model, now an adult running her own modeling agency and minding her niece Misty. <mask>' official involvement with Wonder Woman, a character she had long admired, began in 1986. At the conclusion of the first volume of the series (in conjunction with the series Crisis on Infinite Earths), DC Comics published a four-issue limited series titled The Legend of Wonder Woman, written by Kurt Busiek and drawn by <mask>. <mask> was the first woman to draw Wonder Woman comics.The series paid homage to the character's Golden Age roots. She also appeared as herself in Wonder Woman Annual 2 (1989). In the mid-1990s, <mask> criticized artist Mike Deodato's "bad girl art" portrayal of Wonder Woman, calling Deodato's version of the character a "barely clothed hypersexual pinup." In the late 1990s, <mask> collaborated with Colleen Doran on the DC Comics graphic novel Wonder Woman: The Once and Future Story, on the subject of spousal abuse. <mask> has been writing the comic book adventures of Honey West, notable as being one of popular fiction's first female private detectives. Writing and activism In addition to her comics work, <mask> is an author of nonfiction books on the history of women in cartooning. Her first book, co-written with Catherine Yronwode, was Women and the Comics, a history of female comic-strip and comic-book creators.As one of the first books ever published on this subject, it was covered in the mainstream press, in addition to the fan press. Subsequent <mask> volumes on women in the comics industry include A Century of Women Cartoonists (Kitchen Sink, 1993), The Great Women Superheroes (Kitchen Sink, 1997), From Girls to Grrrlz: A History of Women’s Comics from Teens to Zines (Chronicle, 1999), and The Great Women Cartoonists (Watson-Guptill, 2001). More recent work includes Pretty In Ink, published by Fantagraphics in 2013, which covers the history of North American women in comics from Rose O'Neill's 1896 strip The Old Subscriber Calls to present. <mask> was a co-founder of Friends of Lulu, a nonprofit formed in 1994 to promote readership of comic books by women and the participation of women in the comic book industry. <mask> is featured in the feminist history film She's Beautiful When She's Angry. Personal life <mask> was intimately involved in the 1960s rock scene, where she was close friends with Jim Morrison and The Byrds. She is the first of the three "Ladies of the Canyon" in Joni Mitchell's classic song from the album of the same name.In the late 1960s she ran an East Village clothing boutique called "Broccoli" and made clothes for Mama Cass, Donovan, David Crosby and others. She wrote a memoir entitled Last Girl Standing, released in 2017 from Fantagraphics. Her partner is artist Steve Leialoha. Awards and recognition <mask> was a Special Guest of the 1977 San Diego Comic-Con, when she was presented with an Inkpot Award. She won a Special Achievement Award from the San Diego Comic Con in 1989 for her work on Strip AIDS U.S.A., a benefit book that she co-edited with Bill Sienkiewicz and Robert Triptow. She was the 1992 Guest of Honor of WisCon, the Wisconsin Science Fiction Convention. In 2002, <mask> was given the Special John Buscema Haxtur Award, a recognition for comics published in Spain.In 2011, <mask>' artwork was exhibited as part of the Koffler Gallery show Graphic Details: Confessional Comics by Jewish Women. In July 2013, during the San Diego Comic-Con, <mask> was one of six inductees into the Will Eisner Hall of Fame. The award was presented by Mad magazine cartoonist and Groo the Wanderer creator Sergio Aragonés. The other inductees were Lee Falk, Al Jaffee, Mort Meskin, Joe Sinnott, and Spain Rodriguez. In a 2015 poll, <mask> was ranked #25 among the best female comics creators of all-time. In 2017, <mask> was chosen for the Wizard World Hall of Legends. In consideration of her contributions to the comic art form and her work as a historian, Comics Alliance listed <mask> as one of twelve women cartoonists deserving of lifetime achievement recognition.<mask>' art and art from her extensive collection of the work of classic women cartoonists was featured in the 2020 Society of Illustrators exhibit Women in Comics: Looking Forward, Looking Back. It was later featured in the Women in Comics exhibit at the Palazzo Merulana in Rome, Italy. Wonder Woman: The Once and Future Story (DC Comics, 1998)—writer; drawn by Colleen Doran Alien Apocalypse 2006 (Frog Ltd., 2000)—contributor GoGirl (Image Comics, 2000–2001)—writer 9-11: September 11, 2001 (Artists Respond) (Dark Horse Comics/Chaos! Comics/Image Comics, 2002)—writer/contributor The Phantom Chronicles (Moonstone Books, 2007)—writer/contributor Girl Comics (Marvel Comics, 2010)—contributor Honey West (Moonstone Books, 2010)—writer issues 1,2,6,7 Honey West and The Cat (Moonstone Books,2013)-writer, issue 1–2 Nonfiction Women and the Comics by Catherine Yronwode and <mask> <mask> (Eclipse, 1983) A Century of Women Cartoonists (Kitchen Sink, 1993) The Great Women Superheroes (Kitchen Sink, 1997) From Girls to Grrrlz: A History of Women’s Comics from Teens to Zines (Chronicle, 1999) The Great Women Cartoonists (Watson-Guptill, 2001) Nell Brinkley and the New Woman in the Early 20th Century (McFarland & Co., 2001) Eternally Bad: Goddesses with Attitude (Conari Press, 2001) Tender Murderers: Women Who Kill (Conari Press, 2003) Wild Irish Roses: Tales of Brigits, Kathleens, and Warrior Queens (Conari Press, 2004) "Girls on Top? ", chapter 6 of Dez Skinn's Comix: The Underground Revolution (Collins & Brown/Thunder's Mouth, 2004) The Brinkley Girls: The Best of Nell Brinkley's Cartoons from 1913–1940 (Fantagraphics Books, 2009) —introduction Forbidden City: The Golden Age of Chinese Nightclubs (Hampton Press, 2009) Lily Renée, Escape Artist: From Holocaust Survivor to Comic Book Pioneer (Graphic Universe, 2011) Pretty In Ink: North American Women Cartoonists 1896–2013 (Fantagraphics Books, 2013) Babes in Arms: Women in Comics During the Second World War (Hermes Press, 2017) Flapper Queens: Women Cartoonists of the Jazz Age (Fantagraphics Books, 2020) References Sources External links The Ohio State University Billy Ireland Cartoon Library & Museum: Trina Robbins Collection guide 1938 births Living people American women illustrators American illustrators Comics critics American feminists Feminist artists Feminist criticism Jewish American artists Science fiction fans Underground cartoonists Female comics writers American female comics artists Artists from the San Francisco Bay Area 21st-century American Jews 21st-century American women

<mask> was born in Brooklyn, New York, on August 17, 1938. She was one of the first female artists in the underground comix movement. <mask> has been involved in creating outlets for and promoting female comics artists. <mask> was the first woman to draw Wonder Woman comics. She is a member of the Will Eisner Hall of Fame. <mask> was an active member of the science fiction community. Her illustrations were in science fiction fanzines.<mask> contributed to the underground comic Gothic Blimp Works and her first comics were printed in the East Village Other. <mask> designed the costume for the Warren Publishing character Vampirella. She moved to San Francisco in 1970 to work at the feminist underground newspaper It Ain't Me, Babe. It Ain't Me, Babe Comix was the first all-woman comic book. <mask> became more involved in creating outlets for and promoting female comics artists, through projects such as the comics anthology Wimmen's Comix, which she was involved for twenty years. <mask>' "Sandy Comes Out" is the first-ever comic strip featuring an "out" lesbian. <mask> criticized underground comix artist Robert Crumb for his perceived sexism in many of his comics.It's weird to me that people are willing to overlook the hideous darkness in Crumb's work. <mask> created versions of Dope and The Silver Metal Lovers. She was a writer and artist for Star Comics in the 1980's. The short-lived series was a reinterpretation of the long-standing character, now an adult running her own modeling agency and minding her niece. <mask>' involvement with Wonder Woman began in 1986. The Legend of Wonder Woman, written by Kurt Busiek and drawn by <mask>, was published by DC Comics at the conclusion of the first volume of the series. <mask> was the first woman to draw Wonder Woman.The character's Golden Age roots were paid homage to in the series. She appeared in Wonder Woman Annual 2 as herself. <mask> criticized artist Mike Deodato's portrayal of Wonder Woman, calling it a "barely clothed hypersexual pinup." Wonder Woman: The Once and Future Story was a DC Comics graphic novel about the subject of spousal abuse. One of the first female private detectives in popular fiction, <mask> has written the comic book adventures of Honey West. <mask> is an author of nonfiction books on the history of women in cartooning. She and Catherine Yronwode wrote Women and the Comics, a history of female comic-strip and comic-book creators.The mainstream press covered it as one of the first books on this subject. A Century of Women Cartoonists is one of the <mask> volumes on women in the comics industry. The history of North American women in comics from Rose O'Neil's 1896 strip The Old Subscriber calls to present is covered in Pretty In Ink. Friends of Lulu was formed in 1994 to promote readership of comic books by women and the participation of women in the comic book industry. <mask> is in a film called She's Beautiful When She's Angry. <mask> was involved in the 1960s rock scene, where she was close friends with Jim Morrison and The Byrds. She is the first of three ladies in the song "Ladies of the Canyon".She ran an East Village clothing boutique called "Broccoli" in the late 1960s and made clothes for many people. She wrote a memoir called Last Girl Standing. Steve Leialoha is an artist. <mask> received an Inkpot Award at the 1977 San Diego Comic-Con. She won a Special Achievement Award from the San Diego Comic Con in 1989 for her work on Strip AIDS U.S.A., a benefit book that she co-edited with Bill Sienkiewicz and Robert Triptow. She was the guest of honor at WisCon in 1992. The Special John Buscema Haxtur Award was given to <mask> in 2002.<mask>' artwork was displayed at the Koffler Gallery in 2011. <mask> was one of six people to be in the Will Eisner Hall of Fame. The award was presented by the creator of Groo the Wanderer. The other people in the hall of fame were Lee Falk, Al Jaffee, Joe Sinnott, and Spain Rodriguez. <mask> was ranked among the best female comics creators of all-time. <mask> was selected for the hall of legends. <mask> is one of twelve women who are deserving of lifetime achievement recognition because of her contributions to the comic art form and her work as a historian.<mask>' art and art from her extensive collection of the work of classic women cartoonists was featured in the 2020 Society of Illustrators exhibit Women in Comics: Looking forward, Looking Back. At the Palazzo Merulana in Rome, Italy, it was featured in the Women in Comics exhibit. Wonder Woman: The Once and Future Story was written by Colleen Doran. The Phantom Chronicles is a writer/contributor and Girl Comics is a writer/contributor. Chapter 6 of the Comix: The Underground Revolution was published by Collins & Brown/Thunder's Mouth.

43751868

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyno

Phyno

Chibuzo Nelson Azubuike (born 9 October 1986), better known as Phyno Fino, is a Nigerian rapper, singer, songwriter and record producer. He started his music career as a producer in 2003, and is renowned for rapping in the Igbo language. His debut studio album No Guts No Glory was released in 2014. It was supported by four singles: "Ghost Mode", "Man of the Year", "Parcel" and "O Set". Phyno has worked with artists such as Olamide, Wizkid, Davido, Timaya, Flavour, Ruggedman, Bracket, J. Martins and Mr Raw. Life and music career Although a native of Anambra State, Chibuzor Nelson Azubuike was born and raised in Enugu State. His stage name, given to him by one of his high school friend, was derived from the word phenomenal. Phyno developed an interest for music production during his secondary school days. He initially wanted to become a pilot, but was told he could be a doctor. Throughout secondary school, he learned to play the drums and piano. He also learned to create his own rendition of every recording he heard. He studied public administration at the Institute of Management and Technology in Enugu, and started profiting from music during his second year there. Phyno told Ifeoma Onoye that Mr Raw is one of the few people he looks up to. Phyno started rapping in 2010 and relocated to Lagos to further his music career. Phyno began recording his debut studio album No Guts No Glory in 2012. The album features guest appearances from Stormrex, Omawumi, Olamide, Efa, P-Square, Timaya, Flavour N'abania, Mr. Raw, MI, Ice Prince and Runtown. It was primarily recorded in Igbo and Nigerian Pidgin. On 25 September 2012, he released the Olamide-assisted "Ghost Mode" as the album's lead single. It won Best Collabo at both the 2012 The Headies Awards and 2013 Nigeria Entertainment Awards. The music video for "Ghost Mode" was released on 7 December 2012. It was shot and directed in Lagos by Clarence Peters. Sputnet Records released the album's second single "Man of the Year (Obago)" on 23 March 2013. The song won Best Rap Single at the 2012 The Headies Awards. The music video for "Man of the Year (Obago)" was uploaded onto YouTube on 20 August 2013. It was also shot and directed by Clarence Peters in Abakpa Nike, and features a cameo appearance from Illbliss. In September 2013, the Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation banned the music video from being broadcast. The album's third single "Parcel" was released on 11 October 2013. It was originally titled "Parcel (a BIG Nwa)". The music video for "Parcel" was shot by Clarence Peters and released on 19 February 2014. "O Set" was released as the album's fourth single on 4 March 2014. The song was produced by WizzyPro and features vocals from P-Square. The music video for the song was directed by Jude Engees Okoye. On 22 May 2014, Phyno released the music video for "Alobam", which was directed by Clarence Peters. Produced by Major Bangz, the song is an Igbo slang for "My Guy". On 2 September 2014, Phyno released the video for his "Authe (Authentic)" song with Flavour. On 7 October 2014, he released the Major Bangz-produced "Yayo". It debuted at number 8 on the Pulse Music Video charts. The Clarence Peters-directed music video for the song premiered on 5 January 2015. Opeoluwani Akintayo of The Daily Times of Nigeria gave the video an overall rating of 8 out stars of 10, commending its use of props. Phyno's collaborative album with Olamide, titled 2 Kings, was released on 1 April 2015. Both rappers went on social media to announce plans for the album's release. In June 2013, Phyno performed for 25 minutes in Owerri as part of the Star Music Trek tour. He toured with D'banj, Burna Boy, Chidinma, Vector, Pucado, Seyi Shay, Show Dem Camp, Kay Switch and Sean Tizzle as a supporting act on the 2013 Hennessy Artistry Club Tour. He performed at the 2014 edition of the Star Music Trek tour in Nsukka, Enugu State. In November 2015, Phyno started a Festival titled Phynofest and picked the Chuba Ikpeazu stadium in Onitsha, Anambra State with an attendance of 12,000 people . The following year Phyno moved the venue of Phynofest to Nnamdi Azikwe Stadium Enugu in essence taking his festival back to the city he started his music career with an attendance of over 30,000 people featuring a star studded line up P-Square, Onyeka Owenu, Olamide, Mr Eazi, Lil Kesh, M.I, Burnaboy, Kcee, Zoro and Patoranking. In November 2017, Phyno brought Phynofest back and put together the biggest concert in Africa by an Artiste at the Nnamdi Azikwe Stadium Enugu with an attendance of over 50,000 people . He had a mouth watering line up of star acts D'banj, Yemi Alade, Timaya, Runtown, Zoro, Ycee, Flavour, Lil Kesh, Mayorkun and Duncan Mighty. In March 2019, Phyno announced plans for the release of his third studio album Deal With It. It has been supported by two singles: "Agu" and "The Bag". The album features guest appearances from Olamide, Falz, Davido, Don Jazzy, Zoro, Runtown and Teni. In July 2021, Phyno released a new single "Bia". Artistry He told the Nigerian Tribune he raps in Igbo because he respects his culture and loves being himself. Although he primarily raps in Igbo, he incorporates a bit of Nigerian Pidgin and English into his music. Phyno believes the elements of music makes it borderless. Personal life In a 2014 interview with The Punch newspaper, Phyno denied reports about impregnating a woman named Rita Edmond. Discography Studio albums No Guts No Glory (2014) The Playmaker (2016) Deal With It (2019) Something To Live For (2021) Single Never (2020) Collaborative albums 2 Kings (with Olamide) (2015) Filmography Awards and nominations MTV Africa Music Awards !Ref |- |2015 |Himself |Best Hip-hop | | Channel O Music Video Awards !Ref |- |2014 |"Alobam" |Most Gifted Hip-hop | | City People Entertainment Awards !Ref |- |rowspan="2"|2014 |Himself |Rap Artiste of the Year | |rowspan="2"| |- |No Guts No Glory |Rap Album of the Year | |- |rowspan="2"|2013 |"Ghost Mode" (featuring Olamide) |Best Collabo of the Year | |rowspan="2"| |- |Himself |Best Rap Artiste of the Year | Nigeria Entertainment Awards !Ref |- |2014 |rowspan="2"|Himself |Best Rap Act of the Year | | |- |rowspan="2"|2013 |Best Rap Act of the Year | | |- |"Ghost Mode" (featuring Olamide) |Best Collabo | | African Muzik Magazine Awards !Ref |- |rowspan="2"|2013 |rowspan="2"|Himself |Best Newcomer | |rowspan="2"| |- |Best Rap Act | Nigeria Music Video Awards (NMVA) !Ref |- |2013 |"Man of the Year" |Best Afro Hip Hop Video | | The Headies !Ref |- |rowspan="6"|2014 |Himself |Artiste of the Year | |rowspan="6"| |- |Phyno for "Alobam" |Best Street-Hop Artiste | |- |rowspan="2"|No Guts No Glory |Best Rap Album | |- |Album of the Year | |- |"Parcel" |rowspan="2"|Best Rap Single | |- |"Dope Money" (Olamide featuring Phyno) | |- |rowspan="7"|2013 |rowspan="2"|Himself |Next Rated | |rowspan="2"| |- |Lyricist on the Roll | |- |"Ghost Mode" (featuring Olamide) |rowspan="2"|Best Collabo | | |- |"Ezioku" (Lynxxx featuring Ikechukwu, Illbliss, and Phyno) | | |- |"Man of the Year" |rowspan="3"|Best Rap Single | | |- |"Anam Achi Kwanu" (Illbliss featuring Phyno) | |rowspan="2"| |- |"Ghost Mode" (featuring Olamide) | |- |rowspan="2"|2012 |"Shutdown" |Best Rap Single | |rowspan="2"| |- |Phyno (for "Shutdown") |Lyricist on the Roll | Net Honours See also List of Nigerian rappers List of Nigerian musicians References Living people Nigerian male rappers Igbo rappers Musicians from Enugu State The Headies winners Nigerian hip hop record producers 1986 births

Chibuzo Nelson Azubuike (born 9 October 1986), better known as <mask>, is a Nigerian rapper, singer, songwriter and record producer. He started his music career as a producer in 2003, and is renowned for rapping in the Igbo language. His debut studio album No Guts No Glory was released in 2014. It was supported by four singles: "Ghost Mode", "Man of the Year", "Parcel" and "O Set". Phyno has worked with artists such as Olamide, Wizkid, Davido, Timaya, Flavour, Ruggedman, Bracket, J. Martins and Mr Raw. Life and music career Although a native of Anambra State, Chibuzor Nelson Azubuike was born and raised in Enugu State. His stage name, given to him by one of his high school friend, was derived from the word phenomenal.Phyno developed an interest for music production during his secondary school days. He initially wanted to become a pilot, but was told he could be a doctor. Throughout secondary school, he learned to play the drums and piano. He also learned to create his own rendition of every recording he heard. He studied public administration at the Institute of Management and Technology in Enugu, and started profiting from music during his second year there. Phyno told Ifeoma Onoye that Mr Raw is one of the few people he looks up to. Phyno started rapping in 2010 and relocated to Lagos to further his music career.<mask> began recording his debut studio album No Guts No Glory in 2012. The album features guest appearances from Stormrex, Omawumi, Olamide, Efa, P-Square, Timaya, Flavour N'abania, Mr. Raw, MI, Ice Prince and Runtown. It was primarily recorded in Igbo and Nigerian Pidgin. On 25 September 2012, he released the Olamide-assisted "Ghost Mode" as the album's lead single. It won Best Collabo at both the 2012 The Headies Awards and 2013 Nigeria Entertainment Awards. The music video for "Ghost Mode" was released on 7 December 2012.It was shot and directed in Lagos by Clarence Peters. Sputnet Records released the album's second single "Man of the Year (Obago)" on 23 March 2013. The song won Best Rap Single at the 2012 The Headies Awards. The music video for "Man of the Year (Obago)" was uploaded onto YouTube on 20 August 2013. It was also shot and directed by Clarence Peters in Abakpa Nike, and features a cameo appearance from Illbliss. In September 2013, the Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation banned the music video from being broadcast. The album's third single "Parcel" was released on 11 October 2013.It was originally titled "Parcel (a BIG Nwa)". The music video for "Parcel" was shot by Clarence Peters and released on 19 February 2014. "O Set" was released as the album's fourth single on 4 March 2014. The song was produced by WizzyPro and features vocals from P-Square. The music video for the song was directed by Jude Engees Okoye. On 22 May 2014, Phyno released the music video for "Alobam", which was directed by Clarence Peters. Produced by Major Bangz, the song is an Igbo slang for "My Guy".On 2 September 2014, <mask> released the video for his "Authe (Authentic)" song with Flavour. On 7 October 2014, he released the Major Bangz-produced "Yayo". It debuted at number 8 on the Pulse Music Video charts. The Clarence Peters-directed music video for the song premiered on 5 January 2015. Opeoluwani Akintayo of The Daily Times of Nigeria gave the video an overall rating of 8 out stars of 10, commending its use of props. Phyno's collaborative album with Olamide, titled 2 Kings, was released on 1 April 2015. Both rappers went on social media to announce plans for the album's release.In June 2013, Phyno performed for 25 minutes in Owerri as part of the Star Music Trek tour. He toured with D'banj, Burna Boy, Chidinma, Vector, Pucado, Seyi Shay, Show Dem Camp, Kay Switch and Sean Tizzle as a supporting act on the 2013 Hennessy Artistry Club Tour. He performed at the 2014 edition of the Star Music Trek tour in Nsukka, Enugu State. In November 2015, Phyno started a Festival titled Phynofest and picked the Chuba Ikpeazu stadium in Onitsha, Anambra State with an attendance of 12,000 people . The following year Phyno moved the venue of Phynofest to Nnamdi Azikwe Stadium Enugu in essence taking his festival back to the city he started his music career with an attendance of over 30,000 people featuring a star studded line up P-Square, Onyeka Owenu, Olamide, Mr Eazi, Lil Kesh, M.I, Burnaboy, Kcee, Zoro and Patoranking. In November 2017, Phyno brought Phynofest back and put together the biggest concert in Africa by an Artiste at the Nnamdi Azikwe Stadium Enugu with an attendance of over 50,000 people . He had a mouth watering line up of star acts D'banj, Yemi Alade, Timaya, Runtown, Zoro, Ycee, Flavour, Lil Kesh, Mayorkun and Duncan Mighty.In March 2019, <mask> announced plans for the release of his third studio album Deal With It. It has been supported by two singles: "Agu" and "The Bag". The album features guest appearances from Olamide, Falz, Davido, Don Jazzy, Zoro, Runtown and Teni. In July 2021, Phyno released a new single "Bia". Artistry He told the Nigerian Tribune he raps in Igbo because he respects his culture and loves being himself. Although he primarily raps in Igbo, he incorporates a bit of Nigerian Pidgin and English into his music. Phyno believes the elements of music makes it borderless.Personal life In a 2014 interview with The Punch newspaper, Phyno denied reports about impregnating a woman named Rita Edmond.

Chibuzo Nelson Azubuike, better known as <mask>, is a Nigerian rapper, singer, and record producer. He started his music career as a producer and is known for his rhymes in the Igbo language. No Guts No Glory was his first studio album. Four singles were supported: "Ghost Mode", "Man of the Year", "Parcel" and "O Set". Olamide, Davido, Flavour, Ruggedman, J. Martins and Mr Raw are some of the artists that have worked with Phyno. Chibuzor Nelson Azubuike was born and raised in Enugu State. One of his high school friends gave him a stage name that was derived from the word phenomenal.He had an interest in music production when he was in secondary school. He wanted to be a pilot, but was told he could be a doctor. He learned to play the drums and piano in secondary school. He was able to create his own version of every recording he heard. During his second year at the Institute of Management and Technology, he started making money from music. He told Ifeoma Onoye that Mr Raw is one of the few people he looks up to. He relocated to Lagos in order to further his music career.No Guts No Glory was recorded in 2012 by Phyno. The album has guest appearances from Stormrex, Omawumi, Olamide, P-Square, Timaya and Mr. Ice Prince and Runtown. It was mostly recorded in Nigerian Pidgin. "Ghost Mode" was released as the album's lead single. It was the winner of the Best Collabo at both the Headies Awards and the Nigeria Entertainment Awards. The music video for "Ghost Mode" was released in December of 2012Clarence Peters shot and directed it. The album's second single "Man of the Year (Obago)" was released by Sputnet Records. At the 2012 The Headies Awards, the song won Best Rap Single. The music video for "Man of the Year" was uploaded on August 20. It was directed by Clarence Peters and shot in Abakpa Nike. The music video was banned by the Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation. "Parcel" was the third single of the album.It was renamed "Parcel (a big Nwa)". Clarence Peters shot the music video for "Parcel". "O Set" was the fourth single of the album. The song features vocals from P-Square. Jude Okoye directed the music video. Clarence Peters directed the music video for "Alobam". The song is called "My Guy".The video for "Authe (Authentic)" was released on 2 September. He released "Yayo" on 7 October. It was number 8 on the music video charts. The music video for the song was directed by Clarence Peters. The Daily Times of Nigeria gave the video an overall rating of 8 out of 10, commending its use of props. 2 Kings, a collaborative album with Olamide, was released on April 1, 2015. The album's release was announced on social media by both rappers.As part of the Star Music Trek tour, <mask> performed for 25 minutes in Owerri. He toured with D'banj, Burna Boy, Chidinma, Vector, Pucado, Seyi Shay, Show Dem Camp, Kay Switch and Sean Tizzle as a supporting act. He performed at the Star Music Trek tour in Nsukka. There was an attendance of 12,000 people at the Chuba Ikpeazu stadium in Onitsha, which was chosen as the location for the festival. After moving the venue of his festival to Nnamdi Azikwe Stadium, he started his music career with an attendance of over 30,000 people featuring a star studded line up of P-Square and Onyeka Owenu. In November of last year, the biggest concert in Africa by an artiste was held at the Nnamdi Azikwe Stadium Enugu with an attendance of over 50,000 people. He had a mouth watering line up of star acts.Deal With It will be the third studio album by Phyno. "Agu" and "The Bag" have supported it. The album has guest appearances from Olamide, Falz, Davido, Don Jazzy, Zoro, Runtown and Teni. "Bia" was released in July of 2021. He raps in the Nigerian Tribune because he loves being himself and respects his culture. He incorporates a bit of Nigerian Pidgin and English into his music. The elements of music make it borderless.In an interview with The Punch newspaper, Phyno denied reports about having a child.

4081126

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Lang

Thomas Lang

Thomas Lang (; born 5 August 1967) is an Austrian drummer, multi-instrumentalist, composer and record producer. He is the founding member of the Los Angeles-based progressive/avant garde metal band stOrk and is known for his international session work on a wide variety of genres such as rock, pop, jazz, and heavy metal with artists such as Robert Fripp, Peter Gabriel, Robbie Williams and Sugababes, among many others. He is married to music publicist, Elizabeth Lang. Peter Wildoer described Lang as a "drummer's drummer", and Mike Portnoy cited Lang as a drummer he "can't replicate". Biography Thomas Lang, a native of Stockerau/Austria took up drumming at the age of 5. In addition to lessons at local music schools and years of private tuition, he was classically trained at the Vienna Conservatory of Music. After leaving the conservatory in 1985, Lang began working professionally, working his way through the European pop, rock and jazz scenes. After leaving Vienna for London/England in 1990 Thomas started working his way through the global music scene. As a session musician he has played for artists such as Paul Gilbert (Racer X/Mr. Big) John Wetton (Asia/King Crimson), Robert Fripp, Glenn Hughes (Deep Purple), Peter Gabriel, Asia, Nik Kershaw, Tina Turner, Robbie Williams, Kelly Clarkson, Sugababes, Geri Halliwell, Emma Bunton, Victoria Beckham, Ronan Keating, Steve Hackett (Genesis), 911, Boyzone, Falco, Nina Hagen, Bill Liesegang, Steve Jones, Mick Jones, the Commodores, George Michael, Doogie White, B*Witched, Gianna Nannini, Lighthouse Family, Westlife, Kylie Minogue, the Blockheads, Sertab Erener, Schwarzenator, Vinnie Valentino, Page Hamilton (Helmet), Marc Bonilla (Montrose), Greg Howe, Jens Lindemann, Vienna Art Orchestra, Bonnie Tyler and Nadine Beiler. In 1995, Lang released his debut solo project, Mediator, which topped the charts in Europe and garnered positive reviews. He has since released multiple solo albums and collaborations including Save The Robots, Something Along Those Lines (2002), Yumaflex (2008), StOrk (2009), StOrk “Broken Pieces” (2013), Terabite (2010), Chumash (2011), Robo Sapiens (2018) and Progpop (2019). Educator/Author Lang’s original practice-regime eventually became the basis for his 2-part series of instructional videos Ultimatives Schlagzeug Part I and II, which were originally released in 1995. These videos were re-released in 2004 by Hudson Music. In 2003, Lang released the instructional DVD and book “Creative Control”. In November 2006 Lang released the DVD and book “Creative Coordination And Advanced Foot Techniques”. The DVD and book are based around multi-pedal orchestrations, independence, sheer power and advanced foot technique. In 2007, Lang launched the Thomas Lang Drumming Boot Camp, a multi-day touring, educational drumming experience that he has hosted in various locations around the world including London, Los Angeles, New York, Berlin, Austria and Finland, among others. Lang has since taken this award-winning educational concept to 35 countries and has hosted more than 120 of these camps worldwide. In 2011, Lang launched the annual Los Angeles-based camp “The Big Drum Bonanza” and started the “Big Drum Bonanza Theme Song Play-Along Contest”. "The Big Drum Bonanza" is a five-day, multi-drummer festival that has featured guest artists like Virgil Donati, Stanton Moore, Chris Coleman, Dave Elitch, Kenny Aronoff, George Kollias, and Jeff Hamilton, among others. He was one of the seven drummers who auditioned to replace Mike Portnoy in Dream Theater. Thomas is a frequent guest tutor at universities, drum seminars and drum camps all over the world. Lang also owns an online drum school "Thomas Lang's Drum Universe" and is the president of the International Percussion Association (IPA). Lang also plays keyboards, bass and guitar. He currently resides in Los Angeles, California. Solo Performer/Clinician In 2004, Lang completed the largest drum clinic tour the world had ever seen (220 clinics in 48 countries). Lang has appeared multiple times at the most prestigious drum festivals on the planet over the past 20 years, including the Modern Drummer Festival, Australia’s Ultimate Drummer’s Weekend, PASIC, DRUM Night, Laguna Beach Drum Fest, La Roja Drum Festival, The Meinl Drum Festival, The Ultimate Drum Experience, Seoul Drum Fest, Sacheon Drum Fest, Opole Drum Festival. Selected Discography Willi Langer – Colours of the Octopus (1993) Willi Langer – Signs of Life Thomas Lang – Mediator (1995) Billy Liesegang – No Strings Attached (1996) John Wetton – Live at the Progfest L.A. (1997) John Wetton – Arkangel (1997) John Wetton – Live in Tokyo (1998) B*Witched – Jump Up Jump Down Live (2000) Vienna Art Orchestra – Songs and other Adventures Vienna Art Orchestra – Art and Fun(2002) John Wetton – Live in Argentina (2003) Thomas Lang – Creative Control (2003) Thomas Lang – Creative Coordination (2006) Thomas Lang – Something Along Those Lines (2007) Thomas Lang/Conrad Schrenk - Yumaflex (2008) stOrk – stOrk (2011) Paul Gilbert – Vibrato (2012) stOrk – Broken Pieces (2014) Bastian – Among My Giants (2015) Eric Gillette – The Great Unknown (2016) Paul Gilbert - I Can Destroy (2016) Ostura - The Room (2018) Arch Matheos - Winter Ethereal (2019) Thomas Lang – ProgPop (2019) 2018 Equipment “My signature sticks – since I’ve had those I’ve felt really comfortable with my playing – that’s one less worry. I really feel that they are perfect for me and my style of playing. Also, my signature cymbals – a lot of signature products are basically tools that make playing easier for me as well as more enjoyable.” Thomas has been an endorser of DW Drums since 2009. He uses Meinl Cymbals, including his own signature Fast Hi Hats, Generation X Filter Chinas, Custom Classics Super Stack and an array of Generation X crash cymbals. He has a Vic Firth signature drumstick. He also endorses Remo drumheads, Roland V-Drums & Electronics, Ahead Armour Cases, Puresound Snare Wires, Audix Microphones, Hansenfutz practice pedals, Drumtacs mufflers and Tuner Fish lug locks. Drums Drum Workshop Maple Mahogany in Solid Black Lacquer Custom finish with Black Nickel hardware and LUX leather bass drum hoops. 1× 24″ × 14″ Bass Drum 1× 20″ × 16″ Gong Drum 1× 14″ × 14″ Snom 1× 10″ × 5″ 10+6 Maple Snare Drum on STM Suspension Mount 1× 12″ × 6.5″ Snare Drum 1× 10″ × 5,5″ MT1055 Snare Drum 4x 6” Maple Rata Toms (sometimes substituted for Design Series Piccolo Toms) Hardware 1× MCD Double Bass Drum Pedal 2× MCD Hi Hat (no legs) 1× 5000 series Snare Drum Stand 4× 9000 series Boom Cymbal Stands 1× 9000 series Drum Throne with 15” seat 1× X Hat with clamp 2× Boom cymbal holders & Multi Clamps 1× Meinl 18” Percussion Table 1× TL Custom DW Rata Tom/Pedal rack 1x DWSM2141X Hi Hat to Bass Drum Clamp Drumheads Remo Emperor Clear on Snare Drums & Snom Remo Powerstroke 3 Clear on Bass Drum Remo Emperor Clear or CS Dot Clear on Rata Toms DW Coated Clear on Gong Drum Awards 1999: Best Studio Drummer (Rhythm magazine) 2001: Best Studio Drummer (Rhythm magazine) 2002: Best Pop Drummer, Best all-around drummer (Rhythm magazine) 2002: Best Drummer (Drums and Percussion magazine) 2003: Best Clinician (Modern Drummer magazine) 2004: Best DVD, Best clinician runner up, Best drummer runner-up (Modern Drummer magazine) 2004: Best DVD, Best new signature product, Best drummer (Drummer magazine) 2004: Best Studio Drummer (Rhythm magazine) 2004: Best Recorded Drum Performance (Sticks magazine) 2005: Best Pop Drummer, Best Clinician, Best Solo Drum Performance (Rhythm magazine) 2005: Best DVD, Best All Around drummer, Best Drum Event (Drummer magazine) 2005: Best Drum Clinician, Best Drumming Video/DVD (Drum! Magazine) 2006: Best DVD, Best drummer (Rhythm magazine) 2007: Best DVD, Best drummer (Rhythm magazine, Modern drummer Magazine) 2007: Aurora Gold Award (Best Video Production) 2007: Best Clinician (Modern Drummer magazine) 2008: Best Educator/Clinician (Modern Drummer Magazine) 2008: Best Clinician (Drum! Magazine) 2015: Best Educator/Clinician (Modern Drummer Magazine) 2016: Best Educator/Clinician (Modern Drummer Magazine) 2016: Best Drum Clinician/Educator (Rhythm Magazine) 2017: Best Educator/Clinician (Modern Drummer Magazine) 2018: Best Educator/Clinician (Modern Drummer Magazine) Influences Lang cites Ian Paice, Stewart Copeland, Vinnie Colaiuta, Tony Williams, Ringo Starr, Buddy Rich, John Bonham, Phil Rudd, Alphonse Mouzon, Lenny White, Billy Cobham, Peter Erskine, Omar Hakim, Max Roach, Jack DeJohnette as some of his major influences. See also List of drummers References External links Thomas Lang on Drummerworld 2013 Audio Interview with Thomas Lang from the podcast I'd Hit That 1967 births Living people Austrian drummers Male drummers Musicians from Vienna Jazz drummers Heavy metal drummers Rock drummers Austrian session musicians Multi-instrumentalists Austrian songwriters Male songwriters Austrian record producers Progressive rock musicians 20th-century Austrian musicians 20th-century Austrian male musicians 21st-century Austrian musicians StOrk members 21st-century male musicians Male jazz musicians Vienna Art Orchestra members Austrian heavy metal musicians

<mask> (; born 5 August 1967) is an Austrian drummer, multi-instrumentalist, composer and record producer. He is the founding member of the Los Angeles-based progressive/avant garde metal band stOrk and is known for his international session work on a wide variety of genres such as rock, pop, jazz, and heavy metal with artists such as Robert Fripp, Peter Gabriel, Robbie Williams and Sugababes, among many others. He is married to music publicist, <mask>. Peter Wildoer described <mask> as a "drummer's drummer", and Mike Portnoy cited <mask> as a drummer he "can't replicate". Biography <mask>, a native of Stockerau/Austria took up drumming at the age of 5. In addition to lessons at local music schools and years of private tuition, he was classically trained at the Vienna Conservatory of Music. After leaving the conservatory in 1985, <mask> began working professionally, working his way through the European pop, rock and jazz scenes.After leaving Vienna for London/England in 1990 <mask> started working his way through the global music scene. As a session musician he has played for artists such as Paul Gilbert (Racer X/Mr. Big) John Wetton (Asia/King Crimson), Robert Fripp, Glenn Hughes (Deep Purple), Peter Gabriel, Asia, Nik Kershaw, Tina Turner, Robbie Williams, Kelly Clarkson, Sugababes, Geri Halliwell, Emma Bunton, Victoria Beckham, Ronan Keating, Steve Hackett (Genesis), 911, Boyzone, Falco, Nina Hagen, Bill Liesegang, Steve Jones, Mick Jones, the Commodores, George Michael, Doogie White, B*Witched, Gianna Nannini, Lighthouse Family, Westlife, Kylie Minogue, the Blockheads, Sertab Erener, Schwarzenator, Vinnie Valentino, Page Hamilton (Helmet), Marc Bonilla (Montrose), Greg Howe, Jens Lindemann, Vienna Art Orchestra, Bonnie Tyler and Nadine Beiler. In 1995, <mask> released his debut solo project, Mediator, which topped the charts in Europe and garnered positive reviews. He has since released multiple solo albums and collaborations including Save The Robots, Something Along Those Lines (2002), Yumaflex (2008), StOrk (2009), StOrk “Broken Pieces” (2013), Terabite (2010), Chumash (2011), Robo Sapiens (2018) and Progpop (2019). Educator/Author <mask>’s original practice-regime eventually became the basis for his 2-part series of instructional videos Ultimatives Schlagzeug Part I and II, which were originally released in 1995. These videos were re-released in 2004 by Hudson Music.In 2003, <mask> released the instructional DVD and book “Creative Control”. In November 2006 <mask> released the DVD and book “Creative Coordination And Advanced Foot Techniques”. The DVD and book are based around multi-pedal orchestrations, independence, sheer power and advanced foot technique. In 2007, <mask> launched the Thomas Lang Drumming Boot Camp, a multi-day touring, educational drumming experience that he has hosted in various locations around the world including London, Los Angeles, New York, Berlin, Austria and Finland, among others. <mask> has since taken this award-winning educational concept to 35 countries and has hosted more than 120 of these camps worldwide. In 2011, <mask> launched the annual Los Angeles-based camp “The Big Drum Bonanza” and started the “Big Drum Bonanza Theme Song Play-Along Contest”. "The Big Drum Bonanza" is a five-day, multi-drummer festival that has featured guest artists like Virgil Donati, Stanton Moore, Chris Coleman, Dave Elitch, Kenny Aronoff, George Kollias, and Jeff Hamilton, among others.He was one of the seven drummers who auditioned to replace Mike Portnoy in Dream Theater. <mask> is a frequent guest tutor at universities, drum seminars and drum camps all over the world. <mask> also owns an online drum school "<mask>'s Drum Universe" and is the president of the International Percussion Association (IPA). <mask> also plays keyboards, bass and guitar. He currently resides in Los Angeles, California. Solo Performer/Clinician In 2004, <mask> completed the largest drum clinic tour the world had ever seen (220 clinics in 48 countries). <mask> has appeared multiple times at the most prestigious drum festivals on the planet over the past 20 years, including the Modern Drummer Festival, Australia’s Ultimate Drummer’s Weekend, PASIC, DRUM Night, Laguna Beach Drum Fest, La Roja Drum Festival, The Meinl Drum Festival, The Ultimate Drum Experience, Seoul Drum Fest, Sacheon Drum Fest, Opole Drum Festival.Selected Discography Willi <mask> – Colours of the Octopus (1993) Willi <mask> – Signs of Life <mask> – Mediator (1995) Billy Liesegang – No Strings Attached (1996) John Wetton – Live at the Progfest L.A. (1997) John Wetton – Arkangel (1997) John Wetton – Live in Tokyo (1998) B*Witched – Jump Up Jump Down Live (2000) Vienna Art Orchestra – Songs and other Adventures Vienna Art Orchestra – Art and Fun(2002) John Wetton – Live in Argentina (2003) <mask> – Creative Control (2003) <mask> – Creative Coordination (2006) <mask> – Something Along Those Lines (2007) <mask>/Conrad Schrenk - Yumaflex (2008) stOrk – stOrk (2011) Paul Gilbert – Vibrato (2012) stOrk – Broken Pieces (2014) Bastian – Among My Giants (2015) Eric Gillette – The Great Unknown (2016) Paul Gilbert - I Can Destroy (2016) Ostura - The Room (2018) Arch Matheos - Winter Ethereal (2019) <mask> – ProgPop (2019) 2018 Equipment “My signature sticks – since I’ve had those I’ve felt really comfortable with my playing – that’s one less worry. I really feel that they are perfect for me and my style of playing. Also, my signature cymbals – a lot of signature products are basically tools that make playing easier for me as well as more enjoyable.” <mask> has been an endorser of DW Drums since 2009. He uses Meinl Cymbals, including his own signature Fast Hi Hats, Generation X Filter Chinas, Custom Classics Super Stack and an array of Generation X crash cymbals. He has a Vic Firth signature drumstick. He also endorses Remo drumheads, Roland V-Drums & Electronics, Ahead Armour Cases, Puresound Snare Wires, Audix Microphones, Hansenfutz practice pedals, Drumtacs mufflers and Tuner Fish lug locks. Drums Drum Workshop Maple Mahogany in Solid Black Lacquer Custom finish with Black Nickel hardware and LUX leather bass drum hoops.Magazine) 2006: Best DVD, Best drummer (Rhythm magazine) 2007: Best DVD, Best drummer (Rhythm magazine, Modern drummer Magazine) 2007: Aurora Gold Award (Best Video Production) 2007: Best Clinician (Modern Drummer magazine) 2008: Best Educator/Clinician (Modern Drummer Magazine) 2008: Best Clinician (Drum! Magazine) 2015: Best Educator/Clinician (Modern Drummer Magazine) 2016: Best Educator/Clinician (Modern Drummer Magazine) 2016: Best Drum Clinician/Educator (Rhythm Magazine) 2017: Best Educator/Clinician (Modern Drummer Magazine) 2018: Best Educator/Clinician (Modern Drummer Magazine) Influences <mask> cites Ian Paice, Stewart Copeland, Vinnie Colaiuta, Tony Williams, Ringo Starr, Buddy Rich, John Bonham, Phil Rudd, Alphonse Mouzon, Lenny White, Billy Cobham, Peter Erskine, Omar Hakim, Max Roach, Jack DeJohnette as some of his major influences. See also List of drummers References External links <mask> on Drummerworld 2013 Audio Interview with <mask> from the podcast I'd Hit That 1967 births Living people Austrian drummers Male drummers Musicians from Vienna Jazz drummers Heavy metal drummers Rock drummers Austrian session musicians Multi-instrumentalists Austrian songwriters Male songwriters Austrian record producers Progressive rock musicians 20th-century Austrian musicians 20th-century Austrian male musicians 21st-century Austrian musicians StOrk members 21st-century male musicians Male jazz musicians Vienna Art Orchestra members Austrian heavy metal musicians

<mask> is an Austrian drummer, multi-instrumentalist, composer and record producer. He is the founding member of the Los Angeles-based progressive/avant garde metal band stOrk and is known for his international session work on a wide variety of genres such as rock, pop, jazz, and heavy metal with artists such as Robert Fripp, Peter Gabriel, and He is married to a publicist. <mask> was described as a "drummer's drummer" by Peter Wildoer. At the age of 5, <mask> started drumming. He had years of private tuition and was classically trained at the Vienna Conservatory of Music. <mask> worked his way through the European pop, rock and jazz scenes after leaving the conservatories.<mask> moved to London/England in 1990 and started working in the music scene. He has played for artists such as Paul Gilbert. Big are John Wetton, Robert Fripp, Glenn Hughes, Peter Gabriel, Asia, and Tina Turner. <mask>'s debut solo project, Mediator, topped the charts in Europe and received positive reviews. He has released a number of solo albums and collaborations. <mask>'s original practice-regime became the basis for his 2-part series of instructional videos, which were originally released in 1995. Hudson Music re-released these videos in 2004.The instructional DVD and book were released in 2003 by <mask>. <mask> released a DVD and book in November of 2006 The DVD and book are based on advanced foot techniques. In 2007, <mask> launched the Thomas Lang Drumming Boot Camp, a multi-day touring, educational drumming experience that he has hosted in various locations around the world. <mask> has hosted more than 120 of these camps around the world. <mask> launched the annual Los Angeles-based camp "The Big Drum Bonanza" in 2011. "The Big Drum Bonanza" is a five-day, multi-drummer festival that has featured guest artists like Chris Coleman, Dave Elitch, Kenny Aronoff, George Kollias, and Jeff Hamilton.He was one of seven drummers who were auditioning to play in Dream Theater. <mask> is often a guest tutor at drum seminars and drum camps around the world. <mask> is the president of theIPA and owns an online drum school. <mask> plays a lot of instruments. He lives in Los Angeles. <mask> completed the largest drum clinic tour in the world in 2004. <mask> has appeared multiple times at the most prestigious drum festivals on the planet over the past 20 years.Willi <mask>, <mask>, Billy Liesegang, and John Wetton all have discs. They are perfect for me and my style of playing. A lot of my signature cymbals are tools that make playing easier for me as well as more enjoyable. He uses a variety of cymbals, including his own signature Fast Hi Hats, Generation X Filter Chinas, Custom Classics Super Stack, and an array of Generation X crash cymbals. He has a drumstick. He endorsed Remo drumheads,Roland V-Drums & Electronics, Ahead Armour Cases, Puresound Snare Wires, Audix Microphones, and Drumtacs mufflers. A custom finish with black lacquer, black nickel hardware, and leather bass drum hoops can be found in the drums drum workshop.The Best DVD, Best drummer, and Best Clinician were given in the same year. Best Drum Clinician/Educator (Rhythm Magazine) 2017: Best Educator/Clinician (Modern Drummer Magazine) There are links to a list of drummers.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Christian%20%28cricketer%29

Arthur Christian (cricketer)

Arthur Christian (22 January 1877 – 8 September 1950) was an Australian cricketer. He was an allrounder who batted left-handed and bowled left armed slow-medium, able to have the ball break both ways. He was a prominent club cricketer in Victoria, also representing the state in first-class cricket, and later moved to Western Australia where he also played both club and state cricket and became the leading all-rounder in the state. After retiring he coached at public schools, served on the W.A.C.A. executive and as a W.A. selector, and wrote for a newspaper. Cricket career He began his cricket career in 1896 playing for East Melbourne Cricket Club, initially playing for their Second XI side but making the First XI by 1897. He played seven first-class cricket matches for Victoria between 1904 and 1906, with a highlight of his career for the state being a score of 98 made in 80 minutes against New South Wales. He left Victoria to move to Western Australia in May 1906 as he had secured a position on the goldfields in his career as an assayist and metallurgist. As of September 1906 Christian was training for cricket in Western Australia for the Kamballie Club, and he represented them in the Potts Shield in October. By December he was playing for Burbanks. In 1907 he represented Western Australia against New South Wales, and the opposition captain described him as the best of the West Australian bowlers praising his length and variation of pace. In October Christian played in a three day cricket match between a team representing the goldfields and one representing the coastal districts. Later in October 1907, Arthur was the only goldfields cricketer selected to represent West Australia in a tour game against the Marylebone Cricket Club which was part of the 1907-08 Ashes tour. He took five wickets and batted at five in the first innings scoring 3 and opened in the second innings scoring 15. West Australia losing by an innings. English captain Arthur Jones praised his bowling, expressing that he was likely to improve, and also noted he thought him a capable batsman. In November 1907 Christian moved from the rural goldfields to Perth as he had secured a job with a leading sporting firm, Alcock & Co., and he also joined the Corinthian cricket club, and played his first match for them against Subiaco on 16 November in which he took 5 for 73. In March 1908 Christian was selected to represent Western Australia against the M.C.C. again in the last match of the 1907-08 Ashes tour, and one report called for him to be made captain. He did not captain but did take 3 wickets for 130 runs which included bowling Jack Hobbs, who dragged the ball onto his stumps, in the M.C.C.s only innings with the match ending in a draw. By the end of his first club season for Corinthians in 1908 Arthur had topped both the batting and bowling averages, averaging 36.77 with the bat and 11.46 with the ball. He was also named honorary coach of junior players for the club at the Corinthians annual meeting in August 1908. In September 1908 Christian left Alcock & Co. and opened his own sports store called the Perth Sports Depot, with advertising for the new store emphasizing his role in selecting the stock and his reputation as a cricketer. Early advertising targeted cricket clubs as potential clients, and he offered one of the stores bats as a trophy for a local cricket competition. As of October 1908 Arthur had been appointed as Captain of Corinthians for the upcoming club season. Christian had a strong season in club cricket in 1908-09. In the second match of the season, played against Subiaco, he took 3 for 21, 4 for 33, and scored 143 in Corinthians only innings batting. In the third match against West Perth he took 8 for 20 and 4 for 31, also taking a hattrick, and scored 61. In a match against Fremantle Christian criticized the opposition for unsportsmanlike behavior due to an incident where the North Fremantle wicket keeper was hit in the body by the ball and hurt, and Christian's batting partner was run out after leaving his crease to check the keepers well-being. By February 1909 Corinthians was leading the competition and a report credited their success to Christian's allround abilities. By March he had taken 100 wickets at an average of 7.1 in the club season. Corinthians were ultimately premiers of the 1908-09 club cricket season. In April 1909 Christian was selected to captain West Australia against South Australia. In the first interstate game he won the toss and took 5 for 67 in one innings, but the match was drawn. In total South Australia played three games against the West and Christian took 25 out of WA's 46 wickets at an average of 17 in the series. All three games in the series were drawn. One series report noted Christian's performances as an all-rounder were the most notable events in each game. Some of the South Australian players said they thought Christian would have been selected for the 1909 Ashes had he still been playing in Victoria. In 1909 some comments from Christian were published in a Victorian newspaper in which he expressed the opinion that Western Australian wickets were not as good as those in the eastern states and that there were too many clubs competing in WA club cricket, although he positively noted that there were plans to divide the club competition into two grades for the 1909-10 season. The interview was reprinted in a Western Australian newspaper with the headline "Western Australian cricket criticised by Arthur Christian". By November 1909 he was being referred to as about the best all-round cricketer in West Australia. Christian was re-elected as captain of Corinthians for the 1909-10 club cricket season. In the fourth round he scored 135 not out against South Fremantle, although he was dropped three times. In the same match he also took 8 for 26. In the first match after the Christmas break in the season he took 7 for 26 against Henley Park. By February 1910 he had taken over 60 wickets at an average close to 8 in the season, but after his century his batting had been poor. By the end of the season he had taken 68 wickets at an average of 8.89 and also topped the batting averages for Corinthians, making it the third straight season he had topped both batting and bowling averages for the club. Corinthians merged with the East Perth football club at the end of the 1910 season and played under the name East Perth from the next season. In March 1910 Christian was selected as captain of West Australia for a series of games against Victoria. In November 1910 Christian provided a plan for improving the standard of Western Australian cricket to a local paper. Due to the remoteness of the state he argued that interstate matches could not be frequent, and that instead intrastate matches between sides representing the metropolitan, goldfield, and south-west regions of the state should be regularly played. He also again expressed that there were too many clubs competing in club cricket and stated that they should be separated into different grades. Also in November it was rumored that Christian may be selected to represent Australia against South Africa in the home series, and a newspaper report ranked him as among the top six all-rounders in the country. In December he was serving on the selection committee for a coastal team which was to play a goldfields team but he had to resign due to business commitments before the game. In January 1911 Christian captained East Perth in a novelty match against the Eumarella women's cricket team, where the men had to bat, bowl, and field with their wrong hand and every misfield resulted in two runs being awarded to Eumarella. In the early 1911 grade season the competition was split into two grades, and Christian had the best bowling average in the A grade competition season at 8.16, the most wickets with 92, and also scored 600 runs at an average of 33.05 in addition to captaining East Perth A team to the premiership. In October 1911 he changed teams, moving to North Perth, due to a new district system being introduced to revitalize grade cricket with him falling in the North Perth division. He scored a 122 in 35 minutes and took 6 for 11 in a match for North Perth in the opening game of the season in October 1911. Statistics In his state career Christian played 24 first-class matches. He scored 960 runs at an average of 22.85 with 6 fifties and took 15 catches, and took 102 wickets at an average of 24.43 with 6 five wicket hauls and 2 ten wicket hauls. Of these 793 runs and 82 wickets were scored/taken for Western Australia. In his Victorian club career he scored 2509 runs at an average of 30 with a high score of 145 not out, and took 255 wickets at an average of 13.8. In his Western Australian club career he scored 6655 runs at an average of 38.3 and took 995 wickets at an average of 8.6, taking over 100 wickets in a season twice. See also List of Victoria first-class cricketers List of Western Australia first-class cricketers References External links 1877 births 1950 deaths Australian cricketers Victoria cricketers Western Australia cricketers Cricketers from Melbourne

<mask> (22 January 1877 – 8 September 1950) was an Australian cricketer. He was an allrounder who batted left-handed and bowled left armed slow-medium, able to have the ball break both ways. He was a prominent club cricketer in Victoria, also representing the state in first-class cricket, and later moved to Western Australia where he also played both club and state cricket and became the leading all-rounder in the state. After retiring he coached at public schools, served on the W.A.C.A. executive and as a W.A. selector, and wrote for a newspaper. Cricket career He began his cricket career in 1896 playing for East Melbourne Cricket Club, initially playing for their Second XI side but making the First XI by 1897.He played seven first-class cricket matches for Victoria between 1904 and 1906, with a highlight of his career for the state being a score of 98 made in 80 minutes against New South Wales. He left Victoria to move to Western Australia in May 1906 as he had secured a position on the goldfields in his career as an assayist and metallurgist. As of September 1906 <mask> was training for cricket in Western Australia for the Kamballie Club, and he represented them in the Potts Shield in October. By December he was playing for Burbanks. In 1907 he represented Western Australia against New South Wales, and the opposition captain described him as the best of the West Australian bowlers praising his length and variation of pace. In October <mask> played in a three day cricket match between a team representing the goldfields and one representing the coastal districts. Later in October 1907, <mask> was the only goldfields cricketer selected to represent West Australia in a tour game against the Marylebone Cricket Club which was part of the 1907-08 Ashes tour.He took five wickets and batted at five in the first innings scoring 3 and opened in the second innings scoring 15. West Australia losing by an innings. English captain <mask> praised his bowling, expressing that he was likely to improve, and also noted he thought him a capable batsman. In November 1907 <mask> moved from the rural goldfields to Perth as he had secured a job with a leading sporting firm, Alcock & Co., and he also joined the Corinthian cricket club, and played his first match for them against Subiaco on 16 November in which he took 5 for 73. In March 1908 <mask> was selected to represent Western Australia against the M.C.C. again in the last match of the 1907-08 Ashes tour, and one report called for him to be made captain. He did not captain but did take 3 wickets for 130 runs which included bowling Jack Hobbs, who dragged the ball onto his stumps, in the M.C.C.s only innings with the match ending in a draw.By the end of his first club season for Corinthians in 1908 <mask> had topped both the batting and bowling averages, averaging 36.77 with the bat and 11.46 with the ball. He was also named honorary coach of junior players for the club at the Corinthians annual meeting in August 1908. In September 1908 <mask> left Alcock & Co. and opened his own sports store called the Perth Sports Depot, with advertising for the new store emphasizing his role in selecting the stock and his reputation as a cricketer. Early advertising targeted cricket clubs as potential clients, and he offered one of the stores bats as a trophy for a local cricket competition. As of October 1908 <mask> had been appointed as Captain of Corinthians for the upcoming club season. <mask> had a strong season in club cricket in 1908-09. In the second match of the season, played against Subiaco, he took 3 for 21, 4 for 33, and scored 143 in Corinthians only innings batting.In the third match against West Perth he took 8 for 20 and 4 for 31, also taking a hattrick, and scored 61. In a match against Fremantle <mask> criticized the opposition for unsportsmanlike behavior due to an incident where the North Fremantle wicket keeper was hit in the body by the ball and hurt, and <mask>'s batting partner was run out after leaving his crease to check the keepers well-being. By February 1909 Corinthians was leading the competition and a report credited their success to <mask>'s allround abilities. By March he had taken 100 wickets at an average of 7.1 in the club season. Corinthians were ultimately premiers of the 1908-09 club cricket season. In April 1909 <mask> was selected to captain West Australia against South Australia. In the first interstate game he won the toss and took 5 for 67 in one innings, but the match was drawn.In total South Australia played three games against the West and <mask> took 25 out of WA's 46 wickets at an average of 17 in the series. All three games in the series were drawn. One series report noted <mask>'s performances as an all-rounder were the most notable events in each game. Some of the South Australian players said they thought <mask> would have been selected for the 1909 Ashes had he still been playing in Victoria. In 1909 some comments from <mask> were published in a Victorian newspaper in which he expressed the opinion that Western Australian wickets were not as good as those in the eastern states and that there were too many clubs competing in WA club cricket, although he positively noted that there were plans to divide the club competition into two grades for the 1909-10 season. The interview was reprinted in a Western Australian newspaper with the headline "Western Australian cricket criticised by <mask>". By November 1909 he was being referred to as about the best all-round cricketer in West Australia.<mask> was re-elected as captain of Corinthians for the 1909-10 club cricket season. In the fourth round he scored 135 not out against South Fremantle, although he was dropped three times. In the same match he also took 8 for 26. In the first match after the Christmas break in the season he took 7 for 26 against Henley Park. By February 1910 he had taken over 60 wickets at an average close to 8 in the season, but after his century his batting had been poor. By the end of the season he had taken 68 wickets at an average of 8.89 and also topped the batting averages for Corinthians, making it the third straight season he had topped both batting and bowling averages for the club. Corinthians merged with the East Perth football club at the end of the 1910 season and played under the name East Perth from the next season.In March 1910 <mask> was selected as captain of West Australia for a series of games against Victoria. In November 1910 <mask> provided a plan for improving the standard of Western Australian cricket to a local paper. Due to the remoteness of the state he argued that interstate matches could not be frequent, and that instead intrastate matches between sides representing the metropolitan, goldfield, and south-west regions of the state should be regularly played. He also again expressed that there were too many clubs competing in club cricket and stated that they should be separated into different grades. Also in November it was rumored that <mask> may be selected to represent Australia against South Africa in the home series, and a newspaper report ranked him as among the top six all-rounders in the country. In December he was serving on the selection committee for a coastal team which was to play a goldfields team but he had to resign due to business commitments before the game. In January 1911 <mask> captained East Perth in a novelty match against the Eumarella women's cricket team, where the men had to bat, bowl, and field with their wrong hand and every misfield resulted in two runs being awarded to Eumarella.In the early 1911 grade season the competition was split into two grades, and <mask> had the best bowling average in the A grade competition season at 8.16, the most wickets with 92, and also scored 600 runs at an average of 33.05 in addition to captaining East Perth A team to the premiership. In October 1911 he changed teams, moving to North Perth, due to a new district system being introduced to revitalize grade cricket with him falling in the North Perth division. He scored a 122 in 35 minutes and took 6 for 11 in a match for North Perth in the opening game of the season in October 1911. Statistics In his state career <mask> played 24 first-class matches. He scored 960 runs at an average of 22.85 with 6 fifties and took 15 catches, and took 102 wickets at an average of 24.43 with 6 five wicket hauls and 2 ten wicket hauls. Of these 793 runs and 82 wickets were scored/taken for Western Australia. In his Victorian club career he scored 2509 runs at an average of 30 with a high score of 145 not out, and took 255 wickets at an average of 13.8.In his Western Australian club career he scored 6655 runs at an average of 38.3 and took 995 wickets at an average of 8.6, taking over 100 wickets in a season twice. See also List of Victoria first-class cricketers List of Western Australia first-class cricketers References External links 1877 births 1950 deaths Australian cricketers Victoria cricketers Western Australia cricketers Cricketers from Melbourne

<mask> was an Australian cricketer. He was an all-rounder who was able to bowl left-handed and bat left-handed. He was a prominent club cricketer in Victoria, also representing the state in first-class cricket, and later moved to Western Australia where he played both club and state cricket and became the leading all-rounder in the state. He served on the W.A.C.A. after retiring. A W.A. executive. A person wrote for a newspaper. He began his cricket career in 1896, playing for the Second XI but making the First XI by 1897.He played seven first-class cricket matches for Victoria between 1904 and 1906, the highlight of which was a score of 98 against New South Wales. He moved to Western Australia in 1906 after securing a position on the goldfields in his career as a metallurgist. As of September 1906 <mask> was training for cricket in Western Australia for the Kamballie Club, and he played in the Potts Shield in October. He was playing for Burbanks by December. He was described as the best of the West Australian bowlers by the New South Wales captain in 1907. <mask> played in a three day cricket match for the goldfields against the coastal districts. The only goldfields cricketer selected to represent West Australia in a tour game against the Marylebone Cricket Club was <mask>.He opened the second day with 15 and scored three in the first and five in the first. West Australia was losing. <mask>, the English captain, praised his bowling, saying he was likely to improve, and also that he was capable of batting. In November 1907 <mask> moved from the rural goldfields to Perth as he had secured a job with a leading sporting firm, Alcock & Co., and he also joined the Corinthian cricket club, and played his first match for them against Subiaco on 16 November in which he took 5 <mask> was selected to represent Western Australia against the M.C.C. One report called for him to be made captain in the last match of the 1907-08 Ashes tour. In the M.C.C.'s only match of the season, he took 3 for 130 runs, including bowling Jack Hobbs, who dragged the ball onto his stumps, as the match ended in a draw.<mask> averaged 36.77 with the bat and 11.46 with the ball in the batting and bowling averages at the end of his first club season. He was named a coach for the junior players at the annual meeting of the club. <mask> left Alcock & Co. and opened his own sports store in Perth called the Perth Sports Depot, which was advertised as emphasizing his role in selecting the stock and his reputation as a cricketer. Early advertising targeted cricket clubs as potential clients, and he offered one of the stores bats as a trophy for a local cricket competition. <mask> was appointed as the captain of the club in October of 1908. <mask> played club cricket in the early 20th century. In the second match of the season, played against Subiaco, he took 3 for 21, 4 for 33, and scored 143 in the only batting match.He scored 61 and took 8 for 20 and 4 for 31 in the third match against West Perth. <mask> criticized the opposition for unsportsmanlike behavior in a match because of an incident where the North Fremantle keeper was hit in the body by the ball and <mask>'s batting partner was run out after leaving his crease to check on him. The report credited <mask>'s allround abilities for the success of the team. In the club season, he took 100 pins at an average of 7.1 per game. The 1908-09 club cricket season was won by Corinthians. In 1909 <mask> was selected to lead West Australia against South Australia. He took 5 for 67 in the first interstate game, but the match was not played.South Australia played three games against the West and <mask> took 25 out of the 46 he took. There were three games in the series. The most notable events in each game were <mask>'s performances as an all-rounder. Some of the South Australian players thought <mask> would have been selected for the 1909 Ashes if he was still playing in Victoria. In 1909, <mask> commented in a Victorian newspaper that Western Australian cricket was not as good as those in the eastern states and that there were too many clubs competing in the club competition. The Western Australian newspaper had a headline that said "Western Australian cricket criticized by <mask>". He was referred to as the best all-round cricketer in West Australia by November 1909.<mask> was re-elected as captain of the club. He scored 135 in the fourth round, despite being dropped three times. He took 8 for 26. He took 7 for 26 in the first match after the Christmas break. After his century, his batting had been poor and he had taken over 60 pins at an average of 8 per season. He had topped both the batting and bowling averages for the club for the third year in a row. The East Perth football club merged with Corinthians at the end of the 1910 season and played under the name East Perth from the next season.<mask> was named captain of West Australia for a series of games against Victoria. <mask> gave a plan for improving the standard of Western Australian cricket to a local paper in 1910. He argued that due to the remoteness of the state, interstate matches could not be played frequently, and that instead matches should be played between sides from the metropolitan, goldfield, and south-west regions of the state. He said that there were too many clubs competing in club cricket and that they should be separated into different grades. It was rumored in November that <mask> may be selected to represent Australia against South Africa in the home series, and a newspaper report ranked him as one of the top six all-rounders in the country. He was on the selection committee for a coastal team which was to play a goldfields team but he had to resign due to business commitments. In January 1911 <mask> captained East Perth in a novelty match against the Eumarella women's cricket team, where the men had to bat, bowl, and field with their wrong hand and every misfield resulted in two runs being awarded to Eumarella.The A grade competition was split into two grades in the early 1910s, and <mask> had the best bowling average of 8.16 in the two grades, and also scored 600 runs at an average of 33.05 in addition to captaining East Perth A team. He moved to North Perth due to a new district system being introduced to revive grade cricket and he fell in the North Perth division. He scored a 122 in 35 minutes and took 6 for 11 in the opening game of the season for North Perth. <mask> played 24 first-class matches in his state career. He scored 960 runs at an average of 22.85 with 6 fifties and took 15 catches, and took 102 wickets at an average of 24.43. Western Australia scored/taken 793 runs and 82 pins. In his club career, he scored 2509 runs at an average of 30 with a high score of 145 not out, and took 255 wickets at an average of 13.8.In his club career in Western Australian, he scored 6655 runs at an average of 38.6 and took First-class cricketers from Victoria and Western Australia are listed.

5209279

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Mayer%20de%20Rothschild

David Mayer de Rothschild

David Mayer de Rothschild (born 25 August 1978) is a British adventurer, ecologist, and environmentalist and head of Sculpt the Future Foundation, a charity that supports innovations and creativity in social and environmental impact efforts. Early life He is a member of the Rothschild family, the youngest of three children of Victoria Lou Schott (b. 1949 - 18 January 2021) and Sir Evelyn de Rothschild (b. 1931) of the Rothschild banking family of England. His middle name "Mayer" is taken from the name of the founder of the Rothschild family banking empire, Mayer Amschel Rothschild. The youngest heir to his family's banking fortune, de Rothschild was born in 1978 in London, England. His mother was American, the daughter of Marcia Lou (née Whitney) and real estate developer Lewis M. Schott. He is the younger brother of Anthony de Rothschild and Jessica de Rothschild. As a teenager, de Rothschild was a top-ranked horse jumper on Britain's junior event team. He later gave up the sport to pursue his education, stating in an interview with The New Yorker "I realized there was more to life than spending hours and hours and hours on a horse." He also went to Millbrook house school in Milton Oxfordshire After leaving Harrow School in 1996 he attended Oxford Brookes receiving a 2:1 B.Sc (Hons) in Political Science and Information Systems. In 2002, de Rothschild studied at the College of Naturopathic Medicine, London where he received an advanced Diploma in Natural Medicine, ND. By age 20, de Rothschild had started his own music merchandising business and sold it. In 2001 he bought a 1,100 acre organic farm in New Zealand, and was invited to take part in a Polar expedition. This experience turned de Rothschild into an enterprising eco-adventurer. Exploration Polar expeditions In 2006, de Rothschild spent over 100 days crossing the Arctic from Russia to Canada, which saw him become one of only 42 people, and the youngest British person, to ever reach both geographical poles. He had already become one of only 14 people ever to traverse the continent of Antarctica, and was part of a team that broke the world record for the fastest ever crossing of the Greenland ice cap. In 2006 he launched the website "Mission Control" in order to present his expeditions and environmental efforts to children and the youth. The trek across the Arctic was the first "mission" to be highlighted on the website, and the second was planned to either be a trek through the Amazon or a trek from Lake Baikal to the Gobi Desert. His expeditions also led to his founding of the Adventure Ecology organization. It serves as a community and network for the discussion of climate change and associated problems. Plastiki In the late 2000s, de Rothschild developed a mission to raise awareness of the Pacific Garbage Patch, in which he invented a new form of sustainable ship at a lab on Pier 31 in San Francisco, called the Plastiki. In March 2010, de Rothschild launched the boat, a catamaran built from approximately 12,500 reclaimed plastic bottles and a unique recyclable technology called Seretex. Seretex, which was developed by de Rothschild and his team, was meant to reuse PET in a novel way, finding new uses for a waste product. The Plastiki and its crew sailed over across the Pacific Ocean from San Francisco to Sydney. The evening before their journey began, de Rothschild and his skipper Jo Royle interviewed with CNN, quoting Mark Twain when asked how he felt in anticipation for the trip. The Plastiki successfully completed its journey to Sydney on 26 July 2010. Along with the Plastiki de Rothschild launched a platform for community interaction and sharing stories called "Myoo" (the name comes from the pronunciation of "community"). The Plastiki was named one of 2010's fifty best inventions by Time magazine. The Plastiki is named after the Kon-Tiki, a raft used by Pacific explorer Thor Heyerdahl. The construction of the ship is notable not only for its use of recycled plastic bottles as a primary building material, but also for using reclaimed and environmentally friendly materials throughout. In April 2010, Mayer told Good Morning America: "Every part of the boat, even down to the glue we used to stick the boat together, [it] is a glue we made and had to engineer specifically for this project. It's made of cashew nuts and sugar....every part of the boat - from the interior with reclaimed materials, reclaimed fabric, is all trying to do our best and showcasing there are a lot of solutions out there." In 2009, The New Yorker's John Colapinto wrote about the Plastiki, comparing its creator, de Rothschild, to adventurers such as Sir Richard Francis Burton and Sebastian Snow. ARTiculate expeditions As part of Adventure Ecology's ARTiculate series, de Rothschild led a field trip expedition to Ecuador in 2007. The group spent time in the Ecuadorian rain forest, documenting the damage international oil companies had caused by drilling the vast oil reserves. In November 2011 de Rothschild and a small crew mounted an expedition to Brazil's Amazon rainforest as part of the ARTiculate series, with the goal of better understanding and publicizing the effects of the controversial Belo Monte dam project. This expedition was supplemented by articles on Myoo.com and culminated in an art project developed with local children. When asked by Outside Magazine reporter Caty Enders about whether an expedition could make a difference in a pressing issue like the Belo Monte dam de Rothschild replied that "it would be naïve to think that this mini art-based adventure into the Amazon is going to change what has been in motion for the last 36 years. But when you see someone in the road and they're dying, do you keep walking and say, Oh, they'll be dead soon? That's the reality when you embark on an adventure like this, you may never know the true outcome until many years later". Organizations The Myoo concept developed into the Myoo Agency, founded by de Rothschild as a marketing agency that works with businesses looking to create sustainable practices. The Plastiki development was done under the company name Smarter Plan, which continues to develop additional solutions for adapting waste into useful objects and devices. Myoo was eventually renamed the World-Exposure agency, reflecting his new partnership with the Exposure marketing agency. It carries on the task of introducing firms to sustainable practices and promoting communications strategies involving sustainable means and profiling sustainable enterprises. A precursor to Myoo was Rothschild's previous organization Adventure Ecology, the mission of which has been absorbed into World-Exposure. Rothschild is also the founder of the environmental foundation Sculpt the Future. Sculpt the Future took the initiative of spreading environmental education through the use of adventure ecology and other high-profile methods. According to The Today Show, the foundation "encourages people to find new ways to change and improve their communities and environment". Rothschild also founded Mpact, which focuses on teaching corporations and organizations on how to access the most zealous community contributors and volunteers, and how to provide them with the tools they need to succeed on their behalf. Media Written work In 2007, de Rothschild wrote The Live Earth Global Warming Survival Handbook: 77 Essential Skills to Stop Climate Change—Or Live Through It (), with afterword by Kevin Wall, which was the official companion book to the Live Earth concert series. In 2008, he was the Consultant Editor for Earth Matters: An Encyclopedia of Ecology, wrote an action graphic novel, The Boy, The Girl, The Tree with artist Simon Harrison and wrote the foreword to True Green Kids: 100 Things You Can Do to Save the Planet. In 2007, alongside others including Zac Goldsmith, David Cameron's environmental advisor, de Rothschild contributed to Sebastian Copeland's book Antarctica - The Global Warning. De Rothschild is a Huffington Post contributor, commenting on environmental issues. In early 2010, he also trademarked the phrase Equation For Curiosity. Film work In 2012, de Rothschild developed Eco Trip: The Real Cost of Living, an eight part series on the production methods behind household items and the impact their use has on the environment. Each episode covers the full life cycle of the products. Business In 2016, de Rothschild launched an ecology-oriented lifestyle brand, Lost Explorer. Recognition David de Rothschild was awarded the accolade of "Emerging Explorer" by National Geographic, appointed an "international ambassador" by NGO Clean Up the World and nominated as a "Young Global Leader" by the World Economic Forum. In 2007, de Rothschild was named one of GQ Magazine's men of the year, being the sole individual named to the "Environmentalist" category. The following year, due to his efforts at involving youth in environmental issues, he was the 2008 winner of the Kids' Choice Awards UK "Greenie Award". In 2009, Rothschild was named by the United Nations Environment Program as a "Climate Hero". In 2011, de Rothschild served on the judging panel for the International Green Awards as well as the Climate Week Awards. In 2011, he also received the Honorary Award of the German Sustainability Award. References External links Sculpt the Future Foundation World-Exposure homepage The Plastiki homepage 1978 births Living people People educated at Harrow School Alumni of Oxford Brookes University British people of German-Jewish descent English graphic novelists English racehorse owners and breeders English comics writers English environmentalists Non-fiction environmental writers David Mayer Rafting Environmental bloggers British Jews

<mask> (born 25 August 1978) is a British adventurer, ecologist, and environmentalist and head of Sculpt the Future Foundation, a charity that supports innovations and creativity in social and environmental impact efforts. Early life He is a member of the <mask> family, the youngest of three children of Victoria Lou Schott (b. 1949 - 18 January 2021) and <mask> (b. 1931) of the <mask> banking family of England. His middle name "<mask>" is taken from the name of the founder of the <mask> family banking empire, <mask>. The youngest heir to his family's banking fortune, <mask> was born in 1978 in London, England. His mother was American, the daughter of Marcia Lou (née Whitney) and real estate developer Lewis M. Schott.He is the younger brother of <mask> <mask> and <mask> <mask>. As a teenager, <mask> was a top-ranked horse jumper on Britain's junior event team. He later gave up the sport to pursue his education, stating in an interview with The New Yorker "I realized there was more to life than spending hours and hours and hours on a horse." He also went to Millbrook house school in Milton Oxfordshire After leaving Harrow School in 1996 he attended Oxford Brookes receiving a 2:1 B.Sc (Hons) in Political Science and Information Systems. In 2002, <mask> studied at the College of Naturopathic Medicine, London where he received an advanced Diploma in Natural Medicine, ND. By age 20, <mask> had started his own music merchandising business and sold it. In 2001 he bought a 1,100 acre organic farm in New Zealand, and was invited to take part in a Polar expedition.This experience turned <mask> into an enterprising eco-adventurer. Exploration Polar expeditions In 2006, <mask> spent over 100 days crossing the Arctic from Russia to Canada, which saw him become one of only 42 people, and the youngest British person, to ever reach both geographical poles. He had already become one of only 14 people ever to traverse the continent of Antarctica, and was part of a team that broke the world record for the fastest ever crossing of the Greenland ice cap. In 2006 he launched the website "Mission Control" in order to present his expeditions and environmental efforts to children and the youth. The trek across the Arctic was the first "mission" to be highlighted on the website, and the second was planned to either be a trek through the Amazon or a trek from Lake Baikal to the Gobi Desert. His expeditions also led to his founding of the Adventure Ecology organization. It serves as a community and network for the discussion of climate change and associated problems.Plastiki In the late 2000s, <mask> developed a mission to raise awareness of the Pacific Garbage Patch, in which he invented a new form of sustainable ship at a lab on Pier 31 in San Francisco, called the Plastiki. In March 2010, <mask> launched the boat, a catamaran built from approximately 12,500 reclaimed plastic bottles and a unique recyclable technology called Seretex. Seretex, which was developed by <mask> and his team, was meant to reuse PET in a novel way, finding new uses for a waste product. The Plastiki and its crew sailed over across the Pacific Ocean from San Francisco to Sydney. The evening before their journey began, <mask> and his skipper Jo Royle interviewed with CNN, quoting Mark Twain when asked how he felt in anticipation for the trip. The Plastiki successfully completed its journey to Sydney on 26 July 2010. Along with the Plastiki de Rothschild launched a platform for community interaction and sharing stories called "Myoo" (the name comes from the pronunciation of "community").The Plastiki was named one of 2010's fifty best inventions by Time magazine. The Plastiki is named after the Kon-Tiki, a raft used by Pacific explorer Thor Heyerdahl. The construction of the ship is notable not only for its use of recycled plastic bottles as a primary building material, but also for using reclaimed and environmentally friendly materials throughout. In April 2010, <mask> told Good Morning America: "Every part of the boat, even down to the glue we used to stick the boat together, [it] is a glue we made and had to engineer specifically for this project. It's made of cashew nuts and sugar....every part of the boat - from the interior with reclaimed materials, reclaimed fabric, is all trying to do our best and showcasing there are a lot of solutions out there." In 2009, The New Yorker's John Colapinto wrote about the Plastiki, comparing its creator, <mask>, to adventurers such as Sir Richard Francis Burton and Sebastian Snow. ARTiculate expeditions As part of Adventure Ecology's ARTiculate series, <mask> led a field trip expedition to Ecuador in 2007.The group spent time in the Ecuadorian rain forest, documenting the damage international oil companies had caused by drilling the vast oil reserves. In November 2011 <mask> and a small crew mounted an expedition to Brazil's Amazon rainforest as part of the ARTiculate series, with the goal of better understanding and publicizing the effects of the controversial Belo Monte dam project. This expedition was supplemented by articles on Myoo.com and culminated in an art project developed with local children. When asked by Outside Magazine reporter Caty <mask> about whether an expedition could make a difference in a pressing issue like the Belo Monte dam <mask> replied that "it would be naïve to think that this mini art-based adventure into the Amazon is going to change what has been in motion for the last 36 years. But when you see someone in the road and they're dying, do you keep walking and say, Oh, they'll be dead soon? That's the reality when you embark on an adventure like this, you may never know the true outcome until many years later". Organizations The Myoo concept developed into the Myoo Agency, founded by <mask> as a marketing agency that works with businesses looking to create sustainable practices.The Plastiki development was done under the company name Smarter Plan, which continues to develop additional solutions for adapting waste into useful objects and devices. Myoo was eventually renamed the World-Exposure agency, reflecting his new partnership with the Exposure marketing agency. It carries on the task of introducing firms to sustainable practices and promoting communications strategies involving sustainable means and profiling sustainable enterprises. A precursor to Myoo was Rothschild's previous organization Adventure Ecology, the mission of which has been absorbed into World-Exposure. <mask> is also the founder of the environmental foundation Sculpt the Future. Sculpt the Future took the initiative of spreading environmental education through the use of adventure ecology and other high-profile methods. According to The Today Show, the foundation "encourages people to find new ways to change and improve their communities and environment".<mask> also founded Mpact, which focuses on teaching corporations and organizations on how to access the most zealous community contributors and volunteers, and how to provide them with the tools they need to succeed on their behalf. Media Written work In 2007, <mask> wrote The Live Earth Global Warming Survival Handbook: 77 Essential Skills to Stop Climate Change—Or Live Through It (), with afterword by Kevin Wall, which was the official companion book to the Live Earth concert series. In 2008, he was the Consultant Editor for Earth Matters: An Encyclopedia of Ecology, wrote an action graphic novel, The Boy, The Girl, The Tree with artist Simon Harrison and wrote the foreword to True Green Kids: 100 Things You Can Do to Save the Planet. In 2007, alongside others including Zac Goldsmith, <mask>'s environmental advisor, <mask> contributed to Sebastian Copeland's book Antarctica - The Global Warning. <mask> is a Huffington Post contributor, commenting on environmental issues. In early 2010, he also trademarked the phrase Equation For Curiosity. Film work In 2012, <mask> developed Eco Trip: The Real Cost of Living, an eight part series on the production methods behind household items and the impact their use has on the environment.Each episode covers the full life cycle of the products. Business In 2016, <mask> launched an ecology-oriented lifestyle brand, Lost Explorer. Recognition <mask> <mask> was awarded the accolade of "Emerging Explorer" by National Geographic, appointed an "international ambassador" by NGO Clean Up the World and nominated as a "Young Global Leader" by the World Economic Forum. In 2007, <mask> was named one of GQ Magazine's men of the year, being the sole individual named to the "Environmentalist" category. The following year, due to his efforts at involving youth in environmental issues, he was the 2008 winner of the Kids' Choice Awards UK "Greenie Award". In 2009, <mask> was named by the United Nations Environment Program as a "Climate Hero". In 2011, <mask> served on the judging panel for the International Green Awards as well as the Climate Week Awards.In 2011, he also received the Honorary Award of the German Sustainability Award. References External links Sculpt the Future Foundation World-Exposure homepage The Plastiki homepage 1978 births Living people People educated at Harrow School Alumni of Oxford Brookes University British people of German-Jewish descent English graphic novelists English racehorse owners and breeders English comics writers English environmentalists Non-fiction environmental writers <mask> Rafting Environmental bloggers British Jews

<mask> is a British adventurer, ecologist, and environmentalist and head of Sculpt the Future Foundation, a charity that supports innovations and creativity in social and environmental impact efforts. The youngest of three children, he is a member of the <mask> family. Sir <mask> was born in 1949. The <mask> banking family of England was founded in 1931. His middle name is taken from the name of the founder of the <mask> family banking empire. The youngest heir to his family's banking fortune was born in 1978. His mother was American and the daughter of a real estate developer.His siblings are <mask> <mask> and <mask> <mask>. <mask> was a member of Britain's junior event team. He told The New Yorker that he gave up the sport to pursue his education because he realized there was more to life than riding a horse. He graduated from Oxford Brookes with a 2:1 B.S. in Political Science and Information Systems in 1996. <mask> received an advanced degree in natural medicine from the College of Naturopathic Medicine in London in 2002. <mask> sold his business at the age of 20. He was invited to take part in a polar expedition after buying an organic farm in New Zealand.<mask> became an eco-adventurer because of this experience. In 2006 <mask> became the youngest British person to ever reach both geographical poles when he traveled over 100 days from Russia to Canada. He was part of a team that set a world record for the fastest crossing of the Greenland ice cap. In 2006 he launched the website "Mission Control" in order to present his expeditions and environmental efforts to children and the youth. The first "mission" to be highlighted on the website was the trek across the Arctic, and the second was a trek through the Amazon or the Gobi Desert. His expeditions led to the founding of the Adventure Ecology organization. Climate change and associated problems are discussed in the community.In the late 2000s, <mask> developed a mission to raise awareness of the Pacific Garbage Patch, in which he invented a new form of sustainable ship at a lab on Pier 31 in San Francisco. In March 2010, <mask> launched the boat, a catamaran built from approximately 12,500 reclaimed plastic bottles. <mask> and his team came up with Seretex, which was meant to find new uses for a waste product. The Plastiki and its crew sailed across the Pacific Ocean. The evening before their journey began, <mask> and his skipper Jo Royle interviewed with CNN, quoting Mark Twain when asked how he felt in anticipation for the trip. The Plastiki made it to Australia on July 26, 2010. The platform for community interaction and sharing stories called "Myoo" was launched by the Plastiki de Rothschild.Time magazine named the Plastiki one of the best inventions of the year. The Kon-Tiki was a raft used by Pacific explorer THOR Heyerdahl. The construction of the ship is notable not only for its use of recycled plastic bottles as a primary building material, but also for using reclaimed and environmentally friendly materials throughout. In April 2010, <mask> told Good Morning America that the glue they used to stick the boat together was made specifically for the project. Every part of the boat is trying to do our best and showcasing there are a lot of solutions out there. In 2009, The New Yorker's John Colapinto wrote about the Plastiki, comparing its creator, <mask>, to explorers such as Sir Richard Francis Burton and Sebastian Snow. In 2007, <mask> led a field trip to Ecuador as part of Adventure Ecology's ARTiculate series.The group spent time in the rain forest documenting the damage done by international oil companies. In November of 2011, <mask> and a small crew traveled to Brazil's Amazon rainforest as part of the ARTiculate series, with the goal of better understanding and publicizing the effects of the controversial Belo Monte dam project. An art project was developed with local children after the expedition was supplemented by articles on Myoo.com. It would be nave to think that this mini art-based adventure into the Amazon is going to change what has been going on. Do you keep walking if you see someone dying in the road? You may never know the true outcome when you embark on an adventure like this. The Myoo Agency was founded by <mask> as a marketing agency that works with businesses looking to create sustainable practices.The company name is Smarter Plan and it continues to develop solutions for adapting waste into useful objects and devices. The World-Exposure agency was changed to reflect his new partnership with the Exposure marketing agency. It is responsible for introducing firms to sustainable practices, promoting communications strategies involving sustainable means and profiling sustainable enterprises. The mission of Rothschild's previous organization Adventure Ecology has been absorbed into World-Exposure. The founder of Sculpt the Future is Rothschild. Sculpt the Future used adventure ecology and other high-profile methods to spread environmental education. According to The Today Show, the foundation encourages people to find new ways to change and improve their environment.<mask> founded Mpact, which teaches corporations and organizations how to access the most zealous community contributors and volunteers, and how to provide them with the tools they need to succeed. In 2007, <mask> wrote The Live Earth Global Warming Survival Handbook: 77 Essential Skills to Stop Climate Change, which was the official companion book to the Live Earth concert series. He was the Consultant Editor for Earth Matters: An Encyclopedia of Ecology, wrote an action graphic novel, The Boy, The Girl, The Tree, with artist Simon Harrison, and wrote the foreword to True Green Kids: 100 Things You Can Do to Save the Planet. In 2007, <mask> was part of a group that contributed to a book. <mask> is a Huffington Post contributor. The phrase Equation For Curiosity was trademarked in early 2010 by him. Eco Trip: The Real Cost of Living is an eight part series on the production methods behind household items and the impact their use has on the environment.The full life cycle of the products is covered in each episode. <mask> launched a brand called Lost Explorer. <mask> <mask> was nominated as a "Young Global Leader" by the World Economic Forum and was awarded the accolade of "Emerging Explorer" by National Geographic. <mask> was the only individual named to the "Environmentalist" category. He was the 2008 winner of the Kids' Choice Awards UK "Greenie Award" due to his efforts at involving youth in environmental issues. The United Nations Environment Program named <mask> a "Climate Hero" in 2009. The Climate Week Awards and the International Green Awards were judged by <mask> in 2011.He received an award in 2011. There are external links to the Sculpt the Future Foundation World-Exposure homepage.

53565578

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu%20Cheng%20%28Wuyue%29

Wu Cheng (Wuyue)

Wu Cheng () (893-September 14, 965), courtesy name Zhengchen (), was a politician of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Wuyue, serving as a chancellor during the reign of its last two kings, Qian Hongzong (King Zhongxun) and Qian Chu (King Zhongyi). Background Wu Cheng was born in 893, during the reign of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang. He was from Shanyin (山陰, in modern Shaoxing, Zhejiang). His grandfather Wu Kexin () was a county magistrate during Tang, and his father Wu Yue () passed the Tang imperial examinations in the Jinshi class during Emperor Zhaozong's Dashun era (890-891). After passing the imperial examinations, Wu Yue was made the secretary general of Zhendong Circuit (鎮東, headquartered in modern Shaoxing), then under the control of the warlord Qian Liu. During Qian Liu's reign In 907, the Tang throne was seized by the major warlord Zhu Quanzhong, who established a new state of Later Liang as its emperor. Qian Liu became a vassal of Later Liang, and was created the Prince of Wuyue (later receiving the greater title King of Wuyue in 923 and posthumously known as King Wusu). Sometime during Qian Liu's reign, Wu Cheng, apparently on account of his father's service to the king, was given the offices of Xiaoshu Lang (), and then acting Hubu Yuanwailang (), by the king under the authority of the emperor. Toward the end of Qian's Baozheng era (926-931), Qian was trying to find an appropriate husband for one of his daughters. He summoned Wu, along with two other sons of prominent officials, Meng Can () and Yu Bao (), to his presence. He examined the three of them, particularly Wu, and then chose Wu to be his daughter's husband. He bestowed (in the emperor's authority) the title of Jinbu Langzhong () on Wu. As he considered Wu capable in administrative matters, he put Wu in charge of overseeing the paperwork from various departments of his government. During Qian Yuanguan's reign After Qian Liu died in 932 and was succeeded by his son Qian Yuanguan (King Wenmu), Qian Yuanguan bestowed (in the emperor's authority) the title of Zhifang Langzhong () on Wu Cheng, and made Wu his assistant in both of his roles as governor (觀察使, Guanchashi) and military governor (Jiedushi). Later, during the Tianfu era (used by two of Qian Yuanguan's suzerains — Shi Jingtang and Shi Chonggui the emperors of Later Jin) (936-947), Qian Yuanguan made one of his sons, Qian Hongxuan (), the prefect of Mu Prefecture (睦州, in modern Hangzhou, Zhejiang), but did not actually send Qian Hongxuan to Mu; instead, he made Wu the acting prefect, being actually in charge there. During the reigns of the last three kings It is not clear what role Wu Cheng served in during the subsequent reign of Qian Yuanguan's son Qian Hongzuo (King Zhongxian) (r. 941-947). During the subsequent reign of Qian Hongzuo's younger brother Qian Hongzong (King Zhongxun) (947), Qian Hongzong made Wu in charge of the western headquarters (i.e., Zhenhai Circuit (), headquartered at Wuyue's capital Qiantang (錢塘, in modern Hangzhou)), and shortly after made him a chancellor. Shortly after, when the warlord Li Ruyun, who had actual control of Weiwu Circuit (威武, headquartered in modern Fuzhou, Fujian) but was a Wuyue vassal, tried to turn against Wuyue, the Wuyue general stationed at Weiwu's capital Fu Prefecture (), Bao Xiurang (), assassinated him and took control of the circuit on Wuyue's behalf. Qian Hongzong thereafter sent Wu to Weiwu to take over as acting military governor, and apparently thereafter made him full military governor. In 950, Cha Wenhui (), a general of Wuyue's western neighbor Southern Tang who was serving as Southern Tang's acting military governor of Yong'an Circuit (永安, headquartered in modern Nanping, Fujian), mistakenly believed that Wuyue had abandoned Fu Prefecture and that he could take it over. Cha therefore took his army and headed toward Fu. Hearing that Cha was approaching, Wu decided to mislead him by sending soldiers out of the city to welcome Cha. Cha thereafter entered the city and fell into an ambush set by Wu, and was captured. Wu delivered Cha to Qiantang, where Qian Hongzuo's younger brother and successor Qian Hongchu (King Zhongyi) presented him to the Wuyue royal ancestral temple but then released him. Later, Qian Hongchu recalled Wu to Qiantang and again made him chancellor, serving alongside Yuan Dezhao. In 956, when Southern Tang's northern neighbor Later Zhou, to which Wuyue was a vassal, launched a major attack on Southern Tang, Qian Hongchu launched his army and stationed it on the border with Southern Tang, waiting for orders from the Later Zhou emperor Guo Rong on whether to attack Southern Tang. The army officer Chen Man () argued to Wu that Southern Tang was in shock over the Later Zhou invasion and that its important city Chang Prefecture (常州, in modern Changzhou, Jiangsu) would be defenseless and could easily be taken; subsequently, Chen falsely informed Wu that the Later Zhou emperor had already ordered Wuyue to attack. Wu advocated to Qian that Wuyue launch an attack. Yuan opposed, however, stating to Qian Hongchu: "Tang is a large state, and we cannot take it lightly. If we enter Tang territory and Zhou forces do not arrive, we would be with no other allies, and we would be in danger. Please wait." Qian Hongchu, however, ultimately listened to Wu, and put him in charge of the operations, with Bao and Luo Sheng () serving under Wu. Wu told the soldiers, "Chancellor Yuan does not want to launch the attack." The soldiers became angry and tried to attack Yuan. Qian Hongchu hid Yuan in his palace and ordered that those advocating assaulting Yuan be arrested, while sighing, "Just as the army is launched, the soldiers want to attack the chancellor. This is a sign of misfortune." Wu's attack on Chang was initially successful, as the outer city fell. The Southern Tang military prefect of Chang, Zhao Renze (), was captured by Wuyue forces and delivered to Qiantang. However, Wu, who had previous disputes with Bao and Luo, humiliated them, causing them to be displeased. Meanwhile, the Southern Tang general Chai Kehong () arrived at Chang, but, hiding most of his troops, claimed to be merely there to escort the Southern Tang emissary Qiao Kuangshun (), whom Southern Tang's emperor Li Jing had previously sent to Wuyue, back to Southern Tang. Wu did not appreciate the risk and took no precautions. When Chai then launched a surprise attack on the Wuyue camp, Luo did not engage fully and allowed the Southern Tang army to head toward Wu's headquarters. Wu barely escaped the attack, but the Wuyue forces were routed. When Wu returned to Qiantang, Qian Hongchu stripped him of his offices. Wu Cheng died in 965, at the age of 72. At his death, Qian Hongchu (whose name had been changed to Qian Chu by that point) restored his titles and gave him the posthumous name of Zhonglie (忠烈, "faithful and achieving"). Notes and references Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms, vol. 87. Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 287, 289, 292, 293. 893 births 965 deaths Politicians from Shaoxing Generals from Zhejiang Wuyue chancellors Wuyue jiedushi of Weiwu Circuit Wuyue people born during Tang Later Tang people Later Jin (Five Dynasties) people Liao dynasty people Later Han (Five Dynasties) people Later Zhou people Song dynasty people

<mask> () (893-September 14, 965), courtesy name Zhengchen (), was a politician of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state <mask>yue, serving as a chancellor during the reign of its last two kings, Qian Hongzong (King Zhongxun) and Qian Chu (King Zhongyi). Background <mask> was born in 893, during the reign of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang. He was from Shanyin (山陰, in modern Shaoxing, Zhejiang). His grandfather <mask> () was a county magistrate during Tang, and his father <mask>e () passed the Tang imperial examinations in the Jinshi class during Emperor Zhaozong's Dashun era (890-891). After passing the imperial examinations, <mask>e was made the secretary general of Zhendong Circuit (鎮東, headquartered in modern Shaoxing), then under the control of the warlord Qian Liu. During Qian Liu's reign In 907, the Tang throne was seized by the major warlord Zhu Quanzhong, who established a new state of Later Liang as its emperor. Qian Liu became a vassal of Later Liang, and was created the Prince of Wuyue (later receiving the greater title King of Wuyue in 923 and posthumously known as King Wusu).Sometime during Qian Liu's reign, <mask>, apparently on account of his father's service to the king, was given the offices of Xiaoshu Lang (), and then acting Hubu Yuanwailang (), by the king under the authority of the emperor. Toward the end of Qian's Baozheng era (926-931), Qian was trying to find an appropriate husband for one of his daughters. He summoned <mask>, along with two other sons of prominent officials, Meng Can () and Yu Bao (), to his presence. He examined the three of them, particularly <mask>, and then chose <mask> to be his daughter's husband. He bestowed (in the emperor's authority) the title of Jinbu Langzhong () on <mask>. As he considered <mask> capable in administrative matters, he put <mask> in charge of overseeing the paperwork from various departments of his government. During Qian Yuanguan's reign After Qian Liu died in 932 and was succeeded by his son Qian Yuanguan (King Wenmu), Qian Yuanguan bestowed (in the emperor's authority) the title of Zhifang Langzhong () on <mask>, and made <mask> his assistant in both of his roles as governor (觀察使, Guanchashi) and military governor (Jiedushi).Later, during the Tianfu era (used by two of Qian Yuanguan's suzerains — Shi Jingtang and Shi Chonggui the emperors of Later Jin) (936-947), Qian Yuanguan made one of his sons, Qian Hongxuan (), the prefect of Mu Prefecture (睦州, in modern Hangzhou, Zhejiang), but did not actually send Qian Hongxuan to Mu; instead, he made <mask> the acting prefect, being actually in charge there. During the reigns of the last three kings It is not clear what role <mask> served in during the subsequent reign of Qian Yuanguan's son Qian Hongzuo (King Zhongxian) (r. 941-947). During the subsequent reign of Qian Hongzuo's younger brother Qian Hongzong (King Zhongxun) (947), Qian Hongzong made <mask> in charge of the western headquarters (i.e., Zhenhai Circuit (), headquartered at Wuyue's capital Qiantang (錢塘, in modern Hangzhou)), and shortly after made him a chancellor. Shortly after, when the warlord Li Ruyun, who had actual control of Weiwu Circuit (威武, headquartered in modern Fuzhou, Fujian) but was a Wuyue vassal, tried to turn against <mask>e, the Wuyue general stationed at Weiwu's capital Fu Prefecture (), Bao Xiurang (), assassinated him and took control of the circuit on <mask>yue's behalf. Qian Hongzong thereafter sent <mask> to Weiwu to take over as acting military governor, and apparently thereafter made him full military governor. In 950, Cha Wenhui (), a general of Wuyue's western neighbor Southern Tang who was serving as Southern Tang's acting military governor of Yong'an Circuit (永安, headquartered in modern Nanping, Fujian), mistakenly believed that Wuyue had abandoned Fu Prefecture and that he could take it over. Cha therefore took his army and headed toward Fu.Hearing that Cha was approaching, <mask> decided to mislead him by sending soldiers out of the city to welcome Cha. Cha thereafter entered the city and fell into an ambush set by <mask>, and was captured. <mask> delivered Cha to Qiantang, where Qian Hongzuo's younger brother and successor Qian Hongchu (King Zhongyi) presented him to the Wuyue royal ancestral temple but then released him. Later, Qian Hongchu recalled <mask> to Qiantang and again made him chancellor, serving alongside Yuan Dezhao. In 956, when Southern Tang's northern neighbor Later Zhou, to which Wuyue was a vassal, launched a major attack on Southern Tang, Qian Hongchu launched his army and stationed it on the border with Southern Tang, waiting for orders from the Later Zhou emperor Guo Rong on whether to attack Southern Tang. The army officer Chen Man () argued to <mask> that Southern Tang was in shock over the Later Zhou invasion and that its important city Chang Prefecture (常州, in modern Changzhou, Jiangsu) would be defenseless and could easily be taken; subsequently, Chen falsely informed <mask> that the Later Zhou emperor had already ordered Wuyue to attack. <mask> advocated to Qian that Wuyue launch an attack.Yuan opposed, however, stating to Qian Hongchu: "Tang is a large state, and we cannot take it lightly. If we enter Tang territory and Zhou forces do not arrive, we would be with no other allies, and we would be in danger. Please wait." Qian Hongchu, however, ultimately listened to <mask>, and put him in charge of the operations, with Bao and Luo Sheng () serving under <mask>. <mask> told the soldiers, "Chancellor Yuan does not want to launch the attack." The soldiers became angry and tried to attack Yuan. Qian Hongchu hid Yuan in his palace and ordered that those advocating assaulting Yuan be arrested, while sighing, "Just as the army is launched, the soldiers want to attack the chancellor.This is a sign of misfortune." <mask>'s attack on Chang was initially successful, as the outer city fell. The Southern Tang military prefect of Chang, Zhao Renze (), was captured by Wuyue forces and delivered to Qiantang. However, <mask>, who had previous disputes with Bao and Luo, humiliated them, causing them to be displeased. Meanwhile, the Southern Tang general Chai Kehong () arrived at Chang, but, hiding most of his troops, claimed to be merely there to escort the Southern Tang emissary Qiao Kuangshun (), whom Southern Tang's emperor Li Jing had previously sent to Wuyue, back to Southern Tang. <mask> did not appreciate the risk and took no precautions. When Chai then launched a surprise attack on the Wuyue camp, Luo did not engage fully and allowed the Southern Tang army to head toward <mask>'s headquarters.<mask> barely escaped the attack, but the Wuyue forces were routed. When <mask> returned to Qiantang, Qian Hongchu stripped him of his offices. <mask> died in 965, at the age of 72. At his death, Qian Hongchu (whose name had been changed to Qian Chu by that point) restored his titles and gave him the posthumous name of Zhonglie (忠烈, "faithful and achieving"). Notes and references Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms, vol. 87. Zizhi Tongjian, vols.287, 289, 292, 293. 893 births 965 deaths Politicians from Shaoxing Generals from Zhejiang Wuyue chancellors <mask>e jiedushi of Weiwu Circuit Wuyue people born during Tang Later Tang people Later Jin (Five Dynasties) people Liao dynasty people Later Han (Five Dynasties) people Later Zhou people Song dynasty people

The last two kings of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state, Qian Hongzong and King Zhongxun, served as chancellors of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state. The reign of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang ended in 893. He was from the Zhou Dynasty in modern China. During the Dashun era, his father passed the Tang imperial exams and his grandfather was a county magistrate. The secretary general of Zhendong Circuit, after passing the imperial exams, was made under the control of the warlord. The Tang throne was taken over by a new state of Later Liang in 905. The Prince of Wuyue, known as King <mask>su, was created when Qian Liu became a vassal of Later Liang.After his father's service to the king, the king gave the offices of Xiaoshu Lang and Hubu Yuanwailang to the son of the man. Toward the end of Qian's era, he was trying to find a husband for one of his daughters. Two other sons of prominent officials were summoned to his presence as well. His daughter's husband was chosen after he examined the three of them. The emperor gave the title of Jinbu Langzhong to <mask>. He put <mask> in charge of overseeing the paperwork from various departments of his government because he thought he could do administrative things. After the death of his father, the throne was passed on to his son, who gave the title of "Zhifang Langzhong" to his assistant, and made him the emperor's assistant.One of the emperors of Later Jin was made one of his sons, Qian Hongxuan. During the reigns of the last three kings, it's not clear what role <mask> played. The western headquarters of the Zhenhai Circuit was made in charge of by the younger brother of Qian Hongzuo. The general stationed at the capital of Fu Prefecture, Bao, was the one who tried to turn against Liruyun, the warlord who had control of the Weiwu Circuit. After he took over as acting military governor, Qian Hongzong made him full military governor. The acting military governor of the Yong'an Circuit of Southern Tang mistakenly believed that <mask>e had abandoned Fu Prefecture and that he could. Cha took his army and headed towards Fu.The soldiers were sent out of the city to welcome Cha after hearing that he was approaching. Cha was captured after entering the city and falling into an ambush. The younger brother and successor of Qian Hongzuo gave Cha to the temple but then released him. After making him chancellor, Qian Hongchu made him chancellor again. When Later Zhou, the northern neighbor of Southern Tang, launched a major attack on Southern Tang, the army of Qian Hongchu was stationed on the border with Southern Tang. After the Later Zhou invasion, the army officer Chen Man told the emperor that the important city of Chang Prefecture could easily be taken and that Southern Tang was in shock. The man advocated that the man launch an attack."Tang is a large state, and we cannot take it lightly," said Yuan. We would be in danger if we entered Tang territory and Zhou forces did not show up. Please wait. After listening to <mask>, Qian Hongchu put him in charge of the operations. The soldiers were told that the Chancellor didn't want to launch the attack. The soldiers tried to attack Yuan. "Just as the army is launched, the soldiers want to attack the chancellor," sighs Qian Hongchu, who hid Yuan in his palace.This is a sign of misfortune. As the outer city fell, the initial attack on Chang was successful. The military leader of Chang, Zhao Renze, was captured and delivered to Qiantang. However, <mask> humiliated them, causing them to be upset. Chai Kehong hid most of his troops at Chang in order to escort Qiao Kuangshun, the emissary of the Southern Tang emperor. <mask> didn't take any precautions and didn't appreciate the risk. When Chai launched a surprise attack on the camp, Luo did not engage fully and allowed the Southern Tang army to head toward the headquarters.The Wuyue forces were routed after the attack. He was stripped of his offices when he returned to Qiantang. He died at the age of 72. After his death, Qian Hongchu restored his titles and gave him the posthumous name of Zhonglie, which means "faithful and achieving". There are notes about Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms. There was a score of 87. There are three vols.327, 327, 327, 327, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331, 331, There were 891 births and 960 deaths from the people born in the late Tang, Jin, and Han Dynasties.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim%20Murnane

Tim Murnane

Timothy Hayes Murnane (June 4, 1851 – February 7, 1917) was an American sportswriter specializing in baseball, regarded as the leading baseball writer at The Boston Globe for about 30 years until his death. At the same time, he organized and led professional sports leagues and helped govern the baseball industry. He had been a professional baseball player, and played several seasons in the major leagues as a first baseman and center fielder. Biography Early life Born in Naugatuck, Connecticut, Murnane acquired his Irish brogue from his father, an Irish immigrant. Little is known about his childhood; he mentioned in one of his newspaper columns that he attended school in a one-room rural schoolhouse. While some sources say Murnane attended Holy Cross prep school in Worcester, Massachusetts, this is doubtful; searches in the school's archives show there was another man with the same name who attended, but he was from Fitchburg, Massachusetts, and Murnane was playing baseball in Connecticut during the years he was said to be at Holy Cross. Playing career During Murnane's early years in baseball, he played as a catcher for the Stratford, Connecticut, club in ; some old-timers of that era said this club was called the Savannah Seniors. Murnane remained at catcher for two seasons with the Savannah Seniors, but moved to center field while with the Middletown Mansfields club of Middletown, Connecticut, halfway through the season. The Mansfields entered the professional National Association for , which begins Murnane's major league career in records that count the National Association as a major league. He was the Mansfields' regular first basemen; that would be his most common fielding position but he played only a few full seasons "every day". Following the 1872 Mansfields, Murnane played in the majors for the Philadelphia Athletics (1873–74), Philadelphia White Stockings (1875), Boston Red Caps (1876–77), Providence Grays (1878)—as the first player signed by a new club—and finally the Boston Reds (1884), whom he also managed. During eight seasons in the major leagues Murnane batted .261 with five home runs and 127 runs batted in. Highlights of his playing days would include finishing fifth in the National Association batting race with an average of .359 in 1872, and leading the NA with 30 stolen bases in 1875. While Providence won the championship in its second season, the 27-year-old Murnane was no longer on the team or in the league. In 1879 and 1880, he played part-time for Capital City (in Albany, New York), Rochester, and Albany, before retiring "to open a saloon and billard hall in Boston". Murnane returned to baseball and the major leagues for one year when the Union Association challenged the newly organized baseball industry, placing one of its eight clubs in Boston, backed by George Wright with Murnane one minor investor. Only 32, he served as recruiter, captain, and first baseman of the Boston Reds and guided them to a fifth-place finish with a record of 58–51. They did not threaten the National League in Boston, home to the NL's champion team and one of its anchor franchises. Rather, the Reds or "Unions" were a welcome but decidedly lesser attraction when the Beaneaters were out of town. Later career After his career in uniform, Murnane served as president of the minor league New England League and Eastern League, and went on to a 30-year career as a sportswriter and baseball editor with The Boston Globe. Death Murnane died in 1917 at age 65 of a heart attack while attending the opera at the Schubert Theatre in Boston. News reports said his death came only about 30 minutes after he had written his daily sports column for the Globe. He was originally buried in the Old Dorchester Burial Ground in Dorchester. Hundreds attended Murnane’s funeral. The pallbearers included Boston mayor James Michael Curley and Congressman James A. Gallivan; former Red Sox owner John I. Taylor was an usher. Many ballplayers attended, including Babe Ruth, then a pitcher for the Red Sox. Murnane's place of burial was later moved to the Old Calvary Cemetery in Roslindale. Murnane had left little to care for his widow and four children from his second marriage, so the American League and the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) established a memorial fund for his family and held a benefit game on September 27, 1917, at Fenway Park. The Red Sox, with Babe Ruth pitching, defeated an all-star team that include Ty Cobb, Tris Speaker, and Shoeless Joe Jackson in the outfield. More than 17,000 people attended, generating $13,000 for the Murnane family. The memorial fund purchased a gravestone for Murnane. In 1946, the Baseball Hall of Fame established the Honor Rolls of Baseball and named Murnane one of 12 writers to be honored. He was selected by the BBWAA as a recipient of the J. G. Taylor Spink Award for excellence in baseball journalism in 1978. See also List of Major League Baseball player-managers Sources Eldred, Rich (1996). "Timothy Hayes Murnane". Baseball's First Stars. Edited by Frederick Ivor-Campbell, et al. Cleveland, Ohio: SABR. Retrosheet. "Tim Murnane". Retrieved 2006-09-05. References Further reading Murnane, T. H. (1903) How to play base ball. New York: American Sports Publishing Co. External links Baseball Hall of Fame – Spink Award recipient 1851 births 1917 deaths Baseball writers Sportswriters from Massachusetts Major League Baseball first basemen Major League Baseball outfielders 19th-century baseball players Middletown Mansfields players Philadelphia Athletics (NA) players Philadelphia White Stockings players Boston Red Caps players Providence Grays players Boston Reds (UA) players Boston Reds (UA) managers Baseball players from Connecticut College of the Holy Cross alumni Capital City of Albany players Rochester Hop Bitters players Jersey City Skeeters players Major League Baseball player-managers BBWAA Career Excellence Award recipients People from Naugatuck, Connecticut Sportspeople from New Haven County, Connecticut The Boston Globe people

<mask> (June 4, 1851 – February 7, 1917) was an American sportswriter specializing in baseball, regarded as the leading baseball writer at The Boston Globe for about 30 years until his death. At the same time, he organized and led professional sports leagues and helped govern the baseball industry. He had been a professional baseball player, and played several seasons in the major leagues as a first baseman and center fielder. Biography Early life Born in Naugatuck, Connecticut, Murnane acquired his Irish brogue from his father, an Irish immigrant. Little is known about his childhood; he mentioned in one of his newspaper columns that he attended school in a one-room rural schoolhouse. While some sources say Murnane attended Holy Cross prep school in Worcester, Massachusetts, this is doubtful; searches in the school's archives show there was another man with the same name who attended, but he was from Fitchburg, Massachusetts, and Murnane was playing baseball in Connecticut during the years he was said to be at Holy Cross. Playing career During Murnane's early years in baseball, he played as a catcher for the Stratford, Connecticut, club in ; some old-timers of that era said this club was called the Savannah Seniors.Murnane remained at catcher for two seasons with the Savannah Seniors, but moved to center field while with the Middletown Mansfields club of Middletown, Connecticut, halfway through the season. The Mansfields entered the professional National Association for , which begins Murnane's major league career in records that count the National Association as a major league. He was the Mansfields' regular first basemen; that would be his most common fielding position but he played only a few full seasons "every day". Following the 1872 Mansfields, Murnane played in the majors for the Philadelphia Athletics (1873–74), Philadelphia White Stockings (1875), Boston Red Caps (1876–77), Providence Grays (1878)—as the first player signed by a new club—and finally the Boston Reds (1884), whom he also managed. During eight seasons in the major leagues Murnane batted .261 with five home runs and 127 runs batted in. Highlights of his playing days would include finishing fifth in the National Association batting race with an average of .359 in 1872, and leading the NA with 30 stolen bases in 1875. While Providence won the championship in its second season, the 27-year-old Murnane was no longer on the team or in the league.In 1879 and 1880, he played part-time for Capital City (in Albany, New York), Rochester, and Albany, before retiring "to open a saloon and billard hall in Boston". Murnane returned to baseball and the major leagues for one year when the Union Association challenged the newly organized baseball industry, placing one of its eight clubs in Boston, backed by George Wright with Murnane one minor investor. Only 32, he served as recruiter, captain, and first baseman of the Boston Reds and guided them to a fifth-place finish with a record of 58–51. They did not threaten the National League in Boston, home to the NL's champion team and one of its anchor franchises. Rather, the Reds or "Unions" were a welcome but decidedly lesser attraction when the Beaneaters were out of town. Later career After his career in uniform, Murnane served as president of the minor league New England League and Eastern League, and went on to a 30-year career as a sportswriter and baseball editor with The Boston Globe. Death Murnane died in 1917 at age 65 of a heart attack while attending the opera at the Schubert Theatre in Boston.News reports said his death came only about 30 minutes after he had written his daily sports column for the Globe. He was originally buried in the Old Dorchester Burial Ground in Dorchester. Hundreds attended Murnane’s funeral. The pallbearers included Boston mayor James Michael Curley and Congressman James A. Gallivan; former Red Sox owner John I. Taylor was an usher. Many ballplayers attended, including Babe Ruth, then a pitcher for the Red Sox. Murnane's place of burial was later moved to the Old Calvary Cemetery in Roslindale. Murnane had left little to care for his widow and four children from his second marriage, so the American League and the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) established a memorial fund for his family and held a benefit game on September 27, 1917, at Fenway Park.The Red Sox, with Babe Ruth pitching, defeated an all-star team that include Ty Cobb, Tris Speaker, and Shoeless Joe Jackson in the outfield. More than 17,000 people attended, generating $13,000 for the Murnane family. The memorial fund purchased a gravestone for Murnane. In 1946, the Baseball Hall of Fame established the Honor Rolls of Baseball and named Murnane one of 12 writers to be honored. He was selected by the BBWAA as a recipient of the J. G. Taylor Spink Award for excellence in baseball journalism in 1978. See also List of Major League Baseball player-managers Sources Eldred, Rich (1996). "<mask> Murnane".Baseball's First Stars. Edited by Frederick Ivor-Campbell, et al. Cleveland, Ohio: SABR. Retrosheet. "<mask>ne". Retrieved 2006-09-05. References Further reading <mask>, T. H. (1903) How to play base ball.New York: American Sports Publishing Co. External links Baseball Hall of Fame – Spink Award recipient 1851 births 1917 deaths Baseball writers Sportswriters from Massachusetts Major League Baseball first basemen Major League Baseball outfielders 19th-century baseball players Middletown Mansfields players Philadelphia Athletics (NA) players Philadelphia White Stockings players Boston Red Caps players Providence Grays players Boston Reds (UA) players Boston Reds (UA) managers Baseball players from Connecticut College of the Holy Cross alumni Capital City of Albany players Rochester Hop Bitters players Jersey City Skeeters players Major League Baseball player-managers BBWAA Career Excellence Award recipients People from Naugatuck, Connecticut Sportspeople from New Haven County, Connecticut The Boston Globe people

The leading baseball writer at The Boston Globe for about 30 years until his death, <mask> was an American sportswriter specializing in baseball. He helped govern the baseball industry at the same time he organized and led professional sports leagues. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Murnane got his Irish brogue from his father, an Irish immigrant. He mentioned in one of his newspaper columns that he attended school in a one-room rural schoolhouse. According to some sources, Murnane attended Holy Cross prep school in Massachusetts, but searches in the school's archives show there was another man with the same name who attended, but he was from Massachusetts. Some old-timers of that era said that the club that Murnane played for in Connecticut was called the Savannah Seniors.At the halfway point of the season, Murnane moved to center field, but remained at catcher. Murnane's major league career begins in records that count the National Association as a major league. His most common position was first base, but he only played a few full seasons. Murnane played in the majors for the Philadelphia Athletics, Philadelphia White Stockings, Boston Red Caps, and Providence Grays. Murnane was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He finished fifth in the National Association batting race with an average of.358 in 1872, and led the NA with 30 stolen bases. Murnane was no longer on the team or in the league after Providence won the championship in its second season.After retiring to open a saloon and billard hall in Boston, he played part-time for Capital City in Albany, New York, Rochester, and Albany. When the Union Association challenged the newly organized baseball industry, it placed one of its eight clubs in Boston, backed by George Wright with Murnane one minor investor. He was the leader of the Boston Reds and guided them to a fifth-place finish with a record of 58–51. Boston is home to the NL's champion team and one of its anchor franchises. When the Beaneaters were out of town, the Reds or "Unions" were a lesser attraction. Murnane went on to a 30-year career as a sports writer and baseball editor with The Boston Globe after his career in uniform. Death Murnane died of a heart attack while attending an opera in Boston in 1917.According to reports, his death came about 30 minutes after he wrote his daily sports column. He was buried in the Old Dorchester Burial Ground. Many people attended Murnane's funeral. Boston mayor James Michael Curley and Congressman James A. Gallivan were pallbearers. Babe Ruth was a pitcher for the Red Sox. The place of burial for Murnane was moved to the Old Calvary Cemetery. The American League and the Baseball Writers' Association of America held a benefit game in 1917 to raise money for Murnane's family after he left little to care for them.The all-star team that included Ty Cobb, Tris Speaker, and Shoeless Joe Jackson were defeated by the Red Sox. More than 17,000 people attended and $13,000 was raised for the Murnane family. The gravestone for Murnane was purchased by the memorial fund. In 1946, the Baseball Hall of Fame established the Honor Rolls of Baseball and named Murnane one of 12 writers to be honored. The J. G. Taylor Spink Award was given to him by the BBWAA. There is a list of Major League Baseball player-managers. "<mask>rnane".Baseball's first stars. It was edited by Frederick Ivor-Campbell. SABR is located in Cleveland, Ohio. There is a retrosheet. "<mask>ne". The article was published on 2006-09-05. Murnane wrote about how to play base ball.The American Sports Publishing Co. is in New York. The Spink Award recipient is the Baseball Hall of Fame.

59366249

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.A.%20Griffin

S.A. Griffin

S.A. Griffin (born March 16, 1954) is an American poet, actor, performance artist, and publisher. He co-edited The Outlaw Bible of American Poetry. He spells his name without a space between the first two initials. Biography Griffin was born in San Antonio, Texas, the oldest of six children. He grew up in the San Francisco East Bay, primarily in the Easter Hill Village housing project in Richmond, California. He graduated from Castro Valley High School in the fall of 1972, and voluntarily enlisted in the United States Air Force. Upon completion of his four-year tour of duty, he returned to the East Bay, living in Hayward, California and the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco. In September 1978, he was awarded a scholarship to attend the Los Angeles Civic Light Opera workshop, and relocated to Los Angeles, where he still lives. Since 1979, Griffin has worked on stage and on camera as a professional actor with notable directors such as Clint Eastwood, Burt Reynolds, Kathryn Bigelow, Ivan Reitman, Douglas Trumbull, Joe Pytka, Jeremy Podeswa, Stephen Kessler, Leslie Dektor, and Jeremiah S. Chechik. He is Drama-Logue Award (stage) and Kari Award (commercials) winner, and has appeared in over 150 commercials. In the 1980s, Griffin began appearing in poetry anthologies, periodicals, and publishing poetry. His writing is influenced by the Beat Generation, Charles Bukowski, punk rock, and Dada. He is an adviser on the curatorial council of Beyond Baroque Literary Arts Center, and in 2011 was the first recipient of Beyond Baroque's Distinguished Service Award. During the 1990s, until its close in 1998, he was a regular at the Onyx Cafe in Los Feliz, producing a number of performances and poetry-reading series there. He toured extensively throughout the United States with three poetry performance groups of which he was a founding member: The Lost Tribe (1985-1992), The Carma Bums (1989-2009) and White Trash Apocalypse (1995-1997). Writer Wanda Coleman named him "L.A.'s Best Performance Poet" for The LA Weekly in 1989, and editor Lucinda Michele Knapp called him the "should-be poet laureate of Los Angeles" in the Los Angeles Alternative Press. Griffin founded his imprint, Rose of Sharon press, in 1989 with the publication of Sharktalk by Doug Knott. He also published and edited the underground poetry journals The Fool, (Sic) Vice & Verse, and MEAT, and worked on the editorial staff for Shattersheet and The Moment. He is the co-editor of The Outlaw Bible of American Poetry which received the Firecracker Alternative Book Award in 2000. He co-founded H.I.P. (Hollywood Institute of Poetics) and WWWRN (World Wide Word Radio Network) Blog Talk Radio. In his attempts to bring poetry to a wider audience, outside of publishing broadsides, chapbooks, and periodicals, Griffin has placed poems on billboards and beer bottles. In 2010 Griffin adapted a 1970 240-MK Vietnam War-era practice bomb to house poetry instead of explosives, gathering over 900 poems from around the world. American pinstripe artist and fabricator Skratch pinstriped the bomb, which Griffin named Elsie in honor of his paternal grandmother. Between April and June 2010, Griffin toured with Elsie the Poetry Bomb across the United States, appearing at 30 different venues, and inviting people to put their poems inside. Of the inspiration behind the project, he said: "War, the art, artifact and artifice of war were created to invent and enforce agreements. Hopefully by transforming this piece I have created something that will inspire disagreements. The democratic process depends upon disagreement in order to function.... The Poetry Bomb is a weapon of mass discussion." In 2015, the S.A. Griffin collection of underground poetry, Scott Wannberg, and The Carma Bums, circa 1950-2015 was archived at UCLA, becoming the first acquisition of UCLA's Punk Archive. Books Author The Lost Tribe (1985) with The Lost Tribe Without Skin (1989) with Justice Howard A One Legged Man Standing Casually On Hollywood Blvd. Smoking A Cigarette (Shelf Life Press, 1989) etc. (Rose of Sharon Press, 1993) Heaven Is One Long Naked Dance (Rose of Sharon Press, 1994) Alien Landing Pad (Rose of Sharon Press, 1995) with Iris Berry and Pleasant Gehman Twisted Cadillac (Sacred Beverage Press, 1996) with The Carma Bums The Bad Thing (Phony Lid Publications, 2000) Unborn Again (Phony Lid, 2001) Duckwalking Thru The Apocalypse (Bottle of Smoke Press, 2003)Armageddon Outta Here! (Rose of Sharon Press, 2004) with The Carma BumsHarvey Keitel, Harvey Keitel, Harvey Keitel (Butcher Shop Press, Rose of Sharon, Temple of Man, 2005) with John Dorsey and Scott Wannberg2 (greenpanda press, 2006) with John DorseyVirgin Erotica (greenpanda press, 2006) with John DorseyNumbskull Sutra (Rank Stranger Press, 2007)John & Sarah Do D.C. (Bottle of Speech, 2008)The Electric President (Rose of Sharon Press, 2008)The Fucker Inside (Tainted Coffee Press, 2008)They Swear We Don't Exist (Bottle of Smoke, 2010)Dreams Gone Mad With Hope on (Punk Hostage Press, 2014)Harvey Korman Harvey Korman Harvey Korman (Spartan Press, 2017) with John Dorsey and Scott Wannberg EditorSharktalk (Rose of Sharon Press, 1988) by Doug KnottThe Electric Yes Indeed! (Shelf Life Press, 1989) by Scott WannbergThe Outlaw Bible of American Poetry (Thunders Mouth Press, 1999)The Outlaw's Prayer: Teaching The Dead to Sing (Rose of Sharon Press, 2006) by John DorseyBlack Ace 8 (Temple of Man, 2007)An Interview with Ted Berrigan (Rose of Sharon Press, 2013)Natural Geographics (Rose of Sharon Press, 2014) by M. Lane BrunerThe Official Language of Yes (Perceval Press, 2015) by Scott WannbergThe Hideous Bible (Rose of Sharon Press, 2016) by The Lost Bumslost bastard chronicles (Rose of Sharon Press, 2017) by mark hartenbach Awards Drama-Logue Award, for Best Actor as Jud in Oklahoma! (1979) LA Weekly's Best Performance Poet, (1989) Firecracker Alternative Book Award, for The Outlaw Bible of American Poetry (2000) Beyond Baroque Distinguished Service Award, first recipient (2011) FilmographyBattle Beyond the Stars (1980) - Lettress (uncredited)Rimbaud in L.A. (1982) - CarjatPale Rider (1985) - Deputy FolkeIn the Mood (1987) - Cpl. Howard Glatt, USMCNear Dark (1987) - Police Officer at MotelNightmare at Noon (1988) - Albino's Henchman #1Angel III: The Final Chapter (1988) - RogerTwins (1988) - Hollywood Biker #1Let It Ride (1989) - TrainerCool as Ice (1991) - MorriseyBed of Roses (1996) - StanleyLuxor Live (1996) - OsirisVegas Vacation (1997) - Pit BossNo More Baths (1998) - Bud BildmoreSimon Says (1998) - Ed SimonThe Independent (2000) - SlateBuying the Cow (2002) - StanleyWorld Trade Center (2006) - FDNY Lieutenant (uncredited)Cook Off! (2007) - Dave CarriereRed Velvet (2008) - FatherAshes (2010) - Peter EhrlichThe Great Intervention (2010) - Dr. Alan GriffinCalifornia Scheming'' (2014) - Mr. Rourke References External links The Open Ended It - official site S.A. Griffin's poem "Walt Whitman's Beard" - a video The Poetry Bomb - a video 1954 births American male film actors American male television actors American male poets Male actors from California Poets from California Outlaw poets Living people

S.A<mask> (born March 16, 1954) is an American poet, actor, performance artist, and publisher. He co-edited The Outlaw Bible of American Poetry. He spells his name without a space between the first two initials. Biography <mask> was born in San Antonio, Texas, the oldest of six children. He grew up in the San Francisco East Bay, primarily in the Easter Hill Village housing project in Richmond, California. He graduated from Castro Valley High School in the fall of 1972, and voluntarily enlisted in the United States Air Force. Upon completion of his four-year tour of duty, he returned to the East Bay, living in Hayward, California and the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco.In September 1978, he was awarded a scholarship to attend the Los Angeles Civic Light Opera workshop, and relocated to Los Angeles, where he still lives. Since 1979, <mask> has worked on stage and on camera as a professional actor with notable directors such as Clint Eastwood, Burt Reynolds, Kathryn Bigelow, Ivan Reitman, Douglas Trumbull, Joe Pytka, Jeremy Podeswa, Stephen Kessler, Leslie Dektor, and Jeremiah S. Chechik. He is Drama-Logue Award (stage) and Kari Award (commercials) winner, and has appeared in over 150 commercials. In the 1980s, <mask> began appearing in poetry anthologies, periodicals, and publishing poetry. His writing is influenced by the Beat Generation, Charles Bukowski, punk rock, and Dada. He is an adviser on the curatorial council of Beyond Baroque Literary Arts Center, and in 2011 was the first recipient of Beyond Baroque's Distinguished Service Award. During the 1990s, until its close in 1998, he was a regular at the Onyx Cafe in Los Feliz, producing a number of performances and poetry-reading series there.He toured extensively throughout the United States with three poetry performance groups of which he was a founding member: The Lost Tribe (1985-1992), The Carma Bums (1989-2009) and White Trash Apocalypse (1995-1997). Writer Wanda Coleman named him "L.A.'s Best Performance Poet" for The LA Weekly in 1989, and editor Lucinda Michele Knapp called him the "should-be poet laureate of Los Angeles" in the Los Angeles Alternative Press. <mask> founded his imprint, Rose of Sharon press, in 1989 with the publication of Sharktalk by Doug Knott. He also published and edited the underground poetry journals The Fool, (Sic) Vice & Verse, and MEAT, and worked on the editorial staff for Shattersheet and The Moment. He is the co-editor of The Outlaw Bible of American Poetry which received the Firecracker Alternative Book Award in 2000. He co-founded H.I.P. (Hollywood Institute of Poetics) and WWWRN (World Wide Word Radio Network) Blog Talk Radio.In his attempts to bring poetry to a wider audience, outside of publishing broadsides, chapbooks, and periodicals, <mask> has placed poems on billboards and beer bottles. In 2010 <mask> adapted a 1970 240-MK Vietnam War-era practice bomb to house poetry instead of explosives, gathering over 900 poems from around the world. American pinstripe artist and fabricator Skratch pinstriped the bomb, which <mask> named Elsie in honor of his paternal grandmother. Between April and June 2010, <mask> toured with Elsie the Poetry Bomb across the United States, appearing at 30 different venues, and inviting people to put their poems inside. Of the inspiration behind the project, he said: "War, the art, artifact and artifice of war were created to invent and enforce agreements. Hopefully by transforming this piece I have created something that will inspire disagreements. The democratic process depends upon disagreement in order to function....The Poetry Bomb is a weapon of mass discussion." In 2015, the S.A. Griffin collection of underground poetry, Scott Wannberg, and The Carma Bums, circa 1950-2015 was archived at UCLA, becoming the first acquisition of UCLA's Punk Archive. Books Author The Lost Tribe (1985) with The Lost Tribe Without Skin (1989) with Justice Howard A One Legged Man Standing Casually On Hollywood Blvd. Smoking A Cigarette (Shelf Life Press, 1989) etc. (Rose of Sharon Press, 1993) Heaven Is One Long Naked Dance (Rose of Sharon Press, 1994) Alien Landing Pad (Rose of Sharon Press, 1995) with Iris Berry and Pleasant Gehman Twisted Cadillac (Sacred Beverage Press, 1996) with The Carma Bums The Bad Thing (Phony Lid Publications, 2000) Unborn Again (Phony Lid, 2001) Duckwalking Thru The Apocalypse (Bottle of Smoke Press, 2003)Armageddon Outta Here! (Rose of Sharon Press, 2004) with The Carma BumsHarvey Keitel, Harvey Keitel, Harvey Keitel (Butcher Shop Press, Rose of Sharon, Temple of Man, 2005) with John Dorsey and Scott Wannberg2 (greenpanda press, 2006) with John DorseyVirgin Erotica (greenpanda press, 2006) with John DorseyNumbskull Sutra (Rank Stranger Press, 2007)John & Sarah Do D.C. (Bottle of Speech, 2008)The Electric President (Rose of Sharon Press, 2008)The Fucker Inside (Tainted Coffee Press, 2008)They Swear We Don't Exist (Bottle of Smoke, 2010)Dreams Gone Mad With Hope on (Punk Hostage Press, 2014)Harvey Korman Harvey Korman Harvey Korman (Spartan Press, 2017) with John Dorsey and Scott Wannberg EditorSharktalk (Rose of Sharon Press, 1988) by Doug KnottThe Electric Yes Indeed! (Shelf Life Press, 1989) by Scott WannbergThe Outlaw Bible of American Poetry (Thunders Mouth Press, 1999)The Outlaw's Prayer: Teaching The Dead to Sing (Rose of Sharon Press, 2006) by John DorseyBlack Ace 8 (Temple of Man, 2007)An Interview with Ted Berrigan (Rose of Sharon Press, 2013)Natural Geographics (Rose of Sharon Press, 2014) by M. Lane BrunerThe Official Language of Yes (Perceval Press, 2015) by Scott WannbergThe Hideous Bible (Rose of Sharon Press, 2016) by The Lost Bumslost bastard chronicles (Rose of Sharon Press, 2017) by mark hartenbach Awards Drama-Logue Award, for Best Actor as Jud in Oklahoma!(1979) LA Weekly's Best Performance Poet, (1989) Firecracker Alternative Book Award, for The Outlaw Bible of American Poetry (2000) Beyond Baroque Distinguished Service Award, first recipient (2011) FilmographyBattle Beyond the Stars (1980) - Lettress (uncredited)Rimbaud in L.A. (1982) - CarjatPale Rider (1985) - Deputy FolkeIn the Mood (1987) - Cpl. Howard Glatt, USMCNear Dark (1987) - Police Officer at MotelNightmare at Noon (1988) - Albino's Henchman #1Angel III: The Final Chapter (1988) - RogerTwins (1988) - Hollywood Biker #1Let It Ride (1989) - TrainerCool as Ice (1991) - MorriseyBed of Roses (1996) - StanleyLuxor Live (1996) - OsirisVegas Vacation (1997) - Pit BossNo More Baths (1998) - Bud BildmoreSimon Says (1998) - Ed SimonThe Independent (2000) - SlateBuying the Cow (2002) - StanleyWorld Trade Center (2006) - FDNY Lieutenant (uncredited)Cook Off! (2007) - Dave CarriereRed Velvet (2008) - FatherAshes (2010) - Peter EhrlichThe Great Intervention (2010) - Dr. <mask>California Scheming'' (2014) - Mr. Rourke References External links The Open Ended It - official site S.A. <mask>'s poem "Walt Whitman's Beard" - a video The Poetry Bomb - a video 1954 births American male film actors American male television actors American male poets Male actors from California Poets from California Outlaw poets Living people

S.A<mask> is an American poet, actor, performance artist, and publisher. The Outlaw Bible of American Poetry was co-edited by him. There is no space between the first two initials. The oldest of six children was born in San Antonio, Texas. He grew up in the San Francisco East Bay in the Easter Hill Village housing project. He enlisted in the United States Air Force after graduating from Castro Valley High School. He lived in the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco after completing his four-year tour of duty.He relocated to Los Angeles in 1978 after being awarded a scholarship to attend the Los Angeles Civic Light Opera workshop. Since 1979 he has worked on stage and on camera as a professional actor with notable directors such as Clint Eastwood, Douglas Trumbull, Joe Pytka, Jeremy Podeswa and Stephen Kessler. He won the Drama-Logue Award and has appeared in over 150 commercials. In the 1980s, he appeared in poetry anthology, periodicals, and publishing poetry. The Beat Generation, Charles Bukowski, and punk rock influenced his writing. He was the first recipient of Beyond Baroque's distinguished service award. During the 1990s, he was a regular at the Onyx Cafe in Los Feliz, where he produced a number of performances and poetry-reading series.He was a founding member of three poetry performance groups: The Lost Tribe, The Carma Bums and White Trash Apocalypse. He was named "L.A.'s Best Performance Poet" by The LA Weekly in 1989 and the editor of the Los Angeles Alternative Press called him the "should-be poet Laureate of Los Angeles". Rose of Sharon press was founded in 1989 with the publication of Sharktalk. He worked on the editorial staff for Shattersheet and The Moment, as well as publishing and editing underground poetry journals. The Outlaw Bible of American Poetry received the Firecracker Alternative Book Award in 2000. H.I.P. was co-founded by him. The Hollywood Institute of Poetics and the World Wide Word Radio Network have websites.Poems have been placed on beer bottles and billboards in an attempt to bring poetry to a wider audience. A 1970 240-MK Vietnam War-era practice bomb was adapted to house poetry instead of explosives, gathering over 900 poems from around the world. The bomb was pinstriped by an American artist and named after his paternal grandmother. During the spring and summer of 2010, the Poetry Bomb was on tour, appearing at 30 different venues and inviting people to put their poems inside. He said that the inspiration behind the project was the creation of war. I hope I have created something that will inspire disagreements. The democratic process depends on disagreement.The Poetry Bomb is used for mass discussion. The first acquisition of UCLA's Punk Archive was the S.A. <mask> collection of underground poetry, Scott Wannberg, and The Carma Bums. The Lost Tribe Without Skin was written by The Lost Tribe. Smoking a cigarette is included in theShelf Life Press. Heaven Is One Long Naked Dance, Alien Landing Pad, and The Carma Bums The Bad Thing were all written by Rose of Sharon Press. The Carma BumsHarvey Keitel, Harvey Keitel, Harvey Keitel, and Scott Wannberg were featured in the Rose of Sharon Press. The Outlaw's Prayer: Teaching the Dead to Sing (Rose of Sharon Press, 2006) was written by John Dorsey.The Firecracker Alternative Book Award for The Outlaw Bible of American Poetry was given by LA Weekly. Howard Glatt was the police officer at Motel Nightmare at Noon. The Open Ended It is an official site.

8200980

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranbir%20Singh%20of%20Jammu%20and%20Kashmir

Ranbir Singh of Jammu and Kashmir

Ranbir Singh (August 1830 – 12 September 1885) was Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir from 1856 until his death in 1885. Ranbir Singh was the third son of Gulab Singh, the founder of the Jammu and Kashmir state. Ranbir Singh ascended the throne in 1856 after Gulab Singh's abdication due to his poor health. Unlike European women and children, Indian mutineers were not allowed to take refuge in his state. He also sent his troops to help the British to besiege Delhi. He was subsequently rewarded for his behaviour during the mutiny. He went on to annex Gilgit which had previously witnessed a rebellion against the state. The princely states of Hunza and Nagar started paying tributes to Jammu and Kashmir during his reign. He also established a modern judicial system. Civil and criminal laws were compiled into the Ranbir Penal Code during his reign. Ranbir Singh was a scholar of Sanskrit and Persian languages and had many books translated. Early life Singh was born at Ramgarh, Jammu and Kashmir in August 1830. He was the third son of Maharaja Gulab Singh. His mother Rakwal Maharani was the first wife of Gulab Singh. Ranbir Singh was adopted by Raja Suchet Singh, his childless uncle, and inherited all his jagirs upon his death in 1844. Reign Ranbir Singh's father Maharaja Gulab Singh suffered from edema. With his health deteriorating, he decided to abdicate in early 1856. Subsequently, Ranbir Singh ascended the throne of Jammu and Kashmir on 20 February 1856. Gulab Singh was appointed governor of Kashmir. Sepoy Mutiny In 1857, the Sepoy Mutiny, an uprising against the British rule broke mainly in present-day Delhi and Uttar Pradesh. Under the leadership of Ranbir and Gulab Singh, the state allied with the British. They sent money to the British troops stationed at Punjab. The mutineers were not allowed to take asylum in the state, which bordered the then British India. British women and children took refuge in the Kashmir valley. After the death of Gulab Singh, Ranbir Singh sent a battalion of Jammu and Kashmiri soldiers to help the British to besiege Delhi. He was subsequently rewarded for his loyalty to the British. The Treaty of Amritsar was amended in 1860 and a new provision was inserted which allowed a Dogra ruler to adopt a child from a collateral branch of the family. Previously, according to the treaty, the state would have been annexed by the British if a ruler did not have a natural heir. He was also rewarded with the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India in 1862. His gun salute was increased from 19 to 21 guns. Annexation of Gilgit During the final years of Gulab Singh's reign, a rebellion in Gilgit caused heavy casualties to the Dogra troops. In 1860, Ranbir Singh sent his army under the leadership of Colonel Devi Singh Narania, Colonel Bijai Singh and General Hoshiara Singh to Gilgit. They successfully recaptured Gilgit. By the end of 1870, the states of Hunza and Nagar started paying tributes to Jammu and Kashmir. In return, they received an annual subsidy. Reforms Ranbir Singh established a modern judicial system. Civil and criminal laws were written and consolidated into the Ranbir Penal Code which were followed in the Indian part of Jammu and Kashmir. Now it has been removed as the Parliament of India has passed the bill to scrap provisions of Article 370 of the Indian Constitution on 5 August 2019. The judicial system was handed over to the executive officers. Separate prisons were built for political prisoners. Ranbir Singh organized two durbars in a day in which he heard petitions. Ranbir Singh founded separate departments for foreign affairs, home affairs, civil affairs and army. He founded a silk factory in the state. He also promoted its trade. The shawl industry flourished during his reign which provided employment and a minimum income to his subjects. Opposition to a Resident As per the Treaty of Amritsar, there was no provision for the appointment of a Resident in the state. With the appointment of an Officer-on-Special-Duty in 1851, the idea of appointing a Resident started dominating amongst the British government. In 1873, The Lord Northbrook, the then Governor-General of India wrote to Ranbir Singh about a proposal to appoint a British Resident in Kashmir. However, Singh rejected such a proposal. He submitted a memorandum and reminded the services of Gulab Singh to the British. He also reminded the British that unlike most of the monarchs of princely states, he refused to take any jagir as a gift in lieu of his services during the Sepoy Mutiny. In 1882, Ranbir Singh wrote to the British government and requested them to nominate his younger son Amar Singh as his successor. He felt that Amar Singh was more wise than his siblings - Pratap Singh and Ram Singh. On 12 September 1885, Ranbir Singh died. Governor-general The Lord Ripon announced that Pratap Singh would succeed him. In return, Pratap Singh yielded to the British demand of appointing a Resident. Personal life Interests Ranbir Singh followed the footsteps of Zain-ul-Abidin and Avantivarman, who were former rulers of Kashmir. He employed pandits and maulvis to translate and transliterate religious texts. Sir Aurel Stein catalogued 5,000 such works. Besides religious books, books on medical sciences were also translated into Urdu, Dogri and Hindi. Ranbir Singh was a scholar of Sanskrit and Persian languages. He was also fond of speaking Pashto. He conversed with his Afghan bodyguards in Pashto. He established a Sanskrit pathshaala in the complex of the Raghunath Temple. Grammar, philosophy, poetry, algebra, Euclidean geometry and Vedas were taught in it. Although Ranbir Singh received semi-formal education, he was interested in spreading education amongst the masses. He donated to University of the Punjab at the time of its establishment in 1882. In return he was made the first fellow of the university. Ranbir Singh frequently met scholars of various subjects and discussed the subjects with them. Family In June 1843, Ranbir Singh married Subh Devi Sahiba, the daughter of the raja of Siba State. In October 1848, he married a princess of Bilaspur state. In July 1871, he married for a third time to Charak Maharani Krishna Devi. After 1880, he married twice. Singh had six children including four sons: Source: References Bibliography External links 1830 births 1885 deaths Hindu monarchs Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India Maharajas of Jammu and Kashmir 19th-century Indian royalty

<mask> (August 1830 – 12 September 1885) was Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir from 1856 until his death in 1885. <mask> was the third son of <mask>, the founder of the Jammu and Kashmir state. <mask> ascended the throne in 1856 after <mask>'s abdication due to his poor health. Unlike European women and children, Indian mutineers were not allowed to take refuge in his state. He also sent his troops to help the British to besiege Delhi. He was subsequently rewarded for his behaviour during the mutiny. He went on to annex Gilgit which had previously witnessed a rebellion against the state.The princely states of Hunza and Nagar started paying tributes to Jammu and Kashmir during his reign. He also established a modern judicial system. Civil and criminal laws were compiled into the Ranbir Penal Code during his reign. <mask> <mask> was a scholar of Sanskrit and Persian languages and had many books translated. Early life <mask> was born at Ramgarh, Jammu and Kashmir in August 1830. He was the third son of Maharaja Gulab <mask>. His mother Rakwal Maharani was the first wife of Gulab <mask>.<mask> <mask> was adopted by Raja Suchet <mask>, his childless uncle, and inherited all his jagirs upon his death in 1844. Reign <mask> <mask>'s father Maharaja Gulab <mask> suffered from edema. With his health deteriorating, he decided to abdicate in early 1856. Subsequently, <mask> <mask> ascended the throne of Jammu and Kashmir on 20 February 1856. Gulab <mask> was appointed governor of Kashmir. Sepoy Mutiny In 1857, the Sepoy Mutiny, an uprising against the British rule broke mainly in present-day Delhi and Uttar Pradesh. Under the leadership of <mask> and Gulab <mask>, the state allied with the British.They sent money to the British troops stationed at Punjab. The mutineers were not allowed to take asylum in the state, which bordered the then British India. British women and children took refuge in the Kashmir valley. After the death of Gulab <mask>, <mask> <mask> sent a battalion of Jammu and Kashmiri soldiers to help the British to besiege Delhi. He was subsequently rewarded for his loyalty to the British. The Treaty of Amritsar was amended in 1860 and a new provision was inserted which allowed a Dogra ruler to adopt a child from a collateral branch of the family. Previously, according to the treaty, the state would have been annexed by the British if a ruler did not have a natural heir.He was also rewarded with the Most Exalted Order of the Star of India in 1862. His gun salute was increased from 19 to 21 guns. Annexation of Gilgit During the final years of Gulab <mask>'s reign, a rebellion in Gilgit caused heavy casualties to the Dogra troops. In 1860, <mask> <mask> sent his army under the leadership of Colonel <mask> Narania, Colonel Bijai <mask> and General Hoshiara <mask> to Gilgit. They successfully recaptured Gilgit. By the end of 1870, the states of Hunza and Nagar started paying tributes to Jammu and Kashmir. In return, they received an annual subsidy.Reforms <mask> <mask> established a modern judicial system. Civil and criminal laws were written and consolidated into the Ranbir Penal Code which were followed in the Indian part of Jammu and Kashmir. Now it has been removed as the Parliament of India has passed the bill to scrap provisions of Article 370 of the Indian Constitution on 5 August 2019. The judicial system was handed over to the executive officers. Separate prisons were built for political prisoners. <mask> <mask> organized two durbars in a day in which he heard petitions. <mask> <mask> founded separate departments for foreign affairs, home affairs, civil affairs and army.He founded a silk factory in the state. He also promoted its trade. The shawl industry flourished during his reign which provided employment and a minimum income to his subjects. Opposition to a Resident As per the Treaty of Amritsar, there was no provision for the appointment of a Resident in the state. With the appointment of an Officer-on-Special-Duty in 1851, the idea of appointing a Resident started dominating amongst the British government. In 1873, The Lord Northbrook, the then Governor-General of India wrote to <mask> <mask> about a proposal to appoint a British Resident in Kashmir. However, <mask> rejected such a proposal.He submitted a memorandum and reminded the services of Gulab <mask> to the British. He also reminded the British that unlike most of the monarchs of princely states, he refused to take any jagir as a gift in lieu of his services during the Sepoy Mutiny. In 1882, <mask> <mask> wrote to the British government and requested them to nominate his younger son <mask> as his successor. He felt that <mask> was more wise than his siblings - Pratap <mask> and <mask>. On 12 September 1885, <mask> <mask> died. Governor-general The Lord Ripon announced that Pratap <mask> would succeed him. In return, Pratap <mask> yielded to the British demand of appointing a Resident.Personal life Interests <mask> <mask> followed the footsteps of Zain-ul-Abidin and Avantivarman, who were former rulers of Kashmir. He employed pandits and maulvis to translate and transliterate religious texts. Sir Aurel Stein catalogued 5,000 such works. Besides religious books, books on medical sciences were also translated into Urdu, Dogri and Hindi. <mask> <mask> was a scholar of Sanskrit and Persian languages. He was also fond of speaking Pashto. He conversed with his Afghan bodyguards in Pashto.He established a Sanskrit pathshaala in the complex of the Raghunath Temple. Grammar, philosophy, poetry, algebra, Euclidean geometry and Vedas were taught in it. Although <mask> <mask> received semi-formal education, he was interested in spreading education amongst the masses. He donated to University of the Punjab at the time of its establishment in 1882. In return he was made the first fellow of the university. <mask> <mask> frequently met scholars of various subjects and discussed the subjects with them. Family In June 1843, <mask> <mask> married Subh Devi Sahiba, the daughter of the raja of Siba State.In October 1848, he married a princess of Bilaspur state. In July 1871, he married for a third time to Charak Maharani Krishna Devi. After 1880, he married twice. <mask> had six children including four sons: Source: References Bibliography External links 1830 births 1885 deaths Hindu monarchs Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India Maharajas of Jammu and Kashmir 19th-century Indian royalty

From 1856 until his death in 1885, <mask> was the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir. The founder of the Jammu and Kashmir state was the third son of <mask>. After <mask>'s abdication due to his poor health, <mask>bir Penal Code was created during his rule. A scholar of Sanskrit and Persian languages, <mask> <mask> had many books translated. <mask> was born in Jammu and Kashmir in August 1830. He was the third son of a ruler. His mother was the first wife of a man.After his death in 1844, Raja Suchet <mask> took over all his jagirs. The father of <mask> <mask> suffered from edema. He abdicated in 1856 because of his health issues. On February 20, 1856, <mask> <mask> ascended the throne of Jammu and Kashmir. The governor of Kashmir was appointed. The Sepoy Mutiny was an uprising against the British rule that broke out in Delhi and UP. The state was allied with the British.The money was sent to the British troops. The state, which was bordered by the British India, was not a good place to take refuge. There were British women and children in the valley. After the death of Gulab <mask>, a battalion of Jammu and Kashmiri soldiers was sent to help the British. He was rewarded for his loyalty to the British. A new provision was added to the Treaty of Amritsar in 1860 which allowed a Dogra ruler to adopt a child from a branch of the family. If a ruler did not have a natural heir, the state would have been annexed by the British.The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India was given to him in 1862. His gun salute went from 19 to 21. The Dogra troops were killed in a rebellion in Gilgit during the last years of Gulab <mask>'s reign. In 1860, the army of <mask> <mask> was sent to Gilgit. They were able to regain Gilgit. The states of Hunza and Nagar began paying homage to Jammu and Kashmir at the end of 1870. They received an annual subsidy.A modern judicial system was established by the reformers. The Ranbir Penal Code was followed in the Indian part of Jammu and Kashmir. The Parliament of India passed a bill to scrap the provisions of the Indian Constitution on August 5, 2019. The executive officers took over the judicial system. There were separate prisons for political prisoners. In a day, he heard petitions. There were separate departments for foreign affairs, home affairs, civil affairs and army.He started a silk factory in the state. He promoted the trade. The shawl industry provided employment and a minimum income to his subjects. The Treaty of Amritsar did not provide for the appointment of a Resident in the state. The idea of appointing a Resident began to dominate the British government with the appointment of an Officer-on-Special-Duty. The Governor-General of India wrote to <mask> <mask> about appointing a British Resident in Kashmir. <mask> rejected the proposal.He reminded the British of the services of Gulab <mask>. He reminded the British that unlike most of the monarchs of princely states, he refused to take any jagir as a gift in lieu of his services during the Sepoy Mutiny. <mask> <mask> wrote to the British government in order to have his son nominated as his successor. Pratap <mask> and <mask> were his siblings. On September 12th, 1885, <mask> <mask> died. Pratap <mask> would succeed the governor-general. Pratap <mask> agreed to the British demand of appointing a Resident.Personal life interests were followed by former rulers of Kashmir. Pandits and maulvis were employed to translate religious texts. The works were catalogued by Sir Aurel Stein. Medical sciences books were also translated into other languages. He was a scholar of Persian and Sanskrit. He was fond of speaking Pashto. He talked to his Afghan bodyguards in Pashto.There is a pathshaala in the complex of the Raghunath Temple. There were many topics taught in it. The man who received semi-formal education was interested in spreading education. He donated to the University of the Punjab when it was established. He became the first fellow of the university. The scholars of various subjects were discussed with by <mask> <mask>. In June 1843, the son of a raja married the daughter of another raja.He married a princess of Bilaspur state. He married for the third time in July 1871. He married twice in the 19th century. <mask> had six children including four sons.

65371945

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernadette%20Mazurek%20Melnyk

Bernadette Mazurek Melnyk

Bernadette J. Mazurek Melnyk (born March 20, 1957) is an American nurse. She is a professor of pediatrics and psychiatry at Ohio State University College of Medicine and dean of the College of Nursing. Melnyk is also the editor in chief of the journal Worldviews on Evidence Based Nursing. Early life and education Melnyk was born on March 20, 1957. Growing up in Republic, Pennsylvania, she attended Redstone Township High School and Brownsville Area High School while her brother Fred Mazurek was recruited to play professional football. At the age of 15, Melnyk's mother was diagnosed with high blood pressure and suffered a stroke in front of her in their home. As a result, Melnyk began experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but found a lack of resources through her family physicians. Within the next four years, various other members of her family died including her cousin, grandmother, and father. Melynk earned her Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree from West Virginia University before returning to her hometown state and attending the University of Pittsburgh for her Master of Science in Nursing degree and pediatric nurse practitioner certification. While practising at the UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Melynk delivered her first child who experienced complications at birth. She said it was hard for her to continue working in the pediatric unit after this and she accepted a teaching position in the diploma program at UPMC Shadyside Hospital. Following this, Melynk enrolled at the University of Rochester for a PhD in clinical research and her post-masters certificate as a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner. She divorced her first husband while interviewing for their graduate school. Career Upon completing her PhD Melnyk re-married and interviewed at five universities, but chose to stay at the University of Rochester. Shortly thereafter, she was appointed a professor and associate dean for research and director of the Center for Research & Evidenced-Based Practice and Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Program at the University of Rochester's School of Nursing. She also served as a professor of pediatrics in their School of Medicine and Dentistry. In 1999, Ellen Fineout-Overholt applied to Melnyk's Center for Research and Evidence-Based Practice and together they published Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and Healthcare: A Guide to Best Practice. In recognition of her efforts, she received the Audrey Hepburn Award and the Jessie M. Scott Award from the American Nurses Association. In 2004, Melnyk left the University of Rochester to accept a deanship position at Arizona State University's (ASU) College of Nursing, replacing Barbara Durand. Prior to accepting the position, Melnyk told the hiring committee that she would "infuse evidence-based practice throughout all our programs, to work with hospitals and health care systems in Arizona to really advance EBP." After serving in this role for 20 months, she launched the United States' first master’s degree program in health care innovation and formed partnerships with the Mayo Clinic, Banner Health, Phoenix Children's Hospital, and Dublin City University. As a result, she was the recipient of the 2006 Health Care Hero Innovator of the Year award which "honors someone who breaks ground in the health care field by developing or implementing new technology, treatments, or programs with wide applications." During her tenure at ASU, Melnyk was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Nursing and the National Academies of Practice while also sitting on the United States Preventive Services Task Force. She also received funding from the National Institute of Nursing Research to establish the COPE program (Creating Opportunities for Personal Empowerment) to help parents of young hospitalized children cope with their illnesses and hospitalization. On September 15, 2011, Melnyk left ASU to accept a position as Ohio State University's (OSU) dean of the College of Nursing and associate vice president for Health Promotion and chief wellness officer. She was OSU's first chief wellness officer and the first at any United States university. Upon arriving at OSU, she formed the One University Health & Wellness Council, aimed at gathering leaders in health and wellness at the university to improve on the school's culture of wellness. As a result of her accomplishments in intervention research, evidence-based practice, and child and adolescent mental health, she was awarded the 2012 Midwest Nursing Research Society (MNRS) Senior Scientist Award. She continued her research into the COPE program and published data in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine which found that students who exercised for 15 to 20 minutes daily were less likely to gain significant weight than those who attended traditional health classes. This was because the students who exercised were taught cognitive techniques to reduce stress and anxiety. Melnyk's continued advocacy for evidence-based practices were further recognized in 2013 when her edited book Intervention Research: Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Funding received the American Journal of Nursing Book of the Year award for nursing research. She also accepted an appointment to the editor of Worldviews on Evidence Based Nursing, and received an election to the National Institute of Medicine. Based on data including awards, Top 10 rankings, National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding, and National Council Lincensure Examination (NCLEX) passing percentage, Melnyk was named one of 30 most influential nursing deans in 2015. The following year, the third edition of Melnyk's book Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and Healthcare: A Guide to Best Practice received the 2016 Book of the Year Award from American Journal of Nursing. One of the judges reviewing her book wrote: "This comprehensive text provides a strong foundation for implementing and sustaining EBP in clinical decision making for all levels of nurses, from undergraduate nursing students to doctors of nursing practice and seasoned practitioners. Even beginner students will find the information interesting and will be encouraged to actively engage in EBP to improve patient outcomes." Melnyk also led an evidence-based practices study examining why hospitals that attempt to improve patient outcomes and reduce costs simultaneously often fail. To reach this conclusion, her research team surveyed 276 chief nurse executives across the United States to collect data on how evidence-based practice ranks as a priority in their institutions. In response, more than half reported that it is had limited practised in their organization. As a leader at OSU's College of Nursing, Melnyk increased their enrollment and hiring of faculty members and rose their school ranking in the U.S. News & World Report. In recognition of her efforts, she was promoted to vice president for health promotion and reappointed dean through 2022. Following her promotion, Melnyk receives the 2017 Sharp Cutting Edge Award from the American Association of Nurse Practitioners for having shown "leadership through innovative services, technologies or advocacy activities that advanced NP practise and patient care on a national level." Likewise, she was also the recipient of the American Organization of Nurse Executives Foundation 2017 Nurse Researcher Award in recognition of "a nurse researcher who has made significant contributions to nursing research and is recognized by the broader nursing community as an outstanding nurse researcher." She continued to study the quality of health care practices across the nation in 2017 by receiving funding from the National Institutes of Health/National Institute for Minority Health and Health Disparities for a study entitled, Healthy Lifestyle Intervention for High-Risk Minority Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The aim of the study was to test a cognitive behavioural skills building prenatal care intervention program for pregnant minority women experiencing emotional distress. In 2018, Melnyk received numerous accolades from the medical and nursing community including the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses 2018 Pioneering Spirit Award for her significant contributions that influenced high-acuity and critical care nursing. She was also appointed to sit on the Board of Directors for the National Forum for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention. The following year, Melnyk was awarded her third “Academy Edge Runner” Honor from American Academy of Nursing for her successful cognitive-behavioral skills building intervention programs. During the COVID-19 pandemic in North America, Melnyk established a partnership between OSU's College of Nursing and Trusted Health, a career platform for nurses. The goal of the partnership was to promote mental health and well-being for travel nurses on the front lines. She also sat as vice chair of the Safe Campus and Scientific Advisory Subgroup of the COVID-19 Transition Task Force and encouraged students to wear face masks. Selected publications Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice Intervention Research: Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Funding References External links Dr. Bernadette Melnyk's 'One Of The Bigger Dreamer Nurse Leader' Essay Living people 1957 births Arizona State University faculty Ohio State University faculty University of Rochester faculty University of Rochester alumni University of Pittsburgh alumni West Virginia University alumni Members of the National Academy of Medicine American women nurses Academics from Pennsylvania Academic journal editors American women academics 21st-century American women

Bernadette J<mask> (born March 20, 1957) is an American nurse. She is a professor of pediatrics and psychiatry at Ohio State University College of Medicine and dean of the College of Nursing. <mask> is also the editor in chief of the journal Worldviews on Evidence Based Nursing. Early life and education <mask> was born on March 20, 1957. Growing up in Republic, Pennsylvania, she attended Redstone Township High School and Brownsville Area High School while her brother Fred Mazurek was recruited to play professional football. At the age of 15, <mask>'s mother was diagnosed with high blood pressure and suffered a stroke in front of her in their home. As a result, Melnyk began experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) but found a lack of resources through her family physicians.Within the next four years, various other members of her family died including her cousin, grandmother, and father. Melynk earned her Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree from West Virginia University before returning to her hometown state and attending the University of Pittsburgh for her Master of Science in Nursing degree and pediatric nurse practitioner certification. While practising at the UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Melynk delivered her first child who experienced complications at birth. She said it was hard for her to continue working in the pediatric unit after this and she accepted a teaching position in the diploma program at UPMC Shadyside Hospital. Following this, Melynk enrolled at the University of Rochester for a PhD in clinical research and her post-masters certificate as a psychiatric mental health nurse practitioner. She divorced her first husband while interviewing for their graduate school. Career Upon completing her PhD <mask> re-married and interviewed at five universities, but chose to stay at the University of Rochester.Shortly thereafter, she was appointed a professor and associate dean for research and director of the Center for Research & Evidenced-Based Practice and Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Program at the University of Rochester's School of Nursing. She also served as a professor of pediatrics in their School of Medicine and Dentistry. In 1999, Ellen Fineout-Overholt applied to Melnyk's Center for Research and Evidence-Based Practice and together they published Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and Healthcare: A Guide to Best Practice. In recognition of her efforts, she received the Audrey Hepburn Award and the Jessie M. Scott Award from the American Nurses Association. In 2004, <mask> left the University of Rochester to accept a deanship position at Arizona State University's (ASU) College of Nursing, replacing Barbara Durand. Prior to accepting the position, <mask> told the hiring committee that she would "infuse evidence-based practice throughout all our programs, to work with hospitals and health care systems in Arizona to really advance EBP." After serving in this role for 20 months, she launched the United States' first master’s degree program in health care innovation and formed partnerships with the Mayo Clinic, Banner Health, Phoenix Children's Hospital, and Dublin City University.As a result, she was the recipient of the 2006 Health Care Hero Innovator of the Year award which "honors someone who breaks ground in the health care field by developing or implementing new technology, treatments, or programs with wide applications." During her tenure at ASU, <mask> was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Nursing and the National Academies of Practice while also sitting on the United States Preventive Services Task Force. She also received funding from the National Institute of Nursing Research to establish the COPE program (Creating Opportunities for Personal Empowerment) to help parents of young hospitalized children cope with their illnesses and hospitalization. On September 15, 2011, <mask> left ASU to accept a position as Ohio State University's (OSU) dean of the College of Nursing and associate vice president for Health Promotion and chief wellness officer. She was OSU's first chief wellness officer and the first at any United States university. Upon arriving at OSU, she formed the One University Health & Wellness Council, aimed at gathering leaders in health and wellness at the university to improve on the school's culture of wellness. As a result of her accomplishments in intervention research, evidence-based practice, and child and adolescent mental health, she was awarded the 2012 Midwest Nursing Research Society (MNRS) Senior Scientist Award.She continued her research into the COPE program and published data in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine which found that students who exercised for 15 to 20 minutes daily were less likely to gain significant weight than those who attended traditional health classes. This was because the students who exercised were taught cognitive techniques to reduce stress and anxiety. <mask>'s continued advocacy for evidence-based practices were further recognized in 2013 when her edited book Intervention Research: Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Funding received the American Journal of Nursing Book of the Year award for nursing research. She also accepted an appointment to the editor of Worldviews on Evidence Based Nursing, and received an election to the National Institute of Medicine. Based on data including awards, Top 10 rankings, National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding, and National Council Lincensure Examination (NCLEX) passing percentage, Melnyk was named one of 30 most influential nursing deans in 2015. The following year, the third edition of <mask>'s book Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and Healthcare: A Guide to Best Practice received the 2016 Book of the Year Award from American Journal of Nursing. One of the judges reviewing her book wrote: "This comprehensive text provides a strong foundation for implementing and sustaining EBP in clinical decision making for all levels of nurses, from undergraduate nursing students to doctors of nursing practice and seasoned practitioners.Even beginner students will find the information interesting and will be encouraged to actively engage in EBP to improve patient outcomes." Melnyk also led an evidence-based practices study examining why hospitals that attempt to improve patient outcomes and reduce costs simultaneously often fail. To reach this conclusion, her research team surveyed 276 chief nurse executives across the United States to collect data on how evidence-based practice ranks as a priority in their institutions. In response, more than half reported that it is had limited practised in their organization. As a leader at OSU's College of Nursing, Melnyk increased their enrollment and hiring of faculty members and rose their school ranking in the U.S. News & World Report. In recognition of her efforts, she was promoted to vice president for health promotion and reappointed dean through 2022. Following her promotion, Melnyk receives the 2017 Sharp Cutting Edge Award from the American Association of Nurse Practitioners for having shown "leadership through innovative services, technologies or advocacy activities that advanced NP practise and patient care on a national level."Likewise, she was also the recipient of the American Organization of Nurse Executives Foundation 2017 Nurse Researcher Award in recognition of "a nurse researcher who has made significant contributions to nursing research and is recognized by the broader nursing community as an outstanding nurse researcher." She continued to study the quality of health care practices across the nation in 2017 by receiving funding from the National Institutes of Health/National Institute for Minority Health and Health Disparities for a study entitled, Healthy Lifestyle Intervention for High-Risk Minority Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The aim of the study was to test a cognitive behavioural skills building prenatal care intervention program for pregnant minority women experiencing emotional distress. In 2018, Melnyk received numerous accolades from the medical and nursing community including the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses 2018 Pioneering Spirit Award for her significant contributions that influenced high-acuity and critical care nursing. She was also appointed to sit on the Board of Directors for the National Forum for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention. The following year, Melnyk was awarded her third “Academy Edge Runner” Honor from American Academy of Nursing for her successful cognitive-behavioral skills building intervention programs. During the COVID-19 pandemic in North America, Melnyk established a partnership between OSU's College of Nursing and Trusted Health, a career platform for nurses.The goal of the partnership was to promote mental health and well-being for travel nurses on the front lines. She also sat as vice chair of the Safe Campus and Scientific Advisory Subgroup of the COVID-19 Transition Task Force and encouraged students to wear face masks. Selected publications Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice Intervention Research: Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Funding References External links Dr. <mask> <mask>'s 'One Of The Bigger Dreamer Nurse Leader' Essay Living people 1957 births Arizona State University faculty Ohio State University faculty University of Rochester faculty University of Rochester alumni University of Pittsburgh alumni West Virginia University alumni Members of the National Academy of Medicine American women nurses Academics from Pennsylvania Academic journal editors American women academics 21st-century American women

A nurse named Bernadette J<mask> was born in 1957. She is the dean of the College of Nursing at the Ohio State University. The journal Worldviews on Evidence Based Nursing is edited by <mask>. <mask> was born on March 20, 1957. Her brother Fred was recruited to play professional football while she was in high school. <mask>'s mother had a stroke in front of her at the age of 15. Melnyk was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217She lost her cousin, grandmother, and father within the next four years. Melynk earned her Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree from West Virginia University before returning to her hometown state and attending the University of Pittsburgh for her Master of Science in Nursing degree. Melynk gave birth to her first child at the UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh. She accepted a teaching position at UPMC Shadyside Hospital after working in the children's unit. Melynk went to the University of Rochester for a PhD in clinical research and a post-masters certificate in mental health nurse practitioners. She was interviewing for a graduate school when she divorced her first husband. <mask> decided to stay at the University of Rochester after interviewing at five universities.She became an associate dean for research and director of the Center for Research and Evidenced-Based Practice at the University of Rochester's School of Nursing. She was a professor in the School of Medicine and Dentistry. Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and healthcare: A Guide to Best Practice was published in 1999 after Ellen Fineout-Overholt applied to Melnyk's Center for Research and Evidence-Based Practice. She received two awards from the American Nurses Association. Melnyk left the University of Rochester to become dean of the Arizona State University's College of Nursing. Melnyk told the hiring committee that she would work with hospitals and health care systems in Arizona to advance EBP. She launched the United States' first master's degree program in health care innovation after 20 months in this role.She was the recipient of the 2006 Health Care Hero of the Year award, which "honors someone who breaks ground in the health care field by developing or implementing new technology, treatments, or programs with wide applications." <mask> was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Nursing and the National Academies of Practice while also sitting on the United States Preventive Services Task Force. She received funding from the National Institute of Nursing Research to establish the COPE program to help parents of young hospitalized children. Melnyk accepted a position as dean of the College of Nursing at Ohio State University on September 15, 2011. She was the first chief wellbeing officer at any US university. She formed the One University Health & Wellness Council to improve on the school's culture of health and well-being. The 2012 Midwest Nursing Research Society (MNRS) Senior Scientist Award was given to her because of her accomplishments in intervention research, evidence-based practice, and child and adolescent mental health.She published data in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine showing that students who exercised for 15 to 20 minutes a day were less likely to gain weight than those who did not. The students who exercised were taught how to reduce stress. <mask>'s edited book Intervention Research: Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Funding received the American Journal of Nursing Book of the Year award. She was elected to the National Institute of Medicine and accepted an appointment to the editor of Worldviews on Evidence Based Nursing. Melnyk was named one of 30 most influential nursing deans in 2015, based on data including awards, Top 10 rankings, National Institutes of Health funding, and National Council Lincensure Examination passing percentage. The third edition of Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and Healthcare: A Guide to Best Practice received the 2016 Book of the Year Award from the American Journal of Nursing. One of the judges who reviewed her book said that the comprehensive text provided a strong foundation for implementing and sustaining EBP in clinical decision making for all levels of nurses, from undergraduate nursing students to doctors of nursing practice and seasoned practitioners.Beginners will find the information interesting and will be encouraged to engage in EBP to improve patient outcomes. Hospitals that try to improve patient outcomes and reduce costs at the same time often fail, according to an evidence-based practices study led by Melnyk. To reach this conclusion, her research team surveyed chief nurse executives across the United States to find out how important evidence-based practice is in their institutions. More than half of them said that it was limited in their organization. Melnyk rose their school ranking in the U.S. News and World Report as a leader at the College of Nursing. She was promoted to vice president for health promotion and reappointed dean. Melnyk received the Sharp Cutting Edge Award from the American Association of Nurse Practitioners for showing "leadership through innovative services, technologies or advocacy activities that advanced NP practise and patient care on a national level."She received the American Organization of Nurse Executives Foundation's Researcher Nurse Award, which is given to a nurse researcher who has made significant contributions to nursing research and is recognized by the broader nursing community as an outstanding nurse researcher. She received funding from the National Institute for Minority Health and Health Disparities for a study on healthy lifestyle intervention for high-risk pregnant women. The aim of the study was to test the cognitive behavioural skills of pregnant minority women. The American Association of Critical-Care Nurses awarded <mask> the Pioneering Spirit Award for her significant contributions that influenced high-acuity and critical care nursing. She was appointed to the Board of Directors for the National Forum for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention. Melnyk was awarded her third "Academy Edge Runner" Honor from American Academy of Nursing for her successful cognitive-behavioral skills building intervention programs. Melnyk established a partnership between OSU's College of Nursing and Trusted Health, a career platform for nurses.Promoting mental health and well-being for travel nurses on the front lines was the goal of the partnership. She encouraged students to wear face masks as vice chair of the Safe Campus and Scientific Advisory Subgroup of the COVID-19 Transition Task Force. A guide to best practice Intervention Research: Designing, Conducting, Analyzing, and Funding References is one of the publications.

11488142

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20S.%20Nevins

Daniel S. Nevins

Daniel S. ("Danny") Nevins (born March 18, 1966) is an American rabbi and a leader in the Conservative Movement who is head of school at Golda Och Academy in West Orange, NJ On January 29, 2007, Rabbi Nevins was named the Dean of the Rabbinical School of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, succeeding Rabbi William Lebeau. In 2021, it was announced that Rabbi Nevins would be stepping down as dean of the JTS Rabbinical School. He was previously the spiritual leader of Adat Shalom Synagogue in Farmington Hills, Michigan, where he served for 13 years in his first pulpit. He is an authority on Jewish Law who co-authored a responsum (legal opinion) that was passed by the Conservative Movement's Committee on Jewish Law and Standards paving the way for the Conservative Movement to allow gay marriage and to ordain lesbian and gay rabbis. Biography Nevins grew up in River Vale, New Jersey. He attended the Frisch School, and then Yeshivat HaMivtar in Jerusalem. In 1989, he graduated from Harvard College with a bachelor's degree magna cum laude in history. He earned a masters in Jewish studies from the Jewish Theological Seminary of America in 1991 and was ordained as a rabbi in 1994. Nevins also received a graduate fellowship from the Wexner Foundation in Columbus, Ohio. His writings may be found at www.rabbinevins.com. Nevins serves on the Rabbinical Assembly's International Executive Council and is also a member of its Committee on Jewish Law and Standards, where he chairs a subcommittee on disabilities and Jewish law. He has written responsa on the participation of Jews who are blind in the Torah service, on contemporary criteria for the determination of death, on electricity and Shabbat, gene editing, lab-grown meat, and artificial intelligence. Together with Rabbis Elliot Dorff and Avram Israel Reisner, he authored the responsum on Homosexuality, Human Dignity and Halakha. He is past president of the Michigan region of the Rabbinical Assembly, of the Farmington Area Interfaith Association, and of the ecumenical Michigan Board of Rabbis. Rabbi Nevins was a founding board member of the Jewish Academy of Metropolitan Detroit, now the Frankel Jewish Academy, and the Detroit chapter of the National Coalition for Community and Justice. He was awarded the 2006 Reverend James Lyon's Dove Award by the Dove Institute for his leadership in interfaith understanding. Rabbi Nevins has written on the subject of mamzerut, disagreeing with an approach that would declare the category inoperative and proposing instead an approach more in line with the halakhic methodology used by Orthodox Rabbi Ovadia Yosef used to discredit and exclude potential evidence of mamzer status. He noted that this approach would cover virtually all cases of inquiry in the types of situations a congregational rabbi would be likely to experience, and suggesting that Conservative rabbis should similarly not abolish or declare opposition to problematic Biblical categories but should rabbinically limit their scope and effect. His responsum on blind Torah readers argued that while Torah reading can be performed for the congregation only by a sighted reader from a kosher Torah scroll, people who are blind have many other options for leadership in the service. They may serve as a prayer leader (shaliach tzibbur), chant haftarah, and receive aliyot to the Torah. They may also serve as a meturgaman, translating the Torah as the Talmudic blind sage Rav Yosef did. Nevins also allowed that a blind reader could use a braille text to chant the maftir portion for the congregation. Should future technologies allow a blind person to read directly from the scroll, that might satisfy the Talmudic requirement of chanting "min haketav" (from the script). The responsum on brain death argued that Jewish law has long favored respiratory criteria for the determination of death, rather than cardiac standstill. Contemporary protocols of declaring brain death culminate in the apnea test, in which the patient is removed from a ventilator. If carbon dioxide levels in the blood rise to a determined level, then the patient is deemed permanently incapable of respiration and is declared dead. This protocol, Nevins argued, also satisfied the halakhic requirement that a patient is shown to be permanently incapable of respiration in order to be considered dead. The persistence of heartbeat while the patient is artificially ventilated is to be considered pirkus (post-mortem convulsions). A patient declared dead in this manner may be removed from artificial support systems, and his or her vital organs may be donated with permission from the family in order to save the lives of other people. The opinion on homosexuality noted that sexual orientation has been shown to be an integral part of human identity that is largely impervious to change, forcing homosexuals who wish to be observant Jews to attempt to live celibate lives. This state of affairs has imposed terrible suffering and indignity on gay and lesbian people, their families, friends and communities. Rabbis Nevins, Dorff and Reisner demonstrated that the biblical prohibition is limited to anal sex between men, whereas the broader prohibitions on gay and lesbian intimacy were instituted by the rabbis in Midrash Sifra. Although Maimonides and the Tur/Shulchan Arukh viewed the resulting prohibition as biblical, Nachmanides argued that it is a rabbinic interpolation. This distinction is significant, because rabbinic prohibitions may be set aside in cases where human dignity is undermined by a rabbinic norm. This principle of "Gadol Kvod habriot shedocheh lo ta'aseh baTorah" (so great is human dignity that it supersedes a prohibition of Torah) is found in Talmud Brakhot 19b and many other places in rabbinic literature and law. For example, Rabbi Eliezer Waldenberg used this principle to allow hearing-impaired Jews to use battery-operated hearing aids on Shabbat. Rabbis Nevins, Dorff and Reisner argued that for gay and lesbian Jews, the demand that they lead solitary lives with no possibility for social or sexual intimacy was a violation of their dignity. For this reason, the accretion of rabbinic prohibitions could be waived on their behalf by the CJLS, with only the explicit biblical ban on male anal sex remaining in force. This decision, which was approved by a majority vote of 13-12, specifically permitted gay and lesbian Jews to be ordained as rabbis and cantors, and also allowed for ceremonies of same-sex commitment. However, it did not equate such ceremonies with traditional Jewish marriage (kiddushin). A committee of the Rabbinical Assembly is working to define the parameters of commitment ceremonies with pin the jurisdiction of this psak halakhah (legal decision). Rabbi Nevins has been an active leader in the broader Jewish community and an ambassador to peoples of other faiths. He led a group of Protestant and Catholic leaders on a May 2005 trip that included Pope Benedict XVI's first public audience, Holocaust Memorial Day at Titus's Arch in Rome and a week in Israel. Rabbi Nevins joined a new leadership team at the Jewish Theological Seminary headed by Chancellor Arnold Eisen and provost Alan Cooper in 2007. On July 1, 2021, Rabbi Nevins became the 8th Head of School at Golda Och Academy in West Orange, NJ, succeeding Mr. Adam Shapiro. Rabbi Nevins and his family live in New York City. See also Conservative Judaism References External links Adat Shalom Synagogue The Jewish Theological Seminary Rabbi Danny Nevins Golda Och Academy Living people 1966 births American Conservative rabbis Frisch School alumni Harvard College alumni Jewish Theological Seminary of America semikhah recipients People from River Vale, New Jersey 20th-century American rabbis 21st-century American rabbis

<mask><mask> (born March 18, 1966) is an American rabbi and a leader in the Conservative Movement who is head of school at Golda Och Academy in West Orange, NJ On January 29, 2007, <mask> was named the Dean of the Rabbinical School of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, succeeding Rabbi William Lebeau. In 2021, it was announced that <mask> would be stepping down as dean of the JTS Rabbinical School. He was previously the spiritual leader of Adat Shalom Synagogue in Farmington Hills, Michigan, where he served for 13 years in his first pulpit. He is an authority on Jewish Law who co-authored a responsum (legal opinion) that was passed by the Conservative Movement's Committee on Jewish Law and Standards paving the way for the Conservative Movement to allow gay marriage and to ordain lesbian and gay rabbis. Biography <mask> grew up in River Vale, New Jersey. He attended the Frisch School, and then Yeshivat HaMivtar in Jerusalem. In 1989, he graduated from Harvard College with a bachelor's degree magna cum laude in history.He earned a masters in Jewish studies from the Jewish Theological Seminary of America in 1991 and was ordained as a rabbi in 1994. <mask> also received a graduate fellowship from the Wexner Foundation in Columbus, Ohio. His writings may be found at www.rabbinevins.com. <mask> serves on the Rabbinical Assembly's International Executive Council and is also a member of its Committee on Jewish Law and Standards, where he chairs a subcommittee on disabilities and Jewish law. He has written responsa on the participation of Jews who are blind in the Torah service, on contemporary criteria for the determination of death, on electricity and Shabbat, gene editing, lab-grown meat, and artificial intelligence. Together with Rabbis Elliot Dorff and Avram Israel Reisner, he authored the responsum on Homosexuality, Human Dignity and Halakha. He is past president of the Michigan region of the Rabbinical Assembly, of the Farmington Area Interfaith Association, and of the ecumenical Michigan Board of Rabbis.<mask> was a founding board member of the Jewish Academy of Metropolitan Detroit, now the Frankel Jewish Academy, and the Detroit chapter of the National Coalition for Community and Justice. He was awarded the 2006 Reverend James Lyon's Dove Award by the Dove Institute for his leadership in interfaith understanding. <mask> has written on the subject of mamzerut, disagreeing with an approach that would declare the category inoperative and proposing instead an approach more in line with the halakhic methodology used by Orthodox Rabbi Ovadia Yosef used to discredit and exclude potential evidence of mamzer status. He noted that this approach would cover virtually all cases of inquiry in the types of situations a congregational rabbi would be likely to experience, and suggesting that Conservative rabbis should similarly not abolish or declare opposition to problematic Biblical categories but should rabbinically limit their scope and effect. His responsum on blind Torah readers argued that while Torah reading can be performed for the congregation only by a sighted reader from a kosher Torah scroll, people who are blind have many other options for leadership in the service. They may serve as a prayer leader (shaliach tzibbur), chant haftarah, and receive aliyot to the Torah. They may also serve as a meturgaman, translating the Torah as the Talmudic blind sage Rav Yosef did.<mask> also allowed that a blind reader could use a braille text to chant the maftir portion for the congregation. Should future technologies allow a blind person to read directly from the scroll, that might satisfy the Talmudic requirement of chanting "min haketav" (from the script). The responsum on brain death argued that Jewish law has long favored respiratory criteria for the determination of death, rather than cardiac standstill. Contemporary protocols of declaring brain death culminate in the apnea test, in which the patient is removed from a ventilator. If carbon dioxide levels in the blood rise to a determined level, then the patient is deemed permanently incapable of respiration and is declared dead. This protocol, <mask> argued, also satisfied the halakhic requirement that a patient is shown to be permanently incapable of respiration in order to be considered dead. The persistence of heartbeat while the patient is artificially ventilated is to be considered pirkus (post-mortem convulsions).A patient declared dead in this manner may be removed from artificial support systems, and his or her vital organs may be donated with permission from the family in order to save the lives of other people. The opinion on homosexuality noted that sexual orientation has been shown to be an integral part of human identity that is largely impervious to change, forcing homosexuals who wish to be observant Jews to attempt to live celibate lives. This state of affairs has imposed terrible suffering and indignity on gay and lesbian people, their families, friends and communities. Rabbis <mask>, Dorff and Reisner demonstrated that the biblical prohibition is limited to anal sex between men, whereas the broader prohibitions on gay and lesbian intimacy were instituted by the rabbis in Midrash Sifra. Although Maimonides and the Tur/Shulchan Arukh viewed the resulting prohibition as biblical, Nachmanides argued that it is a rabbinic interpolation. This distinction is significant, because rabbinic prohibitions may be set aside in cases where human dignity is undermined by a rabbinic norm. This principle of "Gadol Kvod habriot shedocheh lo ta'aseh baTorah" (so great is human dignity that it supersedes a prohibition of Torah) is found in Talmud Brakhot 19b and many other places in rabbinic literature and law.For example, Rabbi Eliezer Waldenberg used this principle to allow hearing-impaired Jews to use battery-operated hearing aids on Shabbat. Rabbis <mask>, Dorff and Reisner argued that for gay and lesbian Jews, the demand that they lead solitary lives with no possibility for social or sexual intimacy was a violation of their dignity. For this reason, the accretion of rabbinic prohibitions could be waived on their behalf by the CJLS, with only the explicit biblical ban on male anal sex remaining in force. This decision, which was approved by a majority vote of 13-12, specifically permitted gay and lesbian Jews to be ordained as rabbis and cantors, and also allowed for ceremonies of same-sex commitment. However, it did not equate such ceremonies with traditional Jewish marriage (kiddushin). A committee of the Rabbinical Assembly is working to define the parameters of commitment ceremonies with pin the jurisdiction of this psak halakhah (legal decision). Rabbi <mask> has been an active leader in the broader Jewish community and an ambassador to peoples of other faiths.He led a group of Protestant and Catholic leaders on a May 2005 trip that included Pope Benedict XVI's first public audience, Holocaust Memorial Day at Titus's Arch in Rome and a week in Israel. <mask> joined a new leadership team at the Jewish Theological Seminary headed by Chancellor Arnold Eisen and provost Alan Cooper in 2007. On July 1, 2021, <mask> became the 8th Head of School at Golda Och Academy in West Orange, NJ, succeeding Mr. <mask>. <mask> and his family live in New York City. See also Conservative Judaism References External links Adat Shalom Synagogue The Jewish Theological Seminary Rabbi Danny Nevins Golda Och Academy Living people 1966 births American Conservative rabbis Frisch School alumni Harvard College alumni Jewish Theological Seminary of America semikhah recipients People from River Vale, New Jersey 20th-century American rabbis 21st-century American rabbis

The Dean of the Rabbinical School was named on January 29, 2007, and is a leader in the Conservative movement. The dean of the JTS Rabbinical School would be stepping down in 2021. He was the spiritual leader of a synagogue in Michigan for 13 years. He co-authored a legal opinion that paved the way for the Conservative movement to allow gay marriage and to ordain lesbian and gay rabbis. River Vale, New Jersey is where <mask> grew up. He attended the Frisch School in Jerusalem. He graduated from Harvard College with a degree in history.He received a masters in Jewish studies from the Jewish Theological Seminary of America in 1991 and became a rabbi in 1994. The Wexner Foundation gave a graduate fellowship to Nevins. His writings can be found at www.rabbinevins.com. He is a member of the Rabbinical Assembly's International Executive Council and is also a member of the Committee on Jewish Law and Standards. He wrote a responsa on the participation of Jews who are blind in the Torah service, on contemporary criteria for the determination of death, on electricity and Shabbat, and lab-grown meat. He was part of a group that wrote the responsum on Homosexuality, Human Dignity and Halakha. He is a past president of the Michigan region of the Rabbinical Assembly, as well as of the ecumenical Michigan Board of Rabbis.The Jewish Academy of Metropolitan Detroit is a founding board member of the National Coalition for Community and Justice. The Dove Institute gave him the 2006 Reverend James Lyon's Dove Award for his leadership in interfaith understanding. Rabbi <mask> wrote on the subject of mamzerut, disagreeing with an approach that would declare the category inoperative and proposing instead an approach more in line with the methodology used by Orthodox Rabbi Yosef. He suggested that Conservative rabbis should not abolish or declare opposition to problematic Biblical categories, but should rabbinically limit their scope and effect, as he noted that this approach would cover virtually all cases of inquiry in the types of situations a congregational rabbi would be likely to experience. While blind Torah readers can only read from a kosher Torah scroll, people who are blind have many other options for leadership in the service. They can be a prayer leader, chant haftarah, and receive aliyot to the Torah. They can also translate the Torah as a meturgaman.It was possible for a blind reader to chant the maftir portion for the congregation. The requirement of chanting "min haketav" (from the script) might be satisfied if future technologies allow a blind person to read directly from the scroll. According to the responsum on brain death, Jewish law favors respiratory criteria for the determination of death over cardiac standstill. The apnea test is used to determine brain death in contemporary protocols. The patient is declared dead if the carbon dioxide levels in the blood rise to a determined level. In order to be considered dead, a patient must be shown to be permanently incapable of breathing. The patient's heart rate is considered to be pirkus when it is artificially ventilated.In order to save the lives of other people, a patient declared dead in this manner may be removed from artificial support systems and his or her vital organs may be donated with permission from the family. According to the opinion on homosexuality, sexual orientation has been shown to be an important part of human identity that is impervious to change, forcing homosexuals who wish to live celibate lives. Gay and lesbian people have suffered terrible suffering and indignity because of this state of affairs. The rabbis demonstrated that the biblical prohibition is limited to anal sex between men, whereas the broader prohibitions on gay and lesbian intimacy were instituted by the rabbis. The prohibition was viewed as biblical by Maimonides and the Tur/<mask>lchan Arukh. rabbinic prohibitions may be set aside in cases where human dignity is undermined by a rabbinic norm. The principle of "Gadol Kvod habriot shedocheh lo ta'aseh baTorah" (so great is human dignity that it supersedes a prohibition of Torah) is found in rabbinic literature and law.Rabbi Eliezer Waldenberg used this principle to allow hearing-impaired Jews to use battery-operated hearing aids. For gay and lesbian Jews, the demand that they lead solitary lives with no possibility for social or sexual intimacy was a violation of their dignity. With the explicit biblical ban on male anal sex remaining in force, the accretion of rabbinic prohibitions could be waived on their behalf. The decision, which was approved by a majority vote of 13-12, allowed for the ordination of gay and lesbian Jews as rabbis and cantors. It did not equate traditional Jewish marriage with such ceremonies. A committee of the Rabbinical Assembly is working to define the parameters of commitment ceremonies. An ambassador to peoples of other faiths, Rabbi <mask> has been an active leader in the broader Jewish community.He led a group of Protestant and Catholic leaders on a May 2005 trip that included Pope Benedict XVI's first public audience, Holocaust Memorial Day, and a week in Israel. The Jewish Theological Seminary had a new leadership team in 2007. On July 1, 2021, <mask> became the 8th Head of School at Golda Och Academy. New York City is where <mask> and his family live. Rabbi Danny Nevins Golda Och Academy Living people 1966 births American Conservative rabbis Frisch School alumni Harvard College alumni Jewish Theological Seminary of America semikhah recipients

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Bard

Alexander Bard

Alexander Bengt Magnus Bard (born 17 March 1961) is a Swedish musician, author, lecturer, artist, songwriter, music producer, TV personality, religious and political activist, and one of the founders of the Syntheist religious movement alongside his co-author Jan Söderqvist. Bard was a member of music band Army of Lovers. Background and education Bard was born in Medevi, Motala Municipality, Sweden on 17 March 1961. After he completed his upper secondary education, Bard studied in the United States and in Amsterdam, Netherlands. While living in Amsterdam, he earned part of his living as a sex worker. Bard returned to Sweden to study at the Stockholm School of Economics from 1984 to 1989. In addition to his studies in economics, he took a strong interest in philosophy and social theory with the explicit aim of becoming a philosophy writer and lecturer. Musical career Bard began his musical career in 1982 with the single Life in a Goldfish Bowl released under the name Baard, a synth-punk fusion project he had formed together with two female striptease dancers. He later had some minor success as Barbie, which saw Bard performing ironic bubblegum pop songs crossdressed. After abandoning work on a second Barbie album, Bard formed Army of Lovers with two of Barbie's entourage, Jean-Pierre Barda and La Camilla. Army of Lovers had several pan-European hits, the biggest being Crucified and Obsession, while their presence in the US and the UK was limited to repeated club chart successes. They released five studio albums, made over twenty music videos, and became phenomenally successful across Eastern Europe, before Bard disbanded the group in 1996. Army of Lovers have later earned a widespread iconic status in the gay culture, often referred to as a perfect example of the postmodern take on the ideals of camp. Bard said, “I'm gay. I always fall back on camp or gay as a frame of reference. Then camp doesn't always have to be gay and gay doesn't always have to be camp.” Bard also worked on the production & composition of Swedish girlgroup Midi, Maxi & Efti. Following the demise of Army of Lovers, Bard founded Vacuum, a symphonic synthpop project featuring Bard, Marina Schiptjenko (formerly of synthpop group Page), and newcomer Mattias Lindblom. Their debut single I Breathe was one of the fastest selling singles in Sweden in 1997 and also topped the singles chart in Italy. Further releases did not do as well, except in Russia and Ukraine, and Bard left after only two albums. He reformed Army of Lovers briefly in 2000 for a handful of new tracks and a greatest hits collection, and later co-wrote and co-produced the first two Alcazar albums. In 2005, Bard launched a new music project called BWO (short for Bodies Without Organs), together with Marina Schiptjenko and new vocalist Martin Rolinski. Their debut album Prototype generated seven top 20 hit singles in Scandinavia and across Eastern Europe and reached platinum status. A second album Halcyon Days, was released in April 2006, which shipped gold and generated four additional hit singles. 2007 saw the release of a third album, Fabricator, followed by a 2008 compilation album and the 2009 release of a fourth studio album, Big Science. In April 2010, Bard announced that he was working with co-producer Henrik Wikström on a new project called Gravitonas, signed to Universal Music worldwide. The project, described as electro-rock, and fronted by Bard himself and vocalist Andreas Öhrn, released a first digital EP in May 2010 and had its first charts hits in Sweden and Russia in the autumn of 2010. Since they refuse to release physical records tied to traditional promotional media campaigns and instead strictly release their music through streaming and downloads and in EP rather than album format, Gravitonas have been dubbed "The World's First Spotify Band" by bloggers and the music press. Bard's public friendship with Spotify founder Daniel Ek has played into this narrative. In addition to several No. 1 hit records across the European continent, Gravitonas have also achieved a considerable following as dance act in the U.S., with three hit records to date in the Billboard Top 50 Club Play Chart. Aside from the groups mentioned above, Alexander Bard has also worked as a songwriter and producer for several Swedish artists, in the 1980s mainly with Ola Håkansson and Tim Norell, in the early 1990s with Anders Wollbeck and Per Adebratt—especially on the early 1990s Columbia Records—signed African cult act Midi Maxi & Efti—and more recently mainly with Anders Hansson and Henrik Wikström. Bard was a co-founder of Stockholm Records and runs several internet and music-related businesses. In August 2011, Bard joined the jury of the Swedish version of the Idol TV show, sharing the stage with Celine Dion's record producer Anders Bagge, quickly being referred to as The Scandinavian Simon Cowell due to his famously and characteristically harsh and straightforward commenting of the contestants. Army of Lovers reunited in 2013, releasing a new compilation album titled Big Battle of Egos featuring four brand new tracks including lead single and video Signed on My Tattoo, a duet with Gravitonas. The band cited political reasons, including their outspoken opposition to increased homophobia and antisemitism in Europe, for the reunification, after which they headlined both the Pride festivities of 2013 in Copenhagen and Belgrade and several major TV shows in Sweden, Poland, Russia and Ukraine. Television career Bard was a judge on the television show Swedish Idol, a spin-off of Pop Idol, between 2011 and 2015, and was a judge on "Talang" (the Swedish version of "Got Talent", which is broadcast on TV4, from 2017. In June 2020, he was fired from that job following public backlash regarding a series of racially charged tweets from Bard. Literature and lecturing Bard has written three books on the Internet revolution, collectively known as The Futurica Trilogy, together with media theorist Jan Söderqvist. Their first collaboration The Netocrats was originally released in Swedish in 2000, became available in English in 2003, and has since been translated to a further 16 languages with total worldwide sales exceeding 340,000 copies. The book presents a reading of history as the progression of different information technological paradigms, each with a dominant information technology and corresponding elite power triad. Where the printing press era created the power triad of academics, politicians and capitalists, the internet era will create a new power triad, known collectively as the Netocracy. The second book The Global Empire was originally released in Swedish in 2003, while the third installment of the trilogy The Body Machines was originally published in Swedish in 2009. These latter two works were released in English in 2012, completing The Futurica Trilogy, in which the authors present their philosophical vision for a global and increasingly virtual society, as a consequence of the Internet revolution. A fourth book from Bard & Söderqvist, Syntheism - Creating God in The Internet Age, was released in October 2014. The book focuses on participatory culture as the spirituality of the digital age and advocates a radical relationalism inspired by philosopher Alfred North Whitehead and physicist Niels Bohr as the antidote to the individualism of the collapsing capitalist age. It was followed by a fifth book called Digital Libido - Sex, Power and Violence in The Network Society, a Freudian and Nietzschean critique of the infantilization and existential crisis of contemporary society, in 2018 when Bard and Söderqvist also announced a larger plan where the Syntheism and Digital Libido books merely form the first and second installments of a planned second trilogy from the authors on the metaphysics of the internet age, tentatively titled Grand Narrative Trilogy. The working title of the third and final book in the trilogy is Process and Event, which proposes to explore the metaphysics and implications of cyclical time (nomadology) and linear time (eventology). Bard has given public lectures since 1997, including three TEDx presentations (as of 2013), with a major focus on the social implications of the Internet revolution and has become one of the leading speakers on the international management theory lecturing circuit. Politics Alexander Bard has for long been a vocal opponent of laws against personal drug consumption and laws against prostitution in Sweden. Having earlier been a member of — or worked closely with members of — The Liberals, the Center party and the Pirate Party, he joined the newly founded Citizens' Coalition in 2018. He departed that party in December 2019, following disagreements about both party goals and how to best achieve them. He later rejoined The Liberals. Following a conversation between The Liberals and Bard regarding several racially charged tweets made by Bard in June 2020, The Liberals announced his departure from the party once again. Bard rejoined Citizens' Coalition the same month. He considers himself to be a Libertarian Marxist. Personal life Bard converted to the Iranian original branch of Zoroastrianism in 1992 after years of intense religious studies. He explains his decision to convert in his book Syntheism - Creating God in The Internet Age with Jan Söderqvist by stating that without a solid foundation in philosophical and theological history, the idea of Syntheism as a set of new religious ideas for a globalized and digitalized world in the 21st century, would not carry its necessary weight. The conversion could also be understood when Bard and Söderqvist place Zoroastrianism next to Taoism and Buddhism in their work in what they refer to as The Silk Route Triad, as the historical peak of religious thought and practice. Bibliography The Netocrats, with Jan Söderqvist (2000) The Global Empire, with Jan Söderqvist (2002) The Body Machines, with Jan Söderqvist (2009) The Futurica Trilogy, with Jan Söderqvist (2012) Syntheism – Creating God in the Internet Age, with Jan Söderqvist (2014) Digital Libido - Sex, power and violence in the network society, with Jan Söderqvist (2018) See also Netocracy Syntheism References External links Video interview with Alexander Bard (English) 1961 births Living people People from Motala Municipality Swedish Zoroastrians Swedish people of Dutch descent Swedish songwriters LGBT musicians from Sweden LGBT songwriters Swedish libertarians Swedish dance musicians Stockholm School of Economics alumni Converts to Zoroastrianism Founders of new religious movements Bisexual musicians Bisexual men LGBT Zoroastrians 20th-century Swedish writers 20th-century male writers 21st-century Swedish writers Libertarian Marxists Futurologists

<mask> (born 17 March 1961) is a Swedish musician, author, lecturer, artist, songwriter, music producer, TV personality, religious and political activist, and one of the founders of the Syntheist religious movement alongside his co-author Jan Söderqvist. Bard was a member of music band Army of Lovers. Background and education <mask> was born in Medevi, Motala Municipality, Sweden on 17 March 1961. After he completed his upper secondary education, Bard studied in the United States and in Amsterdam, Netherlands. While living in Amsterdam, he earned part of his living as a sex worker. Bard returned to Sweden to study at the Stockholm School of Economics from 1984 to 1989. In addition to his studies in economics, he took a strong interest in philosophy and social theory with the explicit aim of becoming a philosophy writer and lecturer.Musical career <mask> began his musical career in 1982 with the single Life in a Goldfish Bowl released under the name Baard, a synth-punk fusion project he had formed together with two female striptease dancers. He later had some minor success as Barbie, which saw Bard performing ironic bubblegum pop songs crossdressed. After abandoning work on a second Barbie album, Bard formed Army of Lovers with two of Barbie's entourage, Jean-Pierre <mask> and La Camilla. Army of Lovers had several pan-European hits, the biggest being Crucified and Obsession, while their presence in the US and the UK was limited to repeated club chart successes. They released five studio albums, made over twenty music videos, and became phenomenally successful across Eastern Europe, before Bard disbanded the group in 1996. Army of Lovers have later earned a widespread iconic status in the gay culture, often referred to as a perfect example of the postmodern take on the ideals of camp. Bard said, “I'm gay.I always fall back on camp or gay as a frame of reference. Then camp doesn't always have to be gay and gay doesn't always have to be camp.” Bard also worked on the production & composition of Swedish girlgroup Midi, Maxi & Efti. Following the demise of Army of Lovers, Bard founded Vacuum, a symphonic synthpop project featuring Bard, Marina Schiptjenko (formerly of synthpop group Page), and newcomer Mattias Lindblom. Their debut single I Breathe was one of the fastest selling singles in Sweden in 1997 and also topped the singles chart in Italy. Further releases did not do as well, except in Russia and Ukraine, and <mask> left after only two albums. He reformed Army of Lovers briefly in 2000 for a handful of new tracks and a greatest hits collection, and later co-wrote and co-produced the first two Alcazar albums. In 2005, Bard launched a new music project called BWO (short for Bodies Without Organs), together with Marina Schiptjenko and new vocalist Martin Rolinski.Their debut album Prototype generated seven top 20 hit singles in Scandinavia and across Eastern Europe and reached platinum status. A second album Halcyon Days, was released in April 2006, which shipped gold and generated four additional hit singles. 2007 saw the release of a third album, Fabricator, followed by a 2008 compilation album and the 2009 release of a fourth studio album, Big Science. In April 2010, <mask> announced that he was working with co-producer Henrik Wikström on a new project called Gravitonas, signed to Universal Music worldwide. The project, described as electro-rock, and fronted by Bard himself and vocalist Andreas Öhrn, released a first digital EP in May 2010 and had its first charts hits in Sweden and Russia in the autumn of 2010. Since they refuse to release physical records tied to traditional promotional media campaigns and instead strictly release their music through streaming and downloads and in EP rather than album format, Gravitonas have been dubbed "The World's First Spotify Band" by bloggers and the music press. Bard's public friendship with Spotify founder Daniel Ek has played into this narrative.In addition to several No. 1 hit records across the European continent, Gravitonas have also achieved a considerable following as dance act in the U.S., with three hit records to date in the Billboard Top 50 Club Play Chart. Aside from the groups mentioned above, <mask> has also worked as a songwriter and producer for several Swedish artists, in the 1980s mainly with Ola Håkansson and Tim Norell, in the early 1990s with Anders Wollbeck and Per Adebratt—especially on the early 1990s Columbia Records—signed African cult act Midi Maxi & Efti—and more recently mainly with Anders Hansson and Henrik Wikström. Bard was a co-founder of Stockholm Records and runs several internet and music-related businesses. In August 2011, <mask> Dion's record producer Anders Bagge, quickly being referred to as The Scandinavian Simon Cowell due to his famously and characteristically harsh and straightforward commenting of the contestants. Army of Lovers reunited in 2013, releasing a new compilation album titled Big Battle of Egos featuring four brand new tracks including lead single and video Signed on My Tattoo, a duet with Gravitonas. The band cited political reasons, including their outspoken opposition to increased homophobia and antisemitism in Europe, for the reunification, after which they headlined both the Pride festivities of 2013 in Copenhagen and Belgrade and several major TV shows in Sweden, Poland, Russia and Ukraine.Television career <mask> was a judge on the television show Swedish Idol, a spin-off of Pop Idol, between 2011 and 2015, and was a judge on "Talang" (the Swedish version of "Got Talent", which is broadcast on TV4, from 2017. In June 2020, he was fired from that job following public backlash regarding a series of racially charged tweets from Bard. Literature and lecturing <mask> has written three books on the Internet revolution, collectively known as The Futurica Trilogy, together with media theorist Jan Söderqvist. Their first collaboration The Netocrats was originally released in Swedish in 2000, became available in English in 2003, and has since been translated to a further 16 languages with total worldwide sales exceeding 340,000 copies. The book presents a reading of history as the progression of different information technological paradigms, each with a dominant information technology and corresponding elite power triad. Where the printing press era created the power triad of academics, politicians and capitalists, the internet era will create a new power triad, known collectively as the Netocracy. The second book The Global Empire was originally released in Swedish in 2003, while the third installment of the trilogy The Body Machines was originally published in Swedish in 2009.These latter two works were released in English in 2012, completing The Futurica Trilogy, in which the authors present their philosophical vision for a global and increasingly virtual society, as a consequence of the Internet revolution. A fourth book from Bard & Söderqvist, Syntheism - Creating God in The Internet Age, was released in October 2014. The book focuses on participatory culture as the spirituality of the digital age and advocates a radical relationalism inspired by philosopher Alfred North Whitehead and physicist Niels Bohr as the antidote to the individualism of the collapsing capitalist age. It was followed by a fifth book called Digital Libido - Sex, Power and Violence in The Network Society, a Freudian and Nietzschean critique of the infantilization and existential crisis of contemporary society, in 2018 when Bard and Söderqvist also announced a larger plan where the Syntheism and Digital Libido books merely form the first and second installments of a planned second trilogy from the authors on the metaphysics of the internet age, tentatively titled Grand Narrative Trilogy. The working title of the third and final book in the trilogy is Process and Event, which proposes to explore the metaphysics and implications of cyclical time (nomadology) and linear time (eventology). Bard has given public lectures since 1997, including three TEDx presentations (as of 2013), with a major focus on the social implications of the Internet revolution and has become one of the leading speakers on the international management theory lecturing circuit. Politics <mask> has for long been a vocal opponent of laws against personal drug consumption and laws against prostitution in Sweden.Having earlier been a member of — or worked closely with members of — The Liberals, the Center party and the Pirate Party, he joined the newly founded Citizens' Coalition in 2018. He departed that party in December 2019, following disagreements about both party goals and how to best achieve them. He later rejoined The Liberals. Following a conversation between The Liberals and Bard regarding several racially charged tweets made by <mask> in June 2020, The Liberals announced his departure from the party once again. Bard rejoined Citizens' Coalition the same month. He considers himself to be a Libertarian Marxist. Personal life Bard converted to the Iranian original branch of Zoroastrianism in 1992 after years of intense religious studies.He explains his decision to convert in his book Syntheism - Creating God in The Internet Age with Jan Söderqvist by stating that without a solid foundation in philosophical and theological history, the idea of Syntheism as a set of new religious ideas for a globalized and digitalized world in the 21st century, would not carry its necessary weight. The conversion could also be understood when Bard and Söderqvist place Zoroastrianism next to Taoism and Buddhism in their work in what they refer to as The Silk Route Triad, as the historical peak of religious thought and practice. Bibliography The Netocrats, with Jan Söderqvist (2000) The Global Empire, with Jan Söderqvist (2002) The Body Machines, with Jan Söderqvist (2009) The Futurica Trilogy, with Jan Söderqvist (2012) Syntheism – Creating God in the Internet Age, with Jan Söderqvist (2014) Digital Libido - Sex, power and violence in the network society, with Jan Söderqvist (2018) See also Netocracy Syntheism References External links Video interview with <mask> (English) 1961 births Living people People from Motala Municipality Swedish Zoroastrians Swedish people of Dutch descent Swedish songwriters LGBT musicians from Sweden LGBT songwriters Swedish libertarians Swedish dance musicians Stockholm School of Economics alumni Converts to Zoroastrianism Founders of new religious movements Bisexual musicians Bisexual men LGBT Zoroastrians 20th-century Swedish writers 20th-century male writers 21st-century Swedish writers Libertarian Marxists Futurologists

<mask> is a Swedish musician, author, lecturer, artist, songwriter, music producer, TV personality, religious and political activist, and one of the founding members of the Syntheist religious movement. <mask> was a member of the band Army of Lovers. Bard was born in Sweden on 17 March 1961. Bard studied in the United States and the Netherlands after graduating from high school. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Bard studied at the Stockholm School of Economics from 1984 to 1989. He wanted to become a philosophy writer and lecturer because of his interest in philosophy and social theory.<mask> began his musical career in 1982 with the single Life in a Goldfish Bowl released under the name Baard, a project he had formed with two female striptease dancers. <mask> had a small success as Barbie, performing cross-dressed pop songs. <mask> formed Army of Lovers after abandoning work on a second Barbie album. The biggest hit of Army of Lovers was Crucified and Obsession, but they only had a limited presence in the US and the UK. After releasing five studio albums, making over twenty music videos, and becoming successful across Eastern Europe, <mask> dissolved the group. The Army of Lovers is often referred to as a perfect example of the postmodern take on the ideals of camp in the gay culture. Bard said he was gay.I always refer to camp or gay as a reference point. Then camp doesn't always have to be gay and gay doesn't always have to be camp. The demise of Army of Lovers led to the creation of Vacuum, a project featuring Bard, Marina Schiptjenko, and newcomer Mattias Lindblom. Their debut single I Breathe was one of the fastest selling singles in Sweden in 1997 and also topped the singles chart in Italy. <mask> left after only two albums in Russia and Ukraine. He co-wrote and co-produced the first two Alcazar albums and reformed Army of Lovers briefly in 2000. A new music project called BWO was launched by Bard in 2005.Their debut album Prototype produced seven top 20 hit singles in Sweden and Eastern Europe. A second album was released in April of 2006 and shipped gold and produced four additional hit singles. The release of a third album, Fabricator, followed by a 2008 compilation album, and the release of a fourth studio album, Big Science, in 2009. <mask> announced in April 2010 that he was working with co-producers on a new project called Gravitonas, which was signed to Universal Music. The project had its first charts hits in Sweden and Russia in the autumn of 2010 after releasing a first digital EP in May 2010. Since they refuse to release physical records tied to traditional promotional media campaigns and instead strictly release their music through streaming and downloads, they have been dubbed "The World's First Spotify Band" by the music press. The narrative is based on Bard's friendship with Daniel Ek.There are also several No. In the U.S., Gravitonas has achieved a considerable following as a dance act, with three hit records to date in the Top 50 Club Play Chart. In the 1980s and early 1990s, <mask> worked as a writer and producer for several Swedish artists, including Tim Norell and Ola Hkansson. Bard runs several internet and music related businesses. In August of 2011, Bard joined the jury of the Swedish version of the American version of the show, sharing the stage with the show's producer, who was referred to as The Scandinavian Simon Cowell due to his famously and characteristically harsh and straightforward commenting of the contestants. Signed on My Tattoo, a duet with Gravitonas, is one of four brand new tracks on the new album from Army of Lovers. The band cited political reasons, including their outspoken opposition to increased homophobia and antisemitism in Europe, for the reunification, after which they headline both the Pride festivities of 2013 in Copenhagen and Belgrade and several major TV shows in Sweden, Poland, Russia and Ukraine.<mask> was a judge on the Swedish version of "Got Talent", which was broadcast on TV4 from 2017). He was fired from that job in June 2020 after a series of racially charged statements from <mask>. The Futurica trilogy is a collection of books written by <mask> and Jan Sderqvist. Their first collaboration, The Netocrats, was originally released in Swedish in 2000 and has since been translated to a further 16 languages with total worldwide sales exceeding 340,000 copies. The book presents a reading of history as the progression of different information technological paradigms, each with a dominant information technology and corresponding elite power triad. The internet era will create a new power group called the Netocracy, similar to the power group created by the printing press era. The Global Empire and The Body Machines were both published in Swedish in 2003 and 2009, respectively.The Futurica trilogy, in which the authors present their vision for a global and increasingly virtual society as a consequence of the Internet revolution, was completed in 2012 with the release of the last two works. Syntheism - Creating God in The Internet Age was released in October of 2014). Participatory culture is the spirituality of the digital age and the book advocates a radical relationalism that is an antidote to the individualism of the collapsing capitalist age. It was followed by a fifth book called Digital Libido - Sex, Power and Violence in The Network Society, a Freudian and Nietzschean critique of the infantilization and existential crisis of contemporary society. The title of the third and final book in the trilogy is Process and Event, and it proposes to explore the metaphysics and implications of time. Bard has given public lectures since 1997 with a focus on the social implications of the internet revolution and has become one of the leading speakers on the international management theory lecturing circuit. <mask> is a vocal opponent of laws against personal drug consumption and prostitution in Sweden.He was a member of The Liberals, the Center party, and the Pirate Party before joining the Citizens' Coalition. He left the party in December due to disagreements about the goals of the party. He rejoined The Liberals. Following a conversation between The Liberals and <mask>, The Liberals announced his departure from the party once again. <mask> rejoined Citizens' Coalition. He considers himself to be a Marxist. Bard converted to the Iranian original branch of Zoroastrianism in 1992.The idea of Syntheism as a set of new religious ideas for a globalized and digitalized world is explained in his book Syntheism - Creating God in The Internet Age with Jan Sderqvist. <mask> and Sderqvist refer to Zoroastrianism as the historical peak of religious thought and practice in their book, The Silk Route Triad. The Netocrats, The Global Empire, The Body Machines, and The Futurica Trilogy are included.

277416

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince%20Johnson

Prince Johnson

Prince Yormie Johnson (born 6 July 1952) is a Liberian politician and the current Senior Senator from Nimba County. A former rebel leader, Johnson played a prominent role in the First Liberian Civil War in which he captured, tortured, and executed President Samuel Doe, who had himself overthrown and murdered the previous president William R. Tolbert Jr. Early life Johnson was born in Tapeta, Nimba County, in the east-central interior of the country, and was brought up by an uncle in the capital city of Monrovia. In 1971, while living in Monrovia, he joined the Liberian National Guard (LNG), which was transformed into the Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL) in the aftermath of Samuel Doe's 1980 overthrow of President William R. Tolbert. He rose to the rank of Lieutenant, receiving military training in both Liberia and the United States, where he was instructed in military police duties in South Carolina. A stern, often draconian, disciplinarian, he served as aide-de-camp to Gen. Thomas Quiwonkpa, the Commanding General of the Armed Forces of Liberia, and accompanied him into exile in 1983, after Quiwonkpa was accused of plotting a coup against Doe. Liberia's civil war and warlordship Johnson later allied with Charles Taylor as part of the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), serving as the NPFL's Chief Training Officer. Taylor's fighters crossed the border from Ivory Coast and began operations in Liberia on Christmas Eve, 1989. Formation of the INPFL An internal power struggle resulted in Johnson breaking off from the Taylor-led NPFL and forming the Independent National Patriotic Front of Liberia (INPFL). Despite intervention in the civil war by the Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group (ECOMOG), INPFL forces captured most of Monrovia in the late summer of 1990. During the civil war, Johnson was notorious for killing anyone who opposed or criticised his actions. When Hare Krishna devotees, who were distributing food to starving people in Monrovia in the midst of the chaos of the civil war, sent him a letter begging him to stop killing people, he personally orchestrated the murder of Hladini devi dasi—born Linda Jury—and five of her students on the bank of the Saint Paul River on the night of Thursday, 13 September 1990. Killing of President Doe On September 9, 1990, Johnson's supporters abducted President Samuel Doe from ECOMOG headquarters in the Monrovia port district. Doe was tortured and executed in Johnson's custody on 9 September, with the spectacle videotaped and broadcast around the world. The video showed Johnson sipping a Budweiser beer and being fanned by an assistant as his men cut off Doe's ear. Johnson later denied killing Doe. Ahmadou Kourouma (who depicted Doe's assassination in his novel Allah Is Not Obliged) also accused Johnson of war crimes in the form of the abduction and torture of several Firestone executives. Claim to power After Doe's death Johnson briefly claimed the presidency of Liberia. Johnson's claim to power ended following the consolidation of rebel power under Charles Taylor. In an attempt by the weak national government to reconstruct Liberian politics, the INPFL was recognised at a conference held in Guinea, where Amos Sawyer was elected president. Flight to Nigeria Johnson was forced to flee to Nigeria to avoid capture by rebel forces supporting Taylor and was not involved in the Second Liberian Civil War. While in Nigeria, Johnson became a Christian and reconciled with the Doe family through the intervention of Nigerian pastor T. B. Joshua. Return and public office Johnson returned to Liberia in March 2004, following the resignation of Taylor as president and the installation of a transitional government. He stated his intention to return to politics, though he briefly left Liberia again on 7 April due to death threats he had received from the Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD) rebel group. In the 2005 general elections, Johnson contested and won a Senate seat representing Nimba County. For a period he served as the chair of the Senate's defence committee. In the June 2009 final report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which was established as part of the 2003 peace deal, the TRC recommended Johnson's inclusion on a list of 50 people who should be "specifically barred from holding public offices; elected or appointed for a period of thirty (30) years" for "being associated with former warring factions." Johnson labelled the recommendation a "joke," noting the absence of several other combatants from the list, and vowed to resist any charges brought as a result of the report. In January 2011, the Supreme Court ruled in Williams v. Tah, a case brought by another person recommended for disqualification in the TRC report, that the TRC's recommendation was an unconstitutional violation of the listed individuals' right to procedural due process, and that it would be unconstitutional for the government to implement the proposed bans. Johnson ran in Liberia's 2011 presidential election as the candidate of the newly formed National Union for Democratic Progress party. He placed third, with 11.6% of the vote; the election was won by the country's previous president, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf. Footnotes References Further reading Stephan Ellis, 'The Mask of Anarchy: The Destruction of Liberia and the Religious Dimension of an African Civil War’, Hurst & Company, London, 2001 – Introduction 'A Death in the Night' has an excellent account of Doe's death. Alao, Mackinlay, and Olonisakin, Peacekeepers, Politicians, and Warlords, The Liberian Peace Process (Tokyo: United Nations University Press, 1999), 22. External links 2011 Election campaign activities of Johnson in Nimba County, late 2010 1952 births Living people Members of the Senate of Liberia People from Nimba County Liberian rebels African warlords Liberian Christians Converts to evangelical Christianity Liberian expatriates in Nigeria 20th-century Liberian people 21st-century Liberian politicians

<mask> (born 6 July 1952) is a Liberian politician and the current Senior Senator from Nimba County. A former rebel leader, <mask> played a prominent role in the First Liberian Civil War in which he captured, tortured, and executed President Samuel Doe, who had himself overthrown and murdered the previous president William R. Tolbert Jr. Early life <mask> was born in Tapeta, Nimba County, in the east-central interior of the country, and was brought up by an uncle in the capital city of Monrovia. In 1971, while living in Monrovia, he joined the Liberian National Guard (LNG), which was transformed into the Armed Forces of Liberia (AFL) in the aftermath of Samuel Doe's 1980 overthrow of President William R. Tolbert. He rose to the rank of Lieutenant, receiving military training in both Liberia and the United States, where he was instructed in military police duties in South Carolina. A stern, often draconian, disciplinarian, he served as aide-de-camp to Gen. Thomas Quiwonkpa, the Commanding General of the Armed Forces of Liberia, and accompanied him into exile in 1983, after Quiwonkpa was accused of plotting a coup against Doe. Liberia's civil war and warlordship <mask> later allied with Charles Taylor as part of the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), serving as the NPFL's Chief Training Officer.Taylor's fighters crossed the border from Ivory Coast and began operations in Liberia on Christmas Eve, 1989. Formation of the INPFL An internal power struggle resulted in <mask> breaking off from the Taylor-led NPFL and forming the Independent National Patriotic Front of Liberia (INPFL). Despite intervention in the civil war by the Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group (ECOMOG), INPFL forces captured most of Monrovia in the late summer of 1990. During the civil war, <mask> was notorious for killing anyone who opposed or criticised his actions. When Hare Krishna devotees, who were distributing food to starving people in Monrovia in the midst of the chaos of the civil war, sent him a letter begging him to stop killing people, he personally orchestrated the murder of Hladini devi dasi—born Linda Jury—and five of her students on the bank of the Saint Paul River on the night of Thursday, 13 September 1990. Killing of President Doe On September 9, 1990, <mask>'s supporters abducted President Samuel Doe from ECOMOG headquarters in the Monrovia port district. Doe was tortured and executed in <mask>'s custody on 9 September, with the spectacle videotaped and broadcast around the world.The video showed <mask> sipping a Budweiser beer and being fanned by an assistant as his men cut off Doe's ear. <mask> later denied killing Doe. Ahmadou Kourouma (who depicted Doe's assassination in his novel Allah Is Not Obliged) also accused <mask> of war crimes in the form of the abduction and torture of several Firestone executives. Claim to power After Doe's death <mask> briefly claimed the presidency of Liberia. <mask>'s claim to power ended following the consolidation of rebel power under Charles Taylor. In an attempt by the weak national government to reconstruct Liberian politics, the INPFL was recognised at a conference held in Guinea, where Amos Sawyer was elected president. Flight to Nigeria <mask> was forced to flee to Nigeria to avoid capture by rebel forces supporting Taylor and was not involved in the Second Liberian Civil War.While in Nigeria, <mask> became a Christian and reconciled with the Doe family through the intervention of Nigerian pastor T. B. Joshua. Return and public office <mask> returned to Liberia in March 2004, following the resignation of Taylor as president and the installation of a transitional government. He stated his intention to return to politics, though he briefly left Liberia again on 7 April due to death threats he had received from the Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD) rebel group. In the 2005 general elections, <mask> contested and won a Senate seat representing Nimba County. For a period he served as the chair of the Senate's defence committee. In the June 2009 final report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which was established as part of the 2003 peace deal, the TRC recommended <mask>'s inclusion on a list of 50 people who should be "specifically barred from holding public offices; elected or appointed for a period of thirty (30) years" for "being associated with former warring factions." <mask> labelled the recommendation a "joke," noting the absence of several other combatants from the list, and vowed to resist any charges brought as a result of the report.In January 2011, the Supreme Court ruled in Williams v. Tah, a case brought by another person recommended for disqualification in the TRC report, that the TRC's recommendation was an unconstitutional violation of the listed individuals' right to procedural due process, and that it would be unconstitutional for the government to implement the proposed bans. <mask> ran in Liberia's 2011 presidential election as the candidate of the newly formed National Union for Democratic Progress party. He placed third, with 11.6% of the vote; the election was won by the country's previous president, <mask> Sirleaf. Footnotes References Further reading Stephan Ellis, 'The Mask of Anarchy: The Destruction of Liberia and the Religious Dimension of an African Civil War’, Hurst & Company, London, 2001 – Introduction 'A Death in the Night' has an excellent account of Doe's death. Alao, Mackinlay, and Olonisakin, Peacekeepers, Politicians, and Warlords, The Liberian Peace Process (Tokyo: United Nations University Press, 1999), 22. External links 2011 Election campaign activities of <mask> in Nimba County, late 2010 1952 births Living people Members of the Senate of Liberia People from Nimba County Liberian rebels African warlords Liberian Christians Converts to evangelical Christianity Liberian expatriates in Nigeria 20th-century Liberian people 21st-century Liberian politicians

The current Senior Senator from Nimba County is <mask>. <mask>, a former rebel leader, was involved in the capture, torture, and execution of President Samuel Doe, who had overthrown and murdered the previous president, William R. Tolbert Jr. <mask> was born in Tapeta, Nimba County, in the east-central interior of the country, and was brought up by an uncle in the capital city of Monrovia. In 1971 he joined the Liberian National Guard, which was transformed into the AFL in the aftermath of the 1980 overthrow of President William R. Tolbert. He was instructed in military police duties in South Carolina after he rose to the rank of Lieutenant. He was an aide-de-camp to the Commanding General of the armed forces of Liberia and accompanied him into exile after he was accused of planning a coup. The NPFL's Chief Training Officer was <mask>, who later allied with Charles Taylor.Taylor's fighters crossed the border from the other side of the world. An internal power struggle resulted in <mask> breaking off from the NPFL and forming the INPFL. The Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) helped to end the civil war in the late summer of 1990. <mask> was a notorious murderer during the civil war. In the midst of the chaos of the civil war, Hare Krishna devotees sent him a letter begging him to stop killing people, and he personally orchestrated the murder of Linda Jury and five of her students. The president was kidnapped from ECOMOG headquarters in the port district on September 9, 1990. The spectacle of the torture and execution of the person known as "Doe" was videotaped and broadcast around the world.The video showed <mask> drinking a beer and being watched by an assistant as his men cut off a man's ear. <mask> denied killing him. The author of Allah Is Not Obliged accused <mask> of war crimes in the form of the abduction and torture of several Firestone executives. <mask> briefly claimed the presidency of the country. The consolidation of rebel power under Charles Taylor ended <mask>'s claim to power. Amos Sawyer was elected president of the country after the INPFL was recognised at a conference. <mask> was forced to flee to Nigeria to avoid being captured by the rebels who were supporting Taylor.<mask> was reconciled with the Doe family through the intervention of a Nigerian pastor. After the resignation of Taylor as president and the installation of a transitional government, <mask> returned to the country. He left the country on April 7 due to death threats he received from the LURD rebel group. <mask> won a Senate seat in the 2005 general elections. He was the chair of the Senate's defence committee. In the June 2009 final report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which was established as part of the 2003 peace deal, the TRC recommended <mask>'s inclusion on a list of 50 people who should be barred from holding public offices for 30 years. <mask> said the recommendation was a joke and vowed to resist any charges brought as a result of the report.The Supreme Court ruled in January of 2011 that the TRC's recommendation was unconstitutional because it violated the right of the listed individuals to procedural due process. The candidate of the newly formed National Union for Democratic Progress party was <mask>. The country's previous president, <mask> Sirleaf, won the election with 11.6% of the vote. An excellent account of Doe's death can be found in 'A Death in the Night' by Stephan Ellis. The Liberian Peace Process was published in 1999 by the United Nations University Press. There are external links to the election campaign activities of <mask> in Nimba County.

16686010

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zane%20Floyd

Zane Floyd

Zane Michael Floyd (born September 20, 1975) is a convicted mass murderer who killed four people and injured another in a supermarket in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, on June 3, 1999. After pleading guilty to the murders, Floyd was sentenced to death by a Clark County jury. Background After attending high school, Floyd enlisted in the United States Marine Corps. He was honorably discharged, but was told that he was not welcome to re-enlist because of his heavy drinking. Before the shooting that led to his conviction, he worked as a security guard and part-time as a bouncer at a bar. The massacre On June 3, 1999, at approximately 5:15 in the morning, Floyd entered an Albertson's supermarket located at 3864 West Sahara Avenue in Las Vegas and opened fire on random individuals in the store using a shotgun. Floyd first shot 40-year-old worker Thomas Darnell in the back, killing him. Immediately after, he also killed 41-year-old store manager Carlos Chuck Leos and 31-year-old worker Dennis Troy Sargent. Floyd then encountered 23-year-old worker Zachary T. Emenegger, who fled from Floyd when he saw the gunman pointing the shotgun in his direction, beginning a bizarre sequence of near death encounters with the gunman. Diving under a produce table, Emenegger avoided Floyd's initial gunfire for 15 seconds, but ultimately was shot in the upper-chest region resulting in a punctured lung. Floyd then saw Emenegger move and shot him again. Emenegger then played dead. Believing his victim was dead, Floyd callously whispered, "Yeah, you're dead," and proceeded to continue searching the store. Eventually, Floyd discovered 60-year-old clerk Lucille Alice Tarantino in the rear of the store and fatally shot her in the head at point-blank range. Floyd then walked back toward Emenegger and examined what he assumed was his victim's corpse before walking away. However, thinking that Floyd was gone, Emenegger attempted to get up and go for help. In another bizarre twist of fate, Emenegger collapsed back onto the ground from a lack of energy as Floyd simultaneously rounded the corner of the aisle on which Emenegger was trapped. Emenegger's collapsing a split-second before Floyd rounded the corner was incidental, however, owing its cause to Emenegger's rapidly deteriorating physical condition rather than a strategic re-continuing of pretending to be dead. Emenegger later recounted that he was completely unaware that Floyd had even made his way back to that particular side of the store, until Emenegger heard him walking back in that direction, just after he had collapsed. Floyd initially walked past Emenegger's motionless body and started to leave the store but abruptly stopped, and doubled back to once again ensure Emenegger was dead. After watching for a moment, Floyd finally fled from the store and was confronted by Las Vegas police officers who eventually took him into custody after an 8-minute standoff in the parking lot. In total, Floyd had shot seven shotgun shells, killing four people and critically wounding another. Floyd left the supermarket approximately seven minutes after he entered. Emenegger, although critically wounded, was the only survivor. It later emerged that shortly before the shooting, Floyd had telephoned an escort agency and called for the services of a young woman at his apartment. When a 20-year-old woman arrived at the apartment at around 3:30 a.m., Floyd threatened her with a shotgun and forced her to engage in vaginal intercourse, anal intercourse, digital penetration and fellatio. He eventually told her she had 60 seconds to run or be killed. After she escaped, Floyd took his shotgun and at around 5:00 am began to walk to the supermarket. Arrest Floyd left through the supermarket's north doors to meet the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department, who had been called by an employee who had been upstairs and believed there was a robbery in progress. Without exchanging any gunfire, Floyd ran back into the supermarket and left through the west doors, hoping to avoid the police outside. When he noticed that the complex was surrounded by officers, Floyd threatened to kill himself, pointing the shotgun to his head. After an eight-minute standoff, police convinced him to surrender. They immediately arrested him on charges of murder. When questioned by police, Floyd confessed to the killings and said that he committed the murders because he had always wanted to know what it was like to kill someone. Trial Floyd went to trial under the judgment of a Nevada state jury. The jurors heard Floyd's confession and watched the video from store surveillance cameras. Floyd did not testify at the three-day trial, where Emenegger, the only survivor of Floyd's rampage, testified against him. On July 13, 2000, after deliberating for little more than two hours, the jury convicted him of four counts of first degree murder with use of a deadly weapon, four counts of sexual assault with use of a deadly weapon, and single counts of burglary while in possession of a firearm, attempted murder with use of a deadly weapon, and first degree kidnapping with use of a deadly weapon. The jury rendered a sentence of death for each count of murder, finding that the aggravating circumstances outweighed any mitigating circumstances. For the other seven offenses, the district court imposed the maximum terms in prison, to be served consecutively. The court also ordered restitution totaling more than 180,000 dollars. Appeals Floyd filed a direct appeal to the Nevada Supreme Court, which affirmed his conviction and sentence in March 2002. In 2003, the U.S. Supreme Court denied certiorari. Floyd subsequently filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus in the state district court. The petition was denied and the Nevada Supreme Court affirmed the denial on appeal. Floyd then pursued a pro se habeas petition in the U.S. District Court for the District of Nevada, challenging his conviction and death sentence. The court stayed federal proceedings pending exhaustion of certain claims in state court, prompting Floyd to file a second state habeas petition in state district court. The state district court denied relief in April 2009. The Nevada Supreme Court affirmed, holding that Floyd's second petition was untimely and successive. The U.S. District Court then lifted the stay in March 2011. Floyd filed a second amended petition for a writ of habeas corpus. In December 2014, the U.S. District Court granted in part the State's motion to dismiss and denied Floyd's remaining claims on the merits; however, it issued a certificate of appealability as to several issues. Consequently, Floyd lodged an appeal in the United States Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. In October 2019, a three-judge panel of the Ninth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of Floyd's habeas petition. Floyd's ensuing petition for panel rehearing and rehearing en banc was denied. In July 2020, he filed a petition for certiorari with the U.S. Supreme Court, challenging the Ninth Circuit's application of the Strickland standard. That petition was denied in November 2020. Scheduled execution In April 2021, Floyd challenged Nevada's use of lethal injection, arguing that it is cruel and unusual and that, if he is to be put to death, he would prefer the use of a firing squad. Floyd was scheduled to be executed on July 26, 2021, via lethal injection. However, a federal judge stayed the execution, and ruled that the state needed more time to determine the constitutionality of the lethal injection drugs that would be used for Floyd's execution. If executed, Floyd would have been the first person to be executed in Nevada in over fifteen years, since Daryl Mack was executed in 2006. Floyd's execution was once again stayed by Nevada U.S. District Court Judge Richard Boulware II on February 14, 2022, when Nevada chief deputy Attorney General Randall Gilmer told the court that Clark County prosecutors had not obtained the federal death warrant needed in time to carry out the execution by February 28, when the states current supply of ketamine, one of four drugs used in lethal injections in Nevada, expires. See also List of death row inmates in the United States References American mass murderers American prisoners sentenced to death Attacks on supermarkets Prisoners sentenced to death by Nevada Living people 1975 births Criminals from Nevada United States Marines

<mask> (born September 20, 1975) is a convicted mass murderer who killed four people and injured another in a supermarket in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, on June 3, 1999. After pleading guilty to the murders, <mask> was sentenced to death by a Clark County jury. Background After attending high school, <mask> enlisted in the United States Marine Corps. He was honorably discharged, but was told that he was not welcome to re-enlist because of his heavy drinking. Before the shooting that led to his conviction, he worked as a security guard and part-time as a bouncer at a bar. The massacre On June 3, 1999, at approximately 5:15 in the morning, <mask> entered an Albertson's supermarket located at 3864 West Sahara Avenue in Las Vegas and opened fire on random individuals in the store using a shotgun. <mask> first shot 40-year-old worker Thomas Darnell in the back, killing him.Immediately after, he also killed 41-year-old store manager Carlos Chuck Leos and 31-year-old worker Dennis Troy Sargent. <mask> then encountered 23-year-old worker Zachary T. Emenegger, who fled from <mask> when he saw the gunman pointing the shotgun in his direction, beginning a bizarre sequence of near death encounters with the gunman. Diving under a produce table, Emenegger avoided <mask>'s initial gunfire for 15 seconds, but ultimately was shot in the upper-chest region resulting in a punctured lung. <mask> then saw Emenegger move and shot him again. Emenegger then played dead. Believing his victim was dead, <mask> callously whispered, "Yeah, you're dead," and proceeded to continue searching the store. Eventually, <mask> discovered 60-year-old clerk Lucille Alice Tarantino in the rear of the store and fatally shot her in the head at point-blank range.<mask> then walked back toward Emenegger and examined what he assumed was his victim's corpse before walking away. However, thinking that <mask> was gone, Emenegger attempted to get up and go for help. In another bizarre twist of fate, Emenegger collapsed back onto the ground from a lack of energy as <mask> simultaneously rounded the corner of the aisle on which Emenegger was trapped. Emenegger's collapsing a split-second before <mask> rounded the corner was incidental, however, owing its cause to Emenegger's rapidly deteriorating physical condition rather than a strategic re-continuing of pretending to be dead. Emenegger later recounted that he was completely unaware that <mask> had even made his way back to that particular side of the store, until Emenegger heard him walking back in that direction, just after he had collapsed. <mask> initially walked past Emenegger's motionless body and started to leave the store but abruptly stopped, and doubled back to once again ensure Emenegger was dead. After watching for a moment, <mask> finally fled from the store and was confronted by Las Vegas police officers who eventually took him into custody after an 8-minute standoff in the parking lot.In total, <mask> had shot seven shotgun shells, killing four people and critically wounding another. <mask> left the supermarket approximately seven minutes after he entered. Emenegger, although critically wounded, was the only survivor. It later emerged that shortly before the shooting, <mask> had telephoned an escort agency and called for the services of a young woman at his apartment. When a 20-year-old woman arrived at the apartment at around 3:30 a.m., <mask> threatened her with a shotgun and forced her to engage in vaginal intercourse, anal intercourse, digital penetration and fellatio. He eventually told her she had 60 seconds to run or be killed. After she escaped, <mask> took his shotgun and at around 5:00 am began to walk to the supermarket.Arrest <mask> left through the supermarket's north doors to meet the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department, who had been called by an employee who had been upstairs and believed there was a robbery in progress. Without exchanging any gunfire, <mask> ran back into the supermarket and left through the west doors, hoping to avoid the police outside. When he noticed that the complex was surrounded by officers, <mask> threatened to kill himself, pointing the shotgun to his head. After an eight-minute standoff, police convinced him to surrender. They immediately arrested him on charges of murder. When questioned by police, <mask> confessed to the killings and said that he committed the murders because he had always wanted to know what it was like to kill someone. Trial <mask> went to trial under the judgment of a Nevada state jury.The jurors heard <mask>'s confession and watched the video from store surveillance cameras. <mask> did not testify at the three-day trial, where Emenegger, the only survivor of <mask>'s rampage, testified against him. On July 13, 2000, after deliberating for little more than two hours, the jury convicted him of four counts of first degree murder with use of a deadly weapon, four counts of sexual assault with use of a deadly weapon, and single counts of burglary while in possession of a firearm, attempted murder with use of a deadly weapon, and first degree kidnapping with use of a deadly weapon. The jury rendered a sentence of death for each count of murder, finding that the aggravating circumstances outweighed any mitigating circumstances. For the other seven offenses, the district court imposed the maximum terms in prison, to be served consecutively. The court also ordered restitution totaling more than 180,000 dollars. Appeals <mask> filed a direct appeal to the Nevada Supreme Court, which affirmed his conviction and sentence in March 2002.In 2003, the U.S. Supreme Court denied certiorari. <mask> subsequently filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus in the state district court. The petition was denied and the Nevada Supreme Court affirmed the denial on appeal. <mask> then pursued a pro se habeas petition in the U.S. District Court for the District of Nevada, challenging his conviction and death sentence. The court stayed federal proceedings pending exhaustion of certain claims in state court, prompting <mask> to file a second state habeas petition in state district court. The state district court denied relief in April 2009. The Nevada Supreme Court affirmed, holding that <mask>'s second petition was untimely and successive.The U.S. District Court then lifted the stay in March 2011. <mask> filed a second amended petition for a writ of habeas corpus. In December 2014, the U.S. District Court granted in part the State's motion to dismiss and denied <mask>'s remaining claims on the merits; however, it issued a certificate of appealability as to several issues. Consequently, <mask> lodged an appeal in the United States Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. In October 2019, a three-judge panel of the Ninth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of <mask>'s habeas petition. <mask>'s ensuing petition for panel rehearing and rehearing en banc was denied. In July 2020, he filed a petition for certiorari with the U.S. Supreme Court, challenging the Ninth Circuit's application of the Strickland standard.That petition was denied in November 2020. Scheduled execution In April 2021, <mask> challenged Nevada's use of lethal injection, arguing that it is cruel and unusual and that, if he is to be put to death, he would prefer the use of a firing squad. <mask> was scheduled to be executed on July 26, 2021, via lethal injection. However, a federal judge stayed the execution, and ruled that the state needed more time to determine the constitutionality of the lethal injection drugs that would be used for <mask>'s execution. If executed, <mask> would have been the first person to be executed in Nevada in over fifteen years, since Daryl Mack was executed in 2006. <mask>'s execution was once again stayed by Nevada U.S. District Court Judge Richard Boulware II on February 14, 2022, when Nevada chief deputy Attorney General Randall Gilmer told the court that Clark County prosecutors had not obtained the federal death warrant needed in time to carry out the execution by February 28, when the states current supply of ketamine, one of four drugs used in lethal injections in Nevada, expires. See also List of death row inmates in the United States References American mass murderers American prisoners sentenced to death Attacks on supermarkets Prisoners sentenced to death by Nevada Living people 1975 births Criminals from Nevada United States Marines

On June 3, 1999, <mask> killed four people and injured another in a supermarket in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. <mask> was sentenced to death by a Clark County jury after pleading guilty to the murders. <mask> enlisted in the Marines after graduating high school. He was not allowed to re-enlist because of his heavy drinking. He was a bouncer at a bar and a security guard before the shooting that led to his conviction. <mask> opened fire at random people in a Las Vegas supermarket on June 3, 1999, using a shotgun. Thomas was shot in the back by <mask>.He also killed the store manager and the worker. The man fled from <mask> when he saw the man pointing the shotgun in his direction. Emenegger avoided <mask>'s initial gunfire for 15 seconds, but was shot in the upper-chest region resulting in a punctured lung. <mask> shot Emenegger again. Emenegger died. <mask> thought his victim was dead and continued to search the store. <mask> found the 60-year-old clerk in the back of the store and shot her in the head.<mask> looked at what he thought was his victim's corpse before walking away. Emenegger tried to get up and go for help when he thought <mask> was gone. <mask> rounded the corner of the aisle on which Emenegger was trapped as Emenegger collapsed back onto the ground from a lack of energy. Emenegger's collapsing a split-second before <mask> rounded the corner was not consequential due to its cause being Emenegger's rapidly deteriorated physical condition rather than a strategic re-continuing of pretending to be dead. Emenegger said he was completely unaware that <mask> had made his way back to that side of the store after he had collapsed. <mask> initially walked past Emenegger's motionless body and started to leave the store but stopped and doubled back to make sure Emenegger was dead. <mask> ran from the store and was confronted by Las Vegas police officers who took him into custody after an 8-minute standoff in the parking lot.<mask> shot seven shotgun shells, killing four people and wounding another. <mask> walked out of the supermarket seven minutes after he entered. The only survivor was Emenegger, who was critically wounded. <mask> called an escort agency shortly before the shooting and asked for a young woman to stay at his apartment. <mask> threatened the 20-year-old woman with a shotgun and forced her to have sex with him. She was told she had 60 seconds to run or die. <mask> took his shotgun and began to walk to the supermarket after she escaped.Arrest <mask> left through the north doors of the supermarket to meet the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department, who had been called by an employee who believed there was a robbery in progress. Without exchanging gunfire, <mask> ran back into the supermarket and left through the west doors to avoid the police outside. <mask> pointed the shotgun to his head when he noticed that the complex was surrounded by officers. Police persuaded him to surrender after an eight-minute standoff. He was charged with murder immediately. <mask> confessed to the killings when he was questioned by police and said that he wanted to know what it was like to kill someone. <mask> went to trial in Nevada.The jurors watched the video from the store's cameras. Emenegger, the only survivor of <mask>'s rampage, testified against him at the trial. He was found guilty of four counts of first degree murder with use of a deadly weapon, four counts of sexual assault with use of a deadly weapon, and single counts of possession of a firearm and attempted murder with use. The jury's decision to impose a death sentence for each count of murder was based on the severity of the crime. The maximum terms in prison were imposed by the district court. More than 180,000 dollars was ordered by the court. The Nevada Supreme Court upheld <mask>'s conviction and sentence in 2002.The Supreme Court denied certiorari. <mask> filed a petition in the state district court. The Nevada Supreme Court upheld the denial of the petition. <mask> filed a pro se petition in the U.S. District Court for the District of Nevada to challenge his conviction and death sentence. <mask> filed a second state habeas petition in state district court after the court stayed federal proceedings. In April 2009, the state district court denied relief. <mask>'s second petition was held to be untimely and successive by the Nevada Supreme Court.The stay was lifted in March 2011. <mask> filed a second amended petition. In December of 2014, the U.S. District Court granted in part the State's motion to dismiss and denied <mask>'s remaining claims on the merits; however, it issued a certificate of appealability as to several issues. <mask> lodged an appeal in the United States Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. The district court's denial of <mask>'s petition was affirmed by a three-judge panel of the Ninth Circuit. <mask>'s petition for rehearing was denied. He filed a petition for certiorari with the U.S. Supreme Court in July 2020.The petition was denied in November 2020. <mask> challenged Nevada's use of lethal injection, arguing that it is cruel and unusual and that if he is to be put to death, he would prefer the use of a firing squad. <mask> was scheduled to be executed on July 26, 2021. The state needed more time to determine the constitutionality of the lethal injection drugs that would be used for <mask>'s execution after a federal judge stayed the execution. <mask> would have been the first person to be executed in Nevada in fifteen years. <mask>'s execution was stayed for a second time by the Nevada U.S. District Court Judge Richard Boulware II because Clark County prosecutors didn't have a federal death warrant in time. There is a list of death row inmates in the United States.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel%20Roberts%20Poinsett

Joel Roberts Poinsett

Joel Roberts Poinsett (March 2, 1779December 12, 1851) was an American physician and diplomat. He was the first U.S. agent in South America, a member of the South Carolina legislature and the United States House of Representatives, the first United States Minister to Mexico, a Unionist leader in South Carolina during the Nullification Crisis, Secretary of War under Martin Van Buren, and a co-founder of the National Institute for the Promotion of Science and the Useful Arts (a predecessor of the Smithsonian Institution). Early travels Joel Roberts Poinsett was born in 1779 in Charleston, South Carolina, to a wealthy physician, Elisha Poinsett, and his wife Katherine Ann Roberts. He was educated in Connecticut and Europe, gaining expertise in languages, the law, and military affairs. Touring in Europe In 1800 Poinsett returned to Charleston hoping to pursue a military career. His father did not want his son to be a soldier. Hoping to entice his son to settle into the Charleston aristocracy, Poinsett had his son study law under Henry William DeSaussure, a prominent lawyer of Charleston. Poinsett was not interested in becoming a lawyer, and convinced his parents to allow him to go on an extended tour of Europe in 1801. DeSaussure sent with him a list of law books including Blackstone's Commentaries and Burn's Ecclesiastical Law, just in case young Poinsett changed his mind regarding the practice of law. Beginning in 1801, Poinsett traveled the European continent. In the spring of 1802, Poinsett left France for Italy traveling through the Alps and Switzerland. He visited the cities of Naples and hiked up Mount Etna on the island of Sicily. In the spring of 1803 he arrived in Switzerland and stayed at the home of Jacques Necker and his daughter, Madame de Stael. Necker, French Finance Minister from 1776 to 1781 under Louis XVI, had been driven into exile by Napoleon I. On one occasion, Robert Livingston, the United States minister to France, was invited for a visit while he was touring Savoy, France, and Switzerland. Poinsett was compelled to assume the role of interpreter between the deaf Livingston and the aged Necker, whose lack of teeth made his speech almost incomprehensible. Fortunately, Madame de Stael tactfully assumed the duty of translation for her elderly father. In October 1803, Poinsett left Switzerland for Vienna, Austria, and from there journeyed to Munich. In December he received word that his father was dead, and that his sister, Susan, was seriously ill. He immediately secured passage back to Charleston. Poinsett arrived in Charleston early in 1804, months after his father had been laid to rest. Hoping to save his sister's life, Poinsett took her on a voyage to New York, remembering how his earlier voyage to Lisbon had intensified his recovery. Yet, upon arriving in New York City, Susan Poinsett died. As the sole remaining heir, Poinsett inherited a small fortune in town houses and lots, plantations, bank stock, and "English funds." The entire Poinsett estate was valued at a hundred thousand dollars or more. Travel in Russia Poinsett arrived in the Russian capital of St. Petersburg in November 1806. Levett Harris, consul of the United States at St. Petersburg, and the highest American official in the country, hoped to introduce Poinsett at court to Czar Alexander. Learning that Poinsett was from South Carolina, the Empress asked him if he would inspect the cotton factories under her patronage. Poinsett and Consul Harris traveled by sleigh to Cronstadt to see the factories. Poinsett made some suggestions on improvement, which the Dowager Empress accepted. Poinsett did not believe the cotton industry could be successful in Russia because of the necessity of employing serfs who received no compensation and therefore could have no interest in its prosperity. Furthermore, he believed that the institution of serfdom made it difficult for Russia to have a merchant marine or become industrialized. In January 1807, Czar Alexander and Poinsett dined at the Palace. Czar Alexander attempted to entice Poinsett into the Russian civil or military service. Poinsett was hesitant, which prompted Alexander to advise him to "see the Empire, acquire the language, study the people", and then decide. Always interested in travel, Poinsett accepted the invitation and left St. Petersburg in March 1807 on a journey through southern Russia. He was accompanied by his English friend Philip Yorke, Viscount Royston and eight others. With letters recommending them to the special care of all Russian officials, Poinsett and Royston made their way to Moscow. They were among the last westerners to see Moscow before its burning in October 1812 by Napoleon's forces. From Moscow they traveled to the Volga River, and then by boat to Astrakhan, situated at the mouth of the river. Poinsett's company now entered the Caucasus, containing a very diverse population, and only recently acquired by Russia through conquests by Czars Peter the Great and Catherine the Great. Because of ethnic conflict, the area was extremely dangerous. They were provided with a Cossack escort as they traveled between Tarki and Derbent, but when a Tartar dignitary claimed that this would only provoke danger, the escort was bypassed for the security of the Tartar chiefs. This new security increased the numbers in Poinsett's company, which they believed made it less vulnerable to attack as it passed out of Russia proper. Thus, they were joined by a Persian merchant, who was transporting young girls he had acquired in Circassia to Baku and harems in Turkey. With a strong Persian and Kopak guard, the party left Derbent and entered the realm of the Khan of Kuban. While traveling through the Khanate, a tribal chief stole some of the horses in Poinsett's party. Poinsett boldly decided to go out of his way to the court of the Khan in the town of Kuban to demand their return. As there were normally never any foreigners in this place, the Khan was surprised. Of course, he had never heard of the United States, and Poinsett did the best he could to answer all the questions the Khan had. In order to convey the greatness of the U.S., Poinsett spoke at length on its geography. The Khan referred to President Thomas Jefferson as the Shah of America. Finally, Poinsett stated that the theft of his horses would reflect badly on the fair name of the Khanate. The Khan was impressed and told Poinsett that the head of the guilty chief was his for the asking, yet since the thief had made it possible for him to accept such a distinguished visitor, perhaps a pardon might be in order. Poinsett's company traveled to Baku on the Caspian Sea. He noted that because of the petroleum pits in the region, it had long been a spot of pilgrimage for fire-worshipers. He became one of the earliest U.S. travelers to the Middle East, where, in 1806, the Persian khan showed him a pool of petroleum, which he speculated might someday be used for fuel. Attracted by the military movements in the Caucasus Mountains, Poinsett visited Erivan, which was then besieged by the Russian Army. After a time with the troops, Poinsett and company journeyed through the mountains of Armenia to the Black Sea. Avoiding Constantinople because of conflict between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, the party proceeded to the Crimea, then through Ukraine, reaching Moscow late in 1807. The trip had been hazardous and Poinsett's health was much impaired. Furthermore, of the nine who had set out on the journey the previous March, Poinsett and two others were the only survivors. Upon his return to Moscow, Czar Alexander's discussed the details of Poinsett's trip with him and offered him a position as colonel in the Russian Army. However, news had reached Russia of the attack of the Chesapeake affair, and war between the United States and Great Britain seemed certain. Poinsett eagerly sought to return to his homeland. Before leaving Russia, Poinsett met one last time with Czar Alexander. The Czar declared that Russia and the United States should maintain friendly relations. Poinsett again met with Foreign Minister Count Romanzoff where the Russian disclosed to Poinsett that the Czar ardently desired to have a minister from the United States at the Russian Court. Chile and Argentina He served as a "special agent" to two South American countries from 1810 to 1814, Chile and Argentina. President James Madison appointed him in 1809 as Consul in General. Poinsett was to investigate the prospects of the revolutionists, in their struggle for independence from Spain. On December 29, 1811, he reached Santiago. The Larrain and Carrera families were jockeying for power in Chile. By the time Poinsett arrived, the Carreras gained control under their leader, José Miguel Carrera. Carrera's government was split on how to receive Poinsett. The Tribunal del Consulado, the organization with jurisdiction over commercial matters opposed his reception on the grounds that his nomination had not been confirmed by the U.S. Senate. Moreover, many of the members of this group were royalists, hoping for closer relations with Spain or Britain. Nevertheless, Poinsett received recognition as a majority wanted to establish trade relations with the U.S. The official reception finally occurred on February 24, 1812. Poinsett was the first accredited agent of a foreign government to reach Chile. Poinsett's main adversary in Chile was the junta of Peru. The Colonial Viceroy of Peru resented the Chileans' disregard for Spanish authority. He declared the laws of the new Chilean government relative to free commerce null and void and sent privateers to enforce the old colonial system. Seizure of ships and confiscation of cargoes followed, to the dismay of foreign traders, especially Americans. Poinsett learned of the seizure of an American whaler searching for supplies from an intercepted letter from the governor of San Carlos de Chiloe to the viceroy of Lima. Furthermore, he received intelligence that ten other American vessels were seized at Talcahuano in the Bay of Concepción. With little guidance from the Madison administration, Poinsett decided that something had to be done to halt violations of American neutral rights. Poinsett urged Chile to close its ports to Peru, but the authorities in Santiago did not feel they were strong enough to take such a step. Instead they urged Poinsett to aid them in obtaining arms and supplies from the United States. Although Poinsett furnished the names of certain dealers, many of them were already too involved with the conflict between the U.S. and Britain to give any attention to the Chileans. During this time Poinsett also urged the Chileans to create a national constitution. A commission consisting of Camilo Henríquez and six others was named for the purpose of drawing up a constitution. The first meeting of the group was held at Poinsett's residence on July 11, 1812. The seizure of American ships by royalist Peru continued. Poinsett's commission stated that he was to protect all American property and provide for American citizens. After a consultation with Carrera, Poinsett accepted a commission into the Chilean army to fight against the Spanish Royalists based in Peru. Poinsett was later given the rank of general in Carrera's army. He led a charge at the head of the Chilean cavalry in the Battle of San Carlos and secured a victory for Chile. From there, he went with a battery of flying artillery to the Bay of Concepción, where ten American vessels had been seized. He arrived at dark near the seaport of Talcahuano, and began firing on the town. At dawn he sent an emissary to demand the surrender of the bay to the Junta of Chile. The Peruvian royalists surrendered on May 29, 1813. In early September 1813, the United States Frigate Essex arrived in Chilean waters, forcibly seizing the British whalers in the area. When Commodore David Porter of the U.S.S. Essex arrived in Santiago, Poinsett received the first authoritative news of the War of 1812. He now desired more than ever to return to his home. However, this could not happen until Commodore Porter completed his cruise of the Pacific. Finally, as the Essex set out with Poinsett aboard, the British frigates HMS Phoebe and HMS Cherub were spotted in the port of Valparaiso. Commodore Porter returned to Santiago to utilize the guns of the fort there. After waiting six weeks, Porter decided to launch a desperate breakout but was easily defeated by Captain James Hillyar of the Phoebe. The British decided to send their American prisoners of war back to the United States in a cartel. Poinsett was forced to stay behind in Chile. When Poinsett returned to Buenos Aires, he found a Junta that was very well established. He managed to negotiate a commercial agreement with the Junta by which American articles of general consumption were admitted free of duty. As American shipping had been driven from the South Atlantic, it took some time to find passage back to the United States. Poinsett finally secured passage aboard a vessel going to Bahia, a state in the northeastern part of Brazil. From there he transferred to another ship bound for the Madeira Islands, located 535 miles from mainland Europe. Poinsett finally reached Charleston on May 28, 1815. Return to the U.S. Returning to Charleston in 1815, Poinsett spent the first few months putting his personal affairs in order. From then until 1825 Poinsett stayed in South Carolina seeking to build a reputation in his home state, and hold office. Yet, he came to be respected as an authority on Latin American affairs. In 1816 Poinsett received a letter from his old friend General Jose Miguel Carrera. Since Poinsett's departure, the Chilean Royalists had consolidated their hold on Chile, and after spending a year in exile in the provinces of the Río de la Plata, Carrera came to the United States in January 1816 to stimulate interest for a revolution in Chile. Poinsett wrote Carrera back stating that he intended to urge the U.S. government to develop decisive policy regarding the Spanish colonies. President James Madison received General Carrera warmly, but never offered him any official encouragement because he worried that seriously entertaining Carrera might jeopardize gaining Florida that was under Spanish rule. Carrera's only hope of help came from his former comrade. In July 1816, Poinsett traveled to New York to meet Carrera. While there, Poinsett attempted to interest John Jacob Astor, the wealthy owner of the American Fur Company, in supplying Carrera's Chilean revolutionists with weapons; however, Astor declined to get involved. In August 1816, Poinsett was able to arrange some conferences in Philadelphia between the Chilean leader and some of Napoleon's former officers. Among them were Marshal de Grouchy who had commanded Napoleon's body guards during the Russian Campaign. Poinsett also arranged a meeting between Carrera and General Bertrand Count Clausel. Clausel had distinguished himself in the Napoleonic Wars and was given the distinction of Peer of France by Napoleon in 1815. Although Carrera's movement never benefited from the experience of these French officers, Poinsett did succeed in obtaining contracts with the firm D'Arcy and Didier of Philadelphia to supply arms for the expedition which Carrera was planning. On August 29, 1816, Poinsett set out on a tour of the U.S. along with four men and one slave from Charleston, set out from Philadelphia on a tour of the West. They made stops in Pittsburgh and Cincinnati, before stopping in Lexington, Kentucky. While in Lexington, the group stayed with Congressman Henry Clay. It is possible that in relating his experiences in Chile, Poinsett may have made quite an impression on Clay, who would distinguish himself as the biggest American supporter for Spanish American independence in the next few years. From Lexington, the travelers made their way to Louisville, and then on to Nashville, Tennessee. While in Nashville, Poinsett and his companions had breakfast with Andrew Jackson. Poinsett, after traversing more than two thousand miles, finally returned to Charleston in early November 1816. Political career Poinsett was aware that his friends had nominated him to represent Charleston, South Carolina, in the state legislature. In Greenville on his way back home, he learned that he had won the nomination and had a seat in the State House of Representatives. As he was beginning his first term in April 1817, the rumored position of American envoy to South America became reality. On April 25, 1817, acting Secretary of State Robert Rush offered Poinsett the position of special commissioner to South America stating, "No one has better qualifications for this trust than yourself." Rush also added that he would be personally gratified by Poinsett's acceptance. Nevertheless, Poinsett declined the honor. In May, Poinsett explained to President James Monroe that he had recently accepted a seat in the legislature of South Carolina and could not resign it "without some more important motive than this commission presents." Poinsett perceived that the mission would not lead to any substantial decision for recognition and was unwilling to give up his seat in the House. In the same letter, Poinsett offered his knowledge of South America to the service of whomever the Monroe administration appointed. Poinsett's political values mirrored those of others at the time who considered themselves Jeffersonian Republicans. One of the most important measures supported by Jeffersonian Republicans following the War of 1812 was that of federally funded internal improvements. As a member of the state legislature, this was one of Poinsett's passions. After being re-elected to the South Carolina House in 1818, he became a member of the Committee on Internal Improvements and Waterways. Poinsett also served on the South Carolina Board of Public Works as president. One of the main plans of this board was to link the interior of the state with the seaboard. Another important project was the construction of a highway from Charleston through Columbia, to the northwestern border of South Carolina. It was designed to promote interstate commerce as well as to draw commerce from eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina to Charleston. Poinsett, a seasoned traveler, knew better than anyone the importance of good roadways. Through his journeys in New England in 1804 and especially to the west in 1816, Poinsett understood that his country could benefit from transportation facilities. Election to Congress In 1820, Poinsett won a seat in the United States House of Representatives for the Charleston district. As a congressman, Poinsett continued to call for internal improvements, but he also advocated the maintenance of a strong army and navy. In December 1823, Poinsett submitted a resolution calling upon the Committee on Naval Affairs to inquire into the expediency of authorizing the construction of ten additional sloops of war. As a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, Poinsett took strong views on developments in South America. Poinsett's political views were aligned with such nationalists as Secretary of State John Quincy Adams and Secretary of War John C. Calhoun. Poinsett, like many opponents of Clay's American system, opposed the Tariff of 1824. First Minister to Mexico Poinsett simultaneously served as a special envoy to Mexico from 1822 to 1823, when the government of James Monroe became concerned about the stability of newly independent Mexico. Poinsett, a supporter of the Monroe Doctrine, was convinced that republicanism was the only guarantee of a peaceful, free form of government for North American countries, and tried to influence the government of Agustín de Iturbide, which was beginning to show signs of weakness and divisiveness. On January 12, 1828, in Mexico City, Poinsett signed the first treaty between the United States and Mexico, the Treaty of Limits, a treaty that recognized the U.S.-Mexico border established by the 1819 Adams–Onís Treaty between Spain and the U.S. Because some U.S. political leaders were dissatisfied with the Treaty of Limits and the Adams–Onís Treaty, Poinsett was sent to negotiate acquisition of new territories for the United States, including Texas, New Mexico, and Upper California, as well as parts of Lower California, Sonora, Coahuila, and Nuevo León; but Poinsett's offer to purchase these areas was rejected by the Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs headed by Juan Francisco de Azcárate. (Poinsett wrote Notes on Mexico, a memoir of his time in the First Mexican Empire and at the court of Agustín de Iturbide.) The U.S. recognized Mexican independence but it was not until 1825 and the establishment of the Mexican Republic that it sent a minister plenipotentiary. Andrew Jackson and several others turned down the appointment, but Poinsett accepted and resigned his congressional seat. He became embroiled in the country's political turmoil until his recall in 1830, but he did try to further U.S. interests in Mexico by seeking preferential treatment of U.S. goods over those of Britain, attempting to shift the U.S.–Mexico boundary, and urging the adoption of a constitution patterned on that of the U.S. After visiting an area south of Mexico City near Taxco de Alarcón, Poinsett saw what later became known in the United States as the poinsettia. (In Mexico it is called Flor de Nochebuena, Christmas Eve flower, or Catarina). Poinsett, an avid amateur botanist, sent samples of the plant to the United States, and by 1836 the plant was widely known as the "poinsettia". Also a species of Mexican lizard, Sceloporus poinsettii, is named in Poinsett's honor. Unionist Although Poinsett was a proponent of the slave system and owned slaves, he returned to South Carolina in 1830 to support the Unionist position during the Nullification Crisis, again serving in the South Carolina state legislature (1830-1831). Poinsett also became a confidential agent of President Andrew Jackson, keeping Jackson abreast of situation in South Carolina between October 1832 and March 1833. In 1833, Poinsett married the widow Mary Izard Pringle (1780-1857), daughter of Ralph and Elizabeth (Stead) Izard. Secretary of War Poinsett served as Secretary of War from March 7, 1837, to March 5, 1841, and presided over the continuing suppression of Indian raids by removal of Indians west of the Mississippi and over the Seminole War; reduced the fragmentation of the army by concentrating elements at central locations; equipped the light batteries of artillery regiments as authorized by the 1821 army organization act; and again retired to his plantation at Georgetown, South Carolina, in 1841. Personal life Promotion of American Arts During the 1820s, Poinsett was a member of the prestigious society, the Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences, who counted among their members former presidents Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams and many prominent men of the day, including well-known representatives of the military, government service, medical and other professions. He was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1825 and as a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1827. In 1840 he was a cofounder of the National Institute for the Promotion of Science and the Useful Arts, a group of politicians advocating for the use of the "Smithson bequest" for a national museum that would showcase relics of the country and its leaders, celebrate American technology, and document the national resources of North America. The group was defeated in its efforts, as other groups wanted scientists, rather than political leaders, guiding the fortunes of what would become the Smithsonian Institution. Freemasonry It is unknown when Poinsett became a Master Mason, but it is known that he was a Past Master of Recovery Lodge #31, Greenville, and Solomon's Lodge, Charleston. Poinsett played a prominent role in defining Freemasonry in Mexico; he favoured promoting the York Rite, which was allied to the political interests of the United States. This became one of three strands, the other to being allied to Continental Freemasonry and the other an "independent" National Mexican Rite. Later life He died of tuberculosis, hastened by an attack of pneumonia, in Stateburg, South Carolina, in 1851, and is buried at the Church of the Holy Cross Episcopal Cemetery. See also Treaty of Limits (Mexico–United States) References External links Joel Roberts Poinsett, Political Memory of Mexico ....for a more balanced view of Ponsett's involvement in Mexico(Article in Spanish) Handbook of Texas Online: POINSETT, JOEL ROBERTS The History of the Poinsettia Joel Roberts Poinsett: The Man Behind The Flower Joel Roberts Poinsett Historical Marker Poinsett State Park In Wedgefield South Carolina Poinsett as a Mason in Greenville, SC 1779 births 1851 deaths Members of the United States House of Representatives from South Carolina United States Secretaries of War Ambassadors of the United States to Mexico Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences American Episcopalians American Freemasons American proslavery activists American slave owners Democratic-Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives History of the foreign relations of Chile Jacksonian members of the United States House of Representatives Members of the South Carolina House of Representatives Politicians from Charleston, South Carolina South Carolina Democratic-Republicans South Carolina Jacksonians Van Buren administration cabinet members 19th-century American botanists 19th-century American diplomats 19th-century American politicians Burials in South Carolina American white supremacists

<mask> (March 2, 1779December 12, 1851) was an American physician and diplomat. He was the first U.S. agent in South America, a member of the South Carolina legislature and the United States House of Representatives, the first United States Minister to Mexico, a Unionist leader in South Carolina during the Nullification Crisis, Secretary of War under Martin Van Buren, and a co-founder of the National Institute for the Promotion of Science and the Useful Arts (a predecessor of the Smithsonian Institution). Early travels <mask> was born in 1779 in Charleston, South Carolina, to a wealthy physician, <mask>, and his wife <mask>. He was educated in Connecticut and Europe, gaining expertise in languages, the law, and military affairs. Touring in Europe In 1800 <mask> returned to Charleston hoping to pursue a military career. His father did not want his son to be a soldier. Hoping to entice his son to settle into the Charleston aristocracy, <mask> had his son study law under Henry William DeSaussure, a prominent lawyer of Charleston.<mask> was not interested in becoming a lawyer, and convinced his parents to allow him to go on an extended tour of Europe in 1801. DeSaussure sent with him a list of law books including Blackstone's Commentaries and Burn's Ecclesiastical Law, just in case young <mask> changed his mind regarding the practice of law. Beginning in 1801, <mask> traveled the European continent. In the spring of 1802, <mask> left France for Italy traveling through the Alps and Switzerland. He visited the cities of Naples and hiked up Mount Etna on the island of Sicily. In the spring of 1803 he arrived in Switzerland and stayed at the home of Jacques Necker and his daughter, Madame de Stael. Necker, French Finance Minister from 1776 to 1781 under Louis XVI, had been driven into exile by Napoleon I.On one occasion, Robert Livingston, the United States minister to France, was invited for a visit while he was touring Savoy, France, and Switzerland. <mask> was compelled to assume the role of interpreter between the deaf Livingston and the aged Necker, whose lack of teeth made his speech almost incomprehensible. Fortunately, Madame de Stael tactfully assumed the duty of translation for her elderly father. In October 1803, <mask> left Switzerland for Vienna, Austria, and from there journeyed to Munich. In December he received word that his father was dead, and that his sister, Susan, was seriously ill. He immediately secured passage back to Charleston. <mask> arrived in Charleston early in 1804, months after his father had been laid to rest.Hoping to save his sister's life, <mask> took her on a voyage to New York, remembering how his earlier voyage to Lisbon had intensified his recovery. Yet, upon arriving in New York City, <mask> died. As the sole remaining heir, <mask> inherited a small fortune in town houses and lots, plantations, bank stock, and "English funds." The entire <mask> estate was valued at a hundred thousand dollars or more. Travel in Russia <mask> arrived in the Russian capital of St. Petersburg in November 1806. Levett Harris, consul of the United States at St. Petersburg, and the highest American official in the country, hoped to introduce Poinsett at court to Czar Alexander. Learning that <mask> was from South Carolina, the Empress asked him if he would inspect the cotton factories under her patronage.<mask> and Consul Harris traveled by sleigh to Cronstadt to see the factories. <mask> made some suggestions on improvement, which the Dowager Empress accepted. <mask> did not believe the cotton industry could be successful in Russia because of the necessity of employing serfs who received no compensation and therefore could have no interest in its prosperity. Furthermore, he believed that the institution of serfdom made it difficult for Russia to have a merchant marine or become industrialized. In January 1807, Czar Alexander and <mask> dined at the Palace. Czar Alexander attempted to entice <mask> into the Russian civil or military service. <mask> was hesitant, which prompted Alexander to advise him to "see the Empire, acquire the language, study the people", and then decide.Always interested in travel, <mask> accepted the invitation and left St. Petersburg in March 1807 on a journey through southern Russia. He was accompanied by his English friend Philip Yorke, Viscount Royston and eight others. With letters recommending them to the special care of all Russian officials, <mask> and Royston made their way to Moscow. They were among the last westerners to see Moscow before its burning in October 1812 by Napoleon's forces. From Moscow they traveled to the Volga River, and then by boat to Astrakhan, situated at the mouth of the river. <mask>'s company now entered the Caucasus, containing a very diverse population, and only recently acquired by Russia through conquests by Czars Peter the Great and Catherine the Great. Because of ethnic conflict, the area was extremely dangerous.They were provided with a Cossack escort as they traveled between Tarki and Derbent, but when a Tartar dignitary claimed that this would only provoke danger, the escort was bypassed for the security of the Tartar chiefs. This new security increased the numbers in <mask>'s company, which they believed made it less vulnerable to attack as it passed out of Russia proper. Thus, they were joined by a Persian merchant, who was transporting young girls he had acquired in Circassia to Baku and harems in Turkey. With a strong Persian and Kopak guard, the party left Derbent and entered the realm of the Khan of Kuban. While traveling through the Khanate, a tribal chief stole some of the horses in <mask>'s party. <mask> boldly decided to go out of his way to the court of the Khan in the town of Kuban to demand their return. As there were normally never any foreigners in this place, the Khan was surprised.Of course, he had never heard of the United States, and <mask> did the best he could to answer all the questions the Khan had. In order to convey the greatness of the U.S., <mask> spoke at length on its geography. The Khan referred to President Thomas Jefferson as the Shah of America. Finally, <mask> stated that the theft of his horses would reflect badly on the fair name of the Khanate. The Khan was impressed and told Poinsett that the head of the guilty chief was his for the asking, yet since the thief had made it possible for him to accept such a distinguished visitor, perhaps a pardon might be in order. <mask>'s company traveled to Baku on the Caspian Sea. He noted that because of the petroleum pits in the region, it had long been a spot of pilgrimage for fire-worshipers.He became one of the earliest U.S. travelers to the Middle East, where, in 1806, the Persian khan showed him a pool of petroleum, which he speculated might someday be used for fuel. Attracted by the military movements in the Caucasus Mountains, <mask> visited Erivan, which was then besieged by the Russian Army. After a time with the troops, <mask> and company journeyed through the mountains of Armenia to the Black Sea. Avoiding Constantinople because of conflict between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, the party proceeded to the Crimea, then through Ukraine, reaching Moscow late in 1807. The trip had been hazardous and <mask>'s health was much impaired. Furthermore, of the nine who had set out on the journey the previous March, <mask> and two others were the only survivors. Upon his return to Moscow, Czar Alexander's discussed the details of <mask>'s trip with him and offered him a position as colonel in the Russian Army.However, news had reached Russia of the attack of the Chesapeake affair, and war between the United States and Great Britain seemed certain. <mask> eagerly sought to return to his homeland. Before leaving Russia, <mask> met one last time with Czar Alexander. The Czar declared that Russia and the United States should maintain friendly relations. <mask> again met with Foreign Minister Count Romanzoff where the Russian disclosed to <mask> ardently desired to have a minister from the United States at the Russian Court. Chile and Argentina He served as a "special agent" to two South American countries from 1810 to 1814, Chile and Argentina. President James Madison appointed him in 1809 as Consul in General.<mask> was to investigate the prospects of the revolutionists, in their struggle for independence from Spain. On December 29, 1811, he reached Santiago. The Larrain and Carrera families were jockeying for power in Chile. By the time <mask> arrived, the Carreras gained control under their leader, José Miguel Carrera. Carrera's government was split on how to receive <mask>. The Tribunal del Consulado, the organization with jurisdiction over commercial matters opposed his reception on the grounds that his nomination had not been confirmed by the U.S. Senate. Moreover, many of the members of this group were royalists, hoping for closer relations with Spain or Britain.Nevertheless, <mask> received recognition as a majority wanted to establish trade relations with the U.S. The official reception finally occurred on February 24, 1812. <mask> was the first accredited agent of a foreign government to reach Chile. <mask>'s main adversary in Chile was the junta of Peru. The Colonial Viceroy of Peru resented the Chileans' disregard for Spanish authority. He declared the laws of the new Chilean government relative to free commerce null and void and sent privateers to enforce the old colonial system. Seizure of ships and confiscation of cargoes followed, to the dismay of foreign traders, especially Americans.<mask> learned of the seizure of an American whaler searching for supplies from an intercepted letter from the governor of San Carlos de Chiloe to the viceroy of Lima. Furthermore, he received intelligence that ten other American vessels were seized at Talcahuano in the Bay of Concepción. With little guidance from the Madison administration, <mask> decided that something had to be done to halt violations of American neutral rights. <mask> urged Chile to close its ports to Peru, but the authorities in Santiago did not feel they were strong enough to take such a step. Instead they urged <mask> to aid them in obtaining arms and supplies from the United States. Although <mask> furnished the names of certain dealers, many of them were already too involved with the conflict between the U.S. and Britain to give any attention to the Chileans. During this time <mask> also urged the Chileans to create a national constitution.A commission consisting of Camilo Henríquez and six others was named for the purpose of drawing up a constitution. The first meeting of the group was held at <mask>'s residence on July 11, 1812. The seizure of American ships by royalist Peru continued. <mask>'s commission stated that he was to protect all American property and provide for American citizens. After a consultation with Carrera, <mask> accepted a commission into the Chilean army to fight against the Spanish Royalists based in Peru. <mask> was later given the rank of general in Carrera's army. He led a charge at the head of the Chilean cavalry in the Battle of San Carlos and secured a victory for Chile.From there, he went with a battery of flying artillery to the Bay of Concepción, where ten American vessels had been seized. He arrived at dark near the seaport of Talcahuano, and began firing on the town. At dawn he sent an emissary to demand the surrender of the bay to the Junta of Chile. The Peruvian royalists surrendered on May 29, 1813. In early September 1813, the United States Frigate Essex arrived in Chilean waters, forcibly seizing the British whalers in the area. When Commodore David Porter of the U.S.S. Essex arrived in Santiago, <mask> received the first authoritative news of the War of 1812.He now desired more than ever to return to his home. However, this could not happen until Commodore Porter completed his cruise of the Pacific. Finally, as the Essex set out with <mask> aboard, the British frigates HMS Phoebe and HMS Cherub were spotted in the port of Valparaiso. Commodore Porter returned to Santiago to utilize the guns of the fort there. After waiting six weeks, Porter decided to launch a desperate breakout but was easily defeated by Captain James Hillyar of the Phoebe. The British decided to send their American prisoners of war back to the United States in a cartel. <mask> was forced to stay behind in Chile.When <mask> returned to Buenos Aires, he found a Junta that was very well established. He managed to negotiate a commercial agreement with the Junta by which American articles of general consumption were admitted free of duty. As American shipping had been driven from the South Atlantic, it took some time to find passage back to the United States. <mask> finally secured passage aboard a vessel going to Bahia, a state in the northeastern part of Brazil. From there he transferred to another ship bound for the Madeira Islands, located 535 miles from mainland Europe. <mask> finally reached Charleston on May 28, 1815. Return to the U.S.Returning to Charleston in 1815, <mask> spent the first few months putting his personal affairs in order. From then until 1825 <mask> stayed in South Carolina seeking to build a reputation in his home state, and hold office. Yet, he came to be respected as an authority on Latin American affairs. In 1816 <mask> received a letter from his old friend General Jose Miguel Carrera. Since <mask>'s departure, the Chilean Royalists had consolidated their hold on Chile, and after spending a year in exile in the provinces of the Río de la Plata, Carrera came to the United States in January 1816 to stimulate interest for a revolution in Chile. <mask> wrote Carrera back stating that he intended to urge the U.S. government to develop decisive policy regarding the Spanish colonies. President James Madison received General Carrera warmly, but never offered him any official encouragement because he worried that seriously entertaining Carrera might jeopardize gaining Florida that was under Spanish rule.Carrera's only hope of help came from his former comrade. In July 1816, <mask> traveled to New York to meet Carrera. While there, <mask> attempted to interest John Jacob Astor, the wealthy owner of the American Fur Company, in supplying Carrera's Chilean revolutionists with weapons; however, Astor declined to get involved. In August 1816, <mask> was able to arrange some conferences in Philadelphia between the Chilean leader and some of Napoleon's former officers. Among them were Marshal de Grouchy who had commanded Napoleon's body guards during the Russian Campaign. <mask> also arranged a meeting between Carrera and General Bertrand Count Clausel. Clausel had distinguished himself in the Napoleonic Wars and was given the distinction of Peer of France by Napoleon in 1815.Although Carrera's movement never benefited from the experience of these French officers, <mask> did succeed in obtaining contracts with the firm D'Arcy and Didier of Philadelphia to supply arms for the expedition which Carrera was planning. On August 29, 1816, <mask> set out on a tour of the U.S. along with four men and one slave from Charleston, set out from Philadelphia on a tour of the West. They made stops in Pittsburgh and Cincinnati, before stopping in Lexington, Kentucky. While in Lexington, the group stayed with Congressman Henry Clay. It is possible that in relating his experiences in Chile, <mask> may have made quite an impression on Clay, who would distinguish himself as the biggest American supporter for Spanish American independence in the next few years. From Lexington, the travelers made their way to Louisville, and then on to Nashville, Tennessee. While in Nashville, <mask> and his companions had breakfast with Andrew Jackson.<mask>, after traversing more than two thousand miles, finally returned to Charleston in early November 1816. Political career <mask> was aware that his friends had nominated him to represent Charleston, South Carolina, in the state legislature. In Greenville on his way back home, he learned that he had won the nomination and had a seat in the State House of Representatives. As he was beginning his first term in April 1817, the rumored position of American envoy to South America became reality. On April 25, 1817, acting Secretary of State Robert Rush offered <mask> the position of special commissioner to South America stating, "No one has better qualifications for this trust than yourself." Rush also added that he would be personally gratified by <mask>'s acceptance. Nevertheless, <mask> declined the honor.In May, <mask> explained to President James Monroe that he had recently accepted a seat in the legislature of South Carolina and could not resign it "without some more important motive than this commission presents." <mask> perceived that the mission would not lead to any substantial decision for recognition and was unwilling to give up his seat in the House. In the same letter, <mask> offered his knowledge of South America to the service of whomever the Monroe administration appointed. <mask>'s political values mirrored those of others at the time who considered themselves Jeffersonian Republicans. One of the most important measures supported by Jeffersonian Republicans following the War of 1812 was that of federally funded internal improvements. As a member of the state legislature, this was one of <mask>'s passions. After being re-elected to the South Carolina House in 1818, he became a member of the Committee on Internal Improvements and Waterways.<mask> also served on the South Carolina Board of Public Works as president. One of the main plans of this board was to link the interior of the state with the seaboard. Another important project was the construction of a highway from Charleston through Columbia, to the northwestern border of South Carolina. It was designed to promote interstate commerce as well as to draw commerce from eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina to Charleston. <mask>, a seasoned traveler, knew better than anyone the importance of good roadways. Through his journeys in New England in 1804 and especially to the west in 1816, <mask> understood that his country could benefit from transportation facilities. Election to Congress In 1820, <mask> won a seat in the United States House of Representatives for the Charleston district.As a congressman, <mask> continued to call for internal improvements, but he also advocated the maintenance of a strong army and navy. In December 1823, <mask> submitted a resolution calling upon the Committee on Naval Affairs to inquire into the expediency of authorizing the construction of ten additional sloops of war. As a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, <mask> took strong views on developments in South America. <mask>'s political views were aligned with such nationalists as Secretary of State John Quincy Adams and Secretary of War John C. Calhoun. <mask>, like many opponents of Clay's American system, opposed the Tariff of 1824. First Minister to Mexico <mask> simultaneously served as a special envoy to Mexico from 1822 to 1823, when the government of James Monroe became concerned about the stability of newly independent Mexico. <mask>, a supporter of the Monroe Doctrine, was convinced that republicanism was the only guarantee of a peaceful, free form of government for North American countries, and tried to influence the government of Agustín de Iturbide, which was beginning to show signs of weakness and divisiveness.On January 12, 1828, in Mexico City, <mask> signed the first treaty between the United States and Mexico, the Treaty of Limits, a treaty that recognized the U.S.-Mexico border established by the 1819 Adams–Onís Treaty between Spain and the U.S. Because some U.S. political leaders were dissatisfied with the Treaty of Limits and the Adams–Onís Treaty, <mask> was sent to negotiate acquisition of new territories for the United States, including Texas, New Mexico, and Upper California, as well as parts of Lower California, Sonora, Coahuila, and Nuevo León; but <mask>'s offer to purchase these areas was rejected by the Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs headed by Juan Francisco de Azcárate. (<mask> wrote Notes on Mexico, a memoir of his time in the First Mexican Empire and at the court of Agustín de Iturbide.) The U.S. recognized Mexican independence but it was not until 1825 and the establishment of the Mexican Republic that it sent a minister plenipotentiary. Andrew Jackson and several others turned down the appointment, but <mask> accepted and resigned his congressional seat. He became embroiled in the country's political turmoil until his recall in 1830, but he did try to further U.S. interests in Mexico by seeking preferential treatment of U.S. goods over those of Britain, attempting to shift the U.S.–Mexico boundary, and urging the adoption of a constitution patterned on that of the U.S. After visiting an area south of Mexico City near Taxco de Alarcón, <mask> saw what later became known in the United States as the poinsettia. (In Mexico it is called Flor de Nochebuena, Christmas Eve flower, or Catarina). Poinsett, an avid amateur botanist, sent samples of the plant to the United States, and by 1836 the plant was widely known as the "poinsettia".Also a species of Mexican lizard, Sceloporus poinsettii, is named in <mask>'s honor. Unionist Although <mask> was a proponent of the slave system and owned slaves, he returned to South Carolina in 1830 to support the Unionist position during the Nullification Crisis, again serving in the South Carolina state legislature (1830-1831). <mask> also became a confidential agent of President Andrew Jackson, keeping Jackson abreast of situation in South Carolina between October 1832 and March 1833. In 1833, <mask> married the widow Mary Izard Pringle (1780-1857), daughter of Ralph and Elizabeth (Stead) Izard. Secretary of War <mask> served as Secretary of War from March 7, 1837, to March 5, 1841, and presided over the continuing suppression of Indian raids by removal of Indians west of the Mississippi and over the Seminole War; reduced the fragmentation of the army by concentrating elements at central locations; equipped the light batteries of artillery regiments as authorized by the 1821 army organization act; and again retired to his plantation at Georgetown, South Carolina, in 1841. Personal life Promotion of American Arts During the 1820s, <mask> was a member of the prestigious society, the Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences, who counted among their members former presidents Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams and many prominent men of the day, including well-known representatives of the military, government service, medical and other professions. He was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1825 and as a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1827.In 1840 he was a cofounder of the National Institute for the Promotion of Science and the Useful Arts, a group of politicians advocating for the use of the "Smithson bequest" for a national museum that would showcase relics of the country and its leaders, celebrate American technology, and document the national resources of North America. The group was defeated in its efforts, as other groups wanted scientists, rather than political leaders, guiding the fortunes of what would become the Smithsonian Institution. Freemasonry It is unknown when <mask> became a Master Mason, but it is known that he was a Past Master of Recovery Lodge #31, Greenville, and Solomon's Lodge, Charleston. Poinsett played a prominent role in defining Freemasonry in Mexico; he favoured promoting the York Rite, which was allied to the political interests of the United States. This became one of three strands, the other to being allied to Continental Freemasonry and the other an "independent" National Mexican Rite. Later life He died of tuberculosis, hastened by an attack of pneumonia, in Stateburg, South Carolina, in 1851, and is buried at the Church of the Holy Cross Episcopal Cemetery. See also Treaty of Limits (Mexico–United States) References External links <mask> <mask>, Political Memory of Mexico ....for a more balanced view of Ponsett's involvement in Mexico(Article in Spanish) Handbook of Texas Online: POINSETT, JOEL ROBERTS The History of the Poinsettia <mask> Poinsett: The Man Behind The Flower <mask> Poinsett Historical Marker Poinsett State Park In Wedgefield South Carolina Poinsett as a Mason in Greenville, SC 1779 births 1851 deaths Members of the United States House of Representatives from South Carolina United States Secretaries of War Ambassadors of the United States to Mexico Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences American Episcopalians American Freemasons American proslavery activists American slave owners Democratic-Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives History of the foreign relations of Chile Jacksonian members of the United States House of Representatives Members of the South Carolina House of Representatives Politicians from Charleston, South Carolina South Carolina Democratic-Republicans South Carolina Jacksonians Van Buren administration cabinet members 19th-century American botanists 19th-century American diplomats 19th-century American politicians Burials in South Carolina American white supremacists

<mask> was an American physician and diplomat. He was the first U.S. agent in South America, a member of the South Carolina legislature and the United States House of Representatives, the first United States Minister to Mexico, and a Unionist leader in South Carolina. <mask> was born in Charleston, South Carolina, to a wealthy physician and his wife. He gained expertise in languages, the law, and military affairs after graduating from Connecticut and Europe. <mask> wanted to pursue a military career after touring in Europe. His father didn't want his son to be a soldier. Poinsett wanted his son to study law in order to get him into the Charleston aristocracy.<mask> convinced his parents to allow him to go on an extended tour of Europe because he was not interested in becoming a lawyer. In case <mask> changed his mind about the practice of law, DeSaussure sent him a list of law books. <mask> traveled to Europe in the 19th century. <mask> traveled through the Alps and Switzerland in the spring of 1802. He hiked up Mount Etna on the island of Sicily after visiting the cities of Naples. He stayed at the home of Jacques Necker and his daughter, Madame de Stael, in the spring of 1803. The French Finance Minister from 1776 to 1781 was driven into exile by Napoleon I.Robert Livingston, the United States minister to France, was invited to visit when he was in Savoy, France, and Switzerland. <mask> had to assume the role of interpreter between the Livingston and the aged Necker, whose lack of teeth made his speech almost incomprehensible. Madame de Stael assumed the duty of translation for her father. In October 1803, <mask> left Switzerland for Vienna, Austria, and then traveled to Munich. He was told in December that his father was dead and his sister was seriously ill. He was able to get back to Charleston. After his father was laid to rest, <mask> arrived in Charleston.<mask> wanted to save his sister's life, so he took her on a voyage to New York. <mask> died when she arrived in New York City. Poinsett had a small fortune in town houses and lots, plantations, bank stock, and "English funds." The <mask> estate was worth more than a hundred thousand dollars. In November of 1806, <mask> arrived in Russia. <mask> was to be introduced to Czar Alexander by Levett Harris, the highest American official in the country. He was asked if he would inspect the cotton factories under her patronage after learning that <mask> was from South Carolina.<mask> and Harris traveled by sleigh to see the factories. The Dowager Empress accepted some suggestions from <mask>. <mask> did not believe that the cotton industry could be successful in Russia because serfs who received no compensation were not interested in its prosperity. He believed that the institution of serfdom made it difficult for Russia to have a merchant marine. Czar Alexander and <mask> dined at the Palace. Czar Alexander tried to get <mask> to join the military. Alexander advised <mask> to see the Empire, acquire the language, study the people, and then decide.<mask> traveled through southern Russia after accepting the invitation. Philip Yorke was with him along with eight others. <mask> and Royston made their way to Moscow after being recommended to the special care of all Russian officials. They were the last westerners to see Moscow before it was destroyed by Napoleon's forces. They traveled from Moscow to the mouth of the river by boat. The Caucasus contains a very diverse population and was recently acquired by Russia through conquests by Czars Peter the Great and Catherine the Great. The area was dangerous because of ethnic conflict.They were provided with a Cossack escort as they traveled between Tarki and Derbent, but when a Tartar dignitary claimed that this would only provoke danger, the escort was bypassed for the security of the Tartar chiefs. This new security increased the numbers in <mask>'s company, which they believed made it less vulnerable to attack as it passed out of Russia proper. They were joined by a Persian merchant who was transporting young girls from Circassia to Turkey. The party left Derbent and entered the realm of the Khan of Kuban with a Persian and Kopak guard. Some of the horses in <mask>'s party were stolen by a tribal chief while he traveled through the Khanate. <mask> went to the court of the Khan in the town of Kuban to demand their return. The Khan was surprised that there were no foreigners in this place.<mask> did the best he could to answer all the questions the Khan had, but he had never heard of the United States. <mask> spoke about its geography in order to convey the greatness of the U.S. The Shah of America was referred to by the Khan. The fair name of the Khanate would be badly affected by the theft of his horses. The Khan was impressed and told <mask> that the head of the guilty chief was his for the asking, yet since the thief had made it possible for him to accept such a distinguished visitor, perhaps a pardon might be in order. On the Caspian Sea, <mask>'s company traveled to Baku. It had long been a place of pilgrimage for fire-worshipers because of the petroleum pits in the region.He was one of the earliest US travelers to the Middle East, where he was shown a pool of oil by the Persian khan. <mask> was attracted by the military movements in the Caucasus Mountains and visited Erivan, which was besieged by the Russian Army. <mask> and company traveled through the mountains of Armenia to the Black Sea. The party avoided Constantinople because of the conflict between Russia and the Ottoman Empire. The trip was dangerous and <mask>'s health was bad. <mask> and two others were the only survivors of the nine who set out on the journey the previous March. Czar Alexander offered <mask> a position as colonel in the Russian Army after discussing the details of his trip with him.The war between the United States and Great Britain seemed certain after news of the attack on the Chesapeake affair reached Russia. <mask> wanted to return to his homeland. <mask> met Czar Alexander one last time. Russia and the United States should maintain friendly relations according to the Czar. Russian Foreign Minister Count Romanzoff told <mask> that the Czar wanted a minister from the United States at the Russian Court. He was a "special agent" to two South American countries. President James Madison appointed him as a diplomat.The revolutionists were trying to get independence from Spain. He reached Santiago on December 29, 1811. The Larrain and Carrera families were competing for power. The Carreras gained control when <mask> arrived. The government of Carrera was divided on how to receive <mask>. The organization with jurisdiction over commercial matters objected to his reception because his nomination had not been confirmed by the U.S. Senate. Many of the members of this group were royalists, hoping for better relations with Spain or Britain.The majority of Poinsett wanted to establish trade relations with the U.S. The official reception took place on February 24, 1812. The first accredited agent of a foreign government was <mask>. The junta of Peru was <mask>'s main opponent. The Viceroy resented the disregard for Spanish authority shown by the Chileans. Privateers were sent to enforce the old colonial system after he declared the laws of the new Chilean government null and void. Foreign traders were dismayed by the seizure of ships.An intercept letter from the governor of San Carlos de Chiloe to the viceroy of Lima led to the seizure of an American whaler. He received information that ten American vessels were seized in the Bay of Concepcin. With little guidance from the Madison administration, <mask> decided that something had to be done to stop violations of American neutral rights. The authorities in Santiago did not think they were strong enough to close the ports to Peru. They wanted <mask> to help them get arms and supplies from the United States. Many of the dealers that <mask> gave names were already involved in the conflict between the U.S. and Britain. <mask> advocated for the creation of a national constitution in the country.The purpose of the commission was to draw up a constitution. The first meeting of the group took place at <mask>'s residence. The seizure of American ships continued. According to <mask>'s commission, he was to provide for American citizens and protect all American property. <mask> accepted a commission to fight against the Spanish Royalists after consulting Carrera. Carrera gave <mask> the rank of general. In the Battle of San Carlos, he led a charge at the head of the cavalry.The Bay of Concepcin was where ten American vessels had been seized. He arrived at dark near the seaport and began shooting. He sent an emissary to demand the surrender of the bay. The royalists surrendered on May 29, 1813. The British whalers were seized by the United States Frigate Essex in September of 1813. Commodore David Porter was in the U.S.S. Poinsett received the first authoritative news of the War of 1812 when Essex arrived in Santiago.He wanted to return to his home more than ever. Commodore Porter completed his cruise of the Pacific before this could happen. As the Essex set out with <mask>, two British warships were spotted in the port of Valparaiso. Commodore Porter used the guns of the fort in Santiago. Porter was defeated by Captain James Hillyar of the Phoebe after six weeks of waiting. American prisoners of war were sent back to the United States by the British. <mask> had to stay in Chile.The Junta that <mask> found was very well established. He was able to negotiate a commercial agreement with the Junta that allowed American articles of general consumption to be free of duty. It took some time for American shipping to get back to the United States. <mask> was able to get passage on a vessel going to the northeastern part of Brazil. The Madeira Islands are 535 miles from mainland Europe. <mask> reached Charleston on May 28, 1814. Return to the U.S.<mask> spent the first few months in Charleston putting his affairs in order. <mask> stayed in South Carolina to build a reputation and hold office. He was respected as an authority on Latin American affairs. <mask> received a letter from Carrera. After spending a year in exile in the provinces of the Ro de la Plata, Carrera came to the United States in January 1816 to spark interest for a revolution in Chile. Carrera was told by <mask> that he intended to urge the U.S. government to make a decision regarding the Spanish colonies. General Carrera was warmly received by President James Madison, but he never offered him any official encouragement because he worried that entertaining Carrera might jeopardize gaining Florida, which was under Spanish rule.Carrera's only hope of help was from his former friend. <mask> traveled to New York to meet Carrera. While there, <mask> tried to get John Jacob Astor, the owner of the American Fur Company, to supply the revolutionists with weapons. <mask> was able to arrange some conferences in Philadelphia between Napoleon's former officers and the leader of the country. During the Russian Campaign, de Grouchy commanded Napoleon's body guards. Carrera and Clausel had a meeting with <mask>. Clausel was given the honor of Peer of France by Napoleon in the 19th century.Although Carrera's movement never benefited from the experience of these French officers, <mask> did succeed in obtaining contracts with the firm D'Arcy and Didier of Philadelphia to supply arms for the expedition which Carrera was planning. Along with four men and one slave from Charleston, <mask> set out from Philadelphia on a tour of the U.S. They stopped in Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and Kentucky. The group stayed with Congressman Henry Clay. <mask> may have made an impression on Clay, who would distinguish himself as the biggest American supporter for Spanish American independence in the next few years. The travelers made their way to Louisville and then to Nashville. <mask> and his friends had breakfast with Andrew Jackson.<mask> returned to Charleston in early November 1816 after traversing more than two thousand miles. <mask> knew that his friends had nominated him to represent Charleston in the state legislature. He found out that he had won the nomination and was in the State House of Representatives. The position of American envoy to South America became reality as he began his first term. On April 25, 1817, acting Secretary of State Robert Rush offered <mask> the position of special commissioner to South America stating, "No one has better qualifications for this trust than yourself." Rush said that he would be very pleased by <mask>'s acceptance. <mask> declined the honor.In May, <mask> explained to President James Monroe that he had recently accepted a seat in the legislature of South Carolina and could not resign it "without some more important motive than this commission presents." <mask> was unwilling to give up his seat in the House because he thought the mission wouldn't lead to a decision for recognition. <mask> offered his knowledge of South America to the Monroe administration in a letter. <mask>'s political values were similar to those of other Jeffersonian Republicans. Federally funded internal improvements were one of the most important measures supported by Jeffersonian Republicans after the War of 1812. <mask> was a member of the state legislature. He became a member of the Committee on Internal Improvements and Waterways after being re-elected to the South Carolina House.The president of the South Carolina Board of Public Works was <mask>. One of the main plans of the board was to link the interior of the state with the seaboard. The construction of a highway from Charleston to the northwestern border of South Carolina was an important project. It was designed to bring commerce from eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina to Charleston. <mask> knew better than anyone the importance of good roads. <mask> understood that his country could benefit from transportation facilities when he traveled to New England and the west in 1816. <mask> was elected to the United States House of Representatives for the Charleston district.<mask> advocated the maintenance of a strong army and navy while he was a congressman. In December 1823, <mask> submitted a resolution to the Committee on Naval Affairs to inquire into the expediency of authorizing the construction of ten additional sloops of war. As a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, <mask> had strong views on developments in South America. Secretary of State John Quincy Adams and Secretary of War John C. Calhoun were aligned with <mask>'s political views. The Tariff of 1824 was opposed by <mask>. The First Minister to Mexico <mask> served as a special envoy to Mexico from 1822 to 1823 when the government of James Monroe became concerned about the stability of newly independent Mexico. According to <mask>, republicanism was the only guarantee of a peaceful, free form of government for North American countries, and he tried to influence the government of Agustn de Iturbide, which was beginning to show signs of weakness.The Treaty of Limits was signed by <mask> in Mexico City on January 12, 1828, in order to recognize the U.S.-Mexico border established by the 1819 Adams–Ons Treaty between Spain and the U.S. Notes on Mexico is a memoir of his time in the First Mexican Empire. Mexican independence was recognized by the U.S. but not until 1824, when the Mexican Republic was established. Andrew Jackson and others turned down the appointment, but <mask> accepted and resigned his seat. He tried to further U.S. interests in Mexico by seeking preferential treatment of U.S. goods over those of Britain. The Christmas Eve flower is called Catarina in Mexico. The plant was widely known as the "poinsettia" after <mask> sent samples to the US.The Mexican lizard, Sceloporus poinsettii, is named after <mask>. <mask> returned to South Carolina in 1830 to support the Unionist position in the state legislature, even though he was a supporter of the slave system and owned slaves. Between October 1832 and March 1833, <mask> was a confidential agent of President Andrew Jackson. Mary Izard Pringle was the widow of <mask>. Secretary of War <mask> was the Secretary of War from March 7, 1836 to March 5, 1841, and oversaw the suppression of Indian raids west of the Mississippi and over the Seminole War. <mask> was a member of the prestigious society, the Columbian Institute for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences, which had former presidents Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams as members. He was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a member of the American Philosophical Society.A group of politicians advocated for the use of the Smithson bequest for a national museum that would showcase relics of the country and its leaders, celebrate American technology, and document the national resources. The group was defeated because other groups wanted scientists, not politicians, to guide the fortunes of the museum. It is not known when <mask> became a Master Mason, but he was a Past Master of Recovery Lodge #31, and Solomon's Lodge, Charleston. <mask> was involved in defining Freemasonry in Mexico and he was in favor of the York Rite, which was allied to the political interests of the United States. This became one of three strands, the other being allied to Continental Freemasonry and the other being an "independent" National Mexican Rite. He died of Tuberculosis in Stateburg, South Carolina, in 1856 and is buried at the Church of the Holy Cross Episcopal Cemetery. For a more balanced view of Ponsett's involvement in Mexico, read Political Memory of Mexico.

19685348

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eve%20Marder

Eve Marder

Eve Marder is a University Professor and the Victor and Gwendolyn Beinfield Professor of Neuroscience at Brandeis University. At Brandeis, Marder is also a member of the Volen National Center for Complex Systems. Dr. Marder is known for her pioneering work on small neuronal networks which her team has interrogated via a combination of complementary experimental and theoretical techniques. Marder is particularly well known in the community for her work on neural circuits in the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system (STNS), a small network of 30 neurons. She discovered that circuits are not “hard-wired” to produce a single output or behavior, but can be reconfigured by neuromodulators to produce many outputs and behaviors while still maintaining the integrity of the circuit. Her work has revolutionized the way scientists approach the studies of neural circuits with respect to the study of structural and functional behavior. The general principles that have resulted from her work are thought to be generally applicable to other neural networks, including those in humans. Marder has received numerous awards for her pioneering work in the field including memberships in the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2013, she was named to the National Institute of Health working group for the BRAIN Initiative. Career, research, and service Marder was born in Manhattan and raised on the east coast. Although she loved biology from an early age, Marder has shared that she held very diverse academic interests prior to starting her undergraduate degree and in fact entered Brandeis University as an undergraduate in 1965 with a plan to study politics and become a lawyer. She would instead find herself re-captivated by the world of biology and switched majors to Biology after her freshman year. Marder has shared that a pivotal turning point in her scientific self-development was writing a paper on schizophrenia during an abnormal psychology class during her junior year. Her subsequent library studies on inhibition in neural signaling solidified her career goals to become a neuroscientist and launched her on what would become her lifelong academic path. Marder received her B.A. from Brandeis University in 1969 and subsequently completed Ph.D. studies at University of California, San Diego. It was during her time as a graduate student at UCSD that Marder would be introduced to the specific neural network, the lobster stomatogastric-ganglion system, that would prove pivotal for the rest of her academic career. Marder's doctoral work on the role of acetylcholine in the lobster STG led to a single-author paper in Nature. She completed her postdoctoral training at the University of Oregon in Eugene and the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, France. Marder subsequently began her independent research career at Brandeis University in 1978 as a faculty member in the department in Biology. Her work on the 30 neurons that compose the lobster stomatogastric ganglion (STG) produced many notable findings. She found that circuits can be modulated by many neuromodulators, which act on the level of populations of neurons, unlike some neurotransmitters, which can only affect specific target neurons. She pioneered work on plasticity and homeostasis, revealing more about how the brain can change dramatically during learning and development yet remain structurally stable. Her recent work examining network variability among healthy individuals shows that a variety of network parameters can produce the same behavioral outcome, challenging a long-standing goal in theoretical neuroscience to model 'ideal' neurons and neural circuits. Along with Larry Abbott, she also developed the dynamic clamp method, which enables an experimenter to induce mathematically modeled conductances into living neurons to view the output of theoretical circuits. She is currently an elected counselor for the National Academy of Science, a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the United States National Academy of Sciences, serves on the National Institutes of Health working group for the BRAIN Initiative, and is a former president of the Society for Neuroscience. She is also a Deputy Editor at eLife, and, due to her early interest in politics, she often writes about science, politics, and society. In 1990 at Brandeis, she established one of the first undergraduate neuroscience programs in the United States. Select publications Eve Marder has an extensive publication record in the areas of neuromodulation, computational neuroscience, the dynamics of small networks, and neuropeptides. A selection of works are listed below: Notable awards National Academy of Science Award in the Neurosciences (2019) Honorary Doctorate from Tel Aviv University (2017) Kavli Prize in Neuroscience (2016) Gruber Neuroscience Prize (2013) Member, Institute of Medicine (2013) George A. Miller Prize, Cognitive Neuroscience Society (2012) Karl Spenser Lashley Prize, American Philosophical Society (2012) Honorary Doctor of Science, Bowdoin College (2010) Fellow, Biophysical Society (2008) Member, National Academy of Sciences (2007) President, Society for Neuroscience (2007) President-Elect, Society for Neuroscience (2006–2007) Gerard Prize, Society for Neuroscience (2005) Trustee of the Grass Foundation (2002–2005) Women in Neuroscience Mika Salpeter Lifetime Achievement Award (2002–2003) Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2001–2001) MERIT (Method to Extend Research in Time) Award, National Institutes of Health (1995–2000) McKnight Endowment fund for Neuroscience Investigator Award (1994) Jacob Javits Neuroscience Investigator Award, National Advisory Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke Council (1987–1994) References External links Brandeis Marder page Eve Marder iBioseminars: "Understanding Circuit Dynamics" Living people 1948 births Brandeis University faculty Brandeis University alumni University of California, San Diego alumni American neuroscientists American women neuroscientists Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences Kavli Prize laureates in Neuroscience

<mask> is a University Professor and the Victor and Gwendolyn Beinfield Professor of Neuroscience at Brandeis University. At Brandeis, <mask> is also a member of the Volen National Center for Complex Systems. Dr. <mask> is known for her pioneering work on small neuronal networks which her team has interrogated via a combination of complementary experimental and theoretical techniques. <mask> is particularly well known in the community for her work on neural circuits in the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system (STNS), a small network of 30 neurons. She discovered that circuits are not “hard-wired” to produce a single output or behavior, but can be reconfigured by neuromodulators to produce many outputs and behaviors while still maintaining the integrity of the circuit. Her work has revolutionized the way scientists approach the studies of neural circuits with respect to the study of structural and functional behavior. The general principles that have resulted from her work are thought to be generally applicable to other neural networks, including those in humans.<mask> has received numerous awards for her pioneering work in the field including memberships in the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2013, she was named to the National Institute of Health working group for the BRAIN Initiative. Career, research, and service <mask> was born in Manhattan and raised on the east coast. Although she loved biology from an early age, <mask> has shared that she held very diverse academic interests prior to starting her undergraduate degree and in fact entered Brandeis University as an undergraduate in 1965 with a plan to study politics and become a lawyer. She would instead find herself re-captivated by the world of biology and switched majors to Biology after her freshman year. <mask> has shared that a pivotal turning point in her scientific self-development was writing a paper on schizophrenia during an abnormal psychology class during her junior year. Her subsequent library studies on inhibition in neural signaling solidified her career goals to become a neuroscientist and launched her on what would become her lifelong academic path.<mask> received her B.A. from Brandeis University in 1969 and subsequently completed Ph.D. studies at University of California, San Diego. It was during her time as a graduate student at UCSD that <mask> would be introduced to the specific neural network, the lobster stomatogastric-ganglion system, that would prove pivotal for the rest of her academic career. <mask>'s doctoral work on the role of acetylcholine in the lobster STG led to a single-author paper in Nature. She completed her postdoctoral training at the University of Oregon in Eugene and the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, France. <mask> subsequently began her independent research career at Brandeis University in 1978 as a faculty member in the department in Biology. Her work on the 30 neurons that compose the lobster stomatogastric ganglion (STG) produced many notable findings.She found that circuits can be modulated by many neuromodulators, which act on the level of populations of neurons, unlike some neurotransmitters, which can only affect specific target neurons. She pioneered work on plasticity and homeostasis, revealing more about how the brain can change dramatically during learning and development yet remain structurally stable. Her recent work examining network variability among healthy individuals shows that a variety of network parameters can produce the same behavioral outcome, challenging a long-standing goal in theoretical neuroscience to model 'ideal' neurons and neural circuits. Along with Larry Abbott, she also developed the dynamic clamp method, which enables an experimenter to induce mathematically modeled conductances into living neurons to view the output of theoretical circuits. She is currently an elected counselor for the National Academy of Science, a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the United States National Academy of Sciences, serves on the National Institutes of Health working group for the BRAIN Initiative, and is a former president of the Society for Neuroscience. She is also a Deputy Editor at eLife, and, due to her early interest in politics, she often writes about science, politics, and society. In 1990 at Brandeis, she established one of the first undergraduate neuroscience programs in the United States.Select publications <mask> has an extensive publication record in the areas of neuromodulation, computational neuroscience, the dynamics of small networks, and neuropeptides. A selection of works are listed below: Notable awards National Academy of Science Award in the Neurosciences (2019) Honorary Doctorate from Tel Aviv University (2017) Kavli Prize in Neuroscience (2016) Gruber Neuroscience Prize (2013) Member, Institute of Medicine (2013) George A. Miller Prize, Cognitive Neuroscience Society (2012) Karl Spenser Lashley Prize, American Philosophical Society (2012) Honorary Doctor of Science, Bowdoin College (2010) Fellow, Biophysical Society (2008) Member, National Academy of Sciences (2007) President, Society for Neuroscience (2007) President-Elect, Society for Neuroscience (2006–2007) Gerard Prize, Society for Neuroscience (2005) Trustee of the Grass Foundation (2002–2005) Women in Neuroscience Mika Salpeter Lifetime Achievement Award (2002–2003) Fellow, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2001–2001) MERIT (Method to Extend Research in Time) Award, National Institutes of Health (1995–2000) McKnight Endowment fund for Neuroscience Investigator Award (1994) Jacob Javits Neuroscience Investigator Award, National Advisory Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke Council (1987–1994) References External links Brandeis Marder page <mask>der iBioseminars: "Understanding Circuit Dynamics" Living people 1948 births Brandeis University faculty Brandeis University alumni University of California, San Diego alumni American neuroscientists American women neuroscientists Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences Kavli Prize laureates in Neuroscience

The Victor and Gwendolyn Beinfield Professor of Neuroscience is <mask>. <mask> is a member of the Volen National Center for Complex Systems. Dr. <mask>'s team has used a combination of experimental and theoretical techniques to investigate small neuronal networks. <mask> is well known in the community for her work on neural circuits in the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system. She found that circuits are not hard-wired to produce a single output or behavior, but can be changed to produce many outputs and behaviors while still maintaining the integrity of the circuit. The way scientists approach the studies of neural circuits with respect to the study of structural and functional behavior has been changed by her work. The general principles that resulted from her work are thought to be applicable to other neural networks.<mask> is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She was named to the National Institute of Health working group. <mask> was born in Manhattan and raised on the east coast. Although she loved biology from an early age, <mask> has shared that she held a variety of academic interests prior to starting her undergraduate degree and that she intended to study politics and become a lawyer. After her freshman year, she switched majors to Biology and found herself re-captivated by the world of biology. During her junior year, Marder wrote a paper on schizophrenia, which was a turning point in her scientific development. Her career goals were solidified when she studied inhibition in neural signaling in the library.Her B.A. was received by Marder. After completing his studies at the University of California, San Diego, he obtained a PhD. <mask> was introduced to the lobster stomatogastric-ganglion system during her time as a graduate student at UCSD. A single-author paper on <mask>'s work was published in Nature. She graduated from the University of Oregon in Eugene and the cole Normale Supérieure in Paris, France. <mask> was a faculty member in the department of Biology at Brandeis University when she began her independent research career. Her work on the lobster stomatogastric ganglion produced many notable findings.She found that circuits can be altered by many neuromodulators, which act on the level of populations of neurons, unlike some neurotransmitters, which only affect specific target neurons. She discovered that the brain can change dramatically during learning and development, yet remain stable. A variety of network parameters can produce the same behavioral outcome, challenging a long-standing goal in theoretical neuroscience to model 'ideal' neurons and neural circuits. She and Larry Abbott developed a method that allows an experimenter to induce conductances into living neurons to view the output of theoretical circuits. She is an elected counselor for the National Academy of Science, a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the United States National Academy of Sciences, and a former president of the Society for Neuroscience. Due to her interest in politics, she often writes about science, politics, and society. One of the first undergraduate neuroscience programs in the United States was established in 1990.<mask> has an extensive publication record in the areas of neuroscience, dynamics of small networks, and neuropeptides. The National Academy of Science Award in the Neurosciences is one of the notable awards.

624208

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Oxley

Tony Oxley

Tony Oxley (born 15 June 1938) is an English free-jazz drummer and one of the founders of Incus Records. Biography Oxley was born in Sheffield, England. A self-taught pianist by the age of eight, he first began playing the drums at seventeen. In Sheffield he was taught by Haydon Cook, who had returned to the city after a long residency in the 1950s at Ronnie Scott's in London. While in the Black Watch military band from 1957 to 1960, he studied music theory and improved his drumming technique. From 1960 to 1964 he led a quartet which performed locally in England. In 1963, he began working with Gavin Bryars and guitarist Derek Bailey, in a trio known as Joseph Holbrooke. Oxley moved to London in 1966 and became house drummer at Ronnie Scott's, where he accompanied visiting musicians such as Joe Henderson, Lee Konitz, Charlie Mariano, Stan Getz, Sonny Rollins, and Bill Evans until the early 1970s. He was a member of bands led by Gordon Beck, Alan Skidmore, and Mike Pyne. In 1969, Oxley appeared on the John McLaughlin album Extrapolation and formed a quintet with Bailey, Jeff Clyne, Evan Parker, and Kenny Wheeler, releasing the album The Baptised Traveller. Following this album the group was joined by Paul Rutherford on trombone and became a sextet, releasing the 1970 album 4 Compositions for Sextet. That same year Oxley helped found Incus Records with Bailey and others and Musicians Cooperative. He received a three-month artist-in-residence job at the Sydney Conservatorium in Australia in 1970. Around this time he joined the London Jazz Composers Orchestra and collaborated with Howard Riley. In 1973 he became a tutor at the Jazz Summer School in Barry, South Wales, and in 1974 he formed the band Angular Apron. Through the 1980s he worked with Tony Coe and Didier Levallet and started the Celebration Orchestra during the latter half of the decade. Oxley toured with Anthony Braxton in 1989 began a working relationship with Cecil Taylor. In 1993, he joined a quartet with Tomasz Stańko, Bobo Stenson, and Anders Jormin. In 2000 he released the album Triangular Screen with the Tony Oxley Project 1, a trio with Ivar Grydeland and Tonny Kluften. Discography As leader The Baptised Traveller (CBS, 1969) 4 Compositions for Sextet (CBS, 1970) Ichnos (RCA Victor, 1971) Jazz in Britain '68-'69 with John Surman, Alan Skidmore (Decca Eclipse, 1972) Tony Oxley (Incus, 1975) The Alan Davie Music Workshop with Alan Davie (ADMW, 1975) February Papers (Incus, 1977) S.O.H. (EGO, 1979) Ach Was!? with Ulrich Gumpert, Radu Malfatti (FMP, 1981) SOH (View, 1981) Nutty On Willisau with Tony Coe (hatART, 1984) Live at Roccella Jonica with Norma Winstone, Kenny Wheeler, Paolo Fresu, John Taylor, Paolo Damiani (Ismez/Polis Music, 1985) Tomorrow Is Here Jazzfest Berlin 1985, Live from the Philharmonie (Dossier, 1986) The Glider & The Grinder with Philipp Wachsmann (Bead, 1987) Live in Roccella Jonica 1986 with Palle Mikkelborg, Charlie Mariano, Paolo Damiani, Tiziana Ghiglioni (Ismez/Polis, 1987) Bodies with Claudio Fasoli, Mick Goodrick, Palle Danielsson (New Sound Planet, 1990) Explore with Stefano Battaglia (Splasc(h), 1990) In the Evenings Out There with Paul Bley, Gary Peacock, John Surman (ECM, 1993) Tony Oxley Quartet (Incus, 1993) Sulphur with Stefano Battaglia, Paolino Dalla Porta (Splasc(h), 1995) The Enchanted Messenger (Soul Note 1995) Deep with Ekkehard Jost, Reiner Winterschladen, Ewald Oberleitner (Fish Music, 1997) Soho Suites (Recordings from 1977 & 1995) with Derek Bailey (Incus, 1997) Digger's Harvest with Alexander von Schlippenbach (FMP, 1999) Triangular Screen (Sofa, 2000) Floating Phantoms (a/l/l, 2002) GratHovOx with Frank Gratkowski, Fred Van Hove (Nuscope, 2002) S.O.H. Live in London with Alan Skidmore, Ali Haurand (Jazzwerkstatt 2007) The Advocate with Derek Bailey (Tzadik, 2007) Tony Oxley/Derek Bailey Quartet (Jazzwerkstatt, 2008) Live at Jazzwerkstatt Peitz with Conny Bauer, Gianluigi Trovesi, Dietmar Diesner (Jazzwerkstatt 2008) Improvised Pieces for Trio with Sebastiano Meloni, Adriano Orru (Big Round, 2010) A Birthday Tribute – 75 Years (Incus, 2013) Beaming (Confront Recordings, 2020) With The Quartet Dedications (Konnex, 1984) Relation (Konnex, 1985) Interchange (Konnex, 1986) Live (Konnex, 1987) As guest With Gordon Beck Experiments with Pops (Major Minor, 1968) Gyroscope (Morgan, 1969) Seven Steps to Evans - A Tribute to the Compositions of Bill Evans (MPS, 1980) When Sunny Gets Blue (Spring '68 Sessions) (Turtle, 2018) With Bill Dixon Vade Mecum (Soul Note, 1994) Vade Mecum II (Soul Note, 1994) Papyrus Volume I (Soul Note, 1999) Papyrus Volume II (Soul Note, 1999) Berlin Abbozzi (FMP, 2000) With Barry Guy/London Jazz Composers Orchestra Ode (Incus, 1972) Stringer (FMP, 1983) With Joseph Holbrooke ' 98 (Incus 2000) The Moat Recordings (Tzadik, 2006) With Rolf Kühn Devil in Paradise (BASF, 1971) Going to the Rainbow (BASF, 1971) With Howard Riley Flight (Turtle, 1971) Synopsis (Incus 1974) Overground (Emanem, 2001) With Tomasz Stańko Matka Joanna (ECM, 1995) Leosia (ECM, 1997) With John Surman How Many Clouds Can You See? (Deram, 1970) Adventure Playground (ECM, 1992) With Cecil Taylor Leaf Palm Hand (Disc 6 of 11-disc set Cecil Taylor in Berlin '88) (FMP, 1989) Looking (Berlin Version) The Feel Trio (FMP, 1990) Looking (Berlin Version) Corona (FMP, 1991) Celebrated Blazons (FMP, 1993) Melancholy (FMP, 1999) Nailed (FMP, 2000) 2 Ts for a Lovely T (Codanza, 2002) Taylor/Dixon/Oxley (Les Disques Victo, 2002) Ailanthus / Altissima: Bilateral Dimensions Of 2 Root Songs (Triple Point, 2009) Conversations with Tony Oxley (Jazzwerkstatt, 2018) Birdland, Neuburg 2011 (Fundacja Słuchaj!, 2020) Being Astral and All Registers – Power of Two (Discus, 2020) With others Paul Bley, Chaos with Furio Di Castri (Soul Note, 1998) Anthony Braxton, Seven Compositions (Trio) 1989 (hatART, 1989) Peter Brötzmann, Berlin Djungle (FMP, 1987) Bill Evans, The 1972 Ljubljana Concert (2018) Georgie Fame, The Two Faces Of Fame (CBS, 1967) Michael Gibbs, Michael Gibbs (Deram, 1970) George Gruntz, Monster Sticksland Meeting Two: Monster Jazz (MPS, 1974) Tubby Hayes, Seven Steps to Heaven: Live at the Hopbine 1972 (Gearbox, 2013) Giorgio Gaslini & Jean-Luc Ponty, Jean-Luc Ponty Meets Giorgio Gaslini (1974) Don "Sugarcane" Harris, Keep On Driving (MPS, 1970) Didier Levallet, Scoop (In+Out, 1983) John McLaughlin, Extrapolation (1969) Mark Nauseef, All In All In All (Relative Pitch, 2018) Paul Rutherford & Iskra 1912, Sequences 72 & 73 (Emanem, 1997) Ronnie Scott, Live at Ronnie Scott's (CBS, 1968) Alan Skidmore, Once Upon a Time (Deram, 1970) Vangelis, Hypothesis (Bellaphon, 1978) Jasper van 't Hof and George Gruntz, Fairytale (MPS 1979) Kenny Wheeler, Song for Someone (Incus, 1973) Notes References 1938 births Living people Musicians from Sheffield British male drummers English jazz drummers Free jazz drummers Avant-garde jazz musicians Free improvisation Tzadik Records artists British male jazz musicians Joseph Holbrooke (band) members Incus Records artists FMP/Free Music Production artists

<mask> (born 15 June 1938) is an English free-jazz drummer and one of the founders of Incus Records. Biography <mask> was born in Sheffield, England. A self-taught pianist by the age of eight, he first began playing the drums at seventeen. In Sheffield he was taught by Haydon Cook, who had returned to the city after a long residency in the 1950s at Ronnie Scott's in London. While in the Black Watch military band from 1957 to 1960, he studied music theory and improved his drumming technique. From 1960 to 1964 he led a quartet which performed locally in England. In 1963, he began working with Gavin Bryars and guitarist Derek Bailey, in a trio known as Joseph Holbrooke.<mask> moved to London in 1966 and became house drummer at Ronnie Scott's, where he accompanied visiting musicians such as Joe Henderson, Lee Konitz, Charlie Mariano, Stan Getz, Sonny Rollins, and Bill Evans until the early 1970s. He was a member of bands led by Gordon Beck, Alan Skidmore, and Mike Pyne. In 1969, <mask> appeared on the John McLaughlin album Extrapolation and formed a quintet with Bailey, Jeff Clyne, Evan Parker, and Kenny Wheeler, releasing the album The Baptised Traveller. Following this album the group was joined by Paul Rutherford on trombone and became a sextet, releasing the 1970 album 4 Compositions for Sextet. That same year <mask> helped found Incus Records with Bailey and others and Musicians Cooperative. He received a three-month artist-in-residence job at the Sydney Conservatorium in Australia in 1970. Around this time he joined the London Jazz Composers Orchestra and collaborated with Howard Riley.In 1973 he became a tutor at the Jazz Summer School in Barry, South Wales, and in 1974 he formed the band Angular Apron. Through the 1980s he worked with <mask> and Didier Levallet and started the Celebration Orchestra during the latter half of the decade. <mask> toured with Anthony Braxton in 1989 began a working relationship with Cecil Taylor. In 1993, he joined a quartet with Tomasz Stańko, Bobo Stenson, and Anders Jormin. In 2000 he released the album Triangular Screen with the <mask> Project 1, a trio with Ivar Grydeland and Tonny Kluften. Discography As leader The Baptised Traveller (CBS, 1969) 4 Compositions for Sextet (CBS, 1970) Ichnos (RCA Victor, 1971) Jazz in Britain '68-'69 with John Surman, Alan Skidmore (Decca Eclipse, 1972) <mask> (Incus, 1975) The Alan Davie Music Workshop with Alan Davie (ADMW, 1975) February Papers (Incus, 1977) S.O.H. (EGO, 1979) Ach Was!?

<mask> is an English free-jazz drummer and one of the founding members of Incus Records. <mask> was born in England. He began playing the drums at the age of seventeen. He was taught by Haydon Cook, who had returned to the city after living in London for many years. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He was the leader of a quartet that performed in England. The trio known as Joseph Holbrooke was formed in 1963.In 1966 <mask> Scott's, where he played for visiting musicians such as Joe Henderson, Lee Konitz, Charlie Mariano, Stan Getz, and Bill Evans until the early 1970s. He was a member of the bands led by Gordon Beck. In 1969 <mask> appeared on the John McLaughlin album Extrapolation and formed a quintet with Bailey, Jeff Clyne, Evan Parker, and Kenny Wheeler. The group became a sextet after releasing the 1970 album 4 Compositions for Sextet. <mask> helped found Incus Records with Bailey and others. He was an artist-in-residence at the Conservatorium in Australia in 1970. He collaborated with Howard Riley when he was a member of the London Jazz Composers Orchestra.He formed the band Angular Apron in 1974 after becoming a tutor at the Jazz Summer School. He started the Celebration Orchestra in the last half of the decade after working with <mask> and Didier Levallet. In 1989 <mask> began working with Cecil Taylor. He joined a group with Tomasz Stako and Bobo Stenson. The album Triangular Screen with the <mask> Project 1 was released in 2000. 4 Compositions for Sextet were written by The Baptised Traveller. (EGO, 1979) What was it?

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subir%20Sachdev

Subir Sachdev

Subir Sachdev is Herchel Smith Professor of Physics at Harvard University specializing in condensed matter. He was elected to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 2014, and received the Lars Onsager Prize from the American Physical Society and the Dirac Medal from the ICTP in 2018. He was a co-editor of the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics from 2017-2019. Sachdev's research describes the connection between physical properties of modern quantum materials and the nature of quantum entanglement in the many-particle wavefunction. Sachdev has made extensive contributions to the description of the diverse varieties of entangled states of quantum matter. These include states with topological order, with and without an energy gap to excitations, and critical states without quasiparticle excitations. Many of these contributions have been linked to experiments, especially to the rich phase diagrams of the high temperature superconductors. Strange metals and black holes Extreme examples of complex quantum entanglement arise in metallic states of matter without quasiparticle excitations, often called strange metals. Remarkably, there is an intimate connection between the quantum physics of strange metals found in modern materials (which can be studied in tabletop experiments), and quantum entanglement near black holes of astrophysics. This connection is most clearly seen by first thinking more carefully about the defining characteristic of a strange metal: the absence of quasiparticles. In practice, given a state of quantum matter, it is difficult to completely rule out the existence of quasiparticles: while one can confirm that certain perturbations do not create single quasiparticle excitations, it is almost impossible to rule out a non-local operator which could create an exotic quasiparticle in which the underlying electrons are non-locally entangled. Sachdev argued instead that it is better to examine how rapidly the system loses quantum phase coherence, or reaches local thermal equilibrium in response to general external perturbations. If quasiparticles existed, dephasing would take a long time during which the excited quasiparticles collide with each other. In contrast, states without quasiparticles reach local thermal equilibrium in the fastest possible time, bounded below by a value of order (Planck constant)/((Boltzmann constant) x (absolute temperature)). Sachdev proposed a solvable model of a strange metal (a variant of which is now called the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model), which was shown to saturate such a bound on the time to reach quantum chaos. We can now make the connection to the quantum theory of black holes: quite generally, black holes also thermalize and reach quantum chaos in a time of order (Planck constant)/((Boltzmann constant) x (absolute temperature)), where the absolute temperature is the black hole's Hawking temperature. And this similarity to quantum matter without quasiparticles is not a co-incidence: for the SYK models, Sachdev had argued that the strange metal has a holographic dual description in terms of the quantum theory of black holes in a curved spacetime with 1 space dimension. This connection, and other related work by Sachdev and collaborators, have led to valuable insights on the properties of electronic quantum matter, and on the nature of Hawking radiation from black holes. Solvable models of strange metals obtained from the gravitational mapping have inspired analyses of more realistic models of strange metals in the high temperature superconductors and other compounds. Such predictions have been connected to experiments, including some that are in good quantitative agreement with observations on graphene. These topics are discussed in more detail in Research. Resonating valence bonds and Z2 quantum spin liquids P.W. Anderson proposed that Mott insulators realize antiferromagnets which could form resonating valence bond (RVB) or quantum spin liquid states with an energy gap to spin excitations without breaking time-reversal symmetry. It was conjectured that such RVB states have excitations with fractional quantum numbers, such as a fractional spin 1/2. The existence of such RVB ground states, and of the deconfinement of fractionalized excitations was first established by Read and Sachdev and Wen by the connection to a Z2 gauge theory. Sachdev was also the first to show that the RVB state is an odd Z2 gauge theory, as described in Research. An odd Z2 spin liquid has a background Z2 electric charge on each lattice site (equivalently, translations in the x and y directions anti-commute with each other in the super-selection sector of states associated with a Z2 gauge flux (also known as the m sector)). Sachdev showed that antiferromagnets with half-integer spin form odd Z2 spin liquids, and those with integer spin form even Z2 spin liquids. Using this theory, various universal properties of the RVB state were understood, including constraints on the symmetry transformations of the anyon excitations. Sachdev also obtained many results on the confinement transitions of the RVB state, including restrictions on proximate quantum phases and the nature of quantum phase transitions to them. Career Sachdev attended school at St. Joseph's Boys' High School, Bangalore and Kendriya Vidyalaya, ASC, Bangalore. He attended college at Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi for a year. He transferred to Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he received a B.S. in Physics. He received his Ph.D. in theoretical physics from Harvard University. He held professional positions at Bell Labs (1985–1987) and at Yale University (1987–2005), where he was a Professor of Physics, before returning to Harvard, where he is now the Herchel Smith Professor of Physics. He has also held visiting positions as the Cenovus Energy James Clerk Maxwell Chair in Theoretical Physics at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, and the Dr. Homi J. Bhabha Chair Professorship at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. He has also been on the Physical Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize from 2018. Honors Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2019. Honorary Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences, 2019. Foreign Fellow of the Indian National Science Academy, 2019. Dirac Medal (International Center for Theoretical Physics), 2018; shared with Dam Thanh Son and Xiao-Gang Wen for "independent contributions towards understanding novel phases in strongly interacting many-body systems, introducing original transdisciplinary techniques". The citation reads: Subir Sachdev has made pioneering contributions to many areas of theoretical condensed matter physics. Of particular importance were the development of the theory of quantum critical phenomena in insulators, superconductors and metals; the theory of spin-liquid states of quantum antiferromagnets and the theory of fractionalized phases of matter; the study of novel deconfinement phase transitions; the theory of quantum matter without quasiparticles; and the application of many of these ideas to a priori unrelated problems in black hole physics, including a concrete model of non-Fermi liquids. Lars Onsager Prize (American Physical Society), 2018, to recognize outstanding research in theoretical statistical physics including the quantum fluids. The citation reads: for his seminal contributions to the theory of quantum phase transitions, quantum magnetism, and fractionalized spin liquids, and for his leadership in the physics community. Dirac Medal for the Advancement of Theoretical Physics (University of New South Wales), 2015. The citation reads: The Dirac Medal was awarded to Professor Sachdev in recognition of his many seminal contributions to the theory of strongly interacting condensed matter systems: quantum phase transitions, including the idea of critical deconfinement and the breakdown of the conventional symmetry based Landau-Ginsburg-Wilson paradigm; the prediction of exotic 'spin-liquid' and fractionalized states; and applications to the theory of high-temperature superconductivity in the cuprate materials. Elected to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, 2014. The citation reads: Sachdev has made seminal advances in the theory of condensed matter systems near a quantum phase transition, which have elucidated the rich variety of static and dynamic behavior in such systems, both at finite temperatures and at T=0. His book, Quantum Phase Transitions, is the basic text of the field. Abdus Salam Distinguished Lecturer, International Center for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy, 2014. Hendrik Lorentz Chair, Lorentz Institute, 2012. Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics Distinguished Research Chair, 2009-14. John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellow, 2003. Fellow of the American Physical Society "for his contributions to the theory of quantum phase transitions and its application to correlated electron materials". Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellow, February 1989. LeRoy Apker Award Recipient, 1982. Research Quantum phases of antiferromagnets Sachdev has worked extensively on the quantum theory of antiferromagnetism, especially in two-dimensional lattices. Some of the spin liquid states of antiferromagnets can be described by examining the quantum phase transitions out of magnetically ordered states. Such an approach leads to a theory of emergent gauge fields and excitations in the spin liquid states. It is convenient to consider two classes of magnetic order separately: those with collinear and non-collinear spin order. For the case of collinear antiferromagnetism (as in the Néel state), the transition leads to a spin liquid with a U(1) gauge field, while non-collinear antiferromagnetism has a transition to a spin liquid with a Z2 gauge field. The U(1) spin liquid is unstable at the longest length scales to the condensation of monopoles, and the Berry phases of the condensing monopoles lead to valence bond solid (VBS) order. The Z2 spin liquid was shown to be stable, and this was the first realization of a stable quantum state with time-reversal symmetry, emergent gauge fields, topological order, and anyon excitations. The topological order and anyons were later identified with the e, m and ε particles of the toric code (see also the independent work of Xiao-Gang Wen). Sachdev was the first to identify that Z2 spin liquids come in two classes: `even' and `odd'. Half-integer-spin antiferromagnets can only realize odd Z2 spin liquids, which therefore provide a theory for Anderson's RVB state. Odd Z2 spin liquids have (what is now called) an anomaly which constrains the symmetry transformations of the anyon excitations, and modifies the anyon condensation transition. An important consequence is that half-integer-spin antiferromagnets (and odd Ising gauge theories) do not have a trivial confining phase, as is required by extensions of the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorems. These results apply also to quantum dimer models and closely related models of bosons on the square lattice. This work is now the starting point of research in symmetry enriched topological (SET) order. These results agree with numerous numerical studies of model quantum spin systems in two dimensions. Turning to experiments, VBS order was predicted by this mechanism in SrCu2(BO3)2, and has been observed by neutron scattering. A particular Z2 spin liquid state proposed for the kagome lattice antiferromagnet agrees well with a tensor network analysis, and has been proposed to describe neutron scattering and NMR experiments on herbertsmithite. A gapped spin liquid state has also been observed in the kagome lattice compound Cu3Zn(OH)6FBr, and is likely to be a Z2 spin liquid. Quantum criticality Sachdev proposed that the anomalous dynamic properties of the cuprate superconductors, and other correlated electron compounds, could be understood by proximity to a quantum critical fixed point. In the quantum critical regime of a non-trivial renormalization group fixed point (in higher than one spatial dimension) the dynamics is characterized by the absence of quasiparticles, and a local equilibration time of order ħ/(kBT). This time was proposed to be the shortest possible such time in all quantum systems. Transport measurements have since shown that this bound is close to saturation in many correlated metals. Sachdev has made numerous contributions to quantum field theories of quantum criticality in insulators, superconductors, and metals. Confinement transitions of gauge theories, and deconfined criticality Traditionally, classical and quantum phase transitions, have been described in terms of the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson paradigm. The broken symmetry in one of the phases identifies as order parameter; the action for the order parameter is expressed as a field theory which controls fluctuations at and across the critical point. Deconfined critical points describe a new class of phase transitions in which the field theory is not expressed in terms of the order parameter. Broken symmetry and order parameters, or topological order, are present in one or both of the adjacent phases. The critical field theory is expressed in terms of deconfined fractionalized degrees of freedom that cannot exist in isolation outside the sample. Ising gauge theories: Franz Wegner introduced Ising lattice gauge theories, and their transition between confining and deconfined phases, signaled by a change in the value of the Wilson loop of the gauge field from area law to perimeter law. Wegner also argued that confinement transition of this theory had no local order parameter, but was instead described by a dual Ising model in 3 dimensions. This conclusion turns out to need a crucial extension. One of the implications of Sachdev's work on emergent gauge fields in two-dimensional antiferromagnets was that the deconfined phase of the 2+1 dimensional Ising gauge theory had Z2 topological order. The presence of topological order in one of the phases implies that this is an Ising* transition, in which we only select states and operators which are invariant under global Ising inversion; see a recent numerical study for observable consequences of this restriction. The Ising field represents a fractionalized excitation of the deconfined phase, the "vison" (or the m particle) carrying a quantum of Z2 gauge flux, and visons can only be created in pairs. The confinement transition is driven by the condensation of deconfined visons, and so this is an example of a deconfined quantum critical point, although there is no gapless gauge field. Odd Ising gauge theories: The notion of deconfined criticality becomes more crucial in studying the confinement transitions of RVB states. These are described by deconfined phases of "odd" Ising gauge theories with Z2 topological order. (Wegner's Z2 gauge theory, which is "even", is not a satisfactory theory of the RVB state.) Now the critical theory has fractionalized excitations and a gapless gauge field. In the context of two-dimensional antiferromagnets with half-integer spin per unit cell, the effective description in terms of Ising gauge theories requires a background static electric charge on each site: this is the odd Ising gauge theory. We can write the Ising gauge theory as the strong coupling limit of a compact U(1) gauge theory in the presence of a charge 2 Higgs field. The presence of the background electric charges implies that the monopoles of the U(1) field carry Berry phases, and transform non-trivially under the space group of the lattice. As the monopoles condense in the confining phase, an immediate consequence is that the confining phase must break the space group by the development of valence bond solid (VBS) order. Furthermore, the Berry phases lead to suppression of monopoles at the critical point, so that, on the square lattice, the critical theory has a deconfined U(1) gauge field coupled to a critical charged scalar. Note that the critical theory is not expressed in terms of the VBS order as would be required by the LGW paradigm (which ignores the Z2 topological order in the deconfined phase). Instead, a dual version of the U(1) gauge theory is written in terms of a "square root" of the VBS order. Onset of non-collinear antiferromagnetism: Another example of deconfined criticality in two dimensional antiferromagnets appears in the condensation of particles with electric charges (the e particle, or the spinon) from the deconfined phase of the Z2 gauge theory. As the spinon also carries quantum numbers of global spin rotations, this leads to a "Higgs" phase of the Z2 gauge theory with antiferromagnetic order and broken spin rotation symmetry; here the antiferromagnetic order parameter has SO(3) symmetry, and so should the LGW critical theory; but the deconfined critical theory for the spinons has an exact SU(2) symmetry (which is further enlarged to O(4) after neglecting irrelevant terms). Néel-VBS transition: A more subtle class of deconfined critical points has confining phases on both sides, and the fractionalized excitations present only at the critical point. The best studied examples of this class are quantum antiferromagnets with SU(N) symmetry on the square lattice. These exhibit a phase transition from a state with collinear antiferromagnetic order to a valence bond solid, but the critical theory is expressed in terms of spinons coupled to an emergent U(1) gauge field. The study of this transition involved the first computation of the scaling dimension of a monopole operator in a conformal field theory in 2+1 dimensions; more precise computations to order 1/N are in good accord with numerical studies of the Néel-VBS transition. SYK model of non-Fermi liquids and black holes Sachdev, and his first graduate student Jinwu Ye, proposed an exactly solvable model of a non-Fermi liquid, a variant of which is now called the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model. Its fermion correlators have a power-law decay, which was found to extend to a conformally invariant form at non-zero temperatures. The SYK model was also found to have a non-zero entropy per site in the limit of vanishing temperature (this is not equivalent to an exponentially large ground state degeneracy: instead, it is due to an exponentially small many-body level spacing, which extends across the spectrum down to the lowest energies). Based on these observations, Sachdev first proposed that the model is holographically dual to quantum gravity on AdS2, and identified its low temperature entropy with the Bekenstein-Hawking black hole entropy. Unlike previous models of quantum gravity, it appears that the SYK model is solvable in a regime which accounts for the subtle non-thermal correlations in the Hawking radiation. One-dimensional quantum systems with an energy gap Sachdev and colloborators developed a formally exact theory for the non-zero temperature dynamics and transport of one-dimensional quantum systems with an energy gap. The diluteness of the quasiparticle excitations at low temperature allowed the use of semi-classical methods. The results were in good quantitative agreement with NMR and subsequent neutron scattering observations on S=1 spin chains, and with NMR on the Transverse Field Ising chain compound CoNb2O6 Quantum impurities The traditional Kondo effect involves a local quantum degree of freedom interacting with a Fermi liquid or Luttinger liquid in the bulk. Sachdev described cases where the bulk was a strongly-interacting critical state without quasiparticle excitations. The impurity was characterized by a Curie suspectibility of an irrational spin, and a boundary entropy of an irrational number of states. Ultracold atoms Sachdev predicted density wave order and 'magnetic' quantum criticality in tilted lattices of ultracold atoms. This was subsequently observed in experiments. The modeling of tilted lattices inspired a more general model of interacting bosons in which a coherent external source can create and annihilate bosons on each site. This model exhibits density waves of multiple periods, along with gapless incommensurate phases, and has been realized in experiments on trapped Rydberg atoms. Metals with fractionalization and emergent gauge fields Sachdev and collaborators proposed a new metallic state, the fractionalized Fermi liquid (FL*): this has electron-like quasiparticles around a Fermi surface, enclosing a volume distinct from that required by Luttinger's theorem. A general argument was given that any such state must have very low energy excitations on a torus, not related to the low energy quasiparticles: these excitations are generally related to the emergent gauge fields of an associated spin liquid state. In other words, a non-Luttinger Fermi surface volume necessarily requires topological order. The FL* phase must be separated from the conventional Fermi liquid (FL) by a quantum phase transition; this transition need not involve any broken symmetry, and examples were presented involving confinement/Higgs transitions of the gauge field. Such a quantum phase transition has been observed in CeCoIn5. Quantum critical transport Sachdev developed the theory of quantum transport at non-zero temperatures in the simplest model system without quasiparticle excitations: a conformal field theory in 2+1 dimensions, realized by the superfluid-insulator transitions of ultracold bosons in an optical lattice. A comprehensive picture emerged from quantum-Boltzmann equations, the operator product expansion, and holographic methods. The latter mapped the dynamics to that in the vicinity of the horizon of a black hole. These were the first proposed connections between condensed matter quantum critical systems, hydrodynamics, and quantum gravity. These works eventually led to the theory of hydrodynamic transport in graphene, and the successful experimental predictions described below. Quantum matter without quasiparticles Sachdev developed the theory of magneto-thermoelectric transport in 'strange' metals: these are states of quantum matter with variable density without quasiparticle excitations. Such metals are found, most famously, near optimal doping in the hole-doped cuprates, but also appear in numerous other correlated electron compounds. For strange metals in which momentum is approximately conserved, a set of hydrodynamic equations were proposed in 2007, describing two-component transport with momentum drag component and a quantum-critical conductivity. This formulation was connected to the holography of charged black holes, memory functions, and new field-theoretic approaches. These equations are valid when the electron-electron scattering time is much shorter than the electron-impurity scattering time, and they lead to specific predictions for the density, disorder, temperature, frequency, and magnetic field dependence of transport properties. Strange metal behavior obeying these hydrodynamic equations was predicted in graphene, in the 'quantum critical' regime of weak disorder and moderate temperatures near the Dirac density. The theory quantitatively describes measurements of thermal and electrical transport in graphene, and points to a regime of viscous, rather than Ohmic, electron flow. Extensions of this theory to Weyl metals pointed out the relevance of the axial-gravitational anomaly, and made predictions for thermal transport which were confirmed in observations (and highlighted in the New York Times). Phases of the high temperature superconductors High temperature superconductivity appears upon changing the electron density away from a two-dimensional antiferromagnet. Much attention has focused on the intermediate regime between the antiferromagnet and the optimal superconductor, where additional competing orders are found at low temperatures, and a "pseudogap" metal appears in the hole-doped cuprates. Sachdev's theories for the evolution of the competing order with magnetic field, density, and temperature have been successfully compared with experiments. Sachdev and collaborators proposed a sign-problem free Monte Carlo method for studying the onset of antiferromagnetic order in metals: this yields a phase diagram with high temperature superconductivity similar to that found in many materials, and has led to much subsequent work describing the origin of high temperature superconductivity in realistic models of various materials. Nematic order was predicted for the iron-based superconductors, and a new type of charge density wave, a d-form factor density wave, was predicted for the hole-doped cuprates; both have been observed in numerous experiments. The pseudogap metal of the hole-doped cuprates was argued to be a metal with topological order, as discussed above, based partly on its natural connection to the d-form factor density wave. Soon after, the remarkable experiments of Badoux et al. displayed evidence for a small Fermi surface state with topological order near optimal doping in YBCO, consistent with the overall theoretical picture presented in Sachdev's work. References External links List of Publications on the arXiv Google scholar citations profile YouTube channel of Subir Sachdev with video lectures Living people Harvard University faculty 20th-century Indian physicists MIT Department of Physics alumni Harvard University alumni IIT Delhi alumni Indian theoretical physicists Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences Foreign Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy American academics of Indian descent Scientists from Bangalore Kendriya Vidyalaya alumni Sloan Research Fellows Indian condensed matter physicists Fellows of the American Physical Society 1961 births

<mask> is Herchel Smith Professor of Physics at Harvard University specializing in condensed matter. He was elected to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences in 2014, and received the Lars Onsager Prize from the American Physical Society and the Dirac Medal from the ICTP in 2018. He was a co-editor of the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics from 2017-2019. <mask>'s research describes the connection between physical properties of modern quantum materials and the nature of quantum entanglement in the many-particle wavefunction. <mask> has made extensive contributions to the description of the diverse varieties of entangled states of quantum matter. These include states with topological order, with and without an energy gap to excitations, and critical states without quasiparticle excitations. Many of these contributions have been linked to experiments, especially to the rich phase diagrams of the high temperature superconductors.Strange metals and black holes Extreme examples of complex quantum entanglement arise in metallic states of matter without quasiparticle excitations, often called strange metals. Remarkably, there is an intimate connection between the quantum physics of strange metals found in modern materials (which can be studied in tabletop experiments), and quantum entanglement near black holes of astrophysics. This connection is most clearly seen by first thinking more carefully about the defining characteristic of a strange metal: the absence of quasiparticles. In practice, given a state of quantum matter, it is difficult to completely rule out the existence of quasiparticles: while one can confirm that certain perturbations do not create single quasiparticle excitations, it is almost impossible to rule out a non-local operator which could create an exotic quasiparticle in which the underlying electrons are non-locally entangled. Sachdev argued instead that it is better to examine how rapidly the system loses quantum phase coherence, or reaches local thermal equilibrium in response to general external perturbations. If quasiparticles existed, dephasing would take a long time during which the excited quasiparticles collide with each other. In contrast, states without quasiparticles reach local thermal equilibrium in the fastest possible time, bounded below by a value of order (Planck constant)/((Boltzmann constant) x (absolute temperature)).Sachdev proposed a solvable model of a strange metal (a variant of which is now called the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model), which was shown to saturate such a bound on the time to reach quantum chaos. We can now make the connection to the quantum theory of black holes: quite generally, black holes also thermalize and reach quantum chaos in a time of order (Planck constant)/((Boltzmann constant) x (absolute temperature)), where the absolute temperature is the black hole's Hawking temperature. And this similarity to quantum matter without quasiparticles is not a co-incidence: for the SYK models, Sachdev had argued that the strange metal has a holographic dual description in terms of the quantum theory of black holes in a curved spacetime with 1 space dimension. This connection, and other related work by Sachdev and collaborators, have led to valuable insights on the properties of electronic quantum matter, and on the nature of Hawking radiation from black holes. Solvable models of strange metals obtained from the gravitational mapping have inspired analyses of more realistic models of strange metals in the high temperature superconductors and other compounds. Such predictions have been connected to experiments, including some that are in good quantitative agreement with observations on graphene. These topics are discussed in more detail in Research.Resonating valence bonds and Z2 quantum spin liquids P.W. Anderson proposed that Mott insulators realize antiferromagnets which could form resonating valence bond (RVB) or quantum spin liquid states with an energy gap to spin excitations without breaking time-reversal symmetry. It was conjectured that such RVB states have excitations with fractional quantum numbers, such as a fractional spin 1/2. The existence of such RVB ground states, and of the deconfinement of fractionalized excitations was first established by Read and Sachdev and Wen by the connection to a Z2 gauge theory. Sachdev was also the first to show that the RVB state is an odd Z2 gauge theory, as described in Research. An odd Z2 spin liquid has a background Z2 electric charge on each lattice site (equivalently, translations in the x and y directions anti-commute with each other in the super-selection sector of states associated with a Z2 gauge flux (also known as the m sector)). Sachdev showed that antiferromagnets with half-integer spin form odd Z2 spin liquids, and those with integer spin form even Z2 spin liquids.Using this theory, various universal properties of the RVB state were understood, including constraints on the symmetry transformations of the anyon excitations. Sachdev also obtained many results on the confinement transitions of the RVB state, including restrictions on proximate quantum phases and the nature of quantum phase transitions to them. Career <mask> attended school at St. Joseph's Boys' High School, Bangalore and Kendriya Vidyalaya, ASC, Bangalore. He attended college at Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi for a year. He transferred to Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he received a B.S. in Physics. He received his Ph.D. in theoretical physics from Harvard University.He held professional positions at Bell Labs (1985–1987) and at Yale University (1987–2005), where he was a Professor of Physics, before returning to Harvard, where he is now the Herchel Smith Professor of Physics. He has also held visiting positions as the Cenovus Energy James Clerk Maxwell Chair in Theoretical Physics at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, and the Dr. Homi J. Bhabha Chair Professorship at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. He has also been on the Physical Sciences jury for the Infosys Prize from 2018. Honors Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2019. Honorary Fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences, 2019. Foreign Fellow of the Indian National Science Academy, 2019. Dirac Medal (International Center for Theoretical Physics), 2018; shared with Dam Thanh Son and Xiao-Gang Wen for "independent contributions towards understanding novel phases in strongly interacting many-body systems, introducing original transdisciplinary techniques".The citation reads: <mask> <mask> has made pioneering contributions to many areas of theoretical condensed matter physics. Of particular importance were the development of the theory of quantum critical phenomena in insulators, superconductors and metals; the theory of spin-liquid states of quantum antiferromagnets and the theory of fractionalized phases of matter; the study of novel deconfinement phase transitions; the theory of quantum matter without quasiparticles; and the application of many of these ideas to a priori unrelated problems in black hole physics, including a concrete model of non-Fermi liquids. Lars Onsager Prize (American Physical Society), 2018, to recognize outstanding research in theoretical statistical physics including the quantum fluids. The citation reads: for his seminal contributions to the theory of quantum phase transitions, quantum magnetism, and fractionalized spin liquids, and for his leadership in the physics community. Dirac Medal for the Advancement of Theoretical Physics (University of New South Wales), 2015. The citation reads: The Dirac Medal was awarded to Professor <mask> in recognition of his many seminal contributions to the theory of strongly interacting condensed matter systems: quantum phase transitions, including the idea of critical deconfinement and the breakdown of the conventional symmetry based Landau-Ginsburg-Wilson paradigm; the prediction of exotic 'spin-liquid' and fractionalized states; and applications to the theory of high-temperature superconductivity in the cuprate materials. Elected to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, 2014.The citation reads: <mask> has made seminal advances in the theory of condensed matter systems near a quantum phase transition, which have elucidated the rich variety of static and dynamic behavior in such systems, both at finite temperatures and at T=0. His book, Quantum Phase Transitions, is the basic text of the field. Abdus Salam Distinguished Lecturer, International Center for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy, 2014. Hendrik Lorentz Chair, Lorentz Institute, 2012. Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics Distinguished Research Chair, 2009-14. John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellow, 2003. Fellow of the American Physical Society "for his contributions to the theory of quantum phase transitions and its application to correlated electron materials".Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellow, February 1989. LeRoy Apker Award Recipient, 1982. Research Quantum phases of antiferromagnets Sachdev has worked extensively on the quantum theory of antiferromagnetism, especially in two-dimensional lattices. Some of the spin liquid states of antiferromagnets can be described by examining the quantum phase transitions out of magnetically ordered states. Such an approach leads to a theory of emergent gauge fields and excitations in the spin liquid states. It is convenient to consider two classes of magnetic order separately: those with collinear and non-collinear spin order. For the case of collinear antiferromagnetism (as in the Néel state), the transition leads to a spin liquid with a U(1) gauge field, while non-collinear antiferromagnetism has a transition to a spin liquid with a Z2 gauge field.The U(1) spin liquid is unstable at the longest length scales to the condensation of monopoles, and the Berry phases of the condensing monopoles lead to valence bond solid (VBS) order. The Z2 spin liquid was shown to be stable, and this was the first realization of a stable quantum state with time-reversal symmetry, emergent gauge fields, topological order, and anyon excitations. The topological order and anyons were later identified with the e, m and ε particles of the toric code (see also the independent work of Xiao-Gang Wen). <mask> was the first to identify that Z2 spin liquids come in two classes: `even' and `odd'. Half-integer-spin antiferromagnets can only realize odd Z2 spin liquids, which therefore provide a theory for Anderson's RVB state. Odd Z2 spin liquids have (what is now called) an anomaly which constrains the symmetry transformations of the anyon excitations, and modifies the anyon condensation transition. An important consequence is that half-integer-spin antiferromagnets (and odd Ising gauge theories) do not have a trivial confining phase, as is required by extensions of the Lieb-Schultz-Mattis theorems.These results apply also to quantum dimer models and closely related models of bosons on the square lattice. This work is now the starting point of research in symmetry enriched topological (SET) order. These results agree with numerous numerical studies of model quantum spin systems in two dimensions. Turning to experiments, VBS order was predicted by this mechanism in SrCu2(BO3)2, and has been observed by neutron scattering. A particular Z2 spin liquid state proposed for the kagome lattice antiferromagnet agrees well with a tensor network analysis, and has been proposed to describe neutron scattering and NMR experiments on herbertsmithite. A gapped spin liquid state has also been observed in the kagome lattice compound Cu3Zn(OH)6FBr, and is likely to be a Z2 spin liquid. Quantum criticality Sachdev proposed that the anomalous dynamic properties of the cuprate superconductors, and other correlated electron compounds, could be understood by proximity to a quantum critical fixed point.In the quantum critical regime of a non-trivial renormalization group fixed point (in higher than one spatial dimension) the dynamics is characterized by the absence of quasiparticles, and a local equilibration time of order ħ/(kBT). This time was proposed to be the shortest possible such time in all quantum systems. Transport measurements have since shown that this bound is close to saturation in many correlated metals. <mask> has made numerous contributions to quantum field theories of quantum criticality in insulators, superconductors, and metals. Confinement transitions of gauge theories, and deconfined criticality Traditionally, classical and quantum phase transitions, have been described in terms of the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson paradigm. The broken symmetry in one of the phases identifies as order parameter; the action for the order parameter is expressed as a field theory which controls fluctuations at and across the critical point. Deconfined critical points describe a new class of phase transitions in which the field theory is not expressed in terms of the order parameter.Broken symmetry and order parameters, or topological order, are present in one or both of the adjacent phases. The critical field theory is expressed in terms of deconfined fractionalized degrees of freedom that cannot exist in isolation outside the sample. Ising gauge theories: Franz Wegner introduced Ising lattice gauge theories, and their transition between confining and deconfined phases, signaled by a change in the value of the Wilson loop of the gauge field from area law to perimeter law. Wegner also argued that confinement transition of this theory had no local order parameter, but was instead described by a dual Ising model in 3 dimensions. This conclusion turns out to need a crucial extension. One of the implications of <mask>'s work on emergent gauge fields in two-dimensional antiferromagnets was that the deconfined phase of the 2+1 dimensional Ising gauge theory had Z2 topological order. The presence of topological order in one of the phases implies that this is an Ising* transition, in which we only select states and operators which are invariant under global Ising inversion; see a recent numerical study for observable consequences of this restriction.The Ising field represents a fractionalized excitation of the deconfined phase, the "vison" (or the m particle) carrying a quantum of Z2 gauge flux, and visons can only be created in pairs. The confinement transition is driven by the condensation of deconfined visons, and so this is an example of a deconfined quantum critical point, although there is no gapless gauge field. Odd Ising gauge theories: The notion of deconfined criticality becomes more crucial in studying the confinement transitions of RVB states. These are described by deconfined phases of "odd" Ising gauge theories with Z2 topological order. (Wegner's Z2 gauge theory, which is "even", is not a satisfactory theory of the RVB state.) Now the critical theory has fractionalized excitations and a gapless gauge field. In the context of two-dimensional antiferromagnets with half-integer spin per unit cell, the effective description in terms of Ising gauge theories requires a background static electric charge on each site: this is the odd Ising gauge theory.We can write the Ising gauge theory as the strong coupling limit of a compact U(1) gauge theory in the presence of a charge 2 Higgs field. The presence of the background electric charges implies that the monopoles of the U(1) field carry Berry phases, and transform non-trivially under the space group of the lattice. As the monopoles condense in the confining phase, an immediate consequence is that the confining phase must break the space group by the development of valence bond solid (VBS) order. Furthermore, the Berry phases lead to suppression of monopoles at the critical point, so that, on the square lattice, the critical theory has a deconfined U(1) gauge field coupled to a critical charged scalar. Note that the critical theory is not expressed in terms of the VBS order as would be required by the LGW paradigm (which ignores the Z2 topological order in the deconfined phase). Instead, a dual version of the U(1) gauge theory is written in terms of a "square root" of the VBS order. Onset of non-collinear antiferromagnetism: Another example of deconfined criticality in two dimensional antiferromagnets appears in the condensation of particles with electric charges (the e particle, or the spinon) from the deconfined phase of the Z2 gauge theory.As the spinon also carries quantum numbers of global spin rotations, this leads to a "Higgs" phase of the Z2 gauge theory with antiferromagnetic order and broken spin rotation symmetry; here the antiferromagnetic order parameter has SO(3) symmetry, and so should the LGW critical theory; but the deconfined critical theory for the spinons has an exact SU(2) symmetry (which is further enlarged to O(4) after neglecting irrelevant terms). Néel-VBS transition: A more subtle class of deconfined critical points has confining phases on both sides, and the fractionalized excitations present only at the critical point. The best studied examples of this class are quantum antiferromagnets with SU(N) symmetry on the square lattice. These exhibit a phase transition from a state with collinear antiferromagnetic order to a valence bond solid, but the critical theory is expressed in terms of spinons coupled to an emergent U(1) gauge field. The study of this transition involved the first computation of the scaling dimension of a monopole operator in a conformal field theory in 2+1 dimensions; more precise computations to order 1/N are in good accord with numerical studies of the Néel-VBS transition. SYK model of non-Fermi liquids and black holes Sachdev, and his first graduate student Jinwu Ye, proposed an exactly solvable model of a non-Fermi liquid, a variant of which is now called the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model. Its fermion correlators have a power-law decay, which was found to extend to a conformally invariant form at non-zero temperatures.The SYK model was also found to have a non-zero entropy per site in the limit of vanishing temperature (this is not equivalent to an exponentially large ground state degeneracy: instead, it is due to an exponentially small many-body level spacing, which extends across the spectrum down to the lowest energies). Based on these observations, Sachdev first proposed that the model is holographically dual to quantum gravity on AdS2, and identified its low temperature entropy with the Bekenstein-Hawking black hole entropy. Unlike previous models of quantum gravity, it appears that the SYK model is solvable in a regime which accounts for the subtle non-thermal correlations in the Hawking radiation. One-dimensional quantum systems with an energy gap Sachdev and colloborators developed a formally exact theory for the non-zero temperature dynamics and transport of one-dimensional quantum systems with an energy gap. The diluteness of the quasiparticle excitations at low temperature allowed the use of semi-classical methods. The results were in good quantitative agreement with NMR and subsequent neutron scattering observations on S=1 spin chains, and with NMR on the Transverse Field Ising chain compound CoNb2O6 Quantum impurities The traditional Kondo effect involves a local quantum degree of freedom interacting with a Fermi liquid or Luttinger liquid in the bulk. Sachdev described cases where the bulk was a strongly-interacting critical state without quasiparticle excitations.The impurity was characterized by a Curie suspectibility of an irrational spin, and a boundary entropy of an irrational number of states. Ultracold atoms Sachdev predicted density wave order and 'magnetic' quantum criticality in tilted lattices of ultracold atoms. This was subsequently observed in experiments. The modeling of tilted lattices inspired a more general model of interacting bosons in which a coherent external source can create and annihilate bosons on each site. This model exhibits density waves of multiple periods, along with gapless incommensurate phases, and has been realized in experiments on trapped Rydberg atoms. Metals with fractionalization and emergent gauge fields Sachdev and collaborators proposed a new metallic state, the fractionalized Fermi liquid (FL*): this has electron-like quasiparticles around a Fermi surface, enclosing a volume distinct from that required by Luttinger's theorem. A general argument was given that any such state must have very low energy excitations on a torus, not related to the low energy quasiparticles: these excitations are generally related to the emergent gauge fields of an associated spin liquid state.In other words, a non-Luttinger Fermi surface volume necessarily requires topological order. The FL* phase must be separated from the conventional Fermi liquid (FL) by a quantum phase transition; this transition need not involve any broken symmetry, and examples were presented involving confinement/Higgs transitions of the gauge field. Such a quantum phase transition has been observed in CeCoIn5. Quantum critical transport Sachdev developed the theory of quantum transport at non-zero temperatures in the simplest model system without quasiparticle excitations: a conformal field theory in 2+1 dimensions, realized by the superfluid-insulator transitions of ultracold bosons in an optical lattice. A comprehensive picture emerged from quantum-Boltzmann equations, the operator product expansion, and holographic methods. The latter mapped the dynamics to that in the vicinity of the horizon of a black hole. These were the first proposed connections between condensed matter quantum critical systems, hydrodynamics, and quantum gravity.These works eventually led to the theory of hydrodynamic transport in graphene, and the successful experimental predictions described below. Quantum matter without quasiparticles Sachdev developed the theory of magneto-thermoelectric transport in 'strange' metals: these are states of quantum matter with variable density without quasiparticle excitations. Such metals are found, most famously, near optimal doping in the hole-doped cuprates, but also appear in numerous other correlated electron compounds. For strange metals in which momentum is approximately conserved, a set of hydrodynamic equations were proposed in 2007, describing two-component transport with momentum drag component and a quantum-critical conductivity. This formulation was connected to the holography of charged black holes, memory functions, and new field-theoretic approaches. These equations are valid when the electron-electron scattering time is much shorter than the electron-impurity scattering time, and they lead to specific predictions for the density, disorder, temperature, frequency, and magnetic field dependence of transport properties. Strange metal behavior obeying these hydrodynamic equations was predicted in graphene, in the 'quantum critical' regime of weak disorder and moderate temperatures near the Dirac density.The theory quantitatively describes measurements of thermal and electrical transport in graphene, and points to a regime of viscous, rather than Ohmic, electron flow. Extensions of this theory to Weyl metals pointed out the relevance of the axial-gravitational anomaly, and made predictions for thermal transport which were confirmed in observations (and highlighted in the New York Times). Phases of the high temperature superconductors High temperature superconductivity appears upon changing the electron density away from a two-dimensional antiferromagnet. Much attention has focused on the intermediate regime between the antiferromagnet and the optimal superconductor, where additional competing orders are found at low temperatures, and a "pseudogap" metal appears in the hole-doped cuprates. <mask>'s theories for the evolution of the competing order with magnetic field, density, and temperature have been successfully compared with experiments. <mask> and collaborators proposed a sign-problem free Monte Carlo method for studying the onset of antiferromagnetic order in metals: this yields a phase diagram with high temperature superconductivity similar to that found in many materials, and has led to much subsequent work describing the origin of high temperature superconductivity in realistic models of various materials. Nematic order was predicted for the iron-based superconductors, and a new type of charge density wave, a d-form factor density wave, was predicted for the hole-doped cuprates; both have been observed in numerous experiments.The pseudogap metal of the hole-doped cuprates was argued to be a metal with topological order, as discussed above, based partly on its natural connection to the d-form factor density wave. Soon after, the remarkable experiments of Badoux et al. displayed evidence for a small Fermi surface state with topological order near optimal doping in YBCO, consistent with the overall theoretical picture presented in Sachdev's work. References External links List of Publications on the arXiv Google scholar citations profile YouTube channel of Subir Sachdev with video lectures Living people Harvard University faculty 20th-century Indian physicists MIT Department of Physics alumni Harvard University alumni IIT Delhi alumni Indian theoretical physicists Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences Foreign Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy American academics of Indian descent Scientists from Bangalore Kendriya Vidyalaya alumni Sloan Research Fellows Indian condensed matter physicists Fellows of the American Physical Society 1961 births

<mask> is a professor at Harvard University. He was elected to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and received two awards. The Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics was co-edited by him. There is a connection between the physical properties of modern quantum materials and the nature of quantum entanglement. There are many varieties of entangled states of quantum matter. Critical states without quasiparticles, with and without an energy gap to excitations, are included. The rich phase diagrams of the high temperature superconductors have been linked to many of these contributions.Strange metals and black holes are examples of quantum entanglement. There is an intimate connection between the quantum physics of strange metals found in modern materials and quantum entanglement near black holes of astrophysics. The absence of quasiparticles is a characteristic of a strange metal. It is almost impossible to rule out a non-local operator which could create an exotic quasiparticle, given a state of quantum matter. It is better to examine how quickly the system loses quantum phase coherence or reaches local thermal equilibrium in response to general external perturbations. Dephasing would take a long time if quasiparticles existed. The states without quasiparticles reach local thermal equilibrium in the fastest possible time.A model of a strange metal, which was shown to saturate a bound on the time to reach quantum chaos, is now called the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model. Black holes thermalize and reach quantum chaos in a time of order where the absolute temperature is the black hole. The strange metal has a dual description in terms of the quantum theory of black holes in a curved spacetime. This connection has led to valuable insights on the properties of electronic quantum matter, and on the nature of Hawking radiation from black holes. More realistic models of strange metals in the high temperature superconductors and other compounds have been inspired by the solvable models obtained from the gravitational mapping. Experiments that are in good quantitative agreement with observations on Graphene have been connected to such predictions. Research talks about these topics in more detail.Resonating bonds and Z2 quantum spin liquids. Anderson proposed that antiferromagnets with an energy gap could be used to form RVB or quantum spin liquid states without breaking time-reversal symmetry. It was thought that RVB states have fractional quantum numbers. The existence of RVB ground states and the deConfinement of fractionalized excitations was first established by Read and Sachdev and by the connection to a Z2 gauge theory. The RVB state is described in Research as an odd Z2 gauge theory. An odd Z2 spin liquid has a background Z2 electric charge on each lattice site, equivalent to translations in the x and y directions anti-commute with each other in the super-selection sector of states associated with a Z2 gauge flux. Antiferromagnets with half-integer spin form odd Z2 spin liquids, and those with integer spin form even Z2 spin liquids.The RVB state's universal properties were understood using this theory. There are restrictions on quantum phases and nature of quantum phase transitions in the RVB state. Career was a student at St. Joseph's Boys' High School, Bangalore. He attended college in Delhi for a year. He received a B.S. from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. There is a degree in physics. He received his PhD from Harvard University.He was a Professor of Physics at Yale University before returning to Harvard, where he is now the Herchel Smith Professor of Physics. He was the Dr. Homi J. Bhabha Chairship Professor at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research. He was on the jury for the Physical Sciences for the prize. They were elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. The Indian Academy of Sciences has an endowed position. The Indian National Science Academy has a foreign fellow. The Dirac medal was shared with Dam Thanh Son and Xiao-Gang Wen for their contributions towards understanding novel phases in strongly interacting many-body systems.<mask> has made contributions to many areas of theoretical condensed matter physics. The theory of quantum critical phenomena in insulators, superconductors and metals, the theory of spin-liquid states of quantum antiferromagnets and the theory of fractionalized phases of matter were all important. The American Physical Society has a prize for outstanding research in theoretical statistical physics. For his seminal contributions to the theory of quantum phase transitions, quantum magnetism, and fractionalized spin liquids, and for his leadership in the physics community, the citation reads. The University of New South Wales received the Dirac Medal for the advancement of theoretical physics. The Dirac medal was awarded to Professor <mask> in recognition of his many seminal contributions to the theory of strongly interacting Condensed matter systems: quantum phase transitions, including the idea of critical deConfinement and the breakdown of the conventional symmetry based Landau-Ginsburg-Wilson. A person has been elected to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences.The citation states that the theory of Condensed matter systems near a quantum phase transition has made seminal advances, which have elucidated the rich variety of static and dynamic behavior in such systems. The basic text of the field is his book. The International Center for Theoretical Physics has a distinguished lecturer. The Lorentz Institute has a chair. The Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics has a research chair. The John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation was founded in 2003 He was a fellow of the American Physical Society.The Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellow was in February 1989. The LeRoy Apker Award was given to a person in 1982. The quantum theory of antiferromagnetism, especially in two-dimensional lattices, has been worked on extensively by the research phases of antiferromagnets. The quantum phase transitions out of magnetically ordered states can be described by examining some of the spin liquid states of antiferromagnets. Such an approach leads to a theory of spin liquid states. There are two different classes of magnetic order: those with col linear and non-col linear spin order. In the case of col linear antiferromagnetism, the transition leads to a spin liquid with a U(1) gauge field, while non-col linear antiferromagnetism has a transition to a spin liquid with a Z2 gauge field.At the longest length scales, the U(1) spin liquid is unstable due to the condensation of monopoles and the Berry phases of the monopoles. The Z2 spin liquid was shown to be stable, and this was the first realization of a stable quantum state with time-reversal symmetry. The e, m and particles of the toric code were later identified as the topological order and anyons. Even and odd are the two classes of Z2 spin liquids. There is a theory for Anderson's RVB state because half-integer-spin antiferromagnets can only see odd Z2 spin liquids. The Z2 spin liquids have an abnormality which modifies the anyon condensation transition. There is an important consequence that half-integer-spin antiferromagnets do not have a trivial confining phase.The results apply to models of bosons on the square lattice. This work is the beginning of research into symmetry enriched SET order. There are many studies of model quantum spin systems in two dimensions. This mechanism predicted the order of the VBS in experiments. A particular Z2 spin liquid state proposed for the kagome lattice antiferromagnet agrees well with a tensor network analysis. A Z2 spin liquid has been seen in the kagome lattice compound Cu3Zn(OH)6FBr. The cuprate superconductors and other correlated electron compounds could be understood by proximity to a quantum critical fixed point.The dynamics are characterized by the absence of quasiparticles and a local equilibration time of order. The shortest possible time in all quantum systems was proposed. The bound is close to saturation in many correlated metals. Many contributions to quantum field theories of quantum criticality have been made by Sachdev. Classical and quantum phase transitions have been described. The field theory controlling fluctuations at and across the critical point is expressed by the broken symmetry in one of the phases. There is a new class of phase transitions in which the field theory is not expressed in terms of the order parameters.One or both of the adjacent phases have broken symmetry and order parameters. The critical field theory is expressed in terms of fractionalized degrees of freedom that can't be found outside the sample. The change in the Wilson loop of the gauge field from area law to perimeter law signaled the introduction of Ising lattice gauge theories. The confinement transition of this theory was described by a dual Ising model in 3 dimensions. The conclusion needs a crucial extension. The deConfined phase of the 2+1dimensional Ising gauge theory had Z2 topological order, which was one of the implications of the work on emergent gauge fields in two-dimensional antiferromagnets. This is an Ising* transition, in which we only select states and operators which are invariant under global Ising, if there is a presence of topological order in one of the phases.The vison can only be created in pairs with the help of the Ising field. This is an example of a deConfined quantum critical point because there is no gapless gauge field. The notion of deconfined criticality becomes more important in studying the confinement transitions of RVB states. These are described by the phases of odd Ising gauge theories. The Z2 gauge theory is not a satisfactory theory of the RVB state. The critical theory now has a gapless gauge field. The odd Ising gauge theory requires a background electric charge on each site in the context of two-dimensional antiferromagnets with half-integer spin per unit cell.In the presence of a charge 2 Higgs field, we can write the Ising gauge theory as the strongcoupling limit of a compact U(1) gauge theory. The presence of background electric charges implies that the monopoles of the U(1) field carry Berry phases, and transform non-trivially under the space group of the lattice. The space group must be broken as the monopoles condense in the confining phase. The critical theory has a deConfined U(1) gauge field and a critical charged scalar because of the suppression of monopoles at the critical point. The critical theory is not expressed in terms of the VBS order as would be required by the LGW paradigm. A dual version of the U(1) gauge theory is written in terms of a square root. The condensation of particles with electric charges from the deConfined phase of the Z is an example of deConfined criticality in two-dimensional antiferromagnets.As the spinon carries quantum numbers of global spin rotation, this leads to a "Higgs" phase of the Z2 gauge theory with antiferromagnetic order and broken spin rotation symmetry. A more subtle class of deConfined critical points has confining phases on both sides, and fractionalized excitations only at the critical point. The best examples of this class are quantum antiferromagnets with SU(N) symmetry. There is a phase transition from a state with collinear antiferromagnetic order to a valence bond solid, but the critical theory is expressed in terms of spinons. The study of this transition involved the first computation of the scaling dimensions of a monopole operator in a conformal field theory; more precise computations to order 1/N are in accord with numerical studies of the Néel-VBS transition. The model of non-Fermi liquids and black holes was proposed by Jinwo Ye and the model is now called the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model. The power-law decay of its fermion correlators was found to extend to a conformally invariant form at non-zero temperatures.The SYK model has a non-zero entropy per site in the limit of vanishing temperature, which is not equivalent to a large ground state degeneracy. According to the observations, the model is dual to quantum gravity on AdS2 and has a low temperature entropy. The SYK model appears to be solvable in a regime which accounts for the subtle non-thermal correlations in the Hawking radiation. The theory for non-zero temperature dynamics and transport of one-dimensional quantum systems with an energy gap was developed by the colloborators. The use of semi-classical methods was possible because of the diluteness of the quasiparticles. The results were in good agreement with the results from the Transverse Field Ising chain compound CoNb Kondo2O6 and with the results from the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. There were cases where the bulk was a critical state without quasiparticles.The impurity was characterized by a suspectibility of an irrational spin and an irrational number of states. Density wave order and'magnetic' quantum criticality were predicted by ultracold atoms. This was observed in some experiments. A general model of interacting bosons was inspired by the modeling of tilted lattices. Experiments on trapped rydberg atoms have shown that the model exhibits density waves of multiple periods, along with gapless incommensurate phases. The fractionalized Fermi liquid is a metallic state with quasi-particles around a Fermi surface. The general argument was that the low energy quasiparticles are not related to the low energy excitations on a torus.A non-Luttinger Fermi surface volume requires order. The FL phase must be separated from the conventional Fermi liquid by a quantum phase transition, and examples were presented involving confinement/Higgs transitions of the gauge field. A quantum phase transition has been observed. The theory of quantum transport at non-zero temperatures is realized by the transitions of ultracold bosons in an optical lattice. The operator product expansion, quantum-Boltzmann equations, and holographic methods yielded a comprehensive picture. The dynamics were mapped to the horizon of a black hole. The first proposed connections were between quantum gravity and quantum critical systems.These works led to the theory of transport in Graphene. There are states of quantum matter with variable density without quasiparticles. The metals are found in the hole-doped cuprates, but also in other correlated electron compounds. A set of equations were proposed in 2007, describing two-component transport with a drag component and a quantum-critical conductivity for strange metals. The new field-theoretic approaches were connected to this formulation. When the electron-electron scattering time is less than the electron-impurity scattering time, these equations are valid. In the 'quantum critical' regime of weak disorder and moderate temperatures near the Dirac density, strange metal behavior was predicted.The theory describes the measurement of thermal and electrical transport in Graphene, rather than Ohmic, electron flow. The predictions for thermal transport made by the extensions of this theory were highlighted in the New York Times. Changing the electron density away from a two-dimensional antiferromagnet causes high temperature superconductivity. The intermediate regime between the antiferromagnet and the optimal superconductor has been the focus of a lot of attention. Experiments have been used to compare the evolution of the competing order with magnetic field, density, and temperature. The Monte Carlo method for studying the start of antiferromagnetic order in metals yielded a phase diagram with high temperature superconductivity similar to that found in many materials, and led to much subsequent work describing the origin of high temperature super. Nematic order was predicted for the iron-based superconductors, and a new type of charge density wave, a d-form factor density wave, was predicted for the hole-doped cuprates.The pseudogap metal of the hole-doped cuprates was argued to be a metal with a natural connection to the d-form factor density wave. The remarkable experiments of Badoux et al. were soon after. Evidence for a small Fermi surface state with a topological order near optimal is consistent with the overall theoretical picture presented in the work. A list of Publications on the arXiv can be found here.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Pope

Paul Pope

Paul Pope (born September 25, 1970, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American alternative cartoonist. Pope's work combines the precision and romance of European comics artists with the energy and page design of the manga tradition. Pope's two protagonist types are the silent, lanky outsider male of One-Trick Ripoff, Escapo and Heavy Liquid; or the resourceful, aggressive, humorous young teenage girls of THB. He has self-published some of his work, most notably THB, through his own Horse Press, with other work for such publishers as DC Comics/Vertigo and First Second Books. Early life Born in Philadelphia, Pope grew up in Bowling Green, Ohio, with stops in Columbus, Ohio, San Francisco, and Toronto in between. He describes his influences as Daniel Torres, Bruno Premiani, Jack Kirby, Alex Toth, Tony Salmons, Hugo Pratt, Silvio Cadelo, Vittorio Giardino, and Hergé. Career Pope introduced THB in 1995, the same year he began work for Kodansha, Japan's manga publisher. Pope eventually developed the manga Supertrouble for Kodansha, which mined the "cutie-pie" girl adventure vein that THB exists in. His storytelling narratives continue to mature with well-paced, deftly-shaded combinations of science fiction, hardboiled crime stories and the Romeo and Juliet archetype. Pope's One-Trick Ripoff was published by Dark Horse Comics, and Heavy Liquid and 100% were published under DC Comics' Vertigo imprint. In 2006, Pope received an Eisner Award for Best Short Story for his work, "Teenage Sidekick", published in Solo #3. In 2007, Pope won two additional Eisners, Best Writer/Artist and Best Limited Series, for his Batman mini-series, Batman: Year 100. Discussing the story, which is set in 2039, one hundred years after the first appearance of the caped crusader, Pope said: "I wanted to present a new take on Batman, who is without a doubt a mythic figure in our pop-psyche. My Batman is not only totally science fiction, he's also a very physical superhero: he bleeds, he sweats, he eats. He's someone born into an overarching police state; someone with the body of David Beckham, the brain of Tesla, and the wealth of Howard Hughes... pretending to be Nosferatu." The story, colored by José Villarrubia, was originally presented in a four-part prestige format in 2006. DC Comics later published a trade paperback collecting Batman: Year 100 in early 2007. The trade also includes Pope's "Berlin Batman" story from The Batman Chronicles No. 11. "Berlin Batman" involves a version of Batman who lives in the German Weimar Republic on the eve of World War II. The Weimar Batman helps keep the papers of Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises from falling into Nazi hands. Both Batman stories in the collection reflect implicit libertarian themes that often appear in Pope's work. He also wrote Endgame for Toonami's website and came up with the character Orcelot Rex. Aside from comics, in the fall of 2006 Pope worked with Italian clothing company Diesel on a big store installation during their fall fashion week campaign, and a screenprint series based on their 'Chelsea Hotel' campaign as a 51st birthday present to Diesel's founder, Renzo Rosso. In the fall of 2008, Pope went a step further by partnering with DKNY to create the DKNY:2089 collection. Pope's first art book, titled Pulphope: The Art of Paul Pope, came out in June 2007. A collection of his most representative work, the 224-page hardcover was published by AdHouse Books. In 2009, Pope was featured in The Cartoonist, a documentary film on the life and work of cartoonist Jeff Smith. Pope spoke at the 2005 New York and 2006 Sydney Semi-Permanent creative conference. In 2010, Pope served as a Master Artist with the Atlantic Center for the Arts, a Florida-based artists' community providing artists an opportunity to work and collaborate with contemporary artists in the fields of composing, visual, literary, and performing arts. Pope lives and works in New York City. Awards 2000 Friends of Lulu Lulu of the Year nomination 2006 Eisner Award for Best Short Story: "Teenaged Sidekick" in Solo #3 (DC Comics) 2007 Eisner Award for Best Limited Series: Batman: Year 100 2007 Eisner Award for Best Writer/Artist: Batman: Year 100 2010 Reuben Award (National Cartoonists Society) for Best Comic Book for Strange Adventures 2014 Eisner Award for Best Publication for Teens: Battling Boy Bibliography Horse Press Sin Titulo (w/a, graphic novel, 76 pages, 1993, ) The Corruptor] (w/a, 1993) The Ballad of Doctor Richardson (w/a, 1994) THB (w/a): Volume 1 #1-5 (1994–1995) Giant THB Parade (1996) P-City Parade (1997) Giant THB Circus (1998) Mars' Mightiest Mek (one-shot, 2000) Mek-Power #6a-6d (2000–2002) Volume 2 #1 (2003) PulpHope 96/7 (w/a, 1996) Buzz Buzz Comics Magazine (w/a, with various writers and artists, 1996) Escapo (w/a, graphic novel, 112 pages, 1999, ) DC Comics/Vertigo The Big Book of... (a, Paradox Press): "Harry Reichenbach: Hollywood's King of Ballyhoo!!" (with Carl Sifakis, in The Big Book of Hoaxes, 1996) "Glam Rock" (with Jonathan Vankin, in The Big Book of the '70s, 2000) Vertigo: Winter's Edge #1: "Tell Me" (a, with Paul Jenkins, 1998) Batman: The Batman Chronicles #11: "The Berlin Batman" (w/a, 1998) Batman: Gotham Knights #3: "Broken Nose" (w/a, 2000) collected in Black & White Volume 2 (tpb, 176 pages, 2003, ) Batman: Turning Points #5: "Old as the Stars" (a, with Greg Rucka, 2000) collected in Turning Points (tpb, 128 pages, 2007, ) Batman: Year 100 #1-4 (w/a, 2006) collected as Year 100 (tpb, 232 pages, 2007, ) Heavy Liquid #1-5 (w/a, 1999–2000) collected as Heavy Liquid (tpb, 240 pages, 2001, ; hc, 256 pages, 2008, ) 100% #1-5 (w/a, 2002–2003) collected as 100% (tpb, 240 pages, 2005, ; hc, 2009, ) Weird War Tales Special: "Mind Field" (a, with Bruce Jones, 2000) Young Heroes: Fall Fashion 2000 (a, with Heather Elizaldi, a 4-page advertisement ran through all DC books dated October, 2000) The Dreaming #55: "The Further Adventures of Danny Nod, Heroic Library Assistant" (a, with Bill Willingham, among other artists, 2000) Weird Western Tales #1: "Tall Tale" (w/a, 2000) Bizarro Comics: "Help! Superman!" (a, with Jeff Smith, anthology graphic novel, hc, 224 pages, 2001, ) Cartoon Cartoons #15: "And Now, a Word from Our Sponsor!" (a, with Will Pfeifer, 2003) Solo #3 (w/a, 2005) Wednesday Comics #1-12: "Adam Strange" (w/a, 2009) collected in Wednesday Comics (hc, 200 pages, 2009, ) Ghosts: "Treasure Lost" (w/a, with David Lapham, 2012) Other US publishers Negative Burn (Caliber): "Eulogy to Marx" (w/a, in #12, 1994) "The Triumph of Hunger" (w/a, in #13, 1994) "Rotten Hubert" (w/a, in #18, 1994) "Portrait of a Girl With an Unpronounceable Name" (w/a, in #20, 1995) "The Visible Man" (w/a, in #21, 1995) "Armadillo/The Island" (a, with Francis Richardson, in #23, 1995) "Gangster Strip Dragway" (w/a, in #24, 1995) "Strip for 6.30.93" (w/a, in #25, 1995) Dark Horse Presents (w/a, Dark Horse): "Pistachio!!" (in v1 #100-0, 1995) "Yes" (in v1 #100-2, 1995) "Pan-Fried Girl" (with Jeff Smith, in v1 #100-5, 1995) "The One Trick Rip-Off" (in v1 #101-112, 1995–1996) collected as The One Trick Rip-Off (tpb, 104 pages, 1997, ) "Four Cats" (in Annual '97, 1998) "1969" (in v2 #9, 2012) Roarin' Rick's Rare Bit Fiends #9: "Untitled" (w/a, King Hell, 1995) Dirty Stories #1: "Ukieo-E-Pope" (w/a, Fantagraphics Books, 1997) Oni Double Feature #2-3: "Car Crash" (w/a, Oni Press, 1998) The Spirit: The New Adventures #7: "The Ghost of Tiger Traps" (a, with Jay Stephens, Kitchen Sink, 1998) collected in Will Eisner's The Spirit Archives Volume 27 (hc, 200 pages, Dark Horse, 2009, ) Bone #36: "Woah! Just 36 Seconds to Diffuse This TNT!!" (w/a, Cartoon Books, 1999) Non #5: "Airplanes" (w/a, Red Ink, 2001) Michael Neno's Reactionary Tales #1 :"The Ballad of Michael Neno" (w/a, Neno Productions, 2001) Marvel: Spider-Man's Tangled Web #15: "The Collaborator" (w/a, 2002) collected in Volume 3 (tpb, 160 pages, 2002, ) Captain America: Red, White & Blue: "Faces" (w/a, graphic novel, hc, 192 pages, 2002, ) X-Statix #5: "The Mysterious Fan Boy" (a, with Peter Milligan, 2003) collected in Good Omens (tpb, 128 pages, 2003, ) Fantastic Four #543: "A Day at the Races!" (w/a, 2007) collected in Civil War (tpb, 176 pages, 2007, ) Strange Tales #1: "Untitled" (w/a, 2009) collected in Strange Tales (hc, 192 pages, 2010, ; tpb, 2010, ) Rosetta: A Comics Anthology Volume 2 (w/a, anthology graphic novel, 268 pages, Alternative Comics, 2004, ) AdHouse Books: Project: Superior: "The Rest of Xondex-Xomax" (w/a, anthology graphic novel, 288 pages, 2005, ) PulpHope: The Art of Paul Pope (w/a, graphic novel, 224 pages, 2007, ) THB: Comics from Mars #1-2 (w/a, 2007–2010) The Lone Ranger #11: "Downbeat" (a, with Brett Matthews and Sergio Cariello, Dynamite, 2008) CBLDF Presents: Liberty Comics #2: "Place 4 Loverman!!" (w/a, Image, 2009) Strange Science Fantasy #1-6 (w/a, co-feature, IDW Publishing, 2010) collected in Strange Science Fantasy (tpb, 196 pages 2011, ) Adventure Time #5: "Emit Erutnevda!!" (w/a, co-feature, Boom! Studios, 2012) Battling Boy (First Second Books) The Death of Haggard West (2013) — 32-page pamphlet-format preview of Battling Boy vol. 1 vol. 1: Battling Boy (2013) vol. 2: The Rise of Aurora West (2014) — prequel to Battling Boy written with J. T. Petty; art by David Rubín vol. 3: The Fall of the House of West (2015) — written with J. T. Petty; art by David Rubín Cover work The Comics Journal #191 (Fantagraphics Books, 1996) Catwoman #5-9 (DC Comics, 2002) The Escapists #5 (Dark Horse, 2006) Cory Doctorow's Futuristic Tales of the Here and Now #3 (IDW Publishing, 2007) Silver Surfer: In Thy Name #3 (Marvel, 2007) Popgun Volume 2 gn (Image, 2008) The Haunted Tank #2 (Vertigo, 2009) The Sandman: The Dream Hunters #3 (Vertigo, 2009) Jersey Gods #3 (Image, 2009) The Unknown #1 (Boom! Studios, 2009) Hexed HC (Boom! Studios, 2009) Electric Ant #1-5 (Marvel, 2010) Jurassic Park #3 (IDW Publishing, 2010) American Vampire #5 (Vertigo, 2010) Dark Horse Presents #1 (Dark Horse, 2011) Strange Adventures #1 (Vertigo, 2011) Diamond Comics #6 (Floating World Comics, 2011) Before Watchmen: Dr. Manhattan #1 (DC Comics, 2012) Adventure Time #11 (Boom! Studios, 2012) References Notes Sources Mescallado, Ray. Two-part interview with Pope in The Comics Journal #191 (Nov. 1996) and 192 (Dec. 1996) Young, Robert. Paul Pope interview, The Comics Interpreter #1 Vol. 2 (2008) Mautner, Chris. "'I'm Shocked to Be Meeting Young People Who Are Reading This': An Interview with Paul Pope," The Comics Journal (JAN 15, 2014) External links Paul Pope's Blog Heavy Liquid review and artwork Batman-On-Film.com – BOF's review of "BATMAN: YEAR 100" Interviews The Podium (1999) Pulp: The Manga Magazine's Carl Gustav Horn (August 2001) Keith Giles (2002) Comic Geek Speak podcast (December 2005) Lost At E Minor (2006) Wired (February 2006) Ain't It Cool News (2010) 1970 births Alternative cartoonists American cartoonists American graphic novelists American libertarians Artists from Philadelphia Eisner Award winners for Best Writer/Artist Living people People from Bowling Green, Ohio

<mask> (born September 25, 1970, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American alternative cartoonist. <mask>'s work combines the precision and romance of European comics artists with the energy and page design of the manga tradition. <mask>'s two protagonist types are the silent, lanky outsider male of One-Trick Ripoff, Escapo and Heavy Liquid; or the resourceful, aggressive, humorous young teenage girls of THB. He has self-published some of his work, most notably THB, through his own Horse Press, with other work for such publishers as DC Comics/Vertigo and First Second Books. Early life Born in Philadelphia, <mask> grew up in Bowling Green, Ohio, with stops in Columbus, Ohio, San Francisco, and Toronto in between. He describes his influences as Daniel Torres, Bruno Premiani, Jack Kirby, Alex Toth, Tony Salmons, Hugo Pratt, Silvio Cadelo, Vittorio Giardino, and Hergé. Career <mask> introduced THB in 1995, the same year he began work for Kodansha, Japan's manga publisher.<mask> eventually developed the manga Supertrouble for Kodansha, which mined the "cutie-pie" girl adventure vein that THB exists in. His storytelling narratives continue to mature with well-paced, deftly-shaded combinations of science fiction, hardboiled crime stories and the Romeo and Juliet archetype. <mask>'s One-Trick Ripoff was published by Dark Horse Comics, and Heavy Liquid and 100% were published under DC Comics' Vertigo imprint. In 2006, <mask> received an Eisner Award for Best Short Story for his work, "Teenage Sidekick", published in Solo #3. In 2007, <mask> won two additional Eisners, Best Writer/Artist and Best Limited Series, for his Batman mini-series, Batman: Year 100. Discussing the story, which is set in 2039, one hundred years after the first appearance of the caped crusader, <mask> said: "I wanted to present a new take on Batman, who is without a doubt a mythic figure in our pop-psyche. My Batman is not only totally science fiction, he's also a very physical superhero: he bleeds, he sweats, he eats.He's someone born into an overarching police state; someone with the body of David Beckham, the brain of Tesla, and the wealth of Howard Hughes... pretending to be Nosferatu." The story, colored by José Villarrubia, was originally presented in a four-part prestige format in 2006. DC Comics later published a trade paperback collecting Batman: Year 100 in early 2007. The trade also includes <mask>'s "Berlin Batman" story from The Batman Chronicles No. 11. "Berlin Batman" involves a version of Batman who lives in the German Weimar Republic on the eve of World War II. The Weimar Batman helps keep the papers of Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises from falling into Nazi hands.Both Batman stories in the collection reflect implicit libertarian themes that often appear in <mask>'s work. He also wrote Endgame for Toonami's website and came up with the character Orcelot Rex. Aside from comics, in the fall of 2006 <mask> worked with Italian clothing company Diesel on a big store installation during their fall fashion week campaign, and a screenprint series based on their 'Chelsea Hotel' campaign as a 51st birthday present to Diesel's founder, Renzo Rosso. In the fall of 2008, <mask> went a step further by partnering with DKNY to create the DKNY:2089 collection. <mask>'s first art book, titled Pulphope: The Art of <mask>, came out in June 2007. A collection of his most representative work, the 224-page hardcover was published by AdHouse Books. In 2009, <mask> was featured in The Cartoonist, a documentary film on the life and work of cartoonist Jeff Smith.<mask> spoke at the 2005 New York and 2006 Sydney Semi-Permanent creative conference. In 2010, <mask> served as a Master Artist with the Atlantic Center for the Arts, a Florida-based artists' community providing artists an opportunity to work and collaborate with contemporary artists in the fields of composing, visual, literary, and performing arts. <mask> lives and works in New York City. Awards 2000 Friends of Lulu Lulu of the Year nomination 2006 Eisner Award for Best Short Story: "Teenaged Sidekick" in Solo #3 (DC Comics) 2007 Eisner Award for Best Limited Series: Batman: Year 100 2007 Eisner Award for Best Writer/Artist: Batman: Year 100 2010 Reuben Award (National Cartoonists Society) for Best Comic Book for Strange Adventures 2014 Eisner Award for Best Publication for Teens: Battling Boy Bibliography Horse Press Sin Titulo (w/a, graphic novel, 76 pages, 1993, ) The Corruptor] (w/a, 1993) The Ballad of Doctor Richardson (w/a, 1994) THB (w/a): Volume 1 #1-5 (1994–1995) Giant THB Parade (1996) P-City Parade (1997) Giant THB Circus (1998) Mars' Mightiest Mek (one-shot, 2000) Mek-Power #6a-6d (2000–2002) Volume 2 #1 (2003) PulpHope 96/7 (w/a, 1996) Buzz Buzz Comics Magazine (w/a, with various writers and artists, 1996) Escapo (w/a, graphic novel, 112 pages, 1999, ) DC Comics/Vertigo The Big Book of... (a, Paradox Press): "Harry Reichenbach: Hollywood's King of Ballyhoo!!" Superman!" (a, with Jeff Smith, anthology graphic novel, hc, 224 pages, 2001, ) Cartoon Cartoons #15: "And Now, a Word from Our Sponsor!" (a, with Will Pfeifer, 2003) Solo #3 (w/a, 2005) Wednesday Comics #1-12: "Adam Strange" (w/a, 2009) collected in Wednesday Comics (hc, 200 pages, 2009, ) Ghosts: "Treasure Lost" (w/a, with David Lapham, 2012) Other US publishers Negative Burn (Caliber): "Eulogy to Marx" (w/a, in #12, 1994) "The Triumph of Hunger" (w/a, in #13, 1994) "Rotten Hubert" (w/a, in #18, 1994) "Portrait of a Girl With an Unpronounceable Name" (w/a, in #20, 1995) "The Visible Man" (w/a, in #21, 1995) "Armadillo/The Island" (a, with Francis Richardson, in #23, 1995) "Gangster Strip Dragway" (w/a, in #24, 1995) "Strip for 6.30.93" (w/a, in #25, 1995) Dark Horse Presents (w/a, Dark Horse): "Pistachio!!"(in v1 #100-0, 1995) "Yes" (in v1 #100-2, 1995) "Pan-Fried Girl" (with Jeff Smith, in v1 #100-5, 1995) "The One Trick Rip-Off" (in v1 #101-112, 1995–1996) collected as The One Trick Rip-Off (tpb, 104 pages, 1997, ) "Four Cats" (in Annual '97, 1998) "1969" (in v2 #9, 2012) Roarin' Rick's Rare Bit Fiends #9: "Untitled" (w/a, King Hell, 1995) Dirty Stories #1: "Ukieo-E-Pope" (w/a, Fantagraphics Books, 1997) Oni Double Feature #2-3: "Car Crash" (w/a, Oni Press, 1998) The Spirit: The New Adventures #7: "The Ghost of Tiger Traps" (a, with Jay Stephens, Kitchen Sink, 1998) collected in Will Eisner's The Spirit Archives Volume 27 (hc, 200 pages, Dark Horse, 2009, ) Bone #36: "Woah! Just 36 Seconds to Diffuse This TNT!!" (w/a, Cartoon Books, 1999) Non #5: "Airplanes" (w/a, Red Ink, 2001) Michael Neno's Reactionary Tales #1 :"The Ballad of Michael Neno" (w/a, Neno Productions, 2001) Marvel: Spider-Man's Tangled Web #15: "The Collaborator" (w/a, 2002) collected in Volume 3 (tpb, 160 pages, 2002, ) Captain America: Red, White & Blue: "Faces" (w/a, graphic novel, hc, 192 pages, 2002, ) X-Statix #5: "The Mysterious Fan Boy" (a, with Peter Milligan, 2003) collected in Good Omens (tpb, 128 pages, 2003, ) Fantastic Four #543: "A Day at the Races!" (w/a, 2007) collected in Civil War (tpb, 176 pages, 2007, ) Strange Tales #1: "Untitled" (w/a, 2009) collected in Strange Tales (hc, 192 pages, 2010, ; tpb, 2010, ) Rosetta: A Comics Anthology Volume 2 (w/a, anthology graphic novel, 268 pages, Alternative Comics, 2004, ) AdHouse Books: Project: Superior: "The Rest of Xondex-Xomax" (w/a, anthology graphic novel, 288 pages, 2005, ) PulpHope: The Art of Paul Pope (w/a, graphic novel, 224 pages, 2007, ) THB: Comics from Mars #1-2 (w/a, 2007–2010) The Lone Ranger #11: "Downbeat" (a, with Brett Matthews and Sergio Cariello, Dynamite, 2008) CBLDF Presents: Liberty Comics #2: "Place 4 Loverman!!" (w/a, Image, 2009) Strange Science Fantasy #1-6 (w/a, co-feature, IDW Publishing, 2010) collected in Strange Science Fantasy (tpb, 196 pages 2011, ) Adventure Time #5: "Emit Erutnevda!!" (w/a, co-feature, Boom! Studios, 2012) Battling Boy (First Second Books) The Death of Haggard West (2013) — 32-page pamphlet-format preview of Battling Boy vol.1 vol. 1: Battling Boy (2013) vol. 2: The Rise of Aurora West (2014) — prequel to Battling Boy written with J. T. Petty; art by David Rubín vol. 3: The Fall of the House of West (2015) — written with J. T. Petty; art by David Rubín Cover work The Comics Journal #191 (Fantagraphics Books, 1996) Catwoman #5-9 (DC Comics, 2002) The Escapists #5 (Dark Horse, 2006) Cory Doctorow's Futuristic Tales of the Here and Now #3 (IDW Publishing, 2007) Silver Surfer: In Thy Name #3 (Marvel, 2007) Popgun Volume 2 gn (Image, 2008) The Haunted Tank #2 (Vertigo, 2009) The Sandman: The Dream Hunters #3 (Vertigo, 2009) Jersey Gods #3 (Image, 2009) The Unknown #1 (Boom! Studios, 2009) Hexed HC (Boom! Studios, 2009) Electric Ant #1-5 (Marvel, 2010) Jurassic Park #3 (IDW Publishing, 2010) American Vampire #5 (Vertigo, 2010) Dark Horse Presents #1 (Dark Horse, 2011) Strange Adventures #1 (Vertigo, 2011) Diamond Comics #6 (Floating World Comics, 2011) Before Watchmen: Dr. Manhattan #1 (DC Comics, 2012) Adventure Time #11 (Boom! Studios, 2012) References Notes Sources Mescallado, Ray.Two-part interview with <mask> in The Comics Journal #191 (Nov. 1996) and 192 (Dec. 1996) Young, Robert. <mask> interview, The Comics Interpreter #1 Vol. 2 (2008) Mautner, Chris. "'I'm Shocked to Be Meeting Young People Who Are Reading This': An Interview with <mask>," The Comics Journal (JAN 15, 2014) External links <mask>'s Blog Heavy Liquid review and artwork Batman-On-Film.com – BOF's review of "BATMAN: YEAR 100" Interviews The Podium (1999) Pulp: The Manga Magazine's Carl Gustav Horn (August 2001) Keith Giles (2002) Comic Geek Speak podcast (December 2005) Lost At E Minor (2006) Wired (February 2006) Ain't It Cool News (2010) 1970 births Alternative cartoonists American cartoonists American graphic novelists American libertarians Artists from Philadelphia Eisner Award winners for Best Writer/Artist Living people People from Bowling Green, Ohio

<mask> was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. <mask>'s work combines the precision and romance of European comics artists with the energy and page design of the Manga tradition. <mask>'s two main characters are the silent, brawny outsider male of One-Trick Ripoff, or the feisty, funny young teenage girls of THB. He self-publishes his work through his own Horse Press, as well as with other publishers such as DC Comics/Vertigo and First Second Books. <mask> grew up in Bowling Green, Ohio, with stops in Columbus, Ohio, San Francisco, and Toronto. He says his influences are Daniel Torres, Bruno Premiani, Jack Kirby, Alex Toth, Tony Salmons, Hugo Pratt, and Vittorio Giardino. In 1995 Career <mask> started work for Kodansha, Japan's Manga publisher.The "cutie-pie" girl adventure vein that THB exists in was mined by <mask> in his Manga Supertrouble. His narratives continue to mature with well-paced, deftly-shaded combinations of science fiction and hardboiled crime stories. <mask>'s One-Trick Ripoff was published by Dark Horse and Heavy Liquid and 100% were published by DC Comics. <mask> received an Eisner Award for Best Short Story in 2006 for his work. <mask> won two more Eisners in 2007, for Batman: Year 100. <mask> said that he wanted to present a new take on Batman, who is without a doubt a mythic figure in our pop-psychology. My Batman is a very physical superhero, he bleeds, sweats, and eats.He was born into an overarching police state, with the brain of David Beckham, and the wealth of Howard Hughes. The four-part prestige format was first presented in 2006 and colored by José Villarrubia. Batman: Year 100 was published by DC Comics. <mask>'s "Berlin Batman" story is included in the trade. 11. On the eve of World War II, a version of Batman lived in the German Weimar Republic. The papers of Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises were kept out of the hands of the Nazis.The Batman stories in the collection reflect libertarian themes that can be found in <mask>'s work. He came up with the character Orcelot Rex. <mask> worked with Diesel on a big store installation in the fall of 2006 and a screenprint series based on their 'Chelsea Hotel' campaign as a 51st birthday present to the company's founder, Renzo Rosso. <mask> and DKNY collaborated in the fall of 2008 to create the DKNY:2089 collection. In June 2007, <mask>'s first art book, "Pulphope: The Art of <mask>," came out. The 224-page hardcover was published by AdHouse Books. <mask> was featured in a documentary about the life and work of Jeff Smith.<mask> spoke at the 2005 New York and 2006 Sydney Semi-Permanent creative conference. <mask> served as a Master Artist with the Atlantic Center for the Arts, a Florida-based artists' community providing artists an opportunity to work and collaborate with contemporary artists in the fields of compose, visual, literary, and performing arts. <mask> lives and works in New York. The 2006 Eisner Award for Best Short Story: "Teenaged Sidekick" in Solo #3 was nominated for the 2000 Friends of Lulu Lulu Award. "Superman!" "And Now, a Word from Our Sponsor!" is a cartoon by Jeff Smith. Wednesday Comics #1-12: "Adam Strange" (w/a, 2009) was collected in Wednesday Comics."Yes" and "Pan-Fried Girl" were collected as The One. 36 Seconds is all it takes to diffuse this TNT. Michael Neno's Reactionary Tales #1 is "The Ballad of Michael Neno". Strange Tales #1 "Untitled" was collected in Strange Tales (hc, 192 pages, 2010). The co-feature of Strange Science Fantasy was "Emit Erutnevda!!". Co-feature, boom! The Death of Haggard West is a pamphlet-format preview of Battling Boy vol.A single volume. The first volume of Battling Boy. The Rise of Aurora West is a sequel to Battling Boy. The Fall of the House of West was written by J. T. Petty and illustrated by David Rubn. Studios, 2009. Dark Horse Presents #1 (Dark Horse, 2011) Strange Adventures #1 (Vertigo, 2011) Diamond Comics #6 (Floating World Comics, 2011) Before Watchmen References include Ray Mescallado.<mask> was interviewed in two parts in The Comics Journal. <mask> was interviewed by The Comics Interpreter. Chris Mautner. "'I'm Shocked to Be Meeting Young People Who Are Reading This': An Interview with <mask>' is an article by The Comics Journal."

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rakesh%20Jhaveri

Rakesh Jhaveri

Rakesh Jhaveri, also known as Pujya Gurudevshri Rakeshbhai and Pujya Gurudevshri Rakeshji, (born 26 September 1966) is a spiritual leader, mystic, scholar of Jainism, author and orator from India. Spiritually inclined from a young age, he is a follower of Shrimad Rajchandra, a Jain spiritual teacher. He completed doctoral studies on Shrimad's work Atmasiddhi. He founded Shrimad Rajchandra Mission, Dharampur which supports spiritual and social activities. Early life Rakesh Jhaveri was born in Mumbai, India on 26 September 1966 to Dilip and Rekha Jhaveri, who followed the Shwetambara Murtipujaka tradition of Jainism. In 1968, Sahaj Anandji, a monk from Rajasthan who had established Shrimad Rajchandra Ashram at Hampi, was at Palitana. Rakesh's parents were influenced by Sahaj Anandji who died in 1970 and was succeeded by Mataji. In 1972, Rakesh began his academic studies at Activity High School in Mumbai. From an early age, he was spiritually inclined. From the age of four he began speaking on Jain philosophy. He first encountered Shrimad Rajchandra when a copy of fell and he saw the photograph of Shrimad Rajchandra. He recounted that he went into deep meditation for 72 hours after this incident, which led to (recounting of previous lives). In 1978, Rakesh visited Hampi and stayed for eighteen months. A satsang-mandal (devotional group) was formed by 1978 and some followers had already started to call him guru by 1980. During his visit to his aunt in Jaipur, he decided to devote rest of his life to spiritual activities. In 1983, he visited Hampi again and stayed there for two years. There he was nominated as Mataji's successor. In 1985, he returned to Mumbai upon his parents' request and started studying religious texts, practicing yoga and learning Indian classical music. He observed silence for twelve hours a day and traveled extensively between 1985 and 1990. During this period, the number of followers around him continued to grow. During his holidays in Nepal, he decided to pursue the college studies. He completed B. A. from Osmania University, Hyderabad, in 1988. In 1989, he visited Antwerp for his father's treatment where his discourses were attended by increasing number of followers. He completed M. A. in Philosophy in 1991 from the University of Mumbai. He started his doctoral studies on Atmasiddhi, a spiritual work composed by Shrimad Rajchandra, in January 1994 under Ramanlal Shah. He was awarded PhD on 2 December 1998 by the University of Mumbai. He had vowed not to give a public discourse until his PhD was completed. He gave his first public discourse in Rajkot on 13 April 2001. Spiritual works Rakesh Jhaveri established Shrimad Rajchandra Adhyatmik Satsang Sadhana Kendra in 1994 to organise his followers which was later succeeded by the Shrimad Rajchandra Mission Dharampur. On 13 May 1999, the construction of an ashram spread across at Dharampur was started and was opened in April 2001. The ashram is located on the hillock of Mohangadh which was an estate of the last ruler of the erstwhile Dharampur State. In 2002, he started initiating followers, s, who give up worldly possessions and commit to celibacy. He gives the series of discourses to his followers at the ashram throughout the year. He gives discourses in Mumbai once a month on , a compilation of Shrimad Rajchandra's letters, personal diaries and transcriptions of his spiritual discourses. He also prescribes an annual scriptural study schedule to his followers. He established Shrimad Rajchandra Love and Care (SRLC); a non-governmental organisation that provides medical, educational and humanitarian services; in 2003. The NGO received a special consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council in 2020 due to its projects that work towards the UN Sustainable Development Goals. In November 2016, the Mission produced a play, Yugpurush: Mahatma na Mahatma depicting spiritual relationship between Shrimad Rajchandra and Mahatma Gandhi. The Mission opened a science college in Dharampur, Shrimad Rajchandra Vidyapeeth, the same month. In November 2017, the 34-feet tall statue of Shrimad Rajchandra was unveiled at the ashram. By 2017, the Mission had 102 Satsang centres, 39 Youth Group Centres and 227 Divine Touch Centres worldwide. In 2019, the Mission and the Sangeet Natak Akademi co-produced a play Bharat Bhagya Vidhata focused on how Mahatma Gandhi cultivated the values of truth and non-violence. The Mission gifted statue of Mahatma Gandhi to the city of Manchester to serve as a "symbol of love and compassion" following the 2017 Manchester Arena bombing. It was unveiled in November 2019. On April 25, 2021, Shrimad Rajchandra Hospital established a 150-bed COVID Care Centre in Dharampur during COVID-19 pandemic in India. Personal life Though he follows several principles of Jain monasticism, such as observing mahavratas (major vows), he does not consider himself a monk. He resides with his followers at the ashram in Dharampur and with his family when in Mumbai. Recognition He was awarded the Gandhi Seva Medal by the Gandhi Global Family, an NGO, in 2017. Bibliography 2011 – A Life Worth Living - Inspiring seekers to lead a Meaningful life , 187 pp.  2011 – Embark on the Inner Journey: Transformation through introspection , 217 pp.  2012 – The Path Enlightened - Discovering the essence of religion, 179 pp.  2012 – Seek Thy Eternal Self, 179 pp.  2013 – Bliss Within - Shattering the illusion of false happiness,to attain true joy , 210 pp.  2013 – Time to Awaken - "Guidance for bringing an end to transmigration and accelerating the journey to liberation, 219 pp.  2014 – Shrimad Rajchandra - Saga of Spirituality, 275 pp.  2015 – A Divine Union, 162 pp.  2016 – Sadguru Insights: 50 Enlightening Lessons from the Master, 208 pp.  2016 – Sadguru Communion, 117 pp.  2016 – Sadguru Nuggets, 135 pp.  2016 – Sadguru Alerts - 50 Insightful Questions from the Master, 64 pp.  2019 – Sadguru Capsules - Weekly Profound Contemplations from the Master, 119 pp.  2021 - Atmasiddhi Shastra: Six Spiritual Truths of the Soul (Concise & Complete Commentary), 568 pp. Notes and references Notes References Bibliography External links Shrimad Rajchandra Mission Living people 1966 births Writers from Mumbai 20th-century Indian Jains Gujarati-language writers Indian religious leaders University of Mumbai alumni Osmania University alumni Jain reformers 21st-century Indian Jains People from Mumbai Gujarati people

<mask>, also known as <mask> and <mask>, (born 26 September 1966) is a spiritual leader, mystic, scholar of Jainism, author and orator from India. Spiritually inclined from a young age, he is a follower of Shrimad Rajchandra, a Jain spiritual teacher. He completed doctoral studies on Shrimad's work Atmasiddhi. He founded Shrimad Rajchandra Mission, Dharampur which supports spiritual and social activities. Early life <mask> was born in Mumbai, India on 26 September 1966 to Dilip and <mask>, who followed the Shwetambara Murtipujaka tradition of Jainism. In 1968, Sahaj Anandji, a monk from Rajasthan who had established Shrimad Rajchandra Ashram at Hampi, was at Palitana. <mask>'s parents were influenced by Sahaj Anandji who died in 1970 and was succeeded by Mataji.In 1972, <mask> began his academic studies at Activity High School in Mumbai. From an early age, he was spiritually inclined. From the age of four he began speaking on Jain philosophy. He first encountered Shrimad Rajchandra when a copy of fell and he saw the photograph of Shrimad Rajchandra. He recounted that he went into deep meditation for 72 hours after this incident, which led to (recounting of previous lives). In 1978, <mask> visited Hampi and stayed for eighteen months. A satsang-mandal (devotional group) was formed by 1978 and some followers had already started to call him guru by 1980.During his visit to his aunt in Jaipur, he decided to devote rest of his life to spiritual activities. In 1983, he visited Hampi again and stayed there for two years. There he was nominated as Mataji's successor. In 1985, he returned to Mumbai upon his parents' request and started studying religious texts, practicing yoga and learning Indian classical music. He observed silence for twelve hours a day and traveled extensively between 1985 and 1990. During this period, the number of followers around him continued to grow. During his holidays in Nepal, he decided to pursue the college studies.He completed B. A. from Osmania University, Hyderabad, in 1988. In 1989, he visited Antwerp for his father's treatment where his discourses were attended by increasing number of followers. He completed M. A. in Philosophy in 1991 from the University of Mumbai. He started his doctoral studies on Atmasiddhi, a spiritual work composed by Shrimad Rajchandra, in January 1994 under Ramanlal Shah. He was awarded PhD on 2 December 1998 by the University of Mumbai. He had vowed not to give a public discourse until his PhD was completed.He gave his first public discourse in Rajkot on 13 April 2001. Spiritual works <mask> <mask> established Shrimad Rajchandra Adhyatmik Satsang Sadhana Kendra in 1994 to organise his followers which was later succeeded by the Shrimad Rajchandra Mission Dharampur. On 13 May 1999, the construction of an ashram spread across at Dharampur was started and was opened in April 2001. The ashram is located on the hillock of Mohangadh which was an estate of the last ruler of the erstwhile Dharampur State. In 2002, he started initiating followers, s, who give up worldly possessions and commit to celibacy. He gives the series of discourses to his followers at the ashram throughout the year. He gives discourses in Mumbai once a month on , a compilation of Shrimad Rajchandra's letters, personal diaries and transcriptions of his spiritual discourses.He also prescribes an annual scriptural study schedule to his followers. He established Shrimad Rajchandra Love and Care (SRLC); a non-governmental organisation that provides medical, educational and humanitarian services; in 2003. The NGO received a special consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council in 2020 due to its projects that work towards the UN Sustainable Development Goals. In November 2016, the Mission produced a play, Yugpurush: Mahatma na Mahatma depicting spiritual relationship between Shrimad Rajchandra and Mahatma Gandhi. The Mission opened a science college in Dharampur, Shrimad Rajchandra Vidyapeeth, the same month. In November 2017, the 34-feet tall statue of Shrimad Rajchandra was unveiled at the ashram. By 2017, the Mission had 102 Satsang centres, 39 Youth Group Centres and 227 Divine Touch Centres worldwide.In 2019, the Mission and the Sangeet Natak Akademi co-produced a play Bharat Bhagya Vidhata focused on how Mahatma Gandhi cultivated the values of truth and non-violence. The Mission gifted statue of Mahatma Gandhi to the city of Manchester to serve as a "symbol of love and compassion" following the 2017 Manchester Arena bombing. It was unveiled in November 2019. On April 25, 2021, Shrimad Rajchandra Hospital established a 150-bed COVID Care Centre in Dharampur during COVID-19 pandemic in India. Personal life Though he follows several principles of Jain monasticism, such as observing mahavratas (major vows), he does not consider himself a monk. He resides with his followers at the ashram in Dharampur and with his family when in Mumbai. Recognition He was awarded the Gandhi Seva Medal by the Gandhi Global Family, an NGO, in 2017.Bibliography 2011 – A Life Worth Living - Inspiring seekers to lead a Meaningful life , 187 pp. 2011 – Embark on the Inner Journey: Transformation through introspection , 217 pp. 2012 – The Path Enlightened - Discovering the essence of religion, 179 pp. 2012 – Seek Thy Eternal Self, 179 pp. 2013 – Bliss Within - Shattering the illusion of false happiness,to attain true joy , 210 pp. 2013 – Time to Awaken - "Guidance for bringing an end to transmigration and accelerating the journey to liberation, 219 pp. 2014 – Shrimad Rajchandra - Saga of Spirituality, 275 pp.2015 – A Divine Union, 162 pp. 2016 – Sadguru Insights: 50 Enlightening Lessons from the Master, 208 pp. 2016 – Sadguru Communion, 117 pp. 2016 – Sadguru Nuggets, 135 pp. 2016 – Sadguru Alerts - 50 Insightful Questions from the Master, 64 pp. 2019 – Sadguru Capsules - Weekly Profound Contemplations from the Master, 119 pp. 2021 - Atmasiddhi Shastra: Six Spiritual Truths of the Soul (Concise & Complete Commentary), 568 pp.Notes and references Notes References Bibliography External links Shrimad Rajchandra Mission Living people 1966 births Writers from Mumbai 20th-century Indian Jains Gujarati-language writers Indian religious leaders University of Mumbai alumni Osmania University alumni Jain reformers 21st-century Indian Jains People from Mumbai Gujarati people

A spiritual leader, mystic, scholar of Jainism, author and orator from India is known as <mask>. He is a follower of a Jain spiritual teacher. He studied the work of Shrimad. The mission supports spiritual and social activities. The son of Rekha and <mask> was born on September 26, 1966 in Mumbai, India. There was a monk from Rajasthan who established a monastery at Palitana in 1968. Mataji succeeded Sahaj Anandji who died in 1970 and was influenced by Rakesh's parents.In 1972 he began his studies at Activity High School. He was spiritual from an early age. He began speaking about Jain philosophy when he was four. When he saw the photograph of Shrimad Rajchandra, he first encountered him. He said that he went into deep meditation for 72 hours after the incident. Rakesh stayed in Hampi for eighteen months in 1978. Some followers of the satsang-mandal started calling him guru by 1980.He decided to devote the rest of his life to spiritual activities after visiting his aunt in Jaipur. He stayed in Hampi for two years in 1983. He was nominated as Mataji's successor. He returned to Mumbai in 1985 after his parents asked him to study religious texts, practice yoga and learn Indian classical music. He traveled extensively between 1985 and 1990. The number of followers around him continued to grow. He decided to go to college after his holidays in Nepal.He finished B. A. from Osmania University in 1988. His father's treatment was attended by increasing number of followers when he visited Antwerp in 1989. He studied philosophy at the University of Mumbai. In January 1994 he started his studies on the spiritual work Atmasiddhi. The University of Mumbai awarded him a PhD in 1998. He would not give a public discourse until his PhD was done.On 13 April 2001, he gave his first public discourse. The Shrimad Rajchandra Mission Dharampur was established in 1994 to organize his followers. The construction of an ashram spread across at Dharampur began in May 1999 and was opened in April 2001. The estate of the last ruler of the former Dharampur State was located on the hillock of Mohangadh. He started followers in 2002 who gave up worldly possessions and committed to celibacy. He gives a series of speeches to his followers. He gives a collection ofShrimad Rajchandra's letters and personal diaries once a month in Mumbai.An annual scriptural study schedule is prescribed to his followers by him. In 2003 he established a non-governmental organisation that provides medical, educational and humanitarian services. The UN Economic and Social Council gives consultative status to NGOs that work towards the UN sustainable development goals. The Mission produced a play in November of 2016 called Yugpurush: Mahatma na Mahatma. The science college was opened by the Mission. The statue of Rajchandra was unveiled in November of last year. The Mission had over 200 Satsang centres, 39 Youth Group Centres and over 200 Divine Touch Centres.A play about Mahatma Gandhi's values of truth and non-violence was co-produced by the Mission and the Sangeet Natak Akademi. The statue of Mahatma Gandhi was gifted to the city of Manchester by the Mission to serve as a symbol of love and compassion. It was unveiled in November. The COVID Care Centre was established by the hospital on April 25, 2021. He doesn't consider himself a monk because he follows several principles of Jain monasticism. He lives in Dharampur with his followers and his family. He was awarded the Gandhi Seva medal by the Gandhi Global Family.A Life Worth Living is an inspiring seekers to lead a meaningful life. Embark on the Inner Journey: Transformation through introspection was published in 2011. The Path Enlightened explores the essence of religion. The 2012 edition of Seek Thou Eternal Self is 179 pp. To attain true joy, you must shatter the illusion of false happiness. The guidance for bringing an end to transmigration and speeding up the journey to liberation was given in this year's Time to Awaken. The Saga of Spirituality was published in the year 2014.A Divine Union was published in 2015. The book is called Sadguru Insights: 50 Enlightening Lessons from the Master. The Sadguru Communion was published in the year 2016 The 2016 edition of Sadguru Nuggets was 135 pp. In 2016 there were 50 Insightful Questions from the Master. The Weekly Profound Contemplations from the Master was published in 2019. There is a complete commentary on the six spiritual truths of the soul.Writers from Mumbai 20th-century Indian Jains Gujarati-language writers Indian religious leaders University of Mumbai alumni Jain reformers 21st-century Indian Jains People from Mumbai

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy%20Dotrice

Roy Dotrice

Roy Dotrice (26 May 1923 – 16 October 2017) was a British actor famed for his portrayal of the antiquarian John Aubrey in the record-breaking solo play Brief Lives. Abroad, he won a Tony Award for his performance in the 2000 Broadway revival of A Moon for the Misbegotten, also appearing as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's father Leopold in Amadeus (1984), Charles Dickens in Dickens of London (1984), and Jacob Wells/Father in Beauty and the Beast. Late in life, he narrated a series of audiobooks for George R. R. Martin's epic fantasy series A Song of Ice and Fire, for which he held the Guinness World Record for the most character voices for an audiobook by an individual. Life and career Dotrice was born in Guernsey, Bailiwick of Guernsey on 26 May 1923 to Neva (née Wilton; 1897–1984) and Louis Dotrice (1896–1991). He served as a wireless operator/air gunner with the Royal Air Force during the Second World War, and was imprisoned in a German prisoner of war camp from 1942 to 1945, after being shot down in Avro Manchester R5840 of No.106 Squadron based at Coningsby, all seven airmen of the crew being taken Prisoner of War. Radio Dotrice was the voice of "Permanent Under-Secretary Sir Gregory Pitkin" in the early episodes of BBC Radio's long-running comedy The Men from the Ministry. He was succeeded by Ronald Baddiley in the role. He also played the caretaker Ramsay alongside Patricia Hayes in the Radio 2 sitcom Know Your Place. Theatre Dotrice played the part of John Aubrey in Brief Lives, a one-man play devised and directed by Patrick Garland that saw Dotrice hold the stage for more than two-and-a-half hours (including the interval, during which he would feign sleep). Premiering in 1967 at the Hampstead Theatre in London, the play later toured England, before two successful productions on Broadway. In 1968 it moved to the Criterion Theatre in the West End, where it ran for 400 performances before transferring to the Mayfair Theatre. He revived the role in 2008, again under Patrick Garland's direction. These runs, combined with extensive international touring, earned Dotrice a place in the Guinness World Records for the greatest number of solo performances (1,782). In 1984 he starred opposite Rosemary Harris in a production of Noël Coward's Hay Fever. He appeared in the stage production of Irving Berlin's White Christmas at The Lowry theatre in Salford from November 2009 to January 2010. Television In the 1970s Dotrice played the title role in the television mini-series Dickens of London. He also appeared as Albert Haddock in the BBC television adaptation of A. P. Herbert's Misleading Cases in 1971. In 1972 he played the Curé Ponosse in the BBC2 TV adaptation of Clochemerle (1972). However, Dotrice was known to North American audiences as "Father" in the 1980s American TV series Beauty and the Beast and Father Gary Barrett, a Catholic priest, in the 1990s series Picket Fences. His acting career dates from 1945 in a revue called Back Home, performed by ex-POWs in aid of the Red Cross. In an episode of Angel (1999), part of the Buffyverse, he played the role of Roger Wyndam-Pryce, the overbearing father of the character Wesley Wyndam-Pryce. An earlier science-fiction role was Commissioner Simmonds in two episodes of the 1970s series Space: 1999. In 1998 Dotrice appeared in three episodes of the series Hercules: The Legendary Journeys as Zeus. Dotrice was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1974 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at Pinewood Studios. Game of Thrones In June 2010 it was announced that Dotrice would be playing the role of Grand Maester Pycelle in the HBO television series Game of Thrones, an adaptation of George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire books. Dotrice later withdrew from the part for medical reasons and Julian Glover was cast in his place. Shortly after filming for the second season commenced it was confirmed that Dotrice would be returning to play "Wisdom Hallyne the Pyromancer", who is featured in the installments "The Ghost of Harrenhal" and "Blackwater". Radio and audiobooks In 1982 BBC Radio 4 broadcast Dotrice's reading of fellow Guernseyman G.B. Edwards' classic novel The Book of Ebenezer Le Page in twenty-eight 15-minute parts on its Woman's Hour segment. The producer subsequently wrote that the serialisation was "without question the most popular serial I have ever done in the 500 or so I have produced in the last 21 years ...". He subsequently performed "The Islander", a stage version of The Book of Ebenezer Le Page, to critical success at the Theatre Royal Lincoln. In 2012 AudioGO produced a complete and unabridged recording of Ebenezer Le Page, which is available on Audible. Dotrice recorded audiobooks for each book in George R. R. Martin's series A Song of Ice and Fire. In 2011 he was awarded the world record for most character voices in an audiobook for his recording of A Game of Thrones, which contained 224. Dotrice also narrated many storybook adaptations for Disney Records, including The Little Mermaid and Pooh's Heffalump, for which he was nominated for a Grammy Award. Personal life and death Dotrice was married to Kay Newman (1929–2007), a television and stage actress, from 1947 until her death in 2007. They had three daughters—Michele, Yvette and Karen—all of whom have acted at various times in their lives. He was the father-in-law of actors Edward Woodward (Michele) and Alex Hyde-White (Karen). He particularly enjoyed baseball, fishing and football, and was a stalwart member of the Garrick Club. He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 2008. Dotrice died at the age of 94 on 16 October 2017 in London; no cause was given. His body was cremated. Select filmography Film and television The Heroes of Telemark (1965) – Jensen A.P. Herbert's 'Misleading Cases' TV sitcom BBC One 1967 - 1971 19 episodes (3 series) A Twist of Sand (1968) – David Garland Lock Up Your Daughters (1969) – Gossip Toomorrow (1970) – John Williams The Buttercup Chain (1970) – Martin Carr-Gibbons Nicholas and Alexandra (1971) – General Alexeiev Tales From The Crypt (1972) – Charles Gregory (segment 4 "Wish You Were Here") Hide and Seek (1972) – Mr Grimes Clochemerle (1972) - Curé Ponosse Space: 1999 (1975, TV series) – Commissioner Simmonds Dickens of London (1976, TV series) – Charles Dickens/Mr John Dickens Sykes (1976, TV series|Squatters) – The Tramp Saturn 3 (1980, voice overdub of Harvey Keitel) – Benson (voice, uncredited) Magnum, P.I. (1981, Tropical Madness) - Harcourt Family Reunion (1981) – Lester Frye Cheech & Chong's The Corsican Brothers (1984) – The Evil Fuckaire/Ye Old Jailer Amadeus (1984) – Leopold Mozart Eliminators (1986) – Abbott Reeves Shaka Zulu (1986, TV series) The Wizard (1986, TV series) – Troyan Faerie Tale Theatre: "The Dancing Princesses" and "Rip Van Winkle" (1987, TV series) – The King/Peter Vanderdonk Beauty and the Beast (1987–90, TV series) – Jacob "Father" Suburban Commando (1991) – Zanuck The Cutting Edge (1992) – Anton Pamchenko Picket Fences (1992–1995, TV series) – Father Gary Barrett Going to Extremes (1992, TV series) – Doctor Croft Children of the Dark (1994, TV) – Dr Burnham Swimming with Sharks (1994) – Cyrus Miles Babylon 5: "The Fall of Night" (1995, TV) – Frederick Lantz The Scarlet Letter (1995) – Rev Thomas Cheever Mr. & Mrs. Smith (1996; TV series) – Mr Big Like Father, Like Santa (1998 TV series) – Ambrose Booth Sliders (1999, TV series) – Marc LeBeau/The Seer/Archibald Chandler Madigan Men (2000, TV series) – Seamus Madigan Alien Hunter (2003) – Dr John Bachman Angel (2003, TV series) – Roger Wyndam-Pryce Life Begins (2004; TV series) La Femme Musketeer (2004, TV mini-series) – Commander Finot These Foolish Things (2006) – Lord Carter Played (2006) – Jack Rawlings Go Go Tales (2007) – Jay Hellboy II: The Golden Army (2008) – King Balor Game of Thrones (2012, TV series) – Hallyne Sources: Voice acting Watership Down (audiobook) Robin Hood (TV series) The Prince and the Pauper (audio book) Batman: The Animated Series: "The Lion and the Unicorn" as Frederick Spider-Man (TV series) as Keene Marlow/The Destroyer The Book of Ebenezer Le Page (audio book) The Death Gate Cycle Vol. 4: Serpent Mage (audio book) A Song of Ice and Fire series (audio books) Sources: Honours He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2008 New Year Honours. References External links Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Roy Dotrice Selected Performances at the Theatre Archive, University of Bristol Two Old Stagers Find Vigour in Brief Lives Roy Dotrice(Aveleyman) 1923 births 2017 deaths 20th-century British male actors 21st-century British male actors Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art Audiobook narrators Best Actor BAFTA Award (television) winners British male film actors British male radio actors British male stage actors British male television actors British male voice actors British World War II prisoners of war Drama Desk Award winners Guernsey male actors Officers of the Order of the British Empire Royal Air Force airmen Royal Air Force personnel of World War II Royal Shakespeare Company members Shot-down aviators Tony Award winners World War II prisoners of war held by Germany

<mask> (26 May 1923 – 16 October 2017) was a British actor famed for his portrayal of the antiquarian John Aubrey in the record-breaking solo play Brief Lives. Abroad, he won a Tony Award for his performance in the 2000 Broadway revival of A Moon for the Misbegotten, also appearing as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's father Leopold in Amadeus (1984), Charles Dickens in Dickens of London (1984), and Jacob Wells/Father in Beauty and the Beast. Late in life, he narrated a series of audiobooks for George R. R. Martin's epic fantasy series A Song of Ice and Fire, for which he held the Guinness World Record for the most character voices for an audiobook by an individual. Life and career <mask> was born in Guernsey, Bailiwick of Guernsey on 26 May 1923 to Neva (née Wilton; 1897–1984) and <mask> (1896–1991). He served as a wireless operator/air gunner with the Royal Air Force during the Second World War, and was imprisoned in a German prisoner of war camp from 1942 to 1945, after being shot down in Avro Manchester R5840 of No.106 Squadron based at Coningsby, all seven airmen of the crew being taken Prisoner of War. <mask> was the voice of "Permanent Under-Secretary Sir Gregory Pitkin" in the early episodes of BBC Radio's long-running comedy The Men from the Ministry. He was succeeded by Ronald Baddiley in the role.He also played the caretaker Ramsay alongside Patricia Hayes in the Radio 2 sitcom Know Your Place. Theatre <mask> played the part of John Aubrey in Brief Lives, a one-man play devised and directed by Patrick Garland that saw <mask> hold the stage for more than two-and-a-half hours (including the interval, during which he would feign sleep). Premiering in 1967 at the Hampstead Theatre in London, the play later toured England, before two successful productions on Broadway. In 1968 it moved to the Criterion Theatre in the West End, where it ran for 400 performances before transferring to the Mayfair Theatre. He revived the role in 2008, again under Patrick Garland's direction. These runs, combined with extensive international touring, earned <mask> a place in the Guinness World Records for the greatest number of solo performances (1,782). In 1984 he starred opposite Rosemary Harris in a production of Noël Coward's Hay Fever.He appeared in the stage production of Irving Berlin's White Christmas at The Lowry theatre in Salford from November 2009 to January 2010. Television In the 1970s <mask> played the title role in the television mini-series Dickens of London. He also appeared as Albert Haddock in the BBC television adaptation of A. P. Herbert's Misleading Cases in 1971. In 1972 he played the Curé Ponosse in the BBC2 TV adaptation of Clochemerle (1972). However, <mask> was known to North American audiences as "Father" in the 1980s American TV series Beauty and the Beast and Father Gary Barrett, a Catholic priest, in the 1990s series Picket Fences. His acting career dates from 1945 in a revue called Back Home, performed by ex-POWs in aid of the Red Cross. In an episode of Angel (1999), part of the Buffyverse, he played the role of Roger Wyndam-Pryce, the overbearing father of the character Wesley Wyndam-Pryce.An earlier science-fiction role was Commissioner Simmonds in two episodes of the 1970s series Space: 1999. In 1998 <mask> appeared in three episodes of the series Hercules: The Legendary Journeys as Zeus. <mask> was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1974 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at Pinewood Studios. Game of Thrones In June 2010 it was announced that <mask> would be playing the role of Grand Maester Pycelle in the HBO television series Game of Thrones, an adaptation of George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire books. <mask> later withdrew from the part for medical reasons and Julian Glover was cast in his place. Shortly after filming for the second season commenced it was confirmed that <mask> would be returning to play "Wisdom Hallyne the Pyromancer", who is featured in the installments "The Ghost of Harrenhal" and "Blackwater". Radio and audiobooks In 1982 BBC Radio 4 broadcast <mask>'s reading of fellow Guernseyman G.B.Edwards' classic novel The Book of Ebenezer Le Page in twenty-eight 15-minute parts on its Woman's Hour segment. The producer subsequently wrote that the serialisation was "without question the most popular serial I have ever done in the 500 or so I have produced in the last 21 years ...". He subsequently performed "The Islander", a stage version of The Book of Ebenezer Le Page, to critical success at the Theatre Royal Lincoln. In 2012 AudioGO produced a complete and unabridged recording of Ebenezer Le Page, which is available on Audible. <mask> recorded audiobooks for each book in George R. R. Martin's series A Song of Ice and Fire. In 2011 he was awarded the world record for most character voices in an audiobook for his recording of A Game of Thrones, which contained 224. <mask> also narrated many storybook adaptations for Disney Records, including The Little Mermaid and Pooh's Heffalump, for which he was nominated for a Grammy Award.Personal life and death <mask> was married to Kay Newman (1929–2007), a television and stage actress, from 1947 until her death in 2007. They had three daughters—Michele, Yvette and Karen—all of whom have acted at various times in their lives. He was the father-in-law of actors Edward Woodward (Michele) and Alex Hyde-White (Karen). He particularly enjoyed baseball, fishing and football, and was a stalwart member of the Garrick Club. He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 2008. <mask> died at the age of 94 on 16 October 2017 in London; no cause was given. His body was cremated.Select filmography Film and television The Heroes of Telemark (1965) – Jensen A.P. Herbert's 'Misleading Cases' TV sitcom BBC One 1967 - 1971 19 episodes (3 series) A Twist of Sand (1968) – David Garland Lock Up Your Daughters (1969) – Gossip Toomorrow (1970) – John Williams The Buttercup Chain (1970) – Martin Carr-Gibbons Nicholas and Alexandra (1971) – General Alexeiev Tales From The Crypt (1972) – Charles Gregory (segment 4 "Wish You Were Here") Hide and Seek (1972) – Mr Grimes Clochemerle (1972) - Curé Ponosse Space: 1999 (1975, TV series) – Commissioner Simmonds Dickens of London (1976, TV series) – Charles Dickens/Mr John Dickens Sykes (1976, TV series|Squatters) – The Tramp Saturn 3 (1980, voice overdub of Harvey Keitel) – Benson (voice, uncredited) Magnum, P.I. 4: Serpent Mage (audio book) A Song of Ice and Fire series (audio books) Sources: Honours He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2008 New Year Honours. References External links Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, <mask>rice Selected Performances at the Theatre Archive, University of Bristol Two Old Stagers Find Vigour in Brief Lives <mask>(Aveleyman) 1923 births 2017 deaths 20th-century British male actors 21st-century British male actors Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art Audiobook narrators Best Actor BAFTA Award (television) winners British male film actors British male radio actors British male stage actors British male television actors British male voice actors British World War II prisoners of war Drama Desk Award winners Guernsey male actors Officers of the Order of the British Empire Royal Air Force airmen Royal Air Force personnel of World War II Royal Shakespeare Company members Shot-down aviators Tony Award winners World War II prisoners of war held by Germany

<mask> was a British actor best known for his portrayal of the antiquarian John Aubrey in the record-breaking solo play Brief Lives. He won a Tony Award for his performance in the 2000 Broadway revival of A Moon for the Misbegotten, as well as appearing in Amadeus, Dickens of London, and Beauty and the Beast. He held the Guinness World Record for the most character voices for an audiobook by an individual, for his narration of George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire. The life and career of <mask> began when he was born in Guernsey on May 26, 1923. He served as a wireless operator with the Royal Air Force during the Second World War, and was imprisoned in a German prisoner of war camp from 1942 to 1945, after being shot down in Avro Manchester R5840 of No.106 Squadron based at Coningsby. "Permanent Under-Secretary Sir Gregory Pitkin" was the voice of Radio Dotrice in the early episodes of The Men from the Ministry. Ronald Baddiley took over the role.He was in the Radio 2 sitcom Know Your Place. Theatre <mask> played the part of John Aubrey in Brief Lives, a one-man play devised and directed by Patrick Garland that saw <mask> hold the stage for more than two-and-a-half hours. The play was first presented in London in 1967, and went on to tour England and Broadway. It ran for 400 performances in the West End before moving to the Mayfair Theatre. The role was revived in 2008 by Patrick Garland. A place in the Guinness World Records for the greatest number of solo performances was earned by <mask>. He starred in a production of Hay Fever with Rosemary Harris.He was in the stage production of Irving Berlin's White Christmas at The Lowry theatre. The title role in the mini-series Dickens of London was played by <mask>. He played Albert Haddock in the television adaptation of A. P. Herbert's Misleading Cases. In 1972 he played the Curé Ponosse in a TV show. In the 1980s American TV series Beauty and the Beast and the 1990s series Picket Fences, Father Gary Barrett, a Catholic priest, was known to North American audiences as "Father". His acting career began in 1945 in a show for the Red Cross. He played the role of Roger Wyndam-Pryce in an episode of Angel that was part of the Buffyverse.Commissioner Simmonds was in two episodes of the 1970s series Space: 1999. In 1998 she appeared in three episodes of Hercules: The Legendary Journeys as Zeus. The subject of This Is Your Life was surprised by Eamonn Andrews. In June 2010 it was announced that <mask> would be playing the role of Grand Maester Pycelle in the television series Game ofThrones, an adaptation of George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire books. <mask> withdrew from the part for medical reasons and was replaced by a different person. After filming for the second season began, it was confirmed that <mask> would be returning to play "Wisdom Hallyne the Pyromancer", who is featured in the installments "The Ghost of Harrenhal" and "Blackwater". In 1982 <mask>'s reading of G.B. was broadcast on Radio 4.The book is part of the Woman's Hour segment. The serialisation was "without question the most popular serial I have ever done in the 500 or so I have produced in the last 21 years", wrote the producer. He performed "The Islander", a stage version of The Book of Ebenezer Le Page, at the Theatre Royal Lincoln. AudioGO produced a complete and unabridged recording of Ebenezer Le Page. Each book in George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire audiobook was recorded by <mask>. He was awarded the world record for most character voices in an audiobook in 2011. He was nominated for aGrammy Award for his narration of Pooh's Heffalump for Disney Records.From 1947 to 2007, <mask> was married to Kay Newman, a television and stage actress. Their daughters have acted at various times in their lives. He was the father-in-law of actors Edward Woodward and Alex Hyde-White. He was a member of the Garrick Club and enjoyed baseball, fishing and football. In 2008 he was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire. No cause was given for the death of <mask>, who died at the age of 94. His body was cremated.The Heroes of Telemark is a film and television show. There were 19 episodes of Herbert's 'Misleading Cases' on the British Broadcasting Corporation. He was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 2008. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, <mask>rice Selected Performances at the Theatre Archive, University of Bristol Two Old Stagers Find Vigour in Brief Lives.

28675869

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20Douglas

Barry Douglas

Barry James Douglas (born 4 September 1989) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Ekstraklasa club Lech Poznań and the Scotland national team. After playing for Queen's Park and Dundee United in Scotland, he joined Polish club Lech Poznań in 2013, where he won the 2014–15 Ekstraklasa title. He signed for Konyaspor in Turkey in 2016, after which he joined Wolverhampton Wanderers in 2017. Douglas enjoyed a successful season with Wolves, winning the 2017–18 EFL Championship and making his full international debut. He joined Leeds United in July 2018, where he won the 2019–20 EFL Championship under Manager Marcelo Bielsa. Club career Queens Park Douglas was born in Glasgow and raised in the city's Pollok district. He played for Livingston's youth teams, but was released at the age of sixteen because he was considered "too small". He then spent a year out of football before joining Queen's Park, becoming part of their first team squad in 2008. He made his senior debut in August 2008 in a Scottish Second Division match against Stranraer, and went on to become a first team regular for Queen's Park, playing for the amateur club part-time while also working as a refrigeration engineer and serving an apprenticeship in the trade. His performances saw him linked with a number of professional clubs, despite Queen's Park being relegated to the Third Division in 2009. Douglas continued to impress at the lower level, scoring nine goals from his full-back position during the 2009–10 season. He finished the season as Queen's Park's top scorer. Dundee United On 20 June 2010, he signed professionally with Scottish Premier League club Dundee United. His debut for his new club came in August of that year, as a substitute against Inverness Caledonian Thistle in the SPL. He spent three seasons at Tannadice; the player signed by United to replace him in the position, Andrew Robertson, also moved from Queen's Park, leading to disputes between the clubs as Dundee United had used the amateur status of Queen's Park and Douglas to avoid paying a transfer fee, and attempted to do the same with Robertson. Lech Poznań On 28 May 2013, Douglas signed a two-year deal with Polish club Lech Poznań. He made his debut against Widzew Łódź in a 1–0 win on 29 September 2013. His first goal for the club came on 3 August 2014, scoring a freekick in a 3–2 defeat against Wisła Kraków. He scored a freekick on 6 March 2015 against Jagiellonia Białystok in a 2–0 victory, before scoring another on 22 March in a 2–1 win over Wisła Kraków. He played 27 times as Lech won the Polish league championship in 2014–15, and the subsequent Super Cup. He scored another freekick for Poznań in the UEFA Champions League qualification phase against FK Sarajevo on 22 July 2015. He made 75 appearances in all competitions for the club, scoring 5 goals. Konyaspor Douglas signed for Turkish Süper Lig team Konyaspor in January 2016. He played his first league match against Galatasaray on 6 February 2016. With Konyaspor, Douglas reached the 2016–17 Turkish Cup final and played the full game as they defeated İstanbul Başakşehir on penalties. He played 45 times in all competitions during his spell, including four games in the 2016–17 UEFA Europa League. Wolverhampton Wanderers On 1 July 2017, he was signed by manager Nuno Espírito Santo for English Championship club Wolverhampton Wanderers for an undisclosed fee on a two-year deal with a year's option in the club's favour. He made his debut for the club on 5 August 2017 in a 1–0 win against Middlesbrough at Molineux. He scored his first goal a week later, in a 2–0 win away against Derby County. On 22 November 2017, Douglas scored a long range freekick in a 4–1 win against Leeds United. He was nominated for the EFL Championship Player of The Month award for November 2017. Douglas picked up a winner's medal during the 2017–18 EFL Championship with Wolves winning the league, contributing five goals and 14 assists from the left back position. His tally of assists also saw him finish joint-top (with Robert Snodgrass) of the relevant charts in the EFL Championship. Leeds United 2018–19 On 28 July 2018, EFL Championship side Leeds United signed Douglas for an undisclosed fee (roughly £3 million) on a 3 year contract. He was given the number 3 shirt for the season. He made his debut and got an assist in the opening game of the 2018–19 season on 5 August 2018 against Stoke City at Elland Road in a 3–1 win. Douglas had injury problems in the beginning of 2019, which resulted in him missing several games, which saw Gjanni Alioski slot into his left back position whilst out injured, and on 30 March, Douglas, in obvious distress, played through a ruptured knee ligament, as all three substitutes had been used, in a tightly fought 3–2 win over Millwall. The injury ruled the Scot out for the remainder of the season, including playoffs. During an injury-hit 2018–19 season, Douglas played 27 games in all competitions, making 5 assists. Leeds finished the regular season in third place, dropping out of the automatic promotion places with three games left after a defeat to ten-man Wigan Athletic on 19 April. With Douglas' season already ended by injury, Leeds lost to Derby County in the playoff semi-finals. 2019–20 After three months out injured, on 10 July, Douglas returned from injury in Leeds' pre-season friendly against York City in a 5–0 win. He started the season as Leeds' first choice left back, however after an injury hit spell, he found himself out of the side behind Gjanni Alioski. After an impressive half time substitute appearance against West Bromwich Albion on 1 January 2020, head coach Marcelo Bielsa said Douglas would start against Premier League side Arsenal in the third round of the F.A. Cup. Douglas played the full 90 minutes of the cup tie, which Arsenal won 1–0 but was substituted for Alioski during Sheffield Wednesday's late win at Elland Road on 11 January. After the English professional football season was paused in March 2020 due to Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football, the season was resumed during June, where Douglas earned promotion with Leeds to the Premier League and also become the EFL Championship Champions for the 2019–20 season in July after the successful resumption of the season. 2020–21 His first start of the 2020–21 season came on 16 September 2020 for Premier League Leeds in a 1–1 draw against Hull City in the EFL Cup (Hull went on to win 9–8 on penalties). Douglas was loaned to Championship club Blackburn Rovers on 16 October 2020 until the end of the 2020–21 season. In May 2021, he was released by Leeds at the expiry of his contract. Return to Lech Poznań On 2 July 2021, Douglas returned to Poland, signing a 2-year contract with Lech Poznań. International career Douglas was selected for the Scotland national team in March 2018. He made his international debut on 27 March, coming on as a substitute for Andrew Robertson in a 1–0 win against Hungary. Style of play Douglas plays either as a left back or a left wing-back. He is also known for his free-kick and set piece ability. Trivia In August 2019, Douglas was one of the main stars of Leeds United documentary 'Take Us Home' on Amazon Prime, featuring in several episodes, the documentary was narrated by Academy Award winning actor and Leeds United fan Russell Crowe. Career statistics Club International Honours Lech Poznań Ekstraklasa: 2014–15 Polish SuperCup: 2015 Konyaspor Turkish Cup: 2016–17 Wolverhampton Wanderers EFL Championship: 2017–18 Leeds United EFL Championship: 2019–20 References External links 1989 births Living people Footballers from Glasgow Scottish footballers Association football fullbacks Scotland international footballers Scottish Premier League players Scottish Football League players Ekstraklasa players Süper Lig players English Football League players Livingston F.C. players Queen's Park F.C. players Dundee United F.C. players Lech Poznań players Lech Poznań II players Konyaspor footballers Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players Leeds United F.C. players Blackburn Rovers F.C. players Scottish expatriate footballers Scottish expatriate sportspeople in Poland Expatriate footballers in Poland Scottish expatriate sportspeople in Turkey Expatriate footballers in Turkey

<mask> (born 4 September 1989) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Ekstraklasa club Lech Poznań and the Scotland national team. After playing for Queen's Park and Dundee United in Scotland, he joined Polish club Lech Poznań in 2013, where he won the 2014–15 Ekstraklasa title. He signed for Konyaspor in Turkey in 2016, after which he joined Wolverhampton Wanderers in 2017. <mask> enjoyed a successful season with Wolves, winning the 2017–18 EFL Championship and making his full international debut. He joined Leeds United in July 2018, where he won the 2019–20 EFL Championship under Manager Marcelo Bielsa. Club career Queens Park Douglas was born in Glasgow and raised in the city's Pollok district. He played for Livingston's youth teams, but was released at the age of sixteen because he was considered "too small".He then spent a year out of football before joining Queen's Park, becoming part of their first team squad in 2008. He made his senior debut in August 2008 in a Scottish Second Division match against Stranraer, and went on to become a first team regular for Queen's Park, playing for the amateur club part-time while also working as a refrigeration engineer and serving an apprenticeship in the trade. His performances saw him linked with a number of professional clubs, despite Queen's Park being relegated to the Third Division in 2009. <mask> continued to impress at the lower level, scoring nine goals from his full-back position during the 2009–10 season. He finished the season as Queen's Park's top scorer. Dundee United On 20 June 2010, he signed professionally with Scottish Premier League club Dundee United. His debut for his new club came in August of that year, as a substitute against Inverness Caledonian Thistle in the SPL.He spent three seasons at Tannadice; the player signed by United to replace him in the position, Andrew Robertson, also moved from Queen's Park, leading to disputes between the clubs as Dundee United had used the amateur status of Queen's Park and <mask> to avoid paying a transfer fee, and attempted to do the same with Robertson. Lech Poznań On 28 May 2013, <mask> signed a two-year deal with Polish club Lech Poznań. He made his debut against Widzew Łódź in a 1–0 win on 29 September 2013. His first goal for the club came on 3 August 2014, scoring a freekick in a 3–2 defeat against Wisła Kraków. He scored a freekick on 6 March 2015 against Jagiellonia Białystok in a 2–0 victory, before scoring another on 22 March in a 2–1 win over Wisła Kraków. He played 27 times as Lech won the Polish league championship in 2014–15, and the subsequent Super Cup. He scored another freekick for Poznań in the UEFA Champions League qualification phase against FK Sarajevo on 22 July 2015.He made 75 appearances in all competitions for the club, scoring 5 goals. Konyaspor <mask> signed for Turkish Süper Lig team Konyaspor in January 2016. He played his first league match against Galatasaray on 6 February 2016. With Konyaspor, <mask> reached the 2016–17 Turkish Cup final and played the full game as they defeated İstanbul Başakşehir on penalties. He played 45 times in all competitions during his spell, including four games in the 2016–17 UEFA Europa League. Wolverhampton Wanderers On 1 July 2017, he was signed by manager Nuno Espírito Santo for English Championship club Wolverhampton Wanderers for an undisclosed fee on a two-year deal with a year's option in the club's favour. He made his debut for the club on 5 August 2017 in a 1–0 win against Middlesbrough at Molineux.He scored his first goal a week later, in a 2–0 win away against Derby County. On 22 November 2017, <mask> scored a long range freekick in a 4–1 win against Leeds United. He was nominated for the EFL Championship Player of The Month award for November 2017. <mask> picked up a winner's medal during the 2017–18 EFL Championship with Wolves winning the league, contributing five goals and 14 assists from the left back position. His tally of assists also saw him finish joint-top (with Robert Snodgrass) of the relevant charts in the EFL Championship. Leeds United 2018–19 On 28 July 2018, EFL Championship side Leeds United signed <mask> for an undisclosed fee (roughly £3 million) on a 3 year contract. He was given the number 3 shirt for the season.He made his debut and got an assist in the opening game of the 2018–19 season on 5 August 2018 against Stoke City at Elland Road in a 3–1 win. <mask> had injury problems in the beginning of 2019, which resulted in him missing several games, which saw Gjanni Alioski slot into his left back position whilst out injured, and on 30 March, <mask>, in obvious distress, played through a ruptured knee ligament, as all three substitutes had been used, in a tightly fought 3–2 win over Millwall. The injury ruled the Scot out for the remainder of the season, including playoffs. During an injury-hit 2018–19 season, <mask> played 27 games in all competitions, making 5 assists. Leeds finished the regular season in third place, dropping out of the automatic promotion places with three games left after a defeat to ten-man Wigan Athletic on 19 April. With <mask>' season already ended by injury, Leeds lost to Derby County in the playoff semi-finals. 2019–20 After three months out injured, on 10 July, <mask> returned from injury in Leeds' pre-season friendly against York City in a 5–0 win.He started the season as Leeds' first choice left back, however after an injury hit spell, he found himself out of the side behind Gjanni Alioski. After an impressive half time substitute appearance against West Bromwich Albion on 1 January 2020, head coach Marcelo Bielsa said <mask> would start against Premier League side Arsenal in the third round of the F.A. Cup. <mask> played the full 90 minutes of the cup tie, which Arsenal won 1–0 but was substituted for Alioski during Sheffield Wednesday's late win at Elland Road on 11 January. After the English professional football season was paused in March 2020 due to Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on association football, the season was resumed during June, where <mask> earned promotion with Leeds to the Premier League and also become the EFL Championship Champions for the 2019–20 season in July after the successful resumption of the season. 2020–21 His first start of the 2020–21 season came on 16 September 2020 for Premier League Leeds in a 1–1 draw against Hull City in the EFL Cup (Hull went on to win 9–8 on penalties). <mask> was loaned to Championship club Blackburn Rovers on 16 October 2020 until the end of the 2020–21 season.In May 2021, he was released by Leeds at the expiry of his contract. Return to Lech Poznań On 2 July 2021, <mask> returned to Poland, signing a 2-year contract with Lech Poznań. International career <mask> was selected for the Scotland national team in March 2018. He made his international debut on 27 March, coming on as a substitute for Andrew Robertson in a 1–0 win against Hungary. Style of play <mask> plays either as a left back or a left wing-back. He is also known for his free-kick and set piece ability. Trivia In August 2019, <mask> was one of the main stars of Leeds United documentary 'Take Us Home' on Amazon Prime, featuring in several episodes, the documentary was narrated by Academy Award winning actor and Leeds United fan Russell Crowe.Career statistics Club International Honours Lech Poznań Ekstraklasa: 2014–15 Polish SuperCup: 2015 Konyaspor Turkish Cup: 2016–17 Wolverhampton Wanderers EFL Championship: 2017–18 Leeds United EFL Championship: 2019–20 References External links 1989 births Living people Footballers from Glasgow Scottish footballers Association football fullbacks Scotland international footballers Scottish Premier League players Scottish Football League players Ekstraklasa players Süper Lig players English Football League players Livingston F.C. players Queen's Park F.C. players Dundee United F.C. players Lech Poznań players Lech Poznań II players Konyaspor footballers Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players Leeds United F.C. players Blackburn Rovers F.C. players Scottish expatriate footballers Scottish expatriate sportspeople in Poland Expatriate footballers in Poland Scottish expatriate sportspeople in Turkey Expatriate footballers in Turkey

<mask> is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Lech Pozna and the Scotland national team. After playing for Queen's Park and Dundee United in Scotland, he joined Lech Pozna, where he won the Ekstraklasa title. After signing for Konyaspor in Turkey, he joined Wolves. <mask> made his international debut after making his full international debut with Wolves. He joined the team in July of last year and won the Championship. Queens Park <mask> was born in Glasgow and raised in the Pollok district. He was released from Livingston's youth teams at the age of sixteen because he was too small.He joined Queen's Park's first team squad in 2008 after spending a year out of football. He made his senior debut in August 2008 in a Scottish Second Division match against Stranraer and went on to become a first team regular for Queen's Park. Despite Queen's Park being demoted to the Third Division in 2009, he was linked with a number of professional clubs. During the 2009–10 season, <mask> scored nine goals from his full-back position. He was Queen's Park's top scorer. He signed with the Scottish club on June 20, 2010. In August of that year, he made his debut for his new club, as a substitute against Inverness Caledonian Thistle.The player signed by United to replace him in the position, Andrew Robertson, also moved from Queen's Park, leading to disputes between the clubs. <mask> Pozna. He made his debut against Widzew d. His first goal for the club was a freekick in a 3–2 defeat against Wisa Krakw. On 6 March 2015, he scored a freekick in a 2–0 victory against Jagiellonia Biaystok, before scoring another on 22 March in a 2–1 win over Wisa Krakw. He played 27 times as Lech won the Polish league championship and the Super Cup. He scored a free kick for Pozna against Sarajevo.He scored 5 goals in 75 appearances for the club. Konyaspor <mask> joined the team in January 2016 He played his first match in the league. <mask> played the full game as Konyaspor defeated stanbul Baakehir on penalties in the 2016–17 Turkish Cup final. He played in 45 games during his time in the competition. He was signed by manager Nuno Esprito Santo for an undisclosed fee on a two-year deal with a year's option in the club's favour. He made his debut for the club in August of last year.He scored his first goal a week later. <mask> scored a long range freekick in a 4–1 win against Leeds United. He was nominated for a player of the month award. <mask> had five goals and 14 assists from the left back position as Wolves won the league in the savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay savesay He and Robert Snodgrass finished joint-top of the relevant charts in the Championship. <mask> was signed to a 3 year contract by Leeds United for an undisclosed fee. The number 3 shirt was given to him.He made his debut in the opening game of the season on August 5, when he assisted in a 3–1 win for Elland Road. <mask> had injury problems in the beginning of the year, which resulted in him missing several games, which saw Gjanni Alioski slot into his left back position whilst out injured, and on 30 March, <mask>, in obvious distress, played through a knee injury, as all three replacements had The injury ruled the Scot out for the rest of the season. <mask> played 27 games and made 5 assists. After a defeat to Wigan Athletic on April 19th, Leeds dropped out of the automatic promotion places. The playoff semi-finals were lost to Derby County with <mask>' season already ended by injury. On 10 July, <mask> came back from injury in a 5–0 win over York City.After an injury hit spell, he was out of the side behind Gjanni Alioski, who was the first choice left back. After an impressive half time substitute appearance against West Bromwich on January 1, 2020, the head coach said that <mask> would start the third round of the F.A. There is a cup. The full 90 minutes of the cup tie were played by <mask>, but he was replaced by Alioski in the late game at Elland Road. After the English professional football season was paused in March 2020 due to the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on association football, the season was resumed in June and <mask> was promoted to the top flight of English football. His first start of the 2020–21 season was a 1–1 draw against Hull City in the EFL Cup. <mask> was on loan to the Championship club from October 2020 to the end of the 2020–21 season.He was released by Leeds at the end of his contract. <mask> returned to Poland on July 2, 2021. <mask> was selected for the Scotland national team. He made his international debut as a substitute for Andrew Robertson in a 1–0 win against Hungary. <mask> plays either a left back or a left wing-back. He has the ability to kick and set piece. In August of this year, <mask> was one of the main stars of the documentary 'Take Us Home' on Amazon Prime, which was narrated by Academy Award winning actor Russell Crowe.The Lech Pozna Ekstraklasa was awarded the Polish SuperCup in 2015 and the Konyaspor Turkish Cup in 2016 and 2017, respectively. The players are at Queen's Park F.C. The players are from Dundee United F.C. Konyaspor players are Lech Pozna II. The players are fromLeeds United F.C. The players are from the team from the team from the team from the team from the team from the team from the team from the team from the team from the team from the team from the team from the team from the team from the team from the team from the team from the team from Scottish expatriate sports people are in Poland and Turkey.

1498136

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankie%20Armstrong

Frankie Armstrong

Frankie Armstrong (born 13 January 1941 in Workington, Cumberland, England) is an English singer and voice teacher. She has worked as a singer in the folk scene and the women's movement and as a trainer in social and youth work. Her repertoire ranges from traditional ballads to music-hall and contemporary songs, often focusing on the lives of women. She is a key mover of the natural voice movement and is the president of the natural voice network and has been a voice coach for theatrical groups, including at the National Theatre for 18 years. Involved with folk and political songs from the 1950s, she has performed and/or recorded with Blowzabella, The Orckestra (with Henry Cow and the Mike Westbrook Brass Band), Ken Hyder's Talisker, John Kirkpatrick, Brian Pearson, Leon Rosselson, Dave Van Ronk and Maddy Prior. She is blind from glaucoma. Biography Frankie Armstrong moved to Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire, as a young child. She began singing in a group with her brother singing Elvis Presley and Little Richard numbers, and in 1957 joined the Stort Valley Skiffle Group which a few years later changed its name to the Ceilidh Singers as its repertoire moved towards folk music. The group founded the Hoddesdon Folk Club. In 1963 she qualified as a social worker for blind people and began working with Louis Killen and performing solo (Louis Killen's advice led to her developing the harder voice quality for which she is noted.). In 1964, at Killen's suggestion she joined The Critics Group directed by Ewan MacColl and Peggy Seeger. In 1965 sang at the Edinburgh Festival "Poets in Public", with John Betjeman, Stevie Smith and Ted Hughes. Her first recording, in 1965, was at the invitation of Bert Lloyd who as director of Topic Records was putting together an album of erotic songs with Anne Briggs, released as The Bird in the Bush (12T135, 1966). In 1968 she recorded songs for the radio programme The Blind Set produced by Charles Parker about the treatment of visually impaired people which led to the formation of the Blind Integration Group. In 1973 she spent several weeks in the US and met Ethel Raim. She was inspired by Raim's Balkan singing workshops and in the mid-1970s pioneered her own workshops developing her own approach to singing with a natural voice. Her conviction that singing is for everyone has underpinned her approach. She was an initiating member of the NVPN – Natural Voice Practitioners' Network, and "The key figure behind the development of the network...". She was a member of the Feminist Improvising Group (FIG), co-founded in 1977 by vocalist Maggie Nicols, bassoonist Lindsay Cooper, keyboardist Cathy Williams, cellist and bassist Georgina Born, and trumpeter Corinne Liensol. Armstrong collaborated within the accomplished FIG after 1978, and also with free jazz pianist (and partly percussion playing) Irène Schweizer, saxophonist (and film maker) Sally Potter, trombonist and violist Annemarie Roelofs, flutist and saxophonist Angèle Veltmeijer, and saxophonist and guitarist Françoise Dupety. The accompanying book to the Topic Records 70 year anniversary boxed set Three Score and Ten has a dust jacket picture of Frankie with Louis and The Crafty Maid's Policy from Lovely on the Water is the seventh track on the second CD in the set. In 2018, she was awarded a Gold Badge Award from the :English Folk Dance and Song Society for outstanding contributions to folk music. She wrote and recorded a song for Stick in the Wheel which is included in their second "From Here: English Folk Field Recordings, Volume 2" recording project and joined Lankum on stage at new year in Bristol singing Old Man from over the Sea. In 2019, Folk Radio UK announced that Frankie had formed a new band called :Green Ribbons with Alasdair Roberts (musician), :Jinnwoo and Burd Ellen. In July 2019, the band released their self-titled debut album consisting of purely unaccompanied singing through Matiere Memoir Records. In November 2020, Folk Radio UK announced that Frankie is due to release her 12th studio album 'Cats of Coven Lawn' in January 2021 to mark her 80th birthday. The album was produced by :Bird in the Belly member Tom Pyor, and the first single 'Life Lived Well' features Laura Ward (Bird in the Belly, :Hickory Signals). Discography Solo Lovely on the Water, Topic 12TS 216, LP (1972) Out of Love, Hope and Suffering, Bay 206, LP (1973) Songs and Ballads, Topic 12TS 273, LP (1975) And the Music Plays So Grand, Silence Records SRS4652, LP (1980) I Heard a Woman Singing, Flying Fish FF 332, LP (1984) Ways of Seeing, Harbourtown Records HAR009 (1990), CD (1996) Till the Grass O'ergrew the Corn: A Collection of Traditional Ballads, Fellside FECD116, CD (1997) The Garden of Love, Fellside FECD144, CD (1999) Encouragement, Fellside FECD208, CD (2008) What’s She Got To Smile At?: Songs of Brecht, Weill and Eisler., CD (2017) Cats of Coven Lawn, GF*M Records/Pirate Jenny Records (2021) Collaborations The Bird In The Bush, Topic 12T135 (1966)- with A. L. Lloyd and Anne BriggsThe Female Frolic , Argo DA82 (1968) as a member of The Critics Group My Song is My Own: Songs from Women Plane Label TPL 0001 (1980) – with Sandra Kerr, Alison McMorland and Kathy Henderson Nuclear Power No Thanks, Plane Label IMP2, LP (1981) – with Roy Bailey, Martin Carthy, Ron Elliott, Howard Evans, Chris Foster, Sandra Kerr, John Kirkpatrick, Alison McMorland, Brian Pearson, Geoff Pearson, Leon Rosselson, & Roger Williams Tam Lin, Plant Life PLR 063, LP (1984) – with Brian Pearson, Blowzabella and Jon Gillaspie Let No One Deceive You – Songs of Bertolt Brecht Flying Fish CDFLY557 (1989) by Dave Van Ronk, The Red Onion Jazz Band and others. The Fair Moon Rejoices, Harbourtown Records HARCD027 (1997) – with Joan Mills, Biddy Wells, Peter Stacey, Ben Lawrence, Geoff Haynes and Darien Pritchard Darkest Before the Dawn, Harbourtown Records HARCD 045 (2004)- with Sarah Harman & Shanee Taylor 'Green Ribbons', Matiere Memoire Records - with :Alasdair Roberts (musician), Jinnwoo, and Burd Ellen. Collections Poetry and Song 1, LP, Argo DA 50 (1966) - Frankie Armstrong sings The Lark in the Morn Poetry and Song 4, LP, Argo DA 53 (1966) - Frankie Armstrong and Sandra Kerr sing Scarborough Fair Poetry and Song 5, LP, Argo DA 54 (1966) - Frankie Armstrong sings The Smuggler Poetry and Song 9, LP, Argo DA 58 (1967) - Frankie Armstrong sings Higher Germany Poetry and Song 10, LP, Argo DA 59 (1967) - Frankie Armstrong sings The Outlandish Knight Poetry and Song 12, LP, Argo DA 61 (1967) - Frankie Armstrong sings The Recruited Collier The Critics Group The Female Frolic, LP, Argo DA 82 (1968) - with Sandra Kerr and Peggy Seeger The Critics Group Waterloo: Peterloo, English Folk Songs and Broadsides 1780-1830, LP, Argo ZFB 68 (1968) - with John Faulkner, Brian Pearson, Denis Turner and Terry Yarnell Various Artists, Room for Company: Folk Songs Festive & Sociable, LP, Impact IMP-S 104 (1972) Frankie Armstrong, Roy Harris, A.L. Lloyd, Martyn Wyndham-Read, The Valiant Sailor: Songs & Ballads of Nelson's Navy, LP, Topic 12TS232 (1973) John Arlott et al., The World of the Countryside, LP, Argo SPA 304 (1973) Various Artists, San Diego Folk Festival '74, LP, KPBS Public Broadcasting San Diego KPBS 101 (1974) Various Artists, You Got Magic: Fox Hollow Festival 10th Anniversary Album, LP, Biograph BLP 12052, (1975) David Jones, Cliff Haslam, Frankie Armstrong, Clive Collins, Here's a Health to the Man and the Maid, LP, Living Folk LFR 103, (1976) Various Artists, Sånger och musik från Kvinnokulturfestivalen, LP, Silence SRS 4647, (1977) Various Artists, English Folk Field Recordings Volume 2 by Stick In The Wheel, on Bonus CD & download, From Here Records, (2019). Reissues Lovely on the Water, a reissue of Frankie's first solo LP, with seven additional tracks: five from The Valiant Sailor (Topic 12TS232, 1973) and two from Room For Company (Impact IMPS104, 1972) (FECD 151). Ways Of Seeing (solo, duo and group apace women's voices HARCD 009). I Heard A Woman Singing, a reissue by Flying Fish Records, USA (CD FF 332) of the 1985 LP. The Bird In The Bush, (TSCD 479) with additional material from Louis Killen and Norman Kennedy. Books My Song is My Own, Kathy Henderson, Frankie Armstrong and Sandra Kerr. London: Pluto Press, 1979. One hundred traditional and composed women's songs from the British Isles, with select bibliography and discography. (Associated LP: My Song is My Own: Songs from Women; Plane Label TPL 0001 (1980) – with Sandra Kerr, Alison McMorland and Kathy Henderson) Autobiography As Far as the Eye Can Sing, edited by Jenny Pearson, published by Women's Press in 1992 () Well Tuned Women: Growing Strong through Voice Work, co-edited with Jenny Pearson, containing essays from leading international women voice trainers and artists, is also published by Women's Press (). Acting and Singing with Archetypes, Janet B. Rodgers and Frankie Armstrong. Limelight Editions, 2009. Transcripts from a workshop held in 2006 (). Book chapters Freeing Our Singing Voice, in The Vocal Vision: Views on Voice by 24 Leading Teachers, Coaches & Directors Edited by Marion Hampton & Barbara Acker, Applause Theatre & Cinema Books, 1997 (). The Voice is the Muscle of the Soul, in Glancing Fires: An Investigation into Women's Creativity, Edited by Lesley Saunders, The Women's Press Limited, 1987 (). Some Reflections on the English Folk Revival", Armstrong. F & Pearson, B in History Workshop - A Journal of Socialist Historians, Issue 7 1978. Finding our voices, in Voices from Arts for Labour, edited by N. Jackowska, Pluto Press, 1985. Literature Julie Dawn Smith: Playing like a Girl – The queer laughter of the Feminist Improvising Group. In: Daniel Fischlin and Ajay Heble (Editors): The Other Side of Nowhere: Jazz, Improvisation, and Communities in Dialogue. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press in 2004 (), p. 224–243. Caroline Bithell: A Different Voice, A Different Song: Reclaiming Community through the Natural Voice and World Song.'' Oxford University Press (2014). . References External links Personal website Frankie Armstrong at Harbourtown Records Folk Music Index Tam Lin Balladry English folk musicians English folk singers English women singers Political music artists Blind musicians 1941 births Living people People from Workington The Orckestra members Topic Records artists

<mask> (born 13 January 1941 in Workington, Cumberland, England) is an English singer and voice teacher. She has worked as a singer in the folk scene and the women's movement and as a trainer in social and youth work. Her repertoire ranges from traditional ballads to music-hall and contemporary songs, often focusing on the lives of women. She is a key mover of the natural voice movement and is the president of the natural voice network and has been a voice coach for theatrical groups, including at the National Theatre for 18 years. Involved with folk and political songs from the 1950s, she has performed and/or recorded with Blowzabella, The Orckestra (with Henry Cow and the Mike Westbrook Brass Band), Ken Hyder's Talisker, John Kirkpatrick, Brian Pearson, Leon Rosselson, Dave Van Ronk and Maddy Prior. She is blind from glaucoma. Biography <mask> moved to Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire, as a young child.She began singing in a group with her brother singing Elvis Presley and Little Richard numbers, and in 1957 joined the Stort Valley Skiffle Group which a few years later changed its name to the Ceilidh Singers as its repertoire moved towards folk music. The group founded the Hoddesdon Folk Club. In 1963 she qualified as a social worker for blind people and began working with Louis Killen and performing solo (Louis Killen's advice led to her developing the harder voice quality for which she is noted.). In 1964, at Killen's suggestion she joined The Critics Group directed by Ewan MacColl and Peggy Seeger. In 1965 sang at the Edinburgh Festival "Poets in Public", with John Betjeman, Stevie Smith and Ted Hughes. Her first recording, in 1965, was at the invitation of Bert Lloyd who as director of Topic Records was putting together an album of erotic songs with Anne Briggs, released as The Bird in the Bush (12T135, 1966). In 1968 she recorded songs for the radio programme The Blind Set produced by Charles Parker about the treatment of visually impaired people which led to the formation of the Blind Integration Group.In 1973 she spent several weeks in the US and met Ethel Raim. She was inspired by Raim's Balkan singing workshops and in the mid-1970s pioneered her own workshops developing her own approach to singing with a natural voice. Her conviction that singing is for everyone has underpinned her approach. She was an initiating member of the NVPN – Natural Voice Practitioners' Network, and "The key figure behind the development of the network...". She was a member of the Feminist Improvising Group (FIG), co-founded in 1977 by vocalist Maggie Nicols, bassoonist Lindsay Cooper, keyboardist Cathy Williams, cellist and bassist Georgina Born, and trumpeter Corinne Liensol. <mask> collaborated within the accomplished FIG after 1978, and also with free jazz pianist (and partly percussion playing) Irène Schweizer, saxophonist (and film maker) Sally Potter, trombonist and violist Annemarie Roelofs, flutist and saxophonist Angèle Veltmeijer, and saxophonist and guitarist Françoise Dupety. The accompanying book to the Topic Records 70 year anniversary boxed set Three Score and Ten has a dust jacket picture of <mask> with Louis and The Crafty Maid's Policy from Lovely on the Water is the seventh track on the second CD in the set.In 2018, she was awarded a Gold Badge Award from the :English Folk Dance and Song Society for outstanding contributions to folk music. She wrote and recorded a song for Stick in the Wheel which is included in their second "From Here: English Folk Field Recordings, Volume 2" recording project and joined Lankum on stage at new year in Bristol singing Old Man from over the Sea. In 2019, Folk Radio UK announced that <mask> had formed a new band called :Green Ribbons with Alasdair Roberts (musician), :Jinnwoo and Burd Ellen. In July 2019, the band released their self-titled debut album consisting of purely unaccompanied singing through Matiere Memoir Records. In November 2020, Folk Radio UK announced that <mask> is due to release her 12th studio album 'Cats of Coven Lawn' in January 2021 to mark her 80th birthday. The album was produced by :Bird in the Belly member Tom Pyor, and the first single 'Life Lived Well' features Laura Ward (Bird in the Belly, :Hickory Signals). Discography Solo Lovely on the Water, Topic 12TS 216, LP (1972) Out of Love, Hope and Suffering, Bay 206, LP (1973) Songs and Ballads, Topic 12TS 273, LP (1975) And the Music Plays So Grand, Silence Records SRS4652, LP (1980) I Heard a Woman Singing, Flying Fish FF 332, LP (1984) Ways of Seeing, Harbourtown Records HAR009 (1990), CD (1996) Till the Grass O'ergrew the Corn: A Collection of Traditional Ballads, Fellside FECD116, CD (1997) The Garden of Love, Fellside FECD144, CD (1999) Encouragement, Fellside FECD208, CD (2008) What’s She Got To Smile At?: Songs of Brecht, Weill and Eisler., CD (2017) Cats of Coven Lawn, GF*M Records/Pirate Jenny Records (2021) Collaborations The Bird In The Bush, Topic 12T135 (1966)- with A. L. Lloyd and Anne BriggsThe Female Frolic , Argo DA82 (1968) as a member of The Critics Group My Song is My Own: Songs from Women Plane Label TPL 0001 (1980) – with Sandra Kerr, Alison McMorland and Kathy Henderson Nuclear Power No Thanks, Plane Label IMP2, LP (1981) – with Roy Bailey, Martin Carthy, Ron Elliott, Howard Evans, Chris Foster, Sandra Kerr, John Kirkpatrick, Alison McMorland, Brian Pearson, Geoff Pearson, Leon Rosselson, & Roger Williams Tam Lin, Plant Life PLR 063, LP (1984) – with Brian Pearson, Blowzabella and Jon Gillaspie Let No One Deceive You – Songs of Bertolt Brecht Flying Fish CDFLY557 (1989) by Dave Van Ronk, The Red Onion Jazz Band and others. The Fair Moon Rejoices, Harbourtown Records HARCD027 (1997) – with Joan Mills, Biddy Wells, Peter Stacey, Ben Lawrence, Geoff Haynes and Darien Pritchard Darkest Before the Dawn, Harbourtown Records HARCD 045 (2004)- with Sarah Harman & Shanee Taylor 'Green Ribbons', Matiere Memoire Records - with :Alasdair Roberts (musician), Jinnwoo, and Burd Ellen. Collections Poetry and Song 1, LP, Argo DA 50 (1966) - <mask> sings The Lark in the Morn Poetry and Song 4, LP, Argo DA 53 (1966) - <mask> Armstrong and Sandra Kerr sing Scarborough Fair Poetry and Song 5, LP, Argo DA 54 (1966) - <mask> Armstrong sings The Smuggler Poetry and Song 9, LP, Argo DA 58 (1967) - <mask> sings Higher Germany Poetry and Song 10, LP, Argo DA 59 (1967) - <mask> Armstrong sings The Outlandish Knight Poetry and Song 12, LP, Argo DA 61 (1967) - <mask> sings The Recruited Collier The Critics Group The Female Frolic, LP, Argo DA 82 (1968) - with Sandra Kerr and Peggy Seeger The Critics Group Waterloo: Peterloo, English Folk Songs and Broadsides 1780-1830, LP, Argo ZFB 68 (1968) - with John Faulkner, Brian Pearson, Denis Turner and Terry Yarnell Various Artists, Room for Company: Folk Songs Festive & Sociable, LP, Impact IMP-S 104 (1972) Frankie Armstrong, Roy Harris, A.L. Lloyd, Martyn Wyndham-Read, The Valiant Sailor: Songs & Ballads of Nelson's Navy, LP, Topic 12TS232 (1973) John Arlott et al., The World of the Countryside, LP, Argo SPA 304 (1973) Various Artists, San Diego Folk Festival '74, LP, KPBS Public Broadcasting San Diego KPBS 101 (1974) Various Artists, You Got Magic: Fox Hollow Festival 10th Anniversary Album, LP, Biograph BLP 12052, (1975) David Jones, Cliff Haslam, Frankie Armstrong, Clive Collins, Here's a Health to the Man and the Maid, LP, Living Folk LFR 103, (1976) Various Artists, Sånger och musik från Kvinnokulturfestivalen, LP, Silence SRS 4647, (1977) Various Artists, English Folk Field Recordings Volume 2 by Stick In The Wheel, on Bonus CD & download, From Here Records, (2019). Reissues Lovely on the Water, a reissue of Frankie's first solo LP, with seven additional tracks: five from The Valiant Sailor (Topic 12TS232, 1973) and two from Room For Company (Impact IMPS104, 1972) (FECD 151). Ways Of Seeing (solo, duo and group apace women's voices HARCD 009). I Heard A Woman Singing, a reissue by Flying Fish Records, USA (CD FF 332) of the 1985 LP.The Bird In The Bush, (TSCD 479) with additional material from Louis Killen and Norman Kennedy. Books My Song is My Own, Kathy Henderson, <mask> and Sandra Kerr. London: Pluto Press, 1979. One hundred traditional and composed women's songs from the British Isles, with select bibliography and discography. (Associated LP: My Song is My Own: Songs from Women; Plane Label TPL 0001 (1980) – with Sandra Kerr, Alison McMorland and Kathy Henderson) Autobiography As Far as the Eye Can Sing, edited by Jenny Pearson, published by Women's Press in 1992 () Well Tuned Women: Growing Strong through Voice Work, co-edited with Jenny Pearson, containing essays from leading international women voice trainers and artists, is also published by Women's Press (). Acting and Singing with Archetypes, Janet B. Rodgers and <mask>. Limelight Editions, 2009.Transcripts from a workshop held in 2006 (). Book chapters Freeing Our Singing Voice, in The Vocal Vision: Views on Voice by 24 Leading Teachers, Coaches & Directors Edited by Marion Hampton & Barbara Acker, Applause Theatre & Cinema Books, 1997 (). The Voice is the Muscle of the Soul, in Glancing Fires: An Investigation into Women's Creativity, Edited by Lesley Saunders, The Women's Press Limited, 1987 (). Some Reflections on the English Folk Revival", <mask>. F & Pearson, B in History Workshop - A Journal of Socialist Historians, Issue 7 1978. Finding our voices, in Voices from Arts for Labour, edited by N. Jackowska, Pluto Press, 1985. Literature Julie Dawn Smith: Playing like a Girl – The queer laughter of the Feminist Improvising Group.In: Daniel Fischlin and Ajay Heble (Editors): The Other Side of Nowhere: Jazz, Improvisation, and Communities in Dialogue. Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press in 2004 (), p. 224–243. Caroline Bithell: A Different Voice, A Different Song: Reclaiming Community through the Natural Voice and World Song.'' Oxford University Press (2014). . References External links Personal website <mask> at Harbourtown Records Folk Music Index Tam Lin Balladry English folk musicians English folk singers English women singers Political music artists Blind musicians 1941 births Living people People from Workington The Orckestra members Topic Records artists

He is an English singer and voice teacher. She is a trainer in social and youth work and has worked as a singer in the folk scene. Her songs range from traditional ballads to music-hall and contemporary songs, often focusing on the lives of women. She is the president of the natural voice network and has been a voice coach for 18 years at the National Theatre. She is involved with folk and political songs from the 1950s. She is blind in one eye. There was a young child who moved to Hoddesdon.In 1957 she joined the Ceilidh Singers, a group that transitioned from singing Elvis and Little Richard to folk music. The Folk Club was founded by the group. In 1963, she qualified as a social worker for blind people and began working with Louis Killen, who advised her to develop the harder voice quality for which she is noted. She joined The Critics Group at Killen's suggestion. John Betjeman, Stevie Smith, and Ted Hughes sang at the Edinburgh Festival in 1965, "Poets in Public". The Bird in the Bush, an album of erotic songs with Anne Briggs, was released as The Bird in the Bush in 1966. In 1968 she recorded songs for a radio programme about the treatment of visually impaired people, which led to the formation of the Blind Integration Group.She spent several weeks in the US in 1973. She was inspired by Raim's Balkan singing workshops and in the mid-1970s pioneered her own workshops developing her own approach to singing with a natural voice. Her approach has been underpinned by her conviction that singing is for everyone. She was the key figure behind the development of the network. She was a member of the Feminist Improvising Group which was founded in 1977. After 1978, he collaborated with free jazz pianist (and partly percussion playing) Irne Schweizer, saxophonist (and film maker) Sally Potter, trombonist and violist Anne Marie Roelofs, flutist and saxophonist Angle Veltmei. The second CD in the 70 year anniversary boxed set Three Score and Ten has a picture of <mask> with Louis and The Crafty Maid's Policy from Lovely on the Water on it.She received a Gold Badge Award from the English Folk Dance and Song Society for her contributions to folk music. She joined Lankum on stage at the new year in Bristol singing Old Man from over the Sea after writing and recording a song for Stick in the Wheel. Folk Radio UK announced a new band called :Green Ribbons with Alasdair Roberts, Jinnwoo and Burd Ellen. The band's self-titled debut album was released in July of 2019. Folk Radio UK announced in November of 2020 that the 12th studio album by <mask> would be released in January of 2021. The first single 'Life Lived Well' features Laura Ward of Bird in the Belly, and was produced by :Bird in the Belly member Tom Pyor. Out of Love, Hope and Suffering, Bay 206, and the Music plays So Grand are some of the tracks on the Discography.Cats of Coven Lawn is a CD by GF*M Records and Pirates Jenny Records. Harbourtown Records has The Fair Moon Rejoices, Darkest Before the Dawn, and Green Ribbon. Poems and Song 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 are included in the collection. The World of the Countryside, John Arlott et al., Various Artists, San Diego Folk Festival '74,LP There are seven additional tracks on the re-release of Lovely on the Water, including five from The Valiant Sailor and two from Room For Company. The Ways of Seeing are a duo and a group of women's voices. The 1985 album I Heard A Woman Singing was re-released by Flying Fish Records.Additional material from Louis Killen and Norman Kennedy can be found in The Bird In The Bush. Kathy Henderson is the author of Books My Song is My Own. Pluto Press was in London in 1979. There are 100 traditional and composed women's songs from the British Isles. As Far as the Eye Can Sing, edited by Jenny Pearson, was published by Women's Press in 1992. Singing and acting with Archetypes and Janet B. Rodgers. The Limelight edition was published in 2009.There were transcripts from a workshop. The Vocal Vision: Views on Voice by 24 Leading Teachers, Coaches, and Directors was published in 1997. Glancing Fires: An Investigation into Women's Creativity is an edited work by The Women's Press. There are some reflections on the English Folk Revival. A Journal of Socialist Historians, Issue 7 1978, was written by F and Pearson. N. Jackowska edited Finding our voices in Arts for Labour. Julie Dawn Smith wrote playing like a girl.The Other Side of Nowhere: Jazz, Improvisation, and Communities in Dialogue was written by Daniel and Ajay Heble. The Wesleyan University Press was published in 2004. The title of the book is A Different Voice, A Different Song: Reclaiming Community through the Natural Voice and World Song. There are external links to the Oxford University Press.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton%20Dunckern

Anton Dunckern

Anton Leonhard Dunckern (29 June 1905 in Munich – 9 December 1985 in Munich) was a German SS-Brigadeführer. Life Born the son of a judicial bailiff Dunckern grew up in Munich. After attending a grammar school he studied Law at the University of Munich, passing the First State Examination in 1930 and the Great State Examination in early 1933. Early on in life Dunckern got involved in far right-wing politics in Southern Germany: In 1922, when he was seventeen, he joined the Freikorps Lauterbach, an association of volunteers serving as a supplementary to the regular German Army, where he met Heinrich Himmler. Both men became close friends at that time, remaining on a first-name basis for the rest of their lives. In 1923 Dunckern became a member of the Freikorps Oberland - an organization similar to the Corps of Hartmann Lauterbacher - with which he took part in the failed Beer Hall Putsch of November 1923. In September 1930 Dunckern joined the NSDAP and the SS, which by that time was spearheaded by his friend Himmler. Being a personal friend of the SS-chief and a highly educated academician Dunckern managed to advance swiftly within the ranks of the SS after the Nazi seizure of power in Germany in 1933: During the coup that brought the NSDAP to power in the State of Bavaria in March 1933 Dunckern, on behalf of Himmler, commanded the SS-troopers that occupied and guarded the Government buildings in Munich. In April he was appointed as an officer in the Bavarian Political Police, which at that time was Himmler's central power tool within the state apparatus. When Himmler and his deputy Heydrich migrated from Munich to Berlin in April 1934 in order to take control of the Gestapo they took Dunckern along. In the following months he participated in reorganizing the Gestapo in accordance with the plans of the SS-leaders, thus decisively contributing to consolidating their power. During the Nazi-government's purge of 30 June to 2 July 1934 Dunckern played a key-role in clamping down on his masters' adversaries in Berlin: He led the SS-troop that occupied the offices of Hitler's conservative Vice-Chancellor Franz von Papen. During this raid Papen's chief of press Herbert von Bose, the organiser of the political opposition to Nazi rule within the government apparatus, was shot and several other staffers were taken prisoner and dragged to concentration camps. On the night of 30 June to 1 July, Dunckern led a group of Gestapo agents who tried to execute the disgraced former NSDAP politician Paul Schulz in a forest outside of Berlin, who, however, managed to slip out of his would-be-killers clutches. From July to December 1934 Dunckern reorganized the Gestapo in Breslau and Liegnitz in Silesia. In March 1935 he was appointed to the office of chief of the Gestapo in Saarbrücken thus being placed in charge of the Gestapo within the whole Saar area. In early 1939 Dunckern was transferred to Brunswick as inspector of the Security Police and the SD supervising political, criminal police as well SS intelligence service in his area. In July 1940 Dunckern was appointed commander of the Security Police and the SD in Saar-Lorraine. In 1942 he was promoted to the rank of a SS-Brigadeführer. Following the Allied invasion of Europe in the summer of 1944 Himmler placed Dunckern in charge of the SS and police in the defence section of Metz. During the liberation of Metz by American troops of the 3rd US-Army on the night of 19 November 1944 Dunckern was taken prisoner. Due to the fact that Dunckern by that time was the highest-ranking SS-member to have been captured within his area of command, General George Patton took it upon himself to interrogate the prisoner personally. Patton, deciding that Dunckern was a ″viper″ and a ″low type″ of policeman, had him classified as a political detainee instead of a prisoner of war. Until early April 1945 Dunckern was kept as a prisoner in England. Afterwards he was transferred to a camp for captured generals in the US. In the summer of 1946 Dunckern was returned to Europe. From the summer of 1946 until the autumn of 1947 he was imprisoned in a camp for generals in Garmisch in Southern Germany. Afterwards he was imprisoned in a military penitentiary in Metz until the spring of 1953. From 31 May to 1 July 1953, Dunckern was tried as a war criminal before the Military Court of the 6th Region in Metz: he was sentenced to 20 years of hard labor. In June 1954 Dunckern was granted an early release from a prison in the Loos district of Lille. He returned to Germany, where he settled down in Munich, opening a law firm in 1956. Following a severe encephalitis attack in 1962 he became paraplegic. Due to his old age and feeble health he gave up his law license in 1970. In 1970 and 1971 the district attorney in Munich investigated Dunckern due to the suspicion that he had aided mass murder in his capacity as chief of police in Metz during the war. Specifically it was assumed that the agency run by Dunckern had been involved in the organization of the deportation of French Jews to Eastern Europe from 1942 to 1944. Since Dunckern denied those charges and since no evidence could be uncovered proving the opposite, the investigation was finally dropped in May 1971. Dunckern died in 1985 following a lengthy ailment. He is buried in the Ostfriedhof (eastern graveyard) of Munich. In accordance with his instructions, Dunckern's sister burned all his private papers after his death. Literature Dieter Wolfanger: „Der erste Gestapo-Chef des Saarlandes und spätere Befehlshaber der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD in Lothringen-Saarpfalz“, in: Jahrbuch für westdeutsche Landesgeschichte 18 (1992), p. 303-324. Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich, Frankfurt 2007. Andreas Schulz/Günter Wegmann Die Generale der Waffen-SS und der Polizei Biblio Verlag 2003 Band 1 pages 264 - 266. References 1905 births 1985 deaths Gestapo personnel Military personnel from Munich SS and Police Leaders Burials at the Ostfriedhof (Munich) People from the Kingdom of Bavaria SS-Brigadeführer 20th-century Freikorps personnel

<mask> (29 June 1905 in Munich – 9 December 1985 in Munich) was a German SS-Brigadeführer. Life Born the son of a judicial bailiff Dunckern grew up in Munich. After attending a grammar school he studied Law at the University of Munich, passing the First State Examination in 1930 and the Great State Examination in early 1933. Early on in life Dunckern got involved in far right-wing politics in Southern Germany: In 1922, when he was seventeen, he joined the Freikorps Lauterbach, an association of volunteers serving as a supplementary to the regular German Army, where he met Heinrich Himmler. Both men became close friends at that time, remaining on a first-name basis for the rest of their lives. In 1923 Dunckern became a member of the Freikorps Oberland - an organization similar to the Corps of Hartmann Lauterbacher - with which he took part in the failed Beer Hall Putsch of November 1923. In September 1930 Dunckern joined the NSDAP and the SS, which by that time was spearheaded by his friend Himmler.Being a personal friend of the SS-chief and a highly educated academician Dunckern managed to advance swiftly within the ranks of the SS after the Nazi seizure of power in Germany in 1933: During the coup that brought the NSDAP to power in the State of Bavaria in March 1933 Dunckern, on behalf of Himmler, commanded the SS-troopers that occupied and guarded the Government buildings in Munich. In April he was appointed as an officer in the Bavarian Political Police, which at that time was Himmler's central power tool within the state apparatus. When Himmler and his deputy Heydrich migrated from Munich to Berlin in April 1934 in order to take control of the Gestapo they took Dunckern along. In the following months he participated in reorganizing the Gestapo in accordance with the plans of the SS-leaders, thus decisively contributing to consolidating their power. During the Nazi-government's purge of 30 June to 2 July 1934 Dunckern played a key-role in clamping down on his masters' adversaries in Berlin: He led the SS-troop that occupied the offices of Hitler's conservative Vice-Chancellor Franz von Papen. During this raid Papen's chief of press Herbert von Bose, the organiser of the political opposition to Nazi rule within the government apparatus, was shot and several other staffers were taken prisoner and dragged to concentration camps. On the night of 30 June to 1 July, Dunckern led a group of Gestapo agents who tried to execute the disgraced former NSDAP politician Paul Schulz in a forest outside of Berlin, who, however, managed to slip out of his would-be-killers clutches.From July to December 1934 Dunckern reorganized the Gestapo in Breslau and Liegnitz in Silesia. In March 1935 he was appointed to the office of chief of the Gestapo in Saarbrücken thus being placed in charge of the Gestapo within the whole Saar area. In early 1939 Dunckern was transferred to Brunswick as inspector of the Security Police and the SD supervising political, criminal police as well SS intelligence service in his area. In July 1940 Dunckern was appointed commander of the Security Police and the SD in Saar-Lorraine. In 1942 he was promoted to the rank of a SS-Brigadeführer. Following the Allied invasion of Europe in the summer of 1944 Himmler placed Dunckern in charge of the SS and police in the defence section of Metz. During the liberation of Metz by American troops of the 3rd US-Army on the night of 19 November 1944 Dunckern was taken prisoner.Due to the fact that Dunckern by that time was the highest-ranking SS-member to have been captured within his area of command, General George Patton took it upon himself to interrogate the prisoner personally. Patton, deciding that Dunckern was a ″viper″ and a ″low type″ of policeman, had him classified as a political detainee instead of a prisoner of war. Until early April 1945 Dunckern was kept as a prisoner in England. Afterwards he was transferred to a camp for captured generals in the US. In the summer of 1946 Dunckern was returned to Europe. From the summer of 1946 until the autumn of 1947 he was imprisoned in a camp for generals in Garmisch in Southern Germany. Afterwards he was imprisoned in a military penitentiary in Metz until the spring of 1953.From 31 May to 1 July 1953, Dunckern was tried as a war criminal before the Military Court of the 6th Region in Metz: he was sentenced to 20 years of hard labor. In June 1954 Dunckern was granted an early release from a prison in the Loos district of Lille. He returned to Germany, where he settled down in Munich, opening a law firm in 1956. Following a severe encephalitis attack in 1962 he became paraplegic. Due to his old age and feeble health he gave up his law license in 1970. In 1970 and 1971 the district attorney in Munich investigated Dunckern due to the suspicion that he had aided mass murder in his capacity as chief of police in Metz during the war. Specifically it was assumed that the agency run by Dunckern had been involved in the organization of the deportation of French Jews to Eastern Europe from 1942 to 1944.Since Dunckern denied those charges and since no evidence could be uncovered proving the opposite, the investigation was finally dropped in May 1971. <mask> died in 1985 following a lengthy ailment. He is buried in the Ostfriedhof (eastern graveyard) of Munich. In accordance with his instructions, Dunckern's sister burned all his private papers after his death. Literature Dieter Wolfanger: „Der erste Gestapo-Chef des Saarlandes und spätere Befehlshaber der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD in Lothringen-Saarpfalz“, in: Jahrbuch für westdeutsche Landesgeschichte 18 (1992), p. 303-324. Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich, Frankfurt 2007. Andreas Schulz/Günter Wegmann Die Generale der Waffen-SS und der Polizei Biblio Verlag 2003 Band 1 pages 264 - 266.References 1905 births 1985 deaths Gestapo personnel Military personnel from Munich SS and Police Leaders Burials at the Ostfriedhof (Munich) People from the Kingdom of Bavaria SS-Brigadeführer 20th-century Freikorps personnel

Dunckern was born in 1905 and died in 1985 in Munich. Dunckern was the son of a judicial bailiff. He passed the First State Examination in 1930 and the Great State Examination in 1933 after graduating from the University of Munich. Dunckern was involved in far right-wing politics in Southern Germany when he was seventeen years old. Both men remained friends for the rest of their lives, as they became close at that time. Dunckern became a member of the Freikorps Oberland in 1923 and took part in the Beer Hall Putsch in 1923. Himmler was Dunckern's friend and he joined the NSDAP in September 1930.After the Nazi seizure of power in Germany in 1933, <mask>, a highly educated academician, was quickly promoted to the rank of lieutenant. Himmler's central power tool within the state apparatus was appointed as an officer in the Bavarian Political Police in April. <mask> was taken along by Himmler and Heydrich when they moved to Berlin in order to take control of the Gestapo. He was involved in reorganizing the Gestapo in accordance with the plans of the leaders. During the Nazi-government's purge of June to July 1934, Dunckern played a key role in taking down Hitler's enemies in Berlin. Herbert von Bose, Papen's chief of press, was shot and several other staffers were taken prisoner and dragged to concentration camps during this raid. On the night of 30 June to 1 July, Dunckern led a group of Gestapo agents who tried to execute the disgraced former NSDAP politician Paul Schulz in a forest outside of Berlin, who, however, managed to slip out of his would-be-killers clutches.Dunckern reorganized the Gestapo in Breslau and Liegnitz. He was appointed to the office of chief of the Gestapo in March 1935 and was in charge of the Gestapo within the whole area. Dunckern was promoted to the rank of inspector of the Security Police in early 1939 and was responsible for political, criminal, and intelligence service in his area. Dunckern was appointed commander of the Security Police in July 1940. He was promoted to the rank ofBrigadefhrer in 1942. Himmler placed Dunckern in charge of the police in the defence section of Metz after the Allied invasion of Europe. On the night of 19 November 1944 Dunckern was taken prisoner by the American troops of the 3rd US- Army.Due to the fact that Dunckern was the highest-ranking member to have been captured within his area of command, General George Patton took it upon himself to personally question the prisoner. Dunckern was classified as a political prisoner instead of a prisoner of war because he was aviper and a low type of policeman. Dunckern was a prisoner in England. He was sent to a camp for captured generals. Dunckern was returned to Europe in the summer of 1946. He was imprisoned in a camp for generals in Southern Germany from the summer of 1946 until the autumn of 1947. In the spring of 1953 he was imprisoned in a military penitentiary.The Military Court of the 6th Region sentenced Dunckern to 20 years of hard labor after he was accused of being a war criminal. Dunckern was granted an early release from prison in June 1954. He opened a law firm in Munich after returning to Germany. He became a paraplegic after an encephalitis attack. He gave up his law license because of his old age. In 1970 and 1971 the district attorney in Munich investigated Dunckern due to the suspicion that he aided mass murder in his capacity as chief of police in Metz during the war. It was assumed that the agency run by Dunckern was involved in the deportation of French Jews to Eastern Europe.The investigation was dropped in May 1971 after Dunckern denied the charges. Dunckern died after a long illness. He is buried in the eastern graveyard. Dunckern's sister burned his private papers after he died. There is a literature about the erste Gestapo-Chef des Saarlandes and the Sicherheitspolizei. The Personenlexikon zum Dritten Reich was written by Ernst Klee. The Generale der Waffen-SS und der Polizei Biblio Verlag 2003 Band was written by Gnter Wegmann.There were military personnel from the Kingdom of Bavaria who died in the Gestapo.

2125687

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O.%20S.%20Nock

O. S. Nock

Oswald Stevens Nock (21 January 1905 – 29 September 1994), nicknamed Ossie, was a British railway signal engineer and senior manager at the Westinghouse company; he is well known for his prodigious output of popularist publications on railway subjects, including over 100 books, as well as many more technical works on locomotive performance. He authored articles on railway signalling and locomotive performance for The Engineer researched during World War II, and from 1958 to 1980 he succeeded Cecil J. Allen as the author of the "British locomotive practice and performance" series published in The Railway Magazine. Biography Oswald Stevens Nock was born 21 January 1905 in Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire, the son of a bank employee, Samuel James Nock, and a schoolteacher Rose Amy née Stevens. In early childhood Nock's father became manager of a bank branch in Reading; O.S. Nock was subsequently educated at Marlborough House, and Reading School. After the family moved to Barrow in Furness in 1916 he became a boarder at Giggleswick School. In 1921 he enrolled at the City and Guilds Engineering College, in London, and obtained a degree in engineering in 1924, and joined the Westinghouse Brake and Signal Company in 1925. Recession during the 1930s (see Great Depression in the United Kingdom) led Nock to seek other forms of income, and after having taken a correspondence course in journalism, began to submit articles to magazines. His first submission was a technical paper on railways submitted to the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. In 1932 he had his first works accepted for publication: the first was an article "Carlisle, a Station of Changes" published in January 1932 in The Railway Magazine, also in 1932 the London Evening News bought and published an article written as part of his journalism correspondence course: "Hyde Park's ghost trains"; Due to his moonlighting as a journalist, he published under pseudonyms including "C.K.S", "C.K. Stevens" or "Railway Engineer". In his early writing career Nock also had published photographic articles on landscapes and regions, published by non-railway publications. A commission for The Star newspaper enabled him to ride on the footplate of a LMS express locomotive in 1934, subsequently he regularly submitted information on locomotive performance to The Railway Magazine. Nock married Olivia Hattie née Ravenall (1913–1987) in 1937. By 1939 Nock was successful as a both a popular and technical railway author – he received a commission by The Engineer at the beginning of the Second World War to produce a series of articles on railway signalling, and on locomotive performance under wartime conditions. After World War II Nock rose through the Westinghouse organisation to become chief brake draughtsman (1945), four years later chief draughtsman; during the British Rail modernisation plan (1955) Nock managed the expansion of the company's drawing office, and in 1957 became the company's chief mechanical engineer. Nock's first published book was Locomotives of Sir Nigel Gresley published 1945, and based on an earlier series of ten articles in The Railway Magazine; he became a regular author of publishers David and Charles and Ian Allan in the post war boom, publishing on average two books per year whilst working at Westinghouse. In 1959 he took over the writing of the "British locomotive practice and performance" reports for The Railway Magazine from Cecil J. Allen, publishing 264 articles between then and 1980. In 1967 he was a passenger on a train involved in a derailment near Didcot in which one person was killed. The carriage where he was sitting overturned, but he escaped without injury, and later wrote of his experience in his book Historic Railway Disasters. He had previously seen the aftermath of another fatal railway accident at Reading in 1914 as a schoolboy. In 1969 Nock became president of the Institution of Railway Signal Engineers (IRSE). After retiring in 1970 his output rose to five books per year, including a three volume work on 20th century British locomotives, and eight volumes on the railways of regions of the world. In addition to his interests in all things railway, Nock's interests included photography, painting, as well as railway modelling. His wife Olivia died in 1987. He died 21 September 1994. Legacy Nock authored more than 140 books and 1000 magazine articles, although some of the work represented duplication from his own oeuvre, as well as containing repetition or padding within the text. Much of his work showed a bias towards locomotive performance issues; his most authoritative work was on that subject and on signalling. As a writer his output is considered accessible, uncontroversial, and empathic to the subject he wrote upon, and rich in personal anecdotes, though some feel his historical work and research was weak. His better writing has been highly praised: Partial bibliography Books Signalling Locomotives and performance Railways , Revised edition (1982) , , 2nd edition (1964) , 3rd edition (1973) original publisher: Artists House, London Autobiography Articles and monographs Signalling , in four parts: No.I, 27 August, pp. 162–165; No.II, 3 September, pp. 190–193; No.III, 10 September, pp. 202–205; No.IV, 17 September, pp. 228–231 , in four parts: No.I, 13 May 1949, pp. 518–521, No.II, 20 May 1949, pp. 546–548, No. III, 27 May 1949, pp. 574–578, No. IV, 3 June 1949, pp. 602–605 Locomotives and performance , in two parts: No.I, 6 February, pp. 110–113; No.II, 13 February, pp. 132–134 : Part I, 26 April 1946, pp. 374–375, Part II, 3 May 1946, pp. 398–399 : Part I, 24 May 1946, pp. 466–467, Part II, 31 May 1946, pp. 490–491, Part III, 19 July 1946, pp. 60–62 : Part I, 13 December 1946, pp. 532–534, Part II, 20 December 1946, pp. 558–559 : Part I, 6 February 1948, pp. 128–130, Part II, 13 February 1948, pp. 152–154 Part I.: The G.W.R. "Hall" Class. 4 November 1949, pp. 514–517, Part II: The Ex-L.M.S.R. Class "5". 11 November 1949, pp. 543–546 Part III: The Ex-L.N.E.R. "B.1" Class. 18 November 1949, pp. 573–576 Part IV: The G.W.R. "County" Class. 25 November 1949, pp. 600–603 :Part I, 20 April 1951, pp. 501–503, Part II, 27 April 1951, pp. 535–539 : Part I, 18 July 1952, pp. 77–80, Part II, 25 July 1952, pp. 115–117 : Part I, 29 May 1953, pp. 754–756, Part II, 5 June 1953, pp. 786- : Part I, 10 July 1953, pp. 34–36, Part II, 17 July 1953, pp. 66–68 : Part 1, 2 July 1954, pp. 2–4, Part II, 9 July 1954, pp. 38–41 : Part 1, 20 August 1954, pp. 268–270, part II, 27 August 1954, pp. 284–286 No.I, 25 May 1956, pp. 550–553, No.II, 1 June 1956, pp. 588–591 : : No.I, 13 June 1952, pp. 788–790, No.II, 20 June 1952, pp. 817–820, No.III, 4 July 1952, pp. 29–31, No.IV, 11 July 1952, pp. 62–64 No.I, 24 July 1953, pp. 103–104, No.II, 31 July 1953, pp. 136–138 No.I, 2 October 1953, pp. 424–427, No.II, 9 October 1953, pp. 451–453 No.I, 5 February 1953, pp. 202–205, No.II, 12 February 1954, pp. 236–239 No.I, 15 July 1955, pp. 66–68, No.II, 22 July 1955, pp. 102–104 No.I, 4 November 1955, pp. 644–646, No.II, 11 November 1955, pp. 680–682 No.I, 12 April 1957, pp. 560–562, No.II, 19 April 1957, pp. 594–597 No.I, 23 August 1957, pp. 258–261, No.II, 30 August 1957, pp. 292–294 See also Jack Simmons (historian), contemporary railway historian References Sources O. S. Nock." Times [London, England] 8 Oct. 1994: 23. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 18 Nov. 2016 Notes External links O. S. Nock at WorldCat 1904 births 1994 deaths People educated at Giggleswick School People from Sutton Coldfield Rail transport writers Railway historians 20th-century historians

<mask> (21 January 1905 – 29 September 1994), nicknamed <mask>, was a British railway signal engineer and senior manager at the Westinghouse company; he is well known for his prodigious output of popularist publications on railway subjects, including over 100 books, as well as many more technical works on locomotive performance. He authored articles on railway signalling and locomotive performance for The Engineer researched during World War II, and from 1958 to 1980 he succeeded Cecil J. Allen as the author of the "British locomotive practice and performance" series published in The Railway Magazine. Biography <mask> was born 21 January 1905 in Sutton Coldfield, Warwickshire, the son of a bank employee, <mask>, and a schoolteacher Rose Amy née <mask>. In early childhood <mask>'s father became manager of a bank branch in Reading; O.S<mask> was subsequently educated at Marlborough House, and Reading School. After the family moved to Barrow in Furness in 1916 he became a boarder at Giggleswick School. In 1921 he enrolled at the City and Guilds Engineering College, in London, and obtained a degree in engineering in 1924, and joined the Westinghouse Brake and Signal Company in 1925.Recession during the 1930s (see Great Depression in the United Kingdom) led <mask> to seek other forms of income, and after having taken a correspondence course in journalism, began to submit articles to magazines. His first submission was a technical paper on railways submitted to the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. In 1932 he had his first works accepted for publication: the first was an article "Carlisle, a Station of Changes" published in January 1932 in The Railway Magazine, also in 1932 the London Evening News bought and published an article written as part of his journalism correspondence course: "Hyde Park's ghost trains"; Due to his moonlighting as a journalist, he published under pseudonyms including "C.K.S", "C.K. Stevens" or "Railway Engineer". In his early writing career <mask> also had published photographic articles on landscapes and regions, published by non-railway publications. A commission for The Star newspaper enabled him to ride on the footplate of a LMS express locomotive in 1934, subsequently he regularly submitted information on locomotive performance to The Railway Magazine. <mask> married <mask> née Ravenall (1913–1987) in 1937.By 1939 <mask> was successful as a both a popular and technical railway author – he received a commission by The Engineer at the beginning of the Second World War to produce a series of articles on railway signalling, and on locomotive performance under wartime conditions. After World War II <mask> rose through the Westinghouse organisation to become chief brake draughtsman (1945), four years later chief draughtsman; during the British Rail modernisation plan (1955) <mask> managed the expansion of the company's drawing office, and in 1957 became the company's chief mechanical engineer. <mask>'s first published book was Locomotives of Sir Nigel Gresley published 1945, and based on an earlier series of ten articles in The Railway Magazine; he became a regular author of publishers David and Charles and Ian Allan in the post war boom, publishing on average two books per year whilst working at Westinghouse. In 1959 he took over the writing of the "British locomotive practice and performance" reports for The Railway Magazine from Cecil J. Allen, publishing 264 articles between then and 1980. In 1967 he was a passenger on a train involved in a derailment near Didcot in which one person was killed. The carriage where he was sitting overturned, but he escaped without injury, and later wrote of his experience in his book Historic Railway Disasters. He had previously seen the aftermath of another fatal railway accident at Reading in 1914 as a schoolboy.In 1969 <mask> became president of the Institution of Railway Signal Engineers (IRSE). After retiring in 1970 his output rose to five books per year, including a three volume work on 20th century British locomotives, and eight volumes on the railways of regions of the world. In addition to his interests in all things railway, <mask>'s interests included photography, painting, as well as railway modelling. His wife <mask> died in 1987. He died 21 September 1994. Legacy <mask> authored more than 140 books and 1000 magazine articles, although some of the work represented duplication from his own oeuvre, as well as containing repetition or padding within the text. Much of his work showed a bias towards locomotive performance issues; his most authoritative work was on that subject and on signalling.As a writer his output is considered accessible, uncontroversial, and empathic to the subject he wrote upon, and rich in personal anecdotes, though some feel his historical work and research was weak. His better writing has been highly praised: Partial bibliography Books Signalling Locomotives and performance Railways , Revised edition (1982) , , 2nd edition (1964) , 3rd edition (1973) original publisher: Artists House, London Autobiography Articles and monographs Signalling , in four parts: No.I, 27 August, pp. 162–165; No.II, 3 September, pp. 190–193; No.III, 10 September, pp. 202–205; No.IV, 17 September, pp. 228–231 , in four parts: No.I, 13 May 1949, pp. 518–521, No.II, 20 May 1949, pp.546–548, No. III, 27 May 1949, pp. 574–578, No. IV, 3 June 1949, pp. 602–605 Locomotives and performance , in two parts: No.I, 6 February, pp. 110–113; No.II, 13 February, pp. 132–134 : Part I, 26 April 1946, pp.374–375, Part II, 3 May 1946, pp. 398–399 : Part I, 24 May 1946, pp. 466–467, Part II, 31 May 1946, pp. 490–491, Part III, 19 July 1946, pp. 60–62 : Part I, 13 December 1946, pp. 532–534, Part II, 20 December 1946, pp. 558–559 : Part I, 6 February 1948, pp.128–130, Part II, 13 February 1948, pp. 152–154 Part I.: The G.W.R. "Hall" Class. 4 November 1949, pp. 514–517, Part II: The Ex-L.M.S.R. Class "5". 11 November 1949, pp.543–546 Part III: The Ex-L.N.E.R. "B.1" Class. 18 November 1949, pp. 573–576 Part IV: The G.W.R. "County" Class. 25 November 1949, pp. 600–603 :Part I, 20 April 1951, pp.501–503, Part II, 27 April 1951, pp. 535–539 : Part I, 18 July 1952, pp. 77–80, Part II, 25 July 1952, pp. 115–117 : Part I, 29 May 1953, pp. 754–756, Part II, 5 June 1953, pp. 786- : Part I, 10 July 1953, pp. 34–36, Part II, 17 July 1953, pp.66–68 : Part 1, 2 July 1954, pp. 2–4, Part II, 9 July 1954, pp. 38–41 : Part 1, 20 August 1954, pp. 268–270, part II, 27 August 1954, pp. 284–286 No.I, 25 May 1956, pp. 550–553, No.II, 1 June 1956, pp. 588–591 : : No.I, 13 June 1952, pp.788–790, No.II, 20 June 1952, pp. 817–820, No.III, 4 July 1952, pp. 29–31, No.IV, 11 July 1952, pp. 62–64 No.I, 24 July 1953, pp. 103–104, No.II, 31 July 1953, pp. 136–138 No.I, 2 October 1953, pp. 424–427, No.II, 9 October 1953, pp.451–453 No.I, 5 February 1953, pp. 202–205, No.II, 12 February 1954, pp. 236–239 No.I, 15 July 1955, pp. 66–68, No.II, 22 July 1955, pp. 102–104 No.I, 4 November 1955, pp. 644–646, No.II, 11 November 1955, pp. 680–682 No.I, 12 April 1957, pp.560–562, No.II, 19 April 1957, pp. 594–597 No.I, 23 August 1957, pp. 258–261, No.II, 30 August 1957, pp. 292–294 See also <mask> (historian), contemporary railway historian References Sources O. S. Nock." Times [London, England] 8 Oct. 1994: 23. The Times Digital Archive.Web. 18 Nov. 2016 Notes External links O. S<mask> at WorldCat 1904 births 1994 deaths People educated at Giggleswick School People from Sutton Coldfield Rail transport writers Railway historians 20th-century historians

<mask>, known as <mask>, was a British railway signal engineer and senior manager at the Westinghouse company, and he is well known for his prolific output of popularist publications on railway subjects, including over 100 books, as well as many more technical works. During World War II, he was the author of articles on railway signalling and locomotive performance for The Engineer, while Cecil J. Allen was the author of the "British locomotive practice and performance" series for The Railway Magazine. <mask> was the son of a bank employee, <mask>, and a teacher, <mask>. <mask>'s father was the manager of a bank branch in Reading. Nock attended Reading School. He became a boarder at Giggleswick School after the family moved to Barrow in Furness in 1916. He obtained a degree in engineering from the City and Guilds Engineering College in London in 1924 and joined the Westinghouse Brake and Signal Company in 1925.The Great Depression in the United Kingdom led <mask> to seek other forms of income, and after taking a correspondence course in journalism, began to submit articles to magazines. The first paper he submitted was a technical paper on railways. The first article he wrote, "Carlisle, a Station of Changes", was published in The Railway Magazine in January 1932. <mask> is a railway engineer. <mask> published photographic articles on landscapes and regions in his early writing career. A commission for The Star newspaper enabled him to ride on the footplate of a LMS express locomotive in 1934, after which he submitted information on locomotive performance to The Railway Magazine. <mask> was married in 1937.At the beginning of the Second World War, <mask> received a commission from The Engineer to produce a series of articles on railway signalling and locomotive performance. During the British Rail plan in 1955, <mask> managed the expansion of the company's drawing office, and in 1957 became the company's chief mechanical modernisation. Locomotives of Sir Nigel Gresley, <mask>'s first book, was published in 1945, and was based on an earlier series of ten articles in The Railway Magazine; he became a regular author of publishers David and Charles and Ian Allan in the post war boom, publishing on average two books In 1959 he took over the writing of the "British locomotive practice and performance" reports for The Railway Magazine from Cecil J. Allen. In 1967, he was a passenger on a train that derailed, killing one person. He wrote about his experience in his book Historic Railway Disasters. He saw the aftermath of a fatal railway accident when he was a schoolboy.<mask> became president of the IRSE in 1969. After retiring in 1970 his output rose to five books per year, including a three volume work on 20th century British locomotives, and eight volumes on the railways of regions of the world. <mask>'s interests included photography, painting, and railway modelling, as well as his interests in all things railway. His wife died in 1987. He died in 1994. Legacy <mask> wrote more than 140 books and 1000 magazine articles, but some of the work was duplicated from his own work, as well as containing repetition or padding within the text. His most authoritative work was on signalling and locomotive performance issues.As a writer, his output is considered accessible, uncontroversial, and personable to the subject he wrote upon, and rich in personal anecdotes, though some feel his historical work and research was weak. He has been praised for his better writing, which includes Partial bibliography Books Signalling Locomotives and performance Railways, Revised edition 1982,, 2nd edition 1964, and 3rd edition 1973, original publisher: Artists House, London. No. II, 3 September, pp. No.III, 10 September, pp. 190–193 No.IV was published on 17 September. In four parts, No.I, 13 May 1949, pp. 20 May 1949, pp. 518–521, No. II.No. 547–548. 27 May 1949, pp. No. 574–578. 3 June 1949, pp. Locomotives and performance are in two parts. No. II, 13 February, pp. Part I, 26 April 1946, pp.Part II, 3 May 1946, pp. Part I, 24 May 1946, pp. Part II, 31 May 1946, pp. Part III, 19 July 1946, pp. Part I, 13 December 1946, was published in 60–62. Part II, 20 December 1946, pp. Part I, 6 February 1948, pp.Part II, 13 February 1948, pp. Part I.: The G.W.R. The class is called "Hall" The issue was published on 4 November 1949. Part II: The Ex-L.M.S.R. A class of five. 11 November 1949.Part III: The Ex-L.N.E.R. B.1 is a class. 18 November 1949. Part IV: The G.W.R. The class is called "county". 25 November 1949. Part I, 20 April 1951, pp.Part II, 27 April 1951, pp. Part I, 18 July 1952, pp. Part II, 25 July 1952, pp. Part I was published on May 29, 1953. Part II, 5 June 1953, pp. Part I was published on July 10,1953. Part II, 17 July 1953, pp.Part 1 was published on July 2, 1954. Part II, 9 July 1954. Part 1 of 20 August 1954. Part II, 27 August 1954. 25 May 1956, pp. 1 June 1956, pp. 550–553, No. II. 13 June 1952, pp.20 June 1952, pp. No.III, 4 July 1952, pp. 29–31, No.IV, 11 July 1952, pp. 24 July 1953, pp. 62–64 No.I. 31 July 1953, pp. 2 October 1953, pp. 136–137 No.I. pp. 423–423, No. II, 9 October 1953.5 February 1953, pp. pp. 202– 205, No. II, 12 February 1954. 15 July 1955, pp. 236–239 No.I. pp. 66–68, No. II, 22 July 1955. 4 November 1955, pp. No. II, 11 November 1955, pp. 12 April 1957, pp.19 April 1957, pp. 23 August 1957, pp. 594–597 No.I. 30 August 1957, pp. 258–263, No. II. <mask> is a railway historian. Nock. The Times of London was published in 1994. The Times has a digital archive.There is a website. There are External links to O. S. Nock.

36654727

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavan%20Sukhdev

Pavan Sukhdev

Pavan Sukhdev is an Indian environmental economist whose field of studies include green economy and international finance. He was the Special Adviser and Head of UNEP's Green Economy Initiative, a major UN project suite to demonstrate that greening of economies is not a burden on growth but rather a new engine for growing wealth, increasing decent employment, and reducing persistent poverty. Pavan was also the Study Leader for the ground breaking TEEB (The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity) study commissioned by G8+5 and hosted by UNEP. Under his leadership, TEEB sized the global problem of biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation in economic and human welfare terms, and proposed solutions targeted at policy-makers, administrators, businesses and citizens. TEEB presented its widely acclaimed Final Report suite at the UN meeting by Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in Nagoya (Nagoya Protocol), Japan. He is the Founder-CEO of GIST Advisory, a specialist consulting firm which helps governments and corporations discover, measure, value, and manage their impacts on natural and human capital. In recognition of his continuing work in helping governments and corporations transition towards a Green Economy, UNEP appointed Pavan as the UNEP Goodwill Ambassador in the year 2012. He was also selected as the "Personality of the Year" by, Environmental Finance in the year 2010. The Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (IEEM) have awarded Pavan their 2011 Medal. Pavan was a Visiting Fellow at Yale University from 2011 to 2014, where he was awarded the McCluskey Fellowship. Whilst at Yale, he wrote the book "Corporation 2020" which envisions tomorrow's corporation, and shows how corporations and society can and should work together to achieve common goals and build a green economy. He has chaired the World Economic Forum's "Global Agenda Council" on Ecosystems and Biodiversity (2009–2011) and was a speaker at Davos in 2010 and 2011. He currently serves on the boards of Conservation International, Global Reporting Initiative, TEEB for Business Coalition, Gulbenkian Oceans Initiative, and the Stockholm Resilience Centre. Since 2017, he is the president of the World Wide Fund for Nature. Career Education Pavan Sukhdev has studied in private international school Collège du Léman. He graduated with a degree in physics from University College, Oxford. Financial markets An international banker, Pavan was deeply involved in the evolution of India's currency, interest rate and derivatives markets in the mid-nineties, working with India's regulators and market participants. He has been a member of several Reserve Bank of India (RBI) committees for the development of India's financial markets, including the Sodhani Committee on Foreign Exchange Markets. In 1997 Pavan co-founded FIMMDA (Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association of India), India's professional association for fixed income markets, money markets and derivatives. He championed the introduction of Overnight indexed swap (OIS) into India, which is currently India's most liquid traded interest rate swap instrument. He worked with Deutsche Bank for 14 years and then took a sabbatical to lead two major environmental projects, TEEB (The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity) and UNEP's Green Economy Initiative. While at Deutsche Bank in India, Pavan founded and later chaired GMC (Global Markets Centre) in Mumbai. 1983–1994: Pavan worked with the Australia and New Zealand Banking Group for eleven years (1983 -1994) both in India and in London, in various financial markets trading, sales, structuring, and management roles. 1994–1998: Pavan joined Deutsche Bank to head their Global Markets division in India, which he built into a leading fixed income business for the bank in India. 1998–1999: Pavan was appointed Chief Operating Officer for Deutsche Bank's Asian Global Markets business based in Singapore, overseeing the Asian regional integration in 1999 of Bankers Trust and Deutsche Bank for his division, Global Markets Asia. 1999–2003: Pavan headed Money Markets for Global Markets Asia, and then for Global Markets Asia-Pacific (including Japan and Australia). 2003–2005: He moved to Deutsche Bank London as Chief Operating Officer for the Bank's Global Emerging Markets division, which covers all global markets business in Latin America, Eastern Europe, and Asia. 2005–2006: When his division Global Markets merged with Global Equities in 2005, he transitioned to Global Markets Central Management in London to run a Business process reengineering (BPR) project for the new combined division, which in turn resulted in his ‘front-office off-shoring' initiative. 2006–2008: He founded and later chaired GMC Mumbai (Global Markets Centre, Mumbai), the division's global front-office off-shoring vehicle in Mumbai, which delivered leading-edge work for Global Markets in London, New York, and elsewhere. Environment Alongside his financial markets career, Pavan pursues long-standing interests in environmental economics and nature conservation through his work with different environmental organizations and projects. Green Accounting for Indian States Project Pavan is the Founder-Director of the Green Accounting for Indian States Project, an initiative of the Green Indian States Trust (GIST) to set up an economic valuation and national accounting framework to measure sustainability at the State level for India, including the hitherto ignored but significant economic externalities from sectors such as forestry, agriculture, fresh water, health, and education. Conservation Action Trust Pavan is the Co-founder and Chairperson for the first six years of Conservation Action Trust, an Indian NGO dedicated to achieving ecological sustainability for India by originating and proving model conservation projects, by educating and lobbying decision-makers and the public about the importance of forests for our water and food security, and when all else fails, through public interest litigation. The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity Pavan was appointed by Germany's Environment Minister Gabriel and EU Environment Commissioner Dimas as the Study Leader for their G8+5 study on The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB). TEEB's Interim Report (2008), was welcomed globally for its fresh economic outlook, for demonstrating the economic significance of the loss of nature's services, and for connecting the economics of biodiversity and ecosystems with ethics, equity, and the alleviation of poverty. The Interim Report of TEEB was presented at the Ministerial session at COP-9 of the Convention of Biological Diversity (Bonn, 2008) and the final reports (a series of five solution-oriented studies) were presented at CBD Cop-10 (Nagoya, 2010). These reports have gained considerable currency with governments in both developing and developed nations, with business leaders, and with conservation NGO's. Later, in 2011, as part of his activities as the McCluskey Fellow, 2011, Pavan designed and delivered a 25-lecture, full 3-credits, post-graduate course on TEEB at Yale's School of Forestry & Environmental Studies. Green Economy Initiative UNEP appointed Pavan to lead its major initiative to demonstrate that the greening of economies is not a burden on growth but rather a new engine for growth, a source of new employment, and a means to poverty alleviation. The final report Towards a Green Economy of the Green Economy Initiative was presented at UNEP's general Council meeting at Nairobi, February 2011. Pavan continues to support this initiative as a UNEP Goodwill Ambassador. World Economic Forum Pavan chaired the Global Agenda Council on Biodiversity and Ecosystems for the World Economic Forum (2009-2011) to evaluate the problems of ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss in the context of global risks and global co-operation. He speaks at the Forum's annual meetings at Davos. Corporation 2020 Pavan launched a global campaign called "Corporation 2020" at the Rio+20 conference in 2012. This campaign focusses global attention on the challenge of re-designing the Corporation through critical changes in four key areas of corporate performance (reporting, leverage, advertising, and taxation) to deliver a ‘green economy' from the micro-level upwards in order to achieve the goals of sustainable development. 2017 President of World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) International From 2017 he is president of the World Wide Fund for Nature and succeeded Yolanda Kakabadse in this position. His first term is about to end 2021. Honours and awards Selected "Personality of the Year" for 2010 by "Environmental Finance" Awarded a Medal in 2011 for his outstanding contribution to biodiversity conservation by Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (IEEM) Appointed as "Dorothy McCluskey Fellow" for 2011 by Yale University. Previous McCluskey Fellows include Dr. Rajendra Pachauri & the late Dr. Wangari Maathai Appointed "UNEP Goodwill Ambassador" in 2012 Recipient of the Gothenburg Award for Sustainable Development, in recognition for his work in the area of ‘Nature's services and ingenious solutions. Previous awardees include Al Gore & Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland Recipient of the 2015 Bernhard Grzimek Prize for demonstrating that "eco-friendly development, far from being an obstacle to growth, is a driving force for growing prosperity, job creation and poverty reduction." Recipient of the Blue Planet Prize in 2016, awarded by Asahi Glass Foundation for outstanding achievements in scientific research and its application to solve global environmental problems. Recipient of the Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement in 2020, awarded by Tyler Foundation for Sukhdev's groundbreaking 2008 report The Economics of Environment and Biodiversity (TEEB). Board memberships Current board positions Worldwide Fund for Nature, WWF International, President, and Board Chair Past board positions TEEB for Business Coalition Ltd, (Deputy Chairman) Human Development Report (HDR), UNDP (HDR Advisory Panel Member) Bombay Environmental Action Group (BEAG) (Board Member) Conservation Action Trust (CAT) (Chairman) Green Indian States Trust, Chennai (Founding Trustee) TEEB Advisory Board, Geneva (Board Member) Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm (Board Member) Conservation International, Washington (Board Member) Global Reporting Initiative, Amsterdam (Board Member) Gulbenkian Oceans Initiative, Lisbon (Chairman, Advisory Board) Publications and articles Books Corporation 2020: Transforming Business For Tomorrow's World. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012. "Why Corporation 2020? The Case for a New Corporation in the Next Decade." Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012. Co-author of TEEB, "The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity: Ecological and Economic Foundations." Earthscan, London, and Washington (2010): 456. Publications Sukhdev, P., Wittmer, H., and Miller, D. (2014), ‘The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB): Challenges and Responses' Sukhdev, Pavan. "Transforming the Corporation into a Driver of Sustainability" State of the World 2013. Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2013. 143-153. Towards a Green Economy: Pathways to Sustainable Development & Poverty Eradication – A Synthesis for Policy-Makers, Lead author, UNEP, 2011. Sukhdev, P., et al. "Mainstreaming the Economics of Nature: A synthesis of the approach, conclusions, and recommendations of TEEB" The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (2010). The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (2010) TEEB Report for Business (2010), Co-author, UNEP-TEEB, July 2010 The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (2009) TEEB for National and International Policy Makers (2009), Co-author, UNEP-TEEB, November 2009 India's Financial Sector - An Assessment (Volume III – Advisory Panel on Financial Stability and Stress Testing), Co-author. Reserve Bank of India, March 2009. The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity – Interim Report, lead author, May 2008, The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity, European Communities, 2008 Environmental Accounting - Explorations in Methodology, Eds. Amitabh Kundu & Michael von Hauff, MANAK Publications, 2008. Co-author of two chapters: "Green Accounting Methodology for India and its States" and "Green Accounting for Forest Resources in India and its States". Accounting for Freshwater Quality in India, co-author, Green Accounting for Indian States Project, Monograph 8, TERI Press, September 2007 Estimating the Value of Educational Capital Formation in India, co-author, Green Accounting for Indian States Project, Monograph 5, TERI Press, June 2007 The Value of Biodiversity in India's Forests, co-author, Green Accounting for Indian States Project, Monograph 4, TERI Press, December 2006 Natural resource accounting for Indian States – Illustrating the case of forest resources, co-author. Ecological Economics, 2007, vol. 61, issue 4, pages 635-649 Accounting for the Ecological Services of India's Forests – Soil Conservation, Water Augmentation, and Flood Prevention, co-author, Green Accounting for Indian States Project, Monograph 7, TERI Press, April 2006 Estimating the Value of Agricultural Cropland and Pasture land in India, co-author, Green Accounting for Indian States Project, Monograph 2, TERI Press, December 2005 The Value of Timber, Carbon, Fuelwood, and Non-Timber Forest Products in India's Forests, co-author, Green Accounting for Indian States Project, Monograph 1, TERI Press, January 2005 Interest Rate Risk and Derivatives, author of a chapter on The Future of India's Debt Market (Ed. G. Bhardwaj, Tata McGraw-Hill Series, 1998) Report of the Expert Group on Foreign Exchange Markets, (Reserve Bank of India, June 1995). Co-author of the Report and member of the Expert Group, headed by Executive Director of RBI, O.P. Sodhani. This "Sodhani Committee" Report is widely regarded as an enlightened blueprint for the development of India's foreign exchange market. Articles His articles include two opinion pieces for Nature (2009 and 2012), several blogs for The Guardian, and an opinion piece for The Economist Debate. From 2000, he has also written frequently for several Indian newspapers and magazines (Economic Times, Indian Express, Sanctuary) to popularize the concept of "Green GDP" in India, measuring holistic economic growth as against measuring increasing production and ‘GDP growth' as a yardstick of progress. References External links Living people 1960 births 20th-century Indian economists Environmental economists Alumni of University College, Oxford

<mask> is an Indian environmental economist whose field of studies include green economy and international finance. He was the Special Adviser and Head of UNEP's Green Economy Initiative, a major UN project suite to demonstrate that greening of economies is not a burden on growth but rather a new engine for growing wealth, increasing decent employment, and reducing persistent poverty. <mask> was also the Study Leader for the ground breaking TEEB (The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity) study commissioned by G8+5 and hosted by UNEP. Under his leadership, TEEB sized the global problem of biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation in economic and human welfare terms, and proposed solutions targeted at policy-makers, administrators, businesses and citizens. TEEB presented its widely acclaimed Final Report suite at the UN meeting by Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in Nagoya (Nagoya Protocol), Japan. He is the Founder-CEO of GIST Advisory, a specialist consulting firm which helps governments and corporations discover, measure, value, and manage their impacts on natural and human capital. In recognition of his continuing work in helping governments and corporations transition towards a Green Economy, UNEP appointed <mask> as the UNEP Goodwill Ambassador in the year 2012.He was also selected as the "Personality of the Year" by, Environmental Finance in the year 2010. The Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (IEEM) have awarded Pavan their 2011 Medal. <mask> was a Visiting Fellow at Yale University from 2011 to 2014, where he was awarded the McCluskey Fellowship. Whilst at Yale, he wrote the book "Corporation 2020" which envisions tomorrow's corporation, and shows how corporations and society can and should work together to achieve common goals and build a green economy. He has chaired the World Economic Forum's "Global Agenda Council" on Ecosystems and Biodiversity (2009–2011) and was a speaker at Davos in 2010 and 2011. He currently serves on the boards of Conservation International, Global Reporting Initiative, TEEB for Business Coalition, Gulbenkian Oceans Initiative, and the Stockholm Resilience Centre. Since 2017, he is the president of the World Wide Fund for Nature.Career Education <mask> <mask> has studied in private international school Collège du Léman. He graduated with a degree in physics from University College, Oxford. Financial markets An international banker, <mask> was deeply involved in the evolution of India's currency, interest rate and derivatives markets in the mid-nineties, working with India's regulators and market participants. He has been a member of several Reserve Bank of India (RBI) committees for the development of India's financial markets, including the Sodhani Committee on Foreign Exchange Markets. In 1997 <mask> co-founded FIMMDA (Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association of India), India's professional association for fixed income markets, money markets and derivatives. He championed the introduction of Overnight indexed swap (OIS) into India, which is currently India's most liquid traded interest rate swap instrument. He worked with Deutsche Bank for 14 years and then took a sabbatical to lead two major environmental projects, TEEB (The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity) and UNEP's Green Economy Initiative.While at Deutsche Bank in India, <mask> founded and later chaired GMC (Global Markets Centre) in Mumbai. 1983–1994: Pavan worked with the Australia and New Zealand Banking Group for eleven years (1983 -1994) both in India and in London, in various financial markets trading, sales, structuring, and management roles. 1994–1998: <mask> joined Deutsche Bank to head their Global Markets division in India, which he built into a leading fixed income business for the bank in India. 1998–1999: <mask> was appointed Chief Operating Officer for Deutsche Bank's Asian Global Markets business based in Singapore, overseeing the Asian regional integration in 1999 of Bankers Trust and Deutsche Bank for his division, Global Markets Asia. 1999–2003: <mask> headed Money Markets for Global Markets Asia, and then for Global Markets Asia-Pacific (including Japan and Australia). 2003–2005: He moved to Deutsche Bank London as Chief Operating Officer for the Bank's Global Emerging Markets division, which covers all global markets business in Latin America, Eastern Europe, and Asia. 2005–2006: When his division Global Markets merged with Global Equities in 2005, he transitioned to Global Markets Central Management in London to run a Business process reengineering (BPR) project for the new combined division, which in turn resulted in his ‘front-office off-shoring' initiative.2006–2008: He founded and later chaired GMC Mumbai (Global Markets Centre, Mumbai), the division's global front-office off-shoring vehicle in Mumbai, which delivered leading-edge work for Global Markets in London, New York, and elsewhere. Environment Alongside his financial markets career, Pavan pursues long-standing interests in environmental economics and nature conservation through his work with different environmental organizations and projects. Green Accounting for Indian States Project Pavan is the Founder-Director of the Green Accounting for Indian States Project, an initiative of the Green Indian States Trust (GIST) to set up an economic valuation and national accounting framework to measure sustainability at the State level for India, including the hitherto ignored but significant economic externalities from sectors such as forestry, agriculture, fresh water, health, and education. Conservation Action Trust Pavan is the Co-founder and Chairperson for the first six years of Conservation Action Trust, an Indian NGO dedicated to achieving ecological sustainability for India by originating and proving model conservation projects, by educating and lobbying decision-makers and the public about the importance of forests for our water and food security, and when all else fails, through public interest litigation. The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity Pavan was appointed by Germany's Environment Minister Gabriel and EU Environment Commissioner Dimas as the Study Leader for their G8+5 study on The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB). TEEB's Interim Report (2008), was welcomed globally for its fresh economic outlook, for demonstrating the economic significance of the loss of nature's services, and for connecting the economics of biodiversity and ecosystems with ethics, equity, and the alleviation of poverty. The Interim Report of TEEB was presented at the Ministerial session at COP-9 of the Convention of Biological Diversity (Bonn, 2008) and the final reports (a series of five solution-oriented studies) were presented at CBD Cop-10 (Nagoya, 2010).These reports have gained considerable currency with governments in both developing and developed nations, with business leaders, and with conservation NGO's. Later, in 2011, as part of his activities as the McCluskey Fellow, 2011, <mask> designed and delivered a 25-lecture, full 3-credits, post-graduate course on TEEB at Yale's School of Forestry & Environmental Studies. Green Economy Initiative UNEP appointed <mask> to lead its major initiative to demonstrate that the greening of economies is not a burden on growth but rather a new engine for growth, a source of new employment, and a means to poverty alleviation. The final report Towards a Green Economy of the Green Economy Initiative was presented at UNEP's general Council meeting at Nairobi, February 2011. <mask> continues to support this initiative as a UNEP Goodwill Ambassador. World Economic Forum Pavan chaired the Global Agenda Council on Biodiversity and Ecosystems for the World Economic Forum (2009-2011) to evaluate the problems of ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss in the context of global risks and global co-operation. He speaks at the Forum's annual meetings at Davos.Corporation 2020 Pavan launched a global campaign called "Corporation 2020" at the Rio+20 conference in 2012. This campaign focusses global attention on the challenge of re-designing the Corporation through critical changes in four key areas of corporate performance (reporting, leverage, advertising, and taxation) to deliver a ‘green economy' from the micro-level upwards in order to achieve the goals of sustainable development. 2017 President of World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) International From 2017 he is president of the World Wide Fund for Nature and succeeded Yolanda Kakabadse in this position. His first term is about to end 2021. Honours and awards Selected "Personality of the Year" for 2010 by "Environmental Finance" Awarded a Medal in 2011 for his outstanding contribution to biodiversity conservation by Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (IEEM) Appointed as "Dorothy McCluskey Fellow" for 2011 by Yale University. Previous McCluskey Fellows include Dr. Rajendra Pachauri & the late Dr. Wangari Maathai Appointed "UNEP Goodwill Ambassador" in 2012 Recipient of the Gothenburg Award for Sustainable Development, in recognition for his work in the area of ‘Nature's services and ingenious solutions. Previous awardees include Al Gore & Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland Recipient of the 2015 Bernhard Grzimek Prize for demonstrating that "eco-friendly development, far from being an obstacle to growth, is a driving force for growing prosperity, job creation and poverty reduction."Recipient of the Blue Planet Prize in 2016, awarded by Asahi Glass Foundation for outstanding achievements in scientific research and its application to solve global environmental problems. Recipient of the Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement in 2020, awarded by Tyler Foundation for Sukhdev's groundbreaking 2008 report The Economics of Environment and Biodiversity (TEEB). Board memberships Current board positions Worldwide Fund for Nature, WWF International, President, and Board Chair Past board positions TEEB for Business Coalition Ltd, (Deputy Chairman) Human Development Report (HDR), UNDP (HDR Advisory Panel Member) Bombay Environmental Action Group (BEAG) (Board Member) Conservation Action Trust (CAT) (Chairman) Green Indian States Trust, Chennai (Founding Trustee) TEEB Advisory Board, Geneva (Board Member) Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm (Board Member) Conservation International, Washington (Board Member) Global Reporting Initiative, Amsterdam (Board Member) Gulbenkian Oceans Initiative, Lisbon (Chairman, Advisory Board) Publications and articles Books Corporation 2020: Transforming Business For Tomorrow's World. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012. "Why Corporation 2020? The Case for a New Corporation in the Next Decade." Washington, DC: Island Press, 2012.Co-author of TEEB, "The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity: Ecological and Economic Foundations." Earthscan, London, and Washington (2010): 456. Publications Sukhdev, P., Wittmer, H., and Miller, D. (2014), ‘The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB): Challenges and Responses' Sukhdev, Pavan. "Transforming the Corporation into a Driver of Sustainability" State of the World 2013. Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2013. 143-153. Towards a Green Economy: Pathways to Sustainable Development & Poverty Eradication – A Synthesis for Policy-Makers, Lead author, UNEP, 2011.<mask>, P., et al. "Mainstreaming the Economics of Nature: A synthesis of the approach, conclusions, and recommendations of TEEB" The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (2010). The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (2010) TEEB Report for Business (2010), Co-author, UNEP-TEEB, July 2010 The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (2009) TEEB for National and International Policy Makers (2009), Co-author, UNEP-TEEB, November 2009 India's Financial Sector - An Assessment (Volume III – Advisory Panel on Financial Stability and Stress Testing), Co-author. Reserve Bank of India, March 2009. The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity – Interim Report, lead author, May 2008, The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity, European Communities, 2008 Environmental Accounting - Explorations in Methodology, Eds. Amitabh Kundu & Michael von Hauff, MANAK Publications, 2008. Co-author of two chapters: "Green Accounting Methodology for India and its States" and "Green Accounting for Forest Resources in India and its States".Accounting for Freshwater Quality in India, co-author, Green Accounting for Indian States Project, Monograph 8, TERI Press, September 2007 Estimating the Value of Educational Capital Formation in India, co-author, Green Accounting for Indian States Project, Monograph 5, TERI Press, June 2007 The Value of Biodiversity in India's Forests, co-author, Green Accounting for Indian States Project, Monograph 4, TERI Press, December 2006 Natural resource accounting for Indian States – Illustrating the case of forest resources, co-author. Ecological Economics, 2007, vol. 61, issue 4, pages 635-649 Accounting for the Ecological Services of India's Forests – Soil Conservation, Water Augmentation, and Flood Prevention, co-author, Green Accounting for Indian States Project, Monograph 7, TERI Press, April 2006 Estimating the Value of Agricultural Cropland and Pasture land in India, co-author, Green Accounting for Indian States Project, Monograph 2, TERI Press, December 2005 The Value of Timber, Carbon, Fuelwood, and Non-Timber Forest Products in India's Forests, co-author, Green Accounting for Indian States Project, Monograph 1, TERI Press, January 2005 Interest Rate Risk and Derivatives, author of a chapter on The Future of India's Debt Market (Ed. G. Bhardwaj, Tata McGraw-Hill Series, 1998) Report of the Expert Group on Foreign Exchange Markets, (Reserve Bank of India, June 1995). Co-author of the Report and member of the Expert Group, headed by Executive Director of RBI, O.P. Sodhani. This "Sodhani Committee" Report is widely regarded as an enlightened blueprint for the development of India's foreign exchange market.Articles His articles include two opinion pieces for Nature (2009 and 2012), several blogs for The Guardian, and an opinion piece for The Economist Debate. From 2000, he has also written frequently for several Indian newspapers and magazines (Economic Times, Indian Express, Sanctuary) to popularize the concept of "Green GDP" in India, measuring holistic economic growth as against measuring increasing production and ‘GDP growth' as a yardstick of progress. References External links Living people 1960 births 20th-century Indian economists Environmental economists Alumni of University College, Oxford

A green economy and international finance expert is an Indian. He was the Special Adviser and Head of UNEP's Green Economy Initiative, a major UN project suite to demonstrate that greening of economies is not a burden on growth but rather a new engine for growing wealth, increasing decent employment, and reducing persistent poverty. The study was commissioned by G8+5 and hosted by UNEP. Under his leadership, the global problem of biodiversity loss and degradation in economic and human welfare was sized and proposed solutions targeted at policy-makers, administrators, businesses and citizens. The Final Report suite was presented at the UN meeting in Nagoya. He is the founder-CEO of a consulting firm that helps governments and corporations discover, measure, value, and manage their impacts on natural and human capital. <mask> was appointed as the UNEP Goodwill Ambassador in 2012 in recognition of his work in helping governments and corporations transition towards a Green Economy.He was selected as thePersonality of the Year by Environmental Finance. <mask> has been awarded a medal by the Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management. <mask> was a Visiting Fellow at Yale University from 2011 to 2014. He wrote the book "Corporation 2020" which shows how corporations and society can work together to achieve common goals and build a green economy. He was a speaker at the World Economic Forum in 2010 and 2011. He serves on the boards of several organizations. He is the president of the World Wide Fund for Nature.There is a private international school for career education. He graduated with a degree in physics. In the mid-nineties, <mask> was deeply involved in the evolution of India's currency, interest rate and derivatives markets. He is a member of the Sodhani Committee on Foreign Exchange Markets of the Reserve Bank of India. India's professional association for fixed income markets, money markets and derivatives was founded in 1997 by <mask>. India is the most liquid traded interest rate swap instrument in the world. After 14 years withDeutsche Bank, he took a sabbatical to lead two major environmental projects.The Global Markets Centre in Mumbai was founded and chaired by <mask>. In 1983–1994, <mask> worked for the Australia and New Zealand Banking Group in India and in London in various financial markets trading, sales, structuring, and management roles. <mask> joinedDeutsche Bank to head their Global Markets division in India, which he built into a leading fixed income business for the bank in India. <mask> was appointed Chief Operating Officer for the Asian Global Markets business based in Singapore in 1999 and oversaw the integration of Bankers Trust andDeutsche Bank for his division, Global Markets Asia. Money Markets for Global Markets Asia and Global Markets Asia-Pacific were headed by <mask>. He was Chief Operating Officer for the Bank's Global Emerging Markets division, which covers all global markets business in Latin America, Eastern Europe, and Asia. When his division Global Markets merged with Global Equities in 2005, he transitioned to Global Markets Central Management in London to run a Business process reengineering project for the new combined division.He founded and chaired the Global Markets Centre in Mumbai, an off-shoring vehicle that delivered leading-edge work for Global Markets in London, New York, and elsewhere. Pavan pursues his long-standing interests in environmental economics and nature conservativism through his work with different environmental organizations and projects. <mask> is the founder-director of the Green Accounting for Indian States Project, an initiative of the Green Indian States Trust to set up an economic valuation and national accounting framework to measuresustainability at the State level for India. The co- founder and chairperson of the first six years of the Conservation Action Trust is <mask>, who is focused on educating and lobbying decision-makers and the public about the importance of forests for our water. The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity Pavan was appointed by Germany's Environment Minister Gabriel and EU Environment Commissioner Dimas as the Study Leader for their G8+5 study on The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity. For demonstrating the economic significance of the loss of nature's services, and for connecting the economics of biodiversity and ecosystems with ethics, equity, and the alleviation of poverty, the Interim Report was welcomed globally. The interim report was presented at the COP-9 of the Convention of Biological Diversity and the final reports were presented at theCBD Cop 10.The reports have gained a lot of currency with governments in both developed and developing nations. Pavan designed and delivered a 25-lecture, full 3-credits, post-graduate course on TEEB at Yale in 2011. The Green Economy Initiative UNEP appointed <mask> to lead its major initiative to demonstrate that the greening of economies is not a burden on growth but rather a new engine for growth, a source of new employment, and a means to poverty reduction. The final report Towards a Green Economy of the Green Economy Initiative was presented at UNEP's general Council meeting in February 2011. Pavan is a UNEP Goodwill Ambassador. In the context of global risks and global co-operation, the World Economic Forum Pavan chaired the Global Agenda Council on Biodiversity and Ecosystems for the World Economic Forum. He is speaking at the Forum's annual meetings.At the Rio+20 conference in 2012 a global campaign called "Corporation 2020" was launched. The challenge of re-designing the Corporation through critical changes in four key areas of corporate performance is the focus of this campaign. He took the position of president of the World Wide Fund for Nature in 2017. His first term ends in 2021. Selected "Personality of the Year" for 2010 by "Environmental Finance" and awarded a medal for his outstanding contribution to biodiversity conservativism by the Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management. The late Dr. Wangari Maathai was Appointed "UNEP Goodwill Ambassador" in 2012 in recognition of his work in the area of "Nature's services and ingenious solutions." The previous awardees include Al Gore and Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland, who received the 2015 Bernhard Grzimek Prize for demonstrating that eco-friendly development, far from being an obstacle to growth, is a driving force for growing prosperity, job creation and poverty reduction.Recipient of the Blue Planet Prize in 2016 for outstanding achievements in scientific research and its application to solve global environmental problems. The Economics of Environment and Biodiversity was awarded the Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement in 2020. Board memberships include the Worldwide Fund for Nature, WWF International, President, and Board Chair. Island Press is in Washington, DC. Why Corporation 2020? There is a case for a new corporation. Island Press is in Washington, DC.Co-author of "The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity: Ecological and Economic Foundations." The Earthscan, London, and Washington were published in 2010. Wittmer, H., and Miller, D. published "The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity: Challenges and Responses." The State of the World is about transforming the corporation into a driver of sustainable development. The Center for Resource Economics was published by Island Press. 142-153. A Synthesis for Policy-Makers is the lead author of Towards a Green Economy.P., et al. "Mainstreaming the Economics of Nature: A synthesis of the approach, conclusions, and recommendations of TEEB" The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity is a report by the UNEP-TEEB. The Reserve Bank of India is located in India. The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity is an interim report that was written in May 2008. MANAK Publications was published by Michael von Hauff and Amitabh Kundu. Two chapters are "Green Accounting Methodology for India and its States" and "Green Accounting for Forest Resources in India and its States".Estimating the Value of Educational Capital Formation in India is a co-author of Green Accounting for Indian States Project. Ecological Economics was published in 2007. Accounting for the Ecological Services of India's Forests is part of the Green Accounting for Indian States Project. The report of the Expert Group on Foreign Exchange Markets was published by the Reserve Bank of India. The Executive Director of the Reserve Bank of India is a member of the Expert Group. Sodhani. The "Sodhani Committee" Report is seen as an enlightened blueprint for the development of India's foreign exchange market.His articles include an opinion piece for Nature and an opinion piece for The Economist Debate. He wrote frequently for several Indian newspapers and magazines from 2000 to 2000 to popularize the concept of "Green GDP" in India, measuring economic growth against production and GDP growth as a measure of progress. References External links Living people 1960 births 20th-century Indian economists Environmental economists Alumni of University College, Oxford

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Hazzard

David Hazzard

David Hazzard (May 18, 1781 – July 8, 1864) was an American merchant and politician from Milton, in Sussex County, Delaware. He was a member of the Democratic-Republican Party, then the National Republican Party, and finally the Whig Party. He served in the Delaware General Assembly, as Governor of Delaware, and as an Associate Justice of the Delaware Superior Court. Early life and family Hazzard was born at Broadkill Neck in Sussex County, near Milton, the only son of John and Mary Purnell Houston Hazzard. The family descended from the 17th century English immigrant, Croad Hazzard. John Hazzard was said to have helped ferry the Continental Army across the Delaware River the night before the Battle of Trenton in 1776. He later started a store in Milton. David Hazzard married Elizabeth Collins, sister of Governor John Collins on July 12, 1804, and they had five children, Ann, Maria, John Alexander, William Asbury, and David. They lived at 327 Union Street in Milton in a home built in the late 18th century. It is now a bed and breakfast. They were members of the Goshen Methodist Church when it was located on Chestnut Street in Milton. Professional and political career Hazzard was appointed a lieutenant of Delaware militia on October 14, 1807, but resigned May 28, 1808. On July 4, 1812, with the coming of the War of 1812, Hazzard was appointed an ensign in the Grenadiers attached to Captain Peter T. Wright's First Company of the 8th Regiment of Delaware militia. It was primarily occupied in strengthening the defenses of Lewes, Delaware, and took an active role in its defense in April 1813. It never fought outside Delaware. On April 4, 1814, he was commissioned a Captain. All the while Hazzard was running the family mercantile business in Milton, which now included a granary. Hazzard was a member of the Jeffersonian Democratic-Republican Party, a minority in Delaware, and particularly in Sussex County. He first gained an appointment as justice of the peace and served from 1812 until 1817. In 1823 he sought election as governor, but lost to Samuel Paynter, the Federalist candidate. He ran again in 1826, and lost, this time to Federalist candidate, Charles Polk, Jr. With the realignment of parties that occurred following that election, Hazzard became an Adams-Clay supporter, much more in line with the majority in Delaware. Accordingly, he won the 1829 election for governor, running as a member of Henry Clay's National Republican Party. He defeated the Jacksonian Democratic Party candidate, Allen Thompson of Wilmington, and served one term from January 19, 1830 until January 15, 1833. A large Anti-Jacksonian majority was also elected to the Delaware General Assembly. This was a period of great growth and change in Delaware. The new School Law of 1829, called for the creation of school districts in each hundred throughout the state, with small schools placed within two miles of every student. There was some state funding, but the expectation was the localities would supplement it. Many did not. Roads and bridges were improved, and wooden rails were laid on the old New Castle & Frenchtown Turnpike, making it the New Castle & Frenchtown Railroad. It was one of the first railroads in the country and the quickest route of the day from Baltimore to Philadelphia. A new state constitution was adopted in 1831. This document provided for elections in November, biannual sessions of the Delaware General Assembly, four-year terms for governors and state senators, and two-year terms for state representatives. governors were not allowed to succeed themselves. The judicial system was changed as well, reducing the number of judges from nine to five: a chancellor, a chief justice, and three associate justices. A new charter was written for the City of Wilmington, and it elected its first mayor, Richard H. Bayard. Hazzard was the last governor to serve under the Constitution of 1792. 1831 was also the year of Nat Turner's rebellion in Virginia. This event triggered rumors of other slave revolts, including one in Seaford, Delaware. While there were only about 3,000 slaves in Delaware, there were 16,000 free African-Americans, and the scare resulted in An Act to Prevent the Use of Firearms by Free Negroes and Free Mulattoes. This legislation was encouraged by Hazzard and prohibited the entry into the state of additional free African-Americans, possession of guns without special authorization, unsupervised late night meetings, or unlicensed, itinerant African-American preachers. Later Hazzard served one term in the Delaware Senate during the 1835/36 and 1837/38 sessions, and on December 10, 1844 became an Associate Justice of the Delaware Superior Court. He was the only person to have been appointed to a position on the Superior Court without a formal legal education. He was also a member of the 1852 State Constitutional Convention, but resigned protesting the manner in which the delegates were selected. The document prepared by this convention was ultimately rejected when put to a popular vote, because it kept each county's representation equal, thereby giving too little representation to New Castle County. Death and legacy Hazzard died at Milton, and is buried there in the Methodist Episcopal Cemetery. In Milton there is a marker erected in his memory on Governor's Walk along the Broadkill River. Hazzard's son, John Alexander Hazzard served in the Delaware Senate from 1855 through 1858, and another son, David, was a veteran of the Civil War. Hazzard was an active member of the Methodist Church and as such was a lifelong advocate for social reforms such as the elimination of Delaware's antiquated system of imprisonment for debt. While not a slave holder himself, he concurred with his Sussex County neighbors in defending the property rights of slaveholders and, most importantly, in the rights of individual states to decide for themselves upon questions of the future of slavery. Recognizing the future risk to the union in the resolution of this question, he like most people in Delaware dismissed the possibility of leaving it, saying: "As the people of this state were the first to adopt the present government, they will be the last to abandon it." The Hazzard House at Milton was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. Almanac Elections were held the first Tuesday of October until 1831, and since they have been held on the first Tuesday after November 1. Members of the Delaware General Assembly took office on the first Tuesday of January. The governor took office the third Tuesday of January and had a three-year term. Since 1831, state senators have had a four-year term. Notes References Images Hall of Governors Portrait Gallery Portrait courtesy of Historical and Cultural Affairs, Dover External links Delaware Public Archives: Governor David Hazzard Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States Delaware's Governors Find a Grave The Political Graveyard 1781 births 1864 deaths American people of English descent American Methodists People from Milton, Delaware Delaware Democratic-Republicans Delaware Whigs 19th-century American politicians Delaware state senators Governors of Delaware Associate Judges of Delaware Burials in Sussex County, Delaware Delaware National Republicans National Republican Party state governors of the United States 19th-century American judges

<mask> (May 18, 1781 – July 8, 1864) was an American merchant and politician from Milton, in Sussex County, Delaware. He was a member of the Democratic-Republican Party, then the National Republican Party, and finally the Whig Party. He served in the Delaware General Assembly, as Governor of Delaware, and as an Associate Justice of the Delaware Superior Court. Early life and family <mask> was born at Broadkill Neck in Sussex County, near Milton, the only son of John and <mask>. The family descended from the 17th century English immigrant, <mask>. <mask> was said to have helped ferry the Continental Army across the Delaware River the night before the Battle of Trenton in 1776. He later started a store in Milton.<mask> married Elizabeth Collins, sister of Governor John Collins on July 12, 1804, and they had five children, Ann, Maria, John Alexander, William Asbury, and <mask>. They lived at 327 Union Street in Milton in a home built in the late 18th century. It is now a bed and breakfast. They were members of the Goshen Methodist Church when it was located on Chestnut Street in Milton. Professional and political career Hazzard was appointed a lieutenant of Delaware militia on October 14, 1807, but resigned May 28, 1808. On July 4, 1812, with the coming of the War of 1812, Hazzard was appointed an ensign in the Grenadiers attached to Captain Peter T. Wright's First Company of the 8th Regiment of Delaware militia. It was primarily occupied in strengthening the defenses of Lewes, Delaware, and took an active role in its defense in April 1813.It never fought outside Delaware. On April 4, 1814, he was commissioned a Captain. All the while Hazzard was running the family mercantile business in Milton, which now included a granary. Hazzard was a member of the Jeffersonian Democratic-Republican Party, a minority in Delaware, and particularly in Sussex County. He first gained an appointment as justice of the peace and served from 1812 until 1817. In 1823 he sought election as governor, but lost to Samuel Paynter, the Federalist candidate. He ran again in 1826, and lost, this time to Federalist candidate, Charles Polk, Jr. With the realignment of parties that occurred following that election, Hazzard became an Adams-Clay supporter, much more in line with the majority in Delaware.Accordingly, he won the 1829 election for governor, running as a member of Henry Clay's National Republican Party. He defeated the Jacksonian Democratic Party candidate, Allen Thompson of Wilmington, and served one term from January 19, 1830 until January 15, 1833. A large Anti-Jacksonian majority was also elected to the Delaware General Assembly. This was a period of great growth and change in Delaware. The new School Law of 1829, called for the creation of school districts in each hundred throughout the state, with small schools placed within two miles of every student. There was some state funding, but the expectation was the localities would supplement it. Many did not.Roads and bridges were improved, and wooden rails were laid on the old New Castle & Frenchtown Turnpike, making it the New Castle & Frenchtown Railroad. It was one of the first railroads in the country and the quickest route of the day from Baltimore to Philadelphia. A new state constitution was adopted in 1831. This document provided for elections in November, biannual sessions of the Delaware General Assembly, four-year terms for governors and state senators, and two-year terms for state representatives. governors were not allowed to succeed themselves. The judicial system was changed as well, reducing the number of judges from nine to five: a chancellor, a chief justice, and three associate justices. A new charter was written for the City of Wilmington, and it elected its first mayor, Richard H. Bayard.<mask> was the last governor to serve under the Constitution of 1792. 1831 was also the year of Nat Turner's rebellion in Virginia. This event triggered rumors of other slave revolts, including one in Seaford, Delaware. While there were only about 3,000 slaves in Delaware, there were 16,000 free African-Americans, and the scare resulted in An Act to Prevent the Use of Firearms by Free Negroes and Free Mulattoes. This legislation was encouraged by Hazzard and prohibited the entry into the state of additional free African-Americans, possession of guns without special authorization, unsupervised late night meetings, or unlicensed, itinerant African-American preachers. Later Hazzard served one term in the Delaware Senate during the 1835/36 and 1837/38 sessions, and on December 10, 1844 became an Associate Justice of the Delaware Superior Court. He was the only person to have been appointed to a position on the Superior Court without a formal legal education.He was also a member of the 1852 State Constitutional Convention, but resigned protesting the manner in which the delegates were selected. The document prepared by this convention was ultimately rejected when put to a popular vote, because it kept each county's representation equal, thereby giving too little representation to New Castle County. Death and legacy Hazzard died at Milton, and is buried there in the Methodist Episcopal Cemetery. In Milton there is a marker erected in his memory on Governor's Walk along the Broadkill River. Hazzard's son, John Alexander Hazzard served in the Delaware Senate from 1855 through 1858, and another son, <mask>, was a veteran of the Civil War. Hazzard was an active member of the Methodist Church and as such was a lifelong advocate for social reforms such as the elimination of Delaware's antiquated system of imprisonment for debt. While not a slave holder himself, he concurred with his Sussex County neighbors in defending the property rights of slaveholders and, most importantly, in the rights of individual states to decide for themselves upon questions of the future of slavery.Recognizing the future risk to the union in the resolution of this question, he like most people in Delaware dismissed the possibility of leaving it, saying: "As the people of this state were the first to adopt the present government, they will be the last to abandon it." The Hazzard House at Milton was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. Almanac Elections were held the first Tuesday of October until 1831, and since they have been held on the first Tuesday after November 1. Members of the Delaware General Assembly took office on the first Tuesday of January. The governor took office the third Tuesday of January and had a three-year term. Since 1831, state senators have had a four-year term. Notes References Images Hall of Governors Portrait Gallery Portrait courtesy of Historical and Cultural Affairs, Dover External links Delaware Public Archives: Governor <mask> Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States Delaware's Governors Find a Grave The Political Graveyard 1781 births 1864 deaths American people of English descent American Methodists People from Milton, Delaware Delaware Democratic-Republicans Delaware Whigs 19th-century American politicians Delaware state senators Governors of Delaware Associate Judges of Delaware Burials in Sussex County, Delaware Delaware National Republicans National Republican Party state governors of the United States 19th-century American judges

<mask> was an American merchant and politician from Delaware. He was a member of several parties, including the Democratic-Republican Party, the National Republican Party, and the Whig Party. He was an Associate Justice of the Delaware Superior Court. The only son of John and <mask> was born at Broadkill Neck. The family is descended from a 17th century English immigrant. The Continental Army was said to have crossed the Delaware River the night before the Battle of Trenton. He started a store in the city.Elizabeth Collins was the sister of Governor John Collins and they had five children, Ann, Maria, John Alexander, and <mask>. The home they lived in was built in the late 18th century. It's now a bed and breakfast. They were members of the church on Chestnut Street. On October 14, 1807, Hazzard was appointed a lieutenant of the Delaware militia, but resigned on May 28, 1808. On July 4, 1812, Hazzard was appointed an ensign in the Grenadiers attached to Captain Peter T. Wright's First Company of the 8th Regiment of Delaware militia. In April 1813, it took an active role in the defense of Lewes, Delaware.It never fought outside of Delaware. He was appointed a Captain on April 4, 1814. While he was running the family business in Milton, he also had a granary. In Delaware, Hazzard was a member of the Jeffersonian Democratic-Republican Party. He served as justice of the peace from 1812 to 1817. He lost the election for governor to Samuel Paynter. In 1824, he lost to Charles Polk, Jr., but after the realignment of parties, he became an Adams-Clay supporter.He ran for governor as a member of Henry Clay's National Republican Party. He served one term after being defeated by Allen Thompson of the Jacksonian Democratic Party. The Delaware General Assembly had an Anti-Jacksonian majority elected. Delaware experienced a period of growth and change. The School Law of 1829 called for the creation of school districts in each hundred throughout the state, with small schools placed within two miles of every student. The expectation was that the localities would supplement the state funding. Many did not.The New Castle & Frenchtown Railroad was made up of wooden rails laid on the old New Castle & Frenchtown Turnpike. It was one of the first railroads in the country and the fastest route from Baltimore to Philadelphia. A new state constitution was adopted. The document provides for elections in November, biannual sessions of the Delaware General Assembly, four-year terms for governors and state senators, and two-year terms for state representatives. Governors weren't allowed to succeed themselves. The number of judges was reduced from nine to five, with a chancellor, a chief justice, and three associate justices. The first mayor of the City of Wilmington was Richard H. Bayard.The last governor to serve under the Constitution was <mask>. Nat Turner's rebellion in Virginia took place in the year 1831. Rumors of other slave revolts, including one in Delaware, were triggered by this event. An Act to prevent the use of firearms by Free Negroes and Free Mulattoes was enacted in Delaware because there were 16,000 free African-Americans and 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 The entry into the state of additional free African-Americans, possession of guns without special authorization, and unlicensed, nomadic African-American preachers were banned by this legislation. <mask> became an Associate Justice of the Delaware Superior Court on December 10, 1844, after serving one term in the Delaware Senate. He was appointed to a position on the Superior Court without a formal legal education.He resigned from the State Constitutional Convention because of the way in which the delegates were selected. When put to a popular vote, the document was rejected because it gave too little representation to New Castle County. The Methodist Episcopal Cemetery contains the grave of Death and Legacy Hazzard. There is a marker on Governor's Walk in Milton. John Alexander <mask> served in the Delaware Senate from 1855 through 1858, and another son, <mask>, was a veteran of the Civil War. The elimination of Delaware's antiquated system of imprisonment for debt was one of the social reforms that Hazzard advocated as an active member of the Methodist Church. While not a slave holder himself, he agreed with his neighbors in defending the property rights of slaveholders and, most importantly, the rights of individual states to decide for themselves upon questions of the future of slavery."As the people of this state were the first to adopt the present government, they will be the last to abandon it," he said. The National Register of Historic Places includes the Hazzard House. The first Tuesday of October until 1831 and the first Tuesday after November 1 have been when the Almanac Elections have been held. On the first Tuesday of January, members of the Delaware General Assembly took office. The governor took office on the third Tuesday of January. State senators have been in office for four years. Delaware's Governors find a grave The Political Graveyard 1781 births deaths American people of English descent

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trish%20Brown

Trish Brown

Patricia "Trish" Brown (born October 11, 1963) is a national education advocate, public relations practitioner, journalist, and entrepreneur. Brown served as the first openly lesbian school board president in the State of Michigan from 1996 to 1997 at the Wayne-Westland Community Schools. As the news editor at Associated Newspapers, Brown helped win the Excellence in Journalism award from the University Press of Michigan in 1990 and 1991. In October, 2012, Brown was awarded the Western Wayne NAACP "Great Expectations" award for her work on behalf of minorities. Brown worked as a publicist for the Osmond family, an American family music group, and helped write and produce Merrill Osmond's single America. Early life Brown was born in Windsor, Ontario on October 11, 1963 as Patricia Ann Brown. Her mother, Margaret Leslie Hardie, from Edinburgh, Scotland and her father, Robert Brown, from Rutherglen, Scotland, both immigrated to Windsor, Ontario where they met. When she was a year old, the family moved to Detroit, Michigan. Brown is a naturalized citizen of the United Statesof America. Brown was an only child in a middle-class home. She lived in Detroit until she was nine years old. While in Detroit, Brown went to Kosciusko Elementary School from kindergarten to 3rd grade and Evergreen Lutheran Elementary School for 4th grade. When Brown was nine, the family moved to Westland, MI where she attended McKee Elementary School, Nankin Mills Junior High School, and John Glenn High School. Brown attended Eastern Michigan University in 1982 and graduated in 1989. At Eastern Michigan University, Brown earned a BS in Public Relations with a minor in Industrial Technology with a concentration in Construction Management. Career Reporting Brown started her reporting career in 1988 at the Plymouth-Canton Crier newspaper in Plymouth, Michigan. In 1990, Brown left the Crier to work for Associated Newspapers in Wayne, Michigan. Associated Newspapers published the Westland Eagle, Wayne Eagle, Canton Eagle, Inkster Ledger Star, Romulus Roman, Belleville Enterprise, and the Sunday Enterprise. After 18 months of working at Associated Newspapers, Brown was named News Editor and helped win the Excellence in Journalism award from the University Press of Michigan for the Westland Eagle in 1990 and 1991. The Excellence in Journalism award was given to the best newspaper in the state. While working at Associated Newspapers, one of her reporting duties was covering the Wayne-Westland Community Schools, from which she graduated. In March 1993, she decided to leave Associated Newspapers to seek election to the Wayne-Westland Community Schools Board of Education. Wayne-Westland school board On June 10, 1993, Brown was elected to the Wayne-Westland Board of Education. At the time, the district had a $12 million budget deficit. Brown took the oath of office July 1, 1993 and was elected to serve as treasurer by her board colleagues. She also was elected treasurer by fellow board members in 1994, and in 1995 she was elected vice president of the board and in 1996, she was elected president of the school board and became the first openly lesbian school board president in the State of Michigan. While serving on the Wayne-Westland Community Schools board, Brown was also appointed to the Wayne County Elections Commission in 1994 and the Westland Local Development Finance Authority in 1995. On January 17, 1997 as the president of the board, Brown was one of seven members to vote yes to include sexual orientation among the district's anti-discrimination policies alongside race, religion, age, and physical appearance. In 1997, Brown lobbied Michigan Governor John Engler to secure an additional $100 million over 10 years in funding for the district, now known as the Wayne-Westland Equity Language. Re-election campaign In May 1997, Brown was seeking reelection to the board of education when she was attacked by several right-wing Christian groups for her sexual orientation and for voting in favor of the policy. A flyer titled "Take a Hike Dyke" was circulated throughout the community, urging voters to not vote for Brown because of her sexual orientation. Additionally, a religious decree was issued by the self-proclaimed Wayne County "Bible Court" comparing electing Brown to the position to hiring an "alcoholic to drive a school bus or a pedophile to work in a day care center". Brown lost the election by 110 votes. Shortly after Brown's term expired, the policy protecting homosexuals from harassment was removed by a 6–1 vote. 1998 election and lawsuit Brown ran for a seat on the Wayne-Westland Community Schools board one final time in the 1998 election and failed to garner many votes. At the same time, Brown filed a civil suit against the Bible Court, seeking damages "in excess of $25,000". The clerk of the Bible Court, Peter James Narsisian, issued an apology and resigned from his position in July 1997. Public relations Brown started her public relations firm, Communication Concepts, in 1993. Brown has provided services for numerous colleges, universities, school districts, state officials, members of congress, and businesses. In 2000, she served as the Osmonds' publicist and public relations strategist for their "Back On The Road Again" Tour. In 2001, Brown worked with Merrill Osmond to help write and produce the single America. Many of the proceeds went to benefit the Families of Freedom Scholarship Fund. The purpose of the fund is to "provide education assistance for postsecondary study to financially needy dependents of those people killed or permanently disabled as a result of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, and during the rescue activities relating to those attacks." Up until January 2019, Brown owned and operated TPE Multimedia, a public relations and multimedia firm. Today she is the COO of Beyorch, a Los Angeles-based Private Equity firm that caters to investment opportunities for the middle class and raises funds for businesses from $50 million up to $500 million. Brown also created The TPEPost.com, an online news magazine that reports news from Los Angeles and Detroit. The TPE entity was created when Trish Brown started the Tipping Point Education foundation in 2010. In 2012, Brown was awarded the Great Expectations Award from the Western Wayne chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Wayne County Community College District In 1993, Brown began working as a consultant for the Wayne County Community College District through her public relations firm, Communication Concepts. Throughout her contract with Wayne County Community College, Brown led these successful millage campaigns: A proposal to make the previous 1-mill proposal passed in 1992 permanent (1998). A proposal to add 1.5 mills for 10 years (2001). A proposal to extend the 2001 1.5 mill proposal until 2021 at a reduced rate of 1.25 mills (2008). A proposal to add 1 mill for 10 years to fund general operating purposes (2012). In 1999, she stopped Ford Motor Company, the UAW union, and the State of Michigan from building a technical center within the tax boundaries of the district. In late 2001, legislation was introduced that compromised the newly passed millage and would force the college to close if passed. Brown worked with Merrill Osmond, who testified before the legislature to stop lawmakers and Michigan Governor John Engler from closing the school and explained how the new funding would be beneficial to residents in the community college boundaries in Wayne County. Through millage proposal estimates and saving the 2001 millage from being removed, Brown has raised approximately $2 billion in funding for Wayne County Community College District. Personal life Brown currently resides in the Los Angeles area and formerly of the Metro Detroit area Canton, Michigan. She has two daughters with her ex-partner of 28 years. Brown and her ex-partner also had a still-born son. References External links 1963 births Living people People from Windsor, Ontario Eastern Michigan University alumni American public relations people American women journalists American educators 21st-century American women

Patricia "<mask><mask> (born October 11, 1963) is a national education advocate, public relations practitioner, journalist, and entrepreneur. <mask> served as the first openly lesbian school board president in the State of Michigan from 1996 to 1997 at the Wayne-Westland Community Schools. As the news editor at Associated Newspapers, <mask> helped win the Excellence in Journalism award from the University Press of Michigan in 1990 and 1991. In October, 2012, <mask> was awarded the Western Wayne NAACP "Great Expectations" award for her work on behalf of minorities. <mask> worked as a publicist for the Osmond family, an American family music group, and helped write and produce Merrill Osmond's single America. Early life <mask> was born in Windsor, Ontario on October 11, 1963 as <mask>. Her mother, Margaret Leslie Hardie, from Edinburgh, Scotland and her father, <mask>, from Rutherglen, Scotland, both immigrated to Windsor, Ontario where they met.When she was a year old, the family moved to Detroit, Michigan. <mask> is a naturalized citizen of the United Statesof America. <mask> was an only child in a middle-class home. She lived in Detroit until she was nine years old. While in Detroit, <mask> went to Kosciusko Elementary School from kindergarten to 3rd grade and Evergreen Lutheran Elementary School for 4th grade. When <mask> was nine, the family moved to Westland, MI where she attended McKee Elementary School, Nankin Mills Junior High School, and John Glenn High School. <mask> attended Eastern Michigan University in 1982 and graduated in 1989.At Eastern Michigan University, <mask> earned a BS in Public Relations with a minor in Industrial Technology with a concentration in Construction Management. Career Reporting <mask> started her reporting career in 1988 at the Plymouth-Canton Crier newspaper in Plymouth, Michigan. In 1990, <mask> left the Crier to work for Associated Newspapers in Wayne, Michigan. Associated Newspapers published the Westland Eagle, Wayne Eagle, Canton Eagle, Inkster Ledger Star, Romulus Roman, Belleville Enterprise, and the Sunday Enterprise. After 18 months of working at Associated Newspapers, <mask> was named News Editor and helped win the Excellence in Journalism award from the University Press of Michigan for the Westland Eagle in 1990 and 1991. The Excellence in Journalism award was given to the best newspaper in the state. While working at Associated Newspapers, one of her reporting duties was covering the Wayne-Westland Community Schools, from which she graduated.In March 1993, she decided to leave Associated Newspapers to seek election to the Wayne-Westland Community Schools Board of Education. Wayne-Westland school board On June 10, 1993, <mask> was elected to the Wayne-Westland Board of Education. At the time, the district had a $12 million budget deficit. <mask> took the oath of office July 1, 1993 and was elected to serve as treasurer by her board colleagues. She also was elected treasurer by fellow board members in 1994, and in 1995 she was elected vice president of the board and in 1996, she was elected president of the school board and became the first openly lesbian school board president in the State of Michigan. While serving on the Wayne-Westland Community Schools board, <mask> was also appointed to the Wayne County Elections Commission in 1994 and the Westland Local Development Finance Authority in 1995. On January 17, 1997 as the president of the board, <mask> was one of seven members to vote yes to include sexual orientation among the district's anti-discrimination policies alongside race, religion, age, and physical appearance.In 1997, <mask> lobbied Michigan Governor John Engler to secure an additional $100 million over 10 years in funding for the district, now known as the Wayne-Westland Equity Language. Re-election campaign In May 1997, <mask> was seeking reelection to the board of education when she was attacked by several right-wing Christian groups for her sexual orientation and for voting in favor of the policy. A flyer titled "Take a Hike Dyke" was circulated throughout the community, urging voters to not vote for <mask> because of her sexual orientation. Additionally, a religious decree was issued by the self-proclaimed Wayne County "Bible Court" comparing electing <mask> to the position to hiring an "alcoholic to drive a school bus or a pedophile to work in a day care center". <mask> lost the election by 110 votes. Shortly after <mask>'s term expired, the policy protecting homosexuals from harassment was removed by a 6–1 vote. 1998 election and lawsuit <mask> ran for a seat on the Wayne-Westland Community Schools board one final time in the 1998 election and failed to garner many votes.At the same time, <mask> filed a civil suit against the Bible Court, seeking damages "in excess of $25,000". The clerk of the Bible Court, Peter James Narsisian, issued an apology and resigned from his position in July 1997. Public relations <mask> started her public relations firm, Communication Concepts, in 1993. <mask> has provided services for numerous colleges, universities, school districts, state officials, members of congress, and businesses. In 2000, she served as the Osmonds' publicist and public relations strategist for their "Back On The Road Again" Tour. In 2001, <mask> worked with Merrill Osmond to help write and produce the single America. Many of the proceeds went to benefit the Families of Freedom Scholarship Fund.The purpose of the fund is to "provide education assistance for postsecondary study to financially needy dependents of those people killed or permanently disabled as a result of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, and during the rescue activities relating to those attacks." Up until January 2019, <mask> owned and operated TPE Multimedia, a public relations and multimedia firm. Today she is the COO of Beyorch, a Los Angeles-based Private Equity firm that caters to investment opportunities for the middle class and raises funds for businesses from $50 million up to $500 million. <mask> also created The TPEPost.com, an online news magazine that reports news from Los Angeles and Detroit. The TPE entity was created when <mask> <mask> started the Tipping Point Education foundation in 2010. In 2012, <mask> was awarded the Great Expectations Award from the Western Wayne chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Wayne County Community College District In 1993, <mask> began working as a consultant for the Wayne County Community College District through her public relations firm, Communication Concepts.Throughout her contract with Wayne County Community College, <mask> led these successful millage campaigns: A proposal to make the previous 1-mill proposal passed in 1992 permanent (1998). A proposal to add 1.5 mills for 10 years (2001). A proposal to extend the 2001 1.5 mill proposal until 2021 at a reduced rate of 1.25 mills (2008). A proposal to add 1 mill for 10 years to fund general operating purposes (2012). In 1999, she stopped Ford Motor Company, the UAW union, and the State of Michigan from building a technical center within the tax boundaries of the district. In late 2001, legislation was introduced that compromised the newly passed millage and would force the college to close if passed. <mask> worked with Merrill Osmond, who testified before the legislature to stop lawmakers and Michigan Governor John Engler from closing the school and explained how the new funding would be beneficial to residents in the community college boundaries in Wayne County.Through millage proposal estimates and saving the 2001 millage from being removed, <mask> has raised approximately $2 billion in funding for Wayne County Community College District. Personal life <mask> currently resides in the Los Angeles area and formerly of the Metro Detroit area Canton, Michigan. She has two daughters with her ex-partner of 28 years. <mask> and her ex-partner also had a still-born son. References External links 1963 births Living people People from Windsor, Ontario Eastern Michigan University alumni American public relations people American women journalists American educators 21st-century American women

"<mask>" <mask> was born on October 11, 1963, and is a national education advocate. <mask> was the first openly lesbian school board president in the State of Michigan. <mask> won the excellence in journalism award from the University Press of Michigan in 1990 and 1991, while he was the news editor at Associated Newspapers. <mask> received the Western Wayne NAACP "Great Expectations" award for her work on behalf of minorities. Merrill Osmond's single America was written and produced by <mask> while he was a publicist for the Osmond family. On October 11, 1963, <mask> was born in Windsor, Ontario. Her father, <mask>, from Rutherglen, Scotland, and her mother, MargaretLeslie Hardie, from Edinburgh, Scotland, met in Windsor, Ontario.The family moved to Detroit when she was a year old. <mask> is a citizen of the United States. <mask> was the only child in the home. She was nine years old when she lived in Detroit. While in Detroit, <mask> attended Kosciusko Elementary School from kindergarten to 3rd grade. The family moved to Michigan when <mask> was nine years old. <mask> graduated from Eastern Michigan University in 1989.At Eastern Michigan University, <mask> earned a BS in Public Relations with a minor in Industrial Technology and a concentration in Construction Management. <mask> began her career as a reporter in 1988 at the Plymouth-Canton Crier newspaper in Michigan. <mask> was employed by Associated Newspapers in Wayne, Michigan. The Sunday Enterprise was published by Associated Newspapers. After 18 months at Associated Newspapers, <mask> was named News Editor and helped win an award from the University Press of Michigan. The best newspaper in the state won the award. She graduated from the Wayne-Westland Community Schools while working at Associated Newspapers.She left Associated Newspapers to run for the Wayne-Westland Community Schools Board of Education. On June 10, 1993, <mask> was elected to the Wayne-Westland Board of Education. The district had a $12 million budget deficit. <mask> was elected to serve as the board's treasurer after taking the oath of office. She became the first openly lesbian school board president in the State of Michigan when she was elected president of the school board in 1996. <mask> was appointed to the Wayne County Elections Commission in 1994 and the Westland Local Development Finance Authority in 1995 while he was on the Wayne-Westland Community Schools board. On January 17, 1997 as the president of the board, <mask> was one of seven members to vote yes to include sexual orientation in the district's anti- discrimination policies.The district, now known as the Wayne-Westland Equity Language, received an additional $100 million in funding in 1997. <mask> was attacked by right-wing Christian groups for her sexual orientation when she was running for reelection to the board of education. The flyer urged voters to not vote for <mask> because of her sexual orientation. The self-proclaimed Wayne County "Bible Court" compared electing <mask> to the position to hiring an alcoholic to drive a school bus or a child molester to work in a day care center. <mask> lost the election. The policy protecting homosexuals from harassment was removed after <mask>'s term ended. <mask> ran for a seat on the Wayne-Westland Community Schools board one final time in the 1998 election and failed to garner many votes.<mask> filed a civil suit against the Bible Court, seeking damages in excess of $25,000. In July 1997, the clerk of the Bible Court, Peter James Narsisian, apologized and resigned. Communication Concepts was started by <mask> in 1993. Numerous colleges, universities, school districts, state officials, members of congress, and businesses have received services from <mask>. She was the publicist and public relations strategist for the "back on the road again" tour. The single America was written and produced by <mask> and Merrill Osmond. The Families of Freedom Scholarship Fund received many of the proceeds.The purpose of the fund is to provide education assistance for financially needy dependents of those people killed or permanently disabled as a result of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, and during the rescue activities relating to those attacks. TPE Multimedia was owned and operated by <mask> until January 2019. She is the COO of Beyorch, a Los Angeles-based Private Equity firm that caters to investment opportunities for the middle class and raises funds for businesses from $50 million up to $500 million. The online news magazine that reports news from Los Angeles and Detroit was created by <mask>. The Tipping Point Education foundation created the TPE entity. The Western Wayne chapter of the National Association for the advancement of Colored People gave <mask> the Great Expectations Award. In 1993, <mask> began working as a consultant for the Wayne County Community College District through her public relations firm, Communication Concepts.A proposal to make the previous 1-mill proposal permanent was one of the successful millage campaigns led by <mask>. There is a proposal to add 1.5 mills. The 2001 1.5 mill proposal was extended at a reduced rate. There is a proposal to add 1 mill for 10 years. In 1999, she stopped Ford Motor Company, the UAW union, and the State of Michigan from building a technical center within the tax boundaries of the district. Legislation was introduced in 2001 that would force the college to close if passed. <mask> worked with Merrill Osmond, who testified before the legislature to stop lawmakers from closing the school and explained how the new funding would benefit residents in the community college boundaries in Wayne County.<mask> has raised $2 billion for the Wayne County Community College District by saving the 2001 millage. <mask> moved to the Los Angeles area from the Metro Detroit area Canton, Michigan. She has two daughters with her ex- partner. A still-born son was also born to <mask> and her partner. People from Windsor, Ontario are alumni of Eastern Michigan University.

3252851

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartlett%20Sher

Bartlett Sher

Bartlett B. Sher (born March 27, 1959) is an American theatre director. The New York Times has described him as "one of the most original and exciting directors, not only in the American theater but also in the international world of opera". Sher has been nominated for nine Tony Awards, winning a Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical as well as a Drama Desk Award for his direction of the 2008 Broadway revival of South Pacific. Early life Sher was born in San Francisco, California, USA, the son of Aird (Stewart) and Joseph Sher. He had six siblings, including a twin brother. He was raised Catholic (during his teenage years, he found out that his Lithuanian-born father was Jewish). Sher attended St. Ignatius College Preparatory and later the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts. He returned to St. Ignatius to teach English and run the theatre program. During the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games he was influenced by the arts programs associated with the Games, particularly by the work of Polish director Tadeusz Kantor. Career Sher served as associate artistic director at Hartford Stage (Hartford, Connecticut) and company director at the Guthrie Theater (Minneapolis, Minnesota) where he worked with Garland Wright, who was a mentor as was Robert Woodruff. Sher has directed, taught and led workshops across the country and internationally. He was artistic director at Intiman Theatre in Seattle and in 2008 was named resident director at Lincoln Center Theater in New York City. Intiman Playhouse, Seattle Sher served as artistic director at Intiman Playhouse in Seattle from 2000–2010. During 2010 Sher handed over this job to his successor, Kate Whoriskey. (The Intiman cancelled its 2011 season due to financial problems.) His productions at Intiman have included: Nickel and Dimed, a world premiere by Joan Holden based on the book by Barbara Ehrenreich; Tony Kushner's Homebody/Kabul (British housewife becomes fascinated with Afghanistan); Ingmar Bergman's Nora (adaptation of Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House ); G. B. Shaw's Arms and the Man; Shakespeare's Cymbeline and Titus Andronicus; Carlo Goldoni's The Servant of Two Masters ; Works by Craig Lucas: The Dying Gaul (a funny and tragic story of a grieving Hollywood scriptwriter) The Singing Forest (neurotics and therapists sparring) — world premiere Prayer for My Enemy (dysfunctional family, friendship, war in Iraq) The Light in the Piazza, book by Lucas (a chance meeting in Florence leads to romance) Other theatre and opera At the Theatre for a New Audience (TFANA) in New York, Sher directed productions of Waste by Harley Granville Barker in 2000 (its American premiere, winning the 2000 Obie Award for Best Play), Cymbeline by Shakespeare in 2002, Dom Juan by Molière in 2003, and Pericles, Prince of Tyre by Shakespeare in 2004. He directed Cymbeline, Dom Juan, and Pericles at the Brooklyn Academy of Music. In 2006 Sher directed Gioachino Rossini's Il barbiere di Siviglia (The Barber of Seville) at the Metropolitan Opera in Lincoln Center. In 2009 Sher directed the opera Tales of Hoffman at the Metropolitan Opera in New York (opening December 3, 2009). In 2011, Sher directed Mourning Becomes Electra for Seattle Opera. In March 2011, Le Comte Ory by Rossini opened at the Metropolitan Opera in New York, in a production directed by Sher. The reviewer for The New York Times called the production "lively, colorful and inventive." In June 2011, Sher's production of the world premiere of Nico Muhly's Two Boys was presented at the English National Opera. The American debut took place in October 2013, at the Metropolitan Opera in New York. The Met commissioned the production. Sher made his Broadway debut in 2005 when his production of The Light in the Piazza which had originated at the Intiman Playhouse premiered at the Vivian Beaumont Theatre. Sher received Tony Award nominations for The Light in the Piazza and a 2006 revival of Awake and Sing!, winning the Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical for the 2008 Broadway revival of South Pacific. He received another Tony nomination for the 2009 revival of Joe Turner's Come and Gone. In 2010 Sher directed a musical production of Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown based on the 1988 film by Pedro Almodóvar. The show opened November 4, 2010 on Broadway in a Lincoln Center Theater production. The musical was criticized by Ben Brantley of The New York Times as being distracted, gimmicky and overdesigned. A previously announced revival of Funny Girl that Sher was expected to direct with a Broadway opening in February 2012 was ultimately postponed. In December 2012, Golden Boy by Clifford Odets as directed by Sher opened in New York to a positive review in The New York Times. This production was staged at the Belasco Theatre, the same spot where Golden Boy was first presented on Broadway, 75 years earlier. The production received eight Tony Award nominations, including Sher's fifth for directing. Sher had directed Odets' Awake and Sing! in 2006. The production ran from December 2012 into January 2013 for 53 performances. In 2014 Sher directed a musical production of the novel The Bridges of Madison County. The production ran for 100 performances from February to May 2014. Sher directed a Broadway revival of The King and I, which opened at the Vivian Beaumont Theatre at Lincoln Center on April 16, 2015, with Kelli O'Hara as Anna Leonowens, Ken Watanabe as The King of Siam, and Ruthie Anne Miles as Lady Tiang. He received a 2015 Tony Award nomination for Best Direction of a Musical, and the production received Tony Awards for Best Revival of a Musical, Best Actress in a Musical (O'Hara), Best Featured Actress in a Musical (Miles) and Best Costume Design of a Musical (Catherine Zuber). Sher directed a Broadway revival of Fiddler on the Roof, starring Danny Burstein as Tevye and Jessica Hecht as Golde, which opened at the Broadway Theatre on December 17, 2015 and played its final performance December 31, 2016. Sher directed the world premiere of J.T. Roger's play Oslo which opened at the Mitzi Newhouse Theater in July 2016. The production transferred to the Vivian Beaumont Theater for an open run in April 2017. Sher directed the 2021 television film adaptation of Oslo. Sher received Tony Award nominations for Oslo, a 2018 revival of My Fair Lady, and the 2018 play adaptation of To Kill a Mockingbird. Personal life Sher lives in Manhattan with his wife Kristin Flanders (a Yale trained actress) and two daughters. His father, an insurance broker whom he described to The New York Times as a "brilliant businessman, very charismatic", was also a serial philanderer who had a second family with another woman. Sher's childhood was marked by a drawn-out divorce. His mother soon met a Chinese-American man, Doug Chung, who moved in, helped rear the family and brought them much needed stability. Sher's experiences with interracial blended families informed his directing of South Pacific. Awards and nominations Other recognition In 2017, Sher received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement presented by Awards Council member Jeremy Irons. In 2017, The New York Pops celebrated its 34th birthday with a gala honoring Sher and Kelli O'Hara. See also Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play — 2006 nomination (Awake and Sing!), 2009 nomination (Joe Turner's Come and Gone), 2013 nomination (Golden Boy), 2017 nomination (Oslo), and 2019 nomination (To Kill a Mockingbird) Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical — 2005 nomination (The Light in the Piazza), 2008 winner (South Pacific), 2015 nomination (The King and I), and 2018 nomination (My Fair Lady) Further reading References External links Intiman Theatre website Lincoln Center Theater website Charlie Rose interview with Bartlett Sher, May 19, 2008 1959 births American musical theatre directors American people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent Artistic directors College of the Holy Cross alumni Living people People from San Francisco American opera directors

<mask><mask> (born March 27, 1959) is an American theatre director. The New York Times has described him as "one of the most original and exciting directors, not only in the American theater but also in the international world of opera". Sher has been nominated for nine Tony Awards, winning a Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical as well as a Drama Desk Award for his direction of the 2008 Broadway revival of South Pacific. Early life Sher was born in San Francisco, California, USA, the son of Aird (Stewart) and <mask>. He had six siblings, including a twin brother. He was raised Catholic (during his teenage years, he found out that his Lithuanian-born father was Jewish). Sher attended St. Ignatius College Preparatory and later the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts.He returned to St. Ignatius to teach English and run the theatre program. During the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games he was influenced by the arts programs associated with the Games, particularly by the work of Polish director Tadeusz Kantor. Career Sher served as associate artistic director at Hartford Stage (Hartford, Connecticut) and company director at the Guthrie Theater (Minneapolis, Minnesota) where he worked with Garland Wright, who was a mentor as was Robert Woodruff. Sher has directed, taught and led workshops across the country and internationally. He was artistic director at Intiman Theatre in Seattle and in 2008 was named resident director at Lincoln Center Theater in New York City. Intiman Playhouse, Seattle Sher served as artistic director at Intiman Playhouse in Seattle from 2000–2010. During 2010 Sher handed over this job to his successor, Kate Whoriskey.(The Intiman cancelled its 2011 season due to financial problems.) His productions at Intiman have included: Nickel and Dimed, a world premiere by Joan Holden based on the book by Barbara Ehrenreich; Tony Kushner's Homebody/Kabul (British housewife becomes fascinated with Afghanistan); Ingmar Bergman's Nora (adaptation of Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House ); G. B. Shaw's Arms and the Man; Shakespeare's Cymbeline and Titus Andronicus; Carlo Goldoni's The Servant of Two Masters ; Works by Craig Lucas: The Dying Gaul (a funny and tragic story of a grieving Hollywood scriptwriter) The Singing Forest (neurotics and therapists sparring) — world premiere Prayer for My Enemy (dysfunctional family, friendship, war in Iraq) The Light in the Piazza, book by Lucas (a chance meeting in Florence leads to romance) Other theatre and opera At the Theatre for a New Audience (TFANA) in New York, Sher directed productions of Waste by Harley Granville Barker in 2000 (its American premiere, winning the 2000 Obie Award for Best Play), Cymbeline by Shakespeare in 2002, Dom Juan by Molière in 2003, and Pericles, Prince of Tyre by Shakespeare in 2004. He directed Cymbeline, Dom Juan, and Pericles at the Brooklyn Academy of Music. In 2006 Sher directed Gioachino Rossini's Il barbiere di Siviglia (The Barber of Seville) at the Metropolitan Opera in Lincoln Center. In 2009 Sher directed the opera Tales of Hoffman at the Metropolitan Opera in New York (opening December 3, 2009). In 2011, Sher directed Mourning Becomes Electra for Seattle Opera. In March 2011, Le Comte Ory by Rossini opened at the Metropolitan Opera in New York, in a production directed by Sher.The reviewer for The New York Times called the production "lively, colorful and inventive." In June 2011, <mask>'s production of the world premiere of Nico Muhly's Two Boys was presented at the English National Opera. The American debut took place in October 2013, at the Metropolitan Opera in New York. The Met commissioned the production. <mask> made his Broadway debut in 2005 when his production of The Light in the Piazza which had originated at the Intiman Playhouse premiered at the Vivian Beaumont Theatre. <mask> received Tony Award nominations for The Light in the Piazza and a 2006 revival of Awake and Sing!, winning the Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical for the 2008 Broadway revival of South Pacific. He received another Tony nomination for the 2009 revival of Joe Turner's Come and Gone.In 2010 <mask> directed a musical production of Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown based on the 1988 film by Pedro Almodóvar. The show opened November 4, 2010 on Broadway in a Lincoln Center Theater production. The musical was criticized by Ben Brantley of The New York Times as being distracted, gimmicky and overdesigned. A previously announced revival of Funny Girl that <mask> was expected to direct with a Broadway opening in February 2012 was ultimately postponed. In December 2012, Golden Boy by Clifford Odets as directed by <mask> opened in New York to a positive review in The New York Times. This production was staged at the Belasco Theatre, the same spot where Golden Boy was first presented on Broadway, 75 years earlier. The production received eight Tony Award nominations, including <mask>'s fifth for directing.<mask> had directed Odets' Awake and Sing! in 2006. The production ran from December 2012 into January 2013 for 53 performances. In 2014 <mask> directed a musical production of the novel The Bridges of Madison County. The production ran for 100 performances from February to May 2014. <mask> directed a Broadway revival of The King and I, which opened at the Vivian Beaumont Theatre at Lincoln Center on April 16, 2015, with Kelli O'Hara as Anna Leonowens, Ken Watanabe as The King of Siam, and Ruthie Anne Miles as Lady Tiang. He received a 2015 Tony Award nomination for Best Direction of a Musical, and the production received Tony Awards for Best Revival of a Musical, Best Actress in a Musical (O'Hara), Best Featured Actress in a Musical (Miles) and Best Costume Design of a Musical (Catherine Zuber).Sher directed a Broadway revival of Fiddler on the Roof, starring Danny Burstein as Tevye and Jessica Hecht as Golde, which opened at the Broadway Theatre on December 17, 2015 and played its final performance December 31, 2016. Sher directed the world premiere of J.T. Roger's play Oslo which opened at the Mitzi Newhouse Theater in July 2016. The production transferred to the Vivian Beaumont Theater for an open run in April 2017. Sher directed the 2021 television film adaptation of Oslo. Sher received Tony Award nominations for Oslo, a 2018 revival of My Fair Lady, and the 2018 play adaptation of To Kill a Mockingbird. Personal life Sher lives in Manhattan with his wife Kristin Flanders (a Yale trained actress) and two daughters.His father, an insurance broker whom he described to The New York Times as a "brilliant businessman, very charismatic", was also a serial philanderer who had a second family with another woman. Sher's childhood was marked by a drawn-out divorce. His mother soon met a Chinese-American man, Doug Chung, who moved in, helped rear the family and brought them much needed stability. Sher's experiences with interracial blended families informed his directing of South Pacific. Awards and nominations Other recognition In 2017, Sher received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement presented by Awards Council member Jeremy Irons. In 2017, The New York Pops celebrated its 34th birthday with a gala honoring <mask> and Kelli O'Hara. See also Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play — 2006 nomination (Awake and Sing!), 2009 nomination (Joe Turner's Come and Gone), 2013 nomination (Golden Boy), 2017 nomination (Oslo), and 2019 nomination (To Kill a Mockingbird) Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical — 2005 nomination (The Light in the Piazza), 2008 winner (South Pacific), 2015 nomination (The King and I), and 2018 nomination (My Fair Lady) Further reading References External links Intiman Theatre website Lincoln Center Theater website Charlie Rose interview with <mask>, May 19, 2008 1959 births American musical theatre directors American people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent Artistic directors College of the Holy Cross alumni Living people People from San Francisco American opera directors

He is an American theatre director. He is one of the most original and exciting directors, not only in the American theater but also in the international world of opera, according to the New York Times. He won a Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical and a Drama Desk Award for his direction of the Broadway revival of South Pacific. The son of Aird and Joseph was born in San Francisco, California. There were six siblings, including a twin brother. He found out that his father was Jewish when he was a teenager. He attended the College of the Holy Cross in Massachusetts.He ran the theatre program and taught English. During the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, he was influenced by the arts programs associated with the Games, particularly by the work of Polish director Tadeusz Kantor. Garland Wright was a mentor to <mask> and he was the company director at the Guthrie Theater. He has directed, taught and led workshops all over the world. He was the artistic director at Intiman Theatre in Seattle and the resident director at Lincoln Center Theater in New York City. Intiman Playhouse in Seattle had an artistic director from 2000 to 2010. Kate Whoriskey took over the job in 2010.The Intiman canceled its season due to financial problems. The world premiere of Nickel and Dimed, based on the book by Barbara Ehrenreich, was one of his productions at Intiman. He worked at the Brooklyn Academy of Music. The Metropolitan Opera in Lincoln Center hosted the premiere of Rossini's Il barbiere di Siviglia. The opera Tales of Hoffman opened at the Metropolitan Opera in New York on December 3, 2009. He directed Mourning Becomes Electra for Seattle Opera. In March of 2011, Rossini's Le Comte Ory opened at the Metropolitan Opera in New York.The production was praised by the reviewer for The New York Times. The English National Opera presented the world premiere of Two Boys in June of 2011. The Metropolitan Opera in New York hosted the American debut. The production was commissioned by the Met. He made his Broadway debut in 2005 with his production of The Light in the Piazza, which originated at the Intiman Playhouse. The Light in the Piazza won a Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical and Awake and Sing! won a Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical. He received a Tony nomination for the Come and Gone revival.The 1988 film by Pedro Almodvar was the basis for a musical production directed by <mask>. The show opened on Broadway in the Lincoln Center Theater. Ben Brantley of The New York Times was not a fan of the musical. The revival of Funny Girl was supposed to open on Broadway in February 2012 but was delayed. Golden Boy opened in New York to a positive review in The New York Times. The Belasco Theatre is where Golden Boy was first presented on Broadway. The production received eight Tony Award nominations.Odets' Awake and Sing! was directed by <mask>. In 2006 The production ran for 53 performances. The Bridges of Madison County was the subject of a musical production. There were 100 performances of the production from February to May. The revival of The King and I opened on Broadway on April 16, 2015, with Ken Watanabe as The King of Siam, and Ruthie Anne Miles as Lady Tiang. The production received four Tony Awards, including Best Revival of a Musical, Best Actress in a Musical, and Best Costume Design of a Musical.Danny Burstein and Jessica Hecht played Tevye and Golde in the Broadway revival of Fiddler on the Roof, which played its final performance on December 31, 2016 at the Broadway Theatre. J.T. was the world premiere. Roger's play opened in July of 2016 at the Newhouse Theater. The production moved to the theater for an open run. The film was adapted into a television show. In addition to the Tony Award nominations, she received a revival of My Fair Lady and a play adaptation of To Kill a Mockingbird. He lives in Manhattan with his wife and two daughters.His father, an insurance broker, was a serial philanderer who had a second family with another woman. His childhood was marked by a divorce. His mother met a Chinese-American man, Doug Chung, who helped rear the family and bring them much needed stability. South Pacific was influenced by Sher's experiences with interracial blended families. The Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement was presented to her by Jeremy Irons. The New York Pops celebrated its 34th birthday with a black tie event. Awake and Sing! was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play.The Light in the Piazza was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical.

44089263

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20S.%20Marr

John S. Marr

John S. Marr (born April 1940) is an American physician, epidemiologist, and author. His professional life has concerned outbreaks of infectious disease and thus his subsequent writing career has focused on that topic, particularly historical epidemics. Early life and education Marr was born in New York City and grew up in Manhattan, attending Trinity School and Deerfield Academy. After graduating from Yale, he received an MD from New York Medical College and did a residency in Spanish Harlem. He then completed an MPH degree from the Harvard School of Public Health. Marr is a board-certified (internal medicine, preventive medicine, occupational medicine) physician and a Louisiana State University Fellow in Tropical Medicine. Medical career After graduating, Major Marr served at the US Army's Academy of Health Sciences in San Antonio, Texas. His role was teaching about tropical disease to troops preparing to deploy to the Vietnam War. In 1966, he worked up-country in Liberia (in the same area as the 2014 Ebola outbreak) at Phebe Hospital, treating malaria, schistosomiasis, intestinal worms and leprosy. In 1974, Marr returned to New York as the city's director of the New York City Bureau of Communicable Diseases, where he investigated a number of infectious disease outbreaks, including Legionnaires disease, typhoid fever, botulism, amoebiasis, and was director of the city's swine flu response in 1976. He went on to hold several private and government medical posts. His last post was as State Epidemiologist of Virginia, from which he retired in 2006. Writing Marr's writing career began in the early 1970s when he wrote three popular books for children on health issues (The Good Drug and the Bad Drug, A Breath of Air and a Breath of Smoke, and The Food You Eat). A New York Times article featured The Good Drug and the Bad Drug and a special teacher's guide was developed for city schools. The book was later featured in a 1971 NBC-TV special on drugs hosted by Bill Cosby, in which Marr appeared. Marr went on to co-author a thriller about a pneumonic plague outbreak in New York, inspired by research he'd done as the city's epidemiologist. Written with Gwyneth Cravens and published in 1978, The Black Death was later filmed by CBS as a movie of the week under the title Quiet Killer. In 1996, Marr wrote a scientific paper speculating on the causes of the ten plagues of Egypt, which was then featured in a New York Times article on scientific explanations for the plagues. The article led to an hour-long 1998 BBC documentary. At the same time, he co-created the plaguescapes website, one of forty declared "best of the web" out of 65,000 websites by the Encyclopædia Britannica in 1998. An illustrated and updated adaptation of the article is now available on iBooks. His articles on historical epidemics have been made into documentary films by National Geographic, Warner Brothers Video, Discovery, and the Travel Channel. He was also a contributor to the Concrete Jungle, a 1997 book by artist Alexis Rockman. Marr's second novel, The Eleventh Plague (1998), is a thriller in which a rogue scientist attempts to unleash modern versions of the Biblical plagues. A 2000 sequel, Wormwood, was a bestseller in Germany. In the sequel, the crazed scientist from The Eleventh Plague reappears and plots against delusional adversaries who he believes are reincarnated Wizard of Oz characters. Each enemy is stalked and killed by parasites designed for specific tasks to fulfill each character's weaknesses (lack of a heart, brain, and so on). The novels were inspired in part by the Vincent Price film The Abominable Dr. Phibes. In 2001, Marr co-edited a series of articles on bioterrorism. It was published months before the anthrax scares and was used by health officials as a source of reliable information before the creation of the Department of Homeland Security informational websites. In 2005, he co-authored a comprehensive guide to parasites, which is widely used by medical students, military medics, physicians, veterinarians, and parasitologists in the US and abroad. More recently, he has written a series of short novels for young adults that are available in Kindle books. Set in the early 1950s, the books involve boys investigating a series of mysteries, such as the disappearance of a former OSS agent, an ancient Native American curse, and a character linked to Unit 731. All are freestanding and take place in both a rural Pennsylvania setting and New York City. Launched in July 2018, on a podcast series on JPHMPDirect, the online site for the Journal of Public Health Management & Practice, Marr relates stories about historical epidemiological investigations, such as “Mystery in the Pines,” which recounts a typhoid epidemic in the Catskill Mountains. The collection of case studies called Backstories in Epidemiology: True Medical Mysteries is also available in ebook form. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Dr. Marr and Dr. Lloyd Novick, the editor-in-chief of JPHMP, discussed future scenarios as the situation unravelled. Since his first scientific publication in 1967, he has authored or co-authored over fifty peer-reviewed articles on communicable disease topics. One of the first was an unusual report on the epidemiology of the human bite from 892 human bites reported to the New York City Department of Health in 1977. He has also written many articles, book reviews, essays on public health issues, and analyses of historical epidemics. In “"Was the huey cocoliztli a haemorrhagic fever?"” he and co-author Kiracofe proposed an alternative explanation for the post-Columbian epidemics in central Mexico that decimated the indigenous population during the 16th century. Based on a comprehensive study of newly found eyewitness accounts and other historical and scientific evidence, they concluded that the cause was an arenaviral disease that arose in part as a result of changes in post-contact agrarian practices. A 2018 paleogenomic analysis of ancient genetic material from skeletal remains suggested that a strain of Salmonella enterica, a cause of enteric fever, might be a cause, but the study was limited to detection of bacterial pathogens and DNA viruses, while arenaviruses are RNA viruses. His analysis of an epidemic of smallpox that struck an invading army that besieged Mecca suggested that the outbreak saved the pre-Islamic peoples, including a newborn Mohammed. For the American Public Health Association, he and a co-author published "A Century in the Life of the Control of Communicable Diseases Manual: 1917 to 2017." In 2017, he published a review of a large outbreak of hepatitis B among US troops in 1942 that was due to contaminated lots of yellow fever vaccine. He continues to research information on obscure historical infectious disease outbreaks. References External links plaguescapes 1940 births Living people American public health doctors Harvard School of Public Health alumni American male writers Trinity School (New York City) alumni Deerfield Academy alumni Yale University alumni New York Medical College alumni American epidemiologists People from Manhattan

<mask><mask> (born April 1940) is an American physician, epidemiologist, and author. His professional life has concerned outbreaks of infectious disease and thus his subsequent writing career has focused on that topic, particularly historical epidemics. Early life and education Marr was born in New York City and grew up in Manhattan, attending Trinity School and Deerfield Academy. After graduating from Yale, he received an MD from New York Medical College and did a residency in Spanish Harlem. He then completed an MPH degree from the Harvard School of Public Health. Marr is a board-certified (internal medicine, preventive medicine, occupational medicine) physician and a Louisiana State University Fellow in Tropical Medicine. Medical career After graduating, Major Marr served at the US Army's Academy of Health Sciences in San Antonio, Texas.His role was teaching about tropical disease to troops preparing to deploy to the Vietnam War. In 1966, he worked up-country in Liberia (in the same area as the 2014 Ebola outbreak) at Phebe Hospital, treating malaria, schistosomiasis, intestinal worms and leprosy. In 1974, Marr returned to New York as the city's director of the New York City Bureau of Communicable Diseases, where he investigated a number of infectious disease outbreaks, including Legionnaires disease, typhoid fever, botulism, amoebiasis, and was director of the city's swine flu response in 1976. He went on to hold several private and government medical posts. His last post was as State Epidemiologist of Virginia, from which he retired in 2006. Writing Marr's writing career began in the early 1970s when he wrote three popular books for children on health issues (The Good Drug and the Bad Drug, A Breath of Air and a Breath of Smoke, and The Food You Eat). A New York Times article featured The Good Drug and the Bad Drug and a special teacher's guide was developed for city schools.The book was later featured in a 1971 NBC-TV special on drugs hosted by Bill Cosby, in which Marr appeared. Marr went on to co-author a thriller about a pneumonic plague outbreak in New York, inspired by research he'd done as the city's epidemiologist. Written with Gwyneth Cravens and published in 1978, The Black Death was later filmed by CBS as a movie of the week under the title Quiet Killer. In 1996, Marr wrote a scientific paper speculating on the causes of the ten plagues of Egypt, which was then featured in a New York Times article on scientific explanations for the plagues. The article led to an hour-long 1998 BBC documentary. At the same time, he co-created the plaguescapes website, one of forty declared "best of the web" out of 65,000 websites by the Encyclopædia Britannica in 1998. An illustrated and updated adaptation of the article is now available on iBooks.His articles on historical epidemics have been made into documentary films by National Geographic, Warner Brothers Video, Discovery, and the Travel Channel. He was also a contributor to the Concrete Jungle, a 1997 book by artist Alexis Rockman. Marr's second novel, The Eleventh Plague (1998), is a thriller in which a rogue scientist attempts to unleash modern versions of the Biblical plagues. A 2000 sequel, Wormwood, was a bestseller in Germany. In the sequel, the crazed scientist from The Eleventh Plague reappears and plots against delusional adversaries who he believes are reincarnated Wizard of Oz characters. Each enemy is stalked and killed by parasites designed for specific tasks to fulfill each character's weaknesses (lack of a heart, brain, and so on). The novels were inspired in part by the Vincent Price film The Abominable Dr. Phibes.In 2001, Marr co-edited a series of articles on bioterrorism. It was published months before the anthrax scares and was used by health officials as a source of reliable information before the creation of the Department of Homeland Security informational websites. In 2005, he co-authored a comprehensive guide to parasites, which is widely used by medical students, military medics, physicians, veterinarians, and parasitologists in the US and abroad. More recently, he has written a series of short novels for young adults that are available in Kindle books. Set in the early 1950s, the books involve boys investigating a series of mysteries, such as the disappearance of a former OSS agent, an ancient Native American curse, and a character linked to Unit 731. All are freestanding and take place in both a rural Pennsylvania setting and New York City. Launched in July 2018, on a podcast series on JPHMPDirect, the online site for the Journal of Public Health Management & Practice, Marr relates stories about historical epidemiological investigations, such as “Mystery in the Pines,” which recounts a typhoid epidemic in the Catskill Mountains.The collection of case studies called Backstories in Epidemiology: True Medical Mysteries is also available in ebook form. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Dr. <mask> and Dr. Lloyd Novick, the editor-in-chief of JPHMP, discussed future scenarios as the situation unravelled. Since his first scientific publication in 1967, he has authored or co-authored over fifty peer-reviewed articles on communicable disease topics. One of the first was an unusual report on the epidemiology of the human bite from 892 human bites reported to the New York City Department of Health in 1977. He has also written many articles, book reviews, essays on public health issues, and analyses of historical epidemics. In “"Was the huey cocoliztli a haemorrhagic fever? "” he and co-author Kiracofe proposed an alternative explanation for the post-Columbian epidemics in central Mexico that decimated the indigenous population during the 16th century.Based on a comprehensive study of newly found eyewitness accounts and other historical and scientific evidence, they concluded that the cause was an arenaviral disease that arose in part as a result of changes in post-contact agrarian practices. A 2018 paleogenomic analysis of ancient genetic material from skeletal remains suggested that a strain of Salmonella enterica, a cause of enteric fever, might be a cause, but the study was limited to detection of bacterial pathogens and DNA viruses, while arenaviruses are RNA viruses. His analysis of an epidemic of smallpox that struck an invading army that besieged Mecca suggested that the outbreak saved the pre-Islamic peoples, including a newborn Mohammed. For the American Public Health Association, he and a co-author published "A Century in the Life of the Control of Communicable Diseases Manual: 1917 to 2017." In 2017, he published a review of a large outbreak of hepatitis B among US troops in 1942 that was due to contaminated lots of yellow fever vaccine. He continues to research information on obscure historical infectious disease outbreaks. References External links plaguescapes 1940 births Living people American public health doctors Harvard School of Public Health alumni American male writers Trinity School (New York City) alumni Deerfield Academy alumni Yale University alumni New York Medical College alumni American epidemiologists People from Manhattan

<mask><mask> was born in 1940. His writing career has focused on the topic of historical epidemics because of his professional life's concern with infectious disease. <mask> was born in New York City and grew up in Manhattan. He received an MD from New York Medical College and did a residency in Spanish Harlem after graduating from Yale. He received an MPH degree from the Harvard School of Public Health. Marr is a board-certified internal medicine physician and a Louisiana State University Fellow in Tropical Medicine. Major Marr served at the US Army's Academy of Health Sciences in San Antonio, Texas.The troops were preparing to deploy to the Vietnam War when he was teaching about tropical disease. In 1966 he worked up-country in the same area as the current outbreak of the disease, treating it at the Phebe Hospital. In 1974, Marr returned to New York as the city's director of the New York City Bureau of Communicable Diseases, where he investigated a number of infectious disease outbreaks. He held several private and government medical posts. He retired in 2006 as State Epidemiologist of Virginia. The Good Drug and the Bad Drug, A Breath of Air and a Breath of Smoke, and The Food You Eat were all written by Marr in the 1970s. The Good Drug and the Bad Drug was featured in a New York Times article.Marr appeared in a 1971 NBC-TV special on drugs hosted by Bill Cosby. Marr went on to co-author a novel about a plague outbreak in New York, inspired by research he'd done as the city's epidemiologist. The Black Death was filmed by CBS as a movie of the week under the title Quiet Killer. Marr wrote a paper in 1996 about the causes of the plagues of Egypt, which was featured in a New York Times article. The article led to a documentary. The plaguescapes website was one of forty that were declared "best of the web" by the Encyclopdia Britannica in 1998. An updated and illustrated version of the article can be found on iBooks.National Geographic, Warner Brothers Video, Discovery, and the Travel Channel have all made documentary films based on his articles. He was a contributor to the Concrete Jungle. The Eleventh Plague is a novel in which a rogue scientist attempts to unleash modern versions of the biblical plagues. In Germany, Wormwood was a top seller. In the sequel, the crazed scientist from The Eleventh Plague reappears and plots against delusional adversaries who he believes are reincarnated Wizard of Oz characters. Each enemy is killed by parasites that are designed to fulfill their weaknesses, such as lack of a heart, brain, and so on. The Abominable Dr. Phibes was a film that inspired the novels.In 2001, Marr co-edited a series of articles. It was used by health officials as a source of reliable information before the creation of the Department of Homeland Security informational websites. He co-authored a guide to parasites in 2005, which is widely used by medical students, military medics, physicians, veterinarians, and parasitesologists in the US and abroad. He has written a series of short novels for young adults that are available in Amazon books. The books are set in the early 1950s and involve boys investigating a number of mysteries, such as the disappearance of a former OSS agent, an ancient Native American curse, and a character linked to Unit 731. Both rural Pennsylvania and New York City are where all of them take place. Marr relates stories about historical epidemiological investigations on the JPHMPDirect, an online site for the Journal of Public Health Management & Practice.Backstories in Epidemiology: True Medical Mysteries is available in ebook form. As the situation unfolded, Dr. <mask> and Dr. Novick discussed future scenarios. Over fifty peer-reviewed articles on communicable disease topics have been authored or co-authored by him. The New York City Department of Health received an unusual report on the epidemiology of human bites in 1977. He has written about public health issues and historical epidemics. Was the huey cocoliztli a haemorrhagic fever? The post-Columbian epidemics in central Mexico decimated the indigenous population during the 16th century.They concluded that the cause of the arenaviral disease was due to changes in post-contact agricultural practices. An analysis of ancient genetic material from skeletons suggested that a strain ofSalmonella enterica, a cause of enteric fever, might be a cause, but the study was limited to detection of bacterial pathogens and DNA viruses. The pre-Islamic peoples, including a newborn Mohammed, may have been saved by an epidemic of smallpox that struck an invading army. He and a co-author published "A Century in the Life of the Control of Communicable Diseases Manual: 1917 to 2017:" for the American Public Health Association. He published a review of a large outbreak of hepatitis B among US troops in 1942 that was caused by contaminated lots of yellow fever vaccine. He is researching infectious disease from the past. References External links plaguescapes 1940 births Living people American public health doctors Harvard School of Public Health alumni American male writers Trinity School (New York City) alumni

4153220

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.%20R.%20Bernard

A. R. Bernard

Alfonso R. Bernard, Sr. (born August 10, 1953) is the pastor of the Christian Cultural Center Megachurch in Brooklyn, New York. In November 1979, A. R. Bernard, Sr. left a 10-year career with a major New York banking institution and together with his wife, Karen, went into full-time ministry. What started as a small storefront church in Williamsburg, Brooklyn has grown into a 37,000+ member church that sits on an -acre campus in Brooklyn, New York. He is founder and CEO of the Christian Cultural Center. Bernard has served as the president of the Council of Churches of the City of New York representing 1.5 million Protestants, Anglicans and Orthodox Christians. Bernard founded the Christian Community Relations Council (CCRC, a NY based not-for-profit that will serve as a central resource and coordinating body for congregations and community organizations. He is currently on the board of directors for the Commission of Religious Leaders (CORL). Bernard served on the NYC Economic Development Corporation Board for current mayor Bill de Blasio and former mayor Michael R. Bloomberg; NYC School Chancellor's Advisory Cabinet and on Mayor Michael Bloomberg's 2001 Transition Team and Mayor Bill de Blasio's 2014 Transition Team. Bernard is the founder of the Cultural Arts Academy Charter School established in February 2010. Bernard has a master's degree in urban studies and a Master of Divinity from Alliance Theological Seminary. He has been awarded an honorary Doctor of Divinity degree from Wagner College and an honorary Doctor of Divinity degree from Nyack College/Alliance Theological Seminary. Biography Bernard was born in Panama, the son of a black Panamanian mother and a Castilian Spaniard father. His father disowned him and in 1957, he and his mother moved to the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. As part of the 1960s desegregation movement in the public school system, he was bused to school in Ridgewood, Queens and then attended Grover Cleveland High School. Bernard worked after school in the garment district pushing racks for $2.00 per hour to assist his mother in their single parent household. He landed a clerk position with Bankers Trust Company during his senior year of high school. Bernard earned a number of promotions leading to a position as Operations Specialist in the Consumer Lending Division. Establishment of church Prior to becoming a born again Christian in January 1975, Bernard was a part of the Muslim American movement. In 1978 he and his wife, Karen started a bible study in the kitchen of their Brooklyn railroad apartment. Bernard left his 10-year banking career in 1979 to go into ministry full-time. As the bible study group grew, so did the need for a facility. The Bernards took their savings and rented a small storefront in the Greenpoint section of Brooklyn. Later that year Household of Faith Ministries was incorporated. In 1988, Household of Faith purchased and renovated an abandoned Brooklyn supermarket into a 1000-seat sanctuary, complete with administrative offices and a bookstore. Household of Faith was renamed Christian Life Center and formally moved into its property in June 1989 with a membership of 625. Further growth As Christian Life Center began experiencing exponential growth — four Sunday services, lines forming at 4:00am, and overflow rooms filled to capacity, the ministry was quickly outgrowing its home on Linden Boulevard. The need for a larger facility was evident and in 1995 a vacant lot adjacent to Starrett City was purchased and construction followed immediately. On December 31, 2000, under the leadership of Bernard, Christian Cultural Center took its new name and moved into its new home. The 6.5-acre (26,000 m2) sanctuary and conference center also includes a chapel, bookstore, television production facilities and state of the art youth center. Christian Cultural Center, one of the largest independent churches in the United States, exemplifies a new paradigm in the worship experience. Bernard remains a highly sought after speaker, teacher and community leader. He has traveled extensively throughout the United States and internationally addressing religious organizations, businessmen and political dignitaries. Future expansion and development is anticipated on a 4.5-acre (18,000 m2) of land adjacent to the current CCC campus. International Christian Brotherhood Bernard was asked to serve on the board of directors for the Christian Men's Network (CMN) to help restructure the organization. During his six years on the board, CMN grew to an organization with 74 international offices and with a presence in approximately 150 nations. In addition to serving as treasurer for the board, Bernard was one of their most requested speakers. With the death of Dr. Edwin Louis Cole in 2002, he became the president of CMN. International Christian Brotherhood (ICB) began as an assigned project under the leadership of Ed Cole, but after a separation from CMN, Bernard re-launched ICB as his own Men's Ministry. Controversy During the campaigning for the 2016 presidential elections, Bernard joined the board of Donald Trump's "Evangelical Executive Advisory Board". The purpose of the board was to "provide advisory support to Mr. Trump on those issues important to Evangelicals and other people of the faith in America,” the campaign said in a statement. Bernard then stepped down in 2017 quoting a "deepening conflict in values between myself and the administration." Bernard had submitted his letter of resignation on 15 August 2017, the same day Trump made controversial remarks about the events that took place in Charlottesville. Since 1999, A. R. Bernard has been visiting City Harvest Church in Singapore and maintains a close friendship with the church's founder Kong Hee. Kong was convicted of conspiracy to commit criminal breach of trust, for misusing his church's building fund on his wife's singing career, masked through a series of bond investments. A. R. Bernard has been the chairman of City Harvest Church’s advisory panel and vouched for the integrity of Kong Hee in 2010. Involvement in education Bernard is also the founder of Brooklyn Preparatory School in New York City and Cultural Arts Academy Charter School. Formed in 1993, BPS is a premiere early education institution dedicated to serving young children, ages 3–6. Their June 1999 first grade graduates ranked 91st in the national percentile in reading and 96th in the national percentile in mathematics. Family Bernard is married to his wife Karen since 1972. Bernard and Karen met in high school in East New York, when he was 15 and she 16. In an interview, he revealed that they were once headed for divorce because of some decisions that he had made and that he had made his "ministry his mistress". In the early 1980s, Ms Bernard miscarried twins with Bernard was on the road and she blamed him for being absent and stayed bitter for a decade before he finally apologised. They have 7 sons and several grandchildren together. His eldest son Alfonso R. Bernard Jr. died from an asthma attack on 4 February 2015 at the age of 39 and is survived by his wife Janel and four children. Published works Happiness Is (Touchstone, 2011) Four Things Women Want from a Man (Howard Books, 2017) Honors and awards The Ebony Power 100, Ebony Magazine, December 2010/January 2011 Crain's Business Publication, 2008, 25 Leaders Reshaping New York New York Daily News, 2008, 2007, Most Influential Clergy New York Post 2008 Most Influential African-American New Yorker New York Daily News, 2008, 2007, Top 30 Most Influential Black New Yorker New York Post 2007, Top 30 Most Influential Black New Yorker Consulate General of Israel in New York 2007, Lifetime Achievement Award New York Magazine, 2006 One of the city's Most Influential New Yorkers A. R. Bernard broadcasts Bernard is the host of two weekly television programs. A R Bernard and Faith In Practice – airing nationally on FamilyNet Television, Daystar Television and The Trinity Broadcasting Network. Bernard's radio broadcasts can be heard nationwide on Salem Communication stations, on FamilyNet Radio SIRIUS Channel 161, and locally within New York's tri-state area on WMCA and WLIB. References External links Christian Cultural Center's official website A.R. Bernard's official website "The Influentials: Religion", New York Magazine American Christian clergy People from Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn Panamanian emigrants to the United States 1953 births Living people

<mask><mask>, Sr. (born August 10, 1953) is the pastor of the Christian Cultural Center Megachurch in Brooklyn, New York. In November 1979, A. R<mask>, Sr. left a 10-year career with a major New York banking institution and together with his wife, Karen, went into full-time ministry. What started as a small storefront church in Williamsburg, Brooklyn has grown into a 37,000+ member church that sits on an -acre campus in Brooklyn, New York. He is founder and CEO of the Christian Cultural Center. <mask> has served as the president of the Council of Churches of the City of New York representing 1.5 million Protestants, Anglicans and Orthodox Christians. <mask> founded the Christian Community Relations Council (CCRC, a NY based not-for-profit that will serve as a central resource and coordinating body for congregations and community organizations. He is currently on the board of directors for the Commission of Religious Leaders (CORL).<mask> served on the NYC Economic Development Corporation Board for current mayor Bill de Blasio and former mayor Michael R. Bloomberg; NYC School Chancellor's Advisory Cabinet and on Mayor Michael Bloomberg's 2001 Transition Team and Mayor Bill de Blasio's 2014 Transition Team. <mask> is the founder of the Cultural Arts Academy Charter School established in February 2010. <mask> has a master's degree in urban studies and a Master of Divinity from Alliance Theological Seminary. He has been awarded an honorary Doctor of Divinity degree from Wagner College and an honorary Doctor of Divinity degree from Nyack College/Alliance Theological Seminary. Biography <mask> was born in Panama, the son of a black Panamanian mother and a Castilian Spaniard father. His father disowned him and in 1957, he and his mother moved to the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. As part of the 1960s desegregation movement in the public school system, he was bused to school in Ridgewood, Queens and then attended Grover Cleveland High School.<mask> worked after school in the garment district pushing racks for $2.00 per hour to assist his mother in their single parent household. He landed a clerk position with Bankers Trust Company during his senior year of high school. <mask> earned a number of promotions leading to a position as Operations Specialist in the Consumer Lending Division. Establishment of church Prior to becoming a born again Christian in January 1975, <mask> was a part of the Muslim American movement. In 1978 he and his wife, Karen started a bible study in the kitchen of their Brooklyn railroad apartment. <mask> left his 10-year banking career in 1979 to go into ministry full-time. As the bible study group grew, so did the need for a facility.The <mask>s took their savings and rented a small storefront in the Greenpoint section of Brooklyn. Later that year Household of Faith Ministries was incorporated. In 1988, Household of Faith purchased and renovated an abandoned Brooklyn supermarket into a 1000-seat sanctuary, complete with administrative offices and a bookstore. Household of Faith was renamed Christian Life Center and formally moved into its property in June 1989 with a membership of 625. Further growth As Christian Life Center began experiencing exponential growth — four Sunday services, lines forming at 4:00am, and overflow rooms filled to capacity, the ministry was quickly outgrowing its home on Linden Boulevard. The need for a larger facility was evident and in 1995 a vacant lot adjacent to Starrett City was purchased and construction followed immediately. On December 31, 2000, under the leadership of <mask>, Christian Cultural Center took its new name and moved into its new home.The 6.5-acre (26,000 m2) sanctuary and conference center also includes a chapel, bookstore, television production facilities and state of the art youth center. Christian Cultural Center, one of the largest independent churches in the United States, exemplifies a new paradigm in the worship experience. <mask> remains a highly sought after speaker, teacher and community leader. He has traveled extensively throughout the United States and internationally addressing religious organizations, businessmen and political dignitaries. Future expansion and development is anticipated on a 4.5-acre (18,000 m2) of land adjacent to the current CCC campus. International Christian Brotherhood <mask> was asked to serve on the board of directors for the Christian Men's Network (CMN) to help restructure the organization. During his six years on the board, CMN grew to an organization with 74 international offices and with a presence in approximately 150 nations.In addition to serving as treasurer for the board, <mask> was one of their most requested speakers. With the death of Dr. Edwin Louis Cole in 2002, he became the president of CMN. International Christian Brotherhood (ICB) began as an assigned project under the leadership of Ed Cole, but after a separation from CMN, <mask> re-launched ICB as his own Men's Ministry. Controversy During the campaigning for the 2016 presidential elections, <mask> joined the board of Donald Trump's "Evangelical Executive Advisory Board". The purpose of the board was to "provide advisory support to Mr. Trump on those issues important to Evangelicals and other people of the faith in America,” the campaign said in a statement. <mask> then stepped down in 2017 quoting a "deepening conflict in values between myself and the administration." <mask> had submitted his letter of resignation on 15 August 2017, the same day Trump made controversial remarks about the events that took place in Charlottesville.Since 1999, A. R<mask> has been visiting City Harvest Church in Singapore and maintains a close friendship with the church's founder Kong Hee. Kong was convicted of conspiracy to commit criminal breach of trust, for misusing his church's building fund on his wife's singing career, masked through a series of bond investments. A. R<mask> has been the chairman of City Harvest Church’s advisory panel and vouched for the integrity of Kong Hee in 2010. Involvement in education <mask> is also the founder of Brooklyn Preparatory School in New York City and Cultural Arts Academy Charter School. Formed in 1993, BPS is a premiere early education institution dedicated to serving young children, ages 3–6. Their June 1999 first grade graduates ranked 91st in the national percentile in reading and 96th in the national percentile in mathematics. Family <mask> is married to his wife Karen since 1972.<mask> and Karen met in high school in East New York, when he was 15 and she 16. In an interview, he revealed that they were once headed for divorce because of some decisions that he had made and that he had made his "ministry his mistress". In the early 1980s, Ms <mask> miscarried twins with <mask> was on the road and she blamed him for being absent and stayed bitter for a decade before he finally apologised. They have 7 sons and several grandchildren together. His eldest son <mask><mask> Jr. died from an asthma attack on 4 February 2015 at the age of 39 and is survived by his wife Janel and four children. Published works Happiness Is (Touchstone, 2011) Four Things Women Want from a Man (Howard Books, 2017) Honors and awards The Ebony Power 100, Ebony Magazine, December 2010/January 2011 Crain's Business Publication, 2008, 25 Leaders Reshaping New York New York Daily News, 2008, 2007, Most Influential Clergy New York Post 2008 Most Influential African-American New Yorker New York Daily News, 2008, 2007, Top 30 Most Influential Black New Yorker New York Post 2007, Top 30 Most Influential Black New Yorker Consulate General of Israel in New York 2007, Lifetime Achievement Award New York Magazine, 2006 One of the city's Most Influential New Yorkers A. R<mask> broadcasts <mask> is the host of two weekly television programs. A R <mask> and Faith In Practice – airing nationally on FamilyNet Television, Daystar Television and The Trinity Broadcasting Network.<mask>'s radio broadcasts can be heard nationwide on Salem Communication stations, on FamilyNet Radio SIRIUS Channel 161, and locally within New York's tri-state area on WMCA and WLIB. References External links Christian Cultural Center's official website A.R. <mask>'s official website "The Influentials: Religion", New York Magazine American Christian clergy People from Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn Panamanian emigrants to the United States 1953 births Living people

The pastor of the Christian Cultural Center Megachurch is <mask><mask>, Jr. After 10 years with a major New York banking institution, A. R<mask>, Jr. and his wife, Karen, went into full-time ministry. A small storefront church in Brooklyn has grown into a 37,000 member church that sits on anacre campus in New York. He is the founder and CEO of the Christian Cultural Center. The Council of Churches of the City of New York represents 1.5 million Protestants, Anglicans and Orthodox Christians. The Christian Community Relations Council is a NY based not-for-profit that will serve as a central resource and coordinating body for community organizations. The Commission of Religious Leaders has a board of directors.<mask> was a member of the NYC Economic Development Corporation Board, the NYC School Chancellor's Advisory Cabinet, and the Mayor's Transition Team. The Cultural Arts Academy Charter School was founded by <mask>. <mask> received a master's degree in urban studies from Alliance Theological Seminary. He received a Doctor of Divinity degree from Nyack College/Alliance Theological Seminary. <mask> was the son of a black Panamanian mother and a Castilian Spaniard father. In 1957, his father disowned him and he and his mother moved to Brooklyn, New York. He was bused to school in Queens in the 1960s as part of the public school system's efforts to desegregate.<mask> worked in the garment district after school to help his mother. He was hired as a clerk at Bankers Trust Company during his senior year of high school. <mask> was promoted to the position of Operations Specialist in the Consumer Lending Division. <mask> was a part of the Muslim American movement before he became a born again Christian. He and his wife started a bible study in the kitchen of their apartment. <mask> went into ministry full-time in 1979 after 10 years in banking. The need for a facility grew as the bible study group grew.The <mask>s rented a storefront in the Greenpoint section of Brooklyn. The Household of Faith ministries was incorporated. In 1988, Household of Faith purchased and renovated an abandoned Brooklyn supermarket into a 1000 seat sanctuary, complete with administrative offices and a bookstore. Christian Life Center moved into its property in June 1989 with a membership of 625. After four Sunday services, lines forming at 4:00am, and overflow rooms filled to capacity, the ministry was quickly outgrowing its home. The need for a larger facility was obvious when a vacant lot was purchased next to Starrett City. The Christian Cultural Center moved into its new home on December 31, 2000 under the leadership of <mask>.A chapel, bookstore, television production facilities, and a state of the art youth center are included in the sanctuary and conference center. The Christian Cultural Center is one of the largest independent churches in the United States. <mask> is a highly sought after speaker, teacher and community leader. He has traveled extensively throughout the United States and internationally. Future expansion and development is anticipated on a 4.5-acre (18,000 m2). The Christian Men's Network asked <mask> to help restructure the organization. CMN grew to an organization with 74 international offices and a presence in approximately 150 nations during his six years on the board.One of the most requested speakers was <mask>, who served as the board's treasurer. The death of Dr. Cole made him the president of CMN. After a separation from CMN, <mask> re-launched International Christian Brotherhood as his own Men's Ministry. <mask> joined the board of Donald Trump's "Evangelical Executive Advisory Board". The campaign said that the purpose of the board was to provide advisory support to Mr. Trump on issues important to evangelicals and other people of the faith in America. A "deepening conflict in values between myself and the administration" led <mask> to step down. On the same day that Trump made controversial remarks about the events in Virginia, <mask> submitted his letter of resignation.A.R<mask> and Kong Hee, the founder of the City Harvest Church in Singapore, have a close friendship. Kong was found guilty of conspiracy to commit criminal breach of trust for using his church's building fund on his wife's singing career. The integrity of Kong Hee was vouched for by A. R<mask>, who was the chairman of City Harvest Church's advisory panel. The founder of the Cultural Arts Academy Charter School is <mask>. A premiere early education institution dedicated to serving young children ages 3–6 was formed in 1993. In reading and mathematics, the June 1999 first grade graduates ranked 92nd and 96th, respectively. <mask> and Karen have been married since 1972.They met in high school in East New York. He said in an interview that they were going to divorce because of some decisions he had made and that he had made his mistress. In the early 1980s, <mask> miscarried twins with Ms <mask> and she blamed him for being absent and 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 They have a lot of children together. <mask><mask> Jr. died from an asthma attack at the age of 39 and is survived by his wife Janel and four children. The works Happiness Is and Four Things Women Want from a Man have been published. A R <mask> and Faith in Practice is on FamilyNet Television, Daystar Television and The Trinity Broadcasting Network.Locally within New York's tri-state area, <mask>'s broadcasts can be heard on WMCA and WLIB. The official website of the Christian Cultural Center is A.R. The Influentials: Religion is <mask>'s official website.

48884093

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idan%20Raichel

Idan Raichel

Idan Raichel (, ; b. 12 September 1977) is an Israeli singer-songwriter and musician known for his "Idan Raichel Project" (Hebrew: ), distinctive for its fusion of electronics, traditional Hebrew texts, and diverse musical influences. Prior to the project, Raichel was a keyboardist, collaborating with artists such as Ivri Lider. Biography Idan Raichel was born in Kfar Saba, Israel, to an Ashkenazi Jewish family from Eastern Europe. He began to play the accordion at the age of nine. He was attracted to gypsy music and tango, and studied jazz piano in high school. Raichel played in the Israel Defense Forces army band at the age of 18, performing covers of Israeli and Western pop hits at military bases around the country. As the musical director of the band, he learned to do arrangements and produce live shows. Following his military service, Raichel worked as a counselor at Hadassim, a boarding school for immigrants. There he met young Ethiopian Jews who took him to Ethiopian bars and clubs in Tel Aviv and introduced him to Ethiopian folk and pop music, including that of Mahmoud Ahmed, Aster Aweke, and Gigi. Music career After working as a backup musician and recording with some of Israel's most popular singers, Raichel struck out on his own. He began working on a demo recording in Kfar Saba and invited other singers and musicians to collaborate with him to create a new synthesis of sounds and styles. He released two albums locally before signing an international deal. The Idan Raichel Project and Mi'Ma'amakim The diversity of the Jewish diaspora and Israeli citizenry interested Raichel and influenced his musical career. He has worked with Ethiopian Jews, Arabs, traditional Yemenite vocalists, a toaster and percussionist from Suriname, and a South African singer, among others. The global fusion sound of the song "Bo'ee" ("Come with Me") propelled his group to the top of the charts. The Idan Raichel Project's self-titled first album focuses on these cross-cultural collaborations. It was released in Israel in 2002 and followed by a second album, Out of the Depths, in 2005. This collaboration became a platform for the emergence of ethnic singers such as Cabra Casay, an Ethiopian Jew born in a refugee camp in Sudan, and Ravid Kahalani, from the band Yemen Blues, who explores his Yemenite roots. The Yemenite-Israeli singer Shoshana Damari performed with the group just before she died in 2006 at the age of 86. The Idan Raichel Project has released four albums as well as a collection of live recordings in Israel on the Helicon Label. Cumbancha, a US-based record label, released the group's first album worldwide in 2006. The album also received a nomination for Award for World Music by BBC Radio 3. Within My Walls, Open Door The Idan Raichel Project issued its second international release, Within My Walls, in 2008. Raichel recorded much of this album while he was on tour in impromptu settings. During his travels, he met musicians from around the world and exchanged musical ideas with them along the way. He recorded and co-wrote songs with Colombian singer Marta Gómez, Cape Verdean Mayra Andrade, and Rwandan/Ugandan Somi. The group performed at a number of international festivals and traveled to and performed across Europe, South and Central America, Asia, and Africa. Raichel later worked with Grammy Award winner India.Arie on a project called Open Door. They began working together in 2008 when India was visiting Israel. Together, they performed at the Kennedy Center in Washington, DC in front of President Barack Obama on Martin Luther King Jr. Day after Obama's election. They also played the song "Gift of Acceptance" at the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize gala event. In August 2011, the duet performed at the dedication ceremony for the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial in Washington, D.C. on their US tour. Raichel and India.Arie produced Arie's first single, "6th Avenue", from her 2013 album Songversation. Shimon Peres, then-president of Israel, asked Raichel to compose music for a poem Peres wrote about Israel's Ethiopian community. Quarter to Six The project's next album, Reva LaShesh ("Quarter to Six"), was released in 2013. It includes guest appearances by Portuguese fado star Ana Moura, Palestinian-Israeli singer Mira Awad, German countertenor Andreas Scholl, Colombia's Marta Gómez, Vieux Farka Touré, and some of Israel's up-and-coming artists. Quarter to Six reached triple-platinum sales status in Israel, selling over 116,000 copies. The Project played at a private concert for President Barack Obama during his visit to Israel in March 2013. Raichel was invited by pop star Alicia Keys to perform a duet with her on stage at the Nokia Stadium in Tel Aviv. One month later, Raichel shared the stage with Patrick Bruel. At the end of the Jewish year in September, Pnai Plus, an Israeli entertainment magazine, voted Idan Raichel "Man of the Year". The song "Ba'Layla (At Night)" was voted "Song of the Year". Raichel was also named "Musician of the Year" in 2013 and 2014 by Galgalatz radio station. The Idan Raichel Project placed no.1 in Media Forest's chart of "The Most Broadcast Group" in Israel for 2013 and 2014, as well as "Group of the Year" in various media charts for 2014. In September 2014, Alicia Keys invited Raichel and Palestinian singer and qanun player Ali Amr to join her on stage at the Global Citizen Festival in New York's Central Park to perform her song "We Are Here". On 3 July 2014, Raichel and 18 members of his project performed at Yarkon Park, Tel Aviv, in front of 20,000 people On 12 January 2015, Raichel joined Patrick Bruel and Moroccan singer Youness El Guezouli on stage at the Paris Opera to sing "Pourquoi ne pas y croire…" (Why Not Believe) in French, Arabic, and Hebrew In 2015, Raichel continued to perform and collaborate with various musicians, including Italian singer Ornella Vanoni, Cuban singer Danay Suarez, and Portuguese singer Antonio Zambujo. He also toured extensively, including December 2015 shows in Japan with the Project, a series of concerts in Germany with Andreas Scholl, and an appearance at the Jazz a la Villette festival in Paris with The Touré-Raichel Collective in September 2015. The Touré-Raichel Collective Raichel incidentally met Vieux Farka Touré, son of Ali Farka Toure, at an airport in 2008. Toure was invited to Israel to perform at the Tel Aviv Opera House with Raichel in 2010, and this led to the formation of The Touré-Raichel Collective, a collaboration of Malian and Israeli musicians. The collective recorded an album together, The Tel Aviv Session, which reached the number one spot on the iTunes World Music sales charts and made number 2 on the Billboard World Music Chart. In September 2014, The Touré-Raichel Collective released their second album, The Paris Session, with Daby Touré on bass, Israeli trumpeter Niv Toar, Malian singer Seckouba Diabate, and others. In November 2014, Raichel toured the United States and Canada alongside Vieux Farka Touré with the Touré-Raichel Collective. Their performance at Symphony Space in New York City, presented by World Music Institute, was previewed in a feature article in The New York Times, where music critic Larry Rohter described the Touré-Raichel Collective as "one of the most fruitful and intriguing collaborations in the grab-bag genre known as world music." While in New York, The Touré-Rachel Collective also appeared on WNYC radio's Soundcheck. At the Edge of the Beginning On 22 January 2016, Raichel's first solo album, At the Edge of the Beginning, was released worldwide. Raichel followed this with a set of solo piano concerts titled "Idan Raichel – Piano – Songs". He also toured with the Idan Raichel Project and with "Idan Raichel - Piano Concert with Friends" throughout Europe and the US. In February 2016, he performed at the Konzerthaus in Vienna. 2017–2018 January 2017 saw the release of the single "Spinning Wheel", followed in May by "A Love Like This", for which Raichel chose Zehava Ben as the vocalist. In February 2017, just before Raichel set off on another long tour of performances in Europe and the US, there was a gala evening at the Tel Aviv Museum of Art to celebrate the museum's flagship exhibition "Regarding Africa – Contemporary Art and Afro-Futurism". During the evening, Raichel was presented with a special award in recognition of his contribution in bringing peoples together through music. At the same time, the "Raichel – Piano – Songs" tour became a huge success. The show, in which Raichel at last realised his dream of getting close up to his audience and presenting his songs in their original format of piano and voice, stretched into 150 shows in Europe, the US, South America, and Israel, where it ran for 17 successive dates at the Shuni Amphitheater. Raichel recorded all the shows at Shuni and selected the best and the most moving of the recordings, giving rise to a new 36-track live album, Raichel – Piano – Songs, which included new versions of some of his biggest hits as well as songs which he had composed for other artists. The new album was released in September 2017 and the tour was rounded out with a series of shows at the Shuni Amphitheater in October 2017. In June 2018, the album was certified Gold. The Latin Grammy Awards ceremony was held in November 2017, and amongst the nominees for "Album of the Year" was Danay Suárez's album Palabras Manuales, which included a version of the Cuban songstress and Raichel dueting on a new version of "Closer Now" from the album Quarter to Six. In February 2018, Raichel released a single called "And If You’ll Come to Me". The song was produced cooperatively with musical producer Noam Akrabi. In May 2018, Raichel released the single "Beresheet". The song was written during his travels around the world and inspired by his encounters with people from India and Africa. The song is accompanied by a music video showcasing sand artist Ilana Yahav. In June 2018, there was a multidisciplinary festival, Raichel's brainchild, at the Live Park Amphitheater in Rishon LeZion. This ten-day festival featured a blend of music, food, and art alongside a few special appearances by The Idan Raichel Project in their new lineup. Within the framework of the festival, there was a culinary area under the direction of chef Yuval Ben Neriah, an exhibition of photographs by Ziv Koren, and a stage for performances by musicians such as SHIRAN, Di Gasen Trio, Quarter to Africa, Yossi Fine, and others. 2019–present: And If You Will Come to Me Raichel released his second solo studio album, And If You Will Come to Me, on 31 January 2019. The record reflected the next phase in a personal journey that began three years before, when Raichel put the Idan Raichel Project, at the time a 14-piece band, on hiatus and began performing more intimate solo and small-ensemble concerts. Along with guest musicians from Japan, Bulgaria, Ethiopia, Cuba, and India, And If You Will Come to Me features duets with Nigerien guitar player Bombino, Cuban Grammy nominee Danay Suarez, Israeli stars Berry Sakharof and Zehava Ben, and a new studio track with the reunited Idan Raichel Project. The album's title track, "Ve'Eem Tavo'ee Elay" (in Hebrew), became one of Raichel's biggest hits in Israel, with 20 million streams on YouTube alone, and the singles from the album have racked up a total of 35 million YouTube plays. Raichel supported the release of the album with four arena shows in Tel Aviv, followed by an extensive international tour in March 2019, including shows in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, Italy, Switzerland, and the US. On 18 May 2019, the Idan Raichel Project played at the Grand Final of the 2019 Eurovision Song Contest. A year later, in 2020, he cowrote, with Doron Medalie, the song "Feker Libi", recorded by Eden Alene. The song was to represent Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020; the event was cancelled, however, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Musical style Raichel's style has Middle-Eastern influences but also draws on Latin American and African music. While the majority of his songs are in Hebrew, a few are entirely in Arabic, while others include small passages in Amharic, by male and female voices, setting traditional-sounding tunes to modern music. Love songs predominate in his Hebrew lyrics, including "Hinech Yafah" (הינך יפה / "Thou Art Fair"), based on the Song of Songs. Another of his songs, "B'rachot L'shanah Chadashah" (ברכות לשנה חדשה / "Blessings for a New Year"), is sourced from Jewish liturgy, with voices reciting traditional Jewish blessings. Awards and recognition On 16 January 2014, ACUM announced that Idan Raichel had won the ACUM Prize as Composer of the Year 2013 for Quarter to Six. On 1 November 2014, Raichel received the MTV role model award introduced by Alicia Keys. On 8 May 2016, he received the 2016 "Unsung Hero Award" from the Drum Major Institute. The award was conferred by Martin Luther King III. This was the first time the organization had granted the award to a non-US citizen. On 6 June 2016, Raichel was awarded an honorary fellowship at the Israel Museum: "Idan's creative commitment to cross-cultural connections very much reflects the museum's own commitment to the singular power that is achieved by recognizing the ways that all things connect across time and geography, merging local and universal cultural strains to achieve global expression". On 7 July 2016, Raichel received a special citation from B'nai B'rith International: "The international musical cooperations that Raichel has created throughout his career have turned him into a cultural ambassador for millions of fans, representing a world full of hope in which musical collaborations remove boundaries between people coming from different backgrounds and cultures". In 2020, Raichel was chosen to light the Independence Day torch. On 30 May 2021, Raichel was awarded an honorary doctorate from Bar-Ilan University for his contribution to the world of Israeli and international music. Professor Arie Zaban, president of the University, said in a conversation with Raichel: "We are honored to present you with an honorary doctorate. The degree is awarded to you in appreciation for, and recognition of, your work and unique contribution to Israeli music. Integrating diverse cultural layers is the hallmark of your work, and you have demonstrated an ability to integrate a wide variety of people in the projects that you lead." Views and opinions Raichel has expressed the view that real peace can come when people understand and learn about each other's culture. The artist used his Instagram account to defend Doron Zahavi (code name: Captain George), a former interrogator for Unit 504 of the Israeli Military Intelligence, who was accused of using torture and sodomy in the process of interrogating Mustafa Dirani. In this context, Raichel wrote, "I really don't care how 'George' extracted information", adding that "instead of receiving a medal of valor, he must now defend his name. This is a disgrace." In a 2015 interview in Yedioth Ahronoth, Raichel was asked about this and said: "If you have a daughter and someone kidnapped her, you investigate that someone and your child's life is at risk. If she is my daughter, I would do whatever necessary to know where she is and to get the information that would save her life. Regardless if that someone is Muslim, Jewish or Christian. It is an example of unnecessary harsh criticism. The intention of the thing was taken out of context." In 2013, Raichel expressed his view that Israeli artists have a duty to play an active role in public relations for the Jewish state. He also asserted that Israeli conscientious objectors are at the very bottom of Israeli society. In December 2015, the musician took part in "Let's Speak More Music", a UN project called "United Pianos", in which eleven renowned pianists from all across the globe collaborated to play Sergei Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf. The goal of the video was "to promote tolerance and unity through music." Discography Studio albums Compilation albums Live albums See also Music in Israel References External links Curriculum based on several of Idan Raichel's songs National Public Radio Interview: Israeli Musicians Find Unity in Cultural Fusion Israeli keyboardists 1977 births Israeli composers Israeli people of Ashkenazi descent 21st-century Israeli male singers Israeli record producers Jewish musicians Living people People from Kfar Saba Israeli male singer-songwriters Israeli music arrangers

<mask> (, ; b. 12 September 1977) is an Israeli singer-songwriter and musician known for his "Idan Raichel Project" (Hebrew: ), distinctive for its fusion of electronics, traditional Hebrew texts, and diverse musical influences. Prior to the project, <mask> was a keyboardist, collaborating with artists such as Ivri Lider. Biography <mask> was born in Kfar Saba, Israel, to an Ashkenazi Jewish family from Eastern Europe. He began to play the accordion at the age of nine. He was attracted to gypsy music and tango, and studied jazz piano in high school. <mask> played in the Israel Defense Forces army band at the age of 18, performing covers of Israeli and Western pop hits at military bases around the country.As the musical director of the band, he learned to do arrangements and produce live shows. Following his military service, <mask> worked as a counselor at Hadassim, a boarding school for immigrants. There he met young Ethiopian Jews who took him to Ethiopian bars and clubs in Tel Aviv and introduced him to Ethiopian folk and pop music, including that of Mahmoud Ahmed, Aster Aweke, and Gigi. Music career After working as a backup musician and recording with some of Israel's most popular singers, <mask> struck out on his own. He began working on a demo recording in Kfar Saba and invited other singers and musicians to collaborate with him to create a new synthesis of sounds and styles. He released two albums locally before signing an international deal. The Idan Raichel Project and Mi'Ma'amakim The diversity of the Jewish diaspora and Israeli citizenry interested <mask> and influenced his musical career.He has worked with Ethiopian Jews, Arabs, traditional Yemenite vocalists, a toaster and percussionist from Suriname, and a South African singer, among others. The global fusion sound of the song "Bo'ee" ("Come with Me") propelled his group to the top of the charts. The Idan Raichel Project's self-titled first album focuses on these cross-cultural collaborations. It was released in Israel in 2002 and followed by a second album, Out of the Depths, in 2005. This collaboration became a platform for the emergence of ethnic singers such as Cabra Casay, an Ethiopian Jew born in a refugee camp in Sudan, and Ravid Kahalani, from the band Yemen Blues, who explores his Yemenite roots. The Yemenite-Israeli singer Shoshana Damari performed with the group just before she died in 2006 at the age of 86. The Idan Raichel Project has released four albums as well as a collection of live recordings in Israel on the Helicon Label.Cumbancha, a US-based record label, released the group's first album worldwide in 2006. The album also received a nomination for Award for World Music by BBC Radio 3. Within My Walls, Open Door The Idan Raichel Project issued its second international release, Within My Walls, in 2008. <mask> recorded much of this album while he was on tour in impromptu settings. During his travels, he met musicians from around the world and exchanged musical ideas with them along the way. He recorded and co-wrote songs with Colombian singer Marta Gómez, Cape Verdean Mayra Andrade, and Rwandan/Ugandan Somi. The group performed at a number of international festivals and traveled to and performed across Europe, South and Central America, Asia, and Africa.<mask> later worked with Grammy Award winner India.Arie on a project called Open Door. They began working together in 2008 when India was visiting Israel. Together, they performed at the Kennedy Center in Washington, DC in front of President Barack Obama on Martin Luther King Jr. Day after Obama's election. They also played the song "Gift of Acceptance" at the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize gala event. In August 2011, the duet performed at the dedication ceremony for the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial in Washington, D.C. on their US tour. <mask> and India.Arie produced Arie's first single, "6th Avenue", from her 2013 album Songversation. Shimon Peres, then-president of Israel, asked <mask> to compose music for a poem Peres wrote about Israel's Ethiopian community.Quarter to Six The project's next album, Reva LaShesh ("Quarter to Six"), was released in 2013. It includes guest appearances by Portuguese fado star Ana Moura, Palestinian-Israeli singer Mira Awad, German countertenor Andreas Scholl, Colombia's Marta Gómez, Vieux Farka Touré, and some of Israel's up-and-coming artists. Quarter to Six reached triple-platinum sales status in Israel, selling over 116,000 copies. The Project played at a private concert for President Barack Obama during his visit to Israel in March 2013. <mask> was invited by pop star Alicia Keys to perform a duet with her on stage at the Nokia Stadium in Tel Aviv. One month later, <mask> shared the stage with Patrick Bruel. At the end of the Jewish year in September, Pnai Plus, an Israeli entertainment magazine, voted <mask> <mask> "Man of the Year".The song "Ba'Layla (At Night)" was voted "Song of the Year". <mask> was also named "Musician of the Year" in 2013 and 2014 by Galgalatz radio station. The Idan Raichel Project placed no.1 in Media Forest's chart of "The Most Broadcast Group" in Israel for 2013 and 2014, as well as "Group of the Year" in various media charts for 2014. In September 2014, Alicia Keys invited Raichel and Palestinian singer and qanun player Ali Amr to join her on stage at the Global Citizen Festival in New York's Central Park to perform her song "We Are Here". On 3 July 2014, <mask> and 18 members of his project performed at Yarkon Park, Tel Aviv, in front of 20,000 people On 12 January 2015, <mask> joined Patrick Bruel and Moroccan singer Youness El Guezouli on stage at the Paris Opera to sing "Pourquoi ne pas y croire…" (Why Not Believe) in French, Arabic, and Hebrew In 2015, <mask> continued to perform and collaborate with various musicians, including Italian singer Ornella Vanoni, Cuban singer Danay Suarez, and Portuguese singer Antonio Zambujo. He also toured extensively, including December 2015 shows in Japan with the Project, a series of concerts in Germany with Andreas Scholl, and an appearance at the Jazz a la Villette festival in Paris with The Touré-Raichel Collective in September 2015. The Touré-Raichel Collective <mask> incidentally met Vieux Farka Touré, son of Ali Farka Toure, at an airport in 2008.Toure was invited to Israel to perform at the Tel Aviv Opera House with <mask> in 2010, and this led to the formation of The Touré-Raichel Collective, a collaboration of Malian and Israeli musicians. The collective recorded an album together, The Tel Aviv Session, which reached the number one spot on the iTunes World Music sales charts and made number 2 on the Billboard World Music Chart. In September 2014, The Touré-Raichel Collective released their second album, The Paris Session, with Daby Touré on bass, Israeli trumpeter Niv Toar, Malian singer Seckouba Diabate, and others. In November 2014, Raichel toured the United States and Canada alongside Vieux Farka Touré with the Touré-Raichel Collective. Their performance at Symphony Space in New York City, presented by World Music Institute, was previewed in a feature article in The New York Times, where music critic Larry Rohter described the Touré-Raichel Collective as "one of the most fruitful and intriguing collaborations in the grab-bag genre known as world music." While in New York, The Touré-Rachel Collective also appeared on WNYC radio's Soundcheck. At the Edge of the Beginning On 22 January 2016, <mask>'s first solo album, At the Edge of the Beginning, was released worldwide.<mask> followed this with a set of solo piano concerts titled "Idan <mask> – Piano – Songs". He also toured with the Idan Raichel Project and with "Idan Raichel - Piano Concert with Friends" throughout Europe and the US. In February 2016, he performed at the Konzerthaus in Vienna. 2017–2018 January 2017 saw the release of the single "Spinning Wheel", followed in May by "A Love Like This", for which <mask> chose Zehava Ben as the vocalist. In February 2017, just before <mask> set off on another long tour of performances in Europe and the US, there was a gala evening at the Tel Aviv Museum of Art to celebrate the museum's flagship exhibition "Regarding Africa – Contemporary Art and Afro-Futurism". During the evening, <mask> was presented with a special award in recognition of his contribution in bringing peoples together through music. At the same time, the "Raichel – Piano – Songs" tour became a huge success.The show, in which <mask> at last realised his dream of getting close up to his audience and presenting his songs in their original format of piano and voice, stretched into 150 shows in Europe, the US, South America, and Israel, where it ran for 17 successive dates at the Shuni Amphitheater. <mask> recorded all the shows at Shuni and selected the best and the most moving of the recordings, giving rise to a new 36-track live album, <mask> – Piano – Songs, which included new versions of some of his biggest hits as well as songs which he had composed for other artists. The new album was released in September 2017 and the tour was rounded out with a series of shows at the Shuni Amphitheater in October 2017. In June 2018, the album was certified Gold. The Latin Grammy Awards ceremony was held in November 2017, and amongst the nominees for "Album of the Year" was Danay Suárez's album Palabras Manuales, which included a version of the Cuban songstress and <mask> dueting on a new version of "Closer Now" from the album Quarter to Six. In February 2018, <mask> released a single called "And If You’ll Come to Me". The song was produced cooperatively with musical producer Noam Akrabi.In May 2018, <mask> released the single "Beresheet". The song was written during his travels around the world and inspired by his encounters with people from India and Africa. The song is accompanied by a music video showcasing sand artist Ilana Yahav. In June 2018, there was a multidisciplinary festival, <mask>'s brainchild, at the Live Park Amphitheater in Rishon LeZion. This ten-day festival featured a blend of music, food, and art alongside a few special appearances by The Idan Raichel Project in their new lineup. Within the framework of the festival, there was a culinary area under the direction of chef Yuval Ben Neriah, an exhibition of photographs by Ziv Koren, and a stage for performances by musicians such as SHIRAN, Di Gasen Trio, Quarter to Africa, Yossi Fine, and others. 2019–present: And If You Will Come to Me <mask> released his second solo studio album, And If You Will Come to Me, on 31 January 2019.The record reflected the next phase in a personal journey that began three years before, when <mask> put the Idan Raichel Project, at the time a 14-piece band, on hiatus and began performing more intimate solo and small-ensemble concerts. Along with guest musicians from Japan, Bulgaria, Ethiopia, Cuba, and India, And If You Will Come to Me features duets with Nigerien guitar player Bombino, Cuban Grammy nominee Danay Suarez, Israeli stars Berry Sakharof and Zehava Ben, and a new studio track with the reunited Idan Raichel Project. The album's title track, "Ve'Eem Tavo'ee Elay" (in Hebrew), became one of <mask>'s biggest hits in Israel, with 20 million streams on YouTube alone, and the singles from the album have racked up a total of 35 million YouTube plays. <mask> supported the release of the album with four arena shows in Tel Aviv, followed by an extensive international tour in March 2019, including shows in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Austria, Italy, Switzerland, and the US. On 18 May 2019, the Idan Raichel Project played at the Grand Final of the 2019 Eurovision Song Contest. A year later, in 2020, he cowrote, with Doron Medalie, the song "Feker Libi", recorded by Eden Alene. The song was to represent Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020; the event was cancelled, however, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.Musical style <mask>'s style has Middle-Eastern influences but also draws on Latin American and African music. While the majority of his songs are in Hebrew, a few are entirely in Arabic, while others include small passages in Amharic, by male and female voices, setting traditional-sounding tunes to modern music. Love songs predominate in his Hebrew lyrics, including "Hinech Yafah" (הינך יפה / "Thou Art Fair"), based on the Song of Songs. Another of his songs, "B'rachot L'shanah Chadashah" (ברכות לשנה חדשה / "Blessings for a New Year"), is sourced from Jewish liturgy, with voices reciting traditional Jewish blessings. Awards and recognition On 16 January 2014, ACUM announced that <mask> <mask> had won the ACUM Prize as Composer of the Year 2013 for Quarter to Six. On 1 November 2014, <mask> received the MTV role model award introduced by Alicia Keys. On 8 May 2016, he received the 2016 "Unsung Hero Award" from the Drum Major Institute.The award was conferred by Martin Luther King III. This was the first time the organization had granted the award to a non-US citizen. On 6 June 2016, <mask> was awarded an honorary fellowship at the Israel Museum: "Idan's creative commitment to cross-cultural connections very much reflects the museum's own commitment to the singular power that is achieved by recognizing the ways that all things connect across time and geography, merging local and universal cultural strains to achieve global expression". On 7 July 2016, <mask> received a special citation from B'nai B'rith International: "The international musical cooperations that <mask> has created throughout his career have turned him into a cultural ambassador for millions of fans, representing a world full of hope in which musical collaborations remove boundaries between people coming from different backgrounds and cultures". In 2020, <mask> was chosen to light the Independence Day torch. On 30 May 2021, <mask> was awarded an honorary doctorate from Bar-Ilan University for his contribution to the world of Israeli and international music. Professor Arie Zaban, president of the University, said in a conversation with <mask>: "We are honored to present you with an honorary doctorate.The degree is awarded to you in appreciation for, and recognition of, your work and unique contribution to Israeli music. Integrating diverse cultural layers is the hallmark of your work, and you have demonstrated an ability to integrate a wide variety of people in the projects that you lead." Views and opinions <mask> has expressed the view that real peace can come when people understand and learn about each other's culture. The artist used his Instagram account to defend Doron Zahavi (code name: Captain George), a former interrogator for Unit 504 of the Israeli Military Intelligence, who was accused of using torture and sodomy in the process of interrogating Mustafa Dirani. In this context, <mask> wrote, "I really don't care how 'George' extracted information", adding that "instead of receiving a medal of valor, he must now defend his name. This is a disgrace." In a 2015 interview in Yedioth Ahronoth, <mask> was asked about this and said: "If you have a daughter and someone kidnapped her, you investigate that someone and your child's life is at risk.If she is my daughter, I would do whatever necessary to know where she is and to get the information that would save her life. Regardless if that someone is Muslim, Jewish or Christian. It is an example of unnecessary harsh criticism. The intention of the thing was taken out of context." In 2013, <mask> expressed his view that Israeli artists have a duty to play an active role in public relations for the Jewish state. He also asserted that Israeli conscientious objectors are at the very bottom of Israeli society. In December 2015, the musician took part in "Let's Speak More Music", a UN project called "United Pianos", in which eleven renowned pianists from all across the globe collaborated to play Sergei Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf.The goal of the video was "to promote tolerance and unity through music." Discography Studio albums Compilation albums Live albums See also Music in Israel References External links Curriculum based on several of <mask> <mask>'s songs National Public Radio Interview: Israeli Musicians Find Unity in Cultural Fusion Israeli keyboardists 1977 births Israeli composers Israeli people of Ashkenazi descent 21st-century Israeli male singers Israeli record producers Jewish musicians Living people People from Kfar Saba Israeli male singer-songwriters Israeli music arrangers

Idan Raichel was 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 800-211-2519 The "Idan Raichel Project" is a unique fusion of electronics, traditional Hebrew texts, and diverse musical influences. <mask> was a keyboardist before the project. <mask> was born to an Ashkenazi Jewish family from Eastern Europe. He started playing the accordion at the age of nine. He studied jazz piano in high school. Raichel played in the Israel Defense Forces army band at the age of 18 and performed covers of Israeli and Western pop hits at military bases around the country.He was the musical director of the band. <mask> was a counselor at Hadassim, a boarding school for immigrants. He was introduced to Ethiopia's folk and pop music by young Jews who took him to bars and clubs in Tel Aviv. <mask> struck out on his own after working as a backup musician and recording with some of Israel's most popular singers. He invited other singers and musicians to collaborate with him to create a new synthesis of sounds and styles. He signed an international deal after releasing two albums. <mask>'s musical career was influenced by the diversity of the Jewish diaspora and Israeli citizens.He has worked with a number of people, including a South African singer. The global fusion sound of the song "Bo'ee" propelled his group to the top of the charts. The first album of the Idan Raichel Project focuses on cross-cultural collaborations. It was released in Israel in 2002 and followed by a second album in 2005. The emergence of ethnic singers such as Cabra Casay, an Ethiopia Jew who was born in a refugee camp in Sudan, and the band Yemen Blues, which explores his Yemenite roots, was a result of this collaboration. The Yemenite-Israeli singer Shoshana Damari died in 2006 at the age of 86. Four albums and a collection of live recordings in Israel have been released by the Idan Raichel Project.The group's first album was released by a US-based record label. The album was nominated for an Award for World Music. The Idan Raichel Project released its second international release, Within My Walls, in 2008. <mask> recorded a lot of this album while on tour. During his travels, he met musicians from around the world and exchanged musical ideas. He recorded and co- wrote songs with other people. The group traveled to and performed at a number of international festivals.India.Arie was a part of the project called Open Door. When India was in Israel, they began working together. On Martin Luther King Jr. Day after Obama's election, they performed in front of him at the Kennedy Center. The song "Gift of Acceptance" was played at the event. The duet performed at the dedication ceremony for the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial in Washington, D.C. Arie produced her first single, "6th Avenue", from her album Songversation. <mask> was asked by the president of Israel to compose music for a poem.Reva LaShesh was the project's next album. There are guest appearances by Portuguese fado star Ana Moura, Palestinian-Israeli singer Mira Awad, German countertenor Andreas Scholl, and some of Israel's up-and-coming artists. Quarter to Six sold over 116,000 copies in Israel. The Project played at a concert for President Barack Obama in Israel. <mask> was invited to perform a duet with Keys on stage in Tel Aviv. <mask> and Patrick Bruel shared the stage one month later. Pnai Plus, an Israeli entertainment magazine, voted <mask> <mask> "Man of the Year" at the end of the Jewish year."Ba'Layla (At Night)" was voted the "Song of the Year". The Galgalatz radio station named <mask> the "Musician of the Year" in two of the last three years. The Idan Raichel Project placed no.1 in Media Forest's chart of "The Most Broadcast Group" in Israel for two years in a row. At the Global Citizen Festival in New York's Central Park, <mask> and Ali Amr were invited by Keys to join her on stage to perform her song "We Are Here". <mask> and 18 members of his project performed at Yarkon Park, Tel Aviv, in front of 20,000 people. He performed at the Jazz a la Villette festival in Paris in September 2015, as well as a series of concerts in Germany and Japan with the Project. Vieux Farka Toure, son of Ali Farka Toure, met the Collective Raichel at an airport in 2008.Toure was invited to Israel to perform at the Tel Aviv Opera House with <mask> in 2010, and this led to the formation of The Touré-Raichel Collective, a collaboration of Malian and Israeli musicians. The collective's album, The Tel Aviv Session, reached the number one spot on the world music sales charts and the number two spot on the world music chart. The Paris Session was the second album by The Touré-Raichel Collective and features Israeli trumpeter Niv Toar, Malian singer Seckouba Diabate, and others. Raichel toured the United States and Canada with the Touré-Raichel Collective. Their performance at Symphony Space in New York City, presented by World Music Institute, was previewed in a feature article in The New York Times. WNYC radio's Soundcheck featured The Touré-Rachel Collective. <mask>'s first solo album, At the Edge of the Beginning, was released on January 22, 2016 worldwide.<mask> <mask> had a set of solo piano concerts. He toured with the "Idan Raichel - Piano Concert with Friends" throughout Europe and the US. He performed at the Konzerthaus in Vienna. The single "Spinning Wheel" and the song "A Love Like This" were released in January and May, respectively. There was a celebration at the Tel Aviv Museum of Art in February of last year, just before <mask> set off on another long tour of performances in Europe and the US. <mask> was presented with a special award for his contribution to bringing people together through music. The "Raichel - Piano - Songs" tour became a huge success.The show stretched into 150 shows in Europe, the US, South America, and Israel, where it ran for 17 consecutive dates at the Shuni. <mask> recorded all the shows at Shuni and selected the best and most moving of the recordings, giving rise to a new 36-track live album, Raichel - Piano - Songs, which included new versions of some of his biggest hits as well as songs which he had composed for other artists The new album was released in September of last year and was followed by a series of shows at the Shuni Amphitheater in October. The album was certified gold in June. Danay Surez's album Palabras Manuales was nominated for "Album of the Year" at the Latin Grammys in November of last year, along with a new version of "Closer Now" from <mask>. <mask> released a single called "And If You'll Come to Me". Noam Akrabi produced the song.The single "Beresheet" was released in May. The song was inspired by his encounters with people from India and Africa. The song is accompanied by a music video. The Live Park Amphitheater in Rishon LeZion hosted a multidisciplinary festival in June of last year. The ten-day festival featured a blend of music, food, and art along with a few special appearances by The Idan Raichel Project. An exhibition of photographs by Ziv Koren was part of the framework of the festival, as well as a stage for performances by musicians. On January 31, <mask> released his second solo studio album, And If You Will Come to Me.The record reflected the next phase in a personal journey that began three years before, when <mask> put the Idan Raichel Project, a 14-piece band, on hiatus and began performing more intimate solo and small-ensemble concerts. Along with guest musicians from Japan, Bulgaria, Ethiopia, Cuba, and India, and a new studio track, And If You Will Come to Me features duets with Bombino, Danay Suarez, and Berry Sakharof. The album's title track, "Ve'Eem Tavo'ee Elay" (in Hebrew), became one of Raichel's biggest hits in Israel, with 20 million streams on YouTube alone, and the singles from the album have racked up a total of 35 million plays <mask> supported the release of the album with four arena shows in Tel Aviv, followed by an extensive international tour in March 2019. The Idan Raichel Project played at the Grand Final of the Eurovision Song Contest. He and Doron Medalie wrote a song together in 2020. The song was supposed to represent Israel in the contest, but it was canceled due to the disease.Middle-Eastern influences are what <mask>'s style has. While the majority of his songs are in Hebrew, a few are entirely in Arabic, while others include small passages in Amharic, setting traditional-sounding tunes to modern music. His Hebrew lyrics include "Hinech Yafah" ( / "Thou Art Fair"), which is based on the Song of Songs. "B'rachot L'shanah Chadashah" ( / "Blessings for a New Year"), is one of his songs that is derived from Jewish liturgy. <mask> <mask> won the ACUM Prize as Composer of the Year for Quarter to Six. <mask> received the MTV role model award. He received the "Unsung Hero Award" from the Drum Major Institute.Martin Luther King III gave the award. This was the first time that the organization had given the award to a non-US citizen. The Israel Museum has a commitment to the singular power that is achieved by recognizing the ways that all things connect across time and geography. The international musical cooperations that <mask> has created throughout his career have turned him into a cultural ambassador for millions of fans, representing a world full of hope in which musical collaborations remove boundaries between people. <mask> was chosen to light the torch in 2020. <mask> was awarded a doctorate from Bar-Ilan University in May of 2021, for his contribution to the world of Israeli and international music. Professor Arie Zaban, president of the University, said in a conversation with <mask>: "We are honored to present you with an honorary doctorate."The degree is given to you for your work and contribution to Israeli music. Integrating diverse cultural layers is the hallmark of your work, and you have demonstrated an ability to integrate a wide variety of people in the projects that you lead. <mask> believes that peace can come when people understand and learn about each other's culture. The artist used his account to defend Doron Zahavi, a former interrogator for Unit 504 of the Israeli Military Intelligence, who was accused of using torture and sodomy in the process of interrogating a man. <mask> wrote, "I really don't care how 'George' extracts information, he must now defend his name." This is a disgrace. <mask> told Yedioth Ahronoth that if you have a daughter and someone kidnapped her, you investigate that someone and your child's life is at risk.If she is my daughter, I would do everything in my power to find her and get the information that would save her life. If that person is Muslim, Jewish or Christian, that's fine. It is an example of unwarranted criticism. The intent of the thing was taken out of context. <mask> believed that Israeli artists have a duty to play an active role in public relations for the Jewish state. He said that Israeli conscientious objectors are at the bottom of society. In December 2015, the musician took part in "Let's Speak More Music", a UN project called "United Pianos", in which eleven renowned pianists from all across the globe collaborated to play Sergei Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf.To promote tolerance and unity through music is the goal of the video. Music in Israel References External links Curriculum based on several of <mask> <mask>'s songs National Public Radio Interview: Israeli musicians find unity in cultural fusion Israeli keyboardists 1977 births Israeli composers Israeli people of Ashkenazi descent 21st-century Israeli male singers

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Fetterman

John Fetterman

John Karl Fetterman (born August 15, 1969) is an American politician serving as the 34th Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania since 2019. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as Mayor of Braddock from 2005 to 2019. Fetterman was a candidate in the United States Senate election in Pennsylvania for 2016 and is running again in 2022. Early life and education Fetterman was born in 1969 at Reading Hospital in West Reading, Pennsylvania, to Karl and Susan Fetterman. Fetterman has described his parents as having started out "extremely poor," with both being teenagers at the time of John's birth. They eventually moved to York, Pennsylvania, where John grew up and his father achieved success as an insurance business owner. Fetterman has described his upbringing as middle class and "privileged," saying he "sleepwalked" through his young adulthood, avidly playing four years of football in college and intending to eventually take over as owner of his father's business. In 1991 Fetterman graduated from Albright College, also his father's alma mater, with a bachelor's degree in finance and was on his way to earning a Master of Business Administration (MBA) from the University of Connecticut. However, his life took a drastic change after his best friend died in a car accident on his way to drive Fetterman from the gym. Following his friend's death, Fetterman joined Big Brothers Big Sisters of America, pairing with an eight-year-old boy in New Haven, Connecticut, whose father had died from AIDS, and whose mother was slowly dying from the disease. During his time as a Big Brother, Fetterman says he became "preoccupied with the concept of the random lottery of birth," and promised the boy's mother he would continue to look out for her son after she was gone. Afterwards, in 1995, Fetterman joined the recently founded AmeriCorps, and was sent to teach Pittsburgh students pursuing their GEDs. For two years Fetterman worked in Pittsburgh before attending Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government, graduating in 1999 with a Master of Public Policy. Career Fetterman came to Braddock in 2001 to serve with AmeriCorps, helping local youth who had left school to earn their GED, later moving there in 2004. Attracted by what he called the town's "malignant beauty", Fetterman ran against the incumbent mayor in 2005 and won the Democratic primary by a single vote. Fetterman won the general election; he did not face a Republican opponent. As the part-time mayor of Braddock, Fetterman earned $110.22 a month in 2007. His full-time job, directing the Out-Of-School-Youth program, paid around $30,000 annually. In addition to his work with the program, Fetterman established strong relationships with the 16- to 24-year-old population, helping many in finding employment, and working with them with issues involving family, social agencies, and police. He also founded a nonprofit organization called Braddock Redux. Mayor of Braddock (2006–2019) Following his election, Fetterman initiated youth and art programs, created a community center, and tried to initiate development of the town's mostly ruined buildings and poor economy. With family money, Fetterman purchased the town's First Presbyterian Church before demolition for $50,000, living in the basement for several months. He later purchased an adjacent warehouse for $2,000, placed two shipping containers on the roof for "extra living space" and moved in. He has since purchased and renovated many additional houses and offered cheap, even free, rent. Fetterman has attracted many young artists to the town through cheap rent and starting various art exhibitions. The town's "renaissance" has attracted individuals from cities such as Chicago and Portland, Oregon, drawn by the potential for development and growth. Other programs include a two-acre organic urban farm, worked by teenagers of the Braddock Youth Project. Fetterman has several tattoos related to the Braddock community. On his left arm are the numbers 15104 - Braddock's ZIP Code, and on the right, the dates of five murders that occurred in the town while he was elected mayor. As mayor, Fetterman drew international attention for trying to revitalize the economy in Braddock, with an article in The New York Times, an appearance on Comedy Central's The Colbert Report, as well as a Levi's jeans ad. In order to help fund programs, Fetterman established relationships with local non-profit organizations, Allegheny County's economic development program, and county executive Dan Onorato. Opposition to Fetterman's activities while mayor came from borough council president Jesse Brown. In March 2009, Brown ordered the borough's code enforcement officer to cite Fetterman for an occupancy permit violation for a building owned by Fetterman's non-profit organization. A judge later dismissed the complaint. In 2009, Fetterman was re-elected as mayor after winning the Democratic primary against Jayme Cox by a vote of 294 to 103. He handily won the Democratic primaries in 2013 and 2017, and was unopposed in the general election. On November 29, 2010, Fetterman was arrested and immediately released after refusing to leave the property of the U.S. Steel Tower in Pittsburgh. Fetterman was protesting the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center controversial closure of Braddock Hospital, which was met with objections from the community. In January 2013, while mayor, Fetterman came under fire for allegedly pointing a shotgun at an unarmed black man in Braddock. After hearing what he and others thought was gunfire, Fetterman got in his truck and followed a jogger, Chris Miyares. Fetterman said he believed, he "did the right thing". The incident was given renewed attention when Fetterman announced his campaign to replace retiring U.S. Senator Pat Toomey in 2022, with the jogger's ethnicity igniting questions over the possible discriminatory nature of the event. A Republican candidate for Toomey's seat, writer Sean Parnell, tweeted about the incident, and Parnell's attack was retweeted by Donald Trump, Jr. In response to an inquiry launched by The New York Times, Fetterman defended himself and claimed Miyares was running in the direction of an elementary school, and that he made the decision to approach him with the firearm due to the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting occurring the month prior. Fetterman's campaign also said that when initiated the pursuit, and because the jogger was wearing a black sweatsuit and mask, he did not know the jogger's race or gender at the time of the incident. Miyares, who is serving prison time for armed assault and kidnap, said what sounded like gunshots were bottle rockets set off by kids, though Fetterman said no fireworks debris had been found. He added that Fetterman had "done far more good than that one bad act" and, "should not be defined by it," and hoped he would win the senate race. Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania (2019–present) Election On November 14, 2017, Fetterman announced that he would run for the Democratic nomination for Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania, challenging, among others, incumbent Lieutenant Governor Mike Stack. Fetterman was endorsed by Pittsburgh Mayor Bill Peduto, Erin McClelland, Democratic nominee for Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district in 2014 and 2016, and former Pennsylvania Governor and Philadelphia Mayor Ed Rendell. On May 15, Fetterman won the Democratic primary for Lieutenant Governor. Fetterman was a part of the Democratic ticket along with incumbent Governor Tom Wolf. On November 6, 2018, Wolf and Fetterman defeated the Republican ticket of Scott Wagner and Jeff Bartos in the general election. Tenure In November 2020, Fetterman received national press coverage for saying Donald Trump was "no different than any other random internet troll" and that he "can sue a ham sandwich" in response to Trump threatening to file lawsuits in Pennsylvania alleging voter fraud in the 2020 presidential election. The 2020 presidential election in Pennsylvania was won by Joe Biden, who finished over 81 thousand votes ahead of Trump. Trump's claims of voter fraud led to a challenge of the results and Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton filed a suit to overturn the results in Pennsylvania, among other states. Paxton's case was joined by 18 other Republican Attorneys General from other states. Supporting that effort, Texas Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick offered a reward of $1,000,000 to anyone who could prove a case of fraud in the affected states. Fetterman responded by certifying that Pennsylvania had discovered three cases of voter fraud: two men had cast ballots as their dead mothers (both for Trump) and another had voted on behalf of his son as well as himself (also for Trump). Fetterman said that his Texas counterpart needed to pay up, a million for each of these cases. He said he was proud to announce, that Trump "got 100% of the dead mother vote," in Pennsylvania. Fetterman's lampooning of the alleged voting fraud that Trump supporters claimed had stolen the election for Biden got nationwide publicity. U.S. Senate campaigns 2016 On September 14, 2015, Fetterman announced that he would run for the Democratic nomination for the U.S. Senate seat held by Pat Toomey in the 2016 election. His campaign was considered a longshot against two better-known candidates, Katie McGinty and Joe Sestak, the 2010 Democratic nominee for Senate. Fetterman was endorsed by former Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley, former Pennsylvania Treasurer Barbara Hafer, and the PennLive Editorial Board. Fetterman's campaign focused on progressive values and building support through grassroots movement, drawing comparisons to Bernie Sanders. Fetterman was the only statewide Democratic candidate in Pennsylvania to endorse Sanders. Though lacking statewide name recognition, having low campaign funds, and polling as low as 4% a week before the primary, Fetterman was able to garner 20% of the primary vote. Katie McGinty who spent $4,312,688 on the primary and who was endorsed by Barack Obama and many U.S. senators, finished ahead of former congressman and admiral Joe Sestak, who raised $5,064,849, with Fetterman raising $798,981 and finishing third. After the primary Fetterman campaigned on behalf of McGinty, although Toomey ultimately defeated her, winning reelection. 2022 In January 2021, Fetterman announced he was launching an exploratory committee for the 2022 U.S. Senate election in Pennsylvania. On February 4, 2021, Fetterman filed a statement of candidacy with the Federal Election Commission declaring his intention to run for the Senate seat being vacated by retiring Sen. Pat Toomey. On February 8, 2021, he officially entered the U.S. Senate race. Early polls have suggested that he is the frontrunner in the race, though many voters remain undecided. Recognition Fetterman's efforts to create youth-oriented programs, revitalize his town, and attract artists and other "creatives" to his community were featured in The New York Times. An article about him, describing him as "America's coolest mayor", appeared on July 15, 2009, in The Guardian in the United Kingdom. Fetterman was the guest on the Colbert Report on February 25, 2009, discussing the economic difficulties his town faced due to a decreasing population, plummeting real estate values, and bankruptcy. He also questioned why funds from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 could not be used to support projects such as those in Braddock. He appeared again on August 16, 2010, discussing what he had been doing and the town's partnership with Levi Strauss. In 2010, Levi Strauss & Company donated money towards Braddock's revitalization and features the town in an advertising campaign and documentary produced by Sundance Channel. On May 7, 2012, Fetterman was featured on A Day in the Life where he discusses his responsibilities and desires for Braddock, as well as his personal history and views. Fetterman was also a guest on The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore on January 14, 2016, discussing his support for Bernie Sanders in the Democratic primary. He appeared again on July 19, 2016, discussing the state of the 2016 election and Donald Trump. Political positions Fetterman is generally described as a social and fiscal progressive, including by himself, although he holds moderate views on environmental issues like fracking. One of his signature issues is prison reform. Criminal justice reform Prison reform is one of Fetterman's signature issues, advocating for more rehabilitation schemes as well as clemency for model prisoners. A part of his role as lieutenant governor, he serves as the chair of Pennsylvania's Board of Pardons, which processes clemency requests and forwards them to the governor. Fetterman urged the board to process requests more quickly. Fetterman is in favor of abolishing capital punishment in Pennsylvania, stating that he "wholly support[s] Governor Tom Wolf's moratorium on the death penalty." He has called the death penalty "inhumane, antiquated, expensive, and [a] flawed system of punishment." Environmental issues Fetterman frequently emphasizes the need to balance decarbonization efforts with their effects on fossil fuel-industry jobs. He supports permitting fracking, although he advocates for stricter environmental regulations. Marijuana Fetterman is a proponent of legalizing marijuana, calling the issue a "political bazooka" and that leaving the issue alone is giving an opportunity for another party to gain political support for a pro-marijuana legalization agenda. He argued that if conservative South Dakota voters were willing to approve a ballot measure legalizing recreational marijuana, Pennsylvania should legalize it too. He also supports expunging criminal convictions related to marijuana. Minimum wage Fetterman supports legislating for a $15 minimum wage. Healthcare Fetterman is a supporter of Medicare for All, citing that healthcare is a "fundamental human need and right". Filibuster Fetterman supports discontinuing the filibuster in the United States Senate. Wealth tax Fetterman has shown interest in instituting a wealth tax in the United States. Personal life Fetterman is married to Gisele Barreto Fetterman (sometimes referred by her maiden surname, Almeida), a Brazilian-American activist, philanthropist, and non-profit executive (founder of the non-profit Freestore 15104 and a co-founder of the non-profits For Good Pgh and 412 Food Rescue). The couple, their three children (Karl, Grace, and August) and dogs, Levi and Artie, live in a converted car dealership. The family has chosen not to live in State House, the official residence for PA's Lieutenant Governor. The Fettermans' family dog Levi is a male rescue dog. Levi was adopted from The Foster Farm, a Pittsburgh-based animal rescue organization. An official Twitter account, @LeviFetterman, has over 20,000 followers. Levi interacts with many other Pennsylvania brands including the Philadelphia Flyers and the Pittsburgh Pirates, who have both made him their official dog on social media, and the State of Pennsylvania which named him the State Dog. In 2018, Fetterman spoke publicly about a substantial weight loss; at the time, the six-foot-nine-inch Fetterman had lost nearly . Electoral history Mayor of Braddock United States Senate Pennsylvania lieutenant governor References External links Government website Campaign website Profile of Fetterman and Braddock, PA on the show NOW on PBS Braddock Redux |- |- 1969 births Albright Lions football players Philanthropists from Pennsylvania American social workers Harvard Kennedy School alumni Lieutenant Governors of Pennsylvania Living people Mayors of places in Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Democrats People from Braddock, Pennsylvania Players of American football from Pennsylvania Politicians from Reading, Pennsylvania Politicians from York, Pennsylvania Candidates in the 2016 United States elections 21st-century American philanthropists

<mask> (born August 15, 1969) is an American politician serving as the 34th Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania since 2019. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as Mayor of Braddock from 2005 to 2019. Fetterman was a candidate in the United States Senate election in Pennsylvania for 2016 and is running again in 2022. Early life and education <mask> was born in 1969 at Reading Hospital in West Reading, Pennsylvania, to Karl and <mask>. Fetterman has described his parents as having started out "extremely poor," with both being teenagers at the time of <mask>'s birth. They eventually moved to York, Pennsylvania, where <mask> grew up and his father achieved success as an insurance business owner. Fetterman has described his upbringing as middle class and "privileged," saying he "sleepwalked" through his young adulthood, avidly playing four years of football in college and intending to eventually take over as owner of his father's business.In 1991 Fetterman graduated from Albright College, also his father's alma mater, with a bachelor's degree in finance and was on his way to earning a Master of Business Administration (MBA) from the University of Connecticut. However, his life took a drastic change after his best friend died in a car accident on his way to drive Fetterman from the gym. Following his friend's death, Fetterman joined Big Brothers Big Sisters of America, pairing with an eight-year-old boy in New Haven, Connecticut, whose father had died from AIDS, and whose mother was slowly dying from the disease. During his time as a Big Brother, Fetterman says he became "preoccupied with the concept of the random lottery of birth," and promised the boy's mother he would continue to look out for her son after she was gone. Afterwards, in 1995, Fetterman joined the recently founded AmeriCorps, and was sent to teach Pittsburgh students pursuing their GEDs. For two years Fetterman worked in Pittsburgh before attending Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government, graduating in 1999 with a Master of Public Policy. Career Fetterman came to Braddock in 2001 to serve with AmeriCorps, helping local youth who had left school to earn their GED, later moving there in 2004.Attracted by what he called the town's "malignant beauty", Fetterman ran against the incumbent mayor in 2005 and won the Democratic primary by a single vote. Fetterman won the general election; he did not face a Republican opponent. As the part-time mayor of Braddock, Fetterman earned $110.22 a month in 2007. His full-time job, directing the Out-Of-School-Youth program, paid around $30,000 annually. In addition to his work with the program, Fetterman established strong relationships with the 16- to 24-year-old population, helping many in finding employment, and working with them with issues involving family, social agencies, and police. He also founded a nonprofit organization called Braddock Redux. Mayor of Braddock (2006–2019) Following his election, Fetterman initiated youth and art programs, created a community center, and tried to initiate development of the town's mostly ruined buildings and poor economy.With family money, Fetterman purchased the town's First Presbyterian Church before demolition for $50,000, living in the basement for several months. He later purchased an adjacent warehouse for $2,000, placed two shipping containers on the roof for "extra living space" and moved in. He has since purchased and renovated many additional houses and offered cheap, even free, rent. Fetterman has attracted many young artists to the town through cheap rent and starting various art exhibitions. The town's "renaissance" has attracted individuals from cities such as Chicago and Portland, Oregon, drawn by the potential for development and growth. Other programs include a two-acre organic urban farm, worked by teenagers of the Braddock Youth Project. Fetterman has several tattoos related to the Braddock community.On his left arm are the numbers 15104 - Braddock's ZIP Code, and on the right, the dates of five murders that occurred in the town while he was elected mayor. As mayor, Fetterman drew international attention for trying to revitalize the economy in Braddock, with an article in The New York Times, an appearance on Comedy Central's The Colbert Report, as well as a Levi's jeans ad. In order to help fund programs, Fetterman established relationships with local non-profit organizations, Allegheny County's economic development program, and county executive Dan Onorato. Opposition to Fetterman's activities while mayor came from borough council president Jesse Brown. In March 2009, Brown ordered the borough's code enforcement officer to cite Fetterman for an occupancy permit violation for a building owned by Fetterman's non-profit organization. A judge later dismissed the complaint. In 2009, Fetterman was re-elected as mayor after winning the Democratic primary against Jayme Cox by a vote of 294 to 103.He handily won the Democratic primaries in 2013 and 2017, and was unopposed in the general election. On November 29, 2010, <mask> was arrested and immediately released after refusing to leave the property of the U.S. Steel Tower in Pittsburgh. Fetterman was protesting the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center controversial closure of Braddock Hospital, which was met with objections from the community. In January 2013, while mayor, Fetterman came under fire for allegedly pointing a shotgun at an unarmed black man in Braddock. After hearing what he and others thought was gunfire, Fetterman got in his truck and followed a jogger, Chris Miyares. Fetterman said he believed, he "did the right thing". The incident was given renewed attention when Fetterman announced his campaign to replace retiring U.S.Senator Pat Toomey in 2022, with the jogger's ethnicity igniting questions over the possible discriminatory nature of the event. A Republican candidate for Toomey's seat, writer Sean Parnell, tweeted about the incident, and Parnell's attack was retweeted by Donald Trump, Jr. In response to an inquiry launched by The New York Times, Fetterman defended himself and claimed Miyares was running in the direction of an elementary school, and that he made the decision to approach him with the firearm due to the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting occurring the month prior. <mask>'s campaign also said that when initiated the pursuit, and because the jogger was wearing a black sweatsuit and mask, he did not know the jogger's race or gender at the time of the incident. Miyares, who is serving prison time for armed assault and kidnap, said what sounded like gunshots were bottle rockets set off by kids, though Fetterman said no fireworks debris had been found. He added that Fetterman had "done far more good than that one bad act" and, "should not be defined by it," and hoped he would win the senate race. Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania (2019–present) Election On November 14, 2017, <mask> announced that he would run for the Democratic nomination for Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania, challenging, among others, incumbent Lieutenant Governor Mike Stack.Fetterman was endorsed by Pittsburgh Mayor Bill Peduto, Erin McClelland, Democratic nominee for Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district in 2014 and 2016, and former Pennsylvania Governor and Philadelphia Mayor Ed Rendell. On May 15, Fetterman won the Democratic primary for Lieutenant Governor. Fetterman was a part of the Democratic ticket along with incumbent Governor Tom Wolf. On November 6, 2018, Wolf and Fetterman defeated the Republican ticket of Scott Wagner and Jeff Bartos in the general election. Tenure In November 2020, Fetterman received national press coverage for saying Donald Trump was "no different than any other random internet troll" and that he "can sue a ham sandwich" in response to Trump threatening to file lawsuits in Pennsylvania alleging voter fraud in the 2020 presidential election. The 2020 presidential election in Pennsylvania was won by Joe Biden, who finished over 81 thousand votes ahead of Trump. Trump's claims of voter fraud led to a challenge of the results and Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton filed a suit to overturn the results in Pennsylvania, among other states.Paxton's case was joined by 18 other Republican Attorneys General from other states. Supporting that effort, Texas Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick offered a reward of $1,000,000 to anyone who could prove a case of fraud in the affected states. Fetterman responded by certifying that Pennsylvania had discovered three cases of voter fraud: two men had cast ballots as their dead mothers (both for Trump) and another had voted on behalf of his son as well as himself (also for Trump). Fetterman said that his Texas counterpart needed to pay up, a million for each of these cases. He said he was proud to announce, that Trump "got 100% of the dead mother vote," in Pennsylvania. Fetterman's lampooning of the alleged voting fraud that Trump supporters claimed had stolen the election for Biden got nationwide publicity. U.S. Senate campaigns 2016 On September 14, 2015, Fetterman announced that he would run for the Democratic nomination for the U.S. Senate seat held by Pat Toomey in the 2016 election.His campaign was considered a longshot against two better-known candidates, Katie McGinty and Joe Sestak, the 2010 Democratic nominee for Senate. Fetterman was endorsed by former Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley, former Pennsylvania Treasurer Barbara Hafer, and the PennLive Editorial Board. Fetterman's campaign focused on progressive values and building support through grassroots movement, drawing comparisons to Bernie Sanders. Fetterman was the only statewide Democratic candidate in Pennsylvania to endorse Sanders. Though lacking statewide name recognition, having low campaign funds, and polling as low as 4% a week before the primary, Fetterman was able to garner 20% of the primary vote. Katie McGinty who spent $4,312,688 on the primary and who was endorsed by Barack Obama and many U.S. senators, finished ahead of former congressman and admiral Joe Sestak, who raised $5,064,849, with Fetterman raising $798,981 and finishing third. After the primary Fetterman campaigned on behalf of McGinty, although Toomey ultimately defeated her, winning reelection.2022 In January 2021, <mask> announced he was launching an exploratory committee for the 2022 U.S. Senate election in Pennsylvania. On February 4, 2021, Fetterman filed a statement of candidacy with the Federal Election Commission declaring his intention to run for the Senate seat being vacated by retiring Sen. Pat Toomey. On February 8, 2021, he officially entered the U.S. Senate race. Early polls have suggested that he is the frontrunner in the race, though many voters remain undecided. Recognition Fetterman's efforts to create youth-oriented programs, revitalize his town, and attract artists and other "creatives" to his community were featured in The New York Times. An article about him, describing him as "America's coolest mayor", appeared on July 15, 2009, in The Guardian in the United Kingdom. Fetterman was the guest on the Colbert Report on February 25, 2009, discussing the economic difficulties his town faced due to a decreasing population, plummeting real estate values, and bankruptcy.He also questioned why funds from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 could not be used to support projects such as those in Braddock. He appeared again on August 16, 2010, discussing what he had been doing and the town's partnership with Levi Strauss. In 2010, Levi Strauss & Company donated money towards Braddock's revitalization and features the town in an advertising campaign and documentary produced by Sundance Channel. On May 7, 2012, <mask> was featured on A Day in the Life where he discusses his responsibilities and desires for Braddock, as well as his personal history and views. <mask> was also a guest on The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore on January 14, 2016, discussing his support for Bernie Sanders in the Democratic primary. He appeared again on July 19, 2016, discussing the state of the 2016 election and Donald Trump. Political positions Fetterman is generally described as a social and fiscal progressive, including by himself, although he holds moderate views on environmental issues like fracking.One of his signature issues is prison reform. Criminal justice reform Prison reform is one of Fetterman's signature issues, advocating for more rehabilitation schemes as well as clemency for model prisoners. A part of his role as lieutenant governor, he serves as the chair of Pennsylvania's Board of Pardons, which processes clemency requests and forwards them to the governor. Fetterman urged the board to process requests more quickly. Fetterman is in favor of abolishing capital punishment in Pennsylvania, stating that he "wholly support[s] Governor Tom Wolf's moratorium on the death penalty." He has called the death penalty "inhumane, antiquated, expensive, and [a] flawed system of punishment." Environmental issues Fetterman frequently emphasizes the need to balance decarbonization efforts with their effects on fossil fuel-industry jobs.He supports permitting fracking, although he advocates for stricter environmental regulations. Marijuana Fetterman is a proponent of legalizing marijuana, calling the issue a "political bazooka" and that leaving the issue alone is giving an opportunity for another party to gain political support for a pro-marijuana legalization agenda. He argued that if conservative South Dakota voters were willing to approve a ballot measure legalizing recreational marijuana, Pennsylvania should legalize it too. He also supports expunging criminal convictions related to marijuana. Minimum wage Fetterman supports legislating for a $15 minimum wage. Healthcare Fetterman is a supporter of Medicare for All, citing that healthcare is a "fundamental human need and right". Filibuster Fetterman supports discontinuing the filibuster in the United States Senate.Wealth tax Fetterman has shown interest in instituting a wealth tax in the United States. Personal life Fetterman is married to Gisele Barreto <mask> (sometimes referred by her maiden surname, Almeida), a Brazilian-American activist, philanthropist, and non-profit executive (founder of the non-profit Freestore 15104 and a co-founder of the non-profits For Good Pgh and 412 Food Rescue). The couple, their three children (Karl, Grace, and August) and dogs, Levi and Artie, live in a converted car dealership. The family has chosen not to live in State House, the official residence for PA's Lieutenant Governor. The Fettermans' family dog Levi is a male rescue dog. Levi was adopted from The Foster Farm, a Pittsburgh-based animal rescue organization. An official Twitter account, @LeviFetterman, has over 20,000 followers.Levi interacts with many other Pennsylvania brands including the Philadelphia Flyers and the Pittsburgh Pirates, who have both made him their official dog on social media, and the State of Pennsylvania which named him the State Dog. In 2018, Fetterman spoke publicly about a substantial weight loss; at the time, the six-foot-nine-inch Fetterman had lost nearly . Electoral history Mayor of Braddock United States Senate Pennsylvania lieutenant governor References External links Government website Campaign website Profile of Fetterman and Braddock, PA on the show NOW on PBS Braddock Redux |- |- 1969 births Albright Lions football players Philanthropists from Pennsylvania American social workers Harvard Kennedy School alumni Lieutenant Governors of Pennsylvania Living people Mayors of places in Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Democrats People from Braddock, Pennsylvania Players of American football from Pennsylvania Politicians from Reading, Pennsylvania Politicians from York, Pennsylvania Candidates in the 2016 United States elections 21st-century American philanthropists

<mask> is an American politician who is the 34th Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania. He was the Mayor of Braddock from 2005 to 2019. Fetterman ran in the United States Senate election in Pennsylvania in 2016 and is running again in 2022. <mask> was born in 1969 at Reading Hospital in West Reading, Pennsylvania, to Karl and <mask>. Fetterman said his parents were poor at the time of <mask>'s birth, with both being teenagers. <mask>'s father was an insurance business owner in York, Pennsylvania. Fetterman has described his upbringing as middle class and "privileged," saying he "sleepwalked" through his young adulthood, avidly playing four years of football in college and intending to eventually take over as owner of his father's business.Fetterman graduated from Albright College in 1991 with a bachelor's degree in finance and was on his way to earning a Master of Business Administration from the University of Connecticut. His life changed after his best friend died in a car accident on the way to drive Fetterman from the gym. Fetterman joined Big Brothers Big Sisters of America after he met an eight-year-old boy in New Haven, Connecticut, whose father had died from AIDS and whose mother was dying from the disease. Fetterman promised the boy's mother that he would look out for her after she was gone when he was a Big Brother. Fetterman was sent to teach Pittsburgh students pursuing their GEDs in 1995 after joining the recently founded AmeriCorps. Fetterman graduated from Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government in 1999 with a Master of Public Policy after working in Pittsburgh for two years. Career Fetterman came to Braddock in 2001 to serve with AmeriCorps, helping local youth who had left school to earn their GED.Fetterman ran against the incumbent mayor in 2005 and won the Democratic primary by a single vote. Fetterman did not face a Republican opponent. Fetterman earned $110.22 a month as a part-time mayor. His full-time job pays around $30,000 annually. Fetterman established strong relationships with the 16- to 24-year-old population, helping many in finding employment, and working with them with issues involving family, social agencies, and police. The organization he founded was called Braddock Redux. Fetterman initiated youth and art programs, created a community center, and tried to initiate development of the town's mostly ruined buildings and poor economy.Fetterman lived in the basement of the First Presbyterian Church for several months after purchasing it. He moved in after purchasing an adjacent warehouse for $2,000 and placing two shipping containers on the roof. He has renovated and purchased many additional houses and has been able to offer cheap, even free, rent. Fetterman has attracted many young artists to the town through cheap rent. The town's "renaissance" has attracted individuals from cities such as Chicago and Portland, Oregon, drawn by the potential for development and growth. A two-acre organic urban farm is one of the programs. Fetterman has tattoos related to the community.The dates of five murders that occurred in the town while he was mayor are on his left arm. Fetterman appeared on Comedy Central's The Colbert Report, as well as an article in The New York Times, when he was the mayor of Braddock. Fetterman established relationships with non-profit organizations, Allegheny County's economic development program, and the county executive. The opposition to Fetterman's activities came from the president of the council. Brown ordered the code enforcement officer to cite Fetterman for an Occupancy permit violation for a building owned by Fetterman's non-profit organization. A judge dismissed the complaint. <mask> was re-elected as mayor in 2009, after defeating Jayme Cox in the Democratic primary.He won both the Democratic primaries and the general election. <mask> was arrested and immediately released after refusing to leave the property of the U.S. Steel Tower in Pittsburgh. Fetterman was protesting the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center's decision to close a hospital. Fetterman came under fire for pointing a shotgun at a black man. Fetterman followed a jogger, Chris Miyares, after hearing what he and others thought was gunfire. Fetterman believed he did the right thing. <mask> announced his campaign to replace the retiring U.S.Questions over the possible discrimination nature of the event were raised by Senator Pat Toomey with the jogger's ethnicity. Sean Parnell, a Republican candidate for Toomey's seat, had an attack on Donald Trump, Jr., who retweeted it. In response to an inquiry launched by The New York Times, Fetterman defended himself and claimed Miyares was running in the direction of an elementary school, and that he made the decision to approach him with the firearm due to the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting occurring the month prior. Fetterman's campaign said that he did not know the jogger's race or gender at the time of the incident because he was wearing a black sweatsuit and mask. Fetterman said no fireworks debris had been found and that what sounded like gunshots were bottle rockets set off by kids. Fetterman had done more good than that one bad act and he hoped he would win the senate race. On November 14, 2017, <mask> announced that he would run for the Democratic nomination for Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania, challenging incumbent Lieutenant Governor Mike Stack.Fetterman was endorsed by Pittsburgh Mayor Bill Peduto and former Pennsylvania Governor and Philadelphia Mayor Ed Rendell. Fetterman won the Democratic primary for Lieutenant Governor. Fetterman was a part of the Democratic ticket. Wolf and Fetterman defeated the Republicans in the general election. In November 2020, Fetterman received national press coverage for saying Donald Trump was "no different than any other random internet troll" and that he "can sue a ham sandwich" in response to Trump threatening to file lawsuits in Pennsylvania. The 2020 presidential election in Pennsylvania was won by Joe Biden, who got 81 thousand more votes than Trump. Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton filed a suit to overturn the results in Pennsylvania because of Trump's claims of voter fraud.18 other Republican Attorneys General from other states joined Paxton's case. Texas Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick offered a $1,000,000 reward to anyone who could prove a case of fraud in the affected states. Fetterman certified that Pennsylvania had found three cases of voter fraud, two of which were related to Trump and one of which was related to himself. Fetterman said that his Texas counterpart had to pay a million dollars for each case. He said that Trump got 100% of the dead mother vote in Pennsylvania. Fetterman's lampooning of the alleged voting fraud that Trump supporters claimed had stolen the election for Biden got nationwide publicity. Senate campaigns 2016 On September 14, 2015, Fetterman announced that he would run for the U.S. Senate seat held by Pat Toomey in the 2016 election.His campaign was considered a longshot against two well-known candidates. Fetterman was endorsed by the PennLive Editorial Board. <mask>'s campaign focused on progressive values and building support through grassroots movement. <mask> was the only statewide Democratic candidate in Pennsylvania. Fetterman was able to garner 20% of the primary vote despite lacking statewide name recognition, having low campaign funds, and polling as low as 4% a week before the primary. McGinty spent more than $4 million on the primary and was endorsed by Barack Obama and many U.S. senators, who helped her finish ahead of Sestak and <mask>. Fetterman worked on behalf of McGinty after the primary.Fetterman launched an exploratory committee in January of 2021. Fetterman filed a statement of candidacy with the Federal Election Commission on February 4, 2021. He entered the U.S. Senate race on February 8, 2021. According to early polls, he is the favorite in the race. Fetterman's efforts to create youth-oriented programs, revitalize his town, and attract artists and other "creatives" to his community were featured in The New York Times. An article about him was published in The Guardian in the United Kingdom. Fetterman discussed the economic difficulties his town faced due to a decreasing population, falling real estate values, and bankruptcy on the Colbert Report.He wondered why funds from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 could not be used to support projects such as those in Braddock. He talked about the town's partnership with Levi Strauss on August 16, 2010. The town was featured in an advertising campaign and a documentary produced by the Sundance Channel. Fetterman was featured on A Day in the Life where he discussed his responsibilities and desires for Braddock, as well as his personal history and views. On January 14, 2016 <mask> was a guest on The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore and discussed his support for the Democratic primary. He talked about the state of the 2016 election on July 19th. Fetterman is described as a social and fiscal progressive, although he has moderate views on environmental issues.Prison reform is one of his signature issues. <mask>'s signature issue is criminal justice reform, advocating for more rehabilitation schemes as well as clemency for model prisoners. clemency requests are forwarded to the governor by the board he chairs, which is part of his role as lieutenant governor. Fetterman wanted the board to process requests more quickly. Fetterman supports Governor Tom Wolf's moratorium on the death penalty. The death penalty is a flawed system of punishment, according to him. Fetterman emphasizes the need to balance decarbonization efforts with fossil fuel industry jobs.He favors stricter environmental regulations. Marijuana <mask> believes that leaving the issue alone will allow another party to gain political support for a pro-marijuana legalization agenda. He argued that if South Dakota voters were willing to approve a ballot measure that legalized recreational marijuana, Pennsylvania should do the same. He supports expunging criminal convictions related to marijuana. Fetterman supports raising the minimum wage. Fetterman believes that healthcare is a fundamental human need and right. Fetterman is a senator in the United States Senate.Fetterman is interested in instituting a wealth tax in the United States. <mask> is married to Gisele Barreto <mask>, a Brazilian-American activist, philanthropist, and non-profit executive. Their three children, Karl, Grace, and August, and their two dogs, Levi and Artie, live in a converted car dealership. State House is the official residence of the Lieutenant Governor. Levi is a rescue dog. Levi was adopted from The Foster Farm. LeviFetterman has over 20,000 followers.Levi is the official dog of the Pittsburgh Pirates and the State of Pennsylvania, as well as interacting with many other Pennsylvania brands. At the time <mask> spoke about his weight loss, he was six feet nine inches tall. The campaign website Profile of Fetterman and Braddock, PA is on the show NOW on PBS.

53911456

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20B.%20Cummings%20Jr.

Alexander B. Cummings Jr.

Alexander Benedict Cummings Jr. (born 7 December 1956) is a Liberian politician, businessman and philanthropist. He is the Standard Bearer of Liberia's Alternative National Congress. Born in Monrovia Liberia, Cummings studied at Cuttington University College in Liberia before leaving for the United States to further his studies at the Northern Illinois University, where he earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Finance and Economics. He earned an MBA in Finance from Clark-Atlanta University. Cummings worked for over 40 years in international business. He retired from Coca-Cola as its Chief Administrator in 2016, after a twenty years long career with the organisation. He currently serves as Chairman of the Cummings Africa Foundation. Early life and education Alexander B. Cummings Jr. was born in Montserrado County in Liberia's capital Monrovia to Alexander B. Cummings Sr., an educator, and Ayo, a midwife and small business owner. He spent his early years in Monrovia's deprived Point Four neighbourhood before studying at a Monrovia's Demonstration primary school in Montserrado County. His first introduction to business was by his mother, who leveraged him to go door-to-door to collect payment from customers and keep track of sales. He attended high school at the College of West Africa, where he participated in various social and intellectual activities and served yearly as a class officer including first as class senator, then treasurer and eventually senior class president. After graduation from high school, he matriculated to Cuttington University College for two years before leaving for the United States to further his studies at the Northern Illinois University, where he earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Finance and Economics. He returned to the United States to further his studies and earned an MBA in Finance from Clark-Atlanta University. Business career Upon graduation from Northern Illinois University he returned home and worked for two years at the Liberian Development Bank, until the tail-end of the 1980s. In the 1970s, Cummings returned to the US to attend Atlanta University where he received his MBA in Finance. He began his international business career, which took him to the Nigeria, Kenya, Morocco, UK and South Africa. Cummings began working for The Pillsbury Company in 1982, his last position being Vice-President of Finance for all of Pillsbury's international businesses. Cummings joined Coca-Cola Co. in 1997 as Deputy Region Manager, Nigeria based in Lagos, Nigeria and managing director/Region Manager, Nigeria in 1998. He became President of Coca-Cola's Africa Group in 2001. He served as Chief Administrative Officer of the Coca-Cola Company from 1 July 2008 to 31 March 2016 and as its Executive Vice-President from July 2002 to 31 March 2016. As Chief Administrative Officer, he consolidated oversight of key global corporate functions including Legal, People, Strategic Planning, Information Technology, Strategic Security, Sustainability and Technical. Cummings led a period of strong growth in Coca-Cola's Africa business, overseeing critical investments in marketing and infrastructure across 56 African countries and territories from 2001 to 2008. Mr. Cummings served on the boards of, C.A.R.E. and Clark Atlanta University. He also is a board member of S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. and a former board member of The Coca-Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated, a publicly traded bottler of The Coca-Cola Company (NASDAQ). He is a member of their Executive Leadership Council. He previously served as a Board Member of the Africa-America Institute, Chevron, Africare, the Corporate Council on Africa, and the US-Egypt Business Council, on the Advisory Board at The African Presidential Archives & Research Center and on the Center for Global Development's Commission on US Policy toward Low-Income Poorly Performing States (LIPPS),Sabathani Community Center in Minneapolis, MN, USA He also served as an Independent Director of Chevron Corporation from 10 December 2014 until 27 April 2016, and as a Director of International Bank (Liberia) Limited. Political career Currently running for president of Liberia, as the standard bearer of the Alternative National Congress (ANC), Cummings became the political leader of the Alternative National Congress in 2015, and announced his bid to run for president in 2016. After holding a county-by-county national presidential primary election, the first of its kind in Liberia, Alexander B. Cummings was endorsed as the Standard Bearer of the Alternative National Congress in Kakata, Margibi on 29 April 2017. Philanthropy Cummings has a long history of philanthropy and supporting his home country Liberia, globally; supporting funding for water projects and providing students scholarships in Liberia, and donating to various causes including the African Methodist Episcopal University's Innovation Center named in his honour. In 2011, President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf conferred on Mr. Cummings the distinction of Knight Great Band – Humane Order of African Redemption; the medal is one of the highest honours in Liberia and is awarded for humanitarian work in Liberia, for acts supporting and assisting the Liberian nation. During Cummings' time at Coca-Cola Africa, he oversaw the creation of The Coca-Cola Africa Foundation in response to the growth and impact of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. In 2001, the Foundation established an extensive healthcare program for Coca-Cola workers affected by HIV/AIDS and related conditions across Africa in addition to supporting HIV/AIDS prevention and awareness throughout local communities. Today, The Coca-Cola Africa Foundation is the largest regional foundation within Coca-Cola's global network with a focus on clean water, health education and entrepreneurship. Since 2001, it has granted more than $100 million to support sustainable communities in Africa. He launched the Cummings Africa Foundation in 2015 with his wife Teresa Cummings, and their two children Boikai and Ayo Cummings. The Cummings Foundation focuses on empowering and uplifting Africans in health, education, agriculture, and the arts. Since its formation, the foundation has invested over one million U.S. dollars in projects in Africa, including facilitating the construction of a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) academic institution, the first of its kind in Liberia. Personal life Cummings has been married to Teresa Cummings for over 35 years. Together they have two children – Ayo and Boikai Cummings and five grandchildren. References 1960 births Living people Liberian businesspeople Liberian politicians Politicians from Monrovia Clark Atlanta University alumni Cuttington University alumni Americo-Liberian people College of West Africa alumni

<mask>. (born 7 December 1956) is a Liberian politician, businessman and philanthropist. He is the Standard Bearer of Liberia's Alternative National Congress. Born in Monrovia Liberia, <mask> studied at Cuttington University College in Liberia before leaving for the United States to further his studies at the Northern Illinois University, where he earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Finance and Economics. He earned an MBA in Finance from Clark-Atlanta University. <mask> worked for over 40 years in international business. He retired from Coca-Cola as its Chief Administrator in 2016, after a twenty years long career with the organisation. He currently serves as Chairman of the Cummings Africa Foundation.Early life and education <mask><mask> Jr. was born in Montserrado County in Liberia's capital Monrovia to <mask><mask> Sr., an educator, and Ayo, a midwife and small business owner. He spent his early years in Monrovia's deprived Point Four neighbourhood before studying at a Monrovia's Demonstration primary school in Montserrado County. His first introduction to business was by his mother, who leveraged him to go door-to-door to collect payment from customers and keep track of sales. He attended high school at the College of West Africa, where he participated in various social and intellectual activities and served yearly as a class officer including first as class senator, then treasurer and eventually senior class president. After graduation from high school, he matriculated to Cuttington University College for two years before leaving for the United States to further his studies at the Northern Illinois University, where he earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Finance and Economics. He returned to the United States to further his studies and earned an MBA in Finance from Clark-Atlanta University. Business career Upon graduation from Northern Illinois University he returned home and worked for two years at the Liberian Development Bank, until the tail-end of the 1980s.In the 1970s, <mask> returned to the US to attend Atlanta University where he received his MBA in Finance. He began his international business career, which took him to the Nigeria, Kenya, Morocco, UK and South Africa. <mask> began working for The Pillsbury Company in 1982, his last position being Vice-President of Finance for all of Pillsbury's international businesses. <mask> joined Coca-Cola Co. in 1997 as Deputy Region Manager, Nigeria based in Lagos, Nigeria and managing director/Region Manager, Nigeria in 1998. He became President of Coca-Cola's Africa Group in 2001. He served as Chief Administrative Officer of the Coca-Cola Company from 1 July 2008 to 31 March 2016 and as its Executive Vice-President from July 2002 to 31 March 2016. As Chief Administrative Officer, he consolidated oversight of key global corporate functions including Legal, People, Strategic Planning, Information Technology, Strategic Security, Sustainability and Technical.<mask> led a period of strong growth in Coca-Cola's Africa business, overseeing critical investments in marketing and infrastructure across 56 African countries and territories from 2001 to 2008. Mr. <mask> served on the boards of, C.A.R.E. and Clark Atlanta University. He also is a board member of S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. and a former board member of The Coca-Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated, a publicly traded bottler of The Coca-Cola Company (NASDAQ). He is a member of their Executive Leadership Council. He previously served as a Board Member of the Africa-America Institute, Chevron, Africare, the Corporate Council on Africa, and the US-Egypt Business Council, on the Advisory Board at The African Presidential Archives & Research Center and on the Center for Global Development's Commission on US Policy toward Low-Income Poorly Performing States (LIPPS),Sabathani Community Center in Minneapolis, MN, USA He also served as an Independent Director of Chevron Corporation from 10 December 2014 until 27 April 2016, and as a Director of International Bank (Liberia) Limited. Political career Currently running for president of Liberia, as the standard bearer of the Alternative National Congress (ANC), <mask> became the political leader of the Alternative National Congress in 2015, and announced his bid to run for president in 2016.After holding a county-by-county national presidential primary election, the first of its kind in Liberia, <mask><mask> was endorsed as the Standard Bearer of the Alternative National Congress in Kakata, Margibi on 29 April 2017. Philanthropy <mask> has a long history of philanthropy and supporting his home country Liberia, globally; supporting funding for water projects and providing students scholarships in Liberia, and donating to various causes including the African Methodist Episcopal University's Innovation Center named in his honour. In 2011, President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf conferred on Mr. <mask> the distinction of Knight Great Band – Humane Order of African Redemption; the medal is one of the highest honours in Liberia and is awarded for humanitarian work in Liberia, for acts supporting and assisting the Liberian nation. During <mask>' time at Coca-Cola Africa, he oversaw the creation of The Coca-Cola Africa Foundation in response to the growth and impact of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. In 2001, the Foundation established an extensive healthcare program for Coca-Cola workers affected by HIV/AIDS and related conditions across Africa in addition to supporting HIV/AIDS prevention and awareness throughout local communities. Today, The Coca-Cola Africa Foundation is the largest regional foundation within Coca-Cola's global network with a focus on clean water, health education and entrepreneurship. Since 2001, it has granted more than $100 million to support sustainable communities in Africa.He launched the Cummings Africa Foundation in 2015 with his wife <mask>, and their two children <mask> and Ayo <mask>. The Cummings Foundation focuses on empowering and uplifting Africans in health, education, agriculture, and the arts. Since its formation, the foundation has invested over one million U.S. dollars in projects in Africa, including facilitating the construction of a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) academic institution, the first of its kind in Liberia. Personal life <mask> has been married to <mask> for over 35 years. Together they have two children – Ayo and <mask>i <mask> and five grandchildren. References 1960 births Living people Liberian businesspeople Liberian politicians Politicians from Monrovia Clark Atlanta University alumni Cuttington University alumni Americo-Liberian people College of West Africa alumni

<mask>. is a businessman and a politician. He is the leader of the Alternative National Congress. Before leaving for the United States to further his studies at the Northern Illinois University, he studied at Cuttington University College in Liberia, where he earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Finance and Economics. He studied finance at Clark-Atlanta University. He worked in international business for over 40 years. He retired from Coca-Cola as its Chief Administrator in 2016 after twenty years with the organisation. He is the Chairman of the Africa Foundation.<mask><mask> Jr. was born in Montserrado County to <mask>. He studied at the Demonstration primary school in Montserrado County after spending his early years in Point Four. His mother made him go door-to-door to collect payment in order to keep track of sales. He was a class officer at the College of West Africa where he was involved in various social and intellectual activities. After graduating from high school, he attended Cuttington University College for two years before moving to the United States to further his studies at the Northern Illinois University, where he earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Finance and Economics. He went back to the US to further his studies and earned a masters degree in finance from Clark-Atlanta University. After graduating from Northern Illinois University, he worked for two years at the Liberian Development Bank.After returning to the US in the 1970s, he attended Atlanta University where he received his masters degree in finance. He started his international business career in Nigeria, then moved to other countries, including the UK and South Africa. His last position was Vice- President of Finance for all of Pillsbury's international businesses. In 1997 he joined Coca-Cola as a deputy region manager and in 1998 he was the managing director/Region Manager of Nigeria. He became President of Coca-Cola's Africa Group in 2001. From July 2008 to March 2016 he was the Chief Administrative Officer of the Coca-Cola Company. He consolidated oversight of key global corporate functions as Chief Administrative Officer.From 2001 to 2008 <mask> oversaw critical investments in marketing and infrastructure for Coca-Cola's Africa business. Mr. <mask> was a board member of C.A.R.E. Clark Atlanta University. He was a board member of The Coca-Cola Company Consolidated. He is a member of the council. He was a board member of the Africa-America Institute, the Corporate Council on Africa, and the US-Egypt Business Council. As the standard bearer of the Alternative National Congress, <mask> became the political leader of the Alternative National Congress in 2015, and announced his bid to run for president.<mask><mask> was endorsed as the Standard Bearer of the Alternative National Congress in Margibi after holding a county-by-county presidential primary election. The African Methodist Episcopal University's Innovation Center is named in honor of Philanthropy <mask>, who has a long history of giving to various causes. The Knight Great Band - Humane Order of African Redemption medal is one of the highest honours in the country and is awarded for acts supporting and assisting the nation. The creation of The Coca-Cola Africa Foundation was overseen by <mask> during his time at Coca-Cola Africa. In 2001, the Foundation established an extensive healthcare program for Coca-Cola workers affected by HIV/AIDS and related conditions across Africa in addition to supporting HIV/AIDS prevention and awareness throughout local communities. The Coca-Cola Africa Foundation has a focus on clean water, health education and entrepreneurship. More than $100 million has been given to support sustainable communities in Africa.He launched the Africa Foundation with his wife and two children. The foundation focuses on empowering Africans in health, education, agriculture, and the arts. The foundation has invested over one million dollars in projects in Africa since it was formed. Over the course of 35 years, <mask> has been married to Teresa. They have two children with each other. College of West Africa alumni, Cuttington University alumni, Americo-Liberian people, and Clark Atlanta University alumni are some of the people mentioned.

6664505

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathal%20mac%20Finguine

Cathal mac Finguine

Cathal mac Finguine (died 742) was an Irish King of Munster or Cashel, and effectively High King of Ireland as well. He belonged to the Eóganacht Glendamnach sept of the dominant Eóganachta kin-group whose members dominated Munster from the 7th century to the 10th. His father, uncle, grandfather and great-grandfather had also been kings of Cashel, as were his son and grandson. Cathal's conflict with the Uí Néill kings, Fergal mac Máele Dúin, Flaithbertach mac Loingsig, and Áed Allán, son of Fergal mac Máele Dúin, is reported at some length in the Irish annals, and again northern and southern versions provide differing accounts. Cathal also appears as a character, not always portrayed sympathetically as in Aislinge Meic Con Glinne where he is possessed by a demon of gluttony, in a number of prose and verse tales in the Middle Irish language. Widely regarded as the most powerful Irish king of the first half of the 8th century, and the strongest (historical) king from Munster before Brian Bóruma, Cathal mac Finguine is believed to be the last king mentioned in the Baile Chuinn Chétchathaig. The most expansionist historical Eóganacht king before him was Faílbe Flann mac Áedo Duib (d. 639). Background The Eóganachta kingship, which had its chief seat at Cashel and chief church at Emly, was the most powerful in the southern half of Ireland, while the various branches of the Uí Néill and Connachta dominated the northern half. At this time, the Uí Néill were striving to be the sole Kings of Tara, with the succession generally alternating between the northern and southern branches of the Uí Néill, although the ancient ceremonial kingship had not long before been held by the Laigin and Ulaid, and more distantly the Dáirine and Érainn. The kingship of Cashel, argued in early Munster sources, e.g., the Uraicecht Becc, as actually the most powerful in Ireland, was founded in the middle of the 5th century by the descendants of Conall Corc and Aimend, the "inner circle" of the Eóganachta, who after a century and a half of able politicking had come to supersede the overlordship of the Corcu Loígde in Munster. For the century and a quarter until Cathal's death, the kingship of Cashel was dominated by the Eóganacht Chaisil and Eóganacht Glendamnach septs of the inner circle. The lands of the Glendamnach lay to the south-west of Cashel, in the middle valley of the Blackwater. Cathal's father, Finguine mac Cathail Con-cen-máthair (d. 696), uncle, Ailill mac Cathail (d. 701), grandfather, Cathal Cú-cen-máthair (d. 665/666), and great-grandfather, Cathal mac Áedo (d. 628), had been kings of Cashel. Cathal's immediate predecessor was probably Cormac mac Ailello of the Caisil sept, who was killed in battle against the Déisi in 713. Eterscél mac Máele Umai, who had been king and did not die until 721, had probably abdicated much earlier, so that Cathal was king at Cashel from around 713 onwards. While the Uí Néill and Eóganachta were the most important kingships in Ireland, the kings of Leinster and the kings of Connacht were significant forces. Leinster, once a much larger region, the northern parts of which had been conquered by the Uí Néill, was the target of expansionist Uí Néill kings, and also of the Eóganachta. The contest for control of Leinster would play a major part in Cathal's reign, and indeed in relations between the Eóganachta and Uí Néill in the centuries which followed. The kings of Connacht claimed a common kinship with the Uí Néill, and were largely favourable towards them. The remaining provincial kingship, that of the kings of Ulster, controlled a much smaller area than the later province of Ulster, largely confined to the lands north and east of Lough Neagh, and was generally hostile to the Uí Néill. Finally, in the vast province of Munster itself there were several respectable but peripheral dynasties, such as the Uí Liatháin (for whom see below), whose relationships with the Eóganachta were rather distant and ambiguous. Early reign The earliest record concerning Cathal, although it does not explicitly name him, is in 715 when Murchad mac Brain Mut of the Uí Dúnlainge, the king of Leinster, led his inaugural raid against Cashel. The first event to mention Cathal is in 721 when he and Murchad mac Brain attacked the lands of the southern Uí Néill. The Annals of Ulster report: "[t]he wasting of Mag Breg by Cathal son of Finnguine, and by Murchad son of Bran." Later that year, Fergal mac Máele Dúin retaliated, not against Cathal and Munster, but against Murchad and Leinster. The Annals of Ulster report: "An invasion of the Laigin by Fergal, and the cattletribute was imposed and the hostages of the Laigin secured for Fergal son of Mael Dúin." That Fergal attacked Leinster in retaliation for the raid on Brega may mean that Cathal was, as Irwin notes, "the junior partner". The Annals of Inisfallen, as partisan a southern record as the Annals of Ulster are biased towards the Uí Néill, give a different and less reliable report of the events in 721:The harrying of Brega by Cathal son of Finnguine, king of Mumu, and after that he and Ferga son of Mael Dúin, king of Temuir [Tara], made peace; and Ferga submitted to Cathal. For these were the five kings of the Munstermen who ruled Ireland after the [introduction of the] Faith, viz. Aengus son of Nad Fraích, and his son, i.e. Eochaid who ruled Ireland for seventeen years, and Cathal, son of Finnguine, and Feidlimid, son of Crimthann, and Brian, son of Cennétig. Fergal led an Uí Néill army south into Leinster again in 722, but this time he was defeated and killed by the Leinstermen. This defeat was recorded in the Cath Almaine, a poem about the battle of Allen, fought on 11 December 722, the feast of Saint Finnian of Clonard. Much of the work is devoted to the story of the faithful bard Donn Bó, but the introduction provides a late view of the war:For a long time there was great warfare between Cathal son of Findguine, king of Leth Mogha, and Fergal son of Máel Duin, king of Leth Cuinn. Fergal son of Mael Duin raided Leinster in order to injure Cathal son of Findguine; so Cathal son of Findguine wasted the whole of Magh Bregh [the plain of Brega], until they made peace and truce. This truce, the poet tells, was broken by the Leinstermen:The Leinstermen had delivered this battle of Allen in the absence of Cathal mac Finguini, and Cathal was grieved that the battle was fought while he himself was away. They heard of Cathal's grudge against them, so this was the counsel they framed, to carry to Cathal Fergal's head as a trophy of the action. Cathal and Flaithbertach mac Loingsig On the death of Fergal, the Uí Néill kingship of Tara passed to Fogartach mac Néill of the Síl nÁedo Sláine of South Brega, whose nominal High Kingship was ended in 724 when he was killed fighting against his Síl nÁedo Sláine kinsman Cináed mac Írgalaid of North Brega, who became the new overking of the Uí Néill. Cináed retained the overlordship of the Uí Néill for less than four years, being killed in battle at Druim Corcain against the Cenél Conaill king Flaithbertach mac Loingsig, who took the overlordship of the Uí Néill. Flaithbertach himself reigned for only a few years before Áed Allán of the Cenél nEógain, son of Fergal mac Máele Dúin, fought him for the leadership of the Uí Néill, beginning in 732 and continuing through several battles until Flaithbertach abdicated and entered a monastery in 734. With the Uí Néill kings no great threat during the reigns of Fogartach, Cináed and Flaithbertach, Cathal sought to extend his authority over Leinster. The Cath Almaine claims that the dispute arose because Fergal mac Máele Dúin had been killed in defiance of the truce he had made with Cathal. Cathal was defeated by Áed mac Colggen of the Uí Cheinnselaig, then King of Leinster, in 731, and a second battle in 735 was an even greater defeat:A battle between Mumu and Laigin, in which many of the Laigin and well nigh countless Munstermen perished; Cellach son of Faelchar, king of Osraige, fell therein, but Cathal son of Finnguine, king of Mumu, escaped. In 733 Cathal raided the lands of the Southern Uí Néill, but was defeated and driven off from Tailtiu by Domnall Midi of Clann Cholmáin. Cathal had more success against the neighbouring Clann Cholmáin Bicc, ruled by Fallomon mac Con Congalt, whom he defeated at the Hill of Ward. In 734 Cathal inflicted a defeat on the Leinstermen at Bealach Ele. Cathal and Áed Allán In 737, Áed Allán met with Cathal at Terryglass, probably neutral ground outwith the control of either king. Byrne says that it is unlikely that Cathal acknowledged Áed Allán's authority—the Uí Néill had little enough influence in the south—but if Cathal had expected some benefit from the meeting, where he perhaps acknowledged the ecclesiastical supremacy of Armagh, he was to be disappointed. However, the clerics of Armagh may have been well satisfied as the Annals of Ulster, in the entry following that which reports the meeting of Cathal and Áed Allán, say that the law of Patrick was in force in Ireland. This presumably means that they agreed to the special treatment of the church, its lands and its tenants, as prescribed by the law of Patrick. Mór Muman Of Mór Muman a legend survives which compares her to the goddess of sovereignty. Mór was placed under an enchantment and lost her senses. She wandered Ireland for two years before she came to Cashel and the court of Fingen. Fingen eventually slept with her, and her memory returned. In the morning, Fingen gave her the Queen's robe and brooch, and put aside his current Queen, daughter of the king of the Deisi, and put Mór in her place as she was of better blood. The Metrical Dindshenchas say of Fingen mac Áedo and Mór:Best of the women of Inis Failis Mór daughter of Áed Bennan.Better is Fingen than any herothat drives about Femen. When Fingen died, the story says, Mór Muman married Cathal mac Finguine. Unfortunately, the collector of this tale mistook this Cathal for his great-grandfather, Cathal mac Áedo Flaind. He may have married Mór Muman, but Cathal mac Finguine certainly did not. Family and descendants The historical wife of Cathal was the celebrated Caillech, a princess of the Uí Liatháin, southern neighbours of Eóganacht Glendamnach. His mother, Gormgel, also appears to have been of the Uí Liatháin, but from a different branch. Cathal's father was Finguine mac Cathail, uncle Ailill mac Cathail, grandfather Cathal Cú-cen-máthair, and great-grandfather Cathal mac Áedo. A son was Artrí mac Cathail, and a grandson Tnúthgal mac Artrach. With the exception of the last, all are reliably mentioned as kings of Cashel in the annals. His living direct descendants, the later ruling dynasty of Eóganacht Glendamnach, descendants of Art Caemh, a great-grandson of Artrí mac Cathail, are the Ó Caiomh (O'Keeffes) of County Cork. His daughter, Taileflaith, also has prominent 21st-century descendants. Notes References Bhreathnach, Edel (ed.), The Kingship and Landscape of Tara. Dublin: Four Courts Press for The Discovery Programme. 2005. Byrne, Francis John, Irish Kings and High-Kings. Dublin: Four Courts Press. 2nd revised edition, 2001. Charles-Edwards, T.M., Early Christian Ireland. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Connon, Anne, "A Prosopography of the Early Queens of Tara", in Edel Bhreathnach (ed.), The Kingship and Landscape of Tara. Dublin: Four Courts Press for The Discovery Programme. 2005. pp. 225–327. Duffy, Seán (ed.), Atlas of Irish History. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, 2nd edition, 2000. Mac Shamhráin, Ailbhe, "Cathal mac Finguine (d. 742)", in Seán Duffy (ed.), Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. 2005. pp. 69–70. Mac Shamhráin, Ailbhe, and Paul Byrne, "Kings named in Baile Chuinn Chétchathaig and the Airgíalla Charter Poem", in Edel Bhreathnach (ed.), The Kingship and Landscape of Tara. Dublin: Four Courts Press for The Discovery Programme. 2005. pp. 159–224. External links CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork The Corpus of Electronic Texts includes the Annals of Ulster and the Four Masters, the Chronicon Scotorum and the Book of Leinster as well as Genealogies, the Metrical Dindshenchas and various Saints' Lives. Most are translated into English, or translations are in progress. The Battle of Allen trans. Whitley Stokes (Irish texts at CELT) The Vision of Mac Con Glinne trans. Kuno Meyer (Irish text at CELT) Kings of Munster 742 deaths High Kings of Ireland 8th-century Irish monarchs Year of birth unknown

<mask> (died 742) was an Irish King of Munster or Cashel, and effectively High King of Ireland as well. He belonged to the Eóganacht Glendamnach sept of the dominant Eóganachta kin-group whose members dominated Munster from the 7th century to the 10th. His father, uncle, grandfather and great-grandfather had also been kings of Cashel, as were his son and grandson. Cathal's conflict with the Uí Néill kings, Fergal mac Máele Dúin, Flaithbertach mac Loingsig, and Áed Allán, son of Fergal mac Máele Dúin, is reported at some length in the Irish annals, and again northern and southern versions provide differing accounts. Cathal also appears as a character, not always portrayed sympathetically as in Aislinge Meic Con Glinne where he is possessed by a demon of gluttony, in a number of prose and verse tales in the Middle Irish language. Widely regarded as the most powerful Irish king of the first half of the 8th century, and the strongest (historical) king from Munster before Brian Bóruma, <mask> mac Finguine is believed to be the last king mentioned in the Baile Chuinn Chétchathaig. The most expansionist historical Eóganacht king before him was Faílbe Flann mac Áedo Duib (d. 639).Background The Eóganachta kingship, which had its chief seat at Cashel and chief church at Emly, was the most powerful in the southern half of Ireland, while the various branches of the Uí Néill and Connachta dominated the northern half. At this time, the Uí Néill were striving to be the sole Kings of Tara, with the succession generally alternating between the northern and southern branches of the Uí Néill, although the ancient ceremonial kingship had not long before been held by the Laigin and Ulaid, and more distantly the Dáirine and Érainn. The kingship of Cashel, argued in early Munster sources, e.g., the Uraicecht Becc, as actually the most powerful in Ireland, was founded in the middle of the 5th century by the descendants of Conall Corc and Aimend, the "inner circle" of the Eóganachta, who after a century and a half of able politicking had come to supersede the overlordship of the Corcu Loígde in Munster. For the century and a quarter until Cathal's death, the kingship of Cashel was dominated by the Eóganacht Chaisil and Eóganacht Glendamnach septs of the inner circle. The lands of the Glendamnach lay to the south-west of Cashel, in the middle valley of the Blackwater. Cathal's father, <mask> mac Cathail Con-cen-máthair (d. 696), uncle, Ailill mac Cathail (d. 701), grandfather, Cathal Cú-cen-máthair (d. 665/666), and great-grandfather, Cathal mac Áedo (d. 628), had been kings of Cashel. Cathal's immediate predecessor was probably Cormac mac Ailello of the Caisil sept, who was killed in battle against the Déisi in 713.Eterscél mac Máele Umai, who had been king and did not die until 721, had probably abdicated much earlier, so that Cathal was king at Cashel from around 713 onwards. While the Uí Néill and Eóganachta were the most important kingships in Ireland, the kings of Leinster and the kings of Connacht were significant forces. Leinster, once a much larger region, the northern parts of which had been conquered by the Uí Néill, was the target of expansionist Uí Néill kings, and also of the Eóganachta. The contest for control of Leinster would play a major part in Cathal's reign, and indeed in relations between the Eóganachta and Uí Néill in the centuries which followed. The kings of Connacht claimed a common kinship with the Uí Néill, and were largely favourable towards them. The remaining provincial kingship, that of the kings of Ulster, controlled a much smaller area than the later province of Ulster, largely confined to the lands north and east of Lough Neagh, and was generally hostile to the Uí Néill. Finally, in the vast province of Munster itself there were several respectable but peripheral dynasties, such as the Uí Liatháin (for whom see below), whose relationships with the Eóganachta were rather distant and ambiguous.Early reign The earliest record concerning <mask>, although it does not explicitly name him, is in 715 when Murchad <mask> Mut of the Uí Dúnlainge, the king of Leinster, led his inaugural raid against Cashel. The first event to mention Cathal is in 721 when he and Murchad mac Brain attacked the lands of the southern Uí Néill. The Annals of Ulster report: "[t]he wasting of Mag Breg by <mask> son of Finnguine, and by Murchad son of Bran." Later that year, Fergal mac Máele Dúin retaliated, not against Cathal and Munster, but against Murchad and Leinster. The Annals of Ulster report: "An invasion of the Laigin by Fergal, and the cattletribute was imposed and the hostages of the Laigin secured for Fergal son of Mael Dúin." That Fergal attacked Leinster in retaliation for the raid on Brega may mean that Cathal was, as Irwin notes, "the junior partner". The Annals of Inisfallen, as partisan a southern record as the Annals of Ulster are biased towards the Uí Néill, give a different and less reliable report of the events in 721:The harrying of Brega by Cathal son of Finnguine, king of Mumu, and after that he and Ferga son of Mael Dúin, king of Temuir [Tara], made peace; and Ferga submitted to Cathal.For these were the five kings of the Munstermen who ruled Ireland after the [introduction of the] Faith, viz. Aengus son of Nad Fraích, and his son, i.e. Eochaid who ruled Ireland for seventeen years, and <mask>, son of Finnguine, and Feidlimid, son of Crimthann, and Brian, son of Cennétig. Fergal led an Uí Néill army south into Leinster again in 722, but this time he was defeated and killed by the Leinstermen. This defeat was recorded in the Cath Almaine, a poem about the battle of Allen, fought on 11 December 722, the feast of Saint Finnian of Clonard. Much of the work is devoted to the story of the faithful bard Donn Bó, but the introduction provides a late view of the war:For a long time there was great warfare between <mask> son of Findguine, king of Leth Mogha, and Fergal son of Máel Duin, king of Leth Cuinn. Fergal son of Mael Duin raided Leinster in order to injure Cathal son of Findguine; so <mask> son of Findguine wasted the whole of Magh Bregh [the plain of Brega], until they made peace and truce.This truce, the poet tells, was broken by the Leinstermen:The Leinstermen had delivered this battle of Allen in the absence of <mask> mac Finguini, and Cathal was grieved that the battle was fought while he himself was away. They heard of Cathal's grudge against them, so this was the counsel they framed, to carry to Cathal Fergal's head as a trophy of the action. Cathal and Flaithbertach mac Loingsig On the death of Fergal, the Uí Néill kingship of Tara passed to Fogartach <mask> of the Síl nÁedo Sláine of South Brega, whose nominal High Kingship was ended in 724 when he was killed fighting against his Síl nÁedo Sláine kinsman Cináed <mask>laid of North Brega, who became the new overking of the Uí Néill. Cináed retained the overlordship of the Uí Néill for less than four years, being killed in battle at Druim Corcain against the Cenél Conaill king Flaithbertach <mask>ig, who took the overlordship of the Uí Néill. Flaithbertach himself reigned for only a few years before Áed Allán of the Cenél nEógain, son of Fergal mac Máele Dúin, fought him for the leadership of the Uí Néill, beginning in 732 and continuing through several battles until Flaithbertach abdicated and entered a monastery in 734. With the Uí Néill kings no great threat during the reigns of Fogartach, Cináed and Flaithbertach, Cathal sought to extend his authority over Leinster. The Cath Almaine claims that the dispute arose because Fergal mac Máele Dúin had been killed in defiance of the truce he had made with Cathal.Cathal was defeated by Áed <mask>laig, then King of Leinster, in 731, and a second battle in 735 was an even greater defeat:A battle between Mumu and Laigin, in which many of the Laigin and well nigh countless Munstermen perished; Cellach son of Faelchar, king of Osraige, fell therein, but <mask> son of Finnguine, king of Mumu, escaped. In 733 Cathal raided the lands of the Southern Uí Néill, but was defeated and driven off from Tailtiu by Domnall Midi of Clann Cholmáin. Cathal had more success against the neighbouring Clann Cholmáin Bicc, ruled by Fallomon mac Con Congalt, whom he defeated at the Hill of Ward. In 734 Cathal inflicted a defeat on the Leinstermen at Bealach Ele. Cathal and Áed Allán In 737, Áed Allán met with Cathal at Terryglass, probably neutral ground outwith the control of either king. Byrne says that it is unlikely that Cathal acknowledged Áed Allán's authority—the Uí Néill had little enough influence in the south—but if Cathal had expected some benefit from the meeting, where he perhaps acknowledged the ecclesiastical supremacy of Armagh, he was to be disappointed. However, the clerics of Armagh may have been well satisfied as the Annals of Ulster, in the entry following that which reports the meeting of Cathal and Áed Allán, say that the law of Patrick was in force in Ireland.This presumably means that they agreed to the special treatment of the church, its lands and its tenants, as prescribed by the law of Patrick. Mór Muman Of Mór Muman a legend survives which compares her to the goddess of sovereignty. Mór was placed under an enchantment and lost her senses. She wandered Ireland for two years before she came to Cashel and the court of Fingen. Fingen eventually slept with her, and her memory returned. In the morning, Fingen gave her the Queen's robe and brooch, and put aside his current Queen, daughter of the king of the Deisi, and put Mór in her place as she was of better blood. The Metrical Dindshenchas say of Fingen mac Áedo and Mór:Best of the women of Inis Failis Mór daughter of Áed Bennan.Better is Fingen than any herothat drives about Femen.When Fingen died, the story says, Mór Muman married Cathal mac Finguine. Unfortunately, the collector of this tale mistook this Cathal for his great-grandfather, <mask> mac Áedo Flaind. He may have married Mór Muman, but <mask> mac Finguine certainly did not. Family and descendants The historical wife of Cathal was the celebrated Caillech, a princess of the Uí Liatháin, southern neighbours of Eóganacht Glendamnach. His mother, Gormgel, also appears to have been of the Uí Liatháin, but from a different branch. Cathal's father was <mask> mac Cathail, uncle Ailill mac Cathail, grandfather Cathal Cú-cen-máthair, and great-grandfather <mask> mac Áedo. A son was Artrí mac Cathail, and a grandson Tnúthgal mac Artrach.With the exception of the last, all are reliably mentioned as kings of Cashel in the annals. His living direct descendants, the later ruling dynasty of Eóganacht Glendamnach, descendants of Art Caemh, a great-grandson of Artrí mac Cathail, are the Ó Caiomh (O'Keeffes) of County Cork. His daughter, Taileflaith, also has prominent 21st-century descendants. Notes References Bhreathnach, Edel (ed. ), The Kingship and Landscape of Tara. Dublin: Four Courts Press for The Discovery Programme. 2005.Byrne, Francis John, Irish Kings and High-Kings. Dublin: Four Courts Press. 2nd revised edition, 2001. Charles-Edwards, T.M., Early Christian Ireland. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Connon, Anne, "A Prosopography of the Early Queens of Tara", in Edel Bhreathnach (ed. ), The Kingship and Landscape of Tara.Dublin: Four Courts Press for The Discovery Programme. 2005. pp. 225–327. Duffy, Seán (ed. ), Atlas of Irish History. Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, 2nd edition, 2000. Mac Shamhráin, Ailbhe, "<mask> <mask>e (d. 742)", in Seán Duffy (ed.), Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. 2005. pp. 69–70. Mac Shamhráin, Ailbhe, and Paul Byrne, "Kings named in Baile Chuinn Chétchathaig and the Airgíalla Charter Poem", in Edel Bhreathnach (ed. ), The Kingship and Landscape of Tara. Dublin: Four Courts Press for The Discovery Programme.2005. pp. 159–224. External links CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork The Corpus of Electronic Texts includes the Annals of Ulster and the Four Masters, the Chronicon Scotorum and the Book of Leinster as well as Genealogies, the Metrical Dindshenchas and various Saints' Lives. Most are translated into English, or translations are in progress. The Battle of Allen trans. Whitley Stokes (Irish texts at CELT) The Vision of Mac Con Glinne trans. Kuno Meyer (Irish text at CELT) Kings of Munster 742 deaths High Kings of Ireland 8th-century Irish monarchs Year of birth unknown

The Irish King of Cashel was also the High King of Ireland. The Glendamnach sept of the Eganachta kin-group dominated Munster from the 7th century to the 10th century. His father, uncle, grandfather and great-grandfather were all kings of Cashel. The conflict with the U Néill kings is reported at some length. In a number of prose and verse tales in the Middle Irish language, the character of Cathal is not always portrayed sympathetically. The most powerful Irish king of the first half of the 8th century, and the strongest king from Munster before Brian Bruma, is believed to be the last king mentioned in the Baile Chuinn Chtchathaig. The most expansionist king before him was Falbe Flann mac edo Duib.The Eganachta kingship was the most powerful in the southern half of Ireland and the various branches of the U Nill and Connachta dominated the northern half. The U Néill wanted to be the sole Kings of Tara, with the succession alternating between the northern and southern branches, although the ancient ceremonial kingship had not yet been held by the Laigin and Ulaid. The kingship of Cashel was founded in the middle of the 5th century by the descendants of Conall Corc and Aimend. The kingship of Cashel had 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 The Glendamnach lands are to the south-west of Cashel in the valley of the Blackwater. Ailill mac Cathail is the uncle of Cathal C-cen-mthair. Cormac mac Ailello was killed in the battle against the Déisi in 712.The king of Cashel at the time, Eterscél <mask> Umai, abdicated before he died. The most important kingships in Ireland were the U Nill and Eganachta. The northern parts of Leinster, which had been conquered by the U Nill, were the target of expansionist U Nill kings. Relations between the Eganachta and U Nill were affected by the contest for control of Leinster. The kings of Connacht were friendly towards the U Néill. The U Nill was generally hostile to the remaining provincial kingship, that of the kings of Ulster, which was mostly confined to the lands north and east of Lough Neagh. The U Liathin, which was a respectable but peripheral dynasty, had a rather distant and ambiguous relationship with the Eganachta.In 715, Murchad <mask> Mut of the U Dnlainge led his first raid against Cashel. In 721, Murchad mac Brain and Cathal attacked the lands of the southern U Néill. The wasting of Mag Breg was done by the sons of Finnguine and Bran. Fergal mac Mele Din retaliated against Murchad and Leinster. "An invasion of the Laigin by Fergal and the cattletribute was imposed and the hostages of the Laigin secured for Fergal son of Mael Din." The raid on Brega may have led to the attack on Leinster by Fergal. The Annals of Inisfallen give a different and less reliable report of the events in 721: The harrying of Brega by the son of Finnguine.After the introduction of the Faith, five kings ruled Ireland. Aengus and his son. Eochaid, who ruled Ireland for seventeen years, was the son of Finnguine. The U Néill army was defeated and killed by the Leinstermen in 722. This defeat was recorded in a poem about the battle of Allen, which took place on the feast of Saint Finnian of Clonard. For a long time there was great warfare between the king of Findguine and the king of Leth Mogha. The whole of Magh Bregh was wasted until they made peace and truce.The truce was broken by the Leinstermen because they were upset that the battle was fought while he was away. They framed the counsel as a trophy of the action because they heard of <mask>'s dislike for them. The U Nill kingship of Tara passed to Fogartach <mask>ll of the Sl nedo Sline of South Brega. The U Nill had an overlordship for less than four years before it was taken over by the king of the Conaill. Alln of the Cenél nEgain fought Flaithbertach for the leadership of the U Nill, beginning in 732. With the U Nill kings no great threat during the reigns of Fogartach, Cined and Flaithbertach, Cathal sought to extend his authority over Leinster. Fergal <mask> Din was killed in defiance of the truce he had made with Cathal.In 731, <mask> Colggen of the U Cheinnselaig defeated Cathal, and a second battle took place in 734. The lands of the Southern U Néill were taken over by Domnall Midi of Clann Cholmin. The Clann Cholmin Bicc was ruled by Fallomon <mask> Congalt, who he defeated at the Hill of Ward. In 734, the Leinstermen were defeated at Bealach Ele. ed Alln met with Cathal at Terryglass, which was probably neutral ground because of the control of either king. It is unlikely that Cathal acknowledged Alln's authority, but if he had expected some benefit from the meeting, he would have. The law of Patrick was in force in Ireland, as reported in the Annals of Ulster, which may have been good news for the clerics of Armagh.The law of Patrick prescribes special treatment for the church, its lands and tenants. Mr Muman is compared to the goddess of sovereignty. Mr lost her senses when she was placed under an enchantment. She came to Cashel and the court of Fingen after two years in Ireland. Fingen eventually slept with her. In the morning, Fingen gave her the Queen's robe and brooch, and put aside her current Queen, the daughter of the king of the Deisi, and put Mr in her place. The women of Inis Failis Mr daughter of ed Bennan are the best of the best.The story says that Mr Muman married a woman. The collector of this tale mistook this for his great-grandfather, who was named <mask> mac edo Flaind. He may have married Mr Muman, but he did not. The celebrated Caillech was a princess of the U Liathin, southern neighbours of Eganacht Glendamnach. His mother was from a different branch of the U Liathin. Ailill mac Cathail, uncle Ailill mac Cathail, grandfather Cathal C-cen-mthair, and great-grandfather were all related to Cathal. Artr mac Cathail was a son and Tnthgal mac Artrach was a grandson.All of the kings of Cashel have been mentioned in the past. The Eganacht Glendamnach, descendants of Art Caemh, a great-grandson of Artr mac Cathail, are the Caiomh of County Cork. His daughter is also related to 21st-century descendants. Bhreathnach, Edel is the author of the Notes References. The Landscape of Tara and the Kingship. Four Courts Press is in Dublin. 2005.There are Irish Kings and High-Kings. Dublin: Four Courts Press. The 2nd revised edition was published in 2001. Charles-Edwards was from Early Christian Ireland. Cambridge University Press was published in 2000. "A Prosopography of the Early Queens of Tara" was written by Anne Connon. The Landscape of Tara and the Kingship.Four Courts Press is in Dublin. pp. There was a score of225– 327. Sen, "Duffy, Sen" There is an Atlas of Irish History. The 2nd edition of Dublin was published in 2000. "Cathal mac Finguine (d. 742)" is written by Mac Shamhrin.Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia is a book. There is a book called Routledge. pp. 69–70. Mac Shamhrin, Ailbhe, and Paul Byrne wrote "Kings named in Baile Chuinn Chtchathaig and the Airgalla Charter Poem". The Landscape of Tara and the Kingship. Four Courts Press is in Dublin.pp. 159–224. The Annals of Ulster and the Four Masters, the Chronicon Scotorum and the Book of Leinster are some of the electronic texts included in the CELT. Most are translated into English. The Battle of Allen took place. The Vision of Mac Con Glinne was written by Whitley Stokes. High Kings of Ireland 8th-century Irish monarchs Year of birth unknown.

59845908

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Francis%20Fahy

Edward Francis Fahy

Edward Francis (Frank) Fahy (8 June 1922 – 24 June 2005) was an Irish physicist, academic and administrator whose long career was spent mostly at University College Cork (1952–1987). There he was head of the department of physics (1964–1987) and college Vice President (1976–1987). He also served as chair of the School of Cosmic Physics at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (1970 to 1995). Early life Frank, as he was always known, was born on 8 June 1922 in Mallow, County Cork in the newly independent Irish State, the youngest son of John Wall Fahy (from Kilcrea, Cork) and Nora O’Sullivan (from Carigeen, Cork), who had settled in Mallow in 1915. Frank attended Saint Patrick’s National school and the Patrician Academy Secondary School, both in Mallow. In 1939, he enrolled in Engineering at University College Cork (UCC), having a keen interest in mathematics. His introduction to physics at UCC motivated a change in focus from engineering to physics, and in 1942 he graduated with a first class honours BSc in physics and mathematics. Career With encouragement from Professor John McHenry, then head of the physics department at UCC, he went to study at University College Dublin (UCD), and in 1944 completed his MSc there, with a thesis on "Problems on Atmospheric Electricity" done under the direction of P. J. Nolan. The same year, he was awarded a National University of Ireland (NUI) Travelling Studentship in physics, but due to WWII he first spent a year at Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS). The visiting programme gave him the opportunity to learn from many of the leading physicists of the day including Schrödinger, Dirac, Born and Heitler. It was a productive year in which he also met his future wife, Brigid (Bridie) Lavelle, from County Donegal. In October 1945 he arrived at the University of Chicago, at that time a world centre of nuclear physics where he had the opportunity to learn from Fermi, Teller and others. He was particularly influenced by Fermi, and he later adopted a similar presentation style whose goal was always to simplify and demystify physics. In 1951, he was awarded his PhD for a thesis on "Investigations on Large Cosmic-ray Bursts" done under Marcel Schein. In 1950 he accepted a position as assistant professor in the physics department at Marquette University Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where his young family settled. In 1948 he had married Bridie Lavelle in Chicago, and by the time he returned to UCC in 1952, the couple had three children. At UCC in the 1950s and 1960s, Frank turned his attention to expanding and enhancing the physics teaching programme there, especially at the undergraduate level. He became Professor of Physics in 1961, and department head in 1964, a position he held until his retirement in 1987. He was Vice President of UCC (1976–1987) and served as chair of the School of Cosmic Physics at DIAS (1970–1995). In the 1960s he led work to increase the physical facilities and staff of his department, leading to the design and construction of a new science building to house the departments of Experimental and Mathematical Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and Statistics. This allowed UCC to address the significant growth in student numbers. Under his mentorship and thanks to innovations he implemented, numerous UCC physics graduates successfully pursued PhDs in top research institutions abroad and are now leaders in their own right, e.g., Seamus Davis (Cornell), Margaret Murnane (Colorado), Richard Milner (MIT), Pat O’Shea (Maryland and UCC), Denjoe O’Connor (DIAS), and Stephen Fahy (UCC). He had a unique teaching style with clever insights to show how first principles lead in a simple way to behaviour and properties of a physical system; he often cautioned students to test their understanding by using the principles to solve other problems related to the situations discussed in class. Through his work with the Royal Irish Academy National Commission for the Teaching of Physics, he championed the use of SI (Système Internationale) units to simplify and avoid confusion in physics; he developed and taught an approach to electromagnetism that was later part of the textbook ‘Understanding Physics’, written by his colleagues, Michael Mansfield and Colm O’Sullivan. His own publications were eclectic, touching on physics, relativity and mathematics. Publications P. J. Nolan and E. F. Fahy, "Experiments on the Conductivity of Atmospheric Air", Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Vol. 50 (1944/1945), pp. 233–256 P. J. Nolan and E. F. Fahy, "The Removal of Radon from Atmospheric Air by Filtering", Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Vol. 50 (1944/1945), pp. 257–260. Edward F. Fahy and Marcel Schein, "Observations on Large Cosmic-Ray Bursts at an Altitude of 3500 Meters", Phys. Rev. 75, 207 – Published 1 January 1949 Edward F. Fahy, "Investigations of Large Cosmic-Ray Bursts", University of Chicago, Phys. Rev. 83, 2 – Published 15 July 1951, American Physical Society Edward F. Fahy and Frank G. Karioris, "Geometrical and Graphical Representations of Lissajous Figures", Amer. J. Phys, Vol 20, No 3, 121–123, March 1952 E. F. Fahy and M A MacConaill, "Optical Properties of ‘Cellophane’ ", Nature 178, 1072–1073, 10 November 1956 E. F. Fahy, "The clock paradox in relativity". Austral. J. Phys.2 1958 586–587. E. F. Fahy, E. F. "Aberration of Plane Waves", Nature, Vol 188, No 4748, 396–397, 29 October 1960. E. F. Fahy, "On the tight packing of equal spheres and associated problems in flat N-dimensional space". Amer. J. Phys. 29, 725–728, 1961 J. Foley, M. L. Ó Sé, and E. F. Fahy, "The Resistance of Butter to Penetration", Proc. 16th Int. Dairy Congress, 42–48, Copenhagen 1962. References External links Edward Francis Fahy at the Mathematics Genealogy Project 1922 births 2005 deaths People from Omagh Irish physicists 20th-century mathematicians Alumni of University College Dublin University of Chicago alumni Alumni of University College Cork Marquette University faculty Irish expatriates in the United States

<mask>Frank<mask> (8 June 1922 – 24 June 2005) was an Irish physicist, academic and administrator whose long career was spent mostly at University College Cork (1952–1987). There he was head of the department of physics (1964–1987) and college Vice President (1976–1987). He also served as chair of the School of Cosmic Physics at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (1970 to 1995). Early life Frank, as he was always known, was born on 8 June 1922 in Mallow, County Cork in the newly independent Irish State, the youngest son of <mask> (from Kilcrea, Cork) and Nora O’Sullivan (from Carigeen, Cork), who had settled in Mallow in 1915. Frank attended Saint Patrick’s National school and the Patrician Academy Secondary School, both in Mallow. In 1939, he enrolled in Engineering at University College Cork (UCC), having a keen interest in mathematics. His introduction to physics at UCC motivated a change in focus from engineering to physics, and in 1942 he graduated with a first class honours BSc in physics and mathematics.Career With encouragement from Professor John McHenry, then head of the physics department at UCC, he went to study at University College Dublin (UCD), and in 1944 completed his MSc there, with a thesis on "Problems on Atmospheric Electricity" done under the direction of P. J. Nolan. The same year, he was awarded a National University of Ireland (NUI) Travelling Studentship in physics, but due to WWII he first spent a year at Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS). The visiting programme gave him the opportunity to learn from many of the leading physicists of the day including Schrödinger, Dirac, Born and Heitler. It was a productive year in which he also met his future wife, Brigid (Bridie) Lavelle, from County Donegal. In October 1945 he arrived at the University of Chicago, at that time a world centre of nuclear physics where he had the opportunity to learn from Fermi, Teller and others. He was particularly influenced by Fermi, and he later adopted a similar presentation style whose goal was always to simplify and demystify physics. In 1951, he was awarded his PhD for a thesis on "Investigations on Large Cosmic-ray Bursts" done under Marcel Schein.In 1950 he accepted a position as assistant professor in the physics department at Marquette University Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where his young family settled. In 1948 he had married Bridie Lavelle in Chicago, and by the time he returned to UCC in 1952, the couple had three children. At UCC in the 1950s and 1960s, Frank turned his attention to expanding and enhancing the physics teaching programme there, especially at the undergraduate level. He became Professor of Physics in 1961, and department head in 1964, a position he held until his retirement in 1987. He was Vice President of UCC (1976–1987) and served as chair of the School of Cosmic Physics at DIAS (1970–1995). In the 1960s he led work to increase the physical facilities and staff of his department, leading to the design and construction of a new science building to house the departments of Experimental and Mathematical Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and Statistics. This allowed UCC to address the significant growth in student numbers.Under his mentorship and thanks to innovations he implemented, numerous UCC physics graduates successfully pursued PhDs in top research institutions abroad and are now leaders in their own right, e.g., Seamus Davis (Cornell), Margaret Murnane (Colorado), Richard Milner (MIT), Pat O’Shea (Maryland and UCC), Denjoe O’Connor (DIAS), and <mask> (UCC). He had a unique teaching style with clever insights to show how first principles lead in a simple way to behaviour and properties of a physical system; he often cautioned students to test their understanding by using the principles to solve other problems related to the situations discussed in class. Through his work with the Royal Irish Academy National Commission for the Teaching of Physics, he championed the use of SI (Système Internationale) units to simplify and avoid confusion in physics; he developed and taught an approach to electromagnetism that was later part of the textbook ‘Understanding Physics’, written by his colleagues, Michael Mansfield and Colm O’Sullivan. His own publications were eclectic, touching on physics, relativity and mathematics. Publications P. J. Nolan and E. F. Fahy, "Experiments on the Conductivity of Atmospheric Air", Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Vol. 50 (1944/1945), pp.233–256 P. J. Nolan and E. F<mask>, "The Removal of Radon from Atmospheric Air by Filtering", Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Section A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Vol. 50 (1944/1945), pp. 257–260. <mask><mask> and Marcel Schein, "Observations on Large Cosmic-Ray Bursts at an Altitude of 3500 Meters", Phys. Rev. 75, 207 – Published 1 January 1949 <mask><mask>, "Investigations of Large Cosmic-Ray Bursts", University of Chicago, Phys.Rev. 83, 2 – Published 15 July 1951, American Physical Society <mask><mask> and Frank G. Karioris, "Geometrical and Graphical Representations of Lissajous Figures", Amer. J. Phys, Vol 20, No 3, 121–123, March 1952 E. F<mask> and M A MacConaill, "Optical Properties of ‘Cellophane’ ", Nature 178, 1072–1073, 10 November 1956 E. F<mask>, "The clock paradox in relativity". Austral. J. Phys.2 1958 586–587. E. F. Fahy, E. F. "Aberration of Plane Waves", Nature, Vol 188, No 4748, 396–397, 29 October 1960. E. F<mask>, "On the tight packing of equal spheres and associated problems in flat N-dimensional space".Amer. J. Phys. 29, 725–728, 1961 J. Foley, M. L. Ó Sé, and E. F<mask>, "The Resistance of Butter to Penetration", Proc. 16th Int. Dairy Congress, 42–48, Copenhagen 1962. References External links <mask> <mask> at the Mathematics Genealogy Project 1922 births 2005 deaths People from Omagh Irish physicists 20th-century mathematicians Alumni of University College Dublin University of Chicago alumni Alumni of University College Cork Marquette University faculty Irish expatriates in the United States

<mask>Frank<mask> was an Irish physicist, academic and administrator who spent most of his career at University College Cork. He was the head of the physics department and the college vice president. He was the chair of the School of Cosmic Physics at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies from 1970 to 1995. Frank was born on 8 June 1922 in Mallow, County Cork in the newly independent Irish State, the youngest son of <mask> and Nora O' Sullivan. Frank attended two schools in Mallow. His interest in mathematics led him to enroll in Engineering at University College Cork in 1939. He graduated with a first class honours degree in physics and mathematics after changing his focus from engineering to physics.After encouragement from Professor John McHenry, who was head of the physics department at UCC, he went to study at University College Dublin and did a thesis on "Problems on Atmospheric Electricity" under the direction of P. J. Nolan. Due to World War II, he first spent a year at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. He was given the chance to learn from some of the leading physicists of the day. He met his future wife, Bridie Lavelle, from Donegal County, in a productive year. When he arrived at the University of Chicago in 1945, he had the chance to learn from some of the best physicists in the world. His goal was always to simplify and demystify physics, and he later adopted a similar presentation style. He received his PhD in 1951 for his research on large Cosmic-ray Bursts.He accepted a position as an assistant professor in the physics department at the University of Milwaukee in 1950. He married Bridie Lavelle in Chicago in 1948 and they had three children. Frank focused on expanding and enhancing the physics teaching programme at the undergraduate level at UCC in the 1950s and 1960s. He was department head from 1964 to 1987 and became professor of physics in 1961. He was the chair of the School of Cosmic Physics at the DIAS. In the 1960s he led work to increase the physical facilities and staff of his department, leading to the design and construction of a new science building to house the departments of Experimental and Mathematical Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and Statistics. The growth in student numbers was addressed by this.Thanks to innovations he implemented, many UCC physics graduates were able to pursue PhDs in top research institutions abroad and are now leaders in their own right. He had a unique teaching style with clever insights to show how first principles lead in a simple way to behavior and properties of a physical system; he often cautioned students to test their understanding by using the principles to solve other problems related to the situations discussed in class. Through his work with the Royal Irish Academy National Commission for the Teaching of Physics, he championed the use of SI units to simplify and avoid confusion in physics; he developed and taught an approach to electromagnetism that was later part of the textbook. His publications were all about mathematics and physics. The Royal Irish Academy published "Experiments on the Conductivity of Atmospheric Air". Section A is about mathematical and physical sciences. 50 was published in 1944/1945.The removal of Radon from Atmospheric Air by Filtering was presented in the Royal Irish Academy. Section A is about mathematical and physical sciences. 50 was published in 1944/1945. 25–60. "Observations on Large Cosmic-Ray Bursts at an Altitude of 3500 Meters" was written by <mask>. Rev. The "Investigations of Large Cosmic-Ray Bursts" was published in January 1949.Rev. The American Physical Society published "geometric and graphical representations of Lissajous figures" in 1951. "Optical Properties of 'Cellophane'" was written by E. F<mask> and M A MacConaill. Austral. J. Phys.2 was published in 1958. "Aberration of Plane Waves" was published in Nature on October 29, 1960. "On the tight packing of equal spheres and associated problems in flat N-dimensional space".The country of Amer. J. Phys. "The Resistance of Butter to Penetration" was published in 1961. The 16th Int. was the 16th int. The Dairy Congress was held in 1962. There are links to <mask> <mask> at the mathematics genealogy project.

8321943

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel%20Poett

Nigel Poett

General Sir Joseph Howard Nigel Poett, (20 August 1907 – 29 October 1991) was a British Army officer who commanded the 5th Parachute Brigade during the Second World War. Early life Poett was born on 20 August 1907, at a rented family house in Winterborne St. Martin, near the city of Dorchester. He was a twin, born at the same time as his sister Angela. Poett was the son of Julia Baldwin and Major-General Joseph Howard Poett, who saw service in the Second Anglo-Afghan War and the Boer War, and was commanding the 1st Battalion of the Dorsetshire Regiment in British India when Poett was born. Shortly after his birth, Poett's family moved to India to join his father, and then in 1910 they moved, this time to Canada, where his father hoped to take up a new career in farming. However, the family did not take well to their Canadian surroundings, Poett's mother in particular missing her European friends, and in 1914 the family moved to Britain. Poett's father returned to service in the First World War, attaining the honorary rank of brigadier general. Poett was first educated at a private boarding school, and then moved to Downside School, a Catholic public school. There he enjoyed a number of sports and joined the Officer Training Corps, but later regretted that he studied little of English language or Classical studies, instead being placed in a specialised class that focused on the mathematical and scientific skills required for pupils to join the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. After studying at Sandhurst, Poett opted to join the Durham Light Infantry, and was gazetted as an officer into the regiment on 1 September 1927. Military career Inter-war period Egypt and Razmak In November 1927, Poett was posted with the regiment to Egypt, with his battalion being stationed at Mustapha Barracks on the outskirts of the city of Alexandria. In December 1929, Poett was informed that his father had died, although his mother urged him not to return home, as he would not be able to return to Britain before the funeral took place. One month later, in January 1930, Poett was informed that he was to be transferred to the regiment's 2nd Battalion, which was soon to move to Razmak, a frontier post in Waziristan on the North-West Frontier. Poett first spent a month's leave visiting his family and travelling around Europe, and was then transported by troopship to Port Said. Arriving in April, Poett joined a draft of troops joining the 2nd Battalion, and then spent two weeks on a train travelling to the city of Bannu; once there, the draft were forced to remain until they could join one of the lorry columns that transported troops to Razmak. These only travelled once or twice a week, as the area surrounding the route to Razmak had to be guarded by British troops to protect the lorries from hostile tribesmen and snipers. The area around Razmak was in open conflict, with hostile tribesmen attacking those villages that had allied themselves with the British authorities, and sniping at British patrols. The camp at Razmak was strongly fortified with barbed wire and guard towers, as well as machine-gun and mortar positions. It was garrisoned by a brigade, which included a unit of mountain gunners and a number of Sappers from the Royal Engineers, as well as Poett's battalion. Upon arrival, he was attached to the battalion's 'A' Company, which was commanded by Oswald Paget, an old family friend. Only a short time later, Poett participated in an action by the battalion known as going on 'column', in which the battalion patrolled the area around the camp in order to 'show the flag' and highlight its continued presence at the camp. It was an extremely physical activity, and Poett found his first 'column' very trying, particularly due to the lack of water supplies carried by the troops during the process. Poett found that the hardest, and most dangerous part of the 'column', was when he commanded a picket that ranged in front of the battalion. When ordered by the battalion commander, the picket would occupy and then hold a hilltop that the battalion itself would later occupy; the danger was found in rushing the top of the hill, which would risk being fired upon by hostile tribesmen, as well as running fast down the often steep hill to withdraw and rejoin the battalion. Although his first 'column' was only a practice exercise, the political situation around Razmak rapidly worsered during Poett's time at the camp, and on further 'columns' he found himself fired upon a number of times. Poett did find one positive feature of the patrols, however – his fitness levels quickly increased, and he was later of the opinion that he reached the peak of his physical fitness whilst serving at Razmak. In the time between 'columns', Poett played polo with his fellow officers, and also helped level a patch of ground by hand, on which a permanent sports facility for the garrison was erected. Eventually the battalion's time at the camp came to an end and it transferred to Barrackpore, some fifteen miles from the city of Calcutta. India and the Sudan Just before leaving Razmak, Poett had been informed that he had been selected to serve as an aide-de-camp to the Governor of Bengal for six weeks, and upon arrival at Barrackpore found that he would start his duties in November 1930. While he waited, Poett was kept busy by commanding the companies of officers who decided to take annual leave in Britain, as well as learning Urdu in order to communicate with the Indian soldiers in the companies he commanded. Between November and the middle of January Poett then took up services as an ADC in Government House with the temporary rank of captain, one of three stationed there; he spent his time attending events with the Governor, as well as receiving and attending to visitors who wanted to see the Governor. During his time at Government House, Poett met General H.K. Bethell, the General Commanding the Presidency and Assam District. When the left Government House and returned to his battalion, General Bethell had Poett detached from the regiment to temporarily replace his ADC who had gone on leave. Bethell lived near Fort William in Calcutta, and Poett found it a demanding '6am to midnight' job. Poett's duties generally included exercising the General's ponies at his estate, joining the General when he inspected British and Commonwealth units in the area, and also accompanying him on tours around India. Poett eventually finished as Bethell's ADC and returned to his battalion, but not for long; he was then transferred to General Bethell's staff as a General Staff Officer 3rd Grade. This meant increased pay for Poett, as well as experience as a staff officer; he served under William Gott, then Bethell's General Staff Officer 2nd Grade, a future lieutenant general and intended commander of the British Eighth Army before he was killed in 1942. Poett returned to his battalion after a period as General Staff Officer, and then spent some time in Britain on leave. When he returned in 1934 he was trained on the Vickers machine gun, and then gazetted as the battalion's next adjutant. Poett took another period of leave to visit his brother-in-law in Australia, and during the journey met and fell in love with his future wife, Julia, on the ship from Bombay to Calcutta. After a brief time together in Australia with Julia, Poett returned to Bombay to act as battalion adjutant. At the end of 1935 the battalion was transferred to the Sudan, taking up station near the city of Khartoum. During the battalion's transfer, as well as for some time afterwards, Poett studied for the entrance exam at the British Army's Staff College. Although he passed the exams, he was unable to get a vacancy and eventually gave up. Then in April 1937, Poett took leave to the city of Wellington in New Zealand, where he married Julia on 26 May 1937. The next month the married couple moved to Britain, with Poett resuming his duties as battalion adjutant in Woking, where the battalion had recently been transferred. Second World War War Office and Washington Only a few days after Poett arrived in Britain, war had been declared on Germany and the Second World War had begun. He travelled to the regimental depot in County Durham, and after two weeks at Brancepeth Castle running troop exercises, he was informed that he had been promoted to the rank of major and appointed a General Staff Officer Grade 2. Poett would be attached to a branch of the War Office known as Staff Duties 2, and his specific duties were concerned with allocating weapons to British Army units positioned throughout the different theatres of war. In early May 1940, Poett was sent to the General Headquarters of the British Expeditionary Force, and when he returned to Britain at the port of Dover he was informed that the invasion of Belgium and France had begun during his journey. Poett appealed to the War Office to be released from staff duties and assigned to a division in the field, but it was not until the Dunkirk evacuation was over that a replacement was found for him. He was then assigned as the GSO 2 for the 2nd Infantry Division, which had only recently returned from France. The division was situated in East Riding and was responsible for the defence of a large section of Yorkshire coast; as a result a number of anti-invasion exercises were conducted by the division, and there were also a number of invasion warnings. One such alert took place when Poett was in Woking, where his wife had just given birth to his son Simon. Upon his return from Woking, Poett was transferred to the War Office, and by early 1941 he had been promoted to lieutenant-colonel and became the General Staff Officer Grade 1 in charge of the Staff Duties 2 branch of the War Office. Poett was given a secretary to help him handle his new responsibilities, many of which were secret in nature; they included developing the Orders of Battle for oversea theatres such as the Middle East, and the allocation of space on convoys travelling to these theatres. At one point Poett had to defend a paper he had written, about the Middle East Order of Battle, to the Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who was unhappy with the large number of administrative units assigned to the theatre. Poett continued his work throughout 1941, and in late December he travelled to Washington D.C. in the United States of America alongside an officer from the Plans Directorate, with orders to assist the Anglo-American planning of the coming conflict. These initial planning meetings ended in January 1942, and Poett returned with the Prime Minister's party via a specially-charted train to Norfolk, Virginia, and then by flying boat to Britain via Bermuda; when he was leaving the hotel he had been staying in, Poett was informed that his hotel bills and expenses had been paid for by the Americans as part of the Lend Lease agreement between the two countries. 5th Parachute Brigade When he returned from Washington, Poett requested that the War Office return him to regimental duty and give him command of a regular infantry battalion. A short while later, Poett was ordered to take command of the 11th Battalion of the Durham Light Infantry. At the time the battalion formed a part of the 70th Brigade, itself attached to the 49th Infantry Division. Poett assumed command of the battalion in Herefordshire, but soon travelled around the country with it, moving to Wales and Scotland, before finishing up in the Welsh town of Llanelli. Normandy In May 1943, Poett was assigned the command of the 5th Parachute Brigade, 6th Airborne Division. In the planning for Operation Overlord, the 5th Parachute Brigade was assigned the task of reinforcing two road bridges across the River Orne and the Caen Canal following earlier capture by a glider coup de main force. Poett jumped on D-Day at 0019 hours, with the pathfinders and a small team. At 0050 hours, Poett made contact with Lieutenant Sweeney at Horsa Bridge. He then made his way to the Pegasus Bridge and Major Howard. Ardennes The Battle of Bure took place where Poet's 5th Parachute Brigade took the town after heavy bitter fighting during the Battle of the Bulge. Rhine Post-war career He became Chief of Staff at Headquarters Far East Land Forces in 1950, General Officer Commanding 3rd Division based in the Middle East in 1952 and then Director of Military Operations at the War Office in 1954. He went on to be Commandant of the Staff College, Camberley in 1957 and General Officer Commanding Southern Command in 1958 before returning to Far East Land Forces in 1961 as Commander-in-Chief prior to his retirement in 1963. In September 1963, after his retirement, he gave a speech to the Commonwealth Club, San Francisco, on the subject 'Can the Communists Take South East Asia' and a recording is available He was knighted in 1958. In later life he was an active supporter of the Airborne Assault Normandy Trust a UK-based charity dedicated to preserving the history of the British 6th Airborne Division's pivotal role in the Normandy landings of June 1944. As such as he instigated the restoration and preservation of the Merville Battery, which opened in time for the 40th anniversary of D-Day in the summer of 1984. Restoration work was carried out by soldiers from 36 Engineer Regiment, based in Maidstone in the UK. References Bibliography External links British Army Officers 1939−1945 Generals of World War II Pegasus archive |- |- |- |- 1907 births 1991 deaths Alumni of the Royal College of Defence Studies British Army generals British Army personnel of the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation British Army brigadiers of World War II Commandants of the Staff College, Camberley Companions of the Distinguished Service Order Durham Light Infantry officers Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath Operation Overlord people People educated at Downside School People from Dorchester, Dorset Twin people from England War Office personnel in World War II Officers' Training Corps officers Military personnel from Dorset

General Sir <mask>, (20 August 1907 – 29 October 1991) was a British Army officer who commanded the 5th Parachute Brigade during the Second World War. Early life Poett was born on 20 August 1907, at a rented family house in Winterborne St. Martin, near the city of Dorchester. He was a twin, born at the same time as his sister Angela. Poett was the son of Julia Baldwin and Major-General <mask>, who saw service in the Second Anglo-Afghan War and the Boer War, and was commanding the 1st Battalion of the Dorsetshire Regiment in British India when Poett was born. Shortly after his birth, Poett's family moved to India to join his father, and then in 1910 they moved, this time to Canada, where his father hoped to take up a new career in farming. However, the family did not take well to their Canadian surroundings, Poett's mother in particular missing her European friends, and in 1914 the family moved to Britain. Poett's father returned to service in the First World War, attaining the honorary rank of brigadier general.Poett was first educated at a private boarding school, and then moved to Downside School, a Catholic public school. There he enjoyed a number of sports and joined the Officer Training Corps, but later regretted that he studied little of English language or Classical studies, instead being placed in a specialised class that focused on the mathematical and scientific skills required for pupils to join the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. After studying at Sandhurst, Poett opted to join the Durham Light Infantry, and was gazetted as an officer into the regiment on 1 September 1927. Military career Inter-war period Egypt and Razmak In November 1927, Poett was posted with the regiment to Egypt, with his battalion being stationed at Mustapha Barracks on the outskirts of the city of Alexandria. In December 1929, Poett was informed that his father had died, although his mother urged him not to return home, as he would not be able to return to Britain before the funeral took place. One month later, in January 1930, Poett was informed that he was to be transferred to the regiment's 2nd Battalion, which was soon to move to Razmak, a frontier post in Waziristan on the North-West Frontier. Poett first spent a month's leave visiting his family and travelling around Europe, and was then transported by troopship to Port Said.Arriving in April, Poett joined a draft of troops joining the 2nd Battalion, and then spent two weeks on a train travelling to the city of Bannu; once there, the draft were forced to remain until they could join one of the lorry columns that transported troops to Razmak. These only travelled once or twice a week, as the area surrounding the route to Razmak had to be guarded by British troops to protect the lorries from hostile tribesmen and snipers. The area around Razmak was in open conflict, with hostile tribesmen attacking those villages that had allied themselves with the British authorities, and sniping at British patrols. The camp at Razmak was strongly fortified with barbed wire and guard towers, as well as machine-gun and mortar positions. It was garrisoned by a brigade, which included a unit of mountain gunners and a number of Sappers from the Royal Engineers, as well as Poett's battalion. Upon arrival, he was attached to the battalion's 'A' Company, which was commanded by Oswald Paget, an old family friend. Only a short time later, Poett participated in an action by the battalion known as going on 'column', in which the battalion patrolled the area around the camp in order to 'show the flag' and highlight its continued presence at the camp.It was an extremely physical activity, and Poett found his first 'column' very trying, particularly due to the lack of water supplies carried by the troops during the process. Poett found that the hardest, and most dangerous part of the 'column', was when he commanded a picket that ranged in front of the battalion. When ordered by the battalion commander, the picket would occupy and then hold a hilltop that the battalion itself would later occupy; the danger was found in rushing the top of the hill, which would risk being fired upon by hostile tribesmen, as well as running fast down the often steep hill to withdraw and rejoin the battalion. Although his first 'column' was only a practice exercise, the political situation around Razmak rapidly worsered during Poett's time at the camp, and on further 'columns' he found himself fired upon a number of times. Poett did find one positive feature of the patrols, however – his fitness levels quickly increased, and he was later of the opinion that he reached the peak of his physical fitness whilst serving at Razmak. In the time between 'columns', Poett played polo with his fellow officers, and also helped level a patch of ground by hand, on which a permanent sports facility for the garrison was erected. Eventually the battalion's time at the camp came to an end and it transferred to Barrackpore, some fifteen miles from the city of Calcutta.India and the Sudan Just before leaving Razmak, Poett had been informed that he had been selected to serve as an aide-de-camp to the Governor of Bengal for six weeks, and upon arrival at Barrackpore found that he would start his duties in November 1930. While he waited, Poett was kept busy by commanding the companies of officers who decided to take annual leave in Britain, as well as learning Urdu in order to communicate with the Indian soldiers in the companies he commanded. Between November and the middle of January Poett then took up services as an ADC in Government House with the temporary rank of captain, one of three stationed there; he spent his time attending events with the Governor, as well as receiving and attending to visitors who wanted to see the Governor. During his time at Government House, Poett met General H.K. Bethell, the General Commanding the Presidency and Assam District. When the left Government House and returned to his battalion, General Bethell had Poett detached from the regiment to temporarily replace his ADC who had gone on leave. Bethell lived near Fort William in Calcutta, and Poett found it a demanding '6am to midnight' job.Poett's duties generally included exercising the General's ponies at his estate, joining the General when he inspected British and Commonwealth units in the area, and also accompanying him on tours around India. Poett eventually finished as Bethell's ADC and returned to his battalion, but not for long; he was then transferred to General Bethell's staff as a General Staff Officer 3rd Grade. This meant increased pay for Poett, as well as experience as a staff officer; he served under William Gott, then Bethell's General Staff Officer 2nd Grade, a future lieutenant general and intended commander of the British Eighth Army before he was killed in 1942. Poett returned to his battalion after a period as General Staff Officer, and then spent some time in Britain on leave. When he returned in 1934 he was trained on the Vickers machine gun, and then gazetted as the battalion's next adjutant. Poett took another period of leave to visit his brother-in-law in Australia, and during the journey met and fell in love with his future wife, Julia, on the ship from Bombay to Calcutta. After a brief time together in Australia with Julia, Poett returned to Bombay to act as battalion adjutant.At the end of 1935 the battalion was transferred to the Sudan, taking up station near the city of Khartoum. During the battalion's transfer, as well as for some time afterwards, Poett studied for the entrance exam at the British Army's Staff College. Although he passed the exams, he was unable to get a vacancy and eventually gave up. Then in April 1937, Poett took leave to the city of Wellington in New Zealand, where he married Julia on 26 May 1937. The next month the married couple moved to Britain, with Poett resuming his duties as battalion adjutant in Woking, where the battalion had recently been transferred. Second World War War Office and Washington Only a few days after Poett arrived in Britain, war had been declared on Germany and the Second World War had begun. He travelled to the regimental depot in County Durham, and after two weeks at Brancepeth Castle running troop exercises, he was informed that he had been promoted to the rank of major and appointed a General Staff Officer Grade 2.Poett would be attached to a branch of the War Office known as Staff Duties 2, and his specific duties were concerned with allocating weapons to British Army units positioned throughout the different theatres of war. In early May 1940, Poett was sent to the General Headquarters of the British Expeditionary Force, and when he returned to Britain at the port of Dover he was informed that the invasion of Belgium and France had begun during his journey. Poett appealed to the War Office to be released from staff duties and assigned to a division in the field, but it was not until the Dunkirk evacuation was over that a replacement was found for him. He was then assigned as the GSO 2 for the 2nd Infantry Division, which had only recently returned from France. The division was situated in East Riding and was responsible for the defence of a large section of Yorkshire coast; as a result a number of anti-invasion exercises were conducted by the division, and there were also a number of invasion warnings. One such alert took place when Poett was in Woking, where his wife had just given birth to his son Simon. Upon his return from Woking, Poett was transferred to the War Office, and by early 1941 he had been promoted to lieutenant-colonel and became the General Staff Officer Grade 1 in charge of the Staff Duties 2 branch of the War Office.Poett was given a secretary to help him handle his new responsibilities, many of which were secret in nature; they included developing the Orders of Battle for oversea theatres such as the Middle East, and the allocation of space on convoys travelling to these theatres. At one point Poett had to defend a paper he had written, about the Middle East Order of Battle, to the Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who was unhappy with the large number of administrative units assigned to the theatre. Poett continued his work throughout 1941, and in late December he travelled to Washington D.C. in the United States of America alongside an officer from the Plans Directorate, with orders to assist the Anglo-American planning of the coming conflict. These initial planning meetings ended in January 1942, and Poett returned with the Prime Minister's party via a specially-charted train to Norfolk, Virginia, and then by flying boat to Britain via Bermuda; when he was leaving the hotel he had been staying in, Poett was informed that his hotel bills and expenses had been paid for by the Americans as part of the Lend Lease agreement between the two countries. 5th Parachute Brigade When he returned from Washington, Poett requested that the War Office return him to regimental duty and give him command of a regular infantry battalion. A short while later, Poett was ordered to take command of the 11th Battalion of the Durham Light Infantry. At the time the battalion formed a part of the 70th Brigade, itself attached to the 49th Infantry Division.Poett assumed command of the battalion in Herefordshire, but soon travelled around the country with it, moving to Wales and Scotland, before finishing up in the Welsh town of Llanelli. Normandy In May 1943, <mask> was assigned the command of the 5th Parachute Brigade, 6th Airborne Division. In the planning for Operation Overlord, the 5th Parachute Brigade was assigned the task of reinforcing two road bridges across the River Orne and the Caen Canal following earlier capture by a glider coup de main force. Poett jumped on D-Day at 0019 hours, with the pathfinders and a small team. At 0050 hours, Poett made contact with Lieutenant Sweeney at Horsa Bridge. He then made his way to the Pegasus Bridge and Major Howard. Ardennes The Battle of Bure took place where Poet's 5th Parachute Brigade took the town after heavy bitter fighting during the Battle of the Bulge.Rhine Post-war career He became Chief of Staff at Headquarters Far East Land Forces in 1950, General Officer Commanding 3rd Division based in the Middle East in 1952 and then Director of Military Operations at the War Office in 1954. He went on to be Commandant of the Staff College, Camberley in 1957 and General Officer Commanding Southern Command in 1958 before returning to Far East Land Forces in 1961 as Commander-in-Chief prior to his retirement in 1963. In September 1963, after his retirement, he gave a speech to the Commonwealth Club, San Francisco, on the subject 'Can the Communists Take South East Asia' and a recording is available He was knighted in 1958. In later life he was an active supporter of the Airborne Assault Normandy Trust a UK-based charity dedicated to preserving the history of the British 6th Airborne Division's pivotal role in the Normandy landings of June 1944. As such as he instigated the restoration and preservation of the Merville Battery, which opened in time for the 40th anniversary of D-Day in the summer of 1984. Restoration work was carried out by soldiers from 36 Engineer Regiment, based in Maidstone in the UK. References Bibliography External links British Army Officers 1939−1945 Generals of World War II Pegasus archive |- |- |- |- 1907 births 1991 deaths Alumni of the Royal College of Defence Studies British Army generals British Army personnel of the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation British Army brigadiers of World War II Commandants of the Staff College, Camberley Companions of the Distinguished Service Order Durham Light Infantry officers Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath Operation Overlord people People educated at Downside School People from Dorchester, Dorset Twin people from England War Office personnel in World War II Officers' Training Corps officers Military personnel from Dorset

The British Army officer who commanded the 5th Parachute brigade during the Second World War was named General Sir Joseph Howard. Poett was born on August 20, 1907, at a rented family house in Winterborne St. Martin. He was a twin at the same time as his sister. Poett was the son of Julia Baldwin and Major-General <mask>, who both saw service in the Second Anglo-Afghan War and the Boer War. After Poett's birth, his family moved to India to join his father, and then to Canada in 1910, where his father hoped to start a farming career. The family moved to Britain in 1914 because Poett's mother missed her European friends in Canada. Poett's father was a brigadier general in the First World War.Poett attended a private boarding school before moving to a Catholic public school. He joined the Officer Training Corps and enjoyed a number of sports, but later regretted that he didn't study English or Classical studies, instead being placed in a class that focused on the mathematical and scientific skills required for pupils to join the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. Poett joined the Durham Light Infantry and became an officer on 1 September 1927. In 1927, Poett was posted to Egypt with his battalion being stationed at Mustapha Barracks on the outskirts of the city of Alexandria. In December of 1929, Poett was told that his father had died and that he would not be able to return to Britain before the funeral. In January 1930, Poett was informed that he was to be transferred to the 2nd battalion, which was soon to move to a frontier post in Waziristan. After visiting his family and travelling around Europe, Poett was taken by troopship to Port Said.After joining the 2nd Battalion, Poett spent two weeks on a train travelling to the city of Bannu, where they were forced to remain until they could join one of the columns that transported them to Razmak. The area surrounding the route to Razmak had to be guarded by British troops and these only traveled once or twice a week. The area around Razmak was in an open conflict with hostile tribesmen attacking those villages that had allied themselves with the British authorities. The camp was fortified with barbed wire and guard towers. It was garrisoned by a brigade, which included a unit of mountain gunners, as well as <mask>'s battalion. Oswald Paget was an old family friend and he commanded the 'A' Company. Poett participated in an action by the battalion known as going oncolumn, in which the battalion patrolled the area around the camp in order to show the flag and highlight its continued presence at the camp.Poett's first column was very difficult due to the lack of water supplies carried by the troops. The most dangerous part of the column was when Poett commanded a picket that ranged in front of the battalion. When ordered by the battalion commander, the picket would occupy and hold a hilltop that the battalion itself would later occupy; the danger was found in rushing the top of the hill, which would risk being fired upon by hostile tribesmen, as well as running fast down the often steep hill to withdraw During Poett's time at the camp, the political situation around Razmak deteriorated rapidly, and he found himself fired upon a number of times. Poett found one positive feature of the patrols, that his fitness levels quickly increased, and he was later of the opinion that he reached the peak of his physical fitness while serving at Razmak. In the time between columns, Poett played polo with his fellow officers, and also helped level a patch of ground by hand, on which a permanent sports facility for the garrison was erected. Barrackpore is fifteen miles from Calcutta and the battalion's time at the camp came to an end.After leaving Razmak, Poett was told that he had been selected to serve as an aide-de-camp to the Governor of Bengal for six weeks, and that he would start his duties in November 1930. While he waited, Poett kept busy by commanding the companies of officers who decided to take annual leave in Britain, as well as learning Urdu in order to communicate with the Indian soldiers in the companies he commanded. Between November and the middle of January, Poett was stationed at Government House with the rank of captain and was able to attend events with the Governor as well as receiving and attending to visitors who wanted to see him. Poett met General H.K. at Government House. The General Commanding of the Presidency and Assam District was commanded by Bethell. After leaving Government House and returning to his battalion, General Bethell had Poett detached from the battalion to take over the duties of his assistant commander who had gone on leave. Poett had a demanding job near Fort William in Calcutta.Poett joined the General when he inspected British and Commonwealth units in the area, as well as accompanying him on tours around India. Poett returned to his battalion but not before he was transferred to General Bethell's staff as a General Staff Officer 3rd Grade. Poett's pay was increased, as well as his experience as a staff officer, because he served under William Gott, a future lieutenant general and intended commander of the British Eighth Army before he was killed in 1942. Poett spent some time in Britain on leave after returning to his battalion. He became the battalion's next adjutant after training on the Vickers machine gun. After taking another period of leave to visit his brother-in-law in Australia, Poett met and fell in love with his future wife, Julia, on the ship from Bombay to Calcutta. Poett returned to Bombay to act as battalion adjutant after a brief time in Australia with Julia.The battalion was transferred to the Sudan at the end of 1935. Poett studied for the entrance exam at the British Army's Staff College after the battalion's transfer. He was unable to get a job because he passed the exams. In 1937, Poett took leave from his job in the city of Wellington in New Zealand to marry Julia. Poett resumed his duties as battalion adjutant in Woking after the married couple moved to Britain. The Second World War began a few days after Poett arrived in Britain. After two weeks at Brancepeth Castle running troop exercises, he was informed that he had been promoted to the rank of major and appointed a general staff officer grade 2.Poett was attached to a branch of the War Office called Staff Duties 2 and his specific duties were to allocate weapons to British Army units positioned throughout the different theatres of war. The invasion of Belgium and France began when Poett was sent to the General Headquarters of the British Expeditionary Force. Poett appealed to the War Office to be released from staff duties and assigned to a division in the field, but it was not until the Dunkirk evacuation was over that a replacement was found for him. He was assigned as the GSO 2 for the 2nd Infantry Division, which only recently returned from France. There were a number of invasion warnings and anti-invasion exercises conducted by the division, which was located in East Riding. When Poett's wife had just given birth to his son, there was an alert that took place. Poett became the General Staff Officer Grade 1 in charge of the Staff Duties 2 branch of the War Office after he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel.The Orders of Battle for oversea theatres such as the Middle East and the allocation of space on convoys travelling to these theatres were some of the secret responsibilities that Poett was given a secretary to help handle. Poett had to defend a paper he wrote about the Middle East Order of Battle to the Prime Minister, who was unhappy with the large number of administrative units assigned to the theatre. In late December of 1941, Poett traveled to Washington D.C. with an officer from the Plans Directorate to assist the Anglo-American planning of the coming conflict. After these initial planning meetings ended in January 1942, Poett returned with the Prime Minister's party via a specially-charted train to Norfolk, Virginia, and then by flying boat to Britain via Bermuda; when he was leaving the hotel he had been staying in, he was informed that Poett requested that the War Office give him command of a regular infantry battalion after he returned from Washington. Poett was given the command of the 11th Battalion of the Durham Light Infantry. The battalion was attached to the 49th Infantry Division at the time.After assuming command of the battalion in Herefordshire, Poett traveled around the country and finished up in the Welsh town of Llanelli. Poett was assigned the command of the 5th Parachute brigade in May 1943. Following the capture of the Caen Canal by a glider coup de main force, the 5th Parachute brigade was assigned the task of reinforcing two road bridges across the River Orne. Poett and a small team jumped on D-Day. Poett made contact with Lieutenant Sweeney. He made his way to the bridge. Poet's 5th Parachute brigade took the town of Bure after heavy fighting during the Battle of the Bulge.He became Chief of Staff at Headquarters Far East Land Forces in 1950, General Officer Commanding 3rd Division based in the Middle East in 1952 and then Director of Military Operations at the War Office in 1954. He served as Commander-in-Chief of the Far East Land Forces before retiring in 1963. In 1963, after his retirement, he gave a speech to the Commonwealth Club in San Francisco on the topic 'Can the Communists Take South East Asia'. He was an active supporter of the Airborne assault Normandy Trust, a UK charity dedicated to preserving the history of the British 6th Airborne Division's pivotal role in the Normandy landings of June 1944. He instigated the restoration and preservation of the Merville Battery, which opened in time for the 40th anniversary of D-Day. The restoration work was carried out by soldiers from the 36 Engineer Regiment. The Royal College of Defence Studies has an archive of Generals of World War II.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Jessey

Henry Jessey

Henry Jessey or Jacie (1603 in West Rowton, Yorkshire – 1663) was one of many English Dissenters. He was a founding member of the Puritan religious sect, the Jacobites. Jessey was considered a Hebrew and a rabbinical scholar. His active philosemitism has led him to be described as "among Israel's greatest seventeenth-century benefactors." Life Jessey attended the University of Cambridge from 1618–24; he was at St. John's College, Cambridge in 1622, B. A. (1623). He was ordained as an Anglican priest in 1627. He was vicar of Assington, or simply resident in the family of Brampton Gurdon and then visited New England. He was vicar of Aughton, East Riding of Yorkshire from 1633; but was deprived of his living in 1634. He was then supported by Sir Matthew Boynton, who found him places to preach. Henry Jacob had formed a non-separatist independent faction of former Church of England members. They were Calvinist in theological practise. Contemporary scholars refer to them as: Independents, Brownist, semi-Separatist, or Puritans. John Lothropp picked up Jacob's London congregation after his death; Jessey took over, from 1637. The church faced hostility from the authorities, and migrated to Southwark where Jessey became a preacher at St George the Martyr church and then under Cromwell, it is claimed, rector. He travelled in November 1639 to set up with William Wroth, an Independent church at Llanfaches, Monmouthshire. He was imprisoned, with members of his congregation, in August 1641. He became a Baptist in 1645, under the influence of Hanserd Knollys. Henry Jessey also observed the seventh-day Sabbath, although he was somewhat reluctant to promulgate his views on the subject. However, in 1647 he argued that the seventh-day was "[Christ's] Sabbath which he blessed and sanctified. It has been suggested that he may have authored the anonymous "Moralitie of the Fourth Commandment" (1652). In his posthumous work, Miscellanea Sacra, or Diverse Necessary Truths (1665) Jessey asserted that believing Christians "should have respect to all the Ten Commandments of the Law." Jessey's biographer records that he kept the Sabbath in his own chamber, with only four or five more of the same mind after being convinced that the seventh day should be kept by Christians evangelically. Jessey's itinerary throughout western England contributed to the beginnings of several Sabbatarian groups. The church developed within the Particular Baptists: There have been some questions raised about the documentary evidence, the Stinton Repository attributed to Bernard Stinton. In 1650, Jessey wrote The Glory of Iehudah and Israel in which he extolled the nobility of the Jews and proposed the reconciliation of Christianity and Judaism. He then played a moderating role among the political millenarians in the two years before the Whitehall Conference. Jessey was buried in the New Churchyard, Bethlem, London, on the 8 September 1663. The Whitehall Conference He wrote an account of the 1655 conference at Whitehall, at which Manasseh ben Israel put a case to the Parliamentary government of Oliver Cromwell, to lift the restrictions on Jews living in England. He was in correspondence with Manasseh, was an enthusiastic student of Hebrew and Aramaic and philo-Semite. In lobbying for the rights of the Jews to official readmission to the country, and in high expectations from this, Jessey was an associate of John Dury and Nathaniel Holmes. In 1658 Jessey composed a work entitled An Information Concerning the Present State of the Jewish Nation in Europe and Judea. He both advocated the conversion of the Jews and treating them with kindness, and believed God's special concern for them. The pamphlet also expresses concern for the trials of the Jews in Palestine, specifically the suffering from the lack of donations following the Khmelnytsky Uprising which had led to a decrease in the Jewish population in Eastern Europe and a subsequent loss of donations. As well as raising money for the impoverished Jews of Palestine, Jessey was also well acquainted with two of the key figures disseminating information throughout Europe about the Jewish millenarian prophet Sabbatai Zevi. Bibliography Primary sources Ames, William 1576-1633. The relation of church and state [n.d.], in The Reformation of the Church, Murray, I. H. (ed.) [1965] __. De Conscientia et ejus vel casibus (1630) __. Conscience with the power and cases thereof. (Tr. out of Latine) (1639) [STC 552] Bilson, Thomas, 1546-7?-1616. The effect of certaine sermons, touching the full redemption of mankind (1599) [STC 3064] __. Perpetual government of Christes Church Bradshaw, William, 1571-1618. A treatise of divine worship, tending to prove that the ceremonies imposed vpon the ministers of the Gospell in England, in the present controversie, are in their vse vnlawfull (1604) [STC 3528] __. A Protestation of the King's Supremacie (1605) [STC 3525] Cosin, Richard, 1549?-1597. Answer to the two first and principall treatises of a certain faction libel, put foorth latelie, without name of author or printer, and without approbation by authoritie, ... Dickinson, Edmund, 1624-1707. Delphi phoenicizantes, sive Tractatus, in quo Graecos, quicquid apud Delphos celebre erat: ... (1655) [EEb, 1641–1700 ; 528:19] Downame, George, d. 1634. Defence of the sermon preached at the consecration of the L. Bishop of Bath and Welles [1613] Featley, Daniel. The Dippers Dipt (1645) Fenner, Dudley, 1558?-1587 A counter-poyson, modestly written for the time, to make aunswere to the obiections and reproaches, wherein the aunswere to the Abstract, would disgrace the holy discipline of Christ [1584] [EEb, 1475-1460; 224:8] [STC (2nd ed.) 10770] [ESTCS101936] Howard, Luke., A Looking-Glass for Baptists (1672) Jacob, Henry, 1563-1624. __. A treatise of the sufferings and victory of Christ, in then work of our redemption declaring by the Scriptures these two questions, ... (1598) [EEb, 1475–1640; 936:16][STC 14340] [ESCTS107530] __. A Defence of the Chvrches and Ministry of Englande. Written in two treatises, against the reasons and objections of Maister Francis Iohnson. and others of the separation commonly called Brownists, ... (1599) [EEb, 1475–1640; 251:2][STC 14335] [ESTCS107526] __. A short treatise concerning the trvenes of a pastoral calling in pastors made by prelates ... (1599) __. A defence of a treatise touching the sufferings and victorie of Christ in the worke of our redemption. ... (1600) [EEb, 1475–1640; 936:15][STC (2nd ed.)14333] [ESTCS103093] __. [Another. ed.] (1600) [STC 14334] __. Reasons taken ovt of Gods Word and the best humane Testimonies proving a necessitie of reforming ovr churches in England ... (1603) [EEb, 1475–1640; 993:9][STC 14338] [ESTCS120955] __. [Another ed.] (1909) __. Principles and Foundations of the Christian Religion __. A Third Humble Supplication of many faithful subjects in England falsely called Puritans directed to the King's Majesty (1605) __. A Christian and Modest Offer of a Most Indifferent Conference or dispvtation, abovt the Maine and principall coutroversies betwixt the prelate, and the late silenced and deprived ministers in England (1606) [EEb, 1475–1640; 1145:3] [STC 14329] [ESTCS120767] __. .To the High and mightie Prince, Iames by the grace of God, King of great Britannie, France, and Irelande ... : An Humble Supplication for Toleration and Libertie to Enjoy and Observe the Ordinances of Christ Jesus in th' administration of His Churches in Lieu of Human Constitutions (1609) __. [Another ed.] (1975) __. An humble Supplication for Toleration (1609) __. Divine Beginnings and Institutions of Christ true Visible ... Church, (1610) __. [The divine beginning of Christs church] (1610) [EEb, 1475–1640; 993:7] [STC 14336] [ESTCS101363] __. A plaine and cleere Exposition of the Second Commandement (1610) [STC 14337] __. A declaration and plainer opening of certaine pointes in the divine beginning of Christes true Church (1611) [STC 14331] __. A declaration and plainer opening of certaine points, with a sound confirmation of some other, contained in a teatise intituled, The divine beginning and institution of Christes true visible and ministerial church (1612) [EEb, 1475–1640; 1145:4, 1549:4][STC 14332] [ESTCS102836] __. An Attestation of many Learned godly, and famous Divines, lightes of religion, and pillars of the Gospell, justifying this doctrine, ... (1613) [EEb, 1475–1640; 993:5] [STC 14328] [ESTCS117858] __. An Attestation of many divines that the Church-government ought to bee alwayes with the peoples free consent (1613) __. [Another ed.] (1975) __. Anno Domini 1616. A Confession and Protestation of the Faith of certaine Christians in England [1616] [EEb, 1475–1640; 993:6] [STC 14330] [ESCTS120216] __. Kneeling in the act of eating and drinking at the Lords table is a sinne. Proved by 8 arguments printed in the yeare. 1641. (1641) [Wing (2nd ed.) J96] [Thomason Tracts; 163:E.1102(5)][ESTCR208356] Jessey, Henry, 1603–1663. The Scripture-almanacke, or a calculation according to the English account, and the Word of God. [1646][EEb, 1641–1700; 2380:2] [Wing (CD-ROM, 1996) A1833A] [ESTCR223971] __. [Another ed.] 1650. The scripture-kalendar, used by the prophets and apostles, and by our Lord Jesus Christ [1650] [EEb, 1641–1700; 2322:4] [Wing A1835A] [ECTSR229487] __. A Storehouse of Provision (1650) __. Miscellanea sacra, or, Diverse necessary truths, now as seasonably published, as they were plainly and compendiously proved by Henry Jessey, late minister of the Gospel in London (1665) [EEb, 1641–1700; 1950:6] [Wing (2nd ed.) J695] [ESTCR216570] __. A Looking-glass for children being a narrative of God's gracious dealings with some little children, recollectedby Henry Jessey in his lifetime [4th ed.; 1673] [EEB, 1641–1700; 2292:24] [Wing P30A] [ESTCR42778] __. [Another ed.] (1709)[ESTCW38859] __. "Letters to Henry Jacie", in Collections (Mass. Historical Society), 3rd ser., 1; 4th ser., 6 Johnson, Francis, 1562-1618. An answer to Maister H. Iacob his defence of the churches and ministry of England. By Francis Johnson an exile of Iesus Christ (1600) [EEb, 1475–1640; 994:11] [STC 14658] [ESTCS121679] Killcop, Thomas, A short Treatise of Baptisme (1642) Ormerod, Oliver, 1580?-1626. The Picture of a Puritane ; or a relation of the opinions a. practises of the Anabaptists in Germanie a. of the puritanes in England. Whereunto is annexed Puritano-papismus (1605) [STC 18851] __. [Anr. ed.] Newly corrected and enlarged (1605) [STC 18852] Staresmore, Sabine (fl. 1616-1647). Unlawfullnes of Reading in Prayer (1619) Secondary sources Brachlow, S., The Communion of Saints: Radical Puritan and Separatists Ecclesiology 1570-1625 (1988) __. "The Elizabethan Roots of Henry Jacob's Churchmanship", Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 36 (1985) Dodd, J. A., "The Eschatology of Praise-God Barebone", Transactions of the Congregational Historical Society, 4 (1909–10) Hartle, R., The New Churchyard: from Moorfields marsh to Bethlem burial ground, Brokers Row and Liverpool Street, London:Crossrail (2017) Hylson-Smith, K., The Churches in England from Elizabeth I to Elizabeth II, Vol. 1, 1558-1688 (1996) Nuttall, G. F., Visible Saints: The Congregational Way 1640-1660 (1957) Paul, R. S., "Henry Jacob and Seventeenth-Century Puritanism", Hartford Quarterly, 7 (1967) Tolmie, M., The Triumph of the Saints, The Separate Churches of London, 1616-1649 (1977) __. "The Jacob Church", in The Triumph of the Saints, The Separate Churches of London, 1616-1649 (1977) von Rohr, J., "The Congregationalism of Henry Jacob", Transactions of the Congregational Historical Society, 19 (1962) __. "Extra Ecclesiam Nulla Salus: An Early Congregational Version", Church History, 36 (1967) White, B. R., "How did William Kiffin join the Baptist?", Baptist Quarterly, 23 __. "Samuel Eaton (d. 1639), Particular Baptist Pioneer", Baptist Quarterly, 24 Whitley, W. T., "Debate of Infant Baptism, 1643", Transactions of the Baptist Historical Society, 1 (1908–09) __. "The Jacob-Jessey Church, 1616-1678", Transactions of the Baptist Historical Society, 1 (1908–09) __."Records of the Jacob-Lathrop-Jessey Church, 1616-1641", Transactions of the Baptist Historical Society 1, (1908–09) __. 'Rise of the Particular Baptists in London, 1633–1644, Transactions of the Baptist Historical Society 1, (1908–09) Notes External links English Dissenters: Jacobites 1603 births 1663 deaths English Dissenters

<mask> or Jacie (1603 in West Rowton, Yorkshire – 1663) was one of many English Dissenters. He was a founding member of the Puritan religious sect, the Jacobites. Jessey was considered a Hebrew and a rabbinical scholar. His active philosemitism has led him to be described as "among Israel's greatest seventeenth-century benefactors." Life <mask> attended the University of Cambridge from 1618–24; he was at St. John's College, Cambridge in 1622, B. A. (1623).He was ordained as an Anglican priest in 1627. He was vicar of Assington, or simply resident in the family of Brampton Gurdon and then visited New England. He was vicar of Aughton, East Riding of Yorkshire from 1633; but was deprived of his living in 1634. He was then supported by Sir Matthew Boynton, who found him places to preach. <mask> had formed a non-separatist independent faction of former Church of England members. They were Calvinist in theological practise. Contemporary scholars refer to them as: Independents, Brownist, semi-Separatist, or Puritans.John Lothropp picked up Jacob's London congregation after his death; Jessey took over, from 1637. The church faced hostility from the authorities, and migrated to Southwark where Jessey became a preacher at St George the Martyr church and then under Cromwell, it is claimed, rector. He travelled in November 1639 to set up with William Wroth, an Independent church at Llanfaches, Monmouthshire. He was imprisoned, with members of his congregation, in August 1641. He became a Baptist in 1645, under the influence of Hanserd Knollys. <mask> also observed the seventh-day Sabbath, although he was somewhat reluctant to promulgate his views on the subject. However, in 1647 he argued that the seventh-day was "[Christ's] Sabbath which he blessed and sanctified.It has been suggested that he may have authored the anonymous "Moralitie of the Fourth Commandment" (1652). In his posthumous work, Miscellanea Sacra, or Diverse Necessary Truths (1665) Jessey asserted that believing Christians "should have respect to all the Ten Commandments of the Law." <mask>'s biographer records that he kept the Sabbath in his own chamber, with only four or five more of the same mind after being convinced that the seventh day should be kept by Christians evangelically. Jessey's itinerary throughout western England contributed to the beginnings of several Sabbatarian groups. The church developed within the Particular Baptists: There have been some questions raised about the documentary evidence, the Stinton Repository attributed to Bernard Stinton. In 1650, Jessey wrote The Glory of Iehudah and Israel in which he extolled the nobility of the Jews and proposed the reconciliation of Christianity and Judaism. He then played a moderating role among the political millenarians in the two years before the Whitehall Conference.<mask> was buried in the New Churchyard, Bethlem, London, on the 8 September 1663. The Whitehall Conference He wrote an account of the 1655 conference at Whitehall, at which Manasseh ben Israel put a case to the Parliamentary government of Oliver Cromwell, to lift the restrictions on Jews living in England. He was in correspondence with Manasseh, was an enthusiastic student of Hebrew and Aramaic and philo-Semite. In lobbying for the rights of the Jews to official readmission to the country, and in high expectations from this, Jessey was an associate of John Dury and Nathaniel Holmes. In 1658 Jessey composed a work entitled An Information Concerning the Present State of the Jewish Nation in Europe and Judea. He both advocated the conversion of the Jews and treating them with kindness, and believed God's special concern for them. The pamphlet also expresses concern for the trials of the Jews in Palestine, specifically the suffering from the lack of donations following the Khmelnytsky Uprising which had led to a decrease in the Jewish population in Eastern Europe and a subsequent loss of donations.As well as raising money for the impoverished Jews of Palestine, Jessey was also well acquainted with two of the key figures disseminating information throughout Europe about the Jewish millenarian prophet Sabbatai Zevi. Bibliography Primary sources Ames, William 1576-1633. The relation of church and state [n.d.], in The Reformation of the Church, Murray, I. H. (ed.) [1965] __. De Conscientia et ejus vel casibus (1630) __. Conscience with the power and cases thereof.(Tr. out of Latine) (1639) [STC 552] Bilson, Thomas, 1546-7?-1616. The effect of certaine sermons, touching the full redemption of mankind (1599) [STC 3064] __. Perpetual government of Christes Church Bradshaw, William, 1571-1618. A treatise of divine worship, tending to prove that the ceremonies imposed vpon the ministers of the Gospell in England, in the present controversie, are in their vse vnlawfull (1604) [STC 3528] __. A Protestation of the King's Supremacie (1605) [STC 3525] Cosin, Richard, 1549?-1597. Answer to the two first and principall treatises of a certain faction libel, put foorth latelie, without name of author or printer, and without approbation by authoritie, ... Dickinson, Edmund, 1624-1707.Delphi phoenicizantes, sive Tractatus, in quo Graecos, quicquid apud Delphos celebre erat: ... (1655) [EEb, 1641–1700 ; 528:19] Downame, George, d. 1634. Defence of the sermon preached at the consecration of the L. Bishop of Bath and Welles [1613] Featley, Daniel. The Dippers Dipt (1645) Fenner, Dudley, 1558?-1587 A counter-poyson, modestly written for the time, to make aunswere to the obiections and reproaches, wherein the aunswere to the Abstract, would disgrace the holy discipline of Christ [1584] [EEb, 1475-1460; 224:8] [STC (2nd ed.) 10770] [ESTCS101936] Howard, Luke., A Looking-Glass for Baptists (1672) Jacob, <mask>, 1563-1624. __. A treatise of the sufferings and victory of Christ, in then work of our redemption declaring by the Scriptures these two questions, ... (1598) [EEb, 1475–1640; 936:16][STC 14340] [ESCTS107530] __. A Defence of the Chvrches and Ministry of Englande.Written in two treatises, against the reasons and objections of Maister Francis Iohnson. and others of the separation commonly called Brownists, ... (1599) [EEb, 1475–1640; 251:2][STC 14335] [ESTCS107526] __. A short treatise concerning the trvenes of a pastoral calling in pastors made by prelates ... (1599) __. A defence of a treatise touching the sufferings and victorie of Christ in the worke of our redemption. ... (1600) [EEb, 1475–1640; 936:15][STC (2nd ed. )14333] [ESTCS103093] __. [Another.ed.] (1600) [STC 14334] __. Reasons taken ovt of Gods Word and the best humane Testimonies proving a necessitie of reforming ovr churches in England ... (1603) [EEb, 1475–1640; 993:9][STC 14338] [ESTCS120955] __. [Another ed.] (1909) __. Principles and Foundations of the Christian Religion __. A Third Humble Supplication of many faithful subjects in England falsely called Puritans directed to the King's Majesty (1605) __.A Christian and Modest Offer of a Most Indifferent Conference or dispvtation, abovt the Maine and principall coutroversies betwixt the prelate, and the late silenced and deprived ministers in England (1606) [EEb, 1475–1640; 1145:3] [STC 14329] [ESTCS120767] __. .To the High and mightie Prince, Iames by the grace of God, King of great Britannie, France, and Irelande ... : An Humble Supplication for Toleration and Libertie to Enjoy and Observe the Ordinances of Christ Jesus in th' administration of His Churches in Lieu of Human Constitutions (1609) __. [Another ed.] (1975) __. An humble Supplication for Toleration (1609) __. Divine Beginnings and Institutions of Christ true Visible ... Church, (1610) __. [The divine beginning of Christs church] (1610) [EEb, 1475–1640; 993:7] [STC 14336] [ESTCS101363] __.A plaine and cleere Exposition of the Second Commandement (1610) [STC 14337] __. A declaration and plainer opening of certaine pointes in the divine beginning of Christes true Church (1611) [STC 14331] __. A declaration and plainer opening of certaine points, with a sound confirmation of some other, contained in a teatise intituled, The divine beginning and institution of Christes true visible and ministerial church (1612) [EEb, 1475–1640; 1145:4, 1549:4][STC 14332] [ESTCS102836] __. An Attestation of many Learned godly, and famous Divines, lightes of religion, and pillars of the Gospell, justifying this doctrine, ... (1613) [EEb, 1475–1640; 993:5] [STC 14328] [ESTCS117858] __. An Attestation of many divines that the Church-government ought to bee alwayes with the peoples free consent (1613) __. [Another ed.] (1975) __.Anno Domini 1616. A Confession and Protestation of the Faith of certaine Christians in England [1616] [EEb, 1475–1640; 993:6] [STC 14330] [ESCTS120216] __. Kneeling in the act of eating and drinking at the Lords table is a sinne. Proved by 8 arguments printed in the yeare. 1641. (1641) [Wing (2nd ed.) J96] [Thomason Tracts; 163:E.1102(5)][ESTCR208356] Jessey, <mask>, 1603–1663.The Scripture-almanacke, or a calculation according to the English account, and the Word of God. [1646][EEb, 1641–1700; 2380:2] [Wing (CD-ROM, 1996) A1833A] [ESTCR223971] __. [Another ed.] 1650. The scripture-kalendar, used by the prophets and apostles, and by our Lord Jesus Christ [1650] [EEb, 1641–1700; 2322:4] [Wing A1835A] [ECTSR229487] __. A Storehouse of Provision (1650) __. Miscellanea sacra, or, Diverse necessary truths, now as seasonably published, as they were plainly and compendiously proved by <mask>, late minister of the Gospel in London (1665) [EEb, 1641–1700; 1950:6] [Wing (2nd ed.)J695] [ESTCR216570] __. A Looking-glass for children being a narrative of God's gracious dealings with some little children, recollectedby <mask> in his lifetime [4th ed. ; 1673] [EEB, 1641–1700; 2292:24] [Wing P30A] [ESTCR42778] __. [Another ed.] (1709)[ESTCW38859] __. "Letters to <mask>", in Collections (Mass. Historical Society), 3rd ser., 1; 4th ser., 6 Johnson, Francis, 1562-1618.An answer to Maister H. Iacob his defence of the churches and ministry of England. By Francis Johnson an exile of Iesus Christ (1600) [EEb, 1475–1640; 994:11] [STC 14658] [ESTCS121679] Killcop, Thomas, A short Treatise of Baptisme (1642) Ormerod, Oliver, 1580?-1626. The Picture of a Puritane ; or a relation of the opinions a. practises of the Anabaptists in Germanie a. of the puritanes in England. Whereunto is annexed Puritano-papismus (1605) [STC 18851] __. [Anr. ed.] Newly corrected and enlarged (1605) [STC 18852] Staresmore, Sabine (fl.1616-1647). Unlawfullnes of Reading in Prayer (1619) Secondary sources Brachlow, S., The Communion of Saints: Radical Puritan and Separatists Ecclesiology 1570-1625 (1988) __. "The Elizabethan Roots of <mask>'s Churchmanship", Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 36 (1985) Dodd, J. A., "The Eschatology of Praise-God Barebone", Transactions of the Congregational Historical Society, 4 (1909–10) Hartle, R., The New Churchyard: from Moorfields marsh to Bethlem burial ground, Brokers Row and Liverpool Street, London:Crossrail (2017) Hylson-Smith, K., The Churches in England from Elizabeth I to Elizabeth II, Vol. 1, 1558-1688 (1996) Nuttall, G. F., Visible Saints: The Congregational Way 1640-1660 (1957) Paul, R. S., "<mask> and Seventeenth-Century Puritanism", Hartford Quarterly, 7 (1967) Tolmie, M., The Triumph of the Saints, The Separate Churches of London, 1616-1649 (1977) __. "The Jacob Church", in The Triumph of the Saints, The Separate Churches of London, 1616-1649 (1977) von Rohr, J., "The Congregationalism of <mask>", Transactions of the Congregational Historical Society, 19 (1962) __. "Extra Ecclesiam Nulla Salus: An Early Congregational Version", Church History, 36 (1967) White, B. R., "How did William Kiffin join the Baptist?", Baptist Quarterly, 23 __. "Samuel Eaton (d. 1639), Particular Baptist Pioneer", Baptist Quarterly, 24 Whitley, W. T., "Debate of Infant Baptism, 1643", Transactions of the Baptist Historical Society, 1 (1908–09) __. "The Jacob-Jessey Church, 1616-1678", Transactions of the Baptist Historical Society, 1 (1908–09) __. "Records of the Jacob-Lathrop-Jessey Church, 1616-1641", Transactions of the Baptist Historical Society 1, (1908–09) __. 'Rise of the Particular Baptists in London, 1633–1644, Transactions of the Baptist Historical Society 1, (1908–09) Notes External links English Dissenters: Jacobites 1603 births 1663 deaths English Dissenters

One of the English Dissenters was <mask>. He was a founding member of the Jacobites. <mask> was a rabbinical scholar. He has been described as one of Israel's greatest seventeenth-century benefactors. Life Jessey attended the University of Cambridge from 1618 to 24. A. The year was 1623.He became a priest in 1627. He lived in Assington and visited New England. He was the pastor of Aughton, East Riding of Yorkshire from 1633 to 1634. He was supported by Sir Matthew. The non-separatist independent group of former Church of England members was formed by <mask>. They were Calvinists. They are referred to as: Independents, Brownist, semi-Separatist, or Puritans.<mask> took over from John after Jacob's death. Jessey became a preacher at St George the Martyr church under Cromwell after the church faced hostility from the authorities. He traveled to set up an Independent church with William Wroth. In August 1641, he was imprisoned with members of his congregation. He became a Baptist in 1645 under the influence of Hanserd Knollys. The seventh-day Sabbath was also observed by <mask>. In 1647, he argued that the seventh-day was Christ's Sabbath.The anonymous "Moralitie of the Fourth Commandment" may have been written by him. <mask> wrote that Christians should respect all the Ten Commandments of the Law. According to <mask>'s biographer, he kept the Sabbath in his own chamber because he was convinced that the seventh day should be kept by Christians. The beginnings of several Sabbatarian groups can be traced back to <mask>'s itinerary throughout western England. Some questions have been raised about the documentary evidence attributed to Bernard Stinton. Jessey wrote The Glory of Iehudah and Israel in 1650 in which he proposed the reconciliation of Christianity and Judaism. He played a role in the two years before the conference.<mask> was buried in the New Churchyard on September 8, 1663. He wrote an account of the 1655 conference at Whitehall, where he put a case for the lifting of restrictions on Jews living in England. He was an enthusiastic student of Hebrew and Aramaic. In lobbying for the rights of the Jews to official readmission to the country, <mask> was an associate of John Dury and Nathaniel Holmes. An Information Concerning the Present State of the Jewish Nation in Europe and Judea was written in 1658 by Jessey. He believed in God's concern for the Jews and advocated the conversion of them. The pamphlet expresses concern for the trials of the Jews in Palestine, specifically the suffering from the lack of donations following the Khmelnytsky Uprising which led to a decrease in the Jewish population in Eastern Europe.As well as raising money for the Jews of Palestine, Jessey was familiar with two of the key figures who disseminated information about the prophet Sabbatai Zevi. Ames, William was the primary source. The relation of church and state is discussed in The Reformation of the Church. There is an ed. There was a time when it was not possible to say what year it was. De Conscientia et ejus are from 1630 Conscience with power and cases.It's also referred to as TR. Bilson, Thomas, is from Latine. The full redemption of mankind was touched by certaine sermons. The government of Christes Church Bradshaw was established in the 16th century. It is necessary to prove that the ceremonies imposed on the ministers of the Gospell in England are in the present controversie. Cosin, Richard, 1549?-1597 is the author of A Protestation of the King's Supremacie. Put foorth latelie, without name of author or printer, and without approbation by authoritie, if you want to answer the two first and principall treatises of a certain libel.Delphi phoenicizantes, sive Tractatus, in quo Graecos, quicquid apud Delphos celebre erat. The sermon was preached at the consecration of the L. Bishop of Bath. A counter-poyson, modestly written for the time, to make aunswere to the obiections and reproaches, would disgrace the holy. A Looking-Glass for Baptists was written by Howard. There are no comments at this time. In the work of our redemption, the Scriptures declared the sufferings and victory of Christ. There is a Defence of the Ministry of England.The reasons and objections of Maister Francis Iohnson were written in two treatises. The separation commonly called Brownists,... (1599) [EEb, 1475–1640; 251:2][STC 14335] Prelates made a pastoral calling in pastors. There is a defence of the sufferings of Christ in the work of our redemption. ... (1600) [EEb, 1475–1640; 936:15]. )14333 Another.ed. (1600) The reasons were taken from the Gods Word and the best humane Testimonies. Another ed. (1909) There are principles and foundations of the Christian religion. Many faithful subjects in England were wrongly called Puritans and directed to the King's Majesty.There was a Christian and Modest Offer of a Most Indifferent Conference or Dispvtation. The King of great Britannie, France, and Irelande, Iames, by the grace of God, to the High and mightie Prince. Another ed. There was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a There is a Supplication for Toleration. The church has a description of divine beginnings and institutions of Christ. The divine beginning of Christ's church took place in 1610).The exposition of the second commandement was plaine and cleere. There is a declaration and plainer opening of certain points in the beginning of the true Church. A declaration and plainer opening of certaine points, with a sound confirmation of some other, is contained in a teatise intituled. An Attestation of many Learned divines, lightes of religion, and pillars of the Gospell, justifying this doctrine. There is an Attestation of many divines that the Church-government should be with the people. Another ed. There was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was a time when there was aDomini was Anno Domini. A confession and protest of the faith of certain Christians in England. It is a sin to kneel in the act of eating and drinking. The arguments were printed in the yeare. 1641. TheWing (2nd ed.) was published in 1641. <mask>, <mask>, 1603–1663, was the author of Thomason Tracts.The calculation is based on the English account and the Word of God. 2380:2] [Wing (CD-ROM, 1996) A1833A] Another ed. 1650. The scriptures were used by the apostles and the prophets. A storehouse of provision. The Diverse necessary truths were clearly and compendiously proved by the late minister of the Gospel in London, <mask>.J695] The narrative of God's dealings with some little children was recollected by <mask> in his lifetime. 1673] [EEB, 1641–1700; 2292:24] [Wing P30A] Another ed. 1709) The "Letters to <mask>ie" are in the collections. 3rd ser., 1; 4th ser., 6 Johnson, Francis, 1562-1618.An answer to Maister H. Iacob's defence of the churches. The exile of Iesus Christ was done by Francis Johnson. The picture of a Puritane is related to the opinions of the puritanes in England. Whereunto is annexed by Puritano-papismus. Anr. ed. Staresmore, Sabine has been corrected and enlarged.1617-1377. The Communion of Saints: Radical Puritan and Separatists Ecclesiology is one of the secondary sources of Unlawfullnes of Reading in Prayer. Dodd wrote "The Elizabethan Roots of <mask>'s Churchmanship" in the Journal of Ecclesiastical History. The New Churchyard is from Moorfields marsh to Bethlem burial ground. The Triumph of the Saints was written by Paul, R. S., and Nuttall. "The Jacob Church" is in The Triumph of the Saints, The Separate Churches of London, 1616-1649. "How did William Kiffin join the Baptist?" was written by White.The Baptist Quarterly was published in 1993. The Baptist Quarterly, 24 Whitley, W. T., "Debate of Infant Baptism", Transactions of the Baptist Historical Society, 1 were published. The Jacob-Jessey Church was mentioned in the Transactions of the Baptist Historical Society. The Baptist Historical Society 1 contains the records of the Jacob-Lathrop-Jessey Church. The Baptist Historical Society 1 contains information on the Rise of the Particular Baptists in London.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20Wolfe

Gene Wolfe

Gene Rodman Wolfe (May 7, 1931 – April 14, 2019) was an American science fiction and fantasy writer. He was noted for his dense, allusive prose as well as the strong influence of his Catholic faith. He was a prolific short story writer and novelist, and won many literary awards. Wolfe has been called "the Melville of science fiction", and was honored as a Grand Master by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America. Wolfe is best known for his Book of the New Sun series (four volumes, 1980–1983), the first part of his "Solar Cycle". In 1998, Locus magazine ranked it the third-best fantasy novel published before 1990 based on a poll of subscribers that considered it and several other series as single entries. Personal life Wolfe was born in New York City, the son of Mary Olivia () and Emerson Leroy Wolfe. He had polio as a small child. He went to high school and college in Texas, attending Lamar High School in Houston. While attending Texas A&M University, he published his first speculative fiction in The Commentator, a student literary journal. Wolfe dropped out during his junior year and subsequently was drafted to fight in the Korean War. After returning to the United States, he earned a degree from the University of Houston and became an industrial engineer. He was a senior editor on the staff of the journal Plant Engineering for many years before retiring to write full-time, but his most famous professional engineering achievement is a contribution to the machine used to make Pringles potato chips. Wolfe lived in Barrington, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago, with his wife Rosemary, where they raised four children. Wolfe also has three granddaughters. The Wolfes moved to Peoria, Illinois in 2013. Wolfe underwent double bypass surgery on April 24, 2010. Wolfe also underwent cataract surgery on his right eye in early 2013. Wolfe's wife, Rosemary, died on December 14, 2013, after a series of illnesses, including Alzheimer's disease. Wolfe said, "There was a time when she did not remember my name or that we were married, but she still remembered that she loved me." Wolfe died at his Peoria home from cardiovascular disease on April 14, 2019, at the age of 87. Literary works Wolfe's first published book was the paperback original novel Operation Ares (Berkley Medallion, 1970). He first received critical attention for The Fifth Head of Cerberus (Scribner's, 1972), which examines "colonial mentality within an orthodox science fiction framework". It was published in German and French-language editions within the decade. His best-known and most highly regarded work is the multi-volume novel The Book of the New Sun. Set in a bleak, distant future influenced by Jack Vance's Dying Earth series, the story details the life of Severian, a journeyman torturer, exiled from his guild for showing compassion to one of the condemned. The novel is composed of the volumes The Shadow of the Torturer (1980), The Claw of the Conciliator (1981; winner of the Nebula Award for Best Novel), The Sword of the Lictor (1982), and The Citadel of the Autarch (1983). A coda, The Urth of the New Sun (1987), wraps up some loose ends but is generally considered a separate work. Several of Wolfe's essays about writing the Book of the New Sun series were published in The Castle of the Otter (1982; the title refers to a misprint of the fourth book's title in Locus magazine). In 1984, Wolfe retired from his engineering position and was then able to devote more time to his writing. In the 1990s, Wolfe published two more works in the same universe as The Book of the New Sun. The first, The Book of the Long Sun, consists of the novels Nightside the Long Sun (1993), Lake of the Long Sun (1994), Caldé of the Long Sun (1994), and Exodus From the Long Sun (1996). These books follow the priest of a small parish as he becomes wrapped up in political intrigue and revolution in his city-state. Wolfe then wrote a sequel, The Book of the Short Sun, composed of On Blue's Waters (1999), In Green's Jungles (2000), and Return to the Whorl (2001), dealing with colonists who have arrived on the sister planets Blue and Green. The four Sun works (The Book of the New Sun, The Urth of the New Sun, The Book of the Long Sun, and The Book of the Short Sun) are often referred to collectively as the "Solar Cycle". Wolfe also wrote many stand-alone books. His first novel, Operation Ares, was published by Berkley Books in 1970 and was unsuccessful. He subsequently wrote two novels held in particularly high esteem, Peace and The Fifth Head of Cerberus. The first is the seemingly-rambling narrative of Alden Dennis Weer, a man of many secrets who reviews his life under mysterious circumstances. The Fifth Head of Cerberus is either a collection of three novellas or a novel in three parts, dealing with colonialism, memory, and the nature of personal identity. The first story, which gives the book its name, was nominated for the Nebula Award for Best Novella. Style Wolfe's writing frequently relies on the first-person perspectives of unreliable narrators. He said: "Real people really are unreliable narrators all the time, even if they try to be reliable narrators." The causes for the unreliability of his characters vary. Some are naive, as in Pandora by Holly Hollander or The Knight; others are not particularly intelligent (There Are Doors); Severian, from The Book of the New Sun, is not always truthful; and Latro of the Soldier series suffers from recurrent amnesia. Wolfe wrote in a letter, "My definition of a great story has nothing to do with 'a varied and interesting background.' It is: One that can be read with pleasure by a cultivated reader and reread with increasing pleasure." In that spirit, Wolfe also left subtle hints and lacunae that may never be explicitly referred to in the text. For example, a backyard full of morning glories is an intentional foreshadowing of events in Free Live Free, but is apparent only to a reader with a horticultural background, and a story-within-the-story provides a clue to understanding Peace. Wolfe's language can also be a subject of confusion for the new reader. In the appendix to The Shadow of the Torturer, he says: In rendering this book—originally composed in a tongue that has not achieved existence—into English, I might easily have saved myself a great deal of labor by having recourse to invented terms; in no case have I done so. Thus in many instances I have been forced to replace yet undiscovered concepts by their closest twentieth-century equivalents. Such words as peltast, androgyn, and exultant are substitutions of this kind, and are intended to be suggestive rather than definitive. This character of the fictional "translator" of his novel provides a certain insight into Wolfe's writing: all of his terms—fuligin, carnifex, thaumaturge, and so on—are real words. Reception Although he was not a best-selling author, Wolfe is highly regarded by critics and fellow writers. He was often considered to be not only one of the greatest science fiction authors, but one of the best American writers regardless of genre. In 2003, award-winning science fiction author Michael Swanwick said: "Gene Wolfe is the greatest writer in the English language alive today. Let me repeat that: Gene Wolfe is the greatest writer in the English language alive today! I mean it. Shakespeare was a better stylist, Melville was more important to American letters, and Charles Dickens had a defter hand at creating characters. But among living writers, there is nobody who can even approach Gene Wolfe for brilliance of prose, clarity of thought, and depth in meaning." Among others, writers Neil Gaiman and Patrick O'Leary have credited Wolfe for inspiration. O'Leary has said: "Forget 'Speculative Fiction.' Gene Wolfe is the best writer alive. Period. And as Wolfe once said, 'All novels are fantasies. Some are more honest about it.' No comparison. Nobody – I mean nobody – comes close to what this artist does." O'Leary also wrote an extensive essay concerning the nature of Wolfe's artistry, entitled "If Ever A Wiz There Was", originally published in his collection Other Voices, Other Doors. Ursula K. Le Guin is frequently quoted on the jackets of Wolfe's books as having said "Wolfe is our Melville." Critic and science fiction writer Harlan Ellison, reviewing The Shadow of the Torturer, wrote: "Gene Wolfe is engaged in the holy chore of writing every other author under the table. He is no less than one of the finest, most original writers in the world today. His work is singular, hypnotizing, startlingly above comparison. The Shadow of the Torturer breaks new ground in American literature and, as the first novel of a tetralogy, casts a fierce light on what will certainly be a lodestone landmark, his most stunning work to date. It is often said, but never more surely than this time: This book is not to be missed at peril of one's intellectual enrichment." Wolfe's fans regard him with considerable dedication, and one Internet mailing list (URTH, begun in November 1996) dedicated to his works has amassed over ten years and thousands of pages of discussion and explication. Similarly, much analysis and exegesis has been published in fanzine and small-press form (e.g. Lexicon Urthus ). When asked the "Most overrated" and "Most underrated" authors, Thomas M. Disch identified Isaac Asimov and Gene Wolfe, respectively, writing: "...all too many have already gone into a decline after carrying home some trophies. The one exception is Gene Wolfe...Between 1980 and 1982 he published The Book of the New Sun, a tetralogy of couth, intelligence, and suavity that is also written in VistaVision with Dolby Sound. Imagine a Star Wars–style space opera penned by G. K. Chesterton in the throes of a religious conversion. Wolfe has continued in full diapason ever since, and a crossover success is long overdue." Early in his writing career, Wolfe exchanged correspondence with J. R. R. Tolkien. Awards Wolfe won the World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement in 1996, a judged award at the annual World Fantasy Convention. He was inducted by the Science Fiction Hall of Fame in 2007. The Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America named him its 29th SFWA Grand Master in December 2012; the annual Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award was presented to Wolfe during Nebula Awards weekend, May 16–19, 2013. He was Guest of Honor at the 1985 World Science Fiction Convention and he received the 1989 Edward E. Smith Memorial Award (or "Skylark") at the New England convention Boskone. In March 2012 he was presented with the first Chicago Literary Hall of Fame Fuller Award, for outstanding contribution to literature by a Chicago author. After his death, Wolfe was inducted into the Chicago Literary Hall of Fame in a ceremony on September 21, 2021. Wolfe was the first Fuller Award recipient to be inducted; and though he was part of the 2019 class, the ceremony to honor him did not occur until 2021. He also won many awards for individual works: Wolfe also amassed a long list of nominations in years when he did not win, including sixteen Nebula award nominations and eight Hugo Award nominations. Works This is a partial list of works by Wolfe, focusing on those which won awards. Novels The Book of the New Sun The Shadow of the Torturer (1980) BSFA Award & World Fantasy Award winner, 1981; Nebula Award and John W. Campbell Award nominee, 1981 The Claw of the Conciliator (1981) Nebula and Locus Fantasy winner, 1982; Hugo and World Fantasy Awards nominated, 1982 The Sword of the Lictor (1982) Locus Fantasy and BFS Winner, 1983; Nebula and BSFA Awards nominee, 1982 Hugo and World Fantasy Awards nominee, 1983 The Citadel of the Autarch (1983) John W. Campbell award winner, Nebula and BSFA nominee, 1984; Locus Fantasy nominee, 1983 Free Live Free (1984) BSFA nominee, 1985; Nebula nominee, 1986 The Urth of the New Sun (1987) Hugo, Nebula, and Locus SF Awards nominee, 1988 The Soldier series Soldier of the Mist (1986) Locus Fantasy winner, WFA nominee, 1987; Nebula nominee 1988 Soldier of Arete (1989) Locus Fantasy and WFA nominee, 1990 Soldier of Sidon (2006) World Fantasy Award winner, Locus Fantasy Award nominee, 2007 There Are Doors (1988) Locus Fantasy nominee, 1989 The Book of the Long Sun Nightside the Long Sun (1993) Nebula nominee, 1994 Lake of the Long Sun (1994) Caldé of the Long Sun (1994) Nebula nominee, 1996 Exodus From the Long Sun (1996) The Book of the Short Sun On Blue's Waters (1999) In Green's Jungles (2000) Locus SF nominee, 2001 Return to the Whorl (2001) Locus SF nominee, 2002 The Wizard Knight The Knight (2004) Nebula nominee, 2005 The Wizard (2004) Locus Fantasy and World Fantasy Award nominated, 2005 Pirate Freedom (2007) Locus Fantasy Award nominee, 2008 An Evil Guest (2008) The Sorcerer's House (2010) 2011 Locus Fantasy nominee Home Fires (2011) The Land Across (2013) A Borrowed Man (2015) Interlibrary Loan (2020) Story collections The Island of Doctor Death and Other Stories and Other Stories (1980) (The title story is "The Island of Doctor Death and Other Stories". Among others, the collection also includes "The Death of Dr. Island" and "The Doctor of Death Island". "The Death of Dr. Island" won the Nebula Award for Best Novella.) Gene Wolfe's Book of Days (1981) Storeys from the Old Hotel (1988) (winner of the World Fantasy Award for best collection) Endangered Species (1989) Castle of Days (1995) Strange Travelers (2001) Innocents Aboard (2005) Starwater Strains (2006) The Best of Gene Wolfe (2010) Books about Gene Wolfe Gene Wolfe (Starmont Reader's Guide, 29): Joan Gordon (Borgo Press, 1986, ; reprinted as a Special Publication of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Foundation, 2008, ), an annotated bibliography and criticism on Wolfe's science fiction and non-fiction writing The Wizard Knight Companion: A Lexicon for Gene Wolfe's The Knight and The Wizard: Michael Andre-Driussi (Sirius Fiction, 2009, ), a dictionary of words and names from Wolfe's Wizard Knight novels Lexicon Urthus: Michael Andre-Druissi (Sirius Fiction, 1994, ), a dictionary of the archaic words used by Wolfe in The Book of the New Sun The Long and the Short of It: More Essays on the Fiction of Gene Wolfe: Robert Borski (iUniverse, Inc., 2006, ) Solar Labyrinth: Exploring Gene Wolfe's "Book of the New Sun": Robert Borski (iUniverse, Inc., 2004, ) Attending Daedalus: Gene Wolfe, Artifice, and the Reader: Peter Wright (Liverpool University Press, 2003, ): Study of The Book of the New Sun and The Urth of the New Sun Shadows of the New Sun: Wolfe on Writing / Writers on Wolfe: Peter Wright (Liverpool University Press, 2007, ) Strokes: John Clute (Serconia Press, 1988, ) Gene Wolfe: An annotated bibliography and criticism on Wolfe's science fiction and non-fiction writing: Joan Gordon (Borgo Press, 2008, ) Gate of Horn, Book of Silk: A Guide to Gene Wolfe's The Book of the Long Sun and The Book of the Short Sun: Michael Andre-Driussi (Sirius Fiction, 2012, ) Shadows of the New Sun, an anthology of stories by other authors which are all explicitly based on Wolfe stories (TOR Books, 2013) Between Light and Shadow: An Exploration of the Fiction of Gene Wolfe, 1951-1986: Marc Aramini (Castalia House, 2015, ASIN B011YTDGY2), a comprehensive literary analysis of Wolfe's fiction from 1951 to 1986, volume 1 of 2. Film adaptations The Death of Doctor Island, 35 mm short, 2008. See also Explanatory notes References External links 1931 births 2019 deaths 20th-century American male writers 20th-century American novelists 20th-century American short story writers 21st-century American male writers 21st-century American novelists 21st-century American short story writers American fantasy writers American male novelists American male short story writers American Roman Catholics American science fiction writers Constructed language creators Converts to Roman Catholicism Lamar High School (Houston, Texas) alumni Nebula Award winners Novelists from New York (state) Novelists from Texas People with polio Postmodern writers Rhysling Award for Best Long Poem winners Roman Catholic writers Science Fiction Hall of Fame inductees SFWA Grand Masters Texas A&M University alumni University of Houston alumni Weird fiction writers World Fantasy Award-winning writers Writers from Houston Writers from New York City

<mask> (May 7, 1931 – April 14, 2019) was an American science fiction and fantasy writer. He was noted for his dense, allusive prose as well as the strong influence of his Catholic faith. He was a prolific short story writer and novelist, and won many literary awards. <mask> has been called "the Melville of science fiction", and was honored as a Grand Master by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America. <mask> is best known for his Book of the New Sun series (four volumes, 1980–1983), the first part of his "Solar Cycle". In 1998, Locus magazine ranked it the third-best fantasy novel published before 1990 based on a poll of subscribers that considered it and several other series as single entries. Personal life <mask> was born in New York City, the son of Mary Olivia () and <mask>.He had polio as a small child. He went to high school and college in Texas, attending Lamar High School in Houston. While attending Texas A&M University, he published his first speculative fiction in The Commentator, a student literary journal. <mask> dropped out during his junior year and subsequently was drafted to fight in the Korean War. After returning to the United States, he earned a degree from the University of Houston and became an industrial engineer. He was a senior editor on the staff of the journal Plant Engineering for many years before retiring to write full-time, but his most famous professional engineering achievement is a contribution to the machine used to make Pringles potato chips. <mask> lived in Barrington, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago, with his wife Rosemary, where they raised four children.<mask> also has three granddaughters. The <mask>s moved to Peoria, Illinois in 2013. <mask> underwent double bypass surgery on April 24, 2010. <mask> also underwent cataract surgery on his right eye in early 2013. <mask>'s wife, Rosemary, died on December 14, 2013, after a series of illnesses, including Alzheimer's disease. <mask> said, "There was a time when she did not remember my name or that we were married, but she still remembered that she loved me." <mask> died at his Peoria home from cardiovascular disease on April 14, 2019, at the age of 87.Literary works <mask>'s first published book was the paperback original novel Operation Ares (Berkley Medallion, 1970). He first received critical attention for The Fifth Head of Cerberus (Scribner's, 1972), which examines "colonial mentality within an orthodox science fiction framework". It was published in German and French-language editions within the decade. His best-known and most highly regarded work is the multi-volume novel The Book of the New Sun. Set in a bleak, distant future influenced by Jack Vance's Dying Earth series, the story details the life of Severian, a journeyman torturer, exiled from his guild for showing compassion to one of the condemned. The novel is composed of the volumes The Shadow of the Torturer (1980), The Claw of the Conciliator (1981; winner of the Nebula Award for Best Novel), The Sword of the Lictor (1982), and The Citadel of the Autarch (1983). A coda, The Urth of the New Sun (1987), wraps up some loose ends but is generally considered a separate work.Several of <mask>'s essays about writing the Book of the New Sun series were published in The Castle of the Otter (1982; the title refers to a misprint of the fourth book's title in Locus magazine). In 1984, <mask> retired from his engineering position and was then able to devote more time to his writing. In the 1990s, <mask> published two more works in the same universe as The Book of the New Sun. The first, The Book of the Long Sun, consists of the novels Nightside the Long Sun (1993), Lake of the Long Sun (1994), Caldé of the Long Sun (1994), and Exodus From the Long Sun (1996). These books follow the priest of a small parish as he becomes wrapped up in political intrigue and revolution in his city-state. <mask> then wrote a sequel, The Book of the Short Sun, composed of On Blue's Waters (1999), In Green's Jungles (2000), and Return to the Whorl (2001), dealing with colonists who have arrived on the sister planets Blue and Green. The four Sun works (The Book of the New Sun, The Urth of the New Sun, The Book of the Long Sun, and The Book of the Short Sun) are often referred to collectively as the "Solar Cycle".<mask> also wrote many stand-alone books. His first novel, Operation Ares, was published by Berkley Books in 1970 and was unsuccessful. He subsequently wrote two novels held in particularly high esteem, Peace and The Fifth Head of Cerberus. The first is the seemingly-rambling narrative of Alden Dennis Weer, a man of many secrets who reviews his life under mysterious circumstances. The Fifth Head of Cerberus is either a collection of three novellas or a novel in three parts, dealing with colonialism, memory, and the nature of personal identity. The first story, which gives the book its name, was nominated for the Nebula Award for Best Novella. Style <mask>'s writing frequently relies on the first-person perspectives of unreliable narrators.He said: "Real people really are unreliable narrators all the time, even if they try to be reliable narrators." The causes for the unreliability of his characters vary. Some are naive, as in Pandora by Holly Hollander or The Knight; others are not particularly intelligent (There Are Doors); Severian, from The Book of the New Sun, is not always truthful; and Latro of the Soldier series suffers from recurrent amnesia. <mask> wrote in a letter, "My definition of a great story has nothing to do with 'a varied and interesting background.' It is: One that can be read with pleasure by a cultivated reader and reread with increasing pleasure." In that spirit, <mask> also left subtle hints and lacunae that may never be explicitly referred to in the text. For example, a backyard full of morning glories is an intentional foreshadowing of events in Free Live Free, but is apparent only to a reader with a horticultural background, and a story-within-the-story provides a clue to understanding Peace.<mask>'s language can also be a subject of confusion for the new reader. In the appendix to The Shadow of the Torturer, he says: In rendering this book—originally composed in a tongue that has not achieved existence—into English, I might easily have saved myself a great deal of labor by having recourse to invented terms; in no case have I done so. Thus in many instances I have been forced to replace yet undiscovered concepts by their closest twentieth-century equivalents. Such words as peltast, androgyn, and exultant are substitutions of this kind, and are intended to be suggestive rather than definitive. This character of the fictional "translator" of his novel provides a certain insight into <mask>'s writing: all of his terms—fuligin, carnifex, thaumaturge, and so on—are real words. Reception Although he was not a best-selling author, <mask> is highly regarded by critics and fellow writers. He was often considered to be not only one of the greatest science fiction authors, but one of the best American writers regardless of genre.In 2003, award-winning science fiction author Michael Swanwick said: "<mask> is the greatest writer in the English language alive today. Let me repeat that: <mask> is the greatest writer in the English language alive today! I mean it. Shakespeare was a better stylist, Melville was more important to American letters, and Charles Dickens had a defter hand at creating characters. But among living writers, there is nobody who can even approach <mask> for brilliance of prose, clarity of thought, and depth in meaning." Among others, writers Neil Gaiman and Patrick O'Leary have credited <mask> for inspiration. O'Leary has said: "Forget 'Speculative Fiction.'<mask> is the best writer alive. Period. And as <mask> once said, 'All novels are fantasies. Some are more honest about it.' No comparison. Nobody – I mean nobody – comes close to what this artist does." O'Leary also wrote an extensive essay concerning the nature of <mask>'s artistry, entitled "If Ever A Wiz There Was", originally published in his collection Other Voices, Other Doors.Ursula K. Le Guin is frequently quoted on the jackets of <mask>'s books as having said "<mask> is our Melville." Critic and science fiction writer Harlan Ellison, reviewing The Shadow of the Torturer, wrote: "<mask> is engaged in the holy chore of writing every other author under the table. He is no less than one of the finest, most original writers in the world today. His work is singular, hypnotizing, startlingly above comparison. The Shadow of the Torturer breaks new ground in American literature and, as the first novel of a tetralogy, casts a fierce light on what will certainly be a lodestone landmark, his most stunning work to date. It is often said, but never more surely than this time: This book is not to be missed at peril of one's intellectual enrichment." <mask>'s fans regard him with considerable dedication, and one Internet mailing list (URTH, begun in November 1996) dedicated to his works has amassed over ten years and thousands of pages of discussion and explication.Similarly, much analysis and exegesis has been published in fanzine and small-press form (e.g. Lexicon Urthus ). When asked the "Most overrated" and "Most underrated" authors, Thomas M. Disch identified Isaac Asimov and <mask>, respectively, writing: "...all too many have already gone into a decline after carrying home some trophies. The one exception is <mask>...Between 1980 and 1982 he published The Book of the New Sun, a tetralogy of couth, intelligence, and suavity that is also written in VistaVision with Dolby Sound. Imagine a Star Wars–style space opera penned by G. K. Chesterton in the throes of a religious conversion. <mask> has continued in full diapason ever since, and a crossover success is long overdue." Early in his writing career, <mask> exchanged correspondence with J. R. R. Tolkien.Awards <mask> won the World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement in 1996, a judged award at the annual World Fantasy Convention. He was inducted by the Science Fiction Hall of Fame in 2007. The Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America named him its 29th SFWA Grand Master in December 2012; the annual Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award was presented to <mask> during Nebula Awards weekend, May 16–19, 2013. He was Guest of Honor at the 1985 World Science Fiction Convention and he received the 1989 Edward E. Smith Memorial Award (or "Skylark") at the New England convention Boskone. In March 2012 he was presented with the first Chicago Literary Hall of Fame Fuller Award, for outstanding contribution to literature by a Chicago author. After his death, <mask> was inducted into the Chicago Literary Hall of Fame in a ceremony on September 21, 2021. <mask> was the first Fuller Award recipient to be inducted; and though he was part of the 2019 class, the ceremony to honor him did not occur until 2021.He also won many awards for individual works: <mask> also amassed a long list of nominations in years when he did not win, including sixteen Nebula award nominations and eight Hugo Award nominations. Works This is a partial list of works by <mask>, focusing on those which won awards. Among others, the collection also includes "The Death of Dr. Island" and "The Doctor of Death Island". "The Death of Dr. Island" won the Nebula Award for Best Novella.) Film adaptations The Death of Doctor Island, 35 mm short, 2008. See also Explanatory notes References External links 1931 births 2019 deaths 20th-century American male writers 20th-century American novelists 20th-century American short story writers 21st-century American male writers 21st-century American novelists 21st-century American short story writers American fantasy writers American male novelists American male short story writers American Roman Catholics American science fiction writers Constructed language creators Converts to Roman Catholicism Lamar High School (Houston, Texas) alumni Nebula Award winners Novelists from New York (state) Novelists from Texas People with polio Postmodern writers Rhysling Award for Best Long Poem winners Roman Catholic writers Science Fiction Hall of Fame inductees SFWA Grand Masters Texas A&M University alumni University of Houston alumni Weird fiction writers World Fantasy Award-winning writers Writers from Houston Writers from New York City

<mask> was an American science fiction and fantasy writer. He was noted for his dense, allusive prose as well as the strong influence of his Catholic faith. He was a prolific short story writer. <mask> was honored as a Grand Master by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America. The first part of <mask>'s "Solar Cycle" is known as the Book of the New Sun series. In 1998, Locus magazine ranked it the third-best fantasy novel published before 1990 based on a poll of subscribers that considered it and several other series as single entries. <mask> was born in New York City and is a personal life life <mask> was born in New York City and is a personal life life <mask> was born in New York City and is a personal life life <mask> was born in New York City and is a personal life life <mask> was born in New YorkHe was a small child. He was a student at Lamar High School in Houston. He published his first speculative fiction in The Commentator when he was a student at Texas A&M University. <mask> was drafted to fight in the Korean War after dropping out of school. He earned a degree from the University of Houston after returning to the United States. He was a senior editor on the staff of the journal Plant Engineering for many years before retiring to write full-time, but his most famous professional engineering achievement is a contribution to the machine used to make Pringles potato chips. <mask> and his wife Rosemary lived in a suburb of Chicago where they raised four children.<mask> has three granddaughters. The <mask>s moved to Peoria. On April 24, 2010, <mask> had double bypass surgery. <mask> had surgery on his right eye. <mask> died of Alzheimer's disease on December 14, 2013. <mask> said that there was a time when she didn't remember his name or that he was married, but she still remembered that she loved him. <mask> died of cardiovascular disease at his Peoria home at the age of 87.The paperback original novel Operation Ares was <mask>'s first published book. He received critical attention for The Fifth Head of Cerberus, which looked at "colonial mentality within an orthodox science fiction framework". Within the decade, it was published in German and French editions. The Book of the New Sun is his most well-known work. The story deals with the life of a journeyman torturer who was exiled from his guild for showing compassion to one of the condemned. The Shadow of the Torturer, The Claw of the Conciliator, and The Sword of the Lictor are part of the novel. The Urth of the New Sun is a coda that wraps up some loose ends.<mask>'s essays about writing the Book of the New Sun series were published in 1982. After retiring from his engineering position in 1984, <mask> was able to devote more time to writing. <mask> published two more works in the same universe as The Book of the New Sun. Nightside the Long Sun is one of the novels in The Book of the Long Sun. The books follow the priest of a small parish as he becomes involved in political intrigue and revolution in his city-state. The Book of the Short Sun was composed of On Blue's Waters, In Green's Jungles, and Return to the Whorl, dealing with colonists who have arrived on the sister planets Blue and Green. The "Solar Cycle" refers to the four Sun works, The Book of the New Sun, The Urth of the New Sun, The Book of the Long Sun, and The Book of the Short Sun.<mask> wrote many stand-alone books. His first novel, Operation Ares, was published in 1970. Peace and The Fifth Head of Cerberus were both novels he wrote. Alden Dennis Weer is a man of many secrets who reviews his life under mysterious circumstances. The Fifth Head of Cerberus is a collection of three novellas or a novel in three parts, dealing with colonialism, memory, and the nature of personal identity. The first story of the book was nominated for an award. <mask>'s writing relies on unreliable narrators."Real people are unreliable narrators all the time, even if they try to be reliable narrators," he said. There are different causes for the unreliability of his characters. Some are naive, such as in The Knight by Holly Hollander or There Are Doors, others are not particularly intelligent, and Latro of the Soldier series suffers from recurrent amnesia. "My definition of a great story has nothing to do with a varied and interesting background," <mask> wrote. It is a book that can be read with pleasure and reread with increased pleasure. <mask> left subtle hints and lacunae that may never be referred to in the text. A backyard full of morning glories is an intentional foreshadowing of events in Free Live Free, but only to a reader with a gardening background, and a story-within-the-story provides a clue to understanding Peace.<mask>'s language can be confusing for a new reader. In the appendix to The Shadow of the Torturer, he says that if he had used invented terms, he would have saved himself a lot of labor. I have had to replace concepts that are still undiscovered by their equivalents from the 20th century. These words are replacements of this kind and are intended to be suggestive rather than definitive. All of <mask>'s terms are real words, and this character of the fictional "translator" of his novel provides a certain insight into <mask>'s writing. Although he was not a best-selling author, <mask> is highly regarded by critics and fellow writers. He was considered to be one of the best American writers regardless of genre.Michael Swanwick said in 2003 that <mask> was the greatest writer in the English language. <mask> is the greatest writer in the English language today. I mean it. Melville was more important to American letters than Shakespeare, and Charles Dickens was better at creating characters. There is no one who can approach <mask> for brilliance of prose, clarity of thought, and depth in meaning. <mask> has been credited with inspiration by other writers. "Forget'speculative fiction'," O'Leary said.<mask> is a great writer. Period. <mask> once said that all novels are fantasies. Some are more forthcoming about it. There was no comparison. Nobody comes close to what this artist does. The nature of <mask>'s artistry was the subject of an essay written by O'Leary."<mask> is our Melville" is often quoted on the jackets of <mask>'s books. "<mask> is engaged in the holy chore of writing every other author under the table," wrote critic and science fiction writer Harlan Ellison in his review of The Shadow of the Torturer. He is one of the best writers in the world today. His work is hypnotizing, startlingly above comparison. The first novel of a trilogy, The Shadow of the Torturer, breaks new ground in American literature and will be his most stunning work to date. This book is not to be missed at risk of one's intellectual enrichment. <mask>'s fans regard him with considerable dedication, and one Internet mailing list dedicated to his works has amassed over ten years and thousands of pages of discussion and explication.Much analysis and exegesis has been published in fanzines. The name of the book is Lexicon Urthus. According to Thomas M. Disch, the "most overrated" and "most under appreciated" authors are <mask> and Isaac Asimov. <mask>'s book The Book of the New Sun was published between 1980 and 1982 and is also written inVistaVision with Dolby Sound. Imagine a space opera written by G. K. Chesterton in the midst of a religious conversion. <mask> has continued in full diapason ever since. <mask> wrote to J. R. R. Tolkien early in his career.The World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement was won by <mask> in 1996. He was a member of the Science Fiction Hall of Fame. The Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America named him its 29th Grand Master in December 2012; the annual Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award was presented to <mask> in May. He received the Edward E. Smith Memorial Award at the New England convention in 1989. The first Chicago Literary Hall of Fame Fuller Award was presented to him in March of 2012 for his outstanding contribution to literature by a Chicago author. On September 21, 2021, <mask> was inducted into the Chicago Literary Hall of Fame. <mask> was the first recipient of the award to be induct, but the ceremony to honor him did not occur until 2021.<mask> had a long list of nominations when he did not win, including sixteen Nebula award nominations and eight Hugo Award nominations. There is a partial list of works by <mask>. The collection includes "The Death of Dr. Island" and "The Doctor of Death Island". "The Death of Dr. Island" won the Best Novella award. The Death of Doctor Island is a film. 20th-century American male writers 20th-century American novelists 20th-century American short story writers 21st-century American novelists

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas%20Bruce

Douglas Bruce

Douglas Edward Bruce (born August 26, 1949) is an American conservative activist, attorney, convicted felon, and former legislator who served as a member of the Colorado House of Representatives from 2008 to 2009. He is also known for being the author of Colorado's Taxpayer Bill of Rights (TABOR). A strict advocate for limited government, Bruce wrote and promoted TABOR, a spending limitation measure approved by Colorado voters in 1992. His name is so associated with the measure that attempts to bypass its restrictions are known as "de-Brucing." After two unsuccessful campaigns for the Colorado State Senate in 1996 and 2000, Bruce was elected to the El Paso County Commission in 2004. Bruce was appointed to a vacant seat in the Colorado House of Representatives in December 2007 and represented House District 15, which includes eastern Colorado Springs. After kicking a Rocky Mountain News photographer on the day he was sworn in, Bruce became the first legislator in Colorado history to be formally censured. He was later removed from a House committee overseeing veterans affairs after refusing to sponsor a ceremonial resolution honoring veterans. Although defeated for election to a full term in the August 2008 Republican Party primary, Bruce continued his activism to reduce government expenditures and taxes in Colorado Springs and statewide. In 2010 Bruce was indicted for money laundering, attempted bribery of a public official, and tax fraud involving the use of a charitable organization and anti-tax activism. In 2011, Bruce was convicted of all counts in the indictment, including four counts of felony criminal activity including money laundering, attempted improper influence of a public official, and tax fraud. He was discovered to be using a small-government charity he founded to hide millions of dollars from the state department of revenue. He was sentenced on February 13, 2012 to a total of 180 days in jail, ordered to pay a total of $49,000 in fines, and subject to six months of probation which included extensive disclosure requirements. Early life and education Born in Los Angeles, California, Bruce graduated from Hollywood High School at the age of 16 and then from Pomona College with a double major in history and government. He earned a Juris Doctor from the USC Gould School of Law in 1973 and worked as a Los Angeles County deputy district attorney from 1973 to 1979, resigning amid frustration with the court system. Career In 1980, Bruce ran a largely self-financed campaign for the California State Assembly, running in the Democratic Primary for the 38th Assembly district, which, at that time, centered on Pacific Palisades and Malibu. Running with the campaign slogan "Specifics, Not Safe Generalities," Bruce ran what a local newspaper described as "something of an anomaly, a law and order primary campaign by a Democrat." Bruce lost by five percentage points in a high-turnout primary. His opponent, Steven Afriat, narrowly lost the general election to Republican Marion W. La Follette. Move to Colorado and rental properties During the late 1970s, Bruce acquired a number of rental properties in the Los Angeles area, which he managed full-time after leaving the district attorney's office. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Bruce was embroiled in several protracted tax disputes with the Internal Revenue Service. In 1986, Bruce acquired several properties in Colorado Springs and moved to Colorado permanently. Shortly before moving to Colorado, Bruce changed his political party affiliation from Democrat to Republican. In addition to his Colorado Springs properties, Bruce acquired rental properties in Denver and Pueblo, Colorado. He has been cited repeatedly by law and code enforcement officials regarding the upkeep of his properties, although most of the dozens of citations brought against him have been overturned. In connection with charge of operating an unsafe building, Bruce spent eight days in jail in 1995 on a contempt of court citation. In response to the numerous complaints filed against him, Bruce has questioned the constitutionality of city code provisions, and accused city officials of selective prosecution and carrying out a "vendetta" against him personally. In 2003, Bruce announced that he intended to sell his rental properties in order to devote more time to political activism, but was cited by Colorado Springs for keeping dilapidated properties as recently as 2007. In 2008, Bruce was cited by Colorado Springs for two properties they considered "dilapidated," in part because of windows boarded up under orders from the city, but the charges were ultimately dropped when Bruce sold the buildings. Shortly before his August 2008 legislative primary, Colorado Springs declared a four-plex owned by Bruce as "dilapidated;" Bruce responded that he had put money into repairing the building and readying it for sale. In early 2010, Colorado Springs told Bruce that it would charge him $40,000 to restart water service at seven of his rental properties, a charge that Bruce said amounted to political retaliation, but that city staff justified by noting all of the properties had been abandoned. Taxpayer's Bill of Rights Although similar tax-limitation measures had been rejected by voters over the previous decades, in 1988, Bruce authored and led the campaign that was eventually successful in enacting TABOR, a "Taxpayer Bill of Rights," in Colorado. Among other provisions, TABOR mandated voter approval of any tax increases and constrained state government spending to grow at a rate no greater than the rates of population growth and inflation. Although TABOR did not pass in 1988, garnering only 42% of the vote in a statewide reference, Bruce revised the measure and it was placed on the ballot again in 1990, when it received 49% support. A third attempt in 1992 was successful, and TABOR was passed with 54% of the vote and became part of Colorado's constitution. In 1997, TABOR's restrictions on state spending were triggered for the first time, resulting in refunds to taxpayers. During these campaigns, Bruce was the primary spokesperson for TABOR, often trading barbs with TABOR opponent and Colorado governor Roy Romer. In one frequently-cited incident, Romer likened the TABOR proposal to "economic terrorism;" in response, Bruce printed personal business cards reading "Douglas Bruce: Terrorist." The passage of TABOR was Bruce's most prominent political accomplishment; years later, Bruce's personalized license plate read "MRTABOR." Bruce also wrote and successfully passed a similar spending limitation measure in Colorado Springs in 1991. The statewide and local effects of TABOR on government finances led Colorado College political science professor Bob Loevy, in 2009, to call Bruce "the most influential Colorado politician of his time." Since the passage of TABOR in 1992, hundreds of local jurisdictions in Colorado have sought voter approval to temporarily or permanently exceed the spending limitations of TABOR, measures which became known as "de-Brucing," in reference to TABOR's author. By 2007, over half of Colorado's school district and counties had "de-Bruced," as had many municipalities. TABOR's budget restrictions were frequently cited by officials in Bruce's native El Paso County as resulting in deficiencies in health, law enforcement, and administrative services, and on the state level, creating financial difficulties for higher education. In 2005, after several years of tight budgets brought about by recession, the spending limitations of TABOR, and other budgetary obligations, the Colorado General Assembly referred Referendum C, a statewide "de-Brucing" measure, to Colorado voters. Bruce was a vocal opponent of Referendum C, facing off against supporters including Gov. Bill Owens, who had supported the original passage of TABOR. Referendum C, which was ultimately passed by voters, authorized a five-year "time-out" from some of TABOR's spending restrictions. Although Bruce threatened a lawsuit against the state of Colorado if the referendum passed, the measure was ultimately enacted into law, raising state revenue by several billion dollars. In 2008, following his term in the state legislature, Bruce argued against a measure to reverse some of the spending restrictions of the Taxpayer's Bill of Rights. The initiative, known as the Savings Account for Education, would divert refunds given to taxpayers under TABOR to a special fund for K-12 education. Bruce opposed the measure in legislative hearings and then filed a legal challenge once House Speaker Andrew Romanoff, its primary proponent, sought to place the measure on the Colorado ballot as a citizen initiative. The measure was ultimately placed on the November 2008 statewide ballot as Amendment 59, and Bruce launched a website opposing it. State senate campaigns Bruce's first attempt to seek elected office in Colorado came in 1996, when Bruce challenged incumbent Republican state senator Ray Powers in the Republican Party primary. Bruce lost to Powers, who went on to become the Colorado State Senate President. Because of the negativity of Bruce's campaign against Powers, Bruce was the only person banned from Powers' ranch, a frequent site for Colorado Springs Republican fundraisers. Bruce also ran unsuccessfully for the Colorado State Senate in 2000, losing a hotly contested Republican party primary to Ron May in the solidly Republican district. Running with the slogan "Ron May, but Bruce will," Bruce faced institutional opposition from statewide Republican leaders, including Governor Bill Owens, who had once supported Bruce's TABOR initiatives. May ultimately won by only 112 votes. El Paso County commissioner 2004 election Bruce sought election to the El Paso County, Colorado, county commission in 2004, winning the Republican Party nomination by defeating Colorado Springs councilwoman Maraget Radford in the party primary. In the general election, Bruce defeated Democrat Stanley Hildahl and two Republicans who ran as write-in candidates with the backing of some party leaders. Bruce won the general election with 58% of the vote. Bruce self-funded his campaign, refusing to accept outside donations. Policy positions While serving on the El Paso County Commission, Bruce was frequently the only opposition to measures supported by the other four county commissioners. He cast the only vote against implementing mail ballot elections, against county interference in the proposed incorporation of Falcon, Colorado (although he also opposed the incorporation), against a package of road improvement projects recommended by the Colorado Department of Transportation, against the appointment of County Administrator Jeff Greene, against stricter building codes for mobile homes, and against awarding a county grant to an anti-poverty agency, calling it handouts for "deadbeats." He was unsuccessful in attempting to reduce the number of paid holidays taken by county employees, but was instrumental in lowering property tax rates and in negotiating the expansion of a gravel pit operation. He also spoke in favor of turning over management of the county fair to a volunteer organization and called for the number of volunteer boards and commissions to be reduced. Bruce was also outspoken in support of deportation for illegal immigrants, and went against his normal practice of refusing to support ceremonial resolutions to support a resolution in favor of the creation of an Immigration and Customs Enforcement office in El Paso County. Conflicts with county staff and commissioners When Bruce joined the commission, he sought to have his salary of over $60,000 per year directed to charity, per a campaign promise. Designating Active Citizens Together, an educational non-profit he helped found, as the recipient, Bruce sought to have the county not withhold income tax from his checks, as the money would go directly to charity and he would receive no direct personal benefit. After ten months of disputing arrangements with county staff, Bruce agreed to accept checks with taxes and deductions withheld. In 2007, Bruce attempted to use the non-profit group to donate copies of the U.S. Constitution for local school districts to distribute to graduating seniors; several districts refused his donation on logistical grounds or policies forbidding distribution of external material. The nonprofit group has purchased tens of thousands of copies of the constitution, with the goal of giving one to every graduating high school senior in Colorado. He also refused to accept a VIP pass from the Colorado Springs Airport, characterizing it as a "bribe;" he also objected to the introduction of public prayer during county commission meetings. Bruce also objected to the inclusion of his name (alongside other county commissioners) on a plaque marking county support of a new courthouse expansion, threatening to physically remove his name from the plaque; his opposition to financing methods for the courthouse had been a driving factor behind his 2004 county commission campaign. Bruce's debating and speaking style during county commission meetings led to occasional conflicts with county staff and other commissioners. During his first year, an escalating series of disputes with Commissioner Sallie Clark led to her ruling, at a meeting which she chaired, that Bruce was not allowed to discuss Colorado Springs city politics. In 2006, Bruce was also accused of intervening in a county bidding process for a copying contract in favor of a campaign supporter. In 2006, El Paso County Attorney Bill Louis denounced Bruce as a "narcissist, sociopath and crackpot enabler" for supporting Colorado's Amendment 38, a referendum designed to ease rules for petitioning measures onto election ballots. Bruce and Louis verbally tangled after Louis called Bruce's tactics "guerrilla" and Louis announced: "I plan to do everything in my limited power to make sure that [Bruce's tenure in elected office] comes to an end at some point for the good not only of this community but for all of Colorado and the nation." Tensions also rose during Bruce's final weeks on the county commission, as he sought a vacancy committee's appointment to the state legislature. Bruce criticized county staff for being unresponsive to his inquiries, and Sheriff Terry Maketa responded by accusing Bruce of harming the morale of county staff, and told Bruce that he supported his bid for the legislature in order "to put you in an environment that will match your ineffectiveness," a statement applauded by other county staff. During his final commission meetings, Bruce was also repeatedly cut off by other commissioners during his comments; other members of the commission described his behavior as an increase in "grandstanding" prior to the vacancy committee's meeting. Activism in Colorado Springs In June 2000, Bruce was called to appear as a potential juror for a sexual assault trial in Colorado Springs. During the jury selection process, Bruce distributed leaflets written by the Fully Informed Jury Association in support of jury nullification. After defense attorneys objected to Bruce's actions, the presiding judge dismissed Bruce and 50 other potential jurors who had received the fliers, resulting in a two-week delay for the trial. Bruce authored two measures, Issues 200 and 201, which appeared on the November 2006 Colorado Springs election ballot, and would have reduced the city's sales tax rate, eliminated its property tax, and restricted the city's ability to borrow money. The legality of the measures was challenged by city officials; the dispute rose to the Colorado Court of Appeals, which ruled in favor of the measures' placement on the ballot. Bruce also unsuccessfully contested both the editing of statements of support for the measures in ballot summaries mailed to voters, and what he claimed was deceptive wording in other taxation measures that election. Bruce was also the subject of several criminal citations — first in May 2006, stemming from charges that he campaigned against a tax increase for the Falcon Fire Protection District at a polling place closer than the legal limit, and then in August 2009, when he and another man were charged with trespassing after being asked by police to stop soliciting signatures outside a Costco for the second time in a year. Bruce alleged that the City of Colorado Springs attempted to "bully" him and violate his First Amendment rights, a charge city officials denied. A trial was eventually held after paperwork errors, a tainted jury pool, and claims by Bruce of selective prosecution; after a three-day trial, both were acquitted. Bruce later filed an unsuccessful complaint alleging professional misconduct by the case's prosecutor and judge. Colorado House of Representatives Appointment, swearing-in, and censure In October 2007, Bruce was chosen over two other Republican contenders for the state house seat vacated by Rep. Bill Cadman, following a short but contentious battle for the appointment. Bruce received two-thirds of the votes from the 66-member vacancy committee. Although eligible to be sworn in immediately after his appointment was certified, Bruce postponed the oath of office in order to be eligible to serve a full four terms beyond the partial term under Colorado's term limits rules, an action which was criticized by both Republican and Democratic lawmakers. His delay led to the enactment of legislation requiring legislators to be sworn in within 14 days of their selection. Bruce cast the only dissenting vote on the measure. Bruce also demanded to be sworn in in front of the full house, a request denied by both Republican and Democratic leadership. He acquiesced to an individual swearing-in ceremony on January 14 after House Republicans voted 22-1 to call for a representative to be named for District 15 if Bruce did not take the oath of office by the end of the day. On the morning before he was sworn in, Bruce kicked a Rocky Mountain News photographer who took Bruce's picture during the prayer; Bruce accused the photographer of "violating the order and decorum" of the house, and refused to apologize, describing his action instead as a "nudge or a tap." A six-member legislative panel recommended 6-0 that Bruce be censured by the House for his actions. On January 24, the full House of Representatives voted 62-1 to censure Bruce. He became the first representative in the recorded history of the state house to be formally censured. Legislative agenda For the 2008 session of the Colorado General Assembly, Bruce was named to seats on the House Finance Committee and the House State, Veterans, and Military Affairs Committee. Before the session began, Bruce denounced much of the House Republican caucus' legislative agenda as "streamlining socialism." Bruce was similarly critical of the proposed state budget debated during the 2008 legislative session; however, his budget amendment proposals were unsuccessful. All of the legislation introduced by Bruce died in House committees, including proposals to distribute copies and require instruction on the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution to high school seniors, to prohibit counties from assessing any charges other than property taxes on property tax bills, to raise legislative pay and index pay to inflation, and to create a bipartisan panel to draw up Colorado's congressional and legislative districts. Bruce routinely objected to the practice of attaching a "safety clause" to bills, the inclusion of which declares the bill as "necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety," enacting it into law sooner and prohibiting challenges to the legislation via the petition process. He offered amendments to a number of bills to remove the safety clause, which often failed on account of legislators' personal hostility towards him; however, in 2008, 41% of bills passed had no safety clause, up from 25% the previous year. Bruce also opposed proposals to raise signature requirements for citizen-initiated constitutional amendments, and opposed a bill to impose new requirements on landlords, despite criticism that voting on the measure constituted a conflict of interest. Removal from committee Consistent with Bruce's practice as a county commissioner, Bruce opposed ceremonial resolutions in the legislature, and on February 13, was the lone legislator who refused to sign on as a cosponsor to a resolution recognizing Military and Veterans Appreciation Day. Other Republican legislators denounced Bruce in a public letter for "callous indifference" towards veterans, and Republican Minority Leader Mike May removed Bruce from the House State, Veterans and Military Affairs Committee. Bruce offered as evidence of his support for veterans his successful amendment to a house bill to include interest in a state repayment to the Colorado Veterans Trust Fund, a move which resulted in an additional $636,000 repaid to the fund. Bruce would later cite this as one of his major accomplishments during the 2008 session. "Illiterate peasants" comments On April 21, 2008, Bruce voiced opposition during house debate on a bill sponsored by Rep. Marsha Looper (R) to create a guest worker program to facilitate temporary employment visas for agricultural workers from Mexico. After speaking against illegal immigration and being advised to restrict comments to the bill by debate chair Rep. Kathleen Curry, Bruce took the floor a second time and commented: Bruce was immediately gavelled to order by Rep. Kathleen Curry, who ruled that he would no longer be recognized during debate on the bill. Bruce's comments were denounced by legislators on both sides of the aisle, as well the Mexican consulate in Denver. Bruce proudly defended his remarks as being factually accurate, citing dictionary definitions of "illiterate" and "peasant." Legislators responded to Bruce's propensity for generating controversy by declaring that they would "start ignoring him." The following weekend, Bruce's comments were the target of a local protest in Colorado Springs. 2008 election Bruce announced in November 2007 that he would stand in the 2008 general election for the House District 15 seat. He faced a challenge for the Republican nomination from attorney and Iraq War veteran Mark Waller. Bruce funded his own campaign with over $30,000 of personal funds, refusing to accept private campaign donations; Waller, however, received endorsements or contributions from at least five sitting state representatives, and Colorado Attorney General John Suthers. Waller received 57% of the vote at the Republican assembly in March, claiming the top line on the August Republican primary ballot; he did not differ publicly with Bruce on political positions, but argued that Bruce's temperament caused him to be an ineffective legislator. Both Bruce and Waller accused each other of inappropriate conduct while campaigning; Bruce was accused of inappropriately distributing campaign flyers to Republican representatives on the House floor, of mailing flyers promoting his charity shortly before the primary, and of inappropriately listing endorsements on his web site. In turn, Bruce filed several campaign finance complaints against Waller, one of which resulted in Waller's campaign being fined for failing to properly disclose a campaign contribution. Ultimately, Bruce was defeated for the Republican nomination in the August 12 party primary, taking 48 percent of the vote to Waller's 52 percent. Later career Colorado Springs In 2007, Bruce began a series of challenges to the City of Colorado Springs' creation of a Stormwater Enterprise Fee, which he contended amounted to an illegal tax collected by a government entity. After his first attempt at a ballot measure to end the fee was held to violate Colorado's single subject rule, Bruce gained permission for a second petition following a year-long battle over wording, and placed the measure on the November 2008 ballot following struggles to collect the necessary number of signatures but were rejected by voters. Bruce was again successful at placing a measure targeting the Stormwater Enterprise on the ballot in 2009, despite challenges from the city that signatures were not submitted in time, but not after Bruce lost disputes over the wording of the ballot measures. Bruce's Issue 300 was passed by voters with about 55 percent of the vote, and mandated that enterprise payments to Colorado Springs be phased out over eight years. Bruce and city officials disputed, even before the election, as to whether his measure would apply to the city's Stormwater Enterprise Fee; and after threatening to launch a ballot initiative to cut property taxes after an initial 5-4 vote by the city council over two years, the city council then voted 5-4 to phase out the authority immediately. Bruce, however, objected to the city council's proposed implementation of the initiative, which would allow the city to collect payments from the authority in exchange for services rendered. Bruce claimed that this would "undo the plain meaning of issue 300," and made similar claims regarding a local government restructuring proposal made by Colorado Springs mayor Lionel Rivera. In March 2010, Bruce filed suit against the city of Colorado Springs and its city council, charging that they had illegally hired outside legal counsel. He also accused the council members of receiving benefits greater than that authorized by law. In June 2010, Bruce filed a ballot measure to dramatically expand the powers of the city's mayor, including eliminating the positions of city manager, chief financial officer, and communications staff, as well as giving the mayor power to veto ordinances, lower taxes, and excuse city code violations. Statewide ballot measures Although Bruce attempted to distance himself from three statewide ballot measures aimed at limiting Colorado governments' power to raise and borrow money, several petitioners for the measures were linked to Bruce through records showing that they temporarily resided at one of his Colorado Springs apartment buildings, and through their past work on TABOR initiatives in other states and petitioning for Bruce's Issue 300 in Colorado Springs. The three measures — Amendment 60, Amendment 61 and Proposition 101 — would impose restrictions or tax cuts, eliminate governments' ability to borrow money without voter approval, cut the state income tax from 4.63 to 3.5 percent, and eliminate vehicle ownership taxes. Opponents of the ballot measures filed a complaint alleging the backers violated Colorado campaign finance laws by failing to disclose contributions and expenditures. Bruce was subpoenaed to testify in a hearing related to the case in March, but contested the summons unsuccessfully. During the month of May 2010, the state attempted 29 times to serve a notice of a court order testify to Bruce at his Colorado Springs residence; Bruce stated that he was out of town at the time, although both notices and delivered newspapers were removed during that period. At a hearing in late May, one of the ballot measures' sponsors, Michelle Northrup, testified that she had met with Bruce before the measures were filed and that he provided advice on submitting the initiates and other legal matters. In early June, an administrative law judge ruled that the evidence showed Bruce was behind the three measures and imposed fines on their proponents, and state attorney general John Suthers' office stated that they would seek a contempt citation against Bruce in district court. Crime, trial, conviction and sentence In 2010, Bruce was charged with money laundering, attempted bribery of a public official, and tax fraud, after he was discovered to be using a small-government charity he founded to hide millions of dollars from the Colorado Department of Revenue, pocketing interest and using the revenue to fund his political activism. The case went to trial during which Bruce acted as his own attorney. During the trial, Bruce showed up late to proceedings and introduced evidence by throwing documents onto the floor. After eight days of trial, on December 22, 2011, jurors convicted Bruce on four counts. On February 13, 2012, he was sentenced to two consecutive 90-day jail terms and six months of probation, during which he would have to make extensive financial disclosures to the court aimed to ensure he did not become a repeat offender. Bruce was also ordered to pay around $21,000 to cover the cost of prosecution, and about $29,000 to cover the taxes that were owed. Bruce defiantly denounced the trial, saying, "This was the dirtiest trial I have seen in 38 years, regardless of the outcome." Bruce began serving his sentence February 17, 2012. He spent 104 days in jail, and was paroled under 20 terms and conditions. After a year, the probation department of the Denver District Court brought two complaints against Bruce, claiming that he failed to submit financial disclosures and tax filings, did not disclose a financial deal with Colorado Springs Councilwoman Helen Collins, and did not report code violations and court cases related to six personal properties in Ohio, Wisconsin and Illinois, nor nearly $22,000 in delinquent taxes on three Ohio properties. On March 11, 2016, Bruce was found in violation of his probation and sentenced to two years. He served his sentence in several locations, including the Colorado Territorial Correctional Facility in Cañon City, Colorado and Delta, Colorado. On July 28, 2016, Bruce appeared before the Colorado State Board of Parole, where he was granted parole on his eligibility date of September 3, 2016. Bruce was quoted as saying "I accept responsibility for all my actions. I deeply regret them. It will never happen again." References External links Douglas Bruce - personal web site El Paso County Commission web site 1949 births Living people Members of the Colorado House of Representatives County commissioners in Colorado Colorado Republicans Pomona College alumni USC Gould School of Law alumni Politicians from Colorado Springs, Colorado American real estate businesspeople American anti–illegal immigration activists American politicians convicted of fraud American people convicted of tax crimes People convicted of money laundering Prisoners and detainees of Colorado Colorado politicians convicted of crimes 20th-century American lawyers 20th-century American politicians 21st-century American politicians

<mask> (born August 26, 1949) is an American conservative activist, attorney, convicted felon, and former legislator who served as a member of the Colorado House of Representatives from 2008 to 2009. He is also known for being the author of Colorado's Taxpayer Bill of Rights (TABOR). A strict advocate for limited government, <mask> wrote and promoted TABOR, a spending limitation measure approved by Colorado voters in 1992. His name is so associated with the measure that attempts to bypass its restrictions are known as "de-Brucing." After two unsuccessful campaigns for the Colorado State Senate in 1996 and 2000, <mask> was elected to the El Paso County Commission in 2004. <mask> was appointed to a vacant seat in the Colorado House of Representatives in December 2007 and represented House District 15, which includes eastern Colorado Springs. After kicking a Rocky Mountain News photographer on the day he was sworn in, <mask> became the first legislator in Colorado history to be formally censured.He was later removed from a House committee overseeing veterans affairs after refusing to sponsor a ceremonial resolution honoring veterans. Although defeated for election to a full term in the August 2008 Republican Party primary, <mask> continued his activism to reduce government expenditures and taxes in Colorado Springs and statewide. In 2010 <mask> was indicted for money laundering, attempted bribery of a public official, and tax fraud involving the use of a charitable organization and anti-tax activism. In 2011, <mask> was convicted of all counts in the indictment, including four counts of felony criminal activity including money laundering, attempted improper influence of a public official, and tax fraud. He was discovered to be using a small-government charity he founded to hide millions of dollars from the state department of revenue. He was sentenced on February 13, 2012 to a total of 180 days in jail, ordered to pay a total of $49,000 in fines, and subject to six months of probation which included extensive disclosure requirements. Early life and education Born in Los Angeles, California, <mask> graduated from Hollywood High School at the age of 16 and then from Pomona College with a double major in history and government.He earned a Juris Doctor from the USC Gould School of Law in 1973 and worked as a Los Angeles County deputy district attorney from 1973 to 1979, resigning amid frustration with the court system. Career In 1980, <mask> ran a largely self-financed campaign for the California State Assembly, running in the Democratic Primary for the 38th Assembly district, which, at that time, centered on Pacific Palisades and Malibu. Running with the campaign slogan "Specifics, Not Safe Generalities," <mask> ran what a local newspaper described as "something of an anomaly, a law and order primary campaign by a Democrat." <mask> lost by five percentage points in a high-turnout primary. His opponent, Steven Afriat, narrowly lost the general election to Republican Marion W. La Follette. Move to Colorado and rental properties During the late 1970s, <mask> acquired a number of rental properties in the Los Angeles area, which he managed full-time after leaving the district attorney's office. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, <mask> was embroiled in several protracted tax disputes with the Internal Revenue Service.In 1986, <mask> acquired several properties in Colorado Springs and moved to Colorado permanently. Shortly before moving to Colorado, <mask> changed his political party affiliation from Democrat to Republican. In addition to his Colorado Springs properties, <mask> acquired rental properties in Denver and Pueblo, Colorado. He has been cited repeatedly by law and code enforcement officials regarding the upkeep of his properties, although most of the dozens of citations brought against him have been overturned. In connection with charge of operating an unsafe building, <mask> spent eight days in jail in 1995 on a contempt of court citation. In response to the numerous complaints filed against him, <mask> has questioned the constitutionality of city code provisions, and accused city officials of selective prosecution and carrying out a "vendetta" against him personally. In 2003, <mask> announced that he intended to sell his rental properties in order to devote more time to political activism, but was cited by Colorado Springs for keeping dilapidated properties as recently as 2007.In 2008, <mask> was cited by Colorado Springs for two properties they considered "dilapidated," in part because of windows boarded up under orders from the city, but the charges were ultimately dropped when <mask> sold the buildings. Shortly before his August 2008 legislative primary, Colorado Springs declared a four-plex owned by <mask> as "dilapidated;" <mask> responded that he had put money into repairing the building and readying it for sale. In early 2010, Colorado Springs told <mask> that it would charge him $40,000 to restart water service at seven of his rental properties, a charge that <mask> said amounted to political retaliation, but that city staff justified by noting all of the properties had been abandoned. Taxpayer's Bill of Rights Although similar tax-limitation measures had been rejected by voters over the previous decades, in 1988, <mask> authored and led the campaign that was eventually successful in enacting TABOR, a "Taxpayer Bill of Rights," in Colorado. Among other provisions, TABOR mandated voter approval of any tax increases and constrained state government spending to grow at a rate no greater than the rates of population growth and inflation. Although TABOR did not pass in 1988, garnering only 42% of the vote in a statewide reference, <mask> revised the measure and it was placed on the ballot again in 1990, when it received 49% support. A third attempt in 1992 was successful, and TABOR was passed with 54% of the vote and became part of Colorado's constitution.In 1997, TABOR's restrictions on state spending were triggered for the first time, resulting in refunds to taxpayers. During these campaigns, <mask> was the primary spokesperson for TABOR, often trading barbs with TABOR opponent and Colorado governor Roy Romer. In one frequently-cited incident, Romer likened the TABOR proposal to "economic terrorism;" in response, <mask> printed personal business cards reading "<mask>: Terrorist." The passage of TABOR was <mask>'s most prominent political accomplishment; years later, <mask>'s personalized license plate read "MRTABOR." <mask> also wrote and successfully passed a similar spending limitation measure in Colorado Springs in 1991. The statewide and local effects of TABOR on government finances led Colorado College political science professor Bob Loevy, in 2009, to call <mask> "the most influential Colorado politician of his time." Since the passage of TABOR in 1992, hundreds of local jurisdictions in Colorado have sought voter approval to temporarily or permanently exceed the spending limitations of TABOR, measures which became known as "de-Brucing," in reference to TABOR's author.By 2007, over half of Colorado's school district and counties had "de-<mask>d," as had many municipalities. TABOR's budget restrictions were frequently cited by officials in <mask>'s native El Paso County as resulting in deficiencies in health, law enforcement, and administrative services, and on the state level, creating financial difficulties for higher education. In 2005, after several years of tight budgets brought about by recession, the spending limitations of TABOR, and other budgetary obligations, the Colorado General Assembly referred Referendum C, a statewide "de-Brucing" measure, to Colorado voters. <mask> was a vocal opponent of Referendum C, facing off against supporters including Gov. Bill Owens, who had supported the original passage of TABOR. Referendum C, which was ultimately passed by voters, authorized a five-year "time-out" from some of TABOR's spending restrictions. Although <mask> threatened a lawsuit against the state of Colorado if the referendum passed, the measure was ultimately enacted into law, raising state revenue by several billion dollars.In 2008, following his term in the state legislature, <mask> argued against a measure to reverse some of the spending restrictions of the Taxpayer's Bill of Rights. The initiative, known as the Savings Account for Education, would divert refunds given to taxpayers under TABOR to a special fund for K-12 education. <mask> opposed the measure in legislative hearings and then filed a legal challenge once House Speaker Andrew Romanoff, its primary proponent, sought to place the measure on the Colorado ballot as a citizen initiative. The measure was ultimately placed on the November 2008 statewide ballot as Amendment 59, and <mask> launched a website opposing it. State senate campaigns <mask>'s first attempt to seek elected office in Colorado came in 1996, when <mask> challenged incumbent Republican state senator Ray Powers in the Republican Party primary. <mask> lost to Powers, who went on to become the Colorado State Senate President. Because of the negativity of <mask>'s campaign against Powers, <mask> was the only person banned from Powers' ranch, a frequent site for Colorado Springs Republican fundraisers.<mask> also ran unsuccessfully for the Colorado State Senate in 2000, losing a hotly contested Republican party primary to Ron May in the solidly Republican district. Running with the slogan "Ron May, but <mask> will," <mask> faced institutional opposition from statewide Republican leaders, including Governor Bill Owens, who had once supported <mask>'s TABOR initiatives. May ultimately won by only 112 votes. El Paso County commissioner 2004 election <mask> sought election to the El Paso County, Colorado, county commission in 2004, winning the Republican Party nomination by defeating Colorado Springs councilwoman Maraget Radford in the party primary. In the general election, <mask> defeated Democrat Stanley Hildahl and two Republicans who ran as write-in candidates with the backing of some party leaders. <mask> won the general election with 58% of the vote. <mask> self-funded his campaign, refusing to accept outside donations.Policy positions While serving on the El Paso County Commission, <mask> was frequently the only opposition to measures supported by the other four county commissioners. He cast the only vote against implementing mail ballot elections, against county interference in the proposed incorporation of Falcon, Colorado (although he also opposed the incorporation), against a package of road improvement projects recommended by the Colorado Department of Transportation, against the appointment of County Administrator Jeff Greene, against stricter building codes for mobile homes, and against awarding a county grant to an anti-poverty agency, calling it handouts for "deadbeats." He was unsuccessful in attempting to reduce the number of paid holidays taken by county employees, but was instrumental in lowering property tax rates and in negotiating the expansion of a gravel pit operation. He also spoke in favor of turning over management of the county fair to a volunteer organization and called for the number of volunteer boards and commissions to be reduced. <mask> was also outspoken in support of deportation for illegal immigrants, and went against his normal practice of refusing to support ceremonial resolutions to support a resolution in favor of the creation of an Immigration and Customs Enforcement office in El Paso County. Conflicts with county staff and commissioners When <mask> joined the commission, he sought to have his salary of over $60,000 per year directed to charity, per a campaign promise. Designating Active Citizens Together, an educational non-profit he helped found, as the recipient, <mask> sought to have the county not withhold income tax from his checks, as the money would go directly to charity and he would receive no direct personal benefit.After ten months of disputing arrangements with county staff, <mask> agreed to accept checks with taxes and deductions withheld. In 2007, <mask> attempted to use the non-profit group to donate copies of the U.S. Constitution for local school districts to distribute to graduating seniors; several districts refused his donation on logistical grounds or policies forbidding distribution of external material. The nonprofit group has purchased tens of thousands of copies of the constitution, with the goal of giving one to every graduating high school senior in Colorado. He also refused to accept a VIP pass from the Colorado Springs Airport, characterizing it as a "bribe;" he also objected to the introduction of public prayer during county commission meetings. <mask> also objected to the inclusion of his name (alongside other county commissioners) on a plaque marking county support of a new courthouse expansion, threatening to physically remove his name from the plaque; his opposition to financing methods for the courthouse had been a driving factor behind his 2004 county commission campaign. <mask>'s debating and speaking style during county commission meetings led to occasional conflicts with county staff and other commissioners. During his first year, an escalating series of disputes with Commissioner Sallie Clark led to her ruling, at a meeting which she chaired, that <mask> was not allowed to discuss Colorado Springs city politics.In 2006, <mask> was also accused of intervening in a county bidding process for a copying contract in favor of a campaign supporter. In 2006, El Paso County Attorney Bill Louis denounced <mask> as a "narcissist, sociopath and crackpot enabler" for supporting Colorado's Amendment 38, a referendum designed to ease rules for petitioning measures onto election ballots. <mask> and Louis verbally tangled after Louis called <mask>'s tactics "guerrilla" and Louis announced: "I plan to do everything in my limited power to make sure that [<mask>'s tenure in elected office] comes to an end at some point for the good not only of this community but for all of Colorado and the nation." Tensions also rose during <mask>'s final weeks on the county commission, as he sought a vacancy committee's appointment to the state legislature. <mask> criticized county staff for being unresponsive to his inquiries, and Sheriff Terry Maketa responded by accusing <mask> of harming the morale of county staff, and told <mask> that he supported his bid for the legislature in order "to put you in an environment that will match your ineffectiveness," a statement applauded by other county staff. During his final commission meetings, <mask> was also repeatedly cut off by other commissioners during his comments; other members of the commission described his behavior as an increase in "grandstanding" prior to the vacancy committee's meeting. Activism in Colorado Springs In June 2000, <mask> was called to appear as a potential juror for a sexual assault trial in Colorado Springs.During the jury selection process, <mask> distributed leaflets written by the Fully Informed Jury Association in support of jury nullification. After defense attorneys objected to <mask>'s actions, the presiding judge dismissed <mask> and 50 other potential jurors who had received the fliers, resulting in a two-week delay for the trial. <mask> authored two measures, Issues 200 and 201, which appeared on the November 2006 Colorado Springs election ballot, and would have reduced the city's sales tax rate, eliminated its property tax, and restricted the city's ability to borrow money. The legality of the measures was challenged by city officials; the dispute rose to the Colorado Court of Appeals, which ruled in favor of the measures' placement on the ballot. <mask> also unsuccessfully contested both the editing of statements of support for the measures in ballot summaries mailed to voters, and what he claimed was deceptive wording in other taxation measures that election. <mask> was also the subject of several criminal citations — first in May 2006, stemming from charges that he campaigned against a tax increase for the Falcon Fire Protection District at a polling place closer than the legal limit, and then in August 2009, when he and another man were charged with trespassing after being asked by police to stop soliciting signatures outside a Costco for the second time in a year. <mask> alleged that the City of Colorado Springs attempted to "bully" him and violate his First Amendment rights, a charge city officials denied.A trial was eventually held after paperwork errors, a tainted jury pool, and claims by <mask> of selective prosecution; after a three-day trial, both were acquitted. <mask> later filed an unsuccessful complaint alleging professional misconduct by the case's prosecutor and judge. Colorado House of Representatives Appointment, swearing-in, and censure In October 2007, <mask> was chosen over two other Republican contenders for the state house seat vacated by Rep. Bill Cadman, following a short but contentious battle for the appointment. <mask> received two-thirds of the votes from the 66-member vacancy committee. Although eligible to be sworn in immediately after his appointment was certified, <mask> postponed the oath of office in order to be eligible to serve a full four terms beyond the partial term under Colorado's term limits rules, an action which was criticized by both Republican and Democratic lawmakers. His delay led to the enactment of legislation requiring legislators to be sworn in within 14 days of their selection. <mask> cast the only dissenting vote on the measure.<mask> also demanded to be sworn in in front of the full house, a request denied by both Republican and Democratic leadership. He acquiesced to an individual swearing-in ceremony on January 14 after House Republicans voted 22-1 to call for a representative to be named for District 15 if <mask> did not take the oath of office by the end of the day. On the morning before he was sworn in, <mask> kicked a Rocky Mountain News photographer who took <mask>'s picture during the prayer; <mask> accused the photographer of "violating the order and decorum" of the house, and refused to apologize, describing his action instead as a "nudge or a tap." A six-member legislative panel recommended 6-0 that <mask> be censured by the House for his actions. On January 24, the full House of Representatives voted 62-1 to censure <mask>. He became the first representative in the recorded history of the state house to be formally censured. Legislative agenda For the 2008 session of the Colorado General Assembly, <mask> was named to seats on the House Finance Committee and the House State, Veterans, and Military Affairs Committee.Before the session began, <mask> denounced much of the House Republican caucus' legislative agenda as "streamlining socialism." <mask> was similarly critical of the proposed state budget debated during the 2008 legislative session; however, his budget amendment proposals were unsuccessful. All of the legislation introduced by <mask> died in House committees, including proposals to distribute copies and require instruction on the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution to high school seniors, to prohibit counties from assessing any charges other than property taxes on property tax bills, to raise legislative pay and index pay to inflation, and to create a bipartisan panel to draw up Colorado's congressional and legislative districts. <mask> routinely objected to the practice of attaching a "safety clause" to bills, the inclusion of which declares the bill as "necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety," enacting it into law sooner and prohibiting challenges to the legislation via the petition process. He offered amendments to a number of bills to remove the safety clause, which often failed on account of legislators' personal hostility towards him; however, in 2008, 41% of bills passed had no safety clause, up from 25% the previous year. <mask> also opposed proposals to raise signature requirements for citizen-initiated constitutional amendments, and opposed a bill to impose new requirements on landlords, despite criticism that voting on the measure constituted a conflict of interest. Removal from committee Consistent with <mask>'s practice as a county commissioner, <mask> opposed ceremonial resolutions in the legislature, and on February 13, was the lone legislator who refused to sign on as a cosponsor to a resolution recognizing Military and Veterans Appreciation Day.Other Republican legislators denounced <mask> in a public letter for "callous indifference" towards veterans, and Republican Minority Leader Mike May removed <mask> from the House State, Veterans and Military Affairs Committee. <mask> offered as evidence of his support for veterans his successful amendment to a house bill to include interest in a state repayment to the Colorado Veterans Trust Fund, a move which resulted in an additional $636,000 repaid to the fund. <mask> would later cite this as one of his major accomplishments during the 2008 session. "Illiterate peasants" comments On April 21, 2008, <mask> voiced opposition during house debate on a bill sponsored by Rep. Marsha Looper (R) to create a guest worker program to facilitate temporary employment visas for agricultural workers from Mexico. After speaking against illegal immigration and being advised to restrict comments to the bill by debate chair Rep. Kathleen Curry, <mask> took the floor a second time and commented: <mask> was immediately gavelled to order by Rep. Kathleen Curry, who ruled that he would no longer be recognized during debate on the bill. <mask>'s comments were denounced by legislators on both sides of the aisle, as well the Mexican consulate in Denver. <mask> proudly defended his remarks as being factually accurate, citing dictionary definitions of "illiterate" and "peasant."Legislators responded to <mask>'s propensity for generating controversy by declaring that they would "start ignoring him." The following weekend, <mask>'s comments were the target of a local protest in Colorado Springs. 2008 election <mask> announced in November 2007 that he would stand in the 2008 general election for the House District 15 seat. He faced a challenge for the Republican nomination from attorney and Iraq War veteran Mark Waller. <mask> funded his own campaign with over $30,000 of personal funds, refusing to accept private campaign donations; Waller, however, received endorsements or contributions from at least five sitting state representatives, and Colorado Attorney General John Suthers. Waller received 57% of the vote at the Republican assembly in March, claiming the top line on the August Republican primary ballot; he did not differ publicly with <mask> on political positions, but argued that <mask>'s temperament caused him to be an ineffective legislator. Both <mask> and Waller accused each other of inappropriate conduct while campaigning; <mask> was accused of inappropriately distributing campaign flyers to Republican representatives on the House floor, of mailing flyers promoting his charity shortly before the primary, and of inappropriately listing endorsements on his web site.In turn, <mask> filed several campaign finance complaints against Waller, one of which resulted in Waller's campaign being fined for failing to properly disclose a campaign contribution. Ultimately, <mask> was defeated for the Republican nomination in the August 12 party primary, taking 48 percent of the vote to Waller's 52 percent. Later career Colorado Springs In 2007, <mask> began a series of challenges to the City of Colorado Springs' creation of a Stormwater Enterprise Fee, which he contended amounted to an illegal tax collected by a government entity. After his first attempt at a ballot measure to end the fee was held to violate Colorado's single subject rule, <mask> gained permission for a second petition following a year-long battle over wording, and placed the measure on the November 2008 ballot following struggles to collect the necessary number of signatures but were rejected by voters. <mask> was again successful at placing a measure targeting the Stormwater Enterprise on the ballot in 2009, despite challenges from the city that signatures were not submitted in time, but not after <mask> lost disputes over the wording of the ballot measures. <mask>'s Issue 300 was passed by voters with about 55 percent of the vote, and mandated that enterprise payments to Colorado Springs be phased out over eight years. <mask> and city officials disputed, even before the election, as to whether his measure would apply to the city's Stormwater Enterprise Fee; and after threatening to launch a ballot initiative to cut property taxes after an initial 5-4 vote by the city council over two years, the city council then voted 5-4 to phase out the authority immediately.<mask>, however, objected to the city council's proposed implementation of the initiative, which would allow the city to collect payments from the authority in exchange for services rendered. <mask> claimed that this would "undo the plain meaning of issue 300," and made similar claims regarding a local government restructuring proposal made by Colorado Springs mayor Lionel Rivera. In March 2010, <mask> filed suit against the city of Colorado Springs and its city council, charging that they had illegally hired outside legal counsel. He also accused the council members of receiving benefits greater than that authorized by law. In June 2010, <mask> filed a ballot measure to dramatically expand the powers of the city's mayor, including eliminating the positions of city manager, chief financial officer, and communications staff, as well as giving the mayor power to veto ordinances, lower taxes, and excuse city code violations. Statewide ballot measures Although <mask> attempted to distance himself from three statewide ballot measures aimed at limiting Colorado governments' power to raise and borrow money, several petitioners for the measures were linked to <mask> through records showing that they temporarily resided at one of his Colorado Springs apartment buildings, and through their past work on TABOR initiatives in other states and petitioning for <mask>'s Issue 300 in Colorado Springs. The three measures — Amendment 60, Amendment 61 and Proposition 101 — would impose restrictions or tax cuts, eliminate governments' ability to borrow money without voter approval, cut the state income tax from 4.63 to 3.5 percent, and eliminate vehicle ownership taxes.Opponents of the ballot measures filed a complaint alleging the backers violated Colorado campaign finance laws by failing to disclose contributions and expenditures. <mask> was subpoenaed to testify in a hearing related to the case in March, but contested the summons unsuccessfully. During the month of May 2010, the state attempted 29 times to serve a notice of a court order testify to <mask> at his Colorado Springs residence; <mask> stated that he was out of town at the time, although both notices and delivered newspapers were removed during that period. At a hearing in late May, one of the ballot measures' sponsors, Michelle Northrup, testified that she had met with <mask> before the measures were filed and that he provided advice on submitting the initiates and other legal matters. In early June, an administrative law judge ruled that the evidence showed <mask> was behind the three measures and imposed fines on their proponents, and state attorney general John Suthers' office stated that they would seek a contempt citation against <mask> in district court. Crime, trial, conviction and sentence In 2010, <mask> was charged with money laundering, attempted bribery of a public official, and tax fraud, after he was discovered to be using a small-government charity he founded to hide millions of dollars from the Colorado Department of Revenue, pocketing interest and using the revenue to fund his political activism. The case went to trial during which <mask> acted as his own attorney.During the trial, <mask> showed up late to proceedings and introduced evidence by throwing documents onto the floor. After eight days of trial, on December 22, 2011, jurors convicted <mask> on four counts. On February 13, 2012, he was sentenced to two consecutive 90-day jail terms and six months of probation, during which he would have to make extensive financial disclosures to the court aimed to ensure he did not become a repeat offender. <mask> was also ordered to pay around $21,000 to cover the cost of prosecution, and about $29,000 to cover the taxes that were owed. <mask> defiantly denounced the trial, saying, "This was the dirtiest trial I have seen in 38 years, regardless of the outcome." <mask> began serving his sentence February 17, 2012. He spent 104 days in jail, and was paroled under 20 terms and conditions.After a year, the probation department of the Denver District Court brought two complaints against <mask>, claiming that he failed to submit financial disclosures and tax filings, did not disclose a financial deal with Colorado Springs Councilwoman Helen Collins, and did not report code violations and court cases related to six personal properties in Ohio, Wisconsin and Illinois, nor nearly $22,000 in delinquent taxes on three Ohio properties. On March 11, 2016, <mask> was found in violation of his probation and sentenced to two years. He served his sentence in several locations, including the Colorado Territorial Correctional Facility in Cañon City, Colorado and Delta, Colorado. On July 28, 2016, <mask> appeared before the Colorado State Board of Parole, where he was granted parole on his eligibility date of September 3, 2016. <mask> was quoted as saying "I accept responsibility for all my actions. I deeply regret them. It will never happen again."References External links <mask> - personal web site El Paso County Commission web site 1949 births Living people Members of the Colorado House of Representatives County commissioners in Colorado Colorado Republicans Pomona College alumni USC Gould School of Law alumni Politicians from Colorado Springs, Colorado American real estate businesspeople American anti–illegal immigration activists American politicians convicted of fraud American people convicted of tax crimes People convicted of money laundering Prisoners and detainees of Colorado Colorado politicians convicted of crimes 20th-century American lawyers 20th-century American politicians 21st-century American politicians

<mask> is an American conservative activist, attorney, convicted felon, and former legislator who served as a member of the Colorado House of Representatives from 2008 to 2009. He was the author of Colorado's Taxpayer Bill of Rights. TABOR, a spending limitation measure approved by Colorado voters in 1992, was written and promoted by <mask>, a strict advocate for limited government. His name is associated with the measure and attempts to circumvent it are known as "de-Brucing." <mask> was elected to the El Paso County Commission in 2004. In December of 2007, <mask> was appointed to a vacant seat in the Colorado House of Representatives and represented House District 15 which includes eastern Colorado Springs. <mask> became the first legislator in Colorado history to be censured after kicking a photographer.He was removed from the veterans affairs committee after he refused to sponsor a ceremonial resolution. Despite being defeated for election to a full term in the August 2008 Republican Party primary, <mask> continued his activism to reduce government expenditures and taxes. <mask> was indicted in 2010 for money laundering, attempted bribe of a public official, and tax fraud involving the use of a charitable organization and anti-tax activism. <mask> was found guilty of all counts in the indictment, including felony criminal activity, attempted improper influence of a public official, and tax fraud. He founded a charity that hid millions of dollars from the state department of revenue. He was sentenced on February 13, 2012 to a total of 180 days in jail, ordered to pay a total of $49,000 in fines, and subject to six months of supervision which included extensive disclosure requirements. <mask> graduated from Hollywood High School at the age of 16 and then from Pomona College with a double major in history and government.He earned a Juris Doctor from the USC Gould School of Law in 1973, and worked as a Los Angeles County deputy district attorney from 1973 to 1979. <mask> ran a self-financed campaign for the 38th Assembly district, which was centered on Pacific Palisades and Malibu, in 1980. <mask> ran a law and order primary campaign with the slogan "Specifics, Safe Not Generalities", which was described by a local newspaper as "something of an anomaly, a law and order primary campaign by a Democrat." <mask> lost in a high-turnout primary. Steven Afriat lost the general election to a Republican. <mask> acquired a number of rental properties in the Los Angeles area in the late 1970s after leaving the district attorney's office. <mask> was involved in several tax disputes with the IRS.<mask> moved to Colorado permanently after acquiring several properties in Colorado Springs. Before moving to Colorado, <mask> changed his political party affiliation from Democrat to Republican. <mask> bought rental properties in Denver and Pueblo, Colorado, as well as his Colorado Springs properties. Most of the dozens of citations brought against him have been overturned, although he has been cited repeatedly for the upkeep of his properties. <mask> spent eight days in jail in 1995 on a contempt of court citation for operating an unsafe building. <mask> questioned the constitutionality of city code provisions and accused city officials of carrying out a "vendetta" against him. <mask> announced in 2003 that he intended to sell his rental properties in order to devote more time to political activism, but Colorado Springs cited him for keeping dilapidated properties as recently as 2007.When <mask> sold the buildings, the charges were dropped because of the boarded up windows Colorado Springs had ordered for the properties. <mask> responded that he had put money into repairing the building and readying it for sale after Colorado Springs declared the four-plex to be dilapidated. In early 2010, Colorado Springs told <mask> that it would charge him $40,000 to restart water service at seven of his rental properties, a charge that <mask> said amounted to political retaliation, but that city staff justified by noting all of the properties had been abandoned. The Taxpayer's Bill of Rights was enacted in Colorado in 1988 after similar tax-limitation measures had been rejected by voters in the past. TABOR mandated voter approval of any tax increases and constrained state government spending to grow at a rate no greater than the rates of population growth and inflation. <mask> revised the measure after it received only 42% of the vote in a statewide reference, and it was placed on the ballot again in 1990. TABOR became part of Colorado's constitution in 1992 after a third attempt was successful.In 1997 the restrictions on state spending were triggered for the first time and resulted in refunds to taxpayers. <mask> was the primary spokesman for TABOR, and he traded barbs with Roy Romer, the Colorado governor. <mask> printed personal business cards reading "<mask>: Terrorist" after Romer likened the proposal to economic terrorism. <mask>'s most significant political accomplishment was the passage of TABOR, and years later, his personalized license plate read "MRTABOR." <mask> passed a spending limitation measure in Colorado Springs in 1991. Colorado College political science professor Bob Loevy called <mask> the most influential Colorado politician of his time because of the statewide and local effects of TABOR. Hundreds of local jurisdictions in Colorado have sought voter approval to temporarily or permanently exceed the spending limitations of TABOR, measures which became known as "de-Brucing."Over half of Colorado's school district and counties had "de-<mask>d" by 2007. In <mask>'s native El Paso County, the budget restrictions of the Taxpayer's Bill of Rights resulted in a lack of health, law enforcement, and administrative services, as well as creating financial difficulties for higher education. After several years of tight budgets brought about by the recession, the Colorado General Assembly referred Referendum C, a statewide "de-Brucing" measure, to Colorado voters. <mask> was a vocal opponent of Referendum C. The original passage of TABOR was supported by Bill Owens. A five-year "time-out" from some of TABOR's spending restrictions was authorized by Referendum C. <mask> threatened a lawsuit against the state of Colorado if the referendum passed, but the measure was enacted into law and raised state revenue by billions of dollars.<mask> was against reversing some of the spending restrictions of the Taxpayer's Bill of Rights. The Savings Account for Education would divert refunds to a special fund for K-12 education. <mask> filed a legal challenge after House Speaker Andrew Romanoff sought to place the measure on the Colorado ballot as a citizen initiative. <mask> launched a website opposing the measure after it was placed on the statewide ballot. State senate campaigns <mask>'s first attempt to seek elected office in Colorado came in 1996, when <mask> challenged incumbent Republican state senator Ray Powers in the Republican Party primary. Powers became the Colorado State Senate President. <mask> was the only person banned from Powers' ranch because of his negative campaign against Powers.<mask> lost to Ron May in the Republican primary for the Colorado State Senate in 2000. Running with the slogan "Ron May, but <mask> will," <mask> faced institutional opposition from statewide Republican leaders, including Governor Bill Owens, who had once supported <mask>'s TABOR initiatives. May won by 112 votes. <mask> won the Republican Party nomination and was elected to the El Paso County, Colorado, commission in 2004. <mask> defeated two Republicans who ran as write-in candidates with the support of some party leaders in the general election. <mask> won the general election with over 50% of the vote. <mask> self-funded his campaign.<mask> was the only opposition to measures supported by the other four county commissioners. He cast the only vote against implementing mail ballot elections, against county interference in the proposed incorporation of Falcon, Colorado, against a package of road improvement projects recommended by the Colorado Department of Transportation, against the appointment of County Administrator Jeff Greene, and against stricter building codes. He was unsuccessful in his attempt to reduce the number of paid holidays taken by county employees. He called for the number of volunteer boards and commissions to be reduced and spoke in favor of turning over management of the county fair to a volunteer organization. <mask> refused to support a resolution in favor of the creation of an Immigration and Customs Enforcement office in El Paso County because he was outspoken in his support of deportation for illegal immigrants. <mask> wanted his salary to be directed to charity when he joined the commission, but he had disagreements with the county staff. <mask> wanted the county to not deduct income tax from his checks as the money would go directly to charity and he wouldn't receive any personal benefit.<mask> agreed to accept checks with taxes and deductions after a long fight with county staff. In 2007, <mask> tried to use the non-profit group to donate copies of the U.S. Constitution for local school districts to distribute to graduating seniors, but several districts refused his donation on logistical grounds or policies forbidding distribution of external material. The group wants to give one copy of the constitution to every graduating high school senior in Colorado. He objected to the introduction of public prayer during county commission meetings and refused to accept a pass from the Colorado Springs Airport. <mask> objected to the inclusion of his name on a plaque marking county support of a new courthouse expansion, threatening to physically remove his name from the plaque, and his opposition to financing methods for the courthouse DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch Conflicts with county staff and other Commissioners were caused by <mask>'s debating and speaking style. <mask> was not allowed to discuss Colorado Springs city politics during his first year because of a series of disputes with Commissioner Clark.<mask> was accused of intervening in a county bidding process for a copying contract in favor of a campaign supporter. In 2006 El Paso County Attorney Bill Louis denounced <mask> as a "narcissist, sociopath and crackpot enabler" for supporting Colorado's Amendment 38, a referendum designed to ease rules for petitioning measures onto election ballots. Louis said he would do everything in his power to make sure that <mask>'s tenure in elected office comes to an end at some point. Tensions rose during <mask>'s final weeks on the commission as he sought the appointment to the state legislature. <mask> criticized county staff for being unresponsive to his inquiries, and Sheriff Terry Maketa responded by accusing <mask> of harming the morale of county staff, and told <mask> that he supported his bid for the legislature in order to put you in an environment that will match your ineffectiveness. Other members of the commission described <mask>'s behavior as an increase in "grandstanding" prior to the vacancy committee's meeting, as he was repeatedly cut off by other commissioners during his final commission meetings. <mask> was called to appear as a potential juror in a sexual assault trial in Colorado Springs.<mask> distributed leaflets in support of jury nullification during the jury selection process. After defense attorneys objected to <mask>'s actions, the presiding judge dismissed <mask> and 50 other potential jurors, causing a two-week delay for the trial. In the November 2006 Colorado Springs election, <mask> authored two measures that would have reduced the city's sales tax rate, eliminated its property tax, and restricted the city's ability to borrow money. The Colorado Court of Appeals ruled in favor of the measures' placement on the ballot after the legality of the measures was challenged by city officials. <mask> was unsuccessful in contesting the editing of statements of support for the measures in ballot summaries mailed to voters. In May 2006 <mask> was charged with campaigning against a tax increase for the Falcon Fire Protection District at a polling place closer than the legal limit, and in August 2009 he and another man were charged with being in a restricted area. The City of Colorado Springs denied that they tried to bully <mask> and violate his First Amendment rights.After a three-day trial, both were acquitted of all charges. The case's prosecutor and judge were the subject of an unsuccessful complaint filed by <mask>. Colorado House of Representatives Appointment, swearing-in, and censure in October 2007, <mask> was chosen over two other Republican candidates for the state house seat. <mask> got two-thirds of the votes. Although eligible to be sworn in immediately after his appointment was certified, <mask> postponed the oath of office in order to be eligible to serve a full four terms beyond the partial term under Colorado's term limits rules, an action which was criticized by both Republican and Democratic lawmakers. Legislation requiring legislators to be sworn in within 14 days of their selection was enacted because of his delay. <mask> voted against the measure.Both Republican and Democratic leadership denied <mask>'s request to be sworn in in front of the full house. He acquiesced to an individual swearing-in ceremony on January 14 after House Republicans voted 22-1 to call for a representative to be named for District 15 if <mask> did not take the oath of office by the end of the day. <mask> accused the photographer of violating the order and decorum of the house, and refused to apologize, even though he kicked the photographer on the morning before he was sworn in. <mask> should be censured by the House for his actions, according to a legislative panel. <mask> was censured by the full House of Representatives on January 24. He was the first representative in the history of the state house to be censured. <mask> was named to seats on the House Finance Committee and the House State, Veterans, and Military Affairs Committee during the 2008 session of the Colorado General Assembly.The legislative agenda of the House Republican caucus was denounced by <mask> before the session began. While <mask> was critical of the proposed state budget debated during the 2008 legislative session, his budget amendment proposals were unsuccessful. To raise legislative pay and index pay, to prohibit counties from assessing any charges other than property taxes on property tax bills, and to distribute copies of the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution to high school seniors all died in House committees. <mask> objected to the practice of attaching a "safety clause" to bills, the inclusion of which declares the bill as necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety, and prohibiting challenges to the legislation via the petition process. He offered amendments to a number of bills to remove the safety clause, which often failed on account of legislators' personal hostility towards him; however, in 2008, 41% of bills passed had no safety clause, up from 25% the previous year. <mask> voted against the bill to impose new requirements on landlords despite the fact that it constituted a conflict of interest. <mask> was removed from the committee after he refused to sign on as a cosponsor of a resolution recognizing Military and Veterans Appreciation Day.Other Republican legislators denounced <mask> in a public letter for "callous indifference" towards veterans, and Republican Minority Leader Mike May removed <mask> from the House State, Veterans and Military Affairs Committee. <mask> offered as evidence of his support for veterans his amendment to a house bill to include interest in a state repayment to the Colorado Veterans Trust Fund, a move which resulted in an additional $636,000 repaid to the fund. During the 2008 session, <mask> cited this as one of his major accomplishments. On April 21, 2008, <mask> voiced opposition to a bill that would create a guest worker program for agricultural workers from Mexico. <mask> was givenlled to order by Rep. Kathleen Curry, who ruled that he would no longer be recognized during debate. Legislators on both sides of the aisle denounced <mask>'s comments. <mask> cited dictionary definitions of "illiterate" and "peasant" to defend his remarks.Legislators said they would ignore <mask> because of his propensity for generating controversy. <mask>'s comments were the target of a local protest in Colorado Springs. The general election for the House District 15 seat will be held in 2008. He faced a challenge from an Iraq War veteran. <mask> funded his own campaign with over $30,000 of personal funds, refusing to accept private campaign donations, while Waller received endorsements or contributions from at least five sitting state representatives and Colorado Attorney General John Suthers. At the Republican assembly in March, he claimed the top line on the August Republican primary ballot and argued that <mask>'s temperament caused him to be an ineffective legislator. <mask> was accused of distributing campaign flyers to Republican representatives on the House floor, of mailing flyers promoting his charity shortly before the primary, and of listing endorsements on his website.<mask> filed several campaign finance complaints against Waller, one of which resulted in his campaign being fined for failing to properly disclose a campaign contribution. <mask> was defeated for the Republican nomination in the August 12 party primary, taking 48 percent of the vote to Waller's 52 percent. In 2007, <mask> began a series of challenges to the City of Colorado Springs' creation of a Stormwater Enterprise Fee, which he contended amounted to an illegal tax collected by a government entity. After his first attempt at a ballot measure to end the fee was held to violate Colorado's single subject rule, <mask> gained permission for a second petition following a year-long battle over wording, and placed the measure on the November 2008 ballot. <mask> was able to place a measure on the ballot in 2009, despite challenges from the city that signatures were not submitted in time, but not after he lost a dispute over the wording of the ballot measures. <mask>'s Issue 300 was passed by voters with 55 percent of the vote, and mandated that enterprise payments to Colorado Springs be phased out over eight years. Even before the election, <mask> and the city disagreed as to whether his measure would apply to the city's Stormwater Enterprise Fee; and after threatening to launch a ballot initiative to cut property taxes, the city council voted against it.<mask> objected to the city council's proposed implementation of the initiative, which would allow the city to collect payments from the authority in exchange for services rendered. <mask> made similar claims regarding the local government restructuring proposal made by Colorado Springs mayor Lionel Rivera. <mask> filed a lawsuit against the city of Colorado Springs and its council, accusing them of illegally hiring outside legal counsel. The council members were accused of receiving benefits that were not authorized by law. <mask> filed a ballot measure in June of 2010 to dramatically expand the powers of the city's mayor, including eliminating the positions of city manager, chief financial officer, and communications staff, as well as giving the mayor power to veto, lower taxes, and excuse city code violations. <mask> tried to distance himself from three statewide ballot measures aimed at limiting Colorado governments' power to raise and borrow money, but records show that several of them were linked to him through their past work on the Taxpayer's Bill of Rights. The measures would impose restrictions or tax cuts, eliminate governments' ability to borrow money without voter approval, and cut the state income tax.The backers of the ballot measures are accused of violating Colorado campaign finance laws. <mask> was subpoenaed to testify in a case in March, but was unsuccessful in contesting the summons. During the month of May 2010, the state attempted to serve a notice of a court order testify to <mask> at his Colorado Springs residence, but <mask> stated that he was out of town at the time, and both notices and delivered newspapers were removed. At a hearing in late May, one of the ballot measures' sponsors testified that she had met with <mask> before the measures were filed and that he provided advice on submitting the initiates and other legal matters. John Suthers' office stated that they would seek a contempt citation against <mask> in district court after an administrative law judge ruled that the evidence showed <mask> was behind the three measures. <mask> was charged with money laundering, attempted bribe of a public official, and tax fraud after he was discovered to be using a small-government charity to hide millions of dollars from the Colorado Department of Revenue. <mask> acted as his own attorney during the trial.<mask> threw documents onto the floor during the trial. <mask> was found guilty on four counts after eight days of trial. He was sentenced to two consecutive 90-day jail terms and six months of supervised release on February 13, 2012 in order to make sure he didn't become a repeat offenders. <mask> was ordered to pay $21,000 to cover the cost of prosecution and $29,000 to cover the taxes that were owed. <mask> said the trial was the dirtiest he had seen in 38 years. February 17, 2012 was when <mask> began serving his sentence. He was paroled under 20 terms and conditions after spending 104 days in jail.After a year, the Denver District Court brought two complaints against <mask>, claiming that he failed to submit financial disclosures and tax filings, did not disclose a financial deal with Colorado Springs Councilwoman Helen Collins, and did not report code violations and court cases related to six personal properties in Ohio. <mask> was sentenced to two years for violating his parole. He was sentenced in several locations, including the Colorado Territorial Correctional Facility in Caon City, Colorado. <mask> was granted parole on his eligibility date of September 3, 2016 after appearing before the Colorado State Board of Parole. <mask> said that he accepts responsibility for his actions. I regret them a lot. It will not happen again.<mask> - personal web site El Paso County Commission web site 1949 births Living people Members of the Colorado House of Representatives County Commissioners in Colorado Republicans USC Gould School of Law alumni Politicians from Colorado Springs, Colorado

293115

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20Michaels

Patrick Michaels

Patrick J. ("Pat") Michaels (born February 15, 1950) is an American former agricultural climatologist. Michaels was a senior fellow in environmental studies at the Cato Institute until Spring 2019. Until 2007, he was research professor of environmental sciences at the University of Virginia, where he had worked from 1980. He collaborated with Fred Singer to attack the scientific consensus on ozone depletion from 1991. He joined the Cato Institute, a libertarian think-tank founded by Charles and David Koch, and receives significant funding from the fossil fuel industry both directly and through front groups. He has described policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as "Obamunism". He is a past president of the American Association of State Climatologists. He has written a number of books and papers denying or minimizing climate change, including Sound and Fury: The Science and Politics of Global Warming (1992), The Satanic Gases (2000), and Meltdown: The Predictable Distortion of Global Warming by Scientists, Politicians, and the Media (2004). He's also the co-author of Climate of Extremes: Global Warming Science They Don't Want You to Know (2009). Michaels' viewpoint, as argued in a 2002 article in the journal Climate Research, is that the planet will see "a warming range of 1.3–3.0°C, with a central value of 1.9°C" for the 1990 to 2100 period (a value far smaller than the IPCC's average predictions). Education Patrick Michaels obtained an A.B. in biological science in 1971 and an S.M. in biology in 1975 from the University of Chicago, and in 1979 he obtained his Ph.D. in ecological climatology from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. His doctoral thesis was titled Atmospheric anomalies and crop yields in North America. Ozone depletion In 1991 and 1992, Michaels collaborated with Fred Singer in writing articles for the Washington Times rejecting the scientific consensus on ozone depletion. He advanced arguments on the subject as late as 2000. Views on climate change Michaels has said that he does not contest the basic scientific principles behind greenhouse warming and acknowledges that the global mean temperature has increased in recent decades. He is quoted as being skeptical of global warming, and is described by Michael E. Mann as a "prominent climate change contrarian." He contends that the changes will be minor, not catastrophic, and may even be beneficial. A 2002 article published in the journal Climate Research by Michaels and three other scholars has predicted "a warming range of 1.3–3.0°C, with a central value of 1.9°C" over the 1990 to 2100 period, although he remarked that the "temperature range and central values determined in our study may be too great." He made the argument that the climate feedback system involving current warming trends was weaker than generally asserted, coming to a conclusion that set his views apart from that of the IPCC's estimates. In 2009, Michaels authored a Cato report arguing that "Congress should pass no legislation restricting emissions of carbon dioxide, repeal current ethanol mandates, and inform the public about how little climate change would be prevented by proposed legislation." In 2018, Michaels asserted on Fox News, "probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree [of total warming] might be caused by greenhouse gases." Climate Feedback, a fact-checking website for media coverage on climate change, wrote of Michaels' assertion, "no evidence or research is provided to support this claim, which contradicts the published scientific literature." Advocacy Expert witness for Western Fuels Association In May 1994 Richard Lindzen, Michaels, and Robert Balling served as expert witnesses on behalf of Western Fuels Association in St. Paul, Minnesota to determine the environmental cost of coal burning by state power plants. Western Fuels Association is a consortium of coal producers that uses collective advocacy to represent industry interests. World Climate Report, Greening Earth Society, and Western Fuels Association The World Climate Report, a newsletter edited by Michaels was first published by the Greening Earth Society. The society was a public relations organization associated with the Western Fuels Association (WFA), an association of coal-burning utility companies. It has been called a "front group created by the coal industry" and an "industry front". Fred Palmer, a society staffer, is a registered lobbyist for Peabody Energy, a coal company. WFA founded the group in 1997, according to an archived version of its website, "as a vehicle for advocacy on climate change, the environmental impact of CO2, and fossil fuel use." 2003 John Holdren Office of Science and Technology Policy director, John Holdren, told the U.S. Senate Republican Policy Committee in June 2003, "Michaels is another of the handful of U.S. climate-change contrarians … He has published little if anything of distinction in the professional literature, being noted rather for his shrill op-ed pieces and indiscriminate denunciations of virtually every finding of mainstream climate science." In 2009 Michaels responded in a Washington Examiner Op-Ed, saying that the IPCC had subverted the peer review process, and adding the IPCC had "left out plenty of peer-reviewed science that it found inconveniently disagreeable." International Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Working Group in 2007 Michaels was one of hundreds of US reviewers composing the International Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Working Group in 2007. Although the Greening Earth Society was generally skeptical of the impact of climate change, it acknowledged some degree of global warming as real: "Fact #1. The rate of global warming during the past several decades has been about 0.18°C per decade". Note that the actual increase in the global surface temperature during the 100 years ending in 2005 was 0.74 ± 0.18 °C. Climate scientist Tom Wigley, a lead author of parts of the report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, has stated that "Michaels' statements on the subject of computer models are a catalog of misrepresentation and misinterpretation … Many of the supposedly factual statements made in Michaels' testimony are either inaccurate or are seriously misleading." Funding from energy or fossil fuel companies In 2006, a Colorado energy cooperative, the Intermountain Rural Electric Association, had given Michaels $100,000. An Associated Press report said that the donations had been made after Michaels had "told Western business leaders ... that he was running out of money for his analyses of other scientists' global warming research" and noted that the cooperative had a vested interest in opposing mandatory carbon dioxide caps, a situation that raised conflict of interest concerns. Michaels said on CNN that 40 percent of his funding came from the oil industry. According to Fred Pearce, fossil fuel companies have helped fund Michaels' projects, including his World Climate Report, published every year since 1994, and his "advocacy science consulting firm", New Hope Environmental Services. A 2005 article published by the Seattle Times reported that Michaels had received more than $165,000 in fuel-industry funding, including money from the coal industry to publish his own climate journal. Selected publications Michaels is the author of several books including: Sound and Fury: The Science and Politics of Global Warming (1992), Satanic Gases (2002; as coauthor), Meltdown: The Predictable Distortion of Global Warming by Scientists, Politicians and the Media (2004), published by the Cato Institute, and Shattered Consensus: The True State of Global Warming (2005; as editor and coauthor). His writing has been published in major scientific journals, including Climate Research, Climatic Change, Geophysical Research Letters, Journal of Climate, Nature, and Science, as well as in popular serials such as the Washington Post, Washington Times, Los Angeles Times, USA Today, Houston Chronicle, and Journal of Commerce. He was an author of the climate "paper of the year" awarded by the Association of American Geographers in 2004. Science papers and technical comments "Revised 21st century temperature projections", Patrick J. Michaels, Paul C. Knappenberger, Oliver W. Frauenfeld and Robert E. Davis, Climate Research, Vol. 23: 1–9, 2002. Books See also Notable individuals of the Cato Institute References External links Chief Editor profile, World Climate Report Biography, University of Virginia Biography, Cato Institute "How to Manufacture a Climate Consensus", op-ed by Michaels at the Wall Street Journal, published 12/17/2009 Patrick Michaels, Climate Change, and Censorship 1950 births Living people American climatologists American lobbyists Cato Institute people Environmental controversies People from Berwyn, Illinois University of Chicago alumni University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni University of Virginia faculty

<mask><mask> (born February 15, 1950) is an American former agricultural climatologist. <mask> was a senior fellow in environmental studies at the Cato Institute until Spring 2019. Until 2007, he was research professor of environmental sciences at the University of Virginia, where he had worked from 1980. He collaborated with Fred Singer to attack the scientific consensus on ozone depletion from 1991. He joined the Cato Institute, a libertarian think-tank founded by Charles and David Koch, and receives significant funding from the fossil fuel industry both directly and through front groups. He has described policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as "Obamunism".He is a past president of the American Association of State Climatologists. He has written a number of books and papers denying or minimizing climate change, including Sound and Fury: The Science and Politics of Global Warming (1992), The Satanic Gases (2000), and Meltdown: The Predictable Distortion of Global Warming by Scientists, Politicians, and the Media (2004). He's also the co-author of Climate of Extremes: Global Warming Science They Don't Want You to Know (2009). <mask>' viewpoint, as argued in a 2002 article in the journal Climate Research, is that the planet will see "a warming range of 1.3–3.0°C, with a central value of 1.9°C" for the 1990 to 2100 period (a value far smaller than the IPCC's average predictions). Education <mask> obtained an A.B. in biological science in 1971 and an S.M. in biology in 1975 from the University of Chicago, and in 1979 he obtained his Ph.D. in ecological climatology from the University of Wisconsin–Madison.His doctoral thesis was titled Atmospheric anomalies and crop yields in North America. Ozone depletion In 1991 and 1992, <mask> collaborated with Fred Singer in writing articles for the Washington Times rejecting the scientific consensus on ozone depletion. He advanced arguments on the subject as late as 2000. Views on climate change <mask> has said that he does not contest the basic scientific principles behind greenhouse warming and acknowledges that the global mean temperature has increased in recent decades. He is quoted as being skeptical of global warming, and is described by Michael E. Mann as a "prominent climate change contrarian." He contends that the changes will be minor, not catastrophic, and may even be beneficial. A 2002 article published in the journal Climate Research by <mask> and three other scholars has predicted "a warming range of 1.3–3.0°C, with a central value of 1.9°C" over the 1990 to 2100 period, although he remarked that the "temperature range and central values determined in our study may be too great."He made the argument that the climate feedback system involving current warming trends was weaker than generally asserted, coming to a conclusion that set his views apart from that of the IPCC's estimates. In 2009, <mask> authored a Cato report arguing that "Congress should pass no legislation restricting emissions of carbon dioxide, repeal current ethanol mandates, and inform the public about how little climate change would be prevented by proposed legislation." In 2018, <mask> asserted on Fox News, "probably about half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree [of total warming] might be caused by greenhouse gases." Climate Feedback, a fact-checking website for media coverage on climate change, wrote of <mask>' assertion, "no evidence or research is provided to support this claim, which contradicts the published scientific literature." Advocacy Expert witness for Western Fuels Association In May 1994 Richard Lindzen, <mask>, and Robert Balling served as expert witnesses on behalf of Western Fuels Association in St. Paul, Minnesota to determine the environmental cost of coal burning by state power plants. Western Fuels Association is a consortium of coal producers that uses collective advocacy to represent industry interests. World Climate Report, Greening Earth Society, and Western Fuels Association The World Climate Report, a newsletter edited by <mask> was first published by the Greening Earth Society.The society was a public relations organization associated with the Western Fuels Association (WFA), an association of coal-burning utility companies. It has been called a "front group created by the coal industry" and an "industry front". Fred Palmer, a society staffer, is a registered lobbyist for Peabody Energy, a coal company. WFA founded the group in 1997, according to an archived version of its website, "as a vehicle for advocacy on climate change, the environmental impact of CO2, and fossil fuel use." 2003 John Holdren Office of Science and Technology Policy director, John Holdren, told the U.S. Senate Republican Policy Committee in June 2003, "<mask> is another of the handful of U.S. climate-change contrarians … He has published little if anything of distinction in the professional literature, being noted rather for his shrill op-ed pieces and indiscriminate denunciations of virtually every finding of mainstream climate science." In 2009 <mask> responded in a Washington Examiner Op-Ed, saying that the IPCC had subverted the peer review process, and adding the IPCC had "left out plenty of peer-reviewed science that it found inconveniently disagreeable." International Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Working Group in 2007 <mask> was one of hundreds of US reviewers composing the International Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Working Group in 2007.Although the Greening Earth Society was generally skeptical of the impact of climate change, it acknowledged some degree of global warming as real: "Fact #1. The rate of global warming during the past several decades has been about 0.18°C per decade". Note that the actual increase in the global surface temperature during the 100 years ending in 2005 was 0.74 ± 0.18 °C. Climate scientist Tom Wigley, a lead author of parts of the report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, has stated that "<mask>' statements on the subject of computer models are a catalog of misrepresentation and misinterpretation … Many of the supposedly factual statements made in <mask>' testimony are either inaccurate or are seriously misleading." Funding from energy or fossil fuel companies In 2006, a Colorado energy cooperative, the Intermountain Rural Electric Association, had given <mask> $100,000. An Associated Press report said that the donations had been made after <mask> had "told Western business leaders ... that he was running out of money for his analyses of other scientists' global warming research" and noted that the cooperative had a vested interest in opposing mandatory carbon dioxide caps, a situation that raised conflict of interest concerns. <mask> said on CNN that 40 percent of his funding came from the oil industry.According to Fred Pearce, fossil fuel companies have helped fund <mask>' projects, including his World Climate Report, published every year since 1994, and his "advocacy science consulting firm", New Hope Environmental Services. A 2005 article published by the Seattle Times reported that <mask> had received more than $165,000 in fuel-industry funding, including money from the coal industry to publish his own climate journal. Selected publications <mask> is the author of several books including: Sound and Fury: The Science and Politics of Global Warming (1992), Satanic Gases (2002; as coauthor), Meltdown: The Predictable Distortion of Global Warming by Scientists, Politicians and the Media (2004), published by the Cato Institute, and Shattered Consensus: The True State of Global Warming (2005; as editor and coauthor). His writing has been published in major scientific journals, including Climate Research, Climatic Change, Geophysical Research Letters, Journal of Climate, Nature, and Science, as well as in popular serials such as the Washington Post, Washington Times, Los Angeles Times, USA Today, Houston Chronicle, and Journal of Commerce. He was an author of the climate "paper of the year" awarded by the Association of American Geographers in 2004. Science papers and technical comments "Revised 21st century temperature projections", <mask><mask>, Paul C. Knappenberger, Oliver W. Frauenfeld and Robert E. Davis, Climate Research, Vol. 23: 1–9, 2002.Books See also Notable individuals of the Cato Institute References External links Chief Editor profile, World Climate Report Biography, University of Virginia Biography, Cato Institute "How to Manufacture a Climate Consensus", op-ed by <mask> at the Wall Street Journal, published 12/17/2009 <mask>, Climate Change, and Censorship 1950 births Living people American climatologists American lobbyists Cato Institute people Environmental controversies People from Berwyn, Illinois University of Chicago alumni University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni University of Virginia faculty

<mask> is the son of <mask><mask> was an American former agricultural climatologist. <mask> was a senior fellow at the institute. He was a professor at the University of Virginia from 1980 to 2007. The scientific consensus on ozone depletion was attacked by him and Fred Singer. He joined the Cato Institute, a libertarian think-tank founded by Charles and David Koch, and received significant funding from the fossil fuel industry both directly and through front groups. Policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are called "Obamunism" by him.He was a past president of the American Association of State Climatologists. He has written a number of books and papers denying or minimizing climate change, including Sound and Fury: The Science and Politics of Global Warming (1992), The Satanic Gases (2000), and Meltdown: The Predictable Distortion of Global Warming by Scientists, Politicians, and the Media 2004. He is the co-author of Climate of Extremes: Global Warming Science They Don't Want You to Know. <mask> argued in a 2002 article in the journal Climate Research that the planet will see a warming range of 1.3– 3.0C with a central value of 1.9C. An A.B. was obtained by <mask>. In 1971 there was an S.M. in biological science. He obtained his PhD in ecology from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1979.His thesis was about crop yields in North America. <mask> and Fred Singer wrote articles for the Washington Times rejecting the scientific consensus on ozone depletion. He made arguments on the subject in 2000. <mask> does not contest the basic scientific principles behind greenhouse warming and acknowledges that the global mean temperature has increased in recent decades. According to Michael E. Mann, he is a "prominent climate change contrarian." He believes that the changes may be beneficial. A 2002 article published in the journal Climate Research by <mask> and three other scholars has predicted a warming range of 1.3– 3.0C, with a central value of 1.9C.He came to the conclusion that the climate feedback system was weaker than he had been led to believe, setting his views apart from the estimates of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. According to a report authored by <mask> in 2009, Congress should not pass any legislation that restricts emissions of carbon dioxide, repeals current ethanol mandates, or informs the public about how little climate change would be prevented by proposed legislation. <mask> stated on Fox News that "probably half, maybe half of that nine-tenths of the degree of total warming might be caused by greenhouse gases." Climate Feedback wrote of <mask>' assertion, "no evidence or research is provided to support this claim, which is contrary to the published scientific literature." In May 1994 Richard Lindzen, <mask>, and Robert Balling were an expert witness for the Western Fuels Association. The Western Fuels Association uses collective advocacy to represent industry interests. The World Climate Report was first published by the Greening Earth Society.The Western Fuels Association is an association of coal-burning utility companies. The group was created by the coal industry. A society staffer named Fred Palmer is a lobbyist for a coal company. The group was founded in 1997 as a vehicle for advocacy on climate change, the environmental impact of CO2, and fossil fuel use. John Holdren was the director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy. In a Washington Examiner Op-Ed in 2009, <mask> said that the IPCC had left out a lot of peer-reviewed science that was inconveniently disagreeable. The International Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Working Group was composed of hundreds of US reviewers.The Greening Earth Society acknowledged that some degree of global warming is real. The rate of global warming over the past several decades has been about 0.18C per decade. During the 100 years ending in 2005, the global surface temperature increased by 0.74 0.18 C. Climate scientist Tom Wigley, a lead author of parts of the report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, stated that "<mask>' statements on the subject of computer models are a catalog of misrepresentation and misinterpretation." In 2006 a Colorado energy cooperative gave <mask> $100,000. According to an Associated Press report, the donations had been made after <mask> told Western business leaders that he was running out of money for his analyses of other scientists' global warming research. According to <mask>, 40 percent of his funding came from the oil industry.Fossil fuel companies have helped fund <mask>' projects, including his World Climate Report, which was published every year since 1994. The Seattle Times reported in 2005 that <mask> had received more than $165,000 in funding from the fuel industry and the coal industry to publish his own journal. <mask> is the author of several books, including Sound and Fury: The Science and Politics of Global Warming (1992), Satanic Gases (2001), and Meltdown: The Predictable Distortion of Global Warming by Scientists, Politicians and the Media (2004). His writing has been published in major scientific journals, including Climate Research, Climatic Change, Geophysical Research Letters, Journal of Climate, Nature, and Science, as well as in popular serials such as the Washington Post, Washington Times, Los Angeles Times, USA Today, Houston Chronicle, and The Association of American Geographers awarded him a "paper of the year" in 2004. <mask><mask> wrote a paper on "Revised 21st century temperature projections". The year 2002The Chief Editor profile, World Climate Report Biography, University of Virginia Biography, and the op-ed by <mask> on Climate Change can be found in books.

16874898

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ%20Fokis

DJ Fokis

Randy Ellis (born October 30, 1979 in Chicago, Illinois), better known as DJ Fokis "Bull Of Tha Industry" is a hip hop turntablist/producer and owner of PPEG (Pure Product Entertainment Group, LLC.) a music/marketing consulting firm from Chicago, Illinois, U.S. Biography He began his career as a local DJ working with radio stations and running the local DJ battle scene during the late 1990s. DJ Fokis also was a talented graffiti artist known by most of his peers as "Fokis" he went on to have many other aliases such as "Seryus" . At first he studied architecture but the love of music overwhelmed and fascinated him. DJ Fokis in the late 1990s was part of several hip-hop crews including the world renown Chi-Rock Nation where he took part in releasing Chicago Rocks Magazine under supervision of veteran chapter members. DJ Fokis credits himself as a "Triple Threat" DJ. Triple Threat represents the future of turntablism, precisely because they have been so instrumental to its storied past. Though they have championship-level skills at scratching and beat-juggling they also know how to rock a party, produce music and create original compositions with two turntables. They are not just djs, turntablists, producers, musicians or club djs, they encompass all aspects. The early years DJ Fokis as a young child studied in Cincinnati, Ohio under the School for Creative & Performing Arts where he majored in art and studied drama. After returning to Chicago his love of art i.e. Graffiti grew during his high school years. While taking an interest in architecture DJ Fokis was awarded the Chicago Public Schools Newhouse Competition second place award and a summer business internship with a Chicago downtown architecture firm. DJ Fokis skills in Graffiti & Art developed more over time. The introduction to graphic design programs such as Adobe Systems Photoshop & Corel Photo-Paint he used the programs to make a living and support for college. After graduation DJ Fokis created a small sole-proprietorship Graphinheit Studios. The unique name was created by DJ Fokis himself combining the words Graphics and Fahrenheit which translates "Hot Graphics". He soon dissolved the company in 2006 and merge his operations. He incorporated PPEG, LLC. to continue his music career and use his marketing intellect for further his career in the entertainment industry. His creativity can be seen locally and internationally mainly because he was the consulting art director for marketing album covers and promotional materials for Clear Channel. In 2007 DJ Fokis opened his doors to other companies for 3rd Party consultation/marketing services. Most recent clients being Chicago rap group Crucial Conflict, Super-Producer 9th Wonder for The "Dream Merchant 2" Tour and Hustle Period Management home to Roc-A-Fella Records RIAA certified multi-platinum artist Kanye West. Mainstream introduction DJ Fokis gained fame from releasing "I Can Getcha Block Knocked Off" Vol. 1 September 2006 with then newly signed artist Warlord to infamous Death Row Records. The release executive produced By Suge Knight and Big Los was downloaded over 250,000 times from www.djfokis.com in under 2 months. A second release to the debut street album was soon scheduled and to be released in 2007 under a co-venture between DJ Fokis, Warlord and Death Row Records Vice President Big Los. "Still Can Getcha Block Knocked Off" Vol. 2 was released August 7, 2007 worldwide on with global distribution assistance from Apple iTunes, eMusic, Yahoo, and Sony. It received critical acclaim and amassed high scores from online & offline publications. DJ Fokis & Warlord's success of the series will soon be continued with a new series coming soon from both artist no date has been set. Current affairs DJ Fokis on September 25, 2009 recently signed to a New York City based booking agency CEG (Central Entertainment Group). CEG houses the world's top talent ranging from Fabolous, Lil' Kim, Funkmaster Flex, and DJ Whoo Kid. DJ Fokis recently announced that he has confirmed the release for a third installment of the Warlord mixtape entitled: Lord of War: "Still Can Getcha Blocked Knocked Off, Volume 3". It is expected to be released March 2010 with 17 new track from DJ Fokis & Warlord. DJ Fokis has been recently added to a 2010 tour involving the world-famous Ruff Ryders Entertainment the tour launch is expected in January 2010 inside the continental United States. Philanthropy DJ Fokis established a non-profit organization entitled The F.O.K.I.S. Foundation the acronym standing for Finding Outstanding Kids In School. This organization was founded to be a cornerstone for kids in an inner city school that may have a talent or skill that can be enhanced/sculpted. The foundations role will be that of an older member that specializes in that skill the child possess and "shows him/her the ropes". A young aspiring singer may have the opportunity to go to a live recording session with a singer, songwriter, or producer and see first hand how things work. A young dancer, to a ballet studio, etc. Awards & credentials 2007-2008 "Hard DJ Work Award" Midwest Category 2nd Annual Thermal Awards WHCR 90.3 FM New York City, New York 2000-2001 Disco Mix Club (DMC) American Battleground Chicago Regional Finalist 1999-2000 Vestax Guitar Center 1st Round Advance Winner 1999-2000 Shure Blaze Battle Finalist 1997-1998 Heavyweights DJ Competition Finalist Discography DJ Fokis Presents: Pure Product: Volume 3.0 January, 1998 Reborn Hustler (DJ Fokis & Spree Israel) December, 2004 Death Row Records Presents: I Can Getcha Block Knocked Off Volume: 1 (DJ Fokis & Warlord) September, 2006 Still Can Getcha Block Knocked Off, Volume 2 (DJ Fokis & Warlord) August, 2007 Reborn Hustler: The Reissue (Bonus Track Version) January, 2008 Bullacratic DJ Fokis Debut Album (Label:TBA) ''Lord of War: Still Can Getcha Block Knocked Off, Volume 3 (DJ Fokis & Walord) March, 2010 Notes RollingOut.com Interview - January, 2009 Sixshot.com "Sixshot Spinners" Interview - April, 2008 Streethop.com "Jack Of All Trades" (3 Part Interview) - July, 2007 Streethop.com Album Review for "Still Can Getcha Block Knocked Off" Volume: 2 - July, 2007 Westcoast Aftershock "Still Can Getcha Block Knocked Off" Volume 2 Album Review - July, 2007 G-Funk Music Inc. "I Can Getcha Block Knocked Off" Volume: 1 Feature Album - March, 2006 Wildstyle Shop & Magazine - The Hip Hop Culture Online Magazine Berlin, Germany - November, 2006 External links Official Website BullyTV on Youtube Twitter for DJ Fokis 1979 births African-American DJs American hip hop DJs Mixtape DJs Record producers from Illinois Hip hop record producers Living people Musicians from Chicago Musicians from Illinois 21st-century African-American people 20th-century African-American people

Randy Ellis (born October 30, 1979 in Chicago, Illinois), better known as <mask>s "Bull Of Tha Industry" is a hip hop turntablist/producer and owner of PPEG (Pure Product Entertainment Group, LLC.) a music/marketing consulting firm from Chicago, Illinois, U.S. Biography He began his career as a local DJ working with radio stations and running the local DJ battle scene during the late 1990s. <mask>s also was a talented graffiti artist known by most of his peers as "Fokis" he went on to have many other aliases such as "Seryus" . At first he studied architecture but the love of music overwhelmed and fascinated him. <mask>s in the late 1990s was part of several hip-hop crews including the world renown Chi-Rock Nation where he took part in releasing Chicago Rocks Magazine under supervision of veteran chapter members. <mask>s credits himself as a "Triple Threat" DJ.Triple Threat represents the future of turntablism, precisely because they have been so instrumental to its storied past. Though they have championship-level skills at scratching and beat-juggling they also know how to rock a party, produce music and create original compositions with two turntables. They are not just djs, turntablists, producers, musicians or club djs, they encompass all aspects. The early years <mask>s as a young child studied in Cincinnati, Ohio under the School for Creative & Performing Arts where he majored in art and studied drama. After returning to Chicago his love of art i.e. Graffiti grew during his high school years. While taking an interest in architecture DJ Fokis was awarded the Chicago Public Schools Newhouse Competition second place award and a summer business internship with a Chicago downtown architecture firm.<mask>s skills in Graffiti & Art developed more over time. The introduction to graphic design programs such as Adobe Systems Photoshop & Corel Photo-Paint he used the programs to make a living and support for college. After graduation <mask>s created a small sole-proprietorship Graphinheit Studios. The unique name was created by <mask> himself combining the words Graphics and Fahrenheit which translates "Hot Graphics". He soon dissolved the company in 2006 and merge his operations. He incorporated PPEG, LLC. to continue his music career and use his marketing intellect for further his career in the entertainment industry.His creativity can be seen locally and internationally mainly because he was the consulting art director for marketing album covers and promotional materials for Clear Channel. In 2007 <mask>s opened his doors to other companies for 3rd Party consultation/marketing services. Most recent clients being Chicago rap group Crucial Conflict, Super-Producer 9th Wonder for The "Dream Merchant 2" Tour and Hustle Period Management home to Roc-A-Fella Records RIAA certified multi-platinum artist Kanye West. Mainstream introduction <mask> gained fame from releasing "I Can Getcha Block Knocked Off" Vol. 1 September 2006 with then newly signed artist Warlord to infamous Death Row Records. The release executive produced By Suge Knight and Big Los was downloaded over 250,000 times from www.djfokis.com in under 2 months. A second release to the debut street album was soon scheduled and to be released in 2007 under a co-venture between <mask>, Warlord and Death Row Records Vice President Big Los."Still Can Getcha Block Knocked Off" Vol. 2 was released August 7, 2007 worldwide on with global distribution assistance from Apple iTunes, eMusic, Yahoo, and Sony. It received critical acclaim and amassed high scores from online & offline publications. <mask>okis & Warlord's success of the series will soon be continued with a new series coming soon from both artist no date has been set. Current affairs <mask>s on September 25, 2009 recently signed to a New York City based booking agency CEG (Central Entertainment Group). CEG houses the world's top talent ranging from Fabolous, Lil' Kim, Funkmaster Flex, and <mask>o Kid. <mask> recently announced that he has confirmed the release for a third installment of the Warlord mixtape entitled: Lord of War: "Still Can Getcha Blocked Knocked Off, Volume 3".It is expected to be released March 2010 with 17 new track from <mask>s & Warlord. <mask> has been recently added to a 2010 tour involving the world-famous Ruff Ryders Entertainment the tour launch is expected in January 2010 inside the continental United States. Philanthropy <mask>s established a non-profit organization entitled The F.O.K.I.S. Foundation the acronym standing for Finding Outstanding Kids In School. This organization was founded to be a cornerstone for kids in an inner city school that may have a talent or skill that can be enhanced/sculpted. The foundations role will be that of an older member that specializes in that skill the child possess and "shows him/her the ropes". A young aspiring singer may have the opportunity to go to a live recording session with a singer, songwriter, or producer and see first hand how things work.A young dancer, to a ballet studio, etc.

<mask>s "Bull Of Tha Industry" is a hip hop turntablist and owner of PPEG. The firm is from Chicago, Illinois. He started his career as a local DJ and ran the local DJ battle scene. <mask> was a talented graffiti artist known by most of his peers as "Fokis" he went on to have many other aliases such as "Seryus" The love of music made him want to study architecture. In the late 1990s, <mask> was a member of several hip-hop crews, including Chi- Rock Nation, which released Chicago Rocks Magazine under the supervision of veteran chapter members. <mask> claims to be a "Triple Threat" DJ.Triple Threat is the future of turntablism because they have been so involved in the past. They know how to rock a party, produce music and create original compositions with two turntables, even though they have championship-level skills at scratching and beat-juggling. They are more than just djs, turntablists, producers, musicians or club djs. <mask>s studied at the School for Creative & Performing Arts in Cincinnati, Ohio where he majored in art and drama. He returned to Chicago with his love of art. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 DJ Fokis was awarded the Chicago Public Schools Newhouse Competition second place award and a summer business internship with a Chicago downtown architecture firm while taking an interest in architecture.<mask>s skills in Graffiti grew over time. He used the programs to make a living and support his college education. <mask>s created a small studio. <mask>s combined the words Graphics and Fahrenheit to create a unique name. He merged his operations after dissolving the company. PPEG, LLC was incorporated by him. He needs to continue his music career and use his marketing knowledge to further his career in the entertainment industry.He was the consulting art director for marketing album covers and promotional materials for Clear Channel and his creativity can be seen locally and internationally. <mask> opened his doors to other companies. Chicago rap group Crucial Conflict, Super-Producer 9th Wonder for The "Dream Merchant 2 Tour" and Hustle Period Management are some of the recent clients. "I Can Getcha Block Knocked Off" was released by <mask>. The artist was signed to Death Row Records. The release executive produced by Suge Knight and Big Los was downloaded hundreds of thousands of times. <mask> and Death Row Records Vice President Big Los formed a partnership to release a second street album in 2007."Still can getcha block knocked off" On August 7, 2007, 2 was released worldwide with global distribution assistance from Apple, Yahoo, and Sony. It received high scores from online and offline publications. DJ Fokis & Warlord's success of the series will soon be continued with a new series coming soon from both artists. <mask>s signed with a New York City based booking agency. Fabolous and <mask>o Kid are two of the world's top talent. <mask> recently announced that he has confirmed the release for a third part of the Warlord project entitled: Lord of War: "Still Can Getcha Blocked Knocked Off, Volume 3."It will have 17 new tracks from <mask>s & Warlord. The launch of <mask>' 2010 tour is expected in January 2010 in the continental United States. <mask>okis started a non-profit organization called The F.O.K.I.S. The acronym stands for Finding Outstanding Kids In School. This organization was founded to help kids in an inner city school that may have a talent or skill that can be improved. An older member that specializes in that skill the child possess will be the foundation's role. A young aspiring singer may have the chance to go to a live recording session with a singer, songwriter, or producer and see first hand how things work.A young dancer is going to a ballet studio.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.%20H.%20Harriman

E. H. Harriman

Edward Henry Harriman (February 20, 1848 – September 9, 1909) was an American financier and railroad executive. Early life Harriman was born on February 20, 1848, in Hempstead, New York, the son of Orlando Harriman, Sr., an Episcopal clergyman, and Cornelia Neilson. He had a brother, Orlando Harriman, Jr. His great-grandfather, William Harriman, had emigrated from England in 1795 and became a successful businessman and trader. As a young boy, Harriman spent a summer working at the Greenwood Iron Furnace in the area owned by the Robert Parker Parrott family that would become Harriman State Park. He quit school at age 14 to take a job as an errand boy on Wall Street in New York City. His uncle Oliver Harriman had earlier established a career there. By age 22, he was a member of the New York Stock Exchange. Career Harriman's father-in-law was president of the Ogdensburg and Lake Champlain Railroad Company, which aroused Harriman's interest in upstate New York transportation. In 1881, at age 33, Harriman acquired the small, broken-down Lake Ontario Southern Railroad. He renamed it the Sodus Bay & Southern, reorganized it, and sold it to the Pennsylvania Railroad at a considerable profit. This was the start of his career as a rebuilder of bankrupt railroads. Harriman was nearly 50 years old when in 1897 he became a director of the Union Pacific Railroad. By May 1898, he was chairman of the executive committee, and from that time until his death, his word was the law on the Union Pacific system. In 1903, he assumed the office of president of the company. From 1901 to 1909, Harriman was also the president of the Southern Pacific Railroad. The vision of a unified UP/SP railroad was planted with Harriman. (The UP and SP were reunited on September 11, 1996, a month after the Surface Transportation Board approved their merger.) At the time of his death Harriman controlled the Union Pacific, the Southern Pacific, the Saint Joseph and Grand Island, the Illinois Central, the Central of Georgia, the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, and the Wells Fargo Express Company. Estimates of his estate ranged from $150 million to $200 million. That fortune was left entirely to his wife. Harriman Alaska expedition In 1899, Harriman sponsored and accompanied a scientific expedition to catalog the flora and fauna of the Alaska coastline. Many prominent scientists and naturalists went on the expedition, aboard the luxuriously refitted steamer SS George W. Elder. Interest in ju-jitsu Harriman became interested in ju-jitsu after his two-month visit to Japan in 1905. When he returned to America, he brought with him a troupe of six Japanese ju-jitsu wrestlers, including the prominent judokas Tsunejiro Tomita and Mitsuyo Maeda. Among many performances, the troupe gave an exhibition that drew some 600 spectators in the Columbia University gymnasium on February 7, 1905. Personal life In 1879, Harriman married Mary Williamson Averell, daughter of William J. Averell, a banker in Ogdensburg, New York. Together they had six children: Mary Harriman (1881–1934), who married Charles Cary Rumsey (1879–1922), a sculptor, in 1910. Henry Neilson Harriman (1883–1888), who died young. Cornelia Harriman (1884–1966), who married Robert Livingston Gerry, Sr. (1877–1957) in 1908. Carol Averell Harriman (1889–1948), who married Richard Penn Smith, Jr. (1893–1929) in 1917. After his death, she married W. Plunket Stewart, who had previously been married and divorced from Elsie Cassatt, the daughter of Alexander Cassatt, in 1930. William Averell Harriman (1891-1986), the Secretary of Commerce under President Harry S. Truman, the 48th Governor of New York, the U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union and U.S. Ambassador to Britain. He was married three times: First to Kitty Lanier Lawrance (from 1915 until their divorce in 1929), then Marie Norton Whitney (from 1930 until her death in 1970), then lastly Pamela Beryl Digby Churchill Hayward (from 1971 until his death in 1986) Edward Roland Noel Harriman (1895–1978), who married Gladys Fries (1896–1983) in 1917. Harriman died on September 9, 1909, at his home, Arden, at 1:30 p.m. at age 61. Naturalist John Muir, who had joined him on the 1899 Alaska expedition, wrote in his eulogy of Harriman, "In almost every way, he was a man to admire." Harriman was buried at the St. John's Episcopal Church cemetery in the hamlet of Arden, near his estate. Harriman estate In 1885, Harriman acquired "Arden", the Parrott family estate in the Ramapo Highlands near Tuxedo, New York, for $52,500. The property had been a source of charcoal for the Parrott Brothers Iron Works. Over the next several years he purchased almost 40 nearby parcels of land, adding , and connected all of them with of bridle paths. His residence, Arden House, was completed just seven months before he died. In the early 1900s, his sons W. Averell Harriman and E. Roland Harriman hired landscape architect Arthur P. Kroll to landscape many acres. In 1910, his widow donated to the state of New York for Harriman State Park. The estate was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1966. Legacy Award In 1913, his widow created the E. H. Harriman Award to recognize outstanding achievements in railway safety. The award has been presented on an annual basis since then. Stephen Birmingham writes in the book Our Crowd that "Ned" Harriman was considered one of the most disagreeable men of his period. The book quotes James Stillman of the National City Bank calling him "not a safe man to do business with, yet the Illinois Central run by Harriman was one of the best-run and most profitable in the country." Namesakes Harriman, New York The Union Pacific Harriman Dispatch Center in Omaha, Nebraska is named for Edward H. Harriman. Harriman Glacier in Alaska's Chugach National Forest, located in Whittier, Alaska, was named for him by the Harriman Alaska expedition Two post offices in Oregon were named for Harriman, including the one at Rocky Point, where he maintained a summer camp for several years. Financial and business publisher Harriman House is named after Harriman. The city of Sparks, Nevada, was known as Harriman during its early existence. Harriman State Park in Tuxedo, New York Harriman State Park in Island Park, Idaho Places built using funds donated from his sponsorship or estate Harriman founded the Tompkins Square Boys' Club, now known as The Boys' Club of New York. The original club, founded in 1876, was located in the rented basement of the Wilson School in Manhattan's Lower East Side, and began with three boys. Harriman's idea for the club was to provide a place "for the boys, so as to get them off the streets and teach them better manners." By 1901, the club had outgrown its space. Harriman purchased several lots on 10th and Avenue A, and a five-story clubhouse was completed in 1901. Inheritance taxes from Harriman's estate, in the amount of $798,546 paid by his widow on March 1, 1911, to the State of Utah, helped fund the construction of the state's capital. Notable quotations "Much good work is lost for the lack of a little more." "Cooperation means 'Do as I say, and do it damn quick.'" In popular culture Harriman is the topic of a verse in the song "The Yama Yama Man" (1908). Mister Harriman to-day, Thinks he'll have to change his dish. Fridays he says he'll stick to meat, For he's getting sick of "Fish". It concerns the war of succession with Stuyvesant Fish over the Illinois Central Railroad around 1906. He is also mentioned in the 1989 song "Roadside Flowers", by New Jersey indie rock band Winter Hours. The line states "This is Mister Harriman, he built his stakes on railroad blood." Harriman is mentioned in the movie Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969), as the commercial baron whose agents become the title characters' nemeses. In the film's second train robbery, a railroad employee ascribes his refusal to cooperate with the robbery to his obligations to Harriman personally, and one of Butch and Sundance's intimates describes Harriman's hiring of famed outlaw-hunters to track down the gang's leaders. In the movie The Wild Bunch (1969), a railroad official named "Harrigan" takes the same strategy. Harriman is a playable character in the video game series Railroad Tycoon See also List of railroad executives References Further reading Haeg, Larry, Harriman vs Hill: Wall Street's Great Railroad War, University of Minnesota Press, 2013 Hofsommer, Don L. "For Territorial Dominion in California and the Pacific Northwest: Edward H. Harriman and James J. Hill." California History 70.1 (1991): 30-45. DOI: 10.2307/25158551 Hofsommer, Don L. "Rivals for California: The Great Northern and the Southern Pacific, 1905-1931." Montana: The Magazine of Western History 38.2 (1988): 58-67. Hofsommer, Don L. Minneapolis and the age of railways (2005) Kahn, Otto H., Edward Henry Harriman (1911), reprinted as "The Last Figure of an Epoch: Edward Henry Harriman," in Our Economic and Other Problems (1920) Klein, Maury. The Life & Legend of EH Harriman (U of North Carolina Press, 2000), The standard scholarly biography Also see Northern Securities Co. v. United States. Muir, John, Edward Henry Harriman (1911) Myles, William J., Harriman Trails, A Guide and History, The New York-New Jersey Trail Conference, New York, N.Y., 1999 "In the Matter of Consolidations and Combinations of Carriers," Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, XII (1908) Articles and estimates of his life and work in Cosmopolitan, Mar. 1903, July 1909; Moody's Mag., Oct. 1906, Oct. 1909; Am. Rev. of Revs., Jan. 1907, Oct. 1909; McClure's Mag., Oct. 1909, Jan. 1911; N. Y. Times and N. Y. Sun, September 10, 1909; Railway World, September 17, 1909. External links University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections – Harriman Alaska Expedition of 1899 254 photographs from 1899 of Edward Harriman's scientific expedition to Alaska, including images of Alaskan Native Americans and their villages, scenic views of the coastline, glaciers and Alaskan towns. 1848 births 1909 deaths 19th-century American railroad executives American people of English descent Philanthropists from New York (state) 20th-century American railroad executives Explorers of Alaska People from Klamath County, Oregon People from Hempstead (village), New York Southern Pacific Railroad people Union Pacific Railroad people 19th-century American landowners People from Tuxedo, New York Harriman family 20th-century American landowners

<mask> (February 20, 1848 – September 9, 1909) was an American financier and railroad executive. Early life <mask>man was born on February 20, 1848, in Hempstead, New York, the son of <mask>, Sr., an Episcopal clergyman, and Cornelia Neilson. He had a brother, <mask>, Jr. His great-grandfather, <mask>, had emigrated from England in 1795 and became a successful businessman and trader. As a young boy, <mask>man spent a summer working at the Greenwood Iron Furnace in the area owned by the Robert Parker Parrott family that would become Harriman State Park. He quit school at age 14 to take a job as an errand boy on Wall Street in New York City. His uncle <mask> had earlier established a career there. By age 22, he was a member of the New York Stock Exchange.Career <mask>man's father-in-law was president of the Ogdensburg and Lake Champlain Railroad Company, which aroused <mask>rriman's interest in upstate New York transportation. In 1881, at age 33, <mask>rriman acquired the small, broken-down Lake Ontario Southern Railroad. He renamed it the Sodus Bay & Southern, reorganized it, and sold it to the Pennsylvania Railroad at a considerable profit. This was the start of his career as a rebuilder of bankrupt railroads. <mask>rriman was nearly 50 years old when in 1897 he became a director of the Union Pacific Railroad. By May 1898, he was chairman of the executive committee, and from that time until his death, his word was the law on the Union Pacific system. In 1903, he assumed the office of president of the company.From 1901 to 1909, <mask>rriman was also the president of the Southern Pacific Railroad. The vision of a unified UP/SP railroad was planted with <mask>rriman. (The UP and SP were reunited on September 11, 1996, a month after the Surface Transportation Board approved their merger.) At the time of his death <mask>man controlled the Union Pacific, the Southern Pacific, the Saint Joseph and Grand Island, the Illinois Central, the Central of Georgia, the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, and the Wells Fargo Express Company. Estimates of his estate ranged from $150 million to $200 million. That fortune was left entirely to his wife. <mask>rriman Alaska expedition In 1899, <mask>rriman sponsored and accompanied a scientific expedition to catalog the flora and fauna of the Alaska coastline.Many prominent scientists and naturalists went on the expedition, aboard the luxuriously refitted steamer SS George W. <mask>. Interest in ju-jitsu <mask>man became interested in ju-jitsu after his two-month visit to Japan in 1905. When he returned to America, he brought with him a troupe of six Japanese ju-jitsu wrestlers, including the prominent judokas Tsunejiro Tomita and Mitsuyo Maeda. Among many performances, the troupe gave an exhibition that drew some 600 spectators in the Columbia University gymnasium on February 7, 1905. Personal life In 1879, <mask>man married Mary Williamson Averell, daughter of William J. Averell, a banker in Ogdensburg, New York. Together they had six children: <mask> (1881–1934), who married Charles Cary Rumsey (1879–1922), a sculptor, in 1910. <mask> <mask> (1883–1888), who died young.Cornelia <mask> (1884–1966), who married Robert Livingston Gerry, Sr. (1877–1957) in 1908. Carol Averell <mask> (1889–1948), who married Richard Penn Smith, Jr. (1893–1929) in 1917. After his death, she married W. Plunket Stewart, who had previously been married and divorced from <mask>, the daughter of Alexander Cassatt, in 1930. William Averell <mask> (1891-1986), the Secretary of Commerce under President <mask>. Truman, the 48th Governor of New York, the U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union and U.S. Ambassador to Britain. He was married three times: First to Kitty Lanier Lawrance (from 1915 until their divorce in 1929), then Marie Norton Whitney (from 1930 until her death in 1970), then lastly Pamela Beryl Digby <mask> (from 1971 until his death in 1986) <mask> <mask> (1895–1978), who married Gladys Fries (1896–1983) in 1917.<mask>man died on September 9, 1909, at his home, Arden, at 1:30 p.m. at age 61. Naturalist John Muir, who had joined him on the 1899 Alaska expedition, wrote in his eulogy of <mask>rriman, "In almost every way, he was a man to admire." <mask>man was buried at the St. John's Episcopal Church cemetery in the hamlet of Arden, near his estate. Harriman estate In 1885, <mask>man acquired "Arden", the Parrott family estate in the Ramapo Highlands near Tuxedo, New York, for $52,500. The property had been a source of charcoal for the Parrott Brothers Iron Works. Over the next several years he purchased almost 40 nearby parcels of land, adding , and connected all of them with of bridle paths. His residence, Arden House, was completed just seven months before he died.In the early 1900s, his sons W. Averell <mask> and E. Roland <mask> hired landscape architect Arthur P. Kroll to landscape many acres. In 1910, his widow donated to the state of New York for Harriman State Park. The estate was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1966. Legacy Award In 1913, his widow created the E. H. <mask>man Award to recognize outstanding achievements in railway safety. The award has been presented on an annual basis since then. Stephen Birmingham writes in the book Our Crowd that "Ned" <mask>man was considered one of the most disagreeable men of his period. The book quotes James Stillman of the National City Bank calling him "not a safe man to do business with, yet the Illinois Central run by <mask>rriman was one of the best-run and most profitable in the country."Namesakes <mask>rriman, New York The Union Pacific Harriman Dispatch Center in Omaha, Nebraska is named for <mask><mask>man. <mask>rriman Glacier in Alaska's Chugach National Forest, located in Whittier, Alaska, was named for him by the Harriman Alaska expedition Two post offices in Oregon were named for <mask>man, including the one at Rocky Point, where he maintained a summer camp for several years. Financial and business publisher Harriman House is named after <mask>rriman. The city of Sparks, Nevada, was known as Harriman during its early existence. Harriman State Park in Tuxedo, New York Harriman State Park in Island Park, Idaho Places built using funds donated from his sponsorship or estate <mask>man founded the Tompkins Square Boys' Club, now known as The Boys' Club of New York. The original club, founded in 1876, was located in the rented basement of the Wilson School in Manhattan's Lower East Side, and began with three boys. <mask>man's idea for the club was to provide a place "for the boys, so as to get them off the streets and teach them better manners."By 1901, the club had outgrown its space. <mask>man purchased several lots on 10th and Avenue A, and a five-story clubhouse was completed in 1901. Inheritance taxes from <mask>rriman's estate, in the amount of $798,546 paid by his widow on March 1, 1911, to the State of Utah, helped fund the construction of the state's capital. Notable quotations "Much good work is lost for the lack of a little more." "Cooperation means 'Do as I say, and do it damn quick.'" In popular culture <mask>rriman is the topic of a verse in the song "The Yama Yama Man" (1908). Mister <mask>man to-day, Thinks he'll have to change his dish.Fridays he says he'll stick to meat, For he's getting sick of "Fish". It concerns the war of succession with Stuyvesant Fish over the Illinois Central Railroad around 1906. He is also mentioned in the 1989 song "Roadside Flowers", by New Jersey indie rock band Winter Hours. The line states "This is <mask>man, he built his stakes on railroad blood." <mask>man is mentioned in the movie Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969), as the commercial baron whose agents become the title characters' nemeses. In the film's second train robbery, a railroad employee ascribes his refusal to cooperate with the robbery to his obligations to <mask>rriman personally, and one of Butch and Sundance's intimates describes <mask>rriman's hiring of famed outlaw-hunters to track down the gang's leaders. In the movie The Wild Bunch (1969), a railroad official named "<mask>" takes the same strategy.<mask>rriman is a playable character in the video game series Railroad Tycoon See also List of railroad executives References Further reading <mask>, Larry, <mask>rriman vs <mask>: Wall Street's Great Railroad War, University of Minnesota Press, 2013 <mask>, Don L. "For Territorial Dominion in California and the Pacific Northwest: <mask><mask> and James J<mask>." California History 70.1 (1991): 30-45. DOI: 10.2307/25158551 <mask>, Don L. "Rivals for California: The Great Northern and the Southern Pacific, 1905-1931." Montana: The Magazine of Western History 38.2 (1988): 58-67. <mask>, Don L. Minneapolis and the age of railways (2005) Kahn, Otto H., <mask> <mask> (1911), reprinted as "The Last Figure of an Epoch: <mask> <mask>," in Our Economic and Other Problems (1920) Klein, Maury. The Life & Legend of EH <mask> (U of North Carolina Press, 2000), The standard scholarly biography Also see Northern Securities Co. v. United States.Muir, John, <mask> <mask>man (1911) Myles, William J., Harriman Trails, A Guide and History, The New York-New Jersey Trail Conference, New York, N.Y., 1999 "In the Matter of Consolidations and Combinations of Carriers," Interstate Commerce Commission Reports, XII (1908) Articles and estimates of his life and work in Cosmopolitan, Mar. 1903, July 1909; Moody's Mag., Oct. 1906, Oct. 1909; Am. Rev. of Revs., Jan. 1907, Oct. 1909; McClure's Mag., Oct. 1909, Jan. 1911; N. Y. Times and N. Y. Sun, September 10, 1909; Railway World, September 17, 1909. External links University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections – Harriman Alaska Expedition of 1899 254 photographs from 1899 of <mask>'s scientific expedition to Alaska, including images of Alaskan Native Americans and their villages, scenic views of the coastline, glaciers and Alaskan towns.1848 births 1909 deaths 19th-century American railroad executives American people of English descent Philanthropists from New York (state) 20th-century American railroad executives Explorers of Alaska People from Klamath County, Oregon People from Hempstead (village), New York Southern Pacific Railroad people Union Pacific Railroad people 19th-century American landowners People from Tuxedo, New York Harriman family 20th-century American landowners

<mask> was an American financier and railroad executive. The son of an Episcopal clergyman and a woman was born on February 20, 1848 in New York. He had a brother who was a successful businessman and trader. When he was a young boy, he worked at the Greenwood Iron Furnace in the area that would become Harriman State Park. He quit school at the age of 14 to work as an errand boy on Wall Street. His uncle had a career there. He joined the New York Stock Exchange at the age of 22.<mask>rriman's interest in upstate New York transportation was aroused by the fact that his father-in-law was the president of the Ogdensburg and Lake Champlain Railroad Company. The Lake Ontario Southern Railroad was acquired by <mask>man at the age of 33. He renamed it the Sodus Bay & Southern, reorganized it, and sold it to the Pennsylvania Railroad. This was the beginning of his career as a rebuilder of bankrupt railroads. In 1897, he became the director of the Union Pacific Railroad. His word was the law on the Union Pacific system until his death, after he was chairman of the executive committee. He was the president of the company in 1903.He was the president of the Southern Pacific Railroad from 1901 to 1909. The vision of a unified UP/SP railroad was planted. The Surface Transportation Board approved the merger of the UP and SP on September 11, 1996. The Union Pacific, the Southern Pacific, the Saint Joseph and Grand Island, the Illinois Central, the Central of Georgia, the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, and the Wells Fargo Express Company were all controlled by <mask>man at the time of his death. His estate was estimated to be between $150 million and $200 million. He left his fortune to his wife. In 1899, <mask>man sponsored and accompanied a scientific expedition to catalog the flora and fauna of the Alaska coastline.The steamer George W. <mask> was used by many prominent scientists on the expedition. After his two-month visit to Japan in 1905, <mask>man became interested in ju-jitsu. When he returned to America, he brought with him a group of Japanese ju-jitsu wrestlers. 600 people watched an exhibition by the troupe in the Columbia University gymnasium on February 7, 1905. Mary Averell, daughter of William J. Averell, was married to <mask>man in 1879. They had six children, including <mask>, who married Charles Cary Rumsey in 1910. He died young.Robert Livingston Gerry, Sr. was married to Cornelia <mask> in 1908. Carol Averell <mask> married Richard Penn Smith, Jr. in 1917. She married W. Plunket Stewart, a man she had previously been married to and divorced from. The Secretary of Commerce under President <mask>. Truman was William Averell <mask>. The ambassador to the U.S. was from the Soviet Union. The ambassador is from Britain. He was married three times, the first to Kitty Lawrance from 1915 until their divorce in 1929, the second to Marie Whitney from 1930 until her death in 1970 and the third to Pamela Digby <mask> from 1971 until his death in 1986.On September 9, 1909, he died at his home at age 61. John Muir, who had joined him on the 1899 Alaska expedition, wrote that he was a man to admire. He was buried at the St. John's Episcopal Church cemetery in the hamlet of Arden. "Arden", the Parrott family estate, was acquired by <mask>rriman in 1885 for $52,500. The property was used as a source of charcoal by the Parrott Brothers Iron Works. He connected almost 40 nearby parcels of land with bridle paths over the next several years. His residence was finished seven months before he died.In the early 1900s, his sons hired a landscape architect. His widow donated to the state of New York in 1910. In 1966 the estate was designated a national historic landmark. The E. H. <mask>rriman Award was created by his widow in 1913. The award is presented on an annual basis. "Ned" <mask>man was considered to be one of the most disagreeable men of his time, according to the book Our Crowd. The book quotes James Stillman of the National City Bank as saying that he was "not a safe man to do business with, yet the Illinois Central run by <mask>rriman was one of the best-run and most profitable in the country."The Union Pacific Dispatch Center in Omaha, Nebraska is named after <mask><mask>. The Glacier in Alaska's Chugach National Forest was named for him, as was the post office in Oregon. The house is named after a publisher. The city of Reno, Nevada, used to be known as <mask>rriman. Places built using funds donated from his sponsorship or estate are in New York and Idaho. Three boys started the club in the basement of the Wilson School on the Lower East Side. The idea of the club was to provide a place for the boys so as to get them off the streets and teach them better manners.The club outgrew its space by 1901. The five-story clubhouse was built in 1901, after <mask>rriman purchased several lots on 10th and Avenue A. The construction of Utah's capital was aided by inheritance taxes paid by his widow on March 1, 1911. "Good work is lost for the lack of a little more." "Doing as I say, and doing it damn quick" is what cooperation means. The Yama Yama Man is the subject of a verse in a song. Mister <mask>man thinks he'll have to change his dish.He's getting sick of "Fish" and will stick to meat on Fridays. The war of succession took place over the Illinois Central Railroad. He is mentioned in a song by Winter Hours. <mask>rriman built his stakes on railroad blood. The commercial baron whose agents become the title characters' nemeses is mentioned in the movie. In the film's second train robbery, a railroad employee ascribes his refusal to cooperate with the robbery to his obligations to <mask>man personally, and one of the intimates describes <mask>man's hiring of famed outlaw-hunters to track down the gang's leaders. "<mask>" is a railroad official in the movie The Wild Bunch.The video game series Railroad Tycoon has a character named <mask> who is a railroad executive. <mask>. California History 70.1 was published in 1991. "Rivals for California: The Great Northern and the Southern Pacific" was written by Don L<mask>. Montana: The Magazine of Western History was published in 1988. "The Last Figure of an Epoch: <mask> <mask>" was published in Our Economic and Other Problems in 1920. The standard scholarly biography is The Life and Legend of <mask> <mask>.The New York-New Jersey Trail Conference, New York, N.Y., "In the Matter of Consolidations and Combinations of 1999" was published by the New York-New Jersey Trail Conference. In July 1909, Moody's Mag., and in October 1906, Am. Rev. Of Revs., Jan. 1907, Oct. 1909, and N. Y. The times are N. Y. Railway World was on September 17, 1909. Images of Alaskan Native Americans and their villages, as well as scenic views of the coastline, glaciers and Alaskan towns, can be found in the University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections.The 19th-century American railroad executives were English people of English descent.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas%20Spencer

Nicholas Spencer

Colonel Nicholas Spencer, Jr. (1633–1689) was a merchant, planter and politician in colonial Virginia. Born in Cople, Bedfordshire, Spencer migrated to the Westmoreland County, Virginia, where he became a planter and which he represented in the Virginia House of Burgesses. Spencer later served as Secretary and President of the Council of the Virginia Colony, and on the departure of his cousin Thomas Colepeper, 2nd Baron Colepeper in 1683, was named Acting Governor (1683–84), in which capacity Spencer served until the arrival of Governor Lord Howard of Effingham. Spencer's role as agent for the Culpepers helped him and his cousin Lt. Col. John Washington, ancestor of George Washington, secure the patent for their joint land grant of the Mount Vernon estate. Early life and migration to Virginia Nicholas Spencer was born to an aristocratic English family long seated at Cople, Bedfordshire. The family was related to the Spencer family of Northamptonshire, with whom they shared a coat of arms. In 1531 the Spencers bought the manor of Rowlands at Cople, which they owned for several centuries. Nicholas Spencer, Sr., father of the Virginia emigrant, and his wife, the former Mary Gostwick, second daughter of Sir Edward Gostwick had several sons, of these William inherited the family estates but died childless after making his heir his nephew, also William, son of his next-brother Nicholas who had moved to Virginia. Another brother, Robert Spencer later removed from Surry County, Virginia, to Talbot County, Maryland, where his descendants long lived at Spencer Hall, the family plantation. Nicholas Spencer moved from London to Westmoreland County, Virginia, in the 1650s, where he served as agent for his cousin John Colepeper, 1st Baron Colepeper. Colepeper had inherited his father's share of ownership in the Virginia Company in 1617, and was subsequently knighted and afterwards raised to the peerage. He became the one-seventh proprietor of the Northern Neck of Virginia under the charter of 1649. Colepeper never lived in the colonies, and his son Thomas Culpeper, 2nd Baron Culpeper of Thoresway, who lived at Leeds Castle, did not arrive in Virginia until 1680. In the meantime Nicholas Spencer had come to Virginia to help oversee his cousin John's investment. Becoming a Virginia administrator and agent On his arrival in the colony, Spencer secured an appointment as a customs collector, in addition to his post as the administrator of his cousin's Virginia estates. (Spencer's job as agent for his Colepeper cousins included such functionary tasks as seizing 'winter beaver skins' or casks of tobacco for debts owed the Colepeper interests). Spencer and John Washington jointly held the post of customs collector on the Potomac. (After Washington's death in 1679, Spencer was sole customs collector on the Potomac.) He also won his own land grant. But Spencer was, unlikely as it sounds, apparently an efficient administrator on his own, later being appointed to additional posts in Virginia by virtue of his abilities. Spencer was apparently a pragmatic administrator. He was also a hard-nosed capitalist. When it came to slavery, for instance, Spencer weighed the benefits of enslaved labor in a strictly cost-benefit way. "The low price of Tobacco," Spencer wrote, "requires it should bee made as cheap as possible, and that Blacks can make it cheaper than Whites." Spencer's rationale for slavery was probably as succinctly heartless as any committed to paper. Spencer's role as an aristocratic bureaucrat in the new colony was a tricky one. He was navigating the shoals of dilemmas which have perplexed a nation for centuries. While simultaneously attempting to rationalize slavery, Spencer was also writing to the Privy Council in England about the Virginia Colony's precarious place on the edge of Catholic Maryland. "Unruly and unorderly spirits lay hold of ye motion of affairs," Spencer wrote, "and that under the pretext of Religion, soe as from those false glasses to pretend to betake themselves to Arms... from the groundless Imaginacon (sic) that the few Papists in Maryland and Virginia had conspired to hyre the Seneca Indians, to ye Cutting off, and totall distroying of all ye Protestants." At the same time, the forces that were propelling the Virginia Colony into the forefront of American economic and social might – primarily the raising of tobacco based on slavery – were simultaneously making Spencer's administrative role tricky. The Virginia colony of the era was, as the eminent colonial historian Edmund S. Morgan wrote, "the volatile society." There were popular uprisings such as Bacon's Rebellion, as well as the tobacco plant-cutting riots. A communication to the Crown in 1674 noted that his opposition to the Bacon Rebellion, for instance, had taken a toll on Spencer's estates. Having done the country "very good service against the Rebells, in that hee affected part of the Country where he resided, and as wee are credibly informed, by his Correspondence here is much Impaired in his Estate by the late Rebells." In 1682 Spencer wrote to London in the wake of the events roiling Virginia. "Bacon's Rebellion," Spencer told colonial overseers in London, "had left an itching behind it". It was "plaine" that the class tensions stirred by the Rebellion had lingered, with a "mutinous mob" subsequently engaged in "wild and extravagant" rioting, going from farm to farm, tearing tobacco plants out by their roots. The Virginia government reacted harshly with militia patrols and the promise of steep fines. The "frenzy," according to Spencer, destroyed crops on over 200 plantations, and was driven by a glutted tobacco market which had depressed prices. Even the wives, Spencer wrote, took up hoes laid down by their husbands and continued to rip out the plants. Such civil disobedience, Nicholas Spencer saw, was the price paid by colonial administrators acting the foil for the empire's merchants back home. When taken with symptoms of illness, Spencer wrote to his brother in England outlining his pains, and asked him to consult an English doctor and send him the diagnosis as quickly as possible. Nor was Spencer's role as his Colepeper cousins' agent an easy job. As landlords of an almost-feudal domain eventually encompassing over five million acres (20,000 km²) in the new colony, the Colepeper Northern Neck grant, eventually passed on to their Fairfax heirs, came to be seen by some colonists as an onerous reminder of English aristocratic privilege. In Colepeper's absence, it fell to their relation Spencer to do the heavy-lifting of collecting rents and taxes on the Colepeper barony. In the meantime, Spencer married Frances, the daughter of Col. John Mottrom of Coan Hall of Northumberland County, Virginia. Mottrom was likely the first white settler of the Northern Neck in the early seventeenth century. He later served as the first Burgess for Northumberland in 1645, and presided over the county court for four years. Mottrom's daughter and her husband Nicholas Spencer named one of their sons, Mottrom, after John Mottrom. Another Spencer son, William, returned to England for schooling and remained there, serving as a Whig Member of Parliament for Bedfordshire. William Spencer, the son of the Virginia emigrant Nicholas, married Lady Catherine Wentworth, daughter of Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Cleveland. (Following the early death of William, his brother Nicholas Jr. returned to England to succeed to the family estates.) Nicholas Spencer was prominent in the affairs of the Virginia colony, residing at his plantation on Nomini Creek. Westmoreland County's Cople Parish, the Anglican parish which embraced half the county, was renamed in 1668 to honor Spencer and his English birthplace at Cople. The Spencer family were connected to the Washington family in England, and later in Virginia. Col. Spencer patented the land grant at Mount Vernon with his friend Lt. Col. John Washington in 1674, with Spencer acting as the go-between in the sale. The successful patent on the acreage was due largely to Spencer, who acted as agent for his cousin Thomas Colepeper, 2nd Baron Colepeper, who controlled the Northern Neck of Virginia, in which the tract lay. Spencer's business interests and later life When John Washington died in 1677, his son Lawrence, George Washington's grandfather, inherited his father's stake in the Mount Vernon property. (Following Col. Nicholas Spencer's death, the Washingtons and the Spencers divided the land grant, with the Spencer heirs taking the larger southern half of the Mount Vernon grant bordering Dogue Creek, and the Washingtons the portion along Little Hunting Creek. The Spencer heirs paid Lawrence Washington 2,500 pounds of tobacco as compensation for their choice.) Later the Washingtons bought out the Spencer interest at Mount Vernon. Aside from acting as agent for the Colepeper interests, Spencer was frequently involved in Virginia Colony business, and he often corresponded with English administrators in London, as well as family members in Bedfordshire and elsewhere. When his cousin Thomas Colepeper departed Virginia in 1683, Spencer was named Acting Governor, in which capacity he served for nine months until the April 1684 arrival of Francis Howard, 5th Baron Howard of Effingham. Because of the early deaths of his brothers, Spencer was the only surviving son of his father Nicholas, and so inherited extensive family estates in Bedfordshire and Huntingdonshire. Spencer also was left land by other early prominent settlers in Westmoreland County. In a deposition of 1674 by Lt. Col. John Washington, for instance, who was related to the Pope family of Popes Creek, Washington testified that in his will of 24 June 1674, Washington's kinsman Richard Cole had left all his Virginia lands to Nicholas Spencer. Washington "declareth that hee hath heard Mr. Richard Cole Deceased declare that hee had made a will, and given his whole estate to younge Mr. Nicholas Spencer and further saith not." The controversial Richard Cole had also specified that his body be buried on his plantation in a black walnut coffin with a gravestone of English black marble (to be imported for the purpose) and a tombstone whose epitaph read: "Heere lies Dick Cole a grievous Sinner, That died a Little before Dinner, Yet hopes in Heaven to find a place, To Satiate his Soul with Grace." Nicholas Spencer died in Virginia in 1688. In his will in April 1688, Spencer styled himself "of Nominy in Westmoreland Co. in Virginia." Nicholas Spencer left five sons: William, Mottrom, Nicholas Jr., John, and Francis (to whom his father left Mount Vernon). Spencer probably had at least two daughters, Elizabeth Spencer and Lettice Barnard to whom Mottrom Spencer referred to in his will as "my sister Mrs. Lettice Barnard" In his will, filed with the English courts at Canterbury, Col. Spencer named his "singular good friends Coll. Isaac Allerton of Matchotick, Capt. George Brent of Stafford Co. (former Governor of Maryland), and Capt. Lawrence Washington" to serve as trustees of his estates. Capt. Washington, named by Spencer as a trustee, was the younger brother of Lt. Col. John Washington and was born in 1635. He and the other trustees named by Col. Spencer in his will received forty shillings for mourning rings. Following Nicholas Spencer's death, the family's plantation at Nomini in Westmoreland was sold. In 1709 Robert Carter purchased the Spencer property from the heirs of Col. Spencer for £800 sterling, marking the end of the Spencer family's residence in Westmoreland, and delineating the future site of Nomini Hall, the Carter family seat in Westmoreland occupying the former Spencer estate. The English branch of the family continued to live in Bedfordshire, where members of the family served in Parliament and were large landowners. The Spencer family continued to hold its land at Cople, Bedfordshire, until the nineteenth century. "The Spencers' Cople estates," according to the Bedfordshire County Council, "were bought by Francis Brace for the Dowager Duchess of Marlborough, and the manor still was known as Rowlands when part of the Duke of Bedford’s estate at the start of the 19th century." References External links Deed to Col. Nicholas Spencer and Lt. Col. John Washington, Mount Vernon, George Washington as an Inventor and Promoter of the Useful Arts, Joseph Meredith Toner, Washington Patent Centennial Celebration 1891, D. C., Gedney & Roberts Co., 1892 George Washington's Survey of Mount Vernon, 1–2 October 1759, George Washington's Mount Vernon Estate & Gardens Sources Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America (), David Hackett Fischer, Oxford University Press, 1989 Big Chief Elizabeth: The Adventures and Fate of the First English Colonists in America, Giles Milton, Macmillan, New York, 2001 American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia, Edmund S. Morgan, W. W. Norton & Co. (reissue), 2003 Cople, A History of the County of Bedford, Vol. 3, William Page (ed.), Victoria County History, British History Online, british-history.ac.uk 1633 births 1689 deaths Colonial governors of Virginia People from Cople House of Burgesses members People from Westmoreland County, Virginia Virginia colonial people English merchants Kingdom of England emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies American planters

Colonel <mask>, Jr. (1633–1689) was a merchant, planter and politician in colonial Virginia. Born in Cople, Bedfordshire, <mask> migrated to the Westmoreland County, Virginia, where he became a planter and which he represented in the Virginia House of Burgesses. <mask> later served as Secretary and President of the Council of the Virginia Colony, and on the departure of his cousin Thomas Colepeper, 2nd Baron Colepeper in 1683, was named Acting Governor (1683–84), in which capacity <mask> served until the arrival of Governor Lord Howard of Effingham. <mask>'s role as agent for the Culpepers helped him and his cousin Lt. Col. John Washington, ancestor of George Washington, secure the patent for their joint land grant of the Mount Vernon estate. Early life and migration to Virginia <mask> was born to an aristocratic English family long seated at Cople, Bedfordshire. The family was related to the <mask> family of Northamptonshire, with whom they shared a coat of arms. In 1531 the <mask>s bought the manor of Rowlands at Cople, which they owned for several centuries.<mask>, Sr., father of the Virginia emigrant, and his wife, the former Mary Gostwick, second daughter of Sir Edward Gostwick had several sons, of these William inherited the family estates but died childless after making his heir his nephew, also William, son of his next-brother <mask> who had moved to Virginia. Another brother, <mask> later removed from Surry County, Virginia, to Talbot County, Maryland, where his descendants long lived at Spencer Hall, the family plantation. <mask> moved from London to Westmoreland County, Virginia, in the 1650s, where he served as agent for his cousin John Colepeper, 1st Baron Colepeper. Colepeper had inherited his father's share of ownership in the Virginia Company in 1617, and was subsequently knighted and afterwards raised to the peerage. He became the one-seventh proprietor of the Northern Neck of Virginia under the charter of 1649. Colepeper never lived in the colonies, and his son Thomas Culpeper, 2nd Baron Culpeper of Thoresway, who lived at Leeds Castle, did not arrive in Virginia until 1680. In the meantime <mask> had come to Virginia to help oversee his cousin John's investment.Becoming a Virginia administrator and agent On his arrival in the colony, <mask> secured an appointment as a customs collector, in addition to his post as the administrator of his cousin's Virginia estates. (<mask>'s job as agent for his Colepeper cousins included such functionary tasks as seizing 'winter beaver skins' or casks of tobacco for debts owed the Colepeper interests). <mask> and John Washington jointly held the post of customs collector on the Potomac. (After Washington's death in 1679, <mask> was sole customs collector on the Potomac.) He also won his own land grant. But <mask> was, unlikely as it sounds, apparently an efficient administrator on his own, later being appointed to additional posts in Virginia by virtue of his abilities. <mask> was apparently a pragmatic administrator.He was also a hard-nosed capitalist. When it came to slavery, for instance, <mask> weighed the benefits of enslaved labor in a strictly cost-benefit way. "The low price of Tobacco," <mask> wrote, "requires it should bee made as cheap as possible, and that Blacks can make it cheaper than Whites." <mask>'s rationale for slavery was probably as succinctly heartless as any committed to paper. <mask>'s role as an aristocratic bureaucrat in the new colony was a tricky one. He was navigating the shoals of dilemmas which have perplexed a nation for centuries. While simultaneously attempting to rationalize slavery, <mask> was also writing to the Privy Council in England about the Virginia Colony's precarious place on the edge of Catholic Maryland."Unruly and unorderly spirits lay hold of ye motion of affairs," <mask> wrote, "and that under the pretext of Religion, soe as from those false glasses to pretend to betake themselves to Arms... from the groundless Imaginacon (sic) that the few Papists in Maryland and Virginia had conspired to hyre the Seneca Indians, to ye Cutting off, and totall distroying of all ye Protestants." At the same time, the forces that were propelling the Virginia Colony into the forefront of American economic and social might – primarily the raising of tobacco based on slavery – were simultaneously making <mask>'s administrative role tricky. The Virginia colony of the era was, as the eminent colonial historian Edmund S. Morgan wrote, "the volatile society." There were popular uprisings such as Bacon's Rebellion, as well as the tobacco plant-cutting riots. A communication to the Crown in 1674 noted that his opposition to the Bacon Rebellion, for instance, had taken a toll on <mask>'s estates. Having done the country "very good service against the Rebells, in that hee affected part of the Country where he resided, and as wee are credibly informed, by his Correspondence here is much Impaired in his Estate by the late Rebells." In 1682 <mask> wrote to London in the wake of the events roiling Virginia."Bacon's Rebellion," <mask> told colonial overseers in London, "had left an itching behind it". It was "plaine" that the class tensions stirred by the Rebellion had lingered, with a "mutinous mob" subsequently engaged in "wild and extravagant" rioting, going from farm to farm, tearing tobacco plants out by their roots. The Virginia government reacted harshly with militia patrols and the promise of steep fines. The "frenzy," according to <mask>, destroyed crops on over 200 plantations, and was driven by a glutted tobacco market which had depressed prices. Even the wives, <mask> wrote, took up hoes laid down by their husbands and continued to rip out the plants. Such civil disobedience, <mask> saw, was the price paid by colonial administrators acting the foil for the empire's merchants back home. When taken with symptoms of illness, <mask> wrote to his brother in England outlining his pains, and asked him to consult an English doctor and send him the diagnosis as quickly as possible.Nor was <mask>'s role as his Colepeper cousins' agent an easy job. As landlords of an almost-feudal domain eventually encompassing over five million acres (20,000 km²) in the new colony, the Colepeper Northern Neck grant, eventually passed on to their Fairfax heirs, came to be seen by some colonists as an onerous reminder of English aristocratic privilege. In Colepeper's absence, it fell to their relation <mask> to do the heavy-lifting of collecting rents and taxes on the Colepeper barony. In the meantime, <mask> married Frances, the daughter of Col. John Mottrom of Coan Hall of Northumberland County, Virginia. Mottrom was likely the first white settler of the Northern Neck in the early seventeenth century. He later served as the first Burgess for Northumberland in 1645, and presided over the county court for four years. Mottrom's daughter and her husband <mask> named one of their sons, Mottrom, after John Mottrom.Another <mask> son, William, returned to England for schooling and remained there, serving as a Whig Member of Parliament for Bedfordshire. <mask>, the son of the Virginia emigrant <mask>, married Lady Catherine Wentworth, daughter of Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of Cleveland. (Following the early death of William, his brother <mask>. returned to England to succeed to the family estates.) <mask> was prominent in the affairs of the Virginia colony, residing at his plantation on Nomini Creek. Westmoreland County's Cople Parish, the Anglican parish which embraced half the county, was renamed in 1668 to honor <mask> and his English birthplace at Cople. The <mask> family were connected to the Washington family in England, and later in Virginia. Col. <mask> patented the land grant at Mount Vernon with his friend Lt. Col. John Washington in 1674, with <mask> acting as the go-between in the sale.The successful patent on the acreage was due largely to <mask>, who acted as agent for his cousin Thomas Colepeper, 2nd Baron Colepeper, who controlled the Northern Neck of Virginia, in which the tract lay. <mask>'s business interests and later life When John Washington died in 1677, his son Lawrence, George Washington's grandfather, inherited his father's stake in the Mount Vernon property. (Following Col. <mask>'s death, the Washingtons and the <mask>s divided the land grant, with the <mask> heirs taking the larger southern half of the Mount Vernon grant bordering Dogue Creek, and the Washingtons the portion along Little Hunting Creek. The <mask> heirs paid Lawrence Washington 2,500 pounds of tobacco as compensation for their choice.) Later the Washingtons bought out the Spencer interest at Mount Vernon. Aside from acting as agent for the Colepeper interests, <mask> was frequently involved in Virginia Colony business, and he often corresponded with English administrators in London, as well as family members in Bedfordshire and elsewhere. When his cousin Thomas Colepeper departed Virginia in 1683, <mask> was named Acting Governor, in which capacity he served for nine months until the April 1684 arrival of Francis Howard, 5th Baron Howard of Effingham.Because of the early deaths of his brothers, <mask> was the only surviving son of his father <mask>, and so inherited extensive family estates in Bedfordshire and Huntingdonshire. <mask> also was left land by other early prominent settlers in Westmoreland County. In a deposition of 1674 by Lt. Col. John Washington, for instance, who was related to the Pope family of Popes Creek, Washington testified that in his will of 24 June 1674, Washington's kinsman Richard Cole had left all his Virginia lands to <mask>. Washington "declareth that hee hath heard Mr. Richard Cole Deceased declare that hee had made a will, and given his whole estate to younge Mr. <mask> and further saith not." The controversial Richard Cole had also specified that his body be buried on his plantation in a black walnut coffin with a gravestone of English black marble (to be imported for the purpose) and a tombstone whose epitaph read: "Heere lies Dick Cole a grievous Sinner, That died a Little before Dinner, Yet hopes in Heaven to find a place, To Satiate his Soul with Grace." <mask> died in Virginia in 1688. In his will in April 1688, <mask> styled himself "of Nominy in Westmoreland Co. in Virginia."<mask> left five sons: William, Mottrom, <mask>., John, and Francis (to whom his father left Mount Vernon). <mask> probably had at least two daughters, <mask> and Lettice Barnard to whom Mottrom <mask> referred to in his will as "my sister Mrs. Lettice Barnard" In his will, filed with the English courts at Canterbury, Col. <mask> named his "singular good friends Coll. Isaac Allerton of Matchotick, Capt. George Brent of Stafford Co. (former Governor of Maryland), and Capt. Lawrence Washington" to serve as trustees of his estates. Capt. Washington, named by <mask> as a trustee, was the younger brother of Lt. Col. John Washington and was born in 1635.He and the other trustees named by Col. <mask> in his will received forty shillings for mourning rings. Following <mask>'s death, the family's plantation at Nomini in Westmoreland was sold. In 1709 Robert Carter purchased the Spencer property from the heirs of Col. <mask> for £800 sterling, marking the end of the <mask> family's residence in Westmoreland, and delineating the future site of Nomini Hall, the Carter family seat in Westmoreland occupying the former <mask> estate. The English branch of the family continued to live in Bedfordshire, where members of the family served in Parliament and were large landowners. The <mask> family continued to hold its land at Cople, Bedfordshire, until the nineteenth century. "The <mask>s' Cople estates," according to the Bedfordshire County Council, "were bought by Francis Brace for the Dowager Duchess of Marlborough, and the manor still was known as Rowlands when part of the Duke of Bedford’s estate at the start of the 19th century." References External links Deed to Col. <mask> and Lt. Col. John Washington, Mount Vernon, George Washington as an Inventor and Promoter of the Useful Arts, Joseph Meredith Toner, Washington Patent Centennial Celebration 1891, D. C., Gedney & Roberts Co., 1892 George Washington's Survey of Mount Vernon, 1–2 October 1759, George Washington's Mount Vernon Estate & Gardens Sources Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America (), David Hackett Fischer, Oxford University Press, 1989 Big Chief Elizabeth: The Adventures and Fate of the First English Colonists in America, Giles Milton, Macmillan, New York, 2001 American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia, Edmund S. Morgan, W. W. Norton & Co. (reissue), 2003 Cople, A History of the County of Bedford, Vol.3, William Page (ed. ), Victoria County History, British History Online, british-history.ac.uk 1633 births 1689 deaths Colonial governors of Virginia People from Cople House of Burgesses members People from Westmoreland County, Virginia Virginia colonial people English merchants Kingdom of England emigrants to the Thirteen Colonies American planters

Colonel <mask>, Jr. was a merchant, planter and politician. <mask> moved to Westmoreland County, Virginia, where he became a planter and represented the Virginia House of Burgesses. 2nd Baron Colepeper, <mask>'s cousin, was named acting Governor in 1683 after Thomas Colepeper left, and <mask> served until the arrival of Governor Lord Howard of E. The patent for the joint land grant of the Mount Vernon estate was secured by <mask> and his cousin John Washington. Early life and migration to Virginia <mask> was born to an English family. The family shared a coat of arms with the <mask> family. The <mask>s owned the manor of Cople for hundreds of years.The father of the Virginia emigrant, <mask>, and his wife, the former Mary Gostwick, had several sons, of which William was the heir and died childless. <mask> was removed from Surry County, Virginia, to Talbot County, Maryland, where his descendants lived at Spencer Hall. <mask> was an agent for his cousin John Colepeper, 1st Baron Colepeper. Colepeper was knighted after taking over his father's share of ownership in the Virginia Company. He was the seventh proprietor of the Northern Neck of Virginia. Colepeper didn't live in the colonies and his son Thomas didn't arrive in Virginia until 1680. <mask> came to Virginia to help with John's investment.<mask> was appointed as a customs collector and administrator of his cousin's Virginia estates after he arrived in the colony. <mask>'s job as an agent for his Colepeper cousins was to seize winter beaver skins or tobacco for debts owed to the Colepeper interests. The post of customs collector was held by <mask> and John Washington. <mask> was the sole customs collector on the Potomac after Washington's death. He won a land grant of his own. <mask> was an efficient administrator on his own, later being appointed to additional posts in Virginia by virtue of his abilities. <mask> was a good administrator.He was a capitalist. <mask> weighed the benefits of enslaved labor in a strictly cost-benefit way. <mask> wrote that the low price of tobacco requires that it be made as cheap as possible and that Blacks can make it cheaper than Whites. <mask>'s rationale for slavery was very simple. <mask>'s role in the new colony was difficult. The nation has been perplexed by the dilemma for centuries. <mask> wrote to the Privy Council in England about the Virginia Colony's precarious place on the edge of Catholic Maryland while attempting to rationalize slavery."Unruly and unorderly spirits lay hold of ye motion of affairs," <mask> wrote, "and that under the pretext of Religion, soe as from those false glasses to pretend to be take themselves to Arms..." The forces that were propelling the Virginia Colony into the forefront of American economic and social might were also making <mask>'s administrative role difficult. Edmund S. Morgan wrote that the Virginia colony was "the volatile society." The tobacco plant-cutting riots were one of the popular uprisings. His opposition to the bacon rebellion took a toll on <mask>'s estates according to a communication to the crown in 1674. Having done the country "very good service against the Rebells, in that hee affected part of the Country where he resided, and as wee be credibly informed, by his correspondence here is much Impaired in his Estate by the late Rebells." <mask> wrote to London in the wake of the events in Virginia.<mask> told colonial overseers in London that the Rebellion had left an itching behind it. The class tensions stirred by the Rebellion had lingered, with a "mutinous mob" subsequently engaged in "wild and extravagant" rioting, tearing tobacco plants out by their roots. The Virginia government promised steep fines for militia patrols. Thefrenzy destroyed crops on over 200 plantations and was caused by a depressed tobacco market. The wives took up hoes laid down by their husbands and continued to rip out the plants. <mask> believed that the price of civil disobedience was paid by the administrators of the empire. <mask> wrote to his brother in England detailing his symptoms and asked him to get a diagnosis from an English doctor.<mask>'s role as Colepeper cousins' agent was not an easy one. The Colepeper Northern Neck grant, which was passed on to their Fairfax heirs, was seen by some as a reminder of English aristocracy. <mask> was tasked with collecting rents and taxes in Colepeper's absence. <mask> married the daughter of a Virginia Colonel. In the early 17th century, it is thought that the first white person to settle in the Northern Neck was Mottrom. He presided over the county court for four years. <mask> and his daughter named one of their sons after him.<mask> was a Whig Member of Parliament for Bedfordshire after he returned to England for school. The son of the Virginia emigrant <mask> married the daughter of the 1st Earl of Cleveland. <mask>. returned to England to succeed to the family estates after William's death. <mask> lived at his plantation on Nomini Creek in the Virginia colony. In 1668, Westmoreland County's Cople Parish was renamed to honor <mask> and his English birthplace at Cople. The Washington family in England and Virginia were connected to the <mask> family. The land grant at Mount Vernon was patented by <mask> and his friend John Washington.<mask> was the agent for his cousin Thomas Colepeper, 2nd Baron Colepeper, who had control of the Northern Neck of Virginia. Lawrence, George Washington's grandfather, inherited his father's stake in the Mount Vernon property when John Washington died in 1677. The <mask> heirs took the larger portion of the Mount Vernon grant bordering Dogue Creek, while the Washingtons took the smaller portion along Little Hunting Creek. Lawrence Washington was paid 2,500 pounds of tobacco by the <mask> heirs. The <mask> interest at Mount Vernon was bought out by the Washingtons. <mask> was an agent for the Colepeper interests, but he was also involved in Virginia Colony business, as well as communicating with English administrators in London. <mask> served as acting governor for nine months until the arrival of Francis Howard, 5th Baron Howard of Effingham.<mask> was the only surviving son of <mask> and was able to inherit extensive family estates. <mask> was one of the early settlers in Westmoreland County. In 1674, Washington testified that his kinsman Richard Cole had left all his Virginia lands to <mask>. Mr. Richard Cole Deceased declared that he had made a will and gave his entire estate to Mr. <mask>. The controversial Richard Cole had also specified that his body be buried on his plantation in a black walnut coffin with a gravestone of English black marble. <mask> died in Virginia. <mask> styled himself "of Nominy in Westmoreland Co. in Virginia" in his will.<mask>'s five sons were to whom his father left Mount Vernon. <mask> probably had at least two daughters, <mask> and Lettice Barnard. Capt. Isaac Allerton of Matchotick. George Brent was the Governor of Maryland. Washington wanted to serve as trustees of his estates. Capt. <mask> named Washington the younger brother of John Washington.Forty shillings was given to the trustees by Col<mask> in his will. The family's plantation in Westmoreland was sold after <mask>'s death. The <mask> property was purchased by Robert Carter in 1709 for £800 sterling, marking the end of the <mask> family's residence in Westmoreland, and the future site of Nomini Hall, the Carter family seat in Westmoreland. The English branch of the family lived in Bedfordshire, where members of the family served in Parliament. The <mask> family held onto their land at Cople until the 19th century. The <mask>s' Cople estates were bought by Francis Brace at the start of the 19th century, and the manor still is known as Rowlands. George Washington was an inventor and promoter of the Useful Arts.3, William Page. British History Online, british-history.ac.uk has Victoria County History.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri%20de%20Man

Henri de Man

Henri (Hendrik) de Man (17 November 1885 – 20 June 1953) was a Belgian politician and leader of the Belgian Labour Party (POB-BWP). He was one of the leading socialist theoreticians of his period and, during the German occupation of Belgium during World War II, was heavily involved in collaboration. World War I and the interwar period A politically-active socialist, he nevertheless fought with the Belgian army and supported the Allied cause in World War I. After the war, he taught sociology for a time at the University of Washington, then started a workers' education school in Belgium, before moving back to Germany where he taught for some years at the University of Frankfurt. He was at odds there with the predominant, leftwing and communist movements surrounding some of his colleagues. He was allied with Eugen Diederichs, a conservative publisher in Jena. Henri de Man's antisemitism, expressed openly in his memoir of 1941, Après Coup, developed during his years in Germany, although he lived in marriage with at least one Jewish woman (Après Coup, Brussels: Editions de la Toison d'Or, 1941). Returning to Belgium after the Reichstag fire (his books were not popular with Hitler, and de Man was always a maverick relative to others' ideologies) he became Vice President of the Belgian Labour Party (POB-BWP). Upon the death of Emile Vandervelde in 1938, he assumed its presidency. He was Minister of Finance from 1936 to 1938. His views on socialism and his revision of Marxism were controversial. His promotion of the idea of "planisme", or planning, was widely influential in the early 1930s, in particular among the Non-Conformist Movement in France, a movement also called the Third Way; he was connected briefly to the Personalist Emmanuel Mounier, and even thought of himself as something of a "13th century Thomist". The doctrine of Henri de Man intended to overcome the successive crises of capitalism by the nationalization of bank credit and an elevation of the degree of authority of the State in financial affairs, while preserving the structures of a capitalist economic system. The “planism” refuted the socialization of the means of production and the construction of a classless society, but on the contrary sought to encourage the private sector by freeing it from certain monopolies entrusted to the State and making it the protector of free competition and individual initiative. From a tactical point of view, marked by the crushing of the German Social Democrats by Hitler, which he attributes to the defection of the middle classes towards the NSDAP, de Man thinks it necessary to move towards a rapprochement with liberal parties. Plan de Man De Man was responsible for a plan which some say was devised to halt the rise of fascism in Belgium, but according to most other historians—as even his own memoirs attest—was part of his own turn toward fascism. This became overwhelmingly clear when he served as de facto prime minister directly under the Nazi occupation from June 1940. This plan became widely known as 'Het Plan de Man' and was an example of planism. While some assert that the plan is comparable to Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal, others point out that it was quite unlike the New Deal, being not a safety net of welfare and other benefits, but was an anti-democratic movement invented by a man disillusioned with democracy and the working class. The de Man Plan would have removed political power from the workers and their unions, leaving them only the appearance of representation, and vested it instead in owners and government. When he proposed it on the floor of the parliament, his opponents shouted,"That is pure fascism" in a debate that caused de Man to suffer a stroke on the spot, and paralyzed him for almost three months. Freedom of the press was also to be curtailed by Henri de Man. Collaboration De Man was an adviser to King Leopold III and his mother, Queen Elisabeth. Having lived extensively in Germany, and "loving" the country as he said, throughout the 1930s in Belgium he advocated accommodating Hitler's expansionist policies to save Belgium from the crushing fate it had previously suffered in World War I, the policy that was called appeasement by other democratic nations. After the "capitulation" of the Belgian Army in 1940, he issued a manifesto to POB-BWP members, welcoming the German occupation as a field of neutralist action during the war: "For the working classes and for socialism, this collapse of a decrepit world, far from being a disaster, is a deliverance." He was involved in setting up an umbrella trade union, the Unie van Hand- en Geestesarbeiders/Union des Travailleurs Manuels et Intellectuels (UHGA-UTMI) which would unify the existing trade unions and moreover aim at the integration of manual and intellectual workers. That was branded by longtime socialists a fascist plan, and UHGA-UTMI was considered a fascist organization because workers had little or no control of this "union". As de Man moved steadily to the right, he also opposed a free press, as he wrote himself in his memoire, entitled Après Coup. During several months, he was (at least in his own eyes) the de facto prime minister of Belgium, serving under the German generals Alexander von Falkenhausen and Eggert Reeder, the actual Belgian ministers having all fled the country during the Battle of Belgium to form the Belgian government in exile. Nevertheless, he eventually was mistrusted both by Flemish Nazi collaborators (for his Belgicist views) and by the Nazi authorities, who forbade him to give any more public speeches after Easter 1941. Seeing he had lost his grip on events, he went into self-imposed exile. Exile and death After leaving Belgium, de Man lived for years in German-occupied Paris seeing his mistress Lucienne Didier; with her in occupied Paris he was part of the circle surrounding Ernst Jünger. However, with the advance of the Allied troops in May 1945, fearing capture, he fled to an Alpine cottage in La Clusaz, in the Haute Savoie region of France. After the liberation, he crossed the border to Switzerland and lived in the Grison mountains near Austria. He died with his young wife in 1953 in a collision between his car and a train, a death that his son Jan de Man and others thought was probably a suicide. Henri de Man had been depressed and immobilized in Switzerland for years, prevented from returning to Belgium by the threat of trial and imprisonment for treason. He was convicted in absentia of treason after the war. His nephew, the literary theorist Paul de Man, became famous in the United States as a leading proponent of "deconstructionism." After his death in 1983, Paul de Man was found to have written articles for a collaborationist newspaper in Belgium, some of which expressed antisemitic themes. This discovery prompted a broader re-evaluation of Paul de Man's work, as well as his relationship to Hendrik, who had been a fatherlike figure to him. Bibliography Publications Au pays du Taylorisme, Bruxelles, éd. "Le Peuple", 1919. Zur Psychologie des Sozialismus, Jena, E. Diederichs, 1927. Au-delà du marxisme, Bruxelles, L'Églantine, 1927. (Rééd., Paris, Alcan, 1929; Seuil, 1974) Socialisme et marxisme, Bruxelles, L'Églantine, 1928. Joie du travail, enquête basée sur des témoignages d'ouvriers et d'employés, Paris, Librairie Félix Alcan, 1930. Réflexions sur l'économie dirigée, Bruxelles et Paris, L'Églantine, 1932. Nationalisme et socialisme, Paris, [éditeur non indiqué], 1932. Marx redécouvert, [Der neu entdeckte Marx], traduction de l'allemand par Michel Brélaz, Genève, Association pour l'étude de l'œuvre d'Henri de Man, 1980 [1932]. Le Socialisme constructif, traduit de l'allemand par L. C. Herbert, Paris, Paris, Librairie Félix Alcan, 1933. Pour un plan d'action, Paris, M. Rivière, [1934]. Le Plan du travail, Bruxelles, Institut d'économie européenne, 1934. Éditions Labor, 1935. L'exécution du plan du travail, Anvers, de Sikkel, 1935. L'idée socialiste suivi du Plan de travail, traduction d'Alexandre Kojevnikov et Henry Corbin, Paris, Bernard Grasset, [1935]. Corporatisme et socialisme, Bruxelles, Éditions Labor, 1935. Masses et chefs, Bruxelles, La Nouvelle églantine, 1937. (avec Lucovic Zoretti, Léo Moulin, M. Somerhausen et Georges Lefranc, Les problèmes d'ensemble du fascisme, semaine d'études d'Uccle-Bruxelles, 10–15 juillet 1934, Paris, Centre confédéral d'éducation ouvrière, [1939]. Après coup, mémoires, Bruxelles et Paris, Éditions de la Toison d'or et PUF, [1941] (plusieurs rééditions). Herinneringen, Antwerpen, de Sikkel, Arnheim, van Loghum Slaterus, 1941. Réflexions sur la paix, Paris et Bruxelles, Éditions de la Toison d'Or, 1942. Cahiers de ma montagne, Bruxelles, Éditions de la Toison d'or, 1944. Au-delà du nationalisme. Vers un gouvernement mondial, Genève, Éditions du Cheval ailé, 1946. Cavalier seul. 45 années de socialisme européen, Genève, Éditions du Cheval ailé, 1948. Jacques Cœur, argentier du Roy, [Jacques Cœur, der konigliche kaufmann Paris, 1950], Tardy, 1951. L'Ère des masses et le déclin de la civilisation, [Vermassung und Kulturverfall], traduit de l'allemand par Fernand Delmas, Paris, Flammarion, 1954. Le "dossier Léopold III" et autres documents sur la période de la seconde guerre mondiale, édité par Michel Brélaz, Genève, Éditions des Antipodes, 1989. References Bibliography , especially chapter 4. Special issue of the Revue européenne des sciences sociales, XII/31 (1974) entitled "Sur l'oeuvre d'Henri de Man" under the direction of Ivo Rens and Michel Brélaz External links Henri de Man archive (available online) at International Institute of Social History Entry in the Biographie nationale de Belgique 1885 births 1953 deaths Politicians from Antwerp Finance ministers of Belgium University of Washington faculty Belgian Labour Party politicians Belgian collaborators with Nazi Germany Belgian Army personnel of World War I People convicted of treason People convicted in absentia Road incident deaths in Switzerland Belgian fascists

<mask>Hendrik<mask> (17 November 1885 – 20 June 1953) was a Belgian politician and leader of the Belgian Labour Party (POB-BWP). He was one of the leading socialist theoreticians of his period and, during the German occupation of Belgium during World War II, was heavily involved in collaboration. World War I and the interwar period A politically-active socialist, he nevertheless fought with the Belgian army and supported the Allied cause in World War I. After the war, he taught sociology for a time at the University of Washington, then started a workers' education school in Belgium, before moving back to Germany where he taught for some years at the University of Frankfurt. He was at odds there with the predominant, leftwing and communist movements surrounding some of his colleagues. He was allied with <mask>, a conservative publisher in Jena. <mask>'s antisemitism, expressed openly in his memoir of 1941, Après Coup, developed during his years in Germany, although he lived in marriage with at least one Jewish woman (Après Coup, Brussels: Editions de la Toison d'Or, 1941).Returning to Belgium after the Reichstag fire (his books were not popular with Hitler, and <mask> was always a maverick relative to others' ideologies) he became Vice President of the Belgian Labour Party (POB-BWP). Upon the death of Emile <mask> in 1938, he assumed its presidency. He was Minister of Finance from 1936 to 1938. His views on socialism and his revision of Marxism were controversial. His promotion of the idea of "planisme", or planning, was widely influential in the early 1930s, in particular among the Non-Conformist Movement in France, a movement also called the Third Way; he was connected briefly to the Personalist Emmanuel Mounier, and even thought of himself as something of a "13th century Thomist". The doctrine of <mask> <mask> intended to overcome the successive crises of capitalism by the nationalization of bank credit and an elevation of the degree of authority of the State in financial affairs, while preserving the structures of a capitalist economic system. The “planism” refuted the socialization of the means of production and the construction of a classless society, but on the contrary sought to encourage the private sector by freeing it from certain monopolies entrusted to the State and making it the protector of free competition and individual initiative.From a tactical point of view, marked by the crushing of the German Social Democrats by Hitler, which he attributes to the defection of the middle classes towards the NSDAP, <mask> thinks it necessary to move towards a rapprochement with liberal parties. Plan de Man De Man was responsible for a plan which some say was devised to halt the rise of fascism in Belgium, but according to most other historians—as even his own memoirs attest—was part of his own turn toward fascism. This became overwhelmingly clear when he served as de facto prime minister directly under the Nazi occupation from June 1940. This plan became widely known as 'Het Plan de Man' and was an example of planism. While some assert that the plan is comparable to Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal, others point out that it was quite unlike the New Deal, being not a safety net of welfare and other benefits, but was an anti-democratic movement invented by a man disillusioned with democracy and the working class. The de Man Plan would have removed political power from the workers and their unions, leaving them only the appearance of representation, and vested it instead in owners and government. When he proposed it on the floor of the parliament, his opponents shouted,"That is pure fascism" in a debate that caused <mask> to suffer a stroke on the spot, and paralyzed him for almost three months.Freedom of the press was also to be curtailed by <mask> <mask>. Collaboration <mask> was an adviser to King Leopold III and his mother, Queen Elisabeth. Having lived extensively in Germany, and "loving" the country as he said, throughout the 1930s in Belgium he advocated accommodating Hitler's expansionist policies to save Belgium from the crushing fate it had previously suffered in World War I, the policy that was called appeasement by other democratic nations. After the "capitulation" of the Belgian Army in 1940, he issued a manifesto to POB-BWP members, welcoming the German occupation as a field of neutralist action during the war: "For the working classes and for socialism, this collapse of a decrepit world, far from being a disaster, is a deliverance." He was involved in setting up an umbrella trade union, the Unie van Hand- en Geestesarbeiders/Union des Travailleurs Manuels et Intellectuels (UHGA-UTMI) which would unify the existing trade unions and moreover aim at the integration of manual and intellectual workers. That was branded by longtime socialists a fascist plan, and UHGA-UTMI was considered a fascist organization because workers had little or no control of this "union". As <mask> moved steadily to the right, he also opposed a free press, as he wrote himself in his memoire, entitled Après Coup.During several months, he was (at least in his own eyes) the de facto prime minister of Belgium, serving under the German generals <mask> Falkenhausen and Eggert <mask>, the actual Belgian ministers having all fled the country during the Battle of Belgium to form the Belgian government in exile. Nevertheless, he eventually was mistrusted both by Flemish Nazi collaborators (for his Belgicist views) and by the Nazi authorities, who forbade him to give any more public speeches after Easter 1941. Seeing he had lost his grip on events, he went into self-imposed exile. Exile and death After leaving Belgium, <mask> lived for years in German-occupied Paris seeing his mistress Lucienne Didier; with her in occupied Paris he was part of the circle surrounding Ernst Jünger. However, with the advance of the Allied troops in May 1945, fearing capture, he fled to an Alpine cottage in La Clusaz, in the Haute Savoie region of France. After the liberation, he crossed the border to Switzerland and lived in the Grison mountains near Austria. He died with his young wife in 1953 in a collision between his car and a train, a death that his son <mask> <mask> and others thought was probably a suicide.<mask> <mask> had been depressed and immobilized in Switzerland for years, prevented from returning to Belgium by the threat of trial and imprisonment for treason. He was convicted in absentia of treason after the war. His nephew, the literary theorist <mask> <mask>, became famous in the United States as a leading proponent of "deconstructionism." After his death in 1983, <mask> <mask> was found to have written articles for a collaborationist newspaper in Belgium, some of which expressed antisemitic themes. This discovery prompted a broader re-evaluation of <mask> <mask>'s work, as well as his relationship to Hendrik, who had been a fatherlike figure to him. Bibliography Publications Au pays du Taylorisme, Bruxelles, éd. "Le Peuple", 1919.Zur Psychologie des Sozialismus, Jena, E. <mask>hs, 1927. Au-delà du marxisme, Bruxelles, L'Églantine, 1927. (Rééd., Paris, Alcan, 1929; Seuil, 1974) Socialisme et marxisme, Bruxelles, L'Églantine, 1928. Joie du travail, enquête basée sur des témoignages d'ouvriers et d'employés, Paris, Librairie Félix Alcan, 1930. Réflexions sur l'économie dirigée, Bruxelles et Paris, L'Églantine, 1932. Nationalisme et socialisme, Paris, [éditeur non indiqué], 1932. Marx redécouvert, [Der neu entdeckte Marx], traduction de l'allemand par Michel Brélaz, Genève, Association pour l'étude de l'œuvre d'Henri de Man, 1980 [1932].Le Socialisme constructif, traduit de l'allemand par L. C. Herbert, Paris, Paris, Librairie Félix Alcan, 1933. Pour un plan d'action, Paris, M. Rivière, [1934]. Le Plan du travail, Bruxelles, Institut d'économie européenne, 1934. Éditions Labor, 1935. L'exécution du plan du travail, Anvers, <mask>, 1935. L'idée socialiste suivi du Plan de travail, traduction d'Alexandre Kojevnikov et Henry Corbin, Paris, Bernard Grasset, [1935]. Corporatisme et socialisme, Bruxelles, Éditions Labor, 1935.Masses et chefs, Bruxelles, La Nouvelle églantine, 1937. (avec Lucovic Zoretti, Léo Moulin, M. Somerhausen et Georges Lefranc, Les problèmes d'ensemble du fascisme, semaine d'études d'Uccle-Bruxelles, 10–15 juillet 1934, Paris, Centre confédéral d'éducation ouvrière, [1939]. Après coup, mémoires, Bruxelles et Paris, Éditions de la Toison d'or et PUF, [1941] (plusieurs rééditions). Herinneringen, Antwerpen, <mask>, Arnheim, van Loghum Slaterus, 1941. Réflexions sur la paix, Paris et Bruxelles, Éditions de la Toison d'Or, 1942. Cahiers de ma montagne, Bruxelles, Éditions de la Toison d'or, 1944. Au-delà du nationalisme.Vers un gouvernement mondial, Genève, Éditions du Cheval ailé, 1946. Cavalier seul. 45 années de socialisme européen, Genève, Éditions du Cheval ailé, 1948. Jacques Cœur, argentier du Roy, [Jacques Cœur, der konigliche kaufmann Paris, 1950], Tardy, 1951. L'Ère des masses et le déclin de la civilisation, [Vermassung und Kulturverfall], traduit de l'allemand par Fernand Delmas, Paris, Flammarion, 1954. Le "dossier Léopold III" et autres documents sur la période de la seconde guerre mondiale, édité par Michel Brélaz, Genève, Éditions des Antipodes, 1989. References Bibliography , especially chapter 4.Special issue of the Revue européenne des sciences sociales, XII/31 (1974) entitled "Sur l'oeuvre d'<mask> de Man" under the direction of Ivo Rens and Michel Brélaz External links <mask> <mask> archive (available online) at International Institute of Social History Entry in the Biographie nationale de Belgique 1885 births 1953 deaths Politicians from Antwerp Finance ministers of Belgium University of Washington faculty Belgian Labour Party politicians Belgian collaborators with Nazi Germany Belgian Army personnel of World War I People convicted of treason People convicted in absentia Road incident deaths in Switzerland Belgian fascists

The leader of the Belgian Labour Party was <mask>Hendrik<mask>. During the German occupation of Belgium during World War II, he was heavily involved in collaboration. He supported the Allied cause in World War I despite being a politically active socialist. After the war, he taught sociology at the University of Washington, then started a workers' education school in Belgium, before moving back to Germany where he taught for a few years. He was at odds with some of his colleagues on the leftwing and communist side. He was allied with a conservative publisher. <mask>'s antisemitism, expressed openly in his memoir of 1941, Aprs Coup, developed during his years in Germany, although he lived in marriage with at least one Jewish woman.After returning to Belgium after the Reichstag fire, <mask> became the Vice President of the Belgian Labour Party. He assumed the presidency after Emile <mask> died. He was the Minister of Finance. His revision of Marxism was controversial. His promotion of the idea of "planisme", or planning, was widely influential in the early 1930s, in particular among the Non-Conformist Movement in France, a movement also called the Third Way. <mask> <mask> wanted to overcome the crises of capitalism by nationalization of bank credit and an elevation of the degree of authority of the State in financial affairs. The planism sought to encourage the private sector by freeing it from certain monopolies and making it the protector of free competition and individual initiative, even though it disagreed with the socialization of the means of production and the construction of a classless society.<mask> thinks it's necessary to move towards a rapprochement with liberal parties because of the crushing of the German Social Democrats by Hitler. Plan de Man De Man was responsible for a plan which some say was devised to halt the rise of fascists in Belgium, but according to most other historians, he was part of his own turn toward fascists. He served as defacto prime minister during the Nazi occupation of June 1940. The 'Het Plan de Man' was an example of planism. Some argue that the plan is similar to Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal, but others point out that it was not a safety net of welfare and other benefits, but an anti-democratic movement invented by a man dissatisfied with democracy and the working class. The de Man Plan would have stripped political power from the workers and their unions and vested it in the owners and government. His opponents shouted "That is pure fascist" when he proposed it on the floor of the parliament.<mask> <mask> wanted to limit the freedom of the press. King Leopold III and his mother were advisers to Collaboration De <mask>. Throughout the 1930s in Belgium, he advocated accommodating Hitler's expansionist policies to save it from the crushing fate it had previously suffered in World War I, the policy that was called appeasement by other democratic nations. He issued a manifesto to POB-BWP members, welcoming the German occupation as a field of neutralist action during the war. He was involved in setting up an umbrella trade union which would unify the existing trade unions and aim at integration of manual and intellectual. The UHGA-UTMI was branded a fascist organization because workers had little or no control over it. As <mask> moved to the right, he also opposed a free press, as he wrote in his memoire.During the course of several months, he was the defacto prime minister of Belgium, serving under the German generals <mask> Falkenhausen and Eggert <mask>, the actual Belgian ministers having fled the country during the Battle of Belgium to form the Belgian government. After Easter 1941, the Nazi authorities forbade him to give any more public speeches because of his Belgicist views. He went into exile after losing his grip on events. After leaving Belgium, <mask> lived in Paris for years with his mistress, and was part of the circle surrounding Jnger. He fled to an Alpine cottage in the Haute Savoie region of France after the Allied troops advanced in May 1945. He lived in the mountains of Austria after crossing the border to Switzerland. His son <mask> <mask> thought that his father might have committed suicide after he died with his wife in a car crash.The threat of trial and imprisonment for treason prevented <mask> <mask> from returning to Belgium. He was found guilty of treason in absentia after the war. His nephew, the literary theorist <mask> <mask>, became famous in the United States as a leading proponent of deconstructionism. Some of the articles written by <mask> <mask> were antisemitic. This discovery led to a re-evaluation of <mask> <mask>'s work, as well as his relationship to Hendrik, who had been a fatherlike figure to him. Au pays du Taylorisme, Bruxelles. "Le Peuple" was written in 1919.Zur Psychologie des Sozialismus was founded in 1927 by E<mask>. Au-del du marxisme, Bruxelles, L'glantine, 1927. Socialisme et marxisme, Bruxelles, L'glantine, 1928 were written. Joie du travail, enqute sur des témoignages d'ouvriers et d'employés, Paris. Theflexions sur l'économie dirigée were published in 1932. Nationalisme et socialisme, Paris, was published in 1932. Marx redécouvert, traduction de l'allemand parMichel Brélaz, Genve, Association pour l'uvre d'Henri de Man, 1980Le Socialisme constructif is a work by L. C. Herbert. Un plan d'action, Paris, M. Rivire. Le Plan du travail, Bruxelles, was published in 1934. The 1935 edition of ditions Labor. L'execution du plan du travail was written in 1935. L'idée socialiste suivi du Plan de travail. Labor, 1935, Corporatisme et socialisme, Bruxelles.La Nouvelle et chefs, Bruxelles, was founded in 1937. Les problmes d'ensemble du fasciste semained on 10 juillet 1934. ditions de la Toison d'or et PUF were published in 1941. The city of Herinneringen was founded in 1941. ditions de la Toison d'Or was published in 1942. ditions de la Toison d'or were written in 1944. Au-del du nationalisme.The Genve, ditions du Cheval ailé was published in 1946. The prince seul. 45 années de socialisme européen, Genve, ditions du Cheval ailé, 1948. Jacques Cur, argentier du Roy, was born in Tardy in 1951. De l'allemand par Fernand Delmas, Paris, Flammarion, 1954. Deux documents sur la période de la seconde guerre mondiale, parMichel Brélaz, Genve, ditions des Antipodes, 1989. Chapter 4 is included in the References Bibliography.The International Institute of Social History Entry has online links to the <mask> <mask> archive.

22869495

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milko%20Foucault-Larche

Milko Foucault-Larche

Milko Foucault – Larche (born Milko Foucault – Larche (pronounced 'fooko-lar-shay') on [1 June 1960] is a Mauritian Australian entertainer. He is best known in Australia for his tribute to Charles Aznavour, "Aznavour... From Today" and most likely the only Aznavour tribute of its kind in Australia. He made his stage debut in 1978 working with a French Theatre Company touring Mauritius. During his first theatrical season, Milko played a small part in the world premiere of Mauritian Operetta Surcouf, performed at the Port Louis Municipal Theatre with French tenor Jose Todaro in the title role. Other operettas during that season include The Gipsy Princess, The Count of Luxemburg, The Merry Widow and La Route Fleurie. In that same year, Milko made his debut on Mauritian Television singing the French song J'attendrai, which was made famous by Edith Piaf. During the ensuing years, Milko then a student of Mauritian tenor Max Moutia, regularly appeared in clubs and hotels around the island. In 1979, Milko co–produced with Bernard Desvaux de Marigny a stage show on the music of Surcouf, that was later produced for the Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation – MBC, The Mauritian National Television. In 1981, Milko produced and directed his first big production, IL etait une fois L'Operette at the Port Louis Municipal Theatre. The show consisted of a 28 piece orchestra, a chorus of 30, 6 dancers and 6 lead singers including Milko. The show proved very successful with the Mauritian audience with 2 additional performances being added to the initial run. In 1984, Milko was again employed by another Theatre Company touring Mauritius under the direction of French conductor Andre Martial; a former conductor at Le Chatelet in Paris. In the lead to this 1984 season, Milko was the representative for the French investors to the Mauritian authorities, co-ordinating the organisation of the season. Milko performed in the following operettas: La Belle de Cadix, The Merry Widow, Quatre Jours a Paris & Le Chanteur de Mexico. In that same year, Milko sang one of the leads in the French show PATHEPHONIE directed by Gerard Manuel. The show was produced to commemorate the 100 years of the Alliance Francaise in Mauritius. Earlier in the year, Milko sang the tenor role in Mozart's Requiem under the direction of Mauritian Conductor Gerard Lahausse de la Louvière. Upon arriving in Australia, Milko studied with New Zealand Bass Grant Dickson and 2 years later made his debut as Luiz in Parramatta Theatre Company production of The Gondoliers. Other roles with various theatre companies around Sydney include Nathaniel & Franz in The Tales of Hoffmann, Camille de Rosillon in The Merry Widow. In the mid nineties, Milko returned to popular music and started working in the club scene within Sydney's metropolitan region, scoring two Mo Awards nominations in 1996 & 1997. Milko released his first album entitled To Dream in early 1998, produced by Miles Harris. Milko toured for a few years with the stage show European Connection before producing his own show Hats off To Broadway which quickly became popular within the club circuit. Hats Off To Broadway also starred Rikelle Turner, Sheridan Gaudry and the Hats off show girls under the musical direction of John Watson. In 2002, he starred in a new production Moulin Bergere, a show that brought Milko back to French popular music and in spring 2003, Milko produced and starred in the first Aznavour show in Australia. Aznavour...From Today, directed by Rikelle Turner is still working in Australia today. In 2006, Milko made his international debut in the States performing a cabaret version of Aznavour...From Today at The Manor, the dream venue of all Cabaret performers accompanied by New York-based Musical Director Tex Arnold. Also in 2006, Milko released the first Aznavour album by an Australian recording artist, produced by guitar sensation and producer Clive Lendich. Clive is the only Australian musician of the American group The Manhattan Transfer. Following his International debut and the release of his new album, Milko has emerged in the last few years as one of the leading ambassadors of French popular music in Australia. He has also brought to the stage in 2007 his production, Under Paris Skies, and his one man show, Strictly Continental. In 2008, he returned to the Cabaret scene with his show, Pardon My French and performed at the Rugby World Cup in Canberra performing the French National Anthem before the match between France and Scotland. In 2009, he won the 2009 BEST INTERNATIONAL THEME PERFORMER in Australia with his show AZNAVOUR...FROM TODAY. In summer 2010, Milko opened EUROPEAN CARNEVALE SPECTACULAR at The Juniors, one of Sydney's leading clubs. In March Milko was invited to perform The for a Canadian Insurance company having their conference in Sydney. In June 2010, Milko was nominated for an Australian "MO" Award in the BEST INTERNATIONAL PERFORMER category and later that year, Milko made his directorial debuts, producing and directing NOSTALGIE LYRIQUE, a show of French Opera & French Operetta. Nostalgie Lyrique was the first show of its kind to be produced in Australia. Early in 2011, Milko released a new album of French songs recorded in 2010 with various Sydney based Producers. The album "If you love me " is a selection of songs from Aznavour, Piaf & Bécaud. In April Milko released on YouTube the Jacques Brel classic "If We Only Have Love" recorded early in the year with stage partners Rikelle Turner & Sheridan Gaudry. Musical arrangement by Les Dempsey and the vocal arrangement by Ingrid Sakurovs. Early July Milko partnered with French chanteuse Amandine Petit for a Jacques Brel tribute at Guillaume on Bennelong at The Sydney Opera House for the Chris O'Brien Foundation Charity lunch. With 2 new shows in 2012; THE FRENCH CROONERS & BY POPULAR DEMAND, Milko now has a catalogue of 8 productions available for booking." Milko Foucault –Larche Linkedin" gives a complete list of all productions and their various band combinations. Also in 2012, Milko produced & directed the second edition of Nostalgie Lyrique at Petersham Town Hall in Sydney with a cast of 41 . A sold-out performance to an enthusiastic audience; some of which had travelled from Melbourne to be part of this event described as "the French Musical event " of the year in Sydney. Milko made his return to Opera with the aria "Ah! Mes Amis" from Donizetti's " La Fille du Régiment" (The Daughter of the Regiment) and also performed the French adaptation of the very famous Barinkay's Aria from Strauss's Gipsy Baron, and excerpts from The Merry Widow, The White Horse Inn, Le Chanteur de Mexico and Surcouf (The first Mauritian Operetta). In July 2013, Milko produced & directed PARIS BY NIGHT, another French show exclusive to The South Sydney Juniors Club in Sydney with two sold-out performances. The shows included leading lady, Rikelle Turner, The Fabulous Popset Dancers and The Sydney Cosmopolitan Quartet under The Musical direction of John Watson. Choreography: Debbie Graham – Lloyd. Earlier in that same month of July Milko had produced a new show titled SINCERELY YOURS, a show aimed at our Seniors. 2013 was all about the 10 year anniversary of AZNAVOUR...FROM TODAY, still the first and only Aznavour show in Australia. To mark this milestone, Milko embarked on taking the show to the most prestigious and iconic Art Centre in Australia: The Sydney Opera House with a one night only performance on 30 October. Milko presented a revamped version of AZNAVOUR...FROM TODAY at The Studio – Sydney Opera House. This new version of the show was directed by English – Australian actor Barry Quin, accompanied by The Sydney Cosmopolitan Orchestra along with Rikelle Turner, Sheridan Gaudry & Steve Brown and under the Musical Direction of John Watson. One of the "show – stoppers" of that performance was Charles Aznavour's Ave Maria; which possibly was a first in Australia and resulted in a standing ovation in the middle of the show. A few weeks later, Milko recorded a studio version of the Aznavour Ave Maria for what he's described as "an Ave Maria of modern times" and was produced by Marcus Holden in Sydney. In 2014, Milko ventured into pop music and keeping up with the romantic music style that he prefers, he created ENGELBERT...The Way it used to be. The show opening at Revesby Workers Club in Sydney in October. In 2015 & 2016, Milko launched yet another Australian first by teaming up a production of ‘Engelbert with Tom Jones’ on the same stage.TOM JONES & ENGELBERT TOGETHER AT LAST opened in July 2015 and played some of the major rooms in Sydney. In 2016, a revamped version of Tom Jones & Engelbert welcomed a new Tom Jones performed by Australian Entertainer Jeff Fallon. 2016 was over all a huge year of creations and revamped shows for Milko. Early in the year, a sold out Aznavour show ; a dusted & revamped production at Glen Street Theatre on Sydney's North shore. In June, Milko teamed up with long time friend & musical director John Watson ( Mr Minsky) to create STRICTLY ROMANCE. July saw 2 more creations: CAROUSEL OF SONGS in partnership with Rikelle Brown. A Variety show where Milko & Rikelle bring their favourite styles together and combine their ability to venture in various genre. From Al Jolson to The Beatles, from Piaf to Olivia Newton John, from Air Supply to The Seekers. “Carousel of Songs” is simply an explosion of styles. Twenty four hours later yet another opening night. A NIGHT IN PARIS, produced exclusively for The Juniors. Milko returning to the famous venue, leading a fabulous cast to dish out “la crème de la crème” of French International music to 2 enthusiastic crowds roaring their appreciation. Two new works in the making. I DIDN’T SEE THE TIME GO BY...The Aznavour Journey, designed for Theatres. A new production that draws from the Armenian heritage of the Legendary Charles Aznavour. From The mountains of Armenia to the bright lights of Paris. And LEGACY OF LOVE...The Engelbert Story. A recreation of two milestone performances of the British entertainer also known as “The King of Romance”. The best moments of the 1985 Engelbert Spectacular at The Royal Albert Hall & The Engelbert Live 2000 at The London Palladium. This latest production has been designed to be performed with a String Orchestra. In this audacious venture, Milko has teamed up with one of the most active, prolific & sought-after Orchestras in Australia: THE METROPOLITAN ORCHESTRA. In 2017, Milko made his "London" debut at the iconic BRASSERIE ZÉDEL - Crazy Coqs Cabaret performing his One-Man Show " Aznavour ...From Today" accompanied by London-based Musical Director Nathan Martin. That same year, Milko created a new production in Sydney, TENORS UNITED that run until 2018. In 2018, it was time for Milko to return to the passion of his early years: French Operetta. "Il était une fois L'Opérette" was brought to the stage in Spring 2018. Milko sharing the stage with French-Australian Soprano Émilie Lemasson and Mauritian-born Tenor Lindsay Xavier. French operetta has a very small niche in Sydney & Melbourne and the decline in audience always make these ventures quite risky. Nevertheless, the show was very successful and in 2019, Milko & Lindsay Xavier went on to perform the show in Melbourne. In the summer of 2018, Milko started working on his most ambitious project. A show based on the lives and the music of the two most iconic French Entertainers of all time; Edith Piaf and Charles Aznavour. PIAF AND AZNAVOUR - Back in Time (Comme Autrefois) opened in Sydney in April 2019 with Corinne Andrew playing PIAF and Milko playing AZNAVOUR. Musical Director: Nick Bavarelli (Piano/ Accordion) and Peter Toohey (Double Bass/Acoustic Guitar). Part Theatre, part Cabaret, PIAF AND AZNAVOUR - Back in Time is the ONLY show of its kind in the World. The production has received rave reviews from Theatre audiences but also from Theatre Directors. Unfortunately, COVID-19 has slowed down the prospects of overseas touring. In 2021, despite the difficulties of operating in a Covid environment with lockdowns and restrictions, Milko created the first FRENCH MUSIC FESTIVAL - Francophonie 2021 in March presented by Top Note Promotions. Though some events had to be cancelled, the Festival still managed to present 6 events in NSW. Two new productions were created for the Festival: PARIS AFTER DARK & PIAF, AZNAVOUR & FRIENDS. References Living people Australian male singers Australian male musical theatre actors 1960 births

<mask> – Larche (born <mask> – Larche (pronounced 'fooko-lar-shay') on [1 June 1960] is a Mauritian Australian entertainer. He is best known in Australia for his tribute to Charles Aznavour, "Aznavour... From Today" and most likely the only Aznavour tribute of its kind in Australia. He made his stage debut in 1978 working with a French Theatre Company touring Mauritius. During his first theatrical season, <mask> played a small part in the world premiere of Mauritian Operetta Surcouf, performed at the Port Louis Municipal Theatre with French tenor Jose Todaro in the title role. Other operettas during that season include The Gipsy Princess, The Count of Luxemburg, The Merry Widow and La Route Fleurie. In that same year, <mask> made his debut on Mauritian Television singing the French song J'attendrai, which was made famous by Edith Piaf. During the ensuing years, <mask> then a student of Mauritian tenor Max Moutia, regularly appeared in clubs and hotels around the island.In 1979, <mask> co–produced with Bernard Desvaux de Marigny a stage show on the music of Surcouf, that was later produced for the Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation – MBC, The Mauritian National Television. In 1981, Milko produced and directed his first big production, IL etait une fois L'Operette at the Port Louis Municipal Theatre. The show consisted of a 28 piece orchestra, a chorus of 30, 6 dancers and 6 lead singers including <mask>. The show proved very successful with the Mauritian audience with 2 additional performances being added to the initial run. In 1984, <mask> was again employed by another Theatre Company touring Mauritius under the direction of French conductor Andre Martial; a former conductor at Le Chatelet in Paris. In the lead to this 1984 season, Milko was the representative for the French investors to the Mauritian authorities, co-ordinating the organisation of the season. Milko performed in the following operettas: La Belle de Cadix, The Merry Widow, Quatre Jours a Paris & Le Chanteur de Mexico.In that same year, <mask> sang one of the leads in the French show PATHEPHONIE directed by Gerard Manuel. The show was produced to commemorate the 100 years of the Alliance Francaise in Mauritius. Earlier in the year, <mask> sang the tenor role in Mozart's Requiem under the direction of Mauritian Conductor Gerard Lahausse de la Louvière. Upon arriving in Australia, Milko studied with New Zealand Bass Grant Dickson and 2 years later made his debut as Luiz in Parramatta Theatre Company production of The Gondoliers. Other roles with various theatre companies around Sydney include Nathaniel & Franz in The Tales of Hoffmann, Camille de Rosillon in The Merry Widow. In the mid nineties, <mask> returned to popular music and started working in the club scene within Sydney's metropolitan region, scoring two Mo Awards nominations in 1996 & 1997. <mask> released his first album entitled To Dream in early 1998, produced by Miles Harris.<mask> toured for a few years with the stage show European Connection before producing his own show Hats off To Broadway which quickly became popular within the club circuit. Hats Off To Broadway also starred Rikelle Turner, Sheridan Gaudry and the Hats off show girls under the musical direction of John Watson. In 2002, he starred in a new production Moulin Bergere, a show that brought Milko back to French popular music and in spring 2003, Milko produced and starred in the first Aznavour show in Australia. Aznavour...From Today, directed by Rikelle Turner is still working in Australia today. In 2006, <mask> made his international debut in the States performing a cabaret version of Aznavour...From Today at The Manor, the dream venue of all Cabaret performers accompanied by New York-based Musical Director Tex Arnold. Also in 2006, Milko released the first Aznavour album by an Australian recording artist, produced by guitar sensation and producer Clive Lendich. Clive is the only Australian musician of the American group The Manhattan Transfer.Following his International debut and the release of his new album, <mask> has emerged in the last few years as one of the leading ambassadors of French popular music in Australia. He has also brought to the stage in 2007 his production, Under Paris Skies, and his one man show, Strictly Continental. In 2008, he returned to the Cabaret scene with his show, Pardon My French and performed at the Rugby World Cup in Canberra performing the French National Anthem before the match between France and Scotland. In 2009, he won the 2009 BEST INTERNATIONAL THEME PERFORMER in Australia with his show AZNAVOUR...FROM TODAY. In summer 2010, <mask> opened EUROPEAN CARNEVALE SPECTACULAR at The Juniors, one of Sydney's leading clubs. In March Milko was invited to perform The for a Canadian Insurance company having their conference in Sydney. In June 2010, <mask> was nominated for an Australian "MO" Award in the BEST INTERNATIONAL PERFORMER category and later that year, Milko made his directorial debuts, producing and directing NOSTALGIE LYRIQUE, a show of French Opera & French Operetta.Nostalgie Lyrique was the first show of its kind to be produced in Australia. Early in 2011, Milko released a new album of French songs recorded in 2010 with various Sydney based Producers. The album "If you love me " is a selection of songs from Aznavour, Piaf & Bécaud. In April Milko released on YouTube the Jacques Brel classic "If We Only Have Love" recorded early in the year with stage partners Rikelle Turner & Sheridan Gaudry. Musical arrangement by Les Dempsey and the vocal arrangement by Ingrid Sakurovs. Early July Milko partnered with French chanteuse Amandine Petit for a Jacques Brel tribute at Guillaume on Bennelong at The Sydney Opera House for the Chris O'Brien Foundation Charity lunch. With 2 new shows in 2012; THE FRENCH CROONERS & BY POPULAR DEMAND, Milko now has a catalogue of 8 productions available for booking."<mask> Foucault –Larche Linkedin" gives a complete list of all productions and their various band combinations. Also in 2012, Milko produced & directed the second edition of Nostalgie Lyrique at Petersham Town Hall in Sydney with a cast of 41 . A sold-out performance to an enthusiastic audience; some of which had travelled from Melbourne to be part of this event described as "the French Musical event " of the year in Sydney. <mask> made his return to Opera with the aria "Ah! Mes Amis" from Donizetti's " La Fille du Régiment" (The Daughter of the Regiment) and also performed the French adaptation of the very famous Barinkay's Aria from Strauss's Gipsy Baron, and excerpts from The Merry Widow, The White Horse Inn, Le Chanteur de Mexico and Surcouf (The first Mauritian Operetta). In July 2013, Milko produced & directed PARIS BY NIGHT, another French show exclusive to The South Sydney Juniors Club in Sydney with two sold-out performances. The shows included leading lady, Rikelle Turner, The Fabulous Popset Dancers and The Sydney Cosmopolitan Quartet under The Musical direction of John Watson.Choreography: Debbie Graham – Lloyd. Earlier in that same month of July <mask> had produced a new show titled SINCERELY YOURS, a show aimed at our Seniors. 2013 was all about the 10 year anniversary of AZNAVOUR...FROM TODAY, still the first and only Aznavour show in Australia. To mark this milestone, <mask> embarked on taking the show to the most prestigious and iconic Art Centre in Australia: The Sydney Opera House with a one night only performance on 30 October. <mask> presented a revamped version of AZNAVOUR...FROM TODAY at The Studio – Sydney Opera House. This new version of the show was directed by English – Australian actor Barry Quin, accompanied by The Sydney Cosmopolitan Orchestra along with Rikelle Turner, Sheridan Gaudry & Steve Brown and under the Musical Direction of John Watson. One of the "show – stoppers" of that performance was Charles Aznavour's Ave Maria; which possibly was a first in Australia and resulted in a standing ovation in the middle of the show.A few weeks later, <mask> recorded a studio version of the Aznavour Ave Maria for what he's described as "an Ave Maria of modern times" and was produced by Marcus Holden in Sydney. In 2014, Milko ventured into pop music and keeping up with the romantic music style that he prefers, he created ENGELBERT...The Way it used to be. The show opening at Revesby Workers Club in Sydney in October. In 2015 & 2016, <mask> launched yet another Australian first by teaming up a production of ‘Engelbert with Tom Jones’ on the same stage.TOM JONES & ENGELBERT TOGETHER AT LAST opened in July 2015 and played some of the major rooms in Sydney. In 2016, a revamped version of Tom Jones & Engelbert welcomed a new Tom Jones performed by Australian Entertainer Jeff Fallon. 2016 was over all a huge year of creations and revamped shows for Milko. Early in the year, a sold out Aznavour show ; a dusted & revamped production at Glen Street Theatre on Sydney's North shore.In June, <mask> teamed up with long time friend & musical director John Watson ( Mr Minsky) to create STRICTLY ROMANCE. July saw 2 more creations: CAROUSEL OF SONGS in partnership with Rikelle Brown. A Variety show where <mask> & Rikelle bring their favourite styles together and combine their ability to venture in various genre. From Al Jolson to The Beatles, from Piaf to Olivia Newton John, from Air Supply to The Seekers. “Carousel of Songs” is simply an explosion of styles. Twenty four hours later yet another opening night. A NIGHT IN PARIS, produced exclusively for The Juniors.<mask> returning to the famous venue, leading a fabulous cast to dish out “la crème de la crème” of French International music to 2 enthusiastic crowds roaring their appreciation. Two new works in the making. I DIDN’T SEE THE TIME GO BY...The Aznavour Journey, designed for Theatres. A new production that draws from the Armenian heritage of the Legendary Charles Aznavour. From The mountains of Armenia to the bright lights of Paris. And LEGACY OF LOVE...The Engelbert Story. A recreation of two milestone performances of the British entertainer also known as “The King of Romance”.The best moments of the 1985 Engelbert Spectacular at The Royal Albert Hall & The Engelbert Live 2000 at The London Palladium. This latest production has been designed to be performed with a String Orchestra. In this audacious venture, <mask> has teamed up with one of the most active, prolific & sought-after Orchestras in Australia: THE METROPOLITAN ORCHESTRA. In 2017, <mask> made his "London" debut at the iconic BRASSERIE ZÉDEL - Crazy Coqs Cabaret performing his One-Man Show " Aznavour ...From Today" accompanied by London-based Musical Director Nathan Martin. That same year, <mask> created a new production in Sydney, TENORS UNITED that run until 2018. In 2018, it was time for <mask> to return to the passion of his early years: French Operetta. "Il était une fois L'Opérette" was brought to the stage in Spring 2018.<mask> sharing the stage with French-Australian Soprano Émilie Lemasson and Mauritian-born Tenor Lindsay Xavier. French operetta has a very small niche in Sydney & Melbourne and the decline in audience always make these ventures quite risky. Nevertheless, the show was very successful and in 2019, <mask> & Lindsay Xavier went on to perform the show in Melbourne. In the summer of 2018, <mask> started working on his most ambitious project. A show based on the lives and the music of the two most iconic French Entertainers of all time; Edith Piaf and Charles Aznavour. PIAF AND AZNAVOUR - Back in Time (Comme Autrefois) opened in Sydney in April 2019 with Corinne Andrew playing PIAF and <mask> playing AZNAVOUR. Musical Director: Nick Bavarelli (Piano/ Accordion) and Peter Toohey (Double Bass/Acoustic Guitar).Part Theatre, part Cabaret, PIAF AND AZNAVOUR - Back in Time is the ONLY show of its kind in the World. The production has received rave reviews from Theatre audiences but also from Theatre Directors. Unfortunately, COVID-19 has slowed down the prospects of overseas touring. In 2021, despite the difficulties of operating in a Covid environment with lockdowns and restrictions, <mask> created the first FRENCH MUSIC FESTIVAL - Francophonie 2021 in March presented by Top Note Promotions. Though some events had to be cancelled, the Festival still managed to present 6 events in NSW. Two new productions were created for the Festival: PARIS AFTER DARK & PIAF, AZNAVOUR & FRIENDS. References Living people Australian male singers Australian male musical theatre actors 1960 births

<mask> was born in June 1960 and is an Australian entertainer. "Aznavour... From Today" is the only Aznavour tribute of its kind in Australia. He made his stage debut in 1978 as a member of the French Theatre Company. <mask> played a small part in the world premiere of Mauritian Operetta surcouf, performed at the Port Louis Municipal Theatre with Jose Todaro in the title role. The Gipsy Princess is one of the operettas that was performed during that season. <mask> made his television debut singing the French song J'attendrai, which was made famous by Edith Piaf. Milko was frequently seen in clubs and hotels around the island during the ensuing years.<mask> co–produced with Bernard Desvaux de Marigny a stage show on the music of Surcouf that was later produced for the MBC. <mask> produced and directed L'Operette in 1981 at the Port Louis Municipal Theatre. A chorus of 30, 6 dancers and 6 lead singers were in the show. 2 additional performances were added to the initial run of the show as it proved very successful with the audience. <mask> was employed by another theatre company in 1984 under the direction of a French conductor. <mask> was the representative for the French investors in the lead up to the 1984 season. Milko performed in five operettas: La Belle de Cadix, The Merry Widow, Quatre Jours a Paris, and Le Chanteur de Mexico.<mask> was one of the leads in the French show PATHEPHONIE. The show commemorates the 100 years of the Alliance Francaise. <mask> performed in Mozart's Requiem under the direction of Lahausse de la Louvire. Milko studied with a New Zealand Bass and made his debut in a theatre company's production. The Tales of Hoffmann, The Merry Widow, and Nathaniel & Franz are some of the roles that have been played by other actors. <mask> was nominated for two Mo Awards in 1996 and 1997 for his work in the club scene. <mask> released his first album in 1998.<mask> toured for a few years with the stage show European Connection before producing his own show Hats off to Broadway which quickly became popular within the club circuit. The Hats off show girls and Rikelle Turner were in Hats Off To Broadway. <mask> produced and starred in the first Aznavour show in Australia in the spring of 2003 and in 2002, he starred in a new production that brought Milko back to French popular music. Rikelle Turner is still working in Australia. <mask> made his international debut in the States performing a cabaret version of Aznavour...From Today at The Manor, the dream venue of all Cabaret performers accompanied by New York-based Musical Director Tex Arnold. Milko released the first Aznavour album in 2006 by an Australian recording artist. Clive is an Australian musician.<mask> has become one of the leading ambassadors of French popular music in Australia after his International debut and the release of his new album. Under Paris Skies and Strictly Continental were both productions that he brought to the stage in 2007. He returned to the Cabaret scene in 2008 with his show, Pardon My French, and performed the French National Anthem before the Rugby World Cup match between France and Scotland. He won the Best International Performer in Australia in 2009. <mask> opened EUROPEAN CARNEVALE SPECTACULAR at The Juniors in the summer of 2010. <mask> was invited to perform at a Canadian insurance company's conference in Australia. <mask> made his directorial debut, producing and directing a show of French Opera and French Operetta, after being nominated for an Australian "MO" Award in the best international performer category.The first show of its kind was produced in Australia. <mask> released a new album of French songs early in 2011. A selection of songs from Aznavour, Piaf and Bécaud can be found on the album "If you love me". <mask> recorded the Jacques Brel song "If We Only Have Love" early in the year with his partner Rikelle Turner. Musical arrangement and vocal arrangement by two people. <mask> and Amandine Petit hosted a Jacques Brel tribute at Guillaume on Bennelong in July for the Chris O'Brien Foundation charity lunch. Milko has a catalogue of 8 productions that are available for booking.<mask> Foucault gives a complete list of all productions. <mask> directed the second edition of Nostalgie lyrique at Petersham Town Hall in Australia with a cast of 41. A sold-out performance to an enthusiastic audience; some of which had travelled from Melbourne to be part of this event. <mask> returned to Opera with a song. The French version of " La Fille du Régiment", "Mes Amis", and excerpts from "The Merry Widow" were performed. <mask> directed and produced Paris by Night, a French show that sold out two times in Australia. The shows included a leading lady, Rikelle Turner.Lloyd was choreographed by Debbie Graham. <mask> produced a new show called "sincerely yours" in the month of July. The first and only Aznavour show in Australia was celebrated 10 years ago. <mask> decided to take the show to the most prestigious and iconoclastic Art Centre in Australia: The Sydney Opera House. <mask> presented a new version of the opera at the opera house. The new version of the show was directed by Australian actor Barry Quin, accompanied by Rikelle Turner, Steve Brown, and the Musical Direction of John Watson. Charles Aznavour's Ave Maria may have been a first in Australia and resulted in a standing ovation in the middle of the show.<mask> recorded a studio version of the Aznavour Ave Maria, which he said was an Ave Maria of modern times. <mask> went into pop music in order to keep up with the romantic music style that he likes. The show is opening in October. <mask> launched another Australian first by teaming up a production of 'Engelbert with Tom Jones' on the same stage. A new version of Tom Jones was performed by an Australian entertainer. The year of creation was over for <mask>. There was a sold out Aznavour show early in the year at Glen Street Theatre.<mask> and John Minsky collaborated on a musical in June. CAROUSEL OF SONGS was created in partnership with Rikelle Brown. <mask> and Rikelle bring their favourite styles together in a variety show. From Al Jolson to The Beatles, from Air Supply to The Seekers. An explosion of styles is what "Carousel of Songs" is all about. Another opening night followed by twenty four hours. A night in Paris was produced by The Juniors.<mask> returned to the famous venue, leading a fabulous cast to dish out "la crme de la crme" of French International music to 2 enthusiastic crowds. There are two new works in the making. The Aznavour Journey was designed for theaters. The production is based on the heritage of Charles Aznavour. The mountains of Armenia lead to the bright lights of Paris. The Engelbert Story is about love. The King of Romance is also known as a recreation of two milestone performances.The best moments of the 1985 Engelbert Spectacular were at The Royal Albert Hall. The production will be performed with a string orchestra. <mask> and The Metropolitan Orchestra are one of the most active, prolific and sought-after Orchestras in Australia. <mask> made his "London" debut at the BRASSERIE Zdel - Crazy Coqs Cabaret performing his One-Man Show " Aznavour...From Today" accompanied by London-based Musical Director Nathan Martin. In the same year, <mask> created a new production in Australia. <mask> returned to the passion of his early years: French Operetta. "L'Opérette" was brought to the stage in the spring of 2018).<mask> was sharing the stage with three other people. The decline in audience makes French operetta ventures quite risky in Australia. <mask> and Lindsay were able to perform the show in Melbourne in 2019. <mask> started working on his most ambitious project in the summer of last year. The lives and music of Edith Piaf and Charles Aznavour are the subject of a show. PIAF AND AZNAVOUR - Back in Time opened in Australia in April of 2019. The musical directors are Nick Bavarelli and Peter Toohey.Back in Time is the only show of its kind in the world. The production received rave reviews from both Theatre audiences and Theatre Directors. The chances of overseas touring have been slowed down by COVID-19. Milko created the first French Music Festival - Francophonie in March of 2021, despite the difficulties of operating in a Covid environment. The Festival was able to present 6 events in the state. There are two new productions for the Festival. There are references to Australian male singers and musical theatre actors.

896294

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Greengard

Paul Greengard

Paul Greengard (December 11, 1925 – April 13, 2019) was an American neuroscientist best known for his work on the molecular and cellular function of neurons. In 2000, Greengard, Arvid Carlsson and Eric Kandel were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system. He was Vincent Astor Professor at Rockefeller University, and served on the Scientific Advisory Board of the Cure Alzheimer's Fund, as well as the Scientific Council of the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation. He was married to artist Ursula von Rydingsvard. Biography Greengard was born in New York City, the son of Pearl (née Meister) and Benjamin Greengard, a vaudeville comedian. His older sister was actress Irene Kane, who later became a writer by the name of Chris Chase; she died in 2013, aged 89. Their mother died in childbirth and their father remarried in 1927. The Greengard siblings' parents were Jewish, but their stepmother was Episcopalian. He and his sister were "brought up in the Christian tradition". During World War II, he served in the United States Navy as an electronics technician at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology working on an early warning system against Japanese kamikaze planes. After World War II, he attended Hamilton College where he graduated in 1948 with a bachelor's degree in mathematics and physics. He decided against graduate school in physics because most post-war physics research was focusing on nuclear weapons, and instead became interested in biophysics. Greengard began his graduate studies at Johns Hopkins University in the lab of Haldan Keffer Hartline. Inspired by a lecture by Alan Hodgkin, Greengard began work on the molecular and cellular function of neurons. He received his PhD in 1953 and began postdoctoral work at the University of London, Cambridge University, and the University of Amsterdam. Greengard then became director of the Department of Biochemistry at the Geigy Research Laboratories. After leaving Geigy in 1967, he worked briefly at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Vanderbilt University before taking a position as Professor in the Department of Pharmacology at Yale University. In 1983 he joined the faculty of The Rockefeller University. Greengard was a member of the Board of Scientific Governors at The Scripps Research Institute. He was the acting chairman of the Fisher Center for Alzheimer's Research Foundation and served on the board of the Michael Stern Parkinson's Research Foundation, which later merged with The Michael J. Fox Foundation. Both internationally renowned foundations support the research conducted in the Greengard laboratory at The Rockefeller University. He died on April 13, 2019. Research Greengard's research focused on events inside the neuron caused by neurotransmitters. Specifically, Greengard and his fellow researchers studied the behavior of second messenger cascades that transform the docking of a neurotransmitter with a receptor into permanent changes in the neuron. In a series of experiments, Greengard and his colleagues showed that when dopamine interacts with a receptor on the cell membrane of a neuron, it causes an increase in cyclic AMP inside the cell. This increase of cyclic AMP, in turn activates a protein called protein kinase A, which turns other proteins on or off by adding phosphate groups in a reaction known as phosphorylation. The proteins activated by phosphorylation can then perform a number of changes in the cell: transcribing DNA to make new proteins, moving more receptors to the synapse (and thus increasing the neuron's sensitivity), or moving ion channels to the cell surface (and thus increasing the cell's excitability). He shared the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Arvid Carlsson and Eric Kandel for his work on the central regulatory protein DARPP-32. Family Paul Greengard had two sons from his first marriage, Claude and Leslie. Claude Greengard holds a PhD in mathematics from UC Berkeley, and is the Founder of Foss Hill Partners. Leslie holds an MD from the Yale School of Medicine and a PhD in computer science from Yale University, and is a professor of mathematics and computer science at and former director of the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at NYU, a winner of the Steele Prize for a seminal contribution to research, a recipient of both a Packard Foundation Fellowship and an NSF Presidential Young Investigator Award, and a member of both the U.S. National Academy of Engineering and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. In 1985, Paul Greengard married internationally renowned sculptor Ursula von Rydingsvard, who has received numerous awards and grants, including two awards from the National Endowment of the Arts, a Guggenheim Fellowship, the Skowhegan Medal for Sculpture, and three awards from the American section of the International Association of Art Critics. von Rydingsvard is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, and her artworks are among the permanent collections of the Museum of Modern Art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Brooklyn Museum, the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, the National Gallery of Art and the Walker Art Center. Discrimination complaints In February 2018, a federal jury in the Southern District of New York found The Rockefeller University liable for discrimination based on race and national origin which occurred in 2007 in the lab of, and under the supervision of, Greengard. Pearl Meister Greengard Prize Paul Greengard used his Nobel Prize honorarium to help fund the Pearl Meister Greengard Prize, an award for women scientists. The award is named after his mother, who died during childbirth. It was established in 2004 to shine a spotlight on exceptional women in science, since, as Greengard observed, "[women] are not yet receiving awards and honors at a level commensurate with their achievements." The annual prize is awarded to an outstanding woman conducting biomedical research. Awards and honors Elected member of the National Academy of Sciences (1978) Elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1978) NAS Award in the Neurosciences from the National Academy of Sciences (1991) Elected member of the American Philosophical Society (1994) Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement (2002) Honoris causa degree in Medicine, (September 2007) University of Brescia Member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters References Sources Les Prix Nobel. 2001. The Nobel Prizes 2000, Editor Tore Frängsmyr, Nobel Foundation: Stockholm. External links including the Nobel Lecture on 8 December 2000 The Neurobiology of Dopamine Signaling The Greengard Lab at The Rockefeller University Paul Greengard US Patents 1925 births 2019 deaths Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine American Nobel laureates Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences American neuroscientists Jewish neuroscientists Cognitive neuroscientists Jewish physicians Hamilton College (New York) alumni Johns Hopkins University alumni Academics of the University of Cambridge Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Members of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Scripps Research Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters Rockefeller University people Military personnel from New York City Scientists from New York City United States Navy personnel of World War II United States Navy sailors Members of the American Philosophical Society

<mask> (December 11, 1925 – April 13, 2019) was an American neuroscientist best known for his work on the molecular and cellular function of neurons. In 2000, <mask>, Arvid Carlsson and Eric Kandel were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system. He was Vincent Astor Professor at Rockefeller University, and served on the Scientific Advisory Board of the Cure Alzheimer's Fund, as well as the Scientific Council of the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation. He was married to artist Ursula von Rydingsvard. Biography <mask> was born in New York City, the son of Pearl (née Meister) and <mask>, a vaudeville comedian. His older sister was actress Irene Kane, who later became a writer by the name of Chris Chase; she died in 2013, aged 89. Their mother died in childbirth and their father remarried in 1927.The <mask> siblings' parents were Jewish, but their stepmother was Episcopalian. He and his sister were "brought up in the Christian tradition". During World War II, he served in the United States Navy as an electronics technician at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology working on an early warning system against Japanese kamikaze planes. After World War II, he attended Hamilton College where he graduated in 1948 with a bachelor's degree in mathematics and physics. He decided against graduate school in physics because most post-war physics research was focusing on nuclear weapons, and instead became interested in biophysics. <mask> began his graduate studies at Johns Hopkins University in the lab of Haldan Keffer Hartline. Inspired by a lecture by Alan Hodgkin, <mask> began work on the molecular and cellular function of neurons.He received his PhD in 1953 and began postdoctoral work at the University of London, Cambridge University, and the University of Amsterdam. <mask> then became director of the Department of Biochemistry at the Geigy Research Laboratories. After leaving Geigy in 1967, he worked briefly at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Vanderbilt University before taking a position as Professor in the Department of Pharmacology at Yale University. In 1983 he joined the faculty of The Rockefeller University. <mask> was a member of the Board of Scientific Governors at The Scripps Research Institute. He was the acting chairman of the Fisher Center for Alzheimer's Research Foundation and served on the board of the Michael Stern Parkinson's Research Foundation, which later merged with The Michael J. Fox Foundation.Both internationally renowned foundations support the research conducted in the <mask> laboratory at The Rockefeller University. He died on April 13, 2019. Research Greengard's research focused on events inside the neuron caused by neurotransmitters. Specifically, <mask> and his fellow researchers studied the behavior of second messenger cascades that transform the docking of a neurotransmitter with a receptor into permanent changes in the neuron. In a series of experiments, <mask> and his colleagues showed that when dopamine interacts with a receptor on the cell membrane of a neuron, it causes an increase in cyclic AMP inside the cell. This increase of cyclic AMP, in turn activates a protein called protein kinase A, which turns other proteins on or off by adding phosphate groups in a reaction known as phosphorylation. The proteins activated by phosphorylation can then perform a number of changes in the cell: transcribing DNA to make new proteins, moving more receptors to the synapse (and thus increasing the neuron's sensitivity), or moving ion channels to the cell surface (and thus increasing the cell's excitability).He shared the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Arvid Carlsson and Eric Kandel for his work on the central regulatory protein DARPP-32. Family <mask> had two sons from his first marriage, Claude and Leslie. <mask> holds a PhD in mathematics from UC Berkeley, and is the Founder of Foss Hill Partners. Leslie holds an MD from the Yale School of Medicine and a PhD in computer science from Yale University, and is a professor of mathematics and computer science at and former director of the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at NYU, a winner of the Steele Prize for a seminal contribution to research, a recipient of both a Packard Foundation Fellowship and an NSF Presidential Young Investigator Award, and a member of both the U.S. National Academy of Engineering and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. In 1985, <mask> married internationally renowned sculptor Ursula von Rydingsvard, who has received numerous awards and grants, including two awards from the National Endowment of the Arts, a Guggenheim Fellowship, the Skowhegan Medal for Sculpture, and three awards from the American section of the International Association of Art Critics. von Rydingsvard is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, and her artworks are among the permanent collections of the Museum of Modern Art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Brooklyn Museum, the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, the National Gallery of Art and the Walker Art Center. Discrimination complaints In February 2018, a federal jury in the Southern District of New York found The Rockefeller University liable for discrimination based on race and national origin which occurred in 2007 in the lab of, and under the supervision of, <mask>.Pearl Meister Greengard Prize <mask> used his Nobel Prize honorarium to help fund the Pearl Meister Greengard Prize, an award for women scientists. The award is named after his mother, who died during childbirth. It was established in 2004 to shine a spotlight on exceptional women in science, since, as <mask> observed, "[women] are not yet receiving awards and honors at a level commensurate with their achievements." The annual prize is awarded to an outstanding woman conducting biomedical research. Awards and honors Elected member of the National Academy of Sciences (1978) Elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1978) NAS Award in the Neurosciences from the National Academy of Sciences (1991) Elected member of the American Philosophical Society (1994) Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement (2002) Honoris causa degree in Medicine, (September 2007) University of Brescia Member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters References Sources Les Prix Nobel. 2001. The Nobel Prizes 2000, Editor Tore Frängsmyr, Nobel Foundation: Stockholm.External links including the Nobel Lecture on 8 December 2000 The Neurobiology of Dopamine Signaling The Greengard Lab at The Rockefeller University <mask> US Patents 1925 births 2019 deaths Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine American Nobel laureates Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences American neuroscientists Jewish neuroscientists Cognitive neuroscientists Jewish physicians Hamilton College (New York) alumni Johns Hopkins University alumni Academics of the University of Cambridge Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Members of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts Scripps Research Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters Rockefeller University people Military personnel from New York City Scientists from New York City United States Navy personnel of World War II United States Navy sailors Members of the American Philosophical Society

The American neuroscientist <mask> was best known for his work on the function of neurons. In 2000, <mask>, Arvid Carlsson and Eric Kandel were awarded the prize for their discoveries. He served on the Scientific Advisory Board of the Cure Alzheimer's Fund and the Scientific Council of the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation. He was married to an artist. The son of Pearl and <mask>, <mask> was born in New York City. His older sister, who became a writer under the name Chris Chase, died in 2013; she was 89. Their mother died in childbirth and their father remarried.The <mask> siblings' parents were Episcopalians. He and his sister were raised in the Christian tradition. He was an electronics technician at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology during World War II and worked on an early warning system against Japanese planes. He graduated from Hamilton College in 1948 with a bachelor's degree in mathematics and physics. Most post-war physics research was focused on nuclear weapons, so he decided against graduate school in physics. The lab of Haldan Keffer Hartline was where <mask> began his graduate studies. <mask> was inspired by a lecture by Alan Hodgkin.He worked at the University of London, Cambridge University, and the University of Amsterdam after receiving his PhD. At the Geigy Research Laboratories, <mask> became director of the Department of Biochemistry. After leaving Geigy in 1967, he worked for a short time at Albert Einstein College of Medicine and then as a professor at Yale University. He joined the faculty of The Rockefeller University in 1983. The Board of Scientific Governors was chaired by <mask>. He was the acting chairman of the Fisher Center for Alzheimer's Research Foundation and served on the board of the Michael Stern Parkinson's Research Foundation. The Fox Foundation is a charity.The <mask> laboratory at The Rockefeller University is supported by both internationally renowned foundations. He passed away on April 13, 2019. The events inside the neuron are caused by neurotransmitters. <mask> and his colleagues studied the behavior of second messenger cascades that transform the docking of a neurotransmitter with a receptor into permanent changes in the neuron. In a series of experiments, <mask> and his colleagues showed that when dopamine interacts with a receptor on the cell, it causes an increase in cyclicAMP inside the cell. In a reaction known asphosphorylation, the increase of the cyclicAMP causes the protein kinase A to turn on or off. The cell's excitability can be increased by moving ion channels to the cell surface or by increasing the neuron's sensitivity.He won the 2000 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Arvid Carlsson and Eric Kandel. <mask> had two sons from his first marriage. <mask> graduated from UC Berkeley with a PhD in mathematics. A recipient of the Steele Prize for a seminal contribution to research, a professor of mathematics and computer science at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at NYU, and an MD from the Yale School of Medicine,Leslie holds an MD from the Yale School of Medicine and a PhD in computer science from Two awards from the National Endowment of the Arts, a Guggenheim Fellowship, a Skowhegan Medal for Sculpture, and three awards from the American section of the International Association of Sculptors were given to <mask> in 1985 when he married internationally renowned sculptor Ursula von Rydingsvard. Among the permanent collections of the Museum of Modern Art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Brooklyn Museum, the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, the National Gallery of Art and the Walker are her artworks. A jury in the Southern District of New York found The Rockefeller University liable for discrimination based on race and national origin in 2007, under the supervision of <mask>.The Pearl Meister Greengard Prize is an award for women scientists. The award is named after his mother. Since women are not yet receiving awards and honors at a level that reflects their achievements, it was established to shine a spotlight on exceptional women in science. An outstanding woman is awarded the annual prize. A member of the National Academy of Sciences was elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1978. 2001. The editor of The Nobel Prizes 2000 is Tore Frngsmyr.The Greengard Lab at The Rockefeller University has links to the National Academy of Sciences.

25769556

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arindam%20Chakrabarti

Arindam Chakrabarti

Arindam Chakrabarti is, currently, a visiting professor of philosophy at Ashoka University, India. He is, also, a professor of philosophy at Stony Brook University, where he has been since 2018. Prior to moving to Stony Brook, Chakrabarti taught at the University of Hawaii, where he was the director of the EPOCH Project (Eastern Philosophy of Consciousness and the Humanities). Chakrabarti obtained his BA in 1976 and his MA in 1978, both from the University of Calcutta. He received his Ph.D. in 1982 from St. Anne's College at Oxford University. He held previously a teaching position at the University of Delhi. Selected publications Books Realisms Interlinked: Objects, Subjects and Other Subjects (24 chapters Monograph)— Contract Signed with Bloomsbury, London, published Sept, 2019. The Book of Questions: An Analytical Introduction to Indian Philosophy—Contract signed with Penguin Books, India. Forthcoming 2020. Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Indian Aesthetics and Philosophy of Art, February, 2017. Comparative Philosophy without Borders: Essays in Fusion Philosophy, co-edited with Ralph Weber, November, 2015, Bloomsbury-Continuum, London, UK. Engaged Emancipation: New Essays on Yogavāsiṣtha, Co-edited with Christopher Chapple, State University of New York Press, 2014. Mahābhārata Now: Narrative, Aesthetics, Ethics (Co-edited with Shibaji Bandyopadhyaya), Routledge India, and Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla, 2013. Apoha: Buddhist Nominalism and Human Cognition (Co-edited with Mark Siderits and Tom Tillemans), Columbia University Press, New York, 2011. Universals, Concepts, and Qualities: New Essays on the Meaning of Predicates, Ashgate Publishing, UK, May 2006, Co-edited with Sir Peter Strawson. Denying Existence (Book in the Synthese Library Series), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston, 1997. Epistemology, Meaning and Metaphysics After Matilal (edited anthology), Indian Institute of Advanced Studies, Studies in the Humanities Series Vol. II, 1996. Knowing from Words (Co-edited with Bimal Matilal), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Synthese Library Series, 1993 Selected articles “Can there be a science of Meditation?” in Thinking with the Yoga Sutra of Patanjali, ed: Chris Chapple and Ana Funes (Lexington Books 2019) “Meaning of Life in Vyasa (Mahabharata)” –invited refereed chapter in Meaning of Life and the Great Philosophers, ed by Stephen Leach et al, Routledge, 2018. “Free Will in Indian Thought”—invited refereed chapter in The Routledge Companion to Free Will edited by, Kevin Timpe, New York : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2017. “Welcome Home, through the Door: An Essay in Moral Phenomenology of Human Dwelling” in Locations: An Anthology of Architecture and Urbanism 01 (Annual of Architecture and Urbanism) Hardcover Dec 2016, Kazi K Ashraf (Editor) "Against the Error of Retaliation: A Philosophical Tribute to Ramchandra Gandhi", in Learning Non-Violence (ed) Gangeya Mukherji, Oxford University Press, Delhi, March 2016 “Refining the Repulsive: Towards an Indian Aesthetics of the Ugly and the Disgusting” in Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Contemporary Indian Aesthetics and Philosophy of Art, February, 2016. “Is this a Dream? A Critique of Mokṣopaya’s Take on Experience, Objecthood and the External World” Chap. 4, in Engaged Emancipation, (Edited by Chris Chapple and Arindam Chakrabarti) SUNY Press, February 2015 “A Horrid Tree-House or a Charming City” Yogavāsiṣṭha on Spiritual Culture of the Body, in Engaged Emancipation, (Edited by Chris Chapple and Arindam Chakrabarti) SUNY Press, February 2015 “How Do We Read Others' Feelings? Strawson and Zhuangzi Speak to Dharmakīrti, Ratnakīrti and Abhinavagupta,” in Comparative Philosophy without Borders. (edited by Arindam Chakrabarti and Ralph Weber) Bloomsbury, 2015 “Possessions” in Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, (ed) Rahul Govind, Journal of Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla, India, 2014 “Just Words: An Ethics of Conversation in the Mahābhārata”, in Arindam Chakrabarti and Sibaji Bandyopadhyay (eds) Mahābhārata Now. Routledge, Delhi, 2014 “The Unavoidable Void: Nonexistence, Absence, and Emptiness” in Jeeloo Liu, Douglas L. Berger (eds), Nothingness in Asian Philosophy, Routledge, 2014. “Now Kali I shall Eat You Up: On the Logic of the Vocative” in Ramchandra Gandhi: The Man and His Philosophy (Ed): A. Raghuramaraju, Routledge, 2013 “On Debts, Duties, and Dialogue: The Vedas and Levinas on the Ethical Metaphysics of Hospitality”, in Mattice and Kalmanson (eds), Levinas and Asian Thought, Duquesne University Press, 2013. “Why Pray to God who can Hear the Ant’s Anklets?”, in Sri Ramakrishna’s Ideas and Our Times: A Retrospect on His 175th Birth Anniversary, R.K. Mission Institute of Culture, Kolkata, 2013. “Or”, in Madhabendranath Mitra, et al (eds), Studies in Logic: A Dialogue Between the East and the West, Sanctum Books, New Delhi, 2012. “Phenomenology of Fun and Boredom”, in Narasimha and Ahuja (eds), Dialogues Across Disciplines, National Institute of Advanced Study, Bangalore, 2012. “Arguing from Synthesis to the Self: Utpala and Abhinavagupta Respond to Buddhist NoSelfism”, in Self Versus No-Self, Jonardon Ganeri and Chakravarthi Ramprasad (eds), London, Ashgate, 2012. “A Critique of Pure Revenge”, in Passion, Death, and Spirituality: The Philosophy of Robert C. Solomon, (Sophia Studies in Cross-Cultural Philosophy of Traditions and Cultures), Springer 2012. “The Connecting Manas: Inner Sense, Commonsense or the Organ of Imagination”, in After Appropriation: Intercultural Explorations in Philosophy and Religion, Morny Joy (ed), University of Calgary Press, 2011. “New Stuff: On the Very Idea of Creativity in Philosophical Thinking”, in Contrary Thinking: Selected Essays on Daya Krishna, Jay Garfield, Nalini Bhushan, Daniel Raveh (eds), Oxford University Press, 2011. “Troubles with a Second Self: The Problem of Other Minds in 11th Century Indian and 20th Century Western Philosophy”, in Subjectivity and Knowledge, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2011, of Argument, Journal of Pedagogical University, Krakow, Poland. “A Horrid Tree-House or a Charming City? Yogavāsiṣḥa on the Body”, in Nature and Culture, Roddam Narasimha and Sangeetha Menon (eds), PHISPC, New Delhi, 2010. “Non-Cruelty of Speech and the Hand: Hopes for Humanity Inspired by the Mahābhārata and the Buddha”, in Global Forum on Civilization and Peace, Seoul, Korea, December 2009 (proceedings) “On Errors about One’s Own Current Mental State”, in Essays in Epistemology, (Roma Chakraborty, General Editor) Calcutta University, Department of Philosophy Publication, March, 2009. “The Case of the Accusative: Contemporary Relevance of Bhartṛhari on the Kārakas”, in Bhartṛhari: Language, Thought and Reality, Mithilesh Chaturvedi, Motilal Banarsidass (eds), Delhi, 2009. “Play, Pleasure, Pain: Ownerless Emotions in Rasa-Aesthetics”, Chapter 14 in “Science, Literature and Aesthetics”, Professor Amiya Dev (ed), Vol. 40 in the Project of History of Indian Science, Philosophy and Culture, December, 2008. “The Cool: Philosophy as Critique of Popular Culture”, in Proceedings of Conference on Popular Culture, Department of Philosophy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 2007. “Knowledge from Trusted Tellings and its Preventers”, in Shabdapramana, Edited Volume published by Department of Philosophy, North Bengal University, 2007. “On What There Will Be: The Future in Quine” in Essays on Two Dogmas of Empiricism, book published by the Department of Philosophy, Rabindarbharati University, Kolkata, 2006. “From Vimarsha to Vishrama: You, I, and the Tranquil Taste of Freedom” in Abhinavagupta: Reconsiderations, Makarand Paranjape and Sunther Visvulingam (eds), Samvad, India, 2006. “Universal Properties in Indian Philosophy” in Macmillan Encyclopedia of Philosophy, December 2005. “Manas: In Defense of the Inner Sense” in Towards a Spiritual Psychology, Rao and Bhatt Marwaha (ed), Samvad India Foundation, New Delhi, 2005. “The Heart of Repose, the Repose of the Heart: A Phenomenological Analysis of the Concept of Visranti” in Samarasya, in Das and Furlinger D.K. (eds), Printworld, 2005. “the Moral Psychology of Revenge”, in Journal of Human Values, Vol. 11, No. 1, Indian Institute of Management, Sage Publications, Calcutta, January 2005 “Seeing Without Recognizing? More of Denuding Perceptual Content”, in Philosophy East and West, Vol. 54, No. 3, 2004. “Matter, Memory and the Unity of the Self”, in Life, Mind and Consciousness, The Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, Gol Park, Kolkata, 2004. “Faith, Faiths and the Future”, in Human Rights and Responsibility in the World Religions, Joseph Runzo, Nancy Marin and Arvind Sharma (eds), One World Press, October, 2003. “Logic, Morals and Meditation: Tarka, Dharma, Yoga”, in EVAM, Vol. 13, Nos. 1 & 2, Samvad Foundation India, New Delhi, 2004. “Perception, Apperception, and Non-Conceptual Content”, in Perspectives on Consciousness, Amita Chatterjee (ed), Munishiram Manoharlal Publishers, New Delhi, 2003. “Of Greed, Gadgets, and Guests: The Future of Human Dwellings”, in Technology and Cultural Values, Peter Hershock, Marietta Stepaniants, Roger T. Ames (eds), University of Hawai’i Press, 2003. “Analytic versus Comparative: A Bogus Dichotomy in Philosophy”, APA in Newsletter on Asian and Asian-American Philosophers and Philosophy, Vol. 2, No. 1, Fall 2002. “The ‘Glory’ and ‘Impenetrability’ of the Peacock-egg”, in Bhartrhari and Wittgenstein, Sibajiban Bhattacharya (ed), Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi, 2002. “In What Sense is Nyāya Realist?”, Third Round, in Journal of Indian Council of Philosophical Research, January-March, 2002. “The Cloud of Pretending”, in FAITH: in The Age of Uncertainty, India International Center, New Delhi, January 2002. “Disgust and the Ugly in Classical Indian Aesthetics”, in Proceedings of the Italian Association for Aesthetics, Sienna, 2001. “The Cosmic and Social Order of Eating”, in Ṛta: Cosmic Order and Chaos, Kapila Vatsyayana (ed), Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, New Delhi, 2001. “God as the Teacher, the Teacher as God”, in Vedanta: Concepts and Applications, Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, Calcutta, March 2001. “Is Understanding Teachable” in The Empirical and the Transcendental, Bina Gupta (ed), Rowman and Littlefield, USA, 2000. “Truth, Recognition of Truth, and Thoughtless Realism: Nyaya Without Fregean Fetters”, in Proceedings of the World Congress of Philosophy, Vol. XII, Boston, 2000. “Against Immaculate Perception”, in Philosophy East and West, 50th Anniversary Issue, January, 2000. “Keep Trying: Potter on Freedom Within Karma”, in Bulletin of the Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, 2000. “Debts and Dwellings: The Vedas and Levinas on the Ethical Metaphysics of Hospitality”, in Das Antlitz des “Andern”, Evangelishe Akademi, Loccum, Germany, 1999. “But is Death an Evil?” and “Notes on Immortality” and “Death in Classical Indian Thought”, in Essays on Sofies Welt: Ein interreligioser Dialog über Geschichte, Philosophie und Wirklichkeit, Evangelische Akademie, Loccum, Germany, 1998. “Telling as Letting Know”, in Philosophy of Language: The Big Questions, Andrea Nye (ed), Blackwell, Oxford, 1998. “Concept Possession, Sense Experience and Knowledge of a Language”, in Philosophy of Sir Peter Strawson; Library of Living Philosophers, K.T. Hahn (ed), Open Court, USA, 1998. “Shadows: The Ontology of Contoured Darkness”, Journal of the Indian Council of Philosophical Research, 1998. “Nyāya Realism and the Sense-Reference Distinction”, Discussion Note, Journal of the Indian Council of Philosophical Research, July, 1997. “Seeing Daffodils, Seeing as Daffodils, Seeing Things Called “Daffodils””, in Relativism, Suffering and Beyond, J.N. Mohanty and P. Billimoria (ed), Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1997. "Meat and Morality in the Mahābhārata”, in Epistemology, Meaning and Metaphysics After Matilal, Arindam Chakrabarti (ed), Indian Institute of Advanced Studies, Shimla, 1997. “Mind Body Dualism: A Philosophical Investigation”, New Delhi, 1997. “On Not Dying”, in Indian Philosophical Quarterly (Special Issue on Descartes), Jan-April 1996. “Kant in India”, in Proceedings of the Eleventh International Kant Congress, 1996. “The Third Sense of Idealism”, in New Essays in the Philosophy of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Ram Rao Pappu (ed), 1995. “Is Nyāya Realist” in Journal of Indian Council of Philosophical Research, April 1995. “Non-Particular Individuals”, in The Philosophy of Peter Strawson, P.K. Sen and R.R. Verma (eds), Allied Publishers & ICPR, Delhi, 1995. “Sleep-Learning or Wake-up Call? Sruti-Sentences and Knowledge of Brahman”, in Essays in Honor of K.S. Murty, Ashok Vohra and Sibajiban Bhattacharya (eds), 1995. “The Dark Mother Flying Kites: Ramakrishna’s Metaphysic of Morals”, Sophia, December, 1994. “Testimony: A Philosophical Study”, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, December 1994. “Individual and Collective Pride”, American Philosophical Quarterly, January 1992. “Idealist Refutations of Idealism”, Idealistic Studies, September 1992. “I Touch What I Saw”, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, March 1992. “Blue and the Awareness of Blue”, Mind-Only School and Buddhist Logic, Rimpoche Doboom (ed), Tulku, Tibet House, New Delhi, 1990. “Sentence-holism, Connected Designation and the Context Principle”, Journal of Indian Philosophy, September 1989. “From the Fabric to the Weaver: The Cosmological Argument in Indian Philosophy”, Indian Philosophy of Religion, Roy Perrett (ed), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Holland, 1989. “The End of Life”, Journal of Indian Philosophy, December 1988. “What Makes Us Indian?”, in Composite Culture of India and National Integration, Rashiduddin Khan (ed), Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 1987. “On Understanding Falsehoods”, Journal of the Asiatic Society, Calcutta 1986. “The Enigma of Existence: Hume, Kant and Frege”, Journal of the Department of Philosophy, Calcutta University, 1985. “Plato’s Indian Barbers: Classical Indian Approaches to the Problem of Singular Existence Denials”, Analytical Philosophy in Comparative Perspective, Matilal and J.L. Shaw (eds), D. Reidel, Holland, 1985. “Is Liberation Pleasant?” Philosophy East and West, Vol. 33, 1983. “Two Problems in the Ontology of Fictional Discourse”, Journal of Indian Council of Philosophical Research, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1983. “The Nyāya Proofs for the Existence of the Soul”, Journal of Indian Philosophy, 1982. “On What is Not”, Journal of the Indian Academy of Philosophy, Calcutta, 1977. References American philosophers American male writers of Indian descent Living people University of Calcutta alumni American male non-fiction writers Year of birth missing (living people)

<mask> is, currently, a visiting professor of philosophy at Ashoka University, India. He is, also, a professor of philosophy at Stony Brook University, where he has been since 2018. Prior to moving to Stony Brook, <mask> taught at the University of Hawaii, where he was the director of the EPOCH Project (Eastern Philosophy of Consciousness and the Humanities). <mask> obtained his BA in 1976 and his MA in 1978, both from the University of Calcutta. He received his Ph.D. in 1982 from St. Anne's College at Oxford University. He held previously a teaching position at the University of Delhi. Selected publications Books Realisms Interlinked: Objects, Subjects and Other Subjects (24 chapters Monograph)— Contract Signed with Bloomsbury, London, published Sept, 2019.The Book of Questions: An Analytical Introduction to Indian Philosophy—Contract signed with Penguin Books, India. Forthcoming 2020. Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Indian Aesthetics and Philosophy of Art, February, 2017. Comparative Philosophy without Borders: Essays in Fusion Philosophy, co-edited with Ralph Weber, November, 2015, Bloomsbury-Continuum, London, UK. Engaged Emancipation: New Essays on Yogavāsiṣtha, Co-edited with Christopher Chapple, State University of New York Press, 2014. Mahābhārata Now: Narrative, Aesthetics, Ethics (Co-edited with Shibaji Bandyopadhyaya), Routledge India, and Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla, 2013. Apoha: Buddhist Nominalism and Human Cognition (Co-edited with Mark Siderits and Tom Tillemans), Columbia University Press, New York, 2011.Universals, Concepts, and Qualities: New Essays on the Meaning of Predicates, Ashgate Publishing, UK, May 2006, Co-edited with Sir Peter Strawson. Denying Existence (Book in the Synthese Library Series), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston, 1997. Epistemology, Meaning and Metaphysics After Matilal (edited anthology), Indian Institute of Advanced Studies, Studies in the Humanities Series Vol. II, 1996. Knowing from Words (Co-edited with Bimal Matilal), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Synthese Library Series, 1993 Selected articles “Can there be a science of Meditation?” in Thinking with the Yoga Sutra of Patanjali, ed: Chris Chapple and Ana Funes (Lexington Books 2019) “Meaning of Life in Vyasa (Mahabharata)” –invited refereed chapter in Meaning of Life and the Great Philosophers, ed by Stephen Leach et al, Routledge, 2018. “Free Will in Indian Thought”—invited refereed chapter in The Routledge Companion to Free Will edited by, Kevin Timpe, New York : Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, 2017. “Welcome Home, through the Door: An Essay in Moral Phenomenology of Human Dwelling” in Locations: An Anthology of Architecture and Urbanism 01 (Annual of Architecture and Urbanism) Hardcover Dec 2016, Kazi K Ashraf (Editor) "Against the Error of Retaliation: A Philosophical Tribute to Ramchandra Gandhi", in Learning Non-Violence (ed) Gangeya Mukherji, Oxford University Press, Delhi, March 2016 “Refining the Repulsive: Towards an Indian Aesthetics of the Ugly and the Disgusting” in Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Contemporary Indian Aesthetics and Philosophy of Art, February, 2016.“Is this a Dream? A Critique of Mokṣopaya’s Take on Experience, Objecthood and the External World” Chap. 4, in Engaged Emancipation, (Edited by Chris Chapple and <mask> <mask>) SUNY Press, February 2015 “A Horrid Tree-House or a Charming City” Yogavāsiṣṭha on Spiritual Culture of the Body, in Engaged Emancipation, (Edited by Chris Chapple and <mask> Chakrabarti) SUNY Press, February 2015 “How Do We Read Others' Feelings? Strawson and Zhuangzi Speak to Dharmakīrti, Ratnakīrti and Abhinavagupta,” in Comparative Philosophy without Borders. (edited by <mask> <mask> and Ralph Weber) Bloomsbury, 2015 “Possessions” in Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, (ed) Rahul Govind, Journal of Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla, India, 2014 “Just Words: An Ethics of Conversation in the Mahābhārata”, in <mask> Chakrabarti and Sibaji Bandyopadhyay (eds) Mahābhārata Now. Routledge, Delhi, 2014 “The Unavoidable Void: Nonexistence, Absence, and Emptiness” in Jeeloo Liu, Douglas L. Berger (eds), Nothingness in Asian Philosophy, Routledge, 2014. “Now Kali I shall Eat You Up: On the Logic of the Vocative” in Ramchandra Gandhi: The Man and His Philosophy (Ed): A. Raghuramaraju, Routledge, 2013 “On Debts, Duties, and Dialogue: The Vedas and Levinas on the Ethical Metaphysics of Hospitality”, in Mattice and Kalmanson (eds), Levinas and Asian Thought, Duquesne University Press, 2013.“Why Pray to God who can Hear the Ant’s Anklets?”, in Sri Ramakrishna’s Ideas and Our Times: A Retrospect on His 175th Birth Anniversary, R.K. Mission Institute of Culture, Kolkata, 2013. “Or”, in Madhabendranath Mitra, et al (eds), Studies in Logic: A Dialogue Between the East and the West, Sanctum Books, New Delhi, 2012. “Phenomenology of Fun and Boredom”, in Narasimha and Ahuja (eds), Dialogues Across Disciplines, National Institute of Advanced Study, Bangalore, 2012. “Arguing from Synthesis to the Self: Utpala and Abhinavagupta Respond to Buddhist NoSelfism”, in Self Versus No-Self, Jonardon Ganeri and Chakravarthi Ramprasad (eds), London, Ashgate, 2012. “A Critique of Pure Revenge”, in Passion, Death, and Spirituality: The Philosophy of Robert C. Solomon, (Sophia Studies in Cross-Cultural Philosophy of Traditions and Cultures), Springer 2012. “The Connecting Manas: Inner Sense, Commonsense or the Organ of Imagination”, in After Appropriation: Intercultural Explorations in Philosophy and Religion, Morny Joy (ed), University of Calgary Press, 2011. “New Stuff: On the Very Idea of Creativity in Philosophical Thinking”, in Contrary Thinking: Selected Essays on Daya Krishna, Jay Garfield, Nalini Bhushan, Daniel Raveh (eds), Oxford University Press, 2011.“Troubles with a Second Self: The Problem of Other Minds in 11th Century Indian and 20th Century Western Philosophy”, in Subjectivity and Knowledge, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2011, of Argument, Journal of Pedagogical University, Krakow, Poland. “A Horrid Tree-House or a Charming City? Yogavāsiṣḥa on the Body”, in Nature and Culture, Roddam Narasimha and Sangeetha Menon (eds), PHISPC, New Delhi, 2010. “Non-Cruelty of Speech and the Hand: Hopes for Humanity Inspired by the Mahābhārata and the Buddha”, in Global Forum on Civilization and Peace, Seoul, Korea, December 2009 (proceedings) “On Errors about One’s Own Current Mental State”, in Essays in Epistemology, (Roma Chakraborty, General Editor) Calcutta University, Department of Philosophy Publication, March, 2009. “The Case of the Accusative: Contemporary Relevance of Bhartṛhari on the Kārakas”, in Bhartṛhari: Language, Thought and Reality, Mithilesh Chaturvedi, Motilal Banarsidass (eds), Delhi, 2009.“Play, Pleasure, Pain: Ownerless Emotions in Rasa-Aesthetics”, Chapter 14 in “Science, Literature and Aesthetics”, Professor Amiya Dev (ed), Vol. 40 in the Project of History of Indian Science, Philosophy and Culture, December, 2008. “The Cool: Philosophy as Critique of Popular Culture”, in Proceedings of Conference on Popular Culture, Department of Philosophy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 2007. “Knowledge from Trusted Tellings and its Preventers”, in Shabdapramana, Edited Volume published by Department of Philosophy, North Bengal University, 2007. “On What There Will Be: The Future in Quine” in Essays on Two Dogmas of Empiricism, book published by the Department of Philosophy, Rabindarbharati University, Kolkata, 2006. “From Vimarsha to Vishrama: You, I, and the Tranquil Taste of Freedom” in Abhinavagupta: Reconsiderations, Makarand Paranjape and Sunther Visvulingam (eds), Samvad, India, 2006. “Universal Properties in Indian Philosophy” in Macmillan Encyclopedia of Philosophy, December 2005.“Manas: In Defense of the Inner Sense” in Towards a Spiritual Psychology, Rao and Bhatt Marwaha (ed), Samvad India Foundation, New Delhi, 2005. “The Heart of Repose, the Repose of the Heart: A Phenomenological Analysis of the Concept of Visranti” in Samarasya, in Das and Furlinger D.K. (eds), Printworld, 2005. “the Moral Psychology of Revenge”, in Journal of Human Values, Vol. 11, No. 1, Indian Institute of Management, Sage Publications, Calcutta, January 2005 “Seeing Without Recognizing? More of Denuding Perceptual Content”, in Philosophy East and West, Vol.54, No. 3, 2004. “Matter, Memory and the Unity of the Self”, in Life, Mind and Consciousness, The Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, Gol Park, Kolkata, 2004. “Faith, Faiths and the Future”, in Human Rights and Responsibility in the World Religions, Joseph Runzo, Nancy Marin and Arvind Sharma (eds), One World Press, October, 2003. “Logic, Morals and Meditation: Tarka, Dharma, Yoga”, in EVAM, Vol. 13, Nos. 1 & 2, Samvad Foundation India, New Delhi, 2004.“Perception, Apperception, and Non-Conceptual Content”, in Perspectives on Consciousness, Amita Chatterjee (ed), Munishiram Manoharlal Publishers, New Delhi, 2003. “Of Greed, Gadgets, and Guests: The Future of Human Dwellings”, in Technology and Cultural Values, Peter Hershock, Marietta Stepaniants, Roger T. Ames (eds), University of Hawai’i Press, 2003. “Analytic versus Comparative: A Bogus Dichotomy in Philosophy”, APA in Newsletter on Asian and Asian-American Philosophers and Philosophy, Vol. 2, No. 1, Fall 2002. “The ‘Glory’ and ‘Impenetrability’ of the Peacock-egg”, in Bhartrhari and Wittgenstein, Sibajiban Bhattacharya (ed), Sahitya Akademi, New Delhi, 2002. “In What Sense is Nyāya Realist?”, Third Round, in Journal of Indian Council of Philosophical Research, January-March, 2002.“The Cloud of Pretending”, in FAITH: in The Age of Uncertainty, India International Center, New Delhi, January 2002. “Disgust and the Ugly in Classical Indian Aesthetics”, in Proceedings of the Italian Association for Aesthetics, Sienna, 2001. “The Cosmic and Social Order of Eating”, in Ṛta: Cosmic Order and Chaos, Kapila Vatsyayana (ed), Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, New Delhi, 2001. “God as the Teacher, the Teacher as God”, in Vedanta: Concepts and Applications, Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, Calcutta, March 2001. “Is Understanding Teachable” in The Empirical and the Transcendental, Bina Gupta (ed), Rowman and Littlefield, USA, 2000. “Truth, Recognition of Truth, and Thoughtless Realism: Nyaya Without Fregean Fetters”, in Proceedings of the World Congress of Philosophy, Vol. XII, Boston, 2000.“Against Immaculate Perception”, in Philosophy East and West, 50th Anniversary Issue, January, 2000. “Keep Trying: Potter on Freedom Within Karma”, in Bulletin of the Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture, 2000. “Debts and Dwellings: The Vedas and Levinas on the Ethical Metaphysics of Hospitality”, in Das Antlitz des “Andern”, Evangelishe Akademi, Loccum, Germany, 1999. “But is Death an Evil?” and “Notes on Immortality” and “Death in Classical Indian Thought”, in Essays on Sofies Welt: Ein interreligioser Dialog über Geschichte, Philosophie und Wirklichkeit, Evangelische Akademie, Loccum, Germany, 1998. “Telling as Letting Know”, in Philosophy of Language: The Big Questions, Andrea Nye (ed), Blackwell, Oxford, 1998. “Concept Possession, Sense Experience and Knowledge of a Language”, in Philosophy of Sir Peter Strawson; Library of Living Philosophers, K.T. Hahn (ed), Open Court, USA, 1998.“Shadows: The Ontology of Contoured Darkness”, Journal of the Indian Council of Philosophical Research, 1998. “Nyāya Realism and the Sense-Reference Distinction”, Discussion Note, Journal of the Indian Council of Philosophical Research, July, 1997. “Seeing Daffodils, Seeing as Daffodils, Seeing Things Called “Daffodils””, in Relativism, Suffering and Beyond, J.N. Mohanty and P. Billimoria (ed), Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1997. "Meat and Morality in the Mahābhārata”, in Epistemology, Meaning and Metaphysics After Matilal, <mask> Chakrabarti (ed), Indian Institute of Advanced Studies, Shimla, 1997. “Mind Body Dualism: A Philosophical Investigation”, New Delhi, 1997. “On Not Dying”, in Indian Philosophical Quarterly (Special Issue on Descartes), Jan-April 1996.“Kant in India”, in Proceedings of the Eleventh International Kant Congress, 1996. “The Third Sense of Idealism”, in New Essays in the Philosophy of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Ram Rao Pappu (ed), 1995. “Is Nyāya Realist” in Journal of Indian Council of Philosophical Research, April 1995. “Non-Particular Individuals”, in The Philosophy of Peter Strawson, P.K. Sen and R.R. Verma (eds), Allied Publishers & ICPR, Delhi, 1995. “Sleep-Learning or Wake-up Call?Sruti-Sentences and Knowledge of Brahman”, in Essays in Honor of K.S. Murty, Ashok Vohra and Sibajiban Bhattacharya (eds), 1995. “The Dark Mother Flying Kites: Ramakrishna’s Metaphysic of Morals”, Sophia, December, 1994. “Testimony: A Philosophical Study”, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, December 1994. “Individual and Collective Pride”, American Philosophical Quarterly, January 1992. “Idealist Refutations of Idealism”, Idealistic Studies, September 1992. “I Touch What I Saw”, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, March 1992.“Blue and the Awareness of Blue”, Mind-Only School and Buddhist Logic, Rimpoche Doboom (ed), Tulku, Tibet House, New Delhi, 1990. “Sentence-holism, Connected Designation and the Context Principle”, Journal of Indian Philosophy, September 1989. “From the Fabric to the Weaver: The Cosmological Argument in Indian Philosophy”, Indian Philosophy of Religion, Roy Perrett (ed), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Holland, 1989. “The End of Life”, Journal of Indian Philosophy, December 1988. “What Makes Us Indian?”, in Composite Culture of India and National Integration, Rashiduddin Khan (ed), Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 1987. “On Understanding Falsehoods”, Journal of the Asiatic Society, Calcutta 1986. “The Enigma of Existence: Hume, Kant and Frege”, Journal of the Department of Philosophy, Calcutta University, 1985.“Plato’s Indian Barbers: Classical Indian Approaches to the Problem of Singular Existence Denials”, Analytical Philosophy in Comparative Perspective, Matilal and J.L. Shaw (eds), D. Reidel, Holland, 1985. “Is Liberation Pleasant?” Philosophy East and West, Vol. 33, 1983. “Two Problems in the Ontology of Fictional Discourse”, Journal of Indian Council of Philosophical Research, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1983.“The Nyāya Proofs for the Existence of the Soul”, Journal of Indian Philosophy, 1982. “On What is Not”, Journal of the Indian Academy of Philosophy, Calcutta, 1977. References American philosophers American male writers of Indian descent Living people University of Calcutta alumni American male non-fiction writers Year of birth missing (living people)

<mask> is a visiting professor of philosophy at Ashoka University. He is a professor of philosophy at the university. At the University of Hawaii, <mask> was the director of the Eastern Philosophy of Consciousness and the Humanities project. He obtained his degrees from the University of Calcutta in 1976 and 1978. He received his PhD from Oxford University. He was a teacher at the University of Delhi. Books Realisms Interlinked: objects, subjects and other subjects was published in September of 2019.The Book of Questions is an introduction to Indian philosophy. Forthcoming 2020. The Handbook of Indian Aesthetics and Philosophy of Art was published in February. The essays in fusion philosophy were co-edited by the two men. The essays on yogavsitha were co-edited by Christopher Chapple. The Narrative, Aesthetics, Ethics, co-edited with Shibaji Bandyopadhyaya, was published by the Indian Institute of Advanced Study. Mark Siderits and Tom Tillemans co-edited Apoha: Buddhist Nominalism and Human Cognition.Universals, Concepts, and Qualities: New Essays on the Meaning of Predicates was co-edited by Sir Peter Strawson. Kluwer Academic Publishers published Denying Existence in 1997. Epistemology, Meaning and Metaphysics After Matilal was edited by the Indian Institute of Advanced Studies. I, 1996. Chris Chapple and Ana Funes wrote "Can there be a science of meditation?" in Thinking with the Yoga Sutra of Patanjali. The chapter titled "Free Will in Indian Thought" was included in The Routledge Companion to Free Will edited by Kevin Timpe. "Welcome Home, through the Door: An Essay in Moral Phenomenology of Human Dwelling" was published in locations: an anthology of architecture and urbanism.Is this a dream? Mokopaya took on experience, objecthood and the external world. In Engaged Emancipation, there is a yogavsiha on spiritual culture of the body. In Comparative Philosophy without Borders, Strawson and Zhuangzi speak to Dharmakrti and Ratnakrti. The book "Possessions" in Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences was edited by <mask> <mask>. The Unavoidable Void: Nonexistence, Absence, and Emptiness is a book by Douglas L. Berger. "Now Kali I shall Eat You Up: On the Logic of the Vocative" is from Ramchandra Gandhi: The Man and His Philosophy.In Sri Ramakrishna's ideas and our times: A retrospect on his 175th birth anniversary, he wrote, "Why Pray to God who can Hear the ants' anklets?" Studies in Logic: A Dialogue Between the East and the West, Sanctum Books, New Delhi, 2012. The Dialogues Across Disciplines is part of thePhenomenology of Fun and Boredom. Self Versus No-Self is a book by Jonardon Ganeri and Chakravarthy Ramprasad. "A Critique of Pure Revenge" is in "Passion, Death, and Spirituality: The Philosophy of Robert C. Solomon". In After Appropriation: Intercultural Explorations in Philosophy and Religion, Morny Joy is the author. The Oxford University Press published "New Stuff: On the Very Idea of Creativity in Philosophical Thinking".In Subjectivity and Knowledge, there is a book titled "Troubles with a Second Self: The Problem of Other Minds in 11th Century Indian and 20th Century Western Philosophy". 1, No. The Journal of Pedagogical University is in Krakow, Poland. A tree-house or a city? The book is called Yogavsia on the Body. The Global Forum on Civilization and Peace was held in December of 2009. "The Case of the Accusative: Contemporary Relevance of Bharthari on the Krakas" is in Bharthari: Language, Thought and Reality.Chapter 14 in "Science, Literature and Aesthetics" is called "Play, Pleasure, Pain: Ownerless Emotions in Rasa-Aesthetics". The Project of History of Indian Science, Philosophy and Culture was published in December of 2008. The Cool: Philosophy as Critique of Popular Culture was published in 2007. The Department of Philosophy at North Bengal University published an edited volume called "Knowledge from TrustedTellings and its Preventers". The book "On What There Will Be: The Future in Quine" was published by the Department of Philosophy. The title of the book is "You, I, and the Tranquil Taste of Freedom". The December 2005 edition of the Encyclopedia of Philosophy has a piece on universal properties in Indian philosophy.Samvad India Foundation published a book titled "Manas: In Defense of the Inner Sense" in 2005. "The Heart of Repose, the Repose of the Heart: A Phenomenological Analysis of the Concept of Visranti" was written by Das and Furlinger D.K. Printworld was published in 2005. The Journal of Human Values has a piece on the Moral Psychology of Revenge. No. 11, No. The Indian Institute of Management is in Calcutta. More of Denuding Perceptual Content can be found in Philosophy East and West.54, No. 3, 2004. The Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture published "Matter, Memory and the Unity of the Self" in 2004. One World Press published "Faith, Faiths and the Future" in Human Rights and Responsibility in the World Religions. There is a book on logic, morals and meditation. 13 Nos. The Samvad Foundation India was in New Delhi in 2004."Perception, Apperception, and Non-Conceptual Content" is in Perspectives on Consciousness. Peter Hershock, Marietta Stepaniants, and Roger T. Ames wrote "Of Greed, Gadgets, and Guests: The Future of Human Dwellings". The Newsletter on Asian and Asian-American Philosophers and Philosophy was published by the APA. 2, No. The fall of 2002. The Glory and Impenetrability of the Peacock-egg was written by Bhartrhari and Wittgenstein. The third round of "In What Sense is Nyya Realist?" was published in the Journal of Indian Council of Philosophical Research.FAITH: in The Age of Uncertainty, India International Center, New Delhi, January 2002. The Italian Association for Aesthetics published a paper on disgust and the ugly in Indian Aesthetics. The Cosmic and Social Order of Eating was written in ta: Cosmic Order and Chaos. The book "God as the Teacher, the Teacher as God" was published in 2001. The Empirical and the Transcendental is a book by Rowman and Littlefield. There is a book called "Truth, Recognition of Truth, and Thoughtless Realism: Nyaya Without Fregean Fetters". XII, Boston in 2000.The 50th anniversary issue of Philosophy East and West was titled "Against Immaculate Perception". The Bulletin of the Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture was published in 2000. Debts and Dwellings: The Vedas and Levinas on the Ethical Metaphysics of Hospitality was published in 1999. The essays "But is Death an Evil?" and "Notes on Immortality" were written in Germany. "Telling as Letting Know" is in the book "Philosophy of Language: The Big Questions". The philosophy of Sir Peter Strawson deals with concept possession, sense experience and knowledge of a language. The Open Court, USA, 1998.The journal "Shadows: The Ontology of Contoured Darkness" was published in 1998. The Journal of the Indian Council of Philosophical Research published a discussion note on "Nyya Realism and the Sense-Reference 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- 888-609- "Seeing Daffodils, Seeing as Daffodils, Seeing Things Called "Daffodils"", in Relativism, Suffering and Beyond, J.N." The Oxford University Press published Mohanty and P. Billimoria's book in 1997. In Epistemology, Meaning and Metaphysics After Matilal, <mask> Chakrabarti wrote about meat and morality in the mahbhrata. Mind Body dualism: A Philosophical Investigation was published in 1997. The Special Issue on Descartes was in the Indian Philosophical Quarterly.The Eleventh International Kant Congress was held in 1996. The third sense of idealism was written in the New Essays in the Philosophy of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. The Journal of Indian Council of Philosophical Research was published in 1995. The philosophy of Peter Strawson is called "Non-Particular Individuals". Sen and R.R. The eds were written by Allied Publishers and ICPR. Do you prefer sleep- learning or wake-up call?Essays in honor of K.S. include Sruti-Sentences and Knowledge of Brahman. The eds were written by Murty, Vohra and Bhattacharya. Sophia wrote "The Dark Mother Flying Kites: Ramakrishna's Metaphysic of Morals" in December 1994. Testimony: A Philosophical Study was published in 1994. The American Philosophical Quarterly wrote about individual and collective pride. September 1992 saw the publication of "Idealist Refutations of Idealism". The research was titled "I Touch What I Saw".The book "Blue and the Awareness of Blue" is from the Mind-Only School and Buddhist Logic. The Journal of Indian Philosophy published "Sentence-holism, Connected Designation and the Context Principle". Roy Perrett wrote "From the Fabric to the Weaver: The Cosmological Argument in Indian Philosophy of Religion" in 1989. The End of Life was published in the Journal of Indian Philosophy. The Indian Institute of Advanced Study published "What Makes Us Indian?" in 1987. The journal on understanding falsehoods was published in Calcutta in 1986. The Journal of the Department of Philosophy at Calcutta University published "The Enigma of Existence" in 1985.Matilal and J.L. wrote "Plato's Indian Barbers: Classical Indian Approaches to the Problem of Singular Existence Denials". Shaw and D.Reidel wrote about Holland in 1985. The philosophy of East and West is called "Is Liberation Pleasant?" 33 years ago There are two problems in the ontology of fictional discourse. 1, No. 1, 1983.The Journal of Indian Philosophy published "The Nyya Proofs for the Existence of the Soul". The Journal of the Indian Academy of Philosophy was published in 1977. The University of Calcutta alumni are American male writers of Indian descent.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Davis%20%28scholar%29

Mike Davis (scholar)

Mike Davis (born 1946) is an American writer, political activist, urban theorist, and historian. He is best known for his investigations of power and social class in his native Southern California. His most recent book is Set the Night on Fire: L.A. in the Sixties, co-authored by Jon Wiener. Life Born in Fontana, California and raised in El Cajon, California, Davis' education was punctuated by stints as a meat cutter, truck driver, and a Congress of Racial Equality and Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) activist. He briefly studied at Reed College in the mid-1960s but did not begin his academic career in earnest until the early 1970s, when he earned BA and MA degrees but did not complete the PhD program in History from the University of California, Los Angeles. Davis has stated that one of the moments prompting him returning to study after working was a violent strike, "I had this job with a bus-tour company when suddenly this insanely violent strike broke out. A strikebreaker ran a bus over one of our guys, and next thing I knew I was in a room with forty guys voting on whether each of us is gonna put up $400 to hire a hit man to kill the head of the strikebreakers. I said, 'Hey, guys, this is just crazy,' and made the best speech of my life. I was outvoted thirty-nine to one. I thought to myself, 'Typical American workers'; I think I said 'pussies.' Instead of coming up with a political strategy, they reach for their guns as soon as they see a scab driving their bus. And here I am about to become a freshman at UCLA, and I'm going to get arrested for criminal conspiracy." He was a 1996–1997 Getty Scholar at the Getty Research Institute and received a MacArthur Fellowship Award in 1998. He won the Lannan Literary Award for Nonfiction in 2007. He is married to Mexican-American artist Alessandra Moctezuma and lives in San Diego, CA. Career Davis is Distinguished Professor Emeritus in the Department of Creative Writing at the University of California, Riverside, and an editor of the New Left Review. Davis has taught urban theory at the Southern California Institute of Architecture and at Stony Brook University before he secured a position at University of California, Irvine's history department. He also contributes to the British monthly Socialist Review, the organ of the British Socialist Workers Party. As a journalist and essayist, Davis has written for, among others, The Nation, Jacobin, and the UK's New Statesman. He is a self-defined international socialist and "Marxist-Environmentalist". He writes in the tradition of socialists/architects/regionalism advocates such as Lewis Mumford and Garrett Eckbo, whom he cites in Ecology of Fear. His early book, Prisoners of the American Dream, was an important contribution to the Marxist study of U.S. history, political economy, and the state, as well as to the doctrine of revolutionary integrationism, as Davis, like Trotskyists such as Max Shachtman, Richard S. Fraser, James Robertson, as well as French anarchist Daniel Guérin, argued that the struggle of blacks in the U.S. was for equality, that this struggle was an explosive contradiction fundamental to the U.S. bourgeois republic, that only socialism could bring it about, and that its momentum would someday be a powerful contribution to a socialist revolution in the U.S. Davis is also the author of two fiction books for young adults: Land of The Lost Mammoths and Pirates, Bats and Dragons. Criticism and academic reception Reviewers have praised Davis' prose style and his exposés of economic, social, environmental and political injustice. His book Planet of Slums inspired a special issue of Mute magazine on global slums. Despite the popular success of Davis' critical studies, they have been criticized. Los Angeles communications professional Jill Stewart labeled Davis a "city-hating socialist" in the New Times Los Angeles. These views were brought to a broader audience in Salon.com. According to Todd Purdum's unfriendly 1999 piece, Davis "acknowledged fabricating an entire conversation with a local environmentalist, Lewis McAdams, for a cover story he wrote for L.A. Weekly a decade ago (in the late 1980s); he defends it as an early attempt at journalistic scene-setting." However, in his October 2004 Geography article, "That Certain Feeling: Mike Davis, Truth and the City," Kevin Stannard held that this "controversy is explained by Davis's ambiguous balancing of academic research and reportage". Jon Wiener has defended Davis in The Nation, maintaining that his critics are political opponents exaggerating the significance of small errors. Some academic leftists have also criticized Davis's focus on modern urban structures. In a review essay on City of Quartz, geographer Cindi Katz criticized its apocalypticism as masculinist and tied it to the flattening of people's subjectivity as they are made into "characters" more than social actors. Citing Jane Jacobs' attacks upon Lewis Mumford in her Death and Life of Great American Cities, Andy Merrifield (MetroMarxism, Routledge 2002) wrote that Davis' analysis was "harsh" (p. 170). Davis' work, particularly Planet of Slums, has been criticized by Merrifield and urban studies professor Tom Angotti as "anti-urban" and "overly apocalyptic". These critics charge that Davis fails to focus on activist groups among the poor and working class in solving problems—as advocated by Manuel Castells and Marshall Berman. As he states in Planet of Slums, however, Davis is not interested in such a "reformist" approach. He argues that most reforms have failed because they treat the symptoms rather than the cause: economic and political inequality. He argued in Ecology of Fear that realistic solutions lie in a radical transformation of the city and of capitalism by the global working-class, as Lewis Mumford and Garrett Eckbo advocated. Awards and honors 1996–1997: Getty Scholar at the Getty Research Institute 1998: MacArthur Fellowship 2002: World History Association Book Prize, Late Victorian Holocausts 2007: Lannan Literary Award for Nonfiction Works Books Nonfiction Prisoners of the American Dream: Politics and Economy in the History of the U.S. Working Class (1986, 1999, 2018) City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles (1990, 2006) ¿Quién mató a Los Ángeles? (1994, Spanish only) Ecology of Fear: Los Angeles and the Imagination of Disaster (1998) Casino Zombies: True Stories From the Neon West (1999, German only) Magical Urbanism: Latinos Reinvent the U.S. Big City (2000) Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World (2001) The Grit Beneath the Glitter: Tales from the Real Las Vegas, edited with Hal Rothman (2002) Dead Cities, And Other Tales (2003) Under the Perfect Sun: The San Diego Tourists Never See, with Jim Miller and Kelly Mayhew (2003) Cronache Dall’Impero (2005, Italian only) The Monster at Our Door: The Global Threat of Avian Flu (2005) Planet of Slums: Urban Involution and the Informal Working Class (2006) No One Is Illegal: Fighting Racism and State Violence on the U.S.-Mexico Border, with Justin Akers Chacon (2006) Buda's Wagon: A Brief History of the Car Bomb (2007) In Praise of Barbarians: Essays against Empire (2007) Evil Paradises: Dreamworlds of Neoliberalism, edited with Daniel Bertrand Monk (2007) Old Gods, New Enigmas: Marx's Lost Theory (2018) Set the Night on Fire: L.A. in the Sixties, co-authored by Jon Wiener (2020) Fiction Islands Mysterious: Where Science Rediscovers Wonder – a Trilogy, illustrated by William Simpson 1. Land of the Lost Mammoths (2003) 2. Pirates, Bats, and Dragons (2004) 3. Spider Vector (forthcoming) Articles and essays Review of the essay The Cultural Logic of Late Capital by Frederic Jameson. Articles by Mike Davis at The Rag Blog References Notes Bibliography Review of "Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World" External links Faculty page at Univ. Of California, Riverside Mike Davis' articles in The Nation. Davis interviewed by Bill Moyers Video, transcript and recent articles. March 20, 2009 "The American Earthquake – Mike Davis and the Politics of Disaster By Adam Shatz, in Lingua Franca, (September 1997). LA Weekly profile, 1999 Salon.com profile, 1999 "L.A. Story: Backlash of the Boosters" by Jon Wiener Nation (February 4, 1999). "Best-Selling Author's Gloomy Future for Los Angeles Meets Resistance" Todd S. Purdum, New York Times Audio of Mike Davis's lecture "Who Will Build the Ark: The Architectural Imagination in an Age of Catastrophic Convergence" delivered at the Walter Chapin Simpson Center for the Humanities on November 6, 2008. Discussion with Susan Straight January 2008 Reviews A collection of reviews of Planet of Slums "Seven Oaks" Planet of Slums review, by Derrick O'Keefe Planet of Slums reviews in Mute Magazine Planet of Slums Review from (Johannesburg) Sunday Independent "Slums, resistance and the African working class" A friendly critique of Planet of Slums by Leo Zeilig and Claire Ceruti in International Socialism Interviews Interview with Orhan Ayyüce of Archinect, October 12, 2009. Interview with Juris Jurjevics of San Diego Reader, April 6, 2006. Interview with the editors of Voices of Resistance from Occupied London, an anarchist journal from the United Kingdom, February 23, 2007. Interview with IRIN News, the news service of the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, September 2007. Interview on Bill Moyers Journal, March 20, 2009. Podcast of Mike Davis discussing his article "Can Obama See the Grand Canyon?", October 15, 2008. BOMB Magazine Interview with Mike Davis by Lucy Raven. Summer 2008 Tomdispatch Interview Part I: Mike Davis, Turning a Planet into a Slum Tomdispatch Interview Part II: Mike Davis, Green Zones and Slum Cities Mike Davis on Rag Radio Interviewed by Thorne Dreyer, October 14, 2011 (56:53) Mike Davis on the Crimes of Socialism and Capitalism. Jacobin. October 23, 2018. Mike Davis: As Workers Face Dangerous Conditions Amid Reopening, We Need Unions & Medicare for All Democracy Now! May 22, 2020. 21st-century American historians American political writers American social sciences writers American socialists Historians of the United States History of Los Angeles MacArthur Fellows American Marxist historians American male non-fiction writers American Marxist writers Members of Students for a Democratic Society (1960 organization) Writers from Los Angeles Reed College alumni American truck drivers University of California, Los Angeles alumni University of California, Riverside faculty Urban theorists 1946 births Living people People from Fontana, California People from El Cajon, California California socialists Historians from California

<mask> (born 1946) is an American writer, political activist, urban theorist, and historian. He is best known for his investigations of power and social class in his native Southern California. His most recent book is Set the Night on Fire: L.A. in the Sixties, co-authored by Jon Wiener. Life Born in Fontana, California and raised in El Cajon, California, <mask>' education was punctuated by stints as a meat cutter, truck driver, and a Congress of Racial Equality and Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) activist. He briefly studied at Reed College in the mid-1960s but did not begin his academic career in earnest until the early 1970s, when he earned BA and MA degrees but did not complete the PhD program in History from the University of California, Los Angeles. <mask> has stated that one of the moments prompting him returning to study after working was a violent strike, "I had this job with a bus-tour company when suddenly this insanely violent strike broke out. A strikebreaker ran a bus over one of our guys, and next thing I knew I was in a room with forty guys voting on whether each of us is gonna put up $400 to hire a hit man to kill the head of the strikebreakers.I said, 'Hey, guys, this is just crazy,' and made the best speech of my life. I was outvoted thirty-nine to one. I thought to myself, 'Typical American workers'; I think I said 'pussies.' Instead of coming up with a political strategy, they reach for their guns as soon as they see a scab driving their bus. And here I am about to become a freshman at UCLA, and I'm going to get arrested for criminal conspiracy." He was a 1996–1997 Getty Scholar at the Getty Research Institute and received a MacArthur Fellowship Award in 1998. He won the Lannan Literary Award for Nonfiction in 2007.He is married to Mexican-American artist Alessandra Moctezuma and lives in San Diego, CA. <mask> is Distinguished Professor Emeritus in the Department of Creative Writing at the University of California, Riverside, and an editor of the New Left Review. <mask> has taught urban theory at the Southern California Institute of Architecture and at Stony Brook University before he secured a position at University of California, Irvine's history department. He also contributes to the British monthly Socialist Review, the organ of the British Socialist Workers Party. As a journalist and essayist, <mask> has written for, among others, The Nation, Jacobin, and the UK's New Statesman. He is a self-defined international socialist and "Marxist-Environmentalist". He writes in the tradition of socialists/architects/regionalism advocates such as Lewis Mumford and Garrett Eckbo, whom he cites in Ecology of Fear.His early book, Prisoners of the American Dream, was an important contribution to the Marxist study of U.S. history, political economy, and the state, as well as to the doctrine of revolutionary integrationism, as <mask>, like Trotskyists such as Max Shachtman, Richard S. Fraser, James Robertson, as well as French anarchist Daniel Guérin, argued that the struggle of blacks in the U.S. was for equality, that this struggle was an explosive contradiction fundamental to the U.S. bourgeois republic, that only socialism could bring it about, and that its momentum would someday be a powerful contribution to a socialist revolution in the U.S. <mask> is also the author of two fiction books for young adults: Land of The Lost Mammoths and Pirates, Bats and Dragons. Criticism and academic reception Reviewers have praised <mask>' prose style and his exposés of economic, social, environmental and political injustice. His book Planet of Slums inspired a special issue of Mute magazine on global slums. Despite the popular success of <mask>' critical studies, they have been criticized. Los Angeles communications professional Jill Stewart labeled <mask> a "city-hating socialist" in the New Times Los Angeles. These views were brought to a broader audience in Salon.com. According to Todd Purdum's unfriendly 1999 piece, <mask> "acknowledged fabricating an entire conversation with a local environmentalist, Lewis McAdams, for a cover story he wrote for L.A. Weekly a decade ago (in the late 1980s); he defends it as an early attempt at journalistic scene-setting."However, in his October 2004 Geography article, "That Certain Feeling: <mask>, Truth and the City," Kevin Stannard held that this "controversy is explained by <mask>'s ambiguous balancing of academic research and reportage". Jon Wiener has defended <mask> in The Nation, maintaining that his critics are political opponents exaggerating the significance of small errors. Some academic leftists have also criticized <mask>'s focus on modern urban structures. In a review essay on City of Quartz, geographer Cindi Katz criticized its apocalypticism as masculinist and tied it to the flattening of people's subjectivity as they are made into "characters" more than social actors. Citing Jane Jacobs' attacks upon Lewis Mumford in her Death and Life of Great American Cities, Andy Merrifield (MetroMarxism, Routledge 2002) wrote that <mask>' analysis was "harsh" (p. 170). <mask>' work, particularly Planet of Slums, has been criticized by Merrifield and urban studies professor Tom Angotti as "anti-urban" and "overly apocalyptic". These critics charge that <mask> fails to focus on activist groups among the poor and working class in solving problems—as advocated by Manuel Castells and Marshall Berman.As he states in Planet of Slums, however, <mask> is not interested in such a "reformist" approach. He argues that most reforms have failed because they treat the symptoms rather than the cause: economic and political inequality. He argued in Ecology of Fear that realistic solutions lie in a radical transformation of the city and of capitalism by the global working-class, as Lewis Mumford and Garrett Eckbo advocated. Awards and honors 1996–1997: Getty Scholar at the Getty Research Institute 1998: MacArthur Fellowship 2002: World History Association Book Prize, Late Victorian Holocausts 2007: Lannan Literary Award for Nonfiction Works Books Nonfiction Prisoners of the American Dream: Politics and Economy in the History of the U.S. Working Class (1986, 1999, 2018) City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles (1990, 2006) ¿Quién mató a Los Ángeles? Land of the Lost Mammoths (2003) 2. Pirates, Bats, and Dragons (2004) 3.Spider Vector (forthcoming) Articles and essays Review of the essay The Cultural Logic of Late Capital by Frederic Jameson. Articles by <mask> at The Rag Blog References Notes Bibliography Review of "Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World" External links Faculty page at Univ. Of California, Riverside <mask>' articles in The Nation. <mask> interviewed by Bill Moyers Video, transcript and recent articles. March 20, 2009 "The American Earthquake – <mask> and the Politics of Disaster By Adam Shatz, in Lingua Franca, (September 1997). LA Weekly profile, 1999 Salon.com profile, 1999 "L.A. Story: Backlash of the Boosters" by Jon Wiener Nation (February 4, 1999). "Best-Selling Author's Gloomy Future for Los Angeles Meets Resistance" Todd S. Purdum, New York Times Audio of <mask>'s lecture "Who Will Build the Ark: The Architectural Imagination in an Age of Catastrophic Convergence" delivered at the Walter Chapin Simpson Center for the Humanities on November 6, 2008.Discussion with Susan Straight January 2008 Reviews A collection of reviews of Planet of Slums "Seven Oaks" Planet of Slums review, by Derrick O'Keefe Planet of Slums reviews in Mute Magazine Planet of Slums Review from (Johannesburg) Sunday Independent "Slums, resistance and the African working class" A friendly critique of Planet of Slums by Leo Zeilig and Claire Ceruti in International Socialism Interviews Interview with Orhan Ayyüce of Archinect, October 12, 2009. Interview with Juris Jurjevics of San Diego Reader, April 6, 2006. Interview with the editors of Voices of Resistance from Occupied London, an anarchist journal from the United Kingdom, February 23, 2007. Interview with IRIN News, the news service of the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, September 2007. Interview on Bill Moyers Journal, March 20, 2009. Podcast of <mask> discussing his article "Can Obama See the Grand Canyon? ", October 15, 2008.BOMB Magazine Interview with <mask> by Lucy Raven. Summer 2008 Tomdispatch Interview Part I: <mask>, Turning a Planet into a Slum Tomdispatch Interview Part II: <mask>, Green Zones and Slum Cities <mask> on Rag Radio Interviewed by Thorne Dreyer, October 14, 2011 (56:53) <mask> on the Crimes of Socialism and Capitalism. Jacobin. October 23, 2018. <mask>: As Workers Face Dangerous Conditions Amid Reopening, We Need Unions & Medicare for All Democracy Now! May 22, 2020. 21st-century American historians American political writers American social sciences writers American socialists Historians of the United States History of Los Angeles MacArthur Fellows American Marxist historians American male non-fiction writers American Marxist writers Members of Students for a Democratic Society (1960 organization) Writers from Los Angeles Reed College alumni American truck drivers University of California, Los Angeles alumni University of California, Riverside faculty Urban theorists 1946 births Living people People from Fontana, California People from El Cajon, California California socialists Historians from California

<mask> is an American writer, political activist, urban theorist, and historian. He is best known for his investigations of power and social class in Southern California. Jon Wiener co-authored Set the Night on Fire: L.A. in the Sixties. Born in Fontana, California and raised in El Cajon, California, <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He did not complete the PhD program in History at the University of California, Los Angeles until the early 1970s, despite earning degrees from Reed College and the University of California, Los Angeles. The violent strike that prompted Davis to return to study was when he was working for a bus tour company. A strikebreaker ran a bus over one of our guys, and next thing I knew I was in a room with forty guys voting on whether or not to hire a hit man to kill the head of the strikebreakers.I made the best speech of my life when I said, "Hey, guys, this is just crazy." I was the only one who voted against me. I thought to myself, "Typical American workers." I think I said "pussies." They reach for their guns as soon as they see a person driving a bus. I'm going to get arrested for criminal conspiracy when I become a freshman at UCLA. He received a prestigious award in 1998 for his work at the research institute. The Lannan Literary Award for Nonfiction was won by him.He is married to a Mexican-American artist and lives in San Diego. <mask> is an editor of the New Left Review. Before he was hired at the University of California, Irvine's history department, <mask> taught urban theory at the Southern California Institute of Architecture. The British Socialist Review is an organ of the British Socialist Workers Party. <mask> has written for a number of publications, including The Nation, Jacobin, and the UK's New Statesman. He is a socialist and environmentalist. The tradition of socialists/architects/regionalism advocates is what he writes about in Ecology of Fear.His early book, Prisoners of the American Dream, was an important contribution to the Marxist study of U.S. history, political economy, and the state, as well as to the doctrine of revolutionary integrationism. Reviewers praised <mask>' prose style and his exposés of economic, social, environmental and political injustice. A special issue of Mute magazine was inspired by his book Planet of Slums. <mask>' critical studies have been criticized despite their popularity. In the New Times Los Angeles, a communications professional called <mask> a "city-hating socialist". The views were brought to a larger audience. According to Todd Purdum's 1999 unfriendly piece, <mask> "acknowledged faking an entire conversation with a local environmentalist, Lewis McAdams, for a cover story he wrote for L.A. Weekly a decade ago."Kevin Stannard held that the controversy was explained by the ambiguous balancing of academic research and reportage of <mask>. Jon Wiener defended <mask> in The Nation, saying that his critics were exaggerating the significance of small errors. <mask>'s focus on modern urban structures has been criticized by some academics. The flattening of people's subjectivity as they are made into "characters" more than social actors was criticized in a review essay. Andy Merrifield wrote that <mask>' analysis of Jane Jacobs' Death and Life of Great American Cities was "harsh". Merrifield and Tom Angotti have criticized <mask>' work for being anti-urban and apocalyptic. The critics say that <mask> fails to focus on activist groups among the poor and working class in solving problems.In Planet of Slums, <mask> states that he is not interested in a "reformist" approach. He believes that most reforms have failed because they treat the symptoms rather than the cause. In Ecology of Fear, he argued that realistic solutions lie in a radical transformation of the city and capitalism by the global working-class. The Lannan Literary Award for Nonfiction Works books Nonfiction Prisoners of the American Dream: Politics and Economy in the History of the U.S. was awarded in 2007. The City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles was written by the Working Class. The Land of the Lost Mammoths is a movie. Pirates, Bats, and Dragons was a movie.The Cultural Logic of Late Capital was written by Frederic Jameson. The review of "Late Victorian Holocausts: El Nio Famines and the Making of the Third World" can be found at the university. <mask>' articles were in The Nation. <mask> was interviewed by Bill Moyers. In Lingua Franca, Adam Shatz wrote "The American Earthquake - <mask> and the Politics of Disaster". "L.A. Story: Backlash of the Boosters" is a 1999 Salon.com profile. The audio of <mask>'s lecture "Who will build the Ark: The Architectural Imagination in an Age of Catastrophic Convergence" is available.There are reviews of Planet of Slums "Seven Oaks" in the January 2008 edition of Reviews A collection of reviews of Planet of Slums "Seven Oaks" in the January 2008 edition of Reviews A collection of reviews of Planet of Slums "Seven Oaks" in the January Interview with Juris Jurjevics of the San Diego Reader. An interview with the editors of a journal from the United Kingdom. The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs had an interview with IRIN News. Interview on Bill Moyers Journal. <mask> talked about his article "Can Obama See the Grand Canyon?" October 15, 2008.Lucy Raven Interview with <mask>. The first part of the summer 2008 Tomdispatch interview was "Turning a Planet into a Slum." The second part was "<mask>, Green Zones and Slum Cities." Jacobin. October 23, As workers face dangerous conditions amid reopening, we need unions and medicare. May 22, 2020. A group of writers from Los Angeles Reed College are members of the Students for a Democratic Society.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Cuneo%20%28illustrator%29

John Cuneo (illustrator)

John Cuneo (born January 4, 1957) is an American illustrator whose work has appeared in publications, including The New Yorker, Esquire, Sports Illustrated and The Atlantic Monthly. His ink and watercolor drawings have been described as covering everything from politics to sex. Early life and education Cuneo grew up in Westfield, New Jersey. His father worked as a manager at a plant nursery and his mother as a house wife. He was the oldest of three boys. He and his two brothers worked at the nursery with his father and take home produce to sell at a stand on their front lawn. At the age of 14, he learned to draw from a neighbor, Adelaide Johnson. Cuneo attended Roosevelt Jr. High, followed by Westfield High School until his junior year, when his family moved to Florida. Once in Florida, Cuneo would graduate from Lely High School in Naples, Florida in 1975 and go on to attend Florida State University for one year, followed by Colorado Institute of Art for an additional year. At Colorado Institute for Art, Cuneo learned graphic design business skills, including paste-ups with wax, making storyboards, and rendering typefaces. Bill Kastan, a local illustrator as well as an instructor at the school, befriended Cuneo and provided him with a drawing table in his studio and helped him put together a portfolio. In 1977, while in Denver, Cuneo joined a group of freelance illustrators headed by Joe Malone going under the name of No Coast Graphics, where he did freelance illustrations for The Denver Post as well as Westword. It was also in Denver where Cuneo met his wife Jan Larson. Illustration career Cuneo moved from Denver to San Francisco in 1986, and it was there that he decided to devote himself entirely to work in editorial illustration. His first published work for a major magazine appeared in Sierra Magazine, under the art direction of Martha Geering. In 1993, Cuneo returned to Denver and remained there for eight years. After his return to Denver, Cuneo began receiving assignments from Entertainment Weekly. In 2001, Cuneo and his wife moved to Woodstock, New York. Soon after, John Korpics, design director at Esquire, brought in Cuneo in 2002 to publish a series of comics called Damned Good Advice, which ran until 2003, and to illustrate the magazine's sex advice column, which ran until 2014. Work on the sex column for Esquire led to two silver awards for Cuneo from the Society of Illustrators. Cuneo's "Flu Season" appeared on the October 26, 2009 issue of The New Yorker. His second cover for The New Yorker, "Dog Meets Dog", which ran on the June 27, 2011 issue and art directed by Francoise Mouly, won the Hamilton King Award in 2012. Cuneo's August 5, 2013 New Yorker cover featured Anthony Weiner straddling the top of the Empire State Building. That cover led to a silver medal from the Society of Illustrators. In total, , Cuneo has created ten covers for the New Yorker. In 2010, Cuneo joined Golf Digest at the Masters Tournament to draw on location and record his impressions of the event. He is a regular contributor to Golf Digest. Books In 2004, Steven Guarnaccia, who was head of the illustration department at Parsons, recommended Cuneo's sketchbooks to Fantagraphics. Editor Eric Reynolds got in touch to discuss compiling some of the sketchbook work into a book. Robert Festino, who Cuneo had worked with at Entertainment Weekly, put together a dummy of a book during his off-hours at the Entertainment Weekly offices. The mockup was sent to Fantagraphics and co-publisher Kim Thompson went ahead with plans to publish nEuROTIC. The cover illustration chosen for the book had previously won a gold medal from the Society of Illustrators, and the book was released in 2007, designed and art directed by Robert Festino. Ten years after nEuROTIC, Gary Groth, publisher at Fantagraphics, suggested a sequel to Cuneo. While nEuRoTIC had been drawn almost entirely using a Rapidograph, the pieces in the new collection for Not Waving But Drawing were created using a Uni-ball roller pen or a Micron pen. The book was released in 2017. In 2017, Cuneo illustrated the book Who's Rich?, authored by Michael Schaub, published By Random House. Fantagraphics published Cuneo's third collection of sketchbook drawings in 2021. Coping Skills was described by New Yorker art editor Françoise Mouly as "scabrous and depraved" in nature. Group Exhibitions State of the Art:Illustration 100 Years After Howard Pyle, Delaware Art Museum, 2013 Awards Society of Illustrators Silver Medal for uncommissioned work FU, Society of Illustrators, 2016 Silver Medal for New Yorker cover, Winter Delight, art directed by Francois Mouly, 2016 Gold Medal for uncommissioned category titled Killed Sex Sketches, 2015 Silver Medal for New Yorker cover, 'Carlos Danger', art directed by Franciose Mouly, 2014 Silver Medal for Town and Country magazine article, Erotic Art, art directed by Edward Leida, 2013 Silver Medal for a drawing titled Julip in the Good Dog column in Garden & Gun magazine, art directed by Marshall McKinney, 2012 Hamilton King Award,for New Yorker cover, Dog Meets Dog. art directed by Francoise Mouly, 2012 Silver Medal, Society of Illustrators, 2010 Silver Medal for Frog Calendar (Poster), Dellas Graphics, art directed by Jim Burke, 2006 Silver Medal for Esquire magazine's sex advice column, Is Al Green Good for your Sex Life?, art directed by John Korpics, 2006 Gold Medal for an uncommissioned piece which subsequently became the cover for nEuROTIC, designer Robert Festino, 2004 Silver Medal for Esquire magazine's sex advice column, art directed by John Korpics, 2004 Society of Illustrators, San Francisco Gold Medal, 1995 Judge's Appreciation, 1995 Best of Show, 1995 Silver Medal for Golf Illustrated Magazine, art directed by Bobbi Laberge, 1993 Judge's Choice for Motorland Magazine, art director by Al Davidson, 1993 Honorable Mention Humor Award, 1992 Silver Humor Award, 1991 Gold Humor Award, 1990 Others Award of Excellence, for The New York Times Book Review, Intoxicating Prose, art directed by Nicholas Blechman, Communication Arts Illustration Annual, 2014 Personal life The artist lives in Woodstock, New York with his wife Jan. The couple have one son, Jack Cuneo. References External links Living people 1957 births American magazine illustrators Artists from New Jersey Florida State University alumni The New Yorker people People from Westfield, New Jersey Westfield High School (New Jersey) alumni

<mask> (born January 4, 1957) is an American illustrator whose work has appeared in publications, including The New Yorker, Esquire, Sports Illustrated and The Atlantic Monthly. His ink and watercolor drawings have been described as covering everything from politics to sex. Early life and education <mask> grew up in Westfield, New Jersey. His father worked as a manager at a plant nursery and his mother as a house wife. He was the oldest of three boys. He and his two brothers worked at the nursery with his father and take home produce to sell at a stand on their front lawn. At the age of 14, he learned to draw from a neighbor, <mask>.Cuneo attended Roosevelt Jr. High, followed by Westfield High School until his junior year, when his family moved to Florida. Once in Florida, Cuneo would graduate from Lely High School in Naples, Florida in 1975 and go on to attend Florida State University for one year, followed by Colorado Institute of Art for an additional year. At Colorado Institute for Art, Cuneo learned graphic design business skills, including paste-ups with wax, making storyboards, and rendering typefaces. Bill Kastan, a local illustrator as well as an instructor at the school, befriended Cuneo and provided him with a drawing table in his studio and helped him put together a portfolio. In 1977, while in Denver, Cuneo joined a group of freelance illustrators headed by Joe Malone going under the name of No Coast Graphics, where he did freelance illustrations for The Denver Post as well as Westword. It was also in Denver where Cuneo met his wife Jan Larson. Illustration career Cuneo moved from Denver to San Francisco in 1986, and it was there that he decided to devote himself entirely to work in editorial illustration.His first published work for a major magazine appeared in Sierra Magazine, under the art direction of Martha Geering. In 1993, Cuneo returned to Denver and remained there for eight years. After his return to Denver, Cuneo began receiving assignments from Entertainment Weekly. In 2001, Cuneo and his wife moved to Woodstock, New York. Soon after, <mask>, design director at Esquire, brought in <mask> in 2002 to publish a series of comics called Damned Good Advice, which ran until 2003, and to illustrate the magazine's sex advice column, which ran until 2014. Work on the sex column for Esquire led to two silver awards for Cuneo from the Society of Illustrators. Cuneo's "Flu Season" appeared on the October 26, 2009 issue of The New Yorker.His second cover for The New Yorker, "Dog Meets Dog", which ran on the June 27, 2011 issue and art directed by Francoise Mouly, won the Hamilton King Award in 2012. Cuneo's August 5, 2013 New Yorker cover featured Anthony Weiner straddling the top of the Empire State Building. That cover led to a silver medal from the Society of Illustrators. In total, , Cuneo has created ten covers for the New Yorker. In 2010, Cuneo joined Golf Digest at the Masters Tournament to draw on location and record his impressions of the event. He is a regular contributor to Golf Digest. Books In 2004, Steven Guarnaccia, who was head of the illustration department at Parsons, recommended Cuneo's sketchbooks to Fantagraphics.Editor Eric Reynolds got in touch to discuss compiling some of the sketchbook work into a book. Robert Festino, who Cuneo had worked with at Entertainment Weekly, put together a dummy of a book during his off-hours at the Entertainment Weekly offices. The mockup was sent to Fantagraphics and co-publisher Kim Thompson went ahead with plans to publish nEuROTIC. The cover illustration chosen for the book had previously won a gold medal from the Society of Illustrators, and the book was released in 2007, designed and art directed by Robert Festino. Ten years after nEuROTIC, Gary Groth, publisher at Fantagraphics, suggested a sequel to Cuneo. While nEuRoTIC had been drawn almost entirely using a Rapidograph, the pieces in the new collection for Not Waving But Drawing were created using a Uni-ball roller pen or a Micron pen. The book was released in 2017.In 2017, Cuneo illustrated the book Who's Rich?, authored by Michael Schaub, published By Random House. Fantagraphics published Cuneo's third collection of sketchbook drawings in 2021. Coping Skills was described by New Yorker art editor Françoise Mouly as "scabrous and depraved" in nature. Group Exhibitions State of the Art:Illustration 100 Years After Howard Pyle, Delaware Art Museum, 2013 Awards Society of Illustrators Silver Medal for uncommissioned work FU, Society of Illustrators, 2016 Silver Medal for New Yorker cover, Winter Delight, art directed by Francois Mouly, 2016 Gold Medal for uncommissioned category titled Killed Sex Sketches, 2015 Silver Medal for New Yorker cover, 'Carlos Danger', art directed by Franciose Mouly, 2014 Silver Medal for Town and Country magazine article, Erotic Art, art directed by Edward Leida, 2013 Silver Medal for a drawing titled Julip in the Good Dog column in Garden & Gun magazine, art directed by Marshall McKinney, 2012 Hamilton King Award,for New Yorker cover, Dog Meets Dog. art directed by Francoise Mouly, 2012 Silver Medal, Society of Illustrators, 2010 Silver Medal for Frog Calendar (Poster), Dellas Graphics, art directed by Jim Burke, 2006 Silver Medal for Esquire magazine's sex advice column, Is Al Green Good for your Sex Life?, art directed by <mask>, 2006 Gold Medal for an uncommissioned piece which subsequently became the cover for nEuROTIC, designer Robert Festino, 2004 Silver Medal for Esquire magazine's sex advice column, art directed by <mask>, 2004 Society of Illustrators, San Francisco Gold Medal, 1995 Judge's Appreciation, 1995 Best of Show, 1995 Silver Medal for Golf Illustrated Magazine, art directed by Bobbi Laberge, 1993 Judge's Choice for Motorland Magazine, art director by Al Davidson, 1993 Honorable Mention Humor Award, 1992 Silver Humor Award, 1991 Gold Humor Award, 1990 Others Award of Excellence, for The New York Times Book Review, Intoxicating Prose, art directed by Nicholas Blechman, Communication Arts Illustration Annual, 2014 Personal life The artist lives in Woodstock, New York with his wife Jan. The couple have one son, Jack Cuneo. References External links Living people 1957 births American magazine illustrators Artists from New Jersey Florida State University alumni The New Yorker people People from Westfield, New Jersey Westfield High School (New Jersey) alumni

<mask> is an American illustrator whose work has appeared in publications, including The New Yorker. His drawings are said to cover everything from politics to sex. Cuneo grew up in New Jersey and was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 His mother was a house wife and his father worked at a plant nursery. He was the oldest of the three boys. He and his two brothers used to work at the nursery with their father and sell produce on their front lawn. He learned to draw from his neighbor at the age of 14.Cuneo's family moved to Florida when he was a junior in high school. <mask> graduated from Lely High School in Naples, Florida in 1975 and went on to attend Florida State University and the Colorado Institute of Art. Cuneo learned graphic design business skills at the Colorado Institute for Art. Bill Kastan, an instructor at the school as well as an illustrator, befriended <mask> and gave him a drawing table in his studio and helped him put together a portfolio. Cuneo went under the name of No Coast Graphics in 1977 and did illustrations for The Denver Post and Westword. Cuneo met his wife in Denver. Cuneo moved from Denver to San Francisco in 1986 in order to devote himself to work in editorial illustration.His first published work was for Sierra Magazine. <mask> stayed in Denver for eight years. <mask> received assignments from Entertainment Weekly after he returned to Denver. <mask> and his wife moved to New York in 2001. <mask> brought in <mask> in 2002 to publish a series of comics called Damned Good Advice, which ran until 2003 and illustrated the magazine's sex advice column. <mask> received two silver awards from the Society of Illustrators for work on the sex column. <mask>'s "Flu Season" appeared in The New Yorker.He won the Hamilton King Award in 2012 for his second cover for The New Yorker. Anthony Weiner was on the top of the Empire State Building on the New Yorker cover. The Society of Illustrators gave a silver medal to that cover. Cuneo has created ten covers for the New Yorker. Cuneo joined Golf Digest at the Masters Tournament in 2010 to record his impressions of the event. He writes for Golf Digest. Cuneo's sketchbooks were recommended by Steven Guarnaccia, who was head of the illustration department at the time.Editor Eric Reynolds talked to him about putting some of the sketchbook work into a book. Cuneo had worked with Robert Festino, who put together a dummy of a book during his off-hours at Entertainment Weekly. Kim Thompson went ahead with plans to publish nEuROTIC despite the fact that the mockup was sent to a different company. The book was designed and art directed by Robert Festino and the cover illustration won a gold medal from the Society of Illustrators. Gary Groth suggested a sequel to Cuneo after ten years. The pieces in the new collection for Not Waving But Drawing were created using a Uni-ball roller pen or a Micron pen. The book was released a year ago.The book Who's Rich? was illustrated by <mask>. Cuneo's third collection of sketchbook drawings was published by Fantagraphics. Franoise Mouly, art editor of the New Yorker, described Coping Skills as "scabrous and depraved" in nature. Group Exhibitions State of the Art:Illustration 100 Years After Howard Pyle, Delaware Art Museum, 2013 Awards Society of Illustrators Silver Medal for uncommissioned work. Is Al Green Good for your Sex Life?, was art directed by Jim Burke. <mask> is the son of the couple. People from New Jersey, Florida State University, and the New Yorker are mentioned.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20A.%20Rusher

William A. Rusher

William Allen Rusher (July 19, 1923 – April 16, 2011) was an American lawyer, author, activist, and conservative columnist. He was one of the founders of the conservative movement and was one of its most prominent spokesmen for thirty years as publisher of National Review magazine, which was edited by William F. Buckley Jr. Historian Geoffrey Kabaservice argues that, "in many ways it was Rusher, not Buckley, who was the founding father of the conservative movement as it currently exists. We have Rusher, not Buckley, to thank for the populist, operationally sophisticated, and occasionally extremist elements that characterize the contemporary movement."<ref>Geoffrey Kabaservice, "The Syndicate," [http://www.tnr.com/book/review/william-rusher-national-review-david-frisk The New Republic] August 27, 2012]</ref> Early life Rusher was born in Chicago in 1923. His family had not been especially political; his parents were moderate Republicans, and his paternal grandfather had been a socialist. In 1930, the family moved to the New York metropolitan area and lived on Long Island. Rusher entered Princeton University at sixteen and was active in student affairs, especially debate. He majored in political science. After graduation in 1943 and wartime service in the United States Army Air Corps, he attended Harvard Law School, where he founded and led the Harvard Young Republicans and from which he graduated in 1948. Until 1956, Rusher practiced corporate law at Shearman, Sterling & Wright, a Wall Street firm in New York City. He then served as associate counsel to the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, under chief counsel Robert J. Morris, for seventeen months. In these years, Rusher was also active in New York state and national Young Republican politics, helping F. Clifton White to lead an alliance in these organizations including The New York Young Republican Club. He came to the attention of William F. Buckley Jr., editor of the fledgling National Review, shortly after its founding in late 1955, when he wrote an essay for the Harvard Young Republican paper, titled "Cult of Doubt." National Review and political activism In mid-1957, William F. Buckley Jr. hired Rusher as publisher of National Review. At the magazine, he oversaw the business operations, but more importantly served as a link to the world of conservative and Republican politics. He held the rank although not the title of senior editor and as such was a full participant in its internal deliberations. At National Review, he advocated that the magazine develop and maintain a leadership role in the conservative movement. In doing this, Rusher sometimes disagreed with Buckley and senior editor James Burnham. In his philosophy of conservative politics and his belief in the urgent need for an active and unified movement to pursue conservative politics, he was especially close to another senior editor at the magazine, Frank Meyer. Rusher was an early mentor of Young Americans for Freedom, founded in Connecticut with his assistance in 1960. He helped to found the Conservative Party of New York State in 1961, and the American Conservative Union in 1964. He was a mentor to young conservative activists from these early years into the 1990s. In 1961, Rusher worked with Clif White and Congressman John Ashbrook to form the nucleus of what became U.S. Senator Barry M. Goldwater's campaign for the Republican nomination for the presidency in 1964, known as the Draft Goldwater Committee. Goldwater's victory in the bitterly fought nomination contest over New York Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller and the previously dominant moderate or liberal establishment in the Republican Party was the first stage in the rise to national power of the conservative movement. In December 1961, Rusher was a founding member of the American Committee for Aid to Katanga Freedom Fighters, a lobbying group which sought U.S. recognition of Katanga. In 1966, Rusher together with Max Yergan became co-chairmen of the American-African Affairs Association (AAAA), which lobbied the United States to recognize Rhodesia. A major theme of the publications of the American-African Affairs Association was the black opponents of Rhodesia were controlled by either the Soviet Union or China, and to allow majority rule in Rhodesia would thus allow Communism to be established there. In a letter to the editor of The Nation in 1967, Rusher admitted that an overlap in topics and themes expressed by the AAAA and the Rhodesian Information Office was due to the fact that AAAA shared the same offices at 79 Madison Avenue in New York as the public relations firm of Marvin Liebman Associates, which had been hired by the Information Office to improve Rhodesia's image in America.  As a part of his efforts to assist Rhodesia, Rusher introduced Kenneth Towsey, the head of the New York office of the Rhodesian Information Office, to various media personalities where Towsey made his case that Rhodesia, which was often pillared in the United States for its white supremacist policies, was just being misunderstood by the American media. Beginning in the late 1950s and continuing well past his retirement from National Review at the end of the 1980s, Rusher was a very active public speaker on college campuses and in other forums, where he defended and advocated the conservative position. In the early 1970s, he was the main conservative representative on a PBS television debate show, The Advocates, which also featured the later governor of Massachusetts, Michael S. Dukakis, the 1988 Democratic presidential nominee. Rusher was also a commentator on ABC-TV's Good Morning America in the late 1970s and a regular radio commentator in the 1980s. Throughout Rusher's career, he was known as an aggressive and exceptionally skilled debater. However, in a 1971 debate, Rusher faced formidable opposition in linguist and prominent anti-war activist MIT professor Noam Chomsky; Rusher repeatedly interrupted Chomsky, who calmly and assertively answered his questions. In the middle 1970s, Rusher was among the most prominent advocates for a conservative third party, or as he called it "new majority party," that would replace the Republicans; he was also involved heavily in efforts to organize such a party. He repeatedly and unsuccessfully urged Reagan, whom he had known since the late 1960s, to lead this effort and to agree to accept such a party's nomination. Although he was a "fusionist" conservative who believed in both small-government and socially-conservative positions, Rusher was greatly concerned with unifying the movement and keeping it unified. He believed that Ronald W. Reagan, whom he promoted as a possible presidential candidate as early as 1967 and in whose reluctant campaign for the Republican nomination in 1968 he had some involvement, was the ideal leader for this purpose. Rusher also believed that the Reagan presidency was the conservatives' greatest political achievement. In terms of issues, he was heavily motivated by anti-communism throughout his career, was an outspoken opponent of the 1960s counterculture, and took a special interest in what he considered pervasive liberal bias in the news media. As an adult he was baptized and became a Traditional Anglican, although his religious views rarely entered into his political discourse. In 1976, Rusher together with Marvin Liebman and a former CIA officer, David Atlee Phillips, founded a new pro-Rhodesian lobbying group, the American-Rhodesian Association, whose object was having the U.S. recognize Rhodesia. Despite its public claim to be working independently of Rhodesia, the American-Rhodesian Association worked closely with the Information Office of the Rhodesian government. In 1978, Rusher visited Chile, where he praised the regime of General Augusto Pinochet, saying he was "unable to find a single opponent of the regime in Chile (as distinguished from New York) who believes the Chilean government engages in torture". Rusher also wrote about the status of political prisoners that "about four thousand Allende sympathizers were prosecuted and convicted of specific crimes after the 1973 coup", of which all "but a dozen were sent into exile abroad or were jailed". Finally, he argued that even if the Pinochet regime had violated human rights, it did not matter because the regime was "creating a powerful and truly sinewy Chilean economy" and "sacrifices to this end are very much worth making".   Rusher wrote five books: Special Counsel (1968), a memoir of his time on the Internal Security Subcommittee; The Making of the New Majority Party (1975), in which he advocated the establishment of a new conservative party to replace the Republicans in the post-Watergate period; How to Win Arguments (1981), a primer of debating techniques; The Rise of the Right (1984), a history of the conservative movement from the 1950s to the early 1980s, re-released in 1993 with an appendix covering more recent developments; and The Coming Battle for the Media (1988). At times, Rusher doubted the GOP could ever be converted to true conservatism, and spent some of his career unsuccessfully trying to jump-start a conservative third party. Retirement Rusher retired from National Review at age 65 at the end of 1988. The following year, he moved from New York to San Francisco. In California, Rusher served actively as a distinguished fellow of the Claremont Institute from 1989 onward. He also served as a board member of the conservative California Political Review, and was for many years the chairman of the board of the Media Research Center, an anti-bias organization founded and led by L. Brent Bozell III. In addition, Rusher was involved with the Ashbrook Center for Public Affairs, the Pacific Research Institute, and the Pacific Legal Foundation. He was in the news during the hearings for the Samuel Alito Supreme Court nomination in 2005, when he allowed Senate staff members to inspect documents related to the Concerned Alumni of Princeton group, in which Alito was tangentially involved, in the Rusher Papers at the Library of Congress. Rusher retired from his newspaper column, which he had written since 1973 under the title "The Conservative Advocate," in February 2009. After more than half a year of ill health, he died in April 2011 in an assisted living home in San Francisco. He never married and had no survivors. Publications Books Special Counsel. New Rochelle, NY: Arlington House, 1968. How to Win Arguments More Often Than Not. New York: Doubleday, 1981. . The Rise of the Right. New York: Morrow, 1984. . The Coming Battle for the Media: Curbing the Power of the Media Elite. New York: Morrow, 1988. . Articles "The Vindication of American Anti-Communism" (Review Essay). Orbis, Vol. 40, No. 4, Autumn 1996, pp. 627–637. . References Further reading Frisk, David B. If Not Us, Who?: William Rusher, National Review, and the Conservative Movement. Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 2011. . Hemmer, Nicole, Messengers of the Right: Conservative Media and the Transformation of American Politics (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016; academic review) External linksFiring Line, with William F. Buckley, Jr. "The Republican Party and Moderates", September 6, 1984.The Open Mind, with Richard Heffner. "The Rise of the Right", June 27, 1984. "The Coming Battle for the Media", January 14, 1989.Conversations with History, with Harry Kreisler. "The Conservative Moment" (Transcript), April 25, 1990. "Terrorism and Media Responsibility ". Major Issues Lectures Series. Ashbrook Center for Public Affairs, April 4, 1986. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/08/books/review/if-not-us-who-by-david-b-frisk.html?ref=books https://www.nationalreview.com/nrd/articles/297262/nr-s-other-bill http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/gentleman-bruiser/ http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/jun/21/book-review-if-not-us-who/ http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/265074/remembering-william-rusher-nro-symposium http://www.sfgate.com/default/article/William-Rusher-he-made-conservatism-popular-2374173.php Rusher's homepage at the Claremont Institute 1990 interview with Rusher Rusher to Retirement by Interview Kathryn Jean Lopez, National Review Online'' http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/265096/mr-rusher-president-calling-nro-staff http://conservative.org/acuf/issue-179/issue179pol2/ http://cnsnews.com/news/article/brent-bozell-remembering-bill-rusher http://www.bizjournals.com/prnewswire/press_releases/2011/04/18/DC85088 http://www.conservative.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/CBO-110504.pdf 1923 births 2011 deaths Lawyers from Chicago Princeton University alumni Harvard Law School alumni American political writers American male non-fiction writers American columnists National Review people New York (state) Republicans Barry Goldwater Writers from Chicago Writers from New York City New Right (United States) American Continuing Anglicans

<mask> (July 19, 1923 – April 16, 2011) was an American lawyer, author, activist, and conservative columnist. He was one of the founders of the conservative movement and was one of its most prominent spokesmen for thirty years as publisher of National Review magazine, which was edited by <mask>. Buckley Jr. Historian Geoffrey Kabaservice argues that, "in many ways it was <mask>, not Buckley, who was the founding father of the conservative movement as it currently exists. We have <mask>, not Buckley, to thank for the populist, operationally sophisticated, and occasionally extremist elements that characterize the contemporary movement. "<ref>Geoffrey Kabaservice, "The Syndicate," [http://www.tnr.com/book/review/william-rusher-national-review-david-frisk The New Republic] August 27, 2012]</ref> Early life <mask> was born in Chicago in 1923. His family had not been especially political; his parents were moderate Republicans, and his paternal grandfather had been a socialist. In 1930, the family moved to the New York metropolitan area and lived on Long Island.Rusher entered Princeton University at sixteen and was active in student affairs, especially debate. He majored in political science. After graduation in 1943 and wartime service in the United States Army Air Corps, he attended Harvard Law School, where he founded and led the Harvard Young Republicans and from which he graduated in 1948. Until 1956, Rusher practiced corporate law at Shearman, Sterling & Wright, a Wall Street firm in New York City. He then served as associate counsel to the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee, under chief counsel Robert J. Morris, for seventeen months. In these years, Rusher was also active in New York state and national Young Republican politics, helping F. Clifton White to lead an alliance in these organizations including The New York Young Republican Club. He came to the attention of <mask>. Buckley Jr., editor of the fledgling National Review, shortly after its founding in late 1955, when he wrote an essay for the Harvard Young Republican paper, titled "Cult of Doubt."National Review and political activism In mid-1957, <mask>. Buckley Jr. hired Rusher as publisher of National Review. At the magazine, he oversaw the business operations, but more importantly served as a link to the world of conservative and Republican politics. He held the rank although not the title of senior editor and as such was a full participant in its internal deliberations. At National Review, he advocated that the magazine develop and maintain a leadership role in the conservative movement. In doing this, Rusher sometimes disagreed with Buckley and senior editor James Burnham. In his philosophy of conservative politics and his belief in the urgent need for an active and unified movement to pursue conservative politics, he was especially close to another senior editor at the magazine, Frank Meyer. Rusher was an early mentor of Young Americans for Freedom, founded in Connecticut with his assistance in 1960.He helped to found the Conservative Party of New York State in 1961, and the American Conservative Union in 1964. He was a mentor to young conservative activists from these early years into the 1990s. In 1961, Rusher worked with Clif White and Congressman <mask> to form the nucleus of what became U.S. Senator Barry M. Goldwater's campaign for the Republican nomination for the presidency in 1964, known as the Draft Goldwater Committee. Goldwater's victory in the bitterly fought nomination contest over New York Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller and the previously dominant moderate or liberal establishment in the Republican Party was the first stage in the rise to national power of the conservative movement. In December 1961, <mask> was a founding member of the American Committee for Aid to Katanga Freedom Fighters, a lobbying group which sought U.S. recognition of Katanga. In 1966, <mask> together with Max Yergan became co-chairmen of the American-African Affairs Association (AAAA), which lobbied the United States to recognize Rhodesia.A major theme of the publications of the American-African Affairs Association was the black opponents of Rhodesia were controlled by either the Soviet Union or China, and to allow majority rule in Rhodesia would thus allow Communism to be established there. In a letter to the editor of The Nation in 1967, Rusher admitted that an overlap in topics and themes expressed by the AAAA and the Rhodesian Information Office was due to the fact that AAAA shared the same offices at 79 Madison Avenue in New York as the public relations firm of Marvin Liebman Associates, which had been hired by the Information Office to improve Rhodesia's image in America. As a part of his efforts to assist Rhodesia, Rusher introduced Kenneth Towsey, the head of the New York office of the Rhodesian Information Office, to various media personalities where Towsey made his case that Rhodesia, which was often pillared in the United States for its white supremacist policies, was just being misunderstood by the American media. Beginning in the late 1950s and continuing well past his retirement from National Review at the end of the 1980s, Rusher was a very active public speaker on college campuses and in other forums, where he defended and advocated the conservative position. In the early 1970s, he was the main conservative representative on a PBS television debate show, The Advocates, which also featured the later governor of Massachusetts, Michael S. Dukakis, the 1988 Democratic presidential nominee. Rusher was also a commentator on ABC-TV's Good Morning America in the late 1970s and a regular radio commentator in the 1980s. Throughout Rusher's career, he was known as an aggressive and exceptionally skilled debater.However, in a 1971 debate, Rusher faced formidable opposition in linguist and prominent anti-war activist MIT professor Noam Chomsky; Rusher repeatedly interrupted Chomsky, who calmly and assertively answered his questions. In the middle 1970s, Rusher was among the most prominent advocates for a conservative third party, or as he called it "new majority party," that would replace the Republicans; he was also involved heavily in efforts to organize such a party. He repeatedly and unsuccessfully urged Reagan, whom he had known since the late 1960s, to lead this effort and to agree to accept such a party's nomination. Although he was a "fusionist" conservative who believed in both small-government and socially-conservative positions, Rusher was greatly concerned with unifying the movement and keeping it unified. He believed that Ronald W. Reagan, whom he promoted as a possible presidential candidate as early as 1967 and in whose reluctant campaign for the Republican nomination in 1968 he had some involvement, was the ideal leader for this purpose. Rusher also believed that the Reagan presidency was the conservatives' greatest political achievement. In terms of issues, he was heavily motivated by anti-communism throughout his career, was an outspoken opponent of the 1960s counterculture, and took a special interest in what he considered pervasive liberal bias in the news media.As an adult he was baptized and became a Traditional Anglican, although his religious views rarely entered into his political discourse. In 1976, Rusher together with Marvin Liebman and a former CIA officer, <mask>lee Phillips, founded a new pro-Rhodesian lobbying group, the American-Rhodesian Association, whose object was having the U.S. recognize Rhodesia. Despite its public claim to be working independently of Rhodesia, the American-Rhodesian Association worked closely with the Information Office of the Rhodesian government. In 1978, Rusher visited Chile, where he praised the regime of General <mask> Pinochet, saying he was "unable to find a single opponent of the regime in Chile (as distinguished from New York) who believes the Chilean government engages in torture". Rusher also wrote about the status of political prisoners that "about four thousand Allende sympathizers were prosecuted and convicted of specific crimes after the 1973 coup", of which all "but a dozen were sent into exile abroad or were jailed". Finally, he argued that even if the Pinochet regime had violated human rights, it did not matter because the regime was "creating a powerful and truly sinewy Chilean economy" and "sacrifices to this end are very much worth making". Rusher wrote five books: Special Counsel (1968), a memoir of his time on the Internal Security Subcommittee; The Making of the New Majority Party (1975), in which he advocated the establishment of a new conservative party to replace the Republicans in the post-Watergate period; How to Win Arguments (1981), a primer of debating techniques; The Rise of the Right (1984), a history of the conservative movement from the 1950s to the early 1980s, re-released in 1993 with an appendix covering more recent developments; and The Coming Battle for the Media (1988).At times, Rusher doubted the GOP could ever be converted to true conservatism, and spent some of his career unsuccessfully trying to jump-start a conservative third party. Retirement Rusher retired from National Review at age 65 at the end of 1988. The following year, he moved from New York to San Francisco. In California, Rusher served actively as a distinguished fellow of the Claremont Institute from 1989 onward. He also served as a board member of the conservative California Political Review, and was for many years the chairman of the board of the Media Research Center, an anti-bias organization founded and led by L. Brent Bozell III. In addition, Rusher was involved with the Ashbrook Center for Public Affairs, the Pacific Research Institute, and the Pacific Legal Foundation. He was in the news during the hearings for the <mask> Supreme Court nomination in 2005, when he allowed Senate staff members to inspect documents related to the Concerned Alumni of Princeton group, in which <mask> was tangentially involved, in the Rusher Papers at the Library of Congress.Rusher retired from his newspaper column, which he had written since 1973 under the title "The Conservative Advocate," in February 2009. After more than half a year of ill health, he died in April 2011 in an assisted living home in San Francisco. He never married and had no survivors. Publications Books Special Counsel. New Rochelle, NY: Arlington House, 1968. How to Win Arguments More Often Than Not. New York: Doubleday, 1981. .The Rise of the Right. New York: Morrow, 1984. . The Coming Battle for the Media: Curbing the Power of the Media Elite. New York: Morrow, 1988. . Articles "The Vindication of American Anti-Communism" (Review Essay). Orbis, Vol. 40, No.4, Autumn 1996, pp. 627–637. . References Further reading Frisk, David B. If Not Us, Who? : <mask>, National Review, and the Conservative Movement. Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 2011. . Hemmer, Nicole, Messengers of the Right: Conservative Media and the Transformation of American Politics (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2016; academic review) External linksFiring Line, with <mask>. Buckley, Jr. "The Republican Party and Moderates", September 6, 1984.The Open Mind, with Richard Heffner. "The Rise of the Right", June 27, 1984. "The Coming Battle for the Media", January 14, 1989.Conversations with History, with Harry Kreisler."The Conservative Moment" (Transcript), April 25, 1990. "Terrorism and Media Responsibility ". Major Issues Lectures Series.

<mask> was an American lawyer, author, activist, and conservative columnist. He was the publisher of National Review magazine for thirty years and was one of the most prominent spokesmen in the conservative movement. <mask>, not Buckley, was the founding father of the conservative movement according to a historian. Rusher is responsible for the populist, operationally sophisticated, and occasionally extremist elements that make up the contemporary movement. Early life <mask> was born. His parents were moderate Republicans and his paternal grandfather was a socialist. The family moved to the New York metropolitan area in 1930.Rusher was an active student at the University. He majored in political science. After graduating from Harvard Law School in 1948, he founded and led the Harvard Young Republicans. Rusher practiced corporate law at a New York City firm. He was an associate counsel to the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee for seventeen months. Rusher was involved in New York state and national Young Republican politics. He came to the attention of <mask>. Buckley Jr., editor of the National Review, when he wrote an essay for the Harvard Young Republican paper.<mask>. Buckley Jr. hired <mask> as publisher of National Review. He oversaw the business operations at the magazine and served as a link to the world of conservative and Republican politics. He was a full participant in its internal deliberations despite not being a senior editor. At National Review, he advocated for the magazine to have a leadership role in the conservative movement. Rusher sometimes disagreed with Buckley. He was close to another senior editor at the magazine, Frank Meyer, in his philosophy of conservative politics and his belief in the urgent need for an active and unified movement to pursue conservative politics. Young Americans for Freedom was founded in Connecticut by <mask>.In 1961, he helped to found the Conservative Party of New York State. He was a mentor to young conservative activists. Rusher worked with Clif White and <mask> to form the nucleus of the U.S. The Draft Goldwater Committee was Barry M. Goldwater's campaign for the Republican nomination for the presidency in 1964. The rise of national power of the conservative movement can be traced back to Goldwater's victory in the Republican nomination contest. <mask> was a founding member of the American Committee for Aid to Katanga Freedom Fighters. <mask> and Max Yergan became co-chairmen of the American-African Affairs Association in 1966 after lobbying the United States to recognize Rhodesia.The black opponents of Rhodesia were controlled by either the Soviet Union or China, and allowing majority rule in Rhodesia would allow Communism to be established there. Rusher wrote a letter to the editor of The Nation in 1967, admitting that there was an overlap between the Rhodesian Information Office and the public relations firm of Marvin Lieb. Kenneth Towsey, the head of the New York office of the Rhodesian Information Office, was introduced to various media personalities by Rusher as part of his efforts to assist Rhodesia. Rusher was a very active public speaker on college campuses and in other forums, where he defended and advocated the conservative position after he retired from National Review at the end of the 1980s. In the early 1970s, he was the main conservative representative on a PBS television debate show, The Advocates, which also featured the later governor of Massachusetts, Michael S. Dukakis, the 1988 Democratic presidential nominee. Rusher was a commentator on ABC-TV's Good Morning America in the late 1970s. Rusher was known as an aggressive and skilled debater.Rusher faced formidable opposition in a 1971 debate from Chomsky, who calmly and assertively answered his questions. Rusher was one of the most prominent advocates for a conservative third party in the 70s that would replace the Republicans. He tried to convince Reagan to accept the party's nomination and lead the effort. Rusher was concerned with unifying the movement and keeping it unified, even though he was a "fusionist" conservative who believed in both small-government and socially-conservative positions. He believed Ronald W. Reagan to be the ideal leader for this purpose because he had some involvement in Reagan's campaign for the Republican nomination in 1968. Rusher believed that the Reagan presidency was the greatest achievement of the conservatives. He took a special interest in what he considered to be liberal bias in the news media and was heavily motivated by anti-communism throughout his career.Although his religious views rarely entered into his political discourse, as an adult he became a Traditional Anglican. The American-Rhodesian Association was founded in 1976 by <mask>, Marvin Liebman, and <mask>hillips, who wanted the U.S. to recognize Rhodesia. The American-Rhodesian Association worked closely with the Information Office of the Rhodesian government despite its public claim to be independent. Rusher was unable to find an opponent of the Pinochet regime in Chile who did not believe in torture. About four thousand <mask>de sympathizers were prosecuted and convicted of specific crimes after the 1973 coup, but a dozen were sent into exile or were jailed, according to Rusher. He argued that even if the Pinochet regime had violated human rights, it didn't matter because they were creating a powerful and truly sinewy Chilean economy and sacrificing to this end are very much worth making. Special Counsel, a memoir of his time on the Internal Security Subcommittee, was one of the five books Rusher wrote.Rusher didn't think the GOP could ever be converted to true conservatism, and spent some of his career trying to start a third party. Retirement Rusher retired from National Review at the age of 65. He moved from New York to San Francisco the next year. <mask> was a distinguished fellow of the Claremont Institute in California. He was the chairman of the board of the Media Research Center for many years and served as a board member of the conservative California Political Review. Rusher was involved with the Ashbrook Center for Public Affairs, the Pacific Research Institute, and the Pacific Legal Foundation. He was in the news during the hearings for the <mask>to Supreme Court nomination in 2005, when he allowed Senate staff members to inspect documents related to the Rusher Papers at the Library of Congress.Rusher retired from his newspaper column in February 2009. He died in an assisted living home in San Francisco in April of 2011. He had no survivors. Special Counsel books. Arlington House was in New Rochelle, NY. How to win arguments more often. New York: Doubleday.The rise of the right. Morrow was in New York in 1984. Curbing the Power of the Media Elite is the coming battle for the media. Morrow was in New York. There are articles about theication of American anti-Communism. Orbis, Vol. 40, No.The Autumn 1996, pp. 4, was published in 1996. Frisk, David B. Who are we if not us? National Review and the Conservative movement was founded by <mask>. The University of Pennsylvania Press published Messengers of the Right: Conservative Media and the Transformation of American Politics. "The Rise of the Right" was written in 1984. "The Coming Battle for the Media" was broadcasted on January 14, 1989."The Conservative Moment" was recorded on April 25, 1990. There is terrorism and media responsibility. The series deals with major issues.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven%20%27Bo%27%20Keeley

Steven 'Bo' Keeley

Steven Bo Keeley, born in February 1949, is an American adventurer, naturalist, holistic healer, veterinarian, professional athlete, commodity market consultant, garage publisher, and executive tour guide, who in 2000 left civilization for a desert burrow in southern California, then, in 2009, became a world-traveling expatriate. Early life Keeley grew up in Idaho and Michigan, and graduated in 1972 with a DVM from Michigan State University (MSU). His father was an electrical and later nuclear engineer, and mother a Welcome Wagon activist as the family moved through fifteen cities in as many years to settle in Jackson, Michigan. Steven Keeley won the Jackson Junior Chess Championship, and, at MSU, multiple intramural sports championships for Farmhouse fraternity to place them first in the all-fraternity competition for the first time in 100 years. After veterinary school he moved to California where a bureaucratic licensing issue caused him to seek a sports career in professional racquetball and paddleball, in which he gained national prominence. Athletic career Keeley was one of the top three racquetball players in the world from 1971 to 1976 and in the top ten until 1979, while winning seven NPA National Paddleball Titles. Keeley won the National Paddleball Singles Championship in 1971, 1973, 1974, 1976 and 1977. He captured the National Paddleball Doubles Championship in 1974 with Len Baldori and in 1976 with Andy Homa. Keeley was the second player in history to win a Professional Racquetball Tournament after Steve Serot, when he defeated Charlie Brumfield 21-8, 21-17 in the finals of the NRC Long Beach Pro Am in October 1973. Keeley won the Canadian National Racquetball Singles Championship in November 1974 defeating Bud Muehleisen in the final. Keeley won his last Professional Racquetball Title in 1980 defeating Marty Hogan 21-5, 21-6 in the finals of the Voight Championship in Los Angeles. During his racquetball career, he defeated every US National Singles Champion from 1968–1982, and every professional champion of his era including ex-housemates Marty Hogan (Racquetball), Charlie Brumfield and Bud Muehleisen, as well as, Bill Schultz, Bill Schmidtke, Craig Finger, Davey Bledsoe and Mike Yellen. He became one of the game's foremost instructors and an author during the 1970s golden era with approximately 100 articles published in Ace, IRA Racquetball, National Racquetball and other trade magazines. In 2002, he refused induction into the USRA Hall of Fame. where incumbent inductees credited him with instructing their games. He was the 2003 racquetball historian and psychologist for the Legends pro tour, and the same year co-invented (with Scott Hirsch) Hybrid Racquetball using a racquetball with wood paddleball paddles. He wrote what many have called the Bible of the sport, Complete Book of Racquetball (1976, 200,000 sold), and opened racquetball doors in every state, Central and South America with hundreds of clinics and exhibitions, once beating Miss World runner-up with a Converse tennis shoe in a Sports Illustrated exhibition, and others with a seven-inch mini-racquet. Keeley was a stroke and strategy trendsetter, and the first apparel-sponsored pro, flaunting multicolored Converse Chucks tennis shoes. He was featured in Sports Illustrated and other publications as an unusual combination of athlete, intellectual, and 'flake.' Also a California B-division handball champion, Keeley is the only player to consistently beat handball legend Paul Haber in mano a racqueta exhibitions. He started a silent scholarship fund of personal prize money plus contributions to bring rising East Coast stars to train at the racquetball mecca, Gorham's Sports Center in San Diego, California. In 2007 he was awarded the prestigious NPA Earl Riskey Trophy for contributions to the sport. Inducted into the NPA Hall of Fame in 2014 Author and publisher Disenchanted toward the end of his career with a faster ball and oversized racquets, Keeley, in 1978, moved to an unheated garage on Lake Lansing, Michigan, in a one year's self-experiment including not blinking for 24-hours, sitting in a homemade sensory deprivation crate, a one-week water fast, reading books upside-down and mirror writing, sleep deprivation, bladder control, induced color blindness, riding a bike for 24-hours, and developing fluent ambidexterity. He created a small publishing company, Service Press Inc., in the garage foyer and self-published two books in one day, It's a Racquet! and The Kill and Rekill Gang. He has written eight books on sport, travel, and the maverick personality, including the 2011 Keeley's Kures of alternative treatments for common ailments from boxcars, veterinary medicine, and world healers, while carrying on an informal e-mail practice. American nomad In the 1980s, Keeley started traveling, leading to many exceptional experiences: He rode a boxcar from Jacksonville, Florida, to New York and borrowed a suit to dine with George Soros at the Four Seasons Restaurant. He railed on 360 freight trains as a "boxcar tourist" through the US, Canada and Mexico, and taught and wrote the textbook Hobo Training Manual for the first college sociology hobo class Hobo Life in America in 1985 at Lansing Community College. The graduating class traveled to Britt, Iowa, for the National Hobo Convention. During the late 1980s, "just for fun", he drove a Chevy van around the US with an invisible fish-line attached to a waving seven-foot stuffed rabbit riding next to him. Some additional exceptional experiences include: playing chess with U.S. open champion Art Bisguier playing pingpong with world champ Marty Reisman matching wits against three-time Jeopardy! winner Ira Brody chatting with Libertarian presidential candidate Harry Browne being visited by Entrepreneur of the Year 1989, Stan Mason swapping travel tales with Investment Biker Jim Rogers hoboing with financial author Doug Casey looking through a microscope with DNA discoverer James D. Watson living one year in the stairwell of speculator Victor Niederhoffer inventing Checkers Proverbs with world champ Tom Wiswell flying with Linuxcare pilot-founder Art Tyde being mentored under photographer Art Shay riding the rails with Hobo King Steam Train Maury Graham. In 1988 he guided a San Francisco Chronicle journalist to Mount Shasta for a story that won "Bay Area Best Sunday Feature". Later, a 2001 epic along the First Transcontinental Railroad with four executives ended on 9/11/2001. In 2005 he crossed Canada by rail with South African accountant Tom "Diesel" Dyson, and later that year the pair, disguised as Mexicans, rode atop freights with Central American immigrants through Mexico to the border, where the US Border Patrol apprehended them swimming the Rio Grande with expired Mexican visas. In the 1980s he was regularly in the National Hobo Association Los Angeles clubhouse and contributed to their Hobo Times newsletter. In 2010, Fort Worth Weekly Peter Gorman's "Renaissance on the Rails" profile won 1st place for the Association of Alternative Newsweeklies best feature of the year. Finance In the mid-1990s, Keeley turned to commodities where his financial Low-Life Indicators gathered around the world—such as cigarette butts being shorter in a down market—were seriously considered by Wall Street investors and the press. He espoused his analytical methods at global banking seminars and he rode boxcars to speak on hobo economics at the 1985 Aspen Eris Society and the 1995 New York Junto. A 1997 13-country tour to identify investment opportunities in emerging markets for speculator Victor Niederhoffer earned millions in Turkey, but in the Black Friday, October 27, 1997, mini-crash losses from buying Thai bank stocks that had fallen heavily in the Asian financial crisis combined with a 554-point single day decline of the Dow Index (the second largest decline to date in index history) forced the company to close its doors for a year, and The New Yorker took a swat at Keeley. World traveler Bo Keeley's unconventional life situation has resulted in numerous adventures, several noted in online publications online or in print: For example, Daily Speculations, International Man, Liberty (1987), The Coffee Coaster and Swans Magazine have documented many of his exploits such as: Journeying through the Mid-East during the Gulf War A knife attack in Caracas resulting in loss of thousands in venture capital A four-ft.-wide open mouth hippopotamus entering his Lake Turkana pup tent Being held captive at machete point by the Amazon Mayoruna Guiding twenty Brazilian evangelists with a penlight from a jungle bus crash Chasing rhinoceros horn smugglers after being deputized and armed with a pistol in Namibia Being robbed behind the Great Sphinx (and 99 other times around the world) Surviving abandonment in the Andes jacketless in winter Having 150 close encounters with rattlesnakes Petting the head of a Sri Lanka snake charmer's 12-ft. King Cobra American folk artist Linda Mears features seven of his exploits in Adventure Art (1996). One painting called 'African Safari' where Keeley suffering cerebral malaria was nearly mauled by a lion, is sold as a jigsaw puzzle. Iconic individualist Keeley earned a psychology technical degree in 1985 from Lansing Community College, followed by one year of volunteer work in six psychiatric wards and senior living facilities to study the developing mind. Keeley has been called 'one of the greatest individualists in America.' In 2007, he founded Executive Tour Services as a businessmen's Outward Bound on the American rails and hikes to Spanish missions in Baja California. "My life follows the vicissitudes of Buck the Dog in Jack London's Call of the Wild," he once explained, "From comfortable back yards across America, boxcars on every major railroad, 100+ countries under a backpack, hiking the lengths of Florida, Colorado, Vermont, California, Death Valley, and Baja, Mexico, to finally semi-retire and write my memoirs in a dessert burrow in California." (Long a devotee of grand storyteller Louis L'Amour, Keeley's hikes through the American West also led him to become an ardent fan of celebrated contemporary 'Western' writer Cathy Luchetti and her poignant, realistic portraits of pioneer life—such as Women of the West, Children of the West, Men of the West, and Home on the Range: A culinary history of the American West.) The burrow lies one mile east of the Chocolate Mountain Aerial Gunnery Range where a 2008 near-miss caved the entry that he shored with old mine timbers. Keeley was the resident advisor to neighbor Phil Garlington's book, Rancho Costa Nada: The Dirt Cheap Homestead. In 2007, he became the first California substitute teacher to be fired for trying to prevent a playground 'skirmish.' He left to ride the rails, and then became an itinerant expatriate writing from select exotic locations including Iquitos, Peru, San Felipe, Baja California, and Lake Toba, Sumatra. Books Bo Keeley has written the following books: Keeley, Steven, The Complete Book of Racquetball, DBI, 1976, Keeley, It's a Racquet, Service Press Inc., 1978, Keeley, Racquetball Lessons Made Easy, McDonald Pub., 1976 https://web.archive.org/web/20121109205933/https://picasaweb.google.com/bokeely/FotozLinkFcbk#5576430082379748962 Keeley and Shannon Wright, Women's Book of Racquetball, Contemporary Books, 1980, Keeley, Stroke Minder Racquetball Flip Book Series, Stroke Minder Pub.,1978 Keeley and Debbie Ravens, The Kill & Rekill Gang (Cartoon book), Service Press Inc. 1978 Keeley, Steven Bo, Hobo Training Manual, Burrow Books, 1986. Keeley, Steven Bo, Keeley's Kures, Free Man Publishing Co., 2011 (https://www.amazon.com/Keeleys-Kures-Alternative-world-champion-hobo-adventurer/dp/1461077737/) Keeley, Steven Bo, Executive Hobo: Riding the American Dream, Free Man Publishing Co., 2011 (https://www.amazon.com/Executive-Hobo-Riding-American-Dream/dp/1463676980/) Keeley, Steven, Charlie Brumfield: King of Racquetball, Service Press, 2013. Keeley, Steven, Women Racquetball pioneers, Service Press, 2013. Keeley, Bo, The Longest Walk Companion: With George Meagon, Service Press, 2013. Keeley, Steven Bo, Racquetball's Best: Pros Speak from the Box, Service Press, 2014. Keeley, Bo, Stories from Iquitos, Service Press, 2014. Keeley, Steven Bo, Greatest Photos Around the World, Service Press, 2014. Keeley, Steven Bo, Chess and Sport, Service Press, 2014. Keeley, Steven Bo, Book of Bo: Gems of My Life, Service Press, 2015. Keeley, Steven Bo, Book of Bo: More Gems of My Life, Service Press, 2015. Keeley, Steven Bo, James Hydrick in Photos, Service Press, 2015. Keeley, Bo, Hobo Moments: 30 Years in Pictures, Service Press, 2015. Keeley, Steven, Advanced Racquetball, Service Press, 2015. Keeley, Steven Bo, Bill Schultz: Ringmaster of Sport, Service Press, 2016. Keeley, Steven Bo, Elvis' Humor: Girls, Guns & Guitars, Service Press, 2016. Keeley, Steven Bo, Slab City: Tales from an Outlaw Town, Slab Press, 2017. Notes The following show some of the primary online publication sources for much of Dr. Keeley's literary output: Daily Speculations stories by Keeley http://www.dailyspeculations.com/wordpress/?cat=205 Swans Commentary articles by Keeley http://www.swans.com/main.shtml International Man posts by Keeley http://internationalman.com/corr-bokeely.php Coffee Coaster Guest Columns by Keeley http://www.brianrwright.com/Coffee_Coaster/06_Guest/2010/100526_Taxpayer_Keely.htm http://www.brianrwright.com/Coffee_Coaster/06_Guest/2011/110221_Bo_Kures_1.html 'Memoirs',100 early stories at Daily Speculations http://www.dailyspeculations.com/keeley/hobo_index.html Northbank Fred, 'Stories from Steve Keeley' http://northbankfred.com/stories.html Keeley, 'Stories' http://bokeelytours.com/ External links Adventure Art by Linda Mears http://bokeelytours.com/art/index.html Catman Chart http://internationalman.com/article-keely-20110312.php Short Bio http://bokeelytours.com/stories/bio.html Keeley Timeline http://www.dailyspeculations.com/keeley/keeley_timeline.htm Executive Tour Services http://www.bokeeleytours.com Catman Keeley http://www.catmankeeley.com/ The Amazing and Possibly True Adventures of Catman Keeley https://www.motherjones.com/media/2015/01/bo-keeley-corporate-hobo-adventures References Hoboes

<mask>, born in February 1949, is an American adventurer, naturalist, holistic healer, veterinarian, professional athlete, commodity market consultant, garage publisher, and executive tour guide, who in 2000 left civilization for a desert burrow in southern California, then, in 2009, became a world-traveling expatriate. Early life <mask> grew up in Idaho and Michigan, and graduated in 1972 with a DVM from Michigan State University (MSU). His father was an electrical and later nuclear engineer, and mother a Welcome Wagon activist as the family moved through fifteen cities in as many years to settle in Jackson, Michigan. <mask> won the Jackson Junior Chess Championship, and, at MSU, multiple intramural sports championships for Farmhouse fraternity to place them first in the all-fraternity competition for the first time in 100 years. After veterinary school he moved to California where a bureaucratic licensing issue caused him to seek a sports career in professional racquetball and paddleball, in which he gained national prominence. Athletic career <mask> was one of the top three racquetball players in the world from 1971 to 1976 and in the top ten until 1979, while winning seven NPA National Paddleball Titles. <mask> won the National Paddleball Singles Championship in 1971, 1973, 1974, 1976 and 1977.He captured the National Paddleball Doubles Championship in 1974 with Len Baldori and in 1976 with Andy Homa. <mask> was the second player in history to win a Professional Racquetball Tournament after Steve Serot, when he defeated Charlie Brumfield 21-8, 21-17 in the finals of the NRC Long Beach Pro Am in October 1973. <mask> won the Canadian National Racquetball Singles Championship in November 1974 defeating Bud Muehleisen in the final. <mask> won his last Professional Racquetball Title in 1980 defeating Marty Hogan 21-5, 21-6 in the finals of the Voight Championship in Los Angeles. During his racquetball career, he defeated every US National Singles Champion from 1968–1982, and every professional champion of his era including ex-housemates Marty Hogan (Racquetball), Charlie Brumfield and Bud Muehleisen, as well as, Bill Schultz, Bill Schmidtke, Craig Finger, Davey Bledsoe and Mike Yellen. He became one of the game's foremost instructors and an author during the 1970s golden era with approximately 100 articles published in Ace, IRA Racquetball, National Racquetball and other trade magazines. In 2002, he refused induction into the USRA Hall of Fame.where incumbent inductees credited him with instructing their games. He was the 2003 racquetball historian and psychologist for the Legends pro tour, and the same year co-invented (with Scott Hirsch) Hybrid Racquetball using a racquetball with wood paddleball paddles. He wrote what many have called the Bible of the sport, Complete Book of Racquetball (1976, 200,000 sold), and opened racquetball doors in every state, Central and South America with hundreds of clinics and exhibitions, once beating Miss World runner-up with a Converse tennis shoe in a Sports Illustrated exhibition, and others with a seven-inch mini-racquet. <mask> was a stroke and strategy trendsetter, and the first apparel-sponsored pro, flaunting multicolored Converse Chucks tennis shoes. He was featured in Sports Illustrated and other publications as an unusual combination of athlete, intellectual, and 'flake.' Also a California B-division handball champion, <mask> is the only player to consistently beat handball legend Paul Haber in mano a racqueta exhibitions. He started a silent scholarship fund of personal prize money plus contributions to bring rising East Coast stars to train at the racquetball mecca, Gorham's Sports Center in San Diego, California.In 2007 he was awarded the prestigious NPA Earl Riskey Trophy for contributions to the sport. Inducted into the NPA Hall of Fame in 2014 Author and publisher Disenchanted toward the end of his career with a faster ball and oversized racquets, <mask>, in 1978, moved to an unheated garage on Lake Lansing, Michigan, in a one year's self-experiment including not blinking for 24-hours, sitting in a homemade sensory deprivation crate, a one-week water fast, reading books upside-down and mirror writing, sleep deprivation, bladder control, induced color blindness, riding a bike for 24-hours, and developing fluent ambidexterity. He created a small publishing company, Service Press Inc., in the garage foyer and self-published two books in one day, It's a Racquet! and The Kill and Rekill Gang. He has written eight books on sport, travel, and the maverick personality, including the 2011 Keeley's Kures of alternative treatments for common ailments from boxcars, veterinary medicine, and world healers, while carrying on an informal e-mail practice. American nomad In the 1980s, <mask> started traveling, leading to many exceptional experiences: He rode a boxcar from Jacksonville, Florida, to New York and borrowed a suit to dine with George Soros at the Four Seasons Restaurant. He railed on 360 freight trains as a "boxcar tourist" through the US, Canada and Mexico, and taught and wrote the textbook Hobo Training Manual for the first college sociology hobo class Hobo Life in America in 1985 at Lansing Community College.The graduating class traveled to Britt, Iowa, for the National Hobo Convention. During the late 1980s, "just for fun", he drove a Chevy van around the US with an invisible fish-line attached to a waving seven-foot stuffed rabbit riding next to him. Some additional exceptional experiences include: playing chess with U.S. open champion Art Bisguier playing pingpong with world champ Marty Reisman matching wits against three-time Jeopardy! winner Ira Brody chatting with Libertarian presidential candidate Harry Browne being visited by Entrepreneur of the Year 1989, Stan Mason swapping travel tales with Investment Biker Jim Rogers hoboing with financial author Doug Casey looking through a microscope with DNA discoverer James D. Watson living one year in the stairwell of speculator Victor Niederhoffer inventing Checkers Proverbs with world champ Tom Wiswell flying with Linuxcare pilot-founder Art Tyde being mentored under photographer Art Shay riding the rails with Hobo King Steam Train Maury Graham. In 1988 he guided a San Francisco Chronicle journalist to Mount Shasta for a story that won "Bay Area Best Sunday Feature". Later, a 2001 epic along the First Transcontinental Railroad with four executives ended on 9/11/2001. In 2005 he crossed Canada by rail with South African accountant Tom "Diesel" Dyson, and later that year the pair, disguised as Mexicans, rode atop freights with Central American immigrants through Mexico to the border, where the US Border Patrol apprehended them swimming the Rio Grande with expired Mexican visas.In the 1980s he was regularly in the National Hobo Association Los Angeles clubhouse and contributed to their Hobo Times newsletter. In 2010, Fort Worth Weekly Peter Gorman's "Renaissance on the Rails" profile won 1st place for the Association of Alternative Newsweeklies best feature of the year. Finance In the mid-1990s, <mask> turned to commodities where his financial Low-Life Indicators gathered around the world—such as cigarette butts being shorter in a down market—were seriously considered by Wall Street investors and the press. He espoused his analytical methods at global banking seminars and he rode boxcars to speak on hobo economics at the 1985 Aspen Eris Society and the 1995 New York Junto. A 1997 13-country tour to identify investment opportunities in emerging markets for speculator Victor Niederhoffer earned millions in Turkey, but in the Black Friday, October 27, 1997, mini-crash losses from buying Thai bank stocks that had fallen heavily in the Asian financial crisis combined with a 554-point single day decline of the Dow Index (the second largest decline to date in index history) forced the company to close its doors for a year, and The New Yorker took a swat at Keeley. World traveler <mask>'s unconventional life situation has resulted in numerous adventures, several noted in online publications online or in print: For example, Daily Speculations, International Man, Liberty (1987), The Coffee Coaster and Swans Magazine have documented many of his exploits such as: Journeying through the Mid-East during the Gulf War A knife attack in Caracas resulting in loss of thousands in venture capital A four-ft.-wide open mouth hippopotamus entering his Lake Turkana pup tent Being held captive at machete point by the Amazon Mayoruna Guiding twenty Brazilian evangelists with a penlight from a jungle bus crash Chasing rhinoceros horn smugglers after being deputized and armed with a pistol in Namibia Being robbed behind the Great Sphinx (and 99 other times around the world) Surviving abandonment in the Andes jacketless in winter Having 150 close encounters with rattlesnakes Petting the head of a Sri Lanka snake charmer's 12-ft. King Cobra American folk artist Linda Mears features seven of his exploits in Adventure Art (1996). One painting called 'African Safari' where Keeley suffering cerebral malaria was nearly mauled by a lion, is sold as a jigsaw puzzle.Iconic individualist <mask> earned a psychology technical degree in 1985 from Lansing Community College, followed by one year of volunteer work in six psychiatric wards and senior living facilities to study the developing mind. <mask> has been called 'one of the greatest individualists in America.' In 2007, he founded Executive Tour Services as a businessmen's Outward Bound on the American rails and hikes to Spanish missions in Baja California. "My life follows the vicissitudes of Buck the Dog in Jack London's Call of the Wild," he once explained, "From comfortable back yards across America, boxcars on every major railroad, 100+ countries under a backpack, hiking the lengths of Florida, Colorado, Vermont, California, Death Valley, and Baja, Mexico, to finally semi-retire and write my memoirs in a dessert burrow in California." (Long a devotee of grand storyteller Louis L'Amour, <mask>'s hikes through the American West also led him to become an ardent fan of celebrated contemporary 'Western' writer Cathy Luchetti and her poignant, realistic portraits of pioneer life—such as Women of the West, Children of the West, Men of the West, and Home on the Range: A culinary history of the American West.) The burrow lies one mile east of the Chocolate Mountain Aerial Gunnery Range where a 2008 near-miss caved the entry that he shored with old mine timbers. <mask> was the resident advisor to neighbor Phil Garlington's book, Rancho Costa Nada: The Dirt Cheap Homestead.In 2007, he became the first California substitute teacher to be fired for trying to prevent a playground 'skirmish.' He left to ride the rails, and then became an itinerant expatriate writing from select exotic locations including Iquitos, Peru, San Felipe, Baja California, and Lake Toba, Sumatra. Books <mask> has written the following books: <mask>, <mask>, The Complete Book of Racquetball, DBI, 1976, Keeley, It's a Racquet, Service Press Inc., 1978, Keeley, Racquetball Lessons Made Easy, McDonald Pub., 1976 https://web.archive.org/web/20121109205933/https://picasaweb.google.com/bokeely/FotozLinkFcbk#5576430082379748962 <mask> and Shannon Wright, Women's Book of Racquetball, Contemporary Books, 1980, Keeley, Stroke Minder Racquetball Flip Book Series, Stroke Minder Pub.,1978 <mask> and Debbie Ravens, The Kill & Rekill Gang (Cartoon book), Service Press Inc. 1978 <mask>, <mask>, Hobo Training Manual, Burrow Books, 1986. Keeley, <mask>, Keeley's Kures, Free Man Publishing Co., 2011 (https://www.amazon.com/Keeleys-Kures-Alternative-world-champion-hobo-adventurer/dp/1461077737/) <mask>, <mask>, Executive Hobo: Riding the American Dream, Free Man Publishing Co., 2011 (https://www.amazon.com/Executive-Hobo-Riding-American-Dream/dp/1463676980/) Keeley, Steven, Charlie Brumfield: King of Racquetball, Service Press, 2013. Keeley, Steven, Women Racquetball pioneers, Service Press, 2013. Keeley, Bo, The Longest Walk Companion: With George Meagon, Service Press, 2013. Keeley, Steven Bo, Racquetball's Best: Pros Speak from the Box, Service Press, 2014.<mask>, Bo, Stories from Iquitos, Service Press, 2014. <mask>, <mask>, Greatest Photos Around the World, Service Press, 2014. <mask>, <mask>, Chess and Sport, Service Press, 2014. <mask>, <mask>, Book of Bo: Gems of My Life, Service Press, 2015. <mask>, <mask>, Book of Bo: More Gems of My Life, Service Press, 2015. <mask>, <mask>, James Hydrick in Photos, Service Press, 2015. <mask>, Bo, Hobo Moments: 30 Years in Pictures, Service Press, 2015.<mask>, <mask>, Advanced Racquetball, Service Press, 2015. <mask>, <mask>, Bill Schultz: Ringmaster of Sport, Service Press, 2016. <mask>, <mask>, Elvis' Humor: Girls, Guns & Guitars, Service Press, 2016. <mask>, <mask>, Slab City: Tales from an Outlaw Town, Slab Press, 2017.

<mask> left civilization for a desert burrow in southern California in 2000 and went on to become a world-traveling adventurer. He graduated from Michigan State University with a DVM in 1972 after growing up in Idaho and Michigan. His father was an electrical and later nuclear engineer, and his mother was a Welcome Wagon activist, as the family moved through fifteen cities in as many years to settle in Jackson, Michigan. For the first time in 100 years, Farmhouse Fraternity placed first in the all-fraternity competition when <mask> won the Jackson Junior Chess Championship. He gained national prominence in racquetball and paddleball after moving to California where a bureaucratic licensing issue caused him to seek a sports career in professional racquetball and paddleball. He was one of the top racquetball players in the world from 1971 to 1976 and in the top ten until 1979 and he won seven NPA National Paddleball Titles. The National Paddleball Singles Championship was won by <mask> four times.He and Andy Homa won the National Paddleball Doubles Championship in 1976. Steve Serot was the second player in history to win a professional racquetball tournament after he defeated Charlie Brumfield in the finals of the NRC Long Beach Pro Am in 1973. The Canadian National Racquetball Singles Championship was won by <mask> in 1974. In the finals of the Voight Championship in Los Angeles, <mask> defeated Marty Hogan 21-5 and then went on to win the Professional Racquetball Title. During his racquetball career, he defeated every US National Singles Champion from 1968–1982, as well as every professional champion of his era, including ex-housemates Marty Hogan and Bud Muehleisen. He was an author and one of the game's foremost instructors during the 1970s golden era. He didn't want to be in the USRA Hall of Fame.He was credited with instructing their games. He co-invented the hybrid racquetball with wood paddleball paddles in 2003 and was the racquetball historian and psychologist at the time. He opened racquetball doors in every state, Central and South America, as well as hundreds of clinics and exhibitions, after writing the Complete Book of Racquetball, which many have called the bible of the sport. The first apparel-sponsored pro was <mask>, who wore multicolored Converse Chucks tennis shoes. He was featured in a number of publications as a combination of athlete, intellectual, and 'flake'. In mano a racqueta exhibitions, <mask> is the only player to consistently beat Paul Haber. He started a silent scholarship fund of personal prize money and contributions to bring rising East Coast stars to train at the racquetball mecca, Gorham's Sports Center in San Diego, California.He received the NPA Earl Riskey Trophy for his contributions to the sport. The author and publisher Disenchanted toward the end of his career with a faster ball and oversized racquets, moved to an unheated garage on Lake Lansing, Michigan, in 1978, in a one year's self-experiment. He created a small publishing company, Service Press Inc., in the garage and self-published two books in one day. The Kill and Rekill Gang. He has written eight books on sport, travel, and the maverick personality, including the 2011 Keeley's Kures of alternative treatments for common ailments from boxcars, veterinary medicine, and world healers, while carrying on an informal e-mail practice. He rode a boxcar from Jacksonville, Florida, to New York and borrowed a suit to dine with George Soros at the Four Seasons restaurant. He taught the first college sociology hobo class Hobo Life in America in 1985 and wrote the textbook Hobo Training Manual, which he railed on as a "boxcar tourist" through the US, Canada and Mexico.The graduating class went to the National Hobo Convention. He drove a Chevy van around the US with an invisible fish-line attached to a waving seven-foot stuffed rabbit. The experiences include: playing chess with the U.S. open champion, playing pingpong with the world champ, and matching wits against three-time champ. Stan Mason was chatting with Investment Biker Jim Rogers while Jim was hoboing with financial author Doug Casey and James D. Watson was living in the stairwell of a speculator. In 1988 he guided a San Francisco Chronicle journalist to Mount Shasta for a story. The First Transcontinental Railroad epic with four executives ended on 9/11/2001. In 2005 he crossed Canada by rail with South African accountant Tom "Diesel" Dyson, and later that year they rode atop freights with Central American immigrants through Mexico to the border, where the US Border Patrol caught them swimming the Rio Grande with expired Mexican visas.He contributed to the Hobo Times newsletter when he was a member of the National Hobo Association Los Angeles. Fort Worth Weekly's "Renaissance on the Rails" profile won 1st place in the Association of Alternative Newsweeklies best feature of the year. The financial Low-Life Indicators gathered around the world in the mid 1990s were seriously considered by Wall Street investors and the press. He spoke about his methods at global banking seminars and rode boxcars to speak about hobo economics at the New York Junto. A 1997 13-country tour to identify investment opportunities in emerging markets for speculator Victor Niederhoffer earned him millions in Turkey, but in the Black Friday of October 27, 1997, he lost money buying Thai bank stocks that had fallen heavily in the Asian financial crisis. <mask>'s unconventional life situation has resulted in numerous adventures, several noted in online publications online or in print: For example, Daily Speculations, International Man, Liberty, and The Coffee Coaster have documented many of his exploits. A painting about a person who was nearly mauled by a lion is sold as a jigsaw puzzle.A year of volunteer work in six psychiatric wards and senior living facilities followed by a psychology technical degree from Lansing Community College was earned by renowned individualist <mask>. One of the greatest individualists in America is <mask>. In 2007, he founded Executive Tour Services as a businessmen's Outward Bound on the American rails and hikes to Spanish missions in Baja California. He once said, "My life follows the vicissitudes of Buck the Dog in Jack London's Call of the Wild, from comfortable back yards across America, boxcars on every major railroad, 100+ countries under a backpack, hiking the lengths of Florida, Colorado, Vermont, As a fan of grand storytellers, including Louis L'Amour, and as an ardent fan of contemporary Western writer,Cathy Luchetti, his hikes through the American West led him to become an ardent fan of her. The entry to the burrow was shored with old mine timbers after a 2008 near-miss. Phil Garlington wrote a book called Rancho Costa Nada: The Dirt Cheap Homestead.He was the first substitute teacher in California to be fired for trying to prevent a playground skirmish. He became an expatriate writer from a number of exotic locations, including Iquitos, San Felipe, Baja California, and Lake Toba, Sumatra. The Complete Book of Racquetball is one of the books <mask> has written. <mask> is the author of "Keeleys-Kures-Alternative-world-champion-hobo-adventurer". Women Racquetball pioneers, Service Press. Bo is The Longest Walk Companion: With George Meagon. Racquetball's Best: Pros Speak from the Box was written by <mask>.Service Press published stories from Iquitos. Greatest Photos Around the World is a book by <mask>. Chess and Sport, Service Press, was written by <mask>. Book of Bo: Gems of My Life was published in 2015. Book of Bo: More Gems of My Life was published in 2015. James Hydrick and <mask> are in photos. Bo, Hobo moments: 30 Years in Pictures, Service Press, 2015.Advanced Racquetball, Service Press, 2015. Bill Schultz: Ringmaster of Sport, Service Press, was written by <mask>. Elvis' Humor: Girls, Guns & Guitars was published in 2016 by Service Press. <mask> was the author of Slab City: Tales from an Outlaw Town.

2161398

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice%20Hope

Maurice Hope

Maurice Hope (born 6 December 1951) is an Antiguan-born English former boxer, who was world Jr. Middleweight champion. Hope lived in Hackney most of his life, but now lives in his place of birth, Antigua, and moved back to and lives in Hackney Hackney again, since 2010/2011. He represented Great Britain at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. Biography Maurice Hope was born in St. John's, Antigua, and moved at a very young age to the UK, where boxing is a popular sport. Hope's aptitude towards boxing was evident early in childhood; he began to train as a very young boy. After being a star amateur fighter, Hope made his professional debut on 18 June 1973, defeating John Smith by decision in eight rounds at Nottingham. On Hope's second fight, held on 25 September of that year, he scored his first knockout win, a victory in three rounds over Len Gibbs in Shoreditch. Hope won his first four professional fights. On 21 November, he suffered his first defeat, being beaten by Mickey Flynn over eight rounds by decision. After that loss, Hope went on to win five fights in a row, four by knockout, before winning his first regional belt, when he beat Larry Paul, 5 November 1974, by a knockout in round eight of a fifteen-round bout, at Wolverhampton, to win the British Jr. Middleweight title. Hope then won three more fights, including one (a fourth-round knockout of Don Cobbs on 11 February 1975 at Royal Albert Hall) which was refereed by legendary referee Harry Gibs, who also oversaw the refereeing of the Wilfredo Gómez-Carlos Zarate bout, among many other famous fights. After these three wins, Hope went up in weight to fight for the vacant British Middleweight title, vacated by Kevin Finnegan, who, in turn, lost four times to Alan Minter. On 10 June, Hope was defeated by knockout for the first time, losing to Bunny Sterling in the eighth round for that regional title. Hope's career took on an upwards movement after the loss to Sterling. He followed that loss with a knockout in a rematch against Larry Paul on 30 September at London's Empire Pool. This was the beginning of a four knockout win streak that took him to fight Tony Poole, 12 April 1976, for the vacant British Commonwealth Jr. Middleweight title. He won the regional belt by knocking out Poole in the twelfth round, and, after one more win, he met future world Middleweight champion Vito Antuofermo, on 10 October, at Rome, Italy, for the European Boxing Union's Jr. Middleweight title. Hope conquered his third regional title by knocking out Antuofermo (who would later last the full fifteen rounds in a fight with Marvin Hagler), in the fifteenth and last round. This bout was Hope's first fight abroad. Having won three regional titles, Hope was ranked among the top Jr. Middleweight challengers by the WBC, and so, he obtained his first world title try, on 15 March 1977, against the WBC's world champion, Eckhard Dagge, in Berlin, Germany. After fifteen rounds, the fight was declared a draw (tie). Hope regrouped with six wins in a row, before getting his second world title try. On 4 March 1979, he faced the then WBC world champion Rocky Mattioli in Sanremo, Italy. Hope became a world champion by knocking Mattioli out in the ninth round. On 25 September, he defended the WBC's world title for the first time, knocking out Mike Baker in the seventh round, at London. His second defence, on 12 June 1980, was a rematch with Mattioli. This time, they fought in London, and Hope repeated his previous win, but with an eleventh round technical knockout instead. On 26 November, he defended his crown against well known Venezuelan contender Carlos Herrera in London, winning by a fifteen-round decision. Hope went to Las Vegas, for his next defence, which also turned out to be his first, and, ultimately, last fight in the United States. He planned to marry his girlfriend while in Las Vegas. On 23 May 1981, at the Caesars Palace, Hope lost the world Jr. Middleweight title to Wilfred Benítez, suffering a twelfth-round knockout that later made television sports show highlights. While Benitez became the first Latin American to win world titles in three different divisions, the youngest boxer in history to do so, and the first in 40 years to achieve the accomplishment, Hope had to be hospitalised, but he recuperated and was able to marry his girlfriend before returning to England. After one more defeat, to Luigi Minchillo, Hope permanently retired from boxing. Throughout his career Hope was managed by his mentor Terry Lawless, whose stable of top-quality boxers also included John H Stracey, Jim Watt, Charlie Magri and Frank Bruno. Their PR was handled by Norman Giller who, like all the boxers apart from Scottish hero Watt, was based in East London. They all trained in the famous East End fight academy run by Lawless at the Royal Oak in Canning Town. Most of their major fights were under the umbrella of leading London promotion team of Harry Levene, Mike Barrett and Mickey Duff. Hope continued in the public eye in England, doing various jobs, and he has enjoyed his earnings as a boxer. Furthermore, with Benitez suffering from diabetes and boxing-related conditions, he has become a frequent visitor to Puerto Rico, where he and Benitez sometimes spend days talking about their old days as boxers. Hope now lives in Antigua after being given land by the government to mark his achievements in the ring. Hope has been an outstanding ambassador for Antigua and is happily involved in the island's tourist industry. Hope had a record of 30 wins, 4 losses and 1 draw in 35 bouts, with 24 wins by knockout. In recognition of Hope's achievements while a resident, the London Borough of Hackney named a major cycle route after him. Professional boxing record See also List of WBC world champions References External links 1951 births Living people People from St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda emigrants to England English male boxers Boxers at the 1972 Summer Olympics Olympic boxers of Great Britain World boxing champions People from Hackney Central Boxers from Greater London Welterweight boxers

<mask> (born 6 December 1951) is an Antiguan-born English former boxer, who was world Jr. Middleweight champion. <mask> lived in Hackney most of his life, but now lives in his place of birth, Antigua, and moved back to and lives in Hackney Hackney again, since 2010/2011. He represented Great Britain at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany. Biography <mask> was born in St. John's, Antigua, and moved at a very young age to the UK, where boxing is a popular sport. <mask>'s aptitude towards boxing was evident early in childhood; he began to train as a very young boy. After being a star amateur fighter, <mask> made his professional debut on 18 June 1973, defeating John Smith by decision in eight rounds at Nottingham. On <mask>'s second fight, held on 25 September of that year, he scored his first knockout win, a victory in three rounds over Len Gibbs in Shoreditch.<mask> won his first four professional fights. On 21 November, he suffered his first defeat, being beaten by Mickey Flynn over eight rounds by decision. After that loss, <mask> went on to win five fights in a row, four by knockout, before winning his first regional belt, when he beat Larry Paul, 5 November 1974, by a knockout in round eight of a fifteen-round bout, at Wolverhampton, to win the British Jr. Middleweight title. <mask> then won three more fights, including one (a fourth-round knockout of Don Cobbs on 11 February 1975 at Royal Albert Hall) which was refereed by legendary referee Harry Gibs, who also oversaw the refereeing of the Wilfredo Gómez-Carlos Zarate bout, among many other famous fights. After these three wins, <mask> went up in weight to fight for the vacant British Middleweight title, vacated by Kevin Finnegan, who, in turn, lost four times to Alan Minter. On 10 June, <mask> was defeated by knockout for the first time, losing to Bunny Sterling in the eighth round for that regional title. <mask>'s career took on an upwards movement after the loss to Sterling.He followed that loss with a knockout in a rematch against Larry Paul on 30 September at London's Empire Pool. This was the beginning of a four knockout win streak that took him to fight Tony Poole, 12 April 1976, for the vacant British Commonwealth Jr. Middleweight title. He won the regional belt by knocking out Poole in the twelfth round, and, after one more win, he met future world Middleweight champion Vito Antuofermo, on 10 October, at Rome, Italy, for the European Boxing Union's Jr. Middleweight title. <mask> conquered his third regional title by knocking out Antuofermo (who would later last the full fifteen rounds in a fight with Marvin Hagler), in the fifteenth and last round. This bout was <mask>'s first fight abroad. Having won three regional titles, <mask> was ranked among the top Jr. Middleweight challengers by the WBC, and so, he obtained his first world title try, on 15 March 1977, against the WBC's world champion, Eckhard Dagge, in Berlin, Germany. After fifteen rounds, the fight was declared a draw (tie).<mask> regrouped with six wins in a row, before getting his second world title try. On 4 March 1979, he faced the then WBC world champion Rocky Mattioli in Sanremo, Italy. <mask> became a world champion by knocking Mattioli out in the ninth round. On 25 September, he defended the WBC's world title for the first time, knocking out Mike Baker in the seventh round, at London. His second defence, on 12 June 1980, was a rematch with Mattioli. This time, they fought in London, and <mask> repeated his previous win, but with an eleventh round technical knockout instead. On 26 November, he defended his crown against well known Venezuelan contender Carlos Herrera in London, winning by a fifteen-round decision.<mask> went to Las Vegas, for his next defence, which also turned out to be his first, and, ultimately, last fight in the United States. He planned to marry his girlfriend while in Las Vegas. On 23 May 1981, at the Caesars Palace, <mask> lost the world Jr. Middleweight title to Wilfred Benítez, suffering a twelfth-round knockout that later made television sports show highlights. While Benitez became the first Latin American to win world titles in three different divisions, the youngest boxer in history to do so, and the first in 40 years to achieve the accomplishment, <mask> had to be hospitalised, but he recuperated and was able to marry his girlfriend before returning to England. After one more defeat, to Luigi Minchillo, <mask> permanently retired from boxing. Throughout his career <mask> was managed by his mentor Terry Lawless, whose stable of top-quality boxers also included John H Stracey, Jim Watt, Charlie Magri and Frank Bruno. Their PR was handled by Norman Giller who, like all the boxers apart from Scottish hero Watt, was based in East London.They all trained in the famous East End fight academy run by Lawless at the Royal Oak in Canning Town. Most of their major fights were under the umbrella of leading London promotion team of Harry Levene, Mike Barrett and Mickey Duff. <mask> continued in the public eye in England, doing various jobs, and he has enjoyed his earnings as a boxer. Furthermore, with Benitez suffering from diabetes and boxing-related conditions, he has become a frequent visitor to Puerto Rico, where he and Benitez sometimes spend days talking about their old days as boxers. <mask> now lives in Antigua after being given land by the government to mark his achievements in the ring. <mask> has been an outstanding ambassador for Antigua and is happily involved in the island's tourist industry. <mask> had a record of 30 wins, 4 losses and 1 draw in 35 bouts, with 24 wins by knockout.In recognition of <mask>'s achievements while a resident, the London Borough of Hackney named a major cycle route after him. Professional boxing record See also List of WBC world champions References External links 1951 births Living people People from St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda emigrants to England English male boxers Boxers at the 1972 Summer Olympics Olympic boxers of Great Britain World boxing champions People from Hackney Central Boxers from Greater London Welterweight boxers

<mask> was an English boxer who was a world Jr. Middleweight champion. Since 2010/2011, <mask> has been living in Antigua, where he was born, but he still lives in Hackney. He was a member of the Great Britain team at the 1972 Summer Olympics. <mask> was born in Antigua and moved to the UK at a young age. As a young boy, <mask> began to train for boxing. <mask> made his professional debut in June of 1973, defeating John Smith in eight rounds. On <mask>'s second fight, held on 25 September of that year, he scored his first knockout win, a victory in three rounds.<mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 He was beaten by Mickey Flynn over eight rounds. After that loss, <mask> went on to win five fights in a row, four by knockout, before winning his first regional belt, when he beat Larry Paul, 5 November 1974, by a knockout in round eight of a fifteen-round bout. <mask> won three more fights, including a fourth-round knockout of Don Cobbs on 11 February 1975 at Royal Albert Hall, which was refereed by legendary referee Harry Gibs, who also oversaw the refereeing of the Wilfredo Gmez-Carlos Zarate bout. Hope went up in weight to fight for the British Middleweight title after losing four times to Alan Minter. Hope was defeated by knockout for the first time in her career in the eighth round of the regional title match. After the loss to sterling, Hope's career took off.He knocked out Larry Paul in the second round at London's Empire Pool. This was the beginning of a four knockout win streak that took him to fight Tony Poole for the British Commonwealth Jr. Middleweight title. After winning the regional belt, he fought for the European Boxing Union's Jr. Middleweight title on 10 October at Rome, Italy. <mask> won his third regional title when he knocked out his opponent in the fifteenth and last round. <mask>'s first fight was abroad. After winning three regional titles, <mask> was ranked among the top Jr. Middleweight challengers by the WBC, and so, he obtained his first world title try, on 15 March 1977, against the WBC's world champion, Eckhard Dagge, in Berlin, Germany. The 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217<mask> got his second world title try after winning six in a row. He faced the world champion in Sanremo, Italy, on March 4, 1979. <mask> knocked Mattioli out in the ninth round to become a world champion. He knocked out Mike Baker in the seventh round at London to defend his world title. His second defence was against Mattioli. They fought in London, and <mask> was able to repeat his previous win with an eleventh round technical knockout. He defended his title against Carlos Herrera in London, winning by a fifteen-round decision.He went to Las Vegas for his next defence, which was his first fight in the United States. He was going to marry his girlfriend in Las Vegas. <mask> lost the world Jr. Middleweight title to Wilfred Bentez on 23 May 1981 at the Caesars Palace. The first Latin American to win world titles in three different divisions, the youngest boxer in history to do so, and the first in 40 years to achieve the accomplishment, <mask> had to be hospitalized, but he recuperated and was able to marry his girlfriend before returning to England. <mask> retired from boxing after one more defeat. Terry Lawless, <mask>'s mentor, had a stable of top-quality boxers that included John H Stracey, Jim Watt, Charlie Magri and Frank Bruno. Their PR was handled by a man named Norman Giller who was based in East London.Lawless ran the East End fight academy at the Royal Oak. Their major fights were under the umbrella of the London promotion team of Harry, Mike, and Mickey Duff. He has enjoyed his earnings as a boxer, despite doing various jobs in England. He has become a frequent visitor to Puerto Rico, where he and Benitez spend a lot of time reminiscing about their days as boxers. <mask> was given land by the government to mark his achievements in the ring. <mask> is an ambassador for Antigua and is involved in the island's tourist industry. <mask> had a record of 30 wins, 4 losses and 1 draw in 35 bouts, with 24 wins by knockout.A major cycle route was named after <mask> in recognition of his achievements. People from St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda and Antigua and Barbuda emigrants to England were Boxers at the 1972 Summer Olympics.

36841378

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaly%20Minakov

Vitaly Minakov

Vitaly Viktorovich Minakov (; born February 6, 1985, Bryansk) is a Russian mixed martial artist, sambist and judoka currently competing in the heavyweight division of Bellator MMA, where he is the former Bellator MMA Heavyweight World Champion. A professional competitor since 2010, he has also competed for M-1 Global and Fight Nights Global. 2012 Olympics Because Vitaly is a numerous Sambo World Champion and a Junior Russian National Champion in Judo, he considered competing at the 2012 Olympics in London. It is unknown why he didn't make the team. Mixed martial arts career MMA career Minakov made his professional MMA debut in November 2010. He is a Sambo World Champion, (2008–2011). Minakov defeated UFC and Bellator veteran Eddie Sanchez on June 7, 2012 at Fight Nights - Battle of Moscow 7. He won via KO in the first round. Minakov defeated Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu World Champion and UFC veteran Fabiano Scherner on September 17, 2012 at Fight Nights - Battle of Desne. He won via KO in the first round. Bellator MMA In June 2012, Minakov was signed in Bellator. He made his debut the following fall at Bellator 79 on November 2, 2012. He defeated a Moldavian National Champion & Judo Black Belt Vladimir Starcencov via TKO in the second round to win his Bellator and North American debut. Minakov faced Ron Sparks on June 19, 2013 in the Bellator Heavyweight Tournament Semifinal. He won in the first round by technical knockout. Minakov faced Ryan Martinez at Bellator 97 in the finals on July 31, 2013. He got the TKO victory via punches in the third round, after he took Martinez down and secured full mount. Minakov faced and defeated Alexander Volkov on November 15, 2013 at Bellator 108 to win the Bellator Heavyweight Championship. Minakov faced Bellator Season 9 Heavyweight Tournament winner Cheick Kongo at Bellator 115 on April 4, 2014. He won via unanimous decision to retain the Bellator Heavyweight Championship. Minakov was stripped of his Bellator MMA title on May 14, 2016 due to inactivity. Post-Bellator After leaving Bellator MMA, Minakov returned to fight in his native Russia, under Fight Nights Global promotion. He fought seven times since July 2015 and won all seven of his bouts by finishes. Return to Bellator On August 23, 2018 it was revealed that Minakov and his management team had reconciled with Bellator and reached an agreement for a new contract. The new contract was for 6 bouts at $300,000 per fight, with his win bonuses applied on top of that fee. On January 16, 2019, RusFighters LLC, Minakov's agent and manager, filed a lawsuit in the Orange County Superior Court against Minakov and Ali Abdelaziz, claiming Minakov breached the agreement with RusFighters when he used Abdelaziz to sign the new contract with Bellator. On February 28, 2020, the courts agreed that RusFighters LLC is owed 20% of any gross performance compensation of any bout during the term of his 6 bout Bellator contract. In his return, Minakov faced Cheick Kongo in a rematch at Bellator 216 on February 16, 2019. He lost the fight via unanimous decision, marking his first professional loss in MMA. Minakov was to face Javy Ayala at Bellator 225 on August 24, 2019. However, on the day of the fight, it was announced that Ayala was pulled from the bout due to undisclosed medical reasons. Minakov instead faced Tim Johnson. Minakov won the bout via first round knockout. Minakov was re-scheduled to meet Ayala at Bellator 232 on October 26, 2019. However, Minakov was unable to obtain visa for the bout, leading to Ayala being pulled from the card also. Minakov was scheduled to face Tyrell Fortune on October 23, 2021 at Bellator 269. However in August, it was announced that Fortune pulled out due to unknown reasons and was replaced by Said Sowma. He lost the bout after it was stopped due to a broken finger. Championships and accomplishments Martial arts Bellator MMA Bellator Heavyweight World Championship (One time) One Successful Title Defense. Bellator 2013 Summer Series Heavyweight Tournament Championship. Tied (with Tyrell Fortune) for most knockout victories in Bellator Heavyweight division (five) Fight Nights Global Undefeated in Fight Nights (9-0) Global-MMA Global-MMA Fighter of the Year 2013. Sambo Fédération Internationale de Sambo (FIAS) Sambo World Champion (4 time) Russian National Champion (4 time) Russian Presidential Cup Sambo Champion (3 time - 2008, 2009, 2010) Judo Russian Judo Federation 2006 Russian U23 Championships: 1st place 2005 Russian U23 Championships: 3rd place 2004 Russian U20 Championships: 2nd place Mixed martial arts record |- | Loss | align=center|22–2 |Said Sowma |TKO (finger injury) |Bellator 269 | |align=center|3 |align=center|3:08 |Moscow, Russia | |- |Win |align=center|22–1 |Timothy Johnson |KO (punches) |Bellator 225 | |align=center|1 |align=center|1:45 |Bridgeport, Connecticut, United States | |- | Loss | align=center|21–1 | Cheick Kongo | Decision (unanimous) | Bellator 216 | | align=center|3 | align=center|5:00 | Uncasville, Connecticut, United States | |- | Win | align=center| 21–0 | Tony Johnson | TKO (punches) | Fight Nights Global 82: Minakov vs. Johnson | | align=center|2 | align=center|0:38 | Moscow, Moscow Oblast, Russia | |- | Win | align=center| 20–0 | Antônio Silva | KO (punches) | Fight Nights Global 68: Pavlovich vs. Mokhnatkin | | align=center|2 | align=center|1:37 | St. Petersburg, Leningrad oblast, Russia | |- |Win | align=center| 19–0 | DJ Linderman | KO (punches) | Fight Nights Global 59: Minakov vs. Linderman | |align=center| 3 |align=center| 3:09 | Khimki, Moscow Oblast, Russia | |- | Win | align=center| 18–0 | Peter Graham | Submission (armbar) | Fight Nights Global 50: Fedor vs. Maldonado | | align=center| 1 | align=center|1:01 | St. Petersburg, Leningrad oblast, Russia | |- | Win | align=center| 17–0 | Josh Copeland | Submission (kimura) | Fight Nights: Battle of Moscow 20 | | align=center| 2 | align=center| 2:50 | Moscow, Moscow oblast, Russia | |- | Win | align=center| 16–0 | Geronimo dos Santos | Submission (armbar) | Fight Nights Global: Dagestan | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 3:14 | Kaspiysk, Dagestan, Russia | |- | Win | align=center| 15–0 | Adam Maciejewski | TKO (punches) | Fight Nights Global: Sochi | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 0:20 | Sochi, Krasnodar krai, Russia | |- | Win | align=center| 14–0 | Cheick Kongo | Decision (unanimous) | Bellator 115 | | align=center| 5 | align=center| 5:00 | Reno, Nevada, United States | |- | Win | align=center| 13–0 | Alexander Volkov | TKO (punches) | Bellator 108 | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 2:57 | Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States | |- | Win | align=center| 12–0 | Ryan Martinez | TKO (punches) | Bellator 97 | | align=center| 3 | align=center| 4:02 | Rio Rancho, New Mexico, United States | |- | Win | align=center| 11–0 | Ron Sparks | KO (punches) | Bellator 96 | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 0:32 | Thackerville, Oklahoma, United States | |- | Win | align=center| 10–0 | Vladimir Starcencov | TKO (punches) | Bellator 79 | | align=center| 2 | align=center| 0:27 | Rama, Ontario, Canada | |- | Win | align=center| 9–0 | Fabiano Scherner | TKO (punches) | Fight Nights: Battle of Desne | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 3:51 | Bryansk, Bryansk Oblast, Russia | |- | Win | align=center| 8–0 | Eddie Sanchez | KO (punch) | Fight Nights: Battle of Moscow 7 | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 1:59 | Moscow, Moscow Oblast, Russia | |- | Win | align=center| 7–0 | Karol Celinski | TKO (corner stoppage) | Faxe Forward Challenge 2: Russia vs. Latvia | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 0:55 | Riga, Vidzeme, Latvia | |- | Win | align=center| 6–0 | Ivan Frolov | Submission (guillotine choke) | AntMMA: Ultimate Fighting of Bryansk | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 0:45 | Bryansk, Bryansk Oblast, Russia | |- | Win | align=center| 5–0 | Juan Espino | TKO (punches) | League S-70: Sambo 70 vs. Spain | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 0:09 | Moscow, Russia | |- | Win | align=center| 4–0 | Valery Scherbakov | Submission (armbar) | M-1 Challenge 22: Narkun vs. Vasilevsky | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 1:05 | Moscow, Moscow Oblast, Russia | |- | Win | align=center| 3–0 | Vitalii Yalovenko | Decision (unanimous) | M-1 Selection 2010: Eastern Europe Finals | | align=center| 3 | align=center| 5:00 | Moscow, Moscow Oblast, Russia | |- | Win | align=center| 2–0 | Alexander Zubachov | Submission (rear-naked choke) | Sambo-70/M-1 Global: Sochi Open European Championships | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 0:27 | Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia | |- | Win | align=center| 1–0 | Ruslan Kabdulin | Submission (armbar) | M-1 Selection 2010: Eastern Europe Round 2 | | align=center| 1 | align=center| 4:19 | Kiev, Kiev Oblast, Ukraine | See also List of Bellator MMA alumni List of male mixed martial artists References External links Living people 1985 births Heavyweight mixed martial artists Russian sambo practitioners Russian male sport wrestlers Russian male judoka Sportspeople from Bryansk Russian expatriates in the United States Russian male mixed martial artists Bellator MMA champions Bellator male fighters Mixed martial artists utilizing sambo Mixed martial artists utilizing freestyle wrestling Mixed martial artists utilizing judo

<mask> (; born February 6, 1985, Bryansk) is a Russian mixed martial artist, sambist and judoka currently competing in the heavyweight division of Bellator MMA, where he is the former Bellator MMA Heavyweight World Champion. A professional competitor since 2010, he has also competed for M-1 Global and Fight Nights Global. 2012 Olympics Because <mask> is a numerous Sambo World Champion and a Junior Russian National Champion in Judo, he considered competing at the 2012 Olympics in London. It is unknown why he didn't make the team. Mixed martial arts career MMA career <mask> made his professional MMA debut in November 2010. He is a Sambo World Champion, (2008–2011). Minakov defeated UFC and Bellator veteran Eddie Sanchez on June 7, 2012 at Fight Nights - Battle of Moscow 7.He won via KO in the first round. <mask> defeated Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu World Champion and UFC veteran Fabiano Scherner on September 17, 2012 at Fight Nights - Battle of Desne. He won via KO in the first round. Bellator MMA In June 2012, <mask> was signed in Bellator. He made his debut the following fall at Bellator 79 on November 2, 2012. He defeated a Moldavian National Champion & Judo Black Belt Vladimir Starcencov via TKO in the second round to win his Bellator and North American debut. <mask> faced Ron Sparks on June 19, 2013 in the Bellator Heavyweight Tournament Semifinal.He won in the first round by technical knockout. <mask> faced Ryan Martinez at Bellator 97 in the finals on July 31, 2013. He got the TKO victory via punches in the third round, after he took Martinez down and secured full mount. <mask> faced and defeated Alexander Volkov on November 15, 2013 at Bellator 108 to win the Bellator Heavyweight Championship. <mask> faced Bellator Season 9 Heavyweight Tournament winner Cheick Kongo at Bellator 115 on April 4, 2014. He won via unanimous decision to retain the Bellator Heavyweight Championship. <mask> was stripped of his Bellator MMA title on May 14, 2016 due to inactivity.Post-Bellator After leaving Bellator MMA, <mask> returned to fight in his native Russia, under Fight Nights Global promotion. He fought seven times since July 2015 and won all seven of his bouts by finishes. Return to Bellator On August 23, 2018 it was revealed that <mask> and his management team had reconciled with Bellator and reached an agreement for a new contract. The new contract was for 6 bouts at $300,000 per fight, with his win bonuses applied on top of that fee. On January 16, 2019, RusFighters LLC, Minakov's agent and manager, filed a lawsuit in the Orange County Superior Court against <mask> and Ali Abdelaziz, claiming Minakov breached the agreement with RusFighters when he used Abdelaziz to sign the new contract with Bellator. On February 28, 2020, the courts agreed that RusFighters LLC is owed 20% of any gross performance compensation of any bout during the term of his 6 bout Bellator contract. In his return, <mask> faced Cheick Kongo in a rematch at Bellator 216 on February 16, 2019.He lost the fight via unanimous decision, marking his first professional loss in MMA. <mask> was to face Javy Ayala at Bellator 225 on August 24, 2019. However, on the day of the fight, it was announced that Ayala was pulled from the bout due to undisclosed medical reasons. <mask> instead faced Tim Johnson. <mask> won the bout via first round knockout. <mask> was re-scheduled to meet Ayala at Bellator 232 on October 26, 2019. However, <mask> was unable to obtain visa for the bout, leading to Ayala being pulled from the card also.<mask> was scheduled to face Tyrell Fortune on October 23, 2021 at Bellator 269. However in August, it was announced that Fortune pulled out due to unknown reasons and was replaced by Said Sowma. He lost the bout after it was stopped due to a broken finger. Championships and accomplishments Martial arts Bellator MMA Bellator Heavyweight World Championship (One time) One Successful Title Defense. Bellator 2013 Summer Series Heavyweight Tournament Championship. Tied (with Tyrell Fortune) for most knockout victories in Bellator Heavyweight division (five) Fight Nights Global Undefeated in Fight Nights (9-0) Global-MMA Global-MMA Fighter of the Year 2013.

He is a Russian mixed martial artist, sambist and judoka currently competing in the Heavyweight division of Bellator MMA, where he is the former Bellator MMA World Champion. He has competed for Fight Nights Global and M-1 Global. He considered competing at the 2012 Olympics in London because he is a multiple Sambo World Champion and a Junior Russian National Champion in Judo. He didn't make the team. <mask> made his professional MMA debut in 2010. He won the Sambo World Championship in 2008 and 2011. The Fight Nights - Battle of Moscow 7 was held on June 7, 2012.He won via knockout. The Fight Nights - Battle of Desne was held on September 17, 2012. He won via knockout. <mask> was signed in June of 2012 to Bellator MMA. On November 2, 2012 he made his debut. In the second round, he defeated Vladimir Starcencov to win his debut in North America. On June 19th, <mask> faced Ron Sparks in the semifinals of the tournament.He won by technical knockout. The finals of Bellator 97 were held on July 31, 2013). He got the victory via punches in the third round after taking Martinez down. Alexander Volkov was defeated by <mask> in the final of the Bellator Heavyweight Championship. Cheick Kongo was the winner of the Season 9 Heavyweight Tournament. He retained the title via unanimous decision. On May 14, 2016 <mask> was stripped of his title due to being inactive.After leaving Bellator MMA, <mask> returned to fight in his native Russia. He won all seven of his bouts. On August 23, it was revealed that <mask> and his management team had reconciled with Bellator and reached an agreement for a new contract. The new contract was for 6 bouts at $300,000 per fight, with his win bonuses applied on top of that fee. RusFighters filed a lawsuit in the Orange County Superior Court against <mask> and Ali Abdelaziz, accusing them of breaching their agreement by using Abdelaziz to sign a new contract with Bellator. On February 28, 2020, the courts agreed that RusFighters is owed 20% of any gross performance compensation of any bout during the term of his 6 bout Bellator contract. In his return, <mask> faced Cheick Kongo again.He was the first professional to lose in MMA. On August 24, 2019, <mask> was to face Javy Ayala. On the day of the fight, it was announced that Ayala was pulled from the fight due to undisclosed medical reasons. Tim Johnson was 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 800-244-0167 The bout ended in a first round knockout. They were supposed to meet on October 26, 2019. Minakov was pulled from the card because he couldn't get a visa for the bout.On October 23, 2021, <mask> was to face Fortune. Fortune pulled out due to unknown reasons and was replaced by Said Sowma. The bout was stopped due to a broken finger. One successful title defense is one of the accomplishments of martial arts. The Summer Series Championship was held. Fight Nights Global Undefeated in Fight Nights (9-0) was the Global-MMA Global-MMA Fighter of the Year.

2658900

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Tenay

Mike Tenay

Michael William Tenay (born March 1, 1955) is an American podcast presenter and retired professional wrestling play-by-play announcer known for his time as an announcer for World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and Impact Wrestling (formerly known as Total Nonstop Action Wrestling). Tenay, according to Impact, "is known as 'The Professor' for his extensive knowledge of the sport". Former Impact Executive Producer and WCW president Eric Bischoff has described Tenay as "a walking encyclopedia of knowledge". Tenay is a five-time recipient of the Wrestling Observer Newsletter award for Best Television Announcer. Early life Tenay was born on March 1, 1955, in Los Angeles, California. In 1966, at age 11, Mike Tenay began one of the country's first wrestling newsletters, Mat News. He also made audio recordings of LA wrestling programs and traded them with fans, a precursor to the tape traders who would follow. In the 1970s, Tenay wrote for the Olympic Auditorium's programs and several national wrestling magazines. After high school, he worked as a repairman and then a betting supervisor for a casino. From 1991-1995, Tenay talked about wrestling with the nationally aired late night sports talk radio show "Wrestling Insiders". He interviewed wrestling superstars, including Jesse Ventura, Jim Cornette, and Sting. His work on radio led WCW to hire Tenay to work on the WCW Hotline and do his on-location radio broadcasts at WCW events. This led to Tenay’s first major announcing job with WCW. Professional wrestling career World Championship Wrestling (1994–2001) Mike Tenay made his WCW announcing debut during the World Championship Wrestling (WCW) co-promoted AAA When Worlds Collide pay-per-view in November 1994. Every announcer in WCW, including lead announcer Tony Schiavone, declined to work the broadcast. During this first broadcast, he and Chris Cruise called the match of Los Gringos Locos (Eddy Guerrero and Art Barr) vs. Hijo del Santo and Octagon, judged by the Wrestling Observer Newsletter as a "legendary" five-star match. Following the success of that event, WCW added more luchadores to the roster, and Tenay would appear as a guest announcer during their pay-per-view matches due to his extensive knowledge of holds and maneuvers as well as lucha libre ring psychology. Tenay would later serve as a full-time play-by-play announcer for secondary television shows such as WCW Worldwide and WCW Saturday Night, where he was known as "Iron" Mike Tenay. He was also backstage interviewer for Uncensored 1995. On September 2, 1996 he was moved up to the main show, WCW Monday Nitro, where he served as a third commentator to the team originally consisting of play-by-play announcer Tony Schiavone and color commentator Bobby Heenan. It was there that Schiavone gave him the nickname "The Professor" for his vast and impressive knowledge of the wrestling business, wrestling history, and wrestling maneuvers. In light of WCW adding Thunder as another major weekly show in its lineup, the announce team was pulling double duty during the week. Tenay was named the lead announcer for WCW Thunder, with Schiavone and Heenan serving as the on-screen auxiliaries. He remained an announcer with WCW until its purchase by the WWF in 2001. Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2002–2016) In early 2002, Tenay was approached by Jeff Jarrett regarding the play-by-play announcer's slot with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. Tenay became the voice of the upstart company when it launched in June 2002. From that point onward, Tenay (now sporting a tuxedo at every event) became the voice of TNA, announcing the weekly pay-per-view events, every single episode of Impact Wrestling (originally TNA Impact!) and Xplosion, and every monthly pay-per-view until 2015. Tenay's role for the company beyond that of play-by-play man has developed both in front of the camera and behind the scenes. After TNA decided to switch to a booking committee format in mid-2005, Tenay was named to the committee, enhancing his formerly modest influence behind the scenes. Tenay also became the prominent on-screen personality for TNA, conducting interviews with Jeff Jarrett (who has labeled Tenay as "the voice of the fans") as well as making major announcements (such as the signing of Sting). Josh Mathews took Tenay's place as commentator on weekly airings of Impact Wrestling after its move from Spike to Destination America in January 2015. Following this, he briefly hosted Impact Wrestling: Unlocked until its cancellation, and sporadically appeared as backstage announcer or replacement commentator. He also inducted Jeff Jarrett into the TNA Hall of Fame. As of December 2015, Tenay was still employed by TNA but had not appeared on television since July. When Impact debuted on Pop in January, Tenay said his future as an announcer on Impact was uncertain. In June 2016, Tenay appeared on an episode of The Ross Report podcast with Jim Ross, where he explained that he had quietly departed TNA amicably and has retired from the wrestling business. Other endeavours In August 2015, Tenay announced on former wrestler Tazz's podcast the launch of his podcast, Professor Vegas, through CBS Radio's Play.it platform, due to launch on August 6 of that same year. It would focus on sports betting, and feature Tenay's own expert analysis (he was a bookie in Las Vegas for ten years, and a lifelong betting fan) along with interviews with professional gamblers, bookies, linesmakers and athletes. On July 22, 2016, Tenay tweeted "Sorry to report that I have not been able to reach agreement with CBS Radio for a second year of podcasts." The last recorded podcast was uploaded on June 14, 2016. Other media He appeared in the video game TNA Impact! as a downloadable character. Personal life Tenay has been married to his wife Karen since 1987. They currently live in Las Vegas, Nevada. Awards and accomplishments Wrestling Observer Newsletter Best Television Announcer (1997, 2002–2005) References External links TNA profile 1955 births American color commentators American men podcasters American podcasters Living people Professional wrestling announcers Professional wrestling podcasters Sportspeople from Los Angeles

<mask> (born March 1, 1955) is an American podcast presenter and retired professional wrestling play-by-play announcer known for his time as an announcer for World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and Impact Wrestling (formerly known as Total Nonstop Action Wrestling). Tenay, according to Impact, "is known as 'The Professor' for his extensive knowledge of the sport". Former Impact Executive Producer and WCW president Eric Bischoff has described Tenay as "a walking encyclopedia of knowledge". <mask> is a five-time recipient of the Wrestling Observer Newsletter award for Best Television Announcer. Early life <mask> was born on March 1, 1955, in Los Angeles, California. In 1966, at age 11, <mask> began one of the country's first wrestling newsletters, Mat News. He also made audio recordings of LA wrestling programs and traded them with fans, a precursor to the tape traders who would follow.In the 1970s, <mask> wrote for the Olympic Auditorium's programs and several national wrestling magazines. After high school, he worked as a repairman and then a betting supervisor for a casino. From 1991-1995, <mask> talked about wrestling with the nationally aired late night sports talk radio show "Wrestling Insiders". He interviewed wrestling superstars, including Jesse Ventura, Jim Cornette, and Sting. His work on radio led WCW to hire <mask> to work on the WCW Hotline and do his on-location radio broadcasts at WCW events. This led to <mask>’s first major announcing job with WCW. Professional wrestling career World Championship Wrestling (1994–2001) <mask> made his WCW announcing debut during the World Championship Wrestling (WCW) co-promoted AAA When Worlds Collide pay-per-view in November 1994.Every announcer in WCW, including lead announcer Tony Schiavone, declined to work the broadcast. During this first broadcast, he and Chris Cruise called the match of Los Gringos Locos (Eddy Guerrero and Art Barr) vs. Hijo del Santo and Octagon, judged by the Wrestling Observer Newsletter as a "legendary" five-star match. Following the success of that event, WCW added more luchadores to the roster, and <mask> would appear as a guest announcer during their pay-per-view matches due to his extensive knowledge of holds and maneuvers as well as lucha libre ring psychology. <mask> would later serve as a full-time play-by-play announcer for secondary television shows such as WCW Worldwide and WCW Saturday Night, where he was known as "Iron" <mask>. He was also backstage interviewer for Uncensored 1995. On September 2, 1996 he was moved up to the main show, WCW Monday Nitro, where he served as a third commentator to the team originally consisting of play-by-play announcer Tony Schiavone and color commentator Bobby Heenan. It was there that Schiavone gave him the nickname "The Professor" for his vast and impressive knowledge of the wrestling business, wrestling history, and wrestling maneuvers.In light of WCW adding Thunder as another major weekly show in its lineup, the announce team was pulling double duty during the week. <mask> was named the lead announcer for WCW Thunder, with Schiavone and Heenan serving as the on-screen auxiliaries. He remained an announcer with WCW until its purchase by the WWF in 2001. Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2002–2016) In early 2002, <mask> was approached by Jeff Jarrett regarding the play-by-play announcer's slot with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. <mask> became the voice of the upstart company when it launched in June 2002. From that point onward, <mask> (now sporting a tuxedo at every event) became the voice of TNA, announcing the weekly pay-per-view events, every single episode of Impact Wrestling (originally TNA Impact!) and Xplosion, and every monthly pay-per-view until 2015.<mask>'s role for the company beyond that of play-by-play man has developed both in front of the camera and behind the scenes. After TNA decided to switch to a booking committee format in mid-2005, <mask> was named to the committee, enhancing his formerly modest influence behind the scenes. <mask> also became the prominent on-screen personality for TNA, conducting interviews with Jeff Jarrett (who has labeled <mask> as "the voice of the fans") as well as making major announcements (such as the signing of Sting). Josh Mathews took <mask>'s place as commentator on weekly airings of Impact Wrestling after its move from Spike to Destination America in January 2015. Following this, he briefly hosted Impact Wrestling: Unlocked until its cancellation, and sporadically appeared as backstage announcer or replacement commentator. He also inducted Jeff Jarrett into the TNA Hall of Fame. As of December 2015, <mask> was still employed by TNA but had not appeared on television since July.When Impact debuted on Pop in January, <mask> said his future as an announcer on Impact was uncertain. In June 2016, <mask> appeared on an episode of The Ross Report podcast with Jim Ross, where he explained that he had quietly departed TNA amicably and has retired from the wrestling business. Other endeavours In August 2015, <mask> announced on former wrestler Tazz's podcast the launch of his podcast, Professor Vegas, through CBS Radio's Play.it platform, due to launch on August 6 of that same year. It would focus on sports betting, and feature <mask>'s own expert analysis (he was a bookie in Las Vegas for ten years, and a lifelong betting fan) along with interviews with professional gamblers, bookies, linesmakers and athletes. On July 22, 2016, <mask> tweeted "Sorry to report that I have not been able to reach agreement with CBS Radio for a second year of podcasts." The last recorded podcast was uploaded on June 14, 2016. Other media He appeared in the video game TNA Impact!as a downloadable character. Personal life <mask> has been married to his wife Karen since 1987. They currently live in Las Vegas, Nevada. Awards and accomplishments Wrestling Observer Newsletter Best Television Announcer (1997, 2002–2005) References External links TNA profile 1955 births American color commentators American men podcasters American podcasters Living people Professional wrestling announcers Professional wrestling podcasters Sportspeople from Los Angeles

A man named <mask> was born on March 1, 1955, and is known for his time as the play-by-play man for World Championship Wrestling and Impact Wrestling. According to Impact, <mask> is known as "The Professor" for his extensive knowledge of the sport. Eric Bischoff described Tenay as a walking encyclopedia of knowledge. <mask> has received the Wrestling Observer Newsletter award for Best Television Announcer five times. On March 1, 1955, <mask> was born in Los Angeles, California. One of the country's first wrestling newsletters was started at age 11 by <mask>. He made audio recordings of LA wrestling programs and traded them with fans.<mask> wrote for the Olympic Auditorium's programs in the 70s. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 The late night sports talk radio show "Wrestling Insiders" 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 Jesse Ventura, Jim Cornette, and Sting were interviewed. Tenay was hired by WCW to do his on-location radio broadcasts at the events. Tenay had his first major announcing job. Mike Tenay made his World Championship Wrestling announcing debut during a pay-per-view in 1994.Tony Schiavone declined to work the broadcast. The match of Los Gringos Locos vs. Hijo del Santo and Octagon was judged a five-star match by the Wrestling Observer Newsletter. The success of that event led to the addition of more luchadores to the roster, and <mask> would appear as a guest commentator during their pay-per-view matches due to his knowledge of holds and maneuvers as well as lucha libre ring psychology. He was known as "Iron" <mask> when he was a full-time play-by-play commentator for secondary television shows. He was an interviewer for Uncensored 1995. On September 2, 1996 he was moved up to the main show, where he served as a third commentator to the team originally consisting of play-by-play commentator Tony Schiavone and color commentator Bobby Heenan. Schiavone gave him the nickname "The Professor" because of his knowledge of the wrestling business, wrestling history, and wrestling maneuvers.During the week, the announce team was pulling double duty due to the addition of another major weekly show in the lineup. The on-screen auxiliaries were Schiavone and Heenan. The WWF purchased WCW in 2001. Jeff Jarrett approached <mask> about the play-by-play of Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. In June 2002, <mask> became the voice of the company. <mask> became the voice of TNA, announcing the weekly pay-per-view events and every single episode of Impact Wrestling. There will be monthly pay-per-view until 2015.<mask>'s role for the company beyond that of play-by-play man has developed both in front of the camera and behind the scenes. <mask> was named to the committee after the switch to a booking committee format. <mask> became the prominent on-screen personality for the company, conducting interviews with Jeff Jarrett, as well as making major announcements, such as the signing of Sting. Josh Mathews was <mask>'s replacement as commentator on Impact Wrestling's weekly airings. He briefly hosted Impact Wrestling: Unlocked before it was canceled. He made Jeff Jarrett a member of the Hall of Fame. <mask> has not appeared on television since July.When Impact first aired on Pop, <mask> said his future as an analyst was uncertain. In June 2016 <mask> appeared on an episode of The Ross Report with Jim Ross, where he explained that he had quietly left TNA and retired from the wrestling business. The launch of Professor Vegas, Tenay's show on CBS Radio's Play.it platform, was announced in August of 2015. <mask> was a bookie in Las Vegas for ten years and was a lifelong fan of sports betting. <mask> reported on July 22, 2016 that he had not been able to reach an agreement with CBS Radio for a second year of podcasts. The last episode was uploaded on June 14, 2016 He appeared in a video game.You can download a character. <mask> has been married to Karen since 1987. They live in Las Vegas. The Wrestling Observer Newsletter won the Best Television Announcer in 2002.

40310073

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Lin%20%28artist%29

Michael Lin (artist)

Michael Lin (; born 6 November 1964) is a Taiwanese artist who lives and works in Brussels, Belgium and Taipei, Taiwan. He was born in Tokyo, Japan, and grew up in Taiwan and the United States. Lin is considered a leading Taiwanese contemporary painter and conceptual artist. Biography Lin was born in Tokyo in 1964 to a Taiwanese family, and raised in Taiwan. His family immigrated to Los Angeles in 1973, during a time of political uncertainty for Taiwan. Lin embraced the multiculturalism of Southern California, and took an interest in its art and skateboarding scenes. Lin graduated from Otis Art Institute of Parsons School of Design, Los Angeles in 1990, and obtained an MFA from Art Center College of Design, Pasadena in 1993. He counted among his influences the artists Daniel Buren, Dan Graham, and Franz West, the essayist Elaine Scarry and her work on culture in the body, and Taiwanese New Wave Cinema directors such as Hou Hsiao-hsien, Tsai Ming-liang, and Edward Yang. Lin has worked as an artist in Taipei, Paris, Brussels, and Shanghai. He currently lives and works in Brussels and Taipei. Career 1993–2000 Lin moved to Taipei from Los Angeles in 1993. The artist Richard Lin, a relative on his father's side, became an important early mentor. For two years Lin worked as a bartender at the independent artist-run IT Park Gallery (伊通公園), where he met a group of like-minded artists and launched his career. Lin's first solo exhibition, Meander (IT Park, 1994), featured monochrome steel panels spray-painted at an auto body shop. Lin had been exposed to industrial and automotive design at art school, where he adopted the materials and techniques for painting with car lacquer and spray guns. However, he did not find the Taipei audience as receptive to his work's minimalist aesthetic rooted in Los Angeles car culture. Lin responded to the challenge of audience communication with Interior (IT Park, 1996). He modeled a domestic setting in the gallery space by re-locating some of his home furnishings, including two carpets, a stereo, and his music collection, with a sign that read, "Please remove your shoes before stepping on to the carpet. Feel free to choose from the selection of music." Lin opened a dialog between the public space of the gallery and the private space of the home, to address the gap between his and his audience's conceptions of contemporary art. This initiated the role of the public in Lin's work, his concept of artist as host and audience as guest, and his approach of creating participatory artwork using everyday objects. Interior was Lin's first exhibition to feature paintings with flower motifs. He had chanced upon embroidered muslin pillowcases in his home, and recalled the traditional floral patterns from his youth in the countryside, where they would adorn the bedding given as part of a wedding dowry. He crafted frames the same size as the pillows, copied their patterns and projected them onto a canvas, and reproduced them as colorful paintings. With House (Bamboo Curtain Studio, 1998), Lin began working on an architectural scale, filling an entire wall of the exhibition space with a 45 square meter floral patterned mural. Complementary (Dimension Endowment of Art, 1998) paired paintings of pillowcases with a raised tatami mat featuring real pillows. This public resting place created a kind of "social sculpture", and Lin removed a wall to let in natural light. Untitled–Cigarette Break (IT Park, 1999) featured flower print paintings and a pair of Le Corbusier LC-2 chairs partially upholstered with the same patterns, as a critique of the relationship between art, design, and architecture, and the opposition of ornamentation with modernism. Lin continued to explore the role of the public and the environment in his work. For Imported (La Ferme du Buisson, 1998), he replicated a scenario from his hometown daily life by installing tables and stools and offering hundreds of cigarettes and bottles of Taiwan Beer to visitors, framed by billboards for the brands. Lin's contribution to the group show Tu parles/J'écoute (Taipei Fine Arts Museum, 1998) invited the other artists to document the lighting conditions for their artworks, and integrated their drawings and descriptions into a new multimedia work with sound samples of museum visitor announcements. Lin was invited to participate in the 2000 Taipei Biennial, The Sky is the Limit, curated by Jérôme Sans and Manray Hsu. He created a "social space" in the entrance hall of the Taipei Fine Arts Museum, deploying a large-scale floor painting decorated with phoenix and peony motifs and furnished with cushions bearing the same pattern. 2001–2005 After 2000, Lin received numerous invitations to exhibit his work abroad. He represented Taiwan at the 2001 Venice Biennale, and participated in the 2001 Istanbul Biennial and the 2002 Gwangju Biennale. He continued to create installations for museums, such as such as Kiasma Day Bed (Kiasma, 2001), and for large public spaces, such as ATRIUM STADHUIS DEN HAAG, 12.07-08.09.2002 (The Hague City Hall, 2002). Lin moved his studio to Paris in 2002. That year he was commissioned by Nicolas Bourriaud and Jérôme Sans to create a site-specific installation and floor painting for the café lounge at Palais de Tokyo. Bourriaud and Sans invited Lin to the 2005 Biennale de Lyon, where he covered La Sucrière in a 100 square meter mural of an enlarged wallpaper pattern. He followed this up with Notre Histoire (Palais de Tokyo, 2006), featuring a large mural painting from a cartoon image. For Grind (MoMA PS1, 2004), Lin installed an indoors skateboard half-pipe decorated with a floral motif, and presented a similar work based on a traditional design from the Shanghai fabric market at the group show Odyssey (Shanghai Gallery of Art, 2004). At Kunsthalle Wien in 2005, Lin covered the windows with decorative patterns but left the gallery space empty, transforming the glass pavilion into an enormous oriental lamp. 2006–2015 Lin moved to Shanghai in 2006, and continued to explore themes of personal, cultural, and political identity through his artwork. Island Life (2006, Eslite Gallery) presented paintings based on Uyghur and Tibetan carpets alongside a painting of a Tai Bao Zheng, a travel permit for Taiwanese to enter mainland China. I am the Sun (2009, Eslite Gallery) featured paintings based on suncake logos and elementary school workbooks, and large tangram-shaped paintings of Bambi. Concurrent to the exhibition, Lin wrapped thousands of books at the Eslite Bookstore in Taipei in pink paper bearing phoenix and peony motifs, in a work titled "21.2.1972" after Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China. Lin opened a number of exhibitions that did not feature his signature floral paintings. For What a Difference a Day Made (Shanghai Gallery of Art, 2008), Lin bought out an entire daily goods store, cataloguing and arranging its contents for viewing in the gallery. He later presented the work at the 2009 Biennale de Lyon and the 2011 Singapore Biennale. For Place Libre (Tang Contemporary, 2013), he used a minimal paint scheme to transform the gallery into a free parking lot. Lin's exhibition A Modest Veil (Vancouver Art Gallery, 2010) installed large floral paintings on the façade of the museum. He collaborated with the architecture firm Atelier Bow-Wow and video artist Cheng Ran on Model Home: A Proposition by Michael Lin (Rockbund Art Museum, 2012). They created a temporary workers' dormitory, and painted the museum interior with a pattern borrowed from bedding used by laborers in Shanghai, while filming the whole process. They adapted the work for the 2013 Auckland Triennial, using a paper building technique in place of welded steel, and participated in Frieze London 2014. For FreePort [No. 005]: Michael Lin (Peabody Essex Museum, 2012), Lin turned to patterns from coats of arms to decorate the museum floors and walls, and installed hundreds of mass-produced copies of an early Chinese porcelain depiction of a European. At the 2013 California-Pacific Triennial, Lin showed an acrylic mural titled "Sharawadgi", based on a Chinoiserie portrayal of Chinese garden features. In 2015, he re-staged his installation from Interior (1996) for the ASIA NOW Paris Asian Art Fair, created a site-specific work for the SCAD Museum of Art, and presented "Utah Sky 2065-40 (blue curve)" at the High Museum of Art. 2016–present Lin left Shanghai in 2016, splitting his time between Taipei and Brussels. His exhibition A Tale of Today (LEO XU Projects, 2016) featured a row of vintage Shanghai Forever bicycles, and walls painted with patterns and designs borrowed from the bicycle frames. New Paradise (Eslite Gallery, 2016) showed landscape paintings based on the packaging of daily foodstuffs. Lin worked with local communities and art college students in Manila on his exhibition Locomotion (MCAD Manila, 2016). He exchanged tarps that adorn neighborhood pedicabs for ones of his own design. The used tarps, a local design tradition, were showcased in the exhibition, while the artist-designed ones were ridden around the city. In 2017, the National Gallery of Victoria commissioned a floor painting, titled "Federation", which Lin painted in collaboration with local artists, and Chiostro del Bramante featured a floor painting for the group exhibition Enjoy. The following year, Lin collaborated with Swiss visual artist Beat Streuli on the architectural and curatorial project Opening (Taiwan Contemporary Culture Lab, 2018) and the exhibition One Plus One (Eslite Gallery, 2018). During the 2019 Art Basel Hong Kong, BANK exhibited works by Michael Lin together with those of Richard Lin (who died in 2011). At the same time, the Centre for Heritage, Arts and Textile (CHAT) in Hong Kong commissioned a site-specific work, a set of large curtains for their lounge. Back in Taipei, Lin created a public installation 24/7 (Taipei Fine Arts Museum, 2019) featuring raised tatami mats, walls and cushions colored after Taiwanese convenience stores, and paper lamps by Isamu Noguchi. In 2020, Lin presented a digital artwork based on traditional Taiwanese window patterns, which was displayed on the side of the Taipei 101 skyscraper in conjunction with the second edition of Taipei Dangdai art fair. He also completed a 1300 square meter floor painting for the plaza and ground floor of Museo Jumex, derived from a popular Mexican tablecloth pattern. Commercial work Lin has undertaken a number of collaborations with luxury fashion, furniture, and tableware brands. He has worked with Italian furniture manufacturer Moroso and the fashion house Dolce and Gabbana, and created store interiors for Louis Vuitton. Lin has designed a series of cups for illy, and key cards for several Le Méridien hotels. Many of his exhibitions feature artist's multiples and design objects, which re-conceive the museum and gallery shops as an extension of his art practice. In 2008, Lin contributed a floral mosaic flooring to the Chanel Mobile Art Pavilion, a portable exhibition hall designed by Zaha Hadid which was shown in Tokyo and New York. Critical Reception Lin is associated with the generation of artists who are invested in the philosophy of Relational Aesthetics, but he also concerns himself with the regional cultural topography and works in the local vernacular. He started developing a reputation in the late 1990s for his use of vast expanse of bold flowers, a visual motif that is characteristic of the endemic culture of Taiwan. His floral patterns, imitating embroideries that would typically adorn Taiwanese pillows, are inspired by the vicissitudes in the domestic and political climates of Taiwan felt by the artist when he returned to the region after many years abroad. His repetitive and ostensibly simple floralscapes, highly attuned to the Taiwanese visual vocabulary, have, however, proved to be the most politically and culturally resonant portion of his work. Lin's work has associations with architecture, as he conceives of his art not merely as a piece of flat canvas, but as a space that the viewers can interact with and within. This idiosyncratic artistic understanding is shown by many of his large-scale installation works, including Model Home: A Proposition by Michael Lin at the Rockbund Art Museum in Shanghai, and Grind at MoMA PS1 in New York. Exhibition Selected solo exhibitions Selected group exhibitions Lin is represented in Taiwan by Eslite Gallery. See also Taiwanese art References Further reading Lin, Michael (1999). Complimentary: A Solo Exhibition by Michael Lin. Taipei: Dimension Endowment of Art. Lin, Michael (2002). Michael Lin. Paris: Palais de Tokyo - site de creation contemporain. Lin, Michael (2004). Michael Lin. Taipei: Eslite Gallery. Lin, Michael (2004). Michael Lin. St. Louis: Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis. Lin, Michael (2010). A Modest Veil. Vancouver: Vancouver Art Gallery. Lin, Michael (2012). Model Home: A Proposition by Michael Lin. Shanghai: Rockbund Art Museum. Lin, Michael (2014). Place Libre: A Proposition by Michael Lin. London: Black Dog Publishing. Lin, Michael (2016). New Paradise. Taipei: Eslite Gallery. Lin, Michael (2019). Locomotion. Manila: De La Salle–College of Saint Benilde, Inc. External links 1964 births Living people Taiwanese artists

<mask> (; born 6 November 1964) is a Taiwanese artist who lives and works in Brussels, Belgium and Taipei, Taiwan. He was born in Tokyo, Japan, and grew up in Taiwan and the United States. <mask> is considered a leading Taiwanese contemporary painter and conceptual artist. Biography <mask> was born in Tokyo in 1964 to a Taiwanese family, and raised in Taiwan. His family immigrated to Los Angeles in 1973, during a time of political uncertainty for Taiwan. <mask> embraced the multiculturalism of Southern California, and took an interest in its art and skateboarding scenes. <mask> graduated from Otis Art Institute of Parsons School of Design, Los Angeles in 1990, and obtained an MFA from Art Center College of Design, Pasadena in 1993.He counted among his influences the artists Daniel Buren, Dan Graham, and Franz West, the essayist Elaine Scarry and her work on culture in the body, and Taiwanese New Wave Cinema directors such as Hou Hsiao-hsien, Tsai Ming-liang, and Edward Yang. <mask> has worked as an artist in Taipei, Paris, Brussels, and Shanghai. He currently lives and works in Brussels and Taipei. Career 1993–2000 <mask> moved to Taipei from Los Angeles in 1993. The artist <mask>, a relative on his father's side, became an important early mentor. For two years <mask> worked as a bartender at the independent artist-run IT Park Gallery (伊通公園), where he met a group of like-minded artists and launched his career. <mask>'s first solo exhibition, Meander (IT Park, 1994), featured monochrome steel panels spray-painted at an auto body shop.<mask> had been exposed to industrial and automotive design at art school, where he adopted the materials and techniques for painting with car lacquer and spray guns. However, he did not find the Taipei audience as receptive to his work's minimalist aesthetic rooted in Los Angeles car culture. <mask> responded to the challenge of audience communication with Interior (IT Park, 1996). He modeled a domestic setting in the gallery space by re-locating some of his home furnishings, including two carpets, a stereo, and his music collection, with a sign that read, "Please remove your shoes before stepping on to the carpet. Feel free to choose from the selection of music." <mask> opened a dialog between the public space of the gallery and the private space of the home, to address the gap between his and his audience's conceptions of contemporary art. This initiated the role of the public in <mask>'s work, his concept of artist as host and audience as guest, and his approach of creating participatory artwork using everyday objects.Interior was <mask>'s first exhibition to feature paintings with flower motifs. He had chanced upon embroidered muslin pillowcases in his home, and recalled the traditional floral patterns from his youth in the countryside, where they would adorn the bedding given as part of a wedding dowry. He crafted frames the same size as the pillows, copied their patterns and projected them onto a canvas, and reproduced them as colorful paintings. With House (Bamboo Curtain Studio, 1998), <mask> began working on an architectural scale, filling an entire wall of the exhibition space with a 45 square meter floral patterned mural. Complementary (Dimension Endowment of Art, 1998) paired paintings of pillowcases with a raised tatami mat featuring real pillows. This public resting place created a kind of "social sculpture", and <mask> removed a wall to let in natural light. Untitled–Cigarette Break (IT Park, 1999) featured flower print paintings and a pair of Le Corbusier LC-2 chairs partially upholstered with the same patterns, as a critique of the relationship between art, design, and architecture, and the opposition of ornamentation with modernism.<mask> continued to explore the role of the public and the environment in his work. For Imported (La Ferme du Buisson, 1998), he replicated a scenario from his hometown daily life by installing tables and stools and offering hundreds of cigarettes and bottles of Taiwan Beer to visitors, framed by billboards for the brands. <mask>'s contribution to the group show Tu parles/J'écoute (Taipei Fine Arts Museum, 1998) invited the other artists to document the lighting conditions for their artworks, and integrated their drawings and descriptions into a new multimedia work with sound samples of museum visitor announcements. <mask> was invited to participate in the 2000 Taipei Biennial, The Sky is the Limit, curated by Jérôme Sans and Manray Hsu. He created a "social space" in the entrance hall of the Taipei Fine Arts Museum, deploying a large-scale floor painting decorated with phoenix and peony motifs and furnished with cushions bearing the same pattern. 2001–2005 After 2000, <mask> received numerous invitations to exhibit his work abroad. He represented Taiwan at the 2001 Venice Biennale, and participated in the 2001 Istanbul Biennial and the 2002 Gwangju Biennale.He continued to create installations for museums, such as such as Kiasma Day Bed (Kiasma, 2001), and for large public spaces, such as ATRIUM STADHUIS DEN HAAG, 12.07-08.09.2002 (The Hague City Hall, 2002). <mask> moved his studio to Paris in 2002. That year he was commissioned by Nicolas Bourriaud and Jérôme Sans to create a site-specific installation and floor painting for the café lounge at Palais de Tokyo. Bourriaud and Sans invited <mask> to the 2005 Biennale de Lyon, where he covered La Sucrière in a 100 square meter mural of an enlarged wallpaper pattern. He followed this up with Notre Histoire (Palais de Tokyo, 2006), featuring a large mural painting from a cartoon image. For Grind (MoMA PS1, 2004), <mask> installed an indoors skateboard half-pipe decorated with a floral motif, and presented a similar work based on a traditional design from the Shanghai fabric market at the group show Odyssey (Shanghai Gallery of Art, 2004). At Kunsthalle Wien in 2005, <mask> covered the windows with decorative patterns but left the gallery space empty, transforming the glass pavilion into an enormous oriental lamp.2006–2015 <mask> moved to Shanghai in 2006, and continued to explore themes of personal, cultural, and political identity through his artwork. Island Life (2006, Eslite Gallery) presented paintings based on Uyghur and Tibetan carpets alongside a painting of a Tai Bao Zheng, a travel permit for Taiwanese to enter mainland China. I am the Sun (2009, Eslite Gallery) featured paintings based on suncake logos and elementary school workbooks, and large tangram-shaped paintings of Bambi. Concurrent to the exhibition, <mask> wrapped thousands of books at the Eslite Bookstore in Taipei in pink paper bearing phoenix and peony motifs, in a work titled "21.2.1972" after Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China. <mask> opened a number of exhibitions that did not feature his signature floral paintings. For What a Difference a Day Made (Shanghai Gallery of Art, 2008), <mask> bought out an entire daily goods store, cataloguing and arranging its contents for viewing in the gallery. He later presented the work at the 2009 Biennale de Lyon and the 2011 Singapore Biennale.For Place Libre (Tang Contemporary, 2013), he used a minimal paint scheme to transform the gallery into a free parking lot. <mask>'s exhibition A Modest Veil (Vancouver Art Gallery, 2010) installed large floral paintings on the façade of the museum. He collaborated with the architecture firm Atelier Bow-Wow and video artist Cheng Ran on Model Home: A Proposition by <mask> (Rockbund Art Museum, 2012). They created a temporary workers' dormitory, and painted the museum interior with a pattern borrowed from bedding used by laborers in Shanghai, while filming the whole process. They adapted the work for the 2013 Auckland Triennial, using a paper building technique in place of welded steel, and participated in Frieze London 2014. For FreePort [No. 005]: <mask> (Peabody Essex Museum, 2012), <mask> turned to patterns from coats of arms to decorate the museum floors and walls, and installed hundreds of mass-produced copies of an early Chinese porcelain depiction of a European.At the 2013 California-Pacific Triennial, <mask> showed an acrylic mural titled "Sharawadgi", based on a Chinoiserie portrayal of Chinese garden features. In 2015, he re-staged his installation from Interior (1996) for the ASIA NOW Paris Asian Art Fair, created a site-specific work for the SCAD Museum of Art, and presented "Utah Sky 2065-40 (blue curve)" at the High Museum of Art. 2016–present <mask> left Shanghai in 2016, splitting his time between Taipei and Brussels. His exhibition A Tale of Today (LEO XU Projects, 2016) featured a row of vintage Shanghai Forever bicycles, and walls painted with patterns and designs borrowed from the bicycle frames. New Paradise (Eslite Gallery, 2016) showed landscape paintings based on the packaging of daily foodstuffs. <mask> worked with local communities and art college students in Manila on his exhibition Locomotion (MCAD Manila, 2016). He exchanged tarps that adorn neighborhood pedicabs for ones of his own design.The used tarps, a local design tradition, were showcased in the exhibition, while the artist-designed ones were ridden around the city. In 2017, the National Gallery of Victoria commissioned a floor painting, titled "Federation", which <mask> painted in collaboration with local artists, and Chiostro del Bramante featured a floor painting for the group exhibition Enjoy. The following year, <mask> collaborated with Swiss visual artist Beat Streuli on the architectural and curatorial project Opening (Taiwan Contemporary Culture Lab, 2018) and the exhibition One Plus One (Eslite Gallery, 2018). During the 2019 Art Basel Hong Kong, BANK exhibited works by <mask> together with those of <mask> (who died in 2011). At the same time, the Centre for Heritage, Arts and Textile (CHAT) in Hong Kong commissioned a site-specific work, a set of large curtains for their lounge. Back in Taipei, <mask> created a public installation 24/7 (Taipei Fine Arts Museum, 2019) featuring raised tatami mats, walls and cushions colored after Taiwanese convenience stores, and paper lamps by Isamu Noguchi. In 2020, <mask> presented a digital artwork based on traditional Taiwanese window patterns, which was displayed on the side of the Taipei 101 skyscraper in conjunction with the second edition of Taipei Dangdai art fair.He also completed a 1300 square meter floor painting for the plaza and ground floor of Museo Jumex, derived from a popular Mexican tablecloth pattern. Commercial work <mask> has undertaken a number of collaborations with luxury fashion, furniture, and tableware brands. He has worked with Italian furniture manufacturer Moroso and the fashion house Dolce and Gabbana, and created store interiors for Louis Vuitton. <mask> has designed a series of cups for illy, and key cards for several Le Méridien hotels. Many of his exhibitions feature artist's multiples and design objects, which re-conceive the museum and gallery shops as an extension of his art practice. In 2008, <mask> contributed a floral mosaic flooring to the Chanel Mobile Art Pavilion, a portable exhibition hall designed by Zaha Hadid which was shown in Tokyo and New York. Critical Reception <mask> is associated with the generation of artists who are invested in the philosophy of Relational Aesthetics, but he also concerns himself with the regional cultural topography and works in the local vernacular.He started developing a reputation in the late 1990s for his use of vast expanse of bold flowers, a visual motif that is characteristic of the endemic culture of Taiwan. His floral patterns, imitating embroideries that would typically adorn Taiwanese pillows, are inspired by the vicissitudes in the domestic and political climates of Taiwan felt by the artist when he returned to the region after many years abroad. His repetitive and ostensibly simple floralscapes, highly attuned to the Taiwanese visual vocabulary, have, however, proved to be the most politically and culturally resonant portion of his work. <mask>'s work has associations with architecture, as he conceives of his art not merely as a piece of flat canvas, but as a space that the viewers can interact with and within. This idiosyncratic artistic understanding is shown by many of his large-scale installation works, including Model Home: A Proposition by <mask> at the Rockbund Art Museum in Shanghai, and Grind at MoMA PS1 in New York. Exhibition Selected solo exhibitions Selected group exhibitions <mask> is represented in Taiwan by Eslite Gallery. See also Taiwanese art References Further reading <mask>, <mask> (1999).Complimentary: A Solo Exhibition by <mask>. Taipei: Dimension Endowment of Art. <mask>, <mask> (2002). <mask>. Paris: Palais de Tokyo - site de creation contemporain. <mask>, <mask> (2004). <mask>.Taipei: Eslite Gallery. <mask>, <mask> (2004). <mask>. St. Louis: Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis. <mask>, <mask> (2010). A Modest Veil. Vancouver: Vancouver Art Gallery.<mask>, <mask> (2012). Model Home: A Proposition by <mask>. Shanghai: Rockbund Art Museum. <mask>, <mask> (2014). Place Libre: A Proposition by <mask>. London: Black Dog Publishing. <mask>, <mask> (2016).New Paradise. Taipei: Eslite Gallery. <mask>, <mask> (2019). Locomotion. Manila: De La Salle–College of Saint Benilde, Inc. External links 1964 births Living people Taiwanese artists

<mask> is a Taiwanese artist who lives and works in Belgium and Taiwan. He was born in Japan but grew up in Taiwan and the United States. <mask> is a leading Taiwanese contemporary painter. <mask> was raised in Taiwan after being born in Tokyo. During a time of political uncertainty for Taiwan, his family moved to Los Angeles in 1973. <mask> was attracted to the art and skateboarding scenes of Southern California. <mask> obtained an MA from Art Center College of Design, Pasadena in 1993 after graduating from Otis Art Institute of Parsons School of Design, Los Angeles in 1990.He was influenced by the artists Daniel Buren, Dan Graham, and Franz West, the essayist Elaine Scarry, and Taiwanese New Wave Cinema directors such as Hou Hsiao-hsien. <mask> has worked as an artist in a number of countries. He lives and works in Taiwan. <mask> moved to Taiwan from Los Angeles in 1993. <mask> was an important early mentor. <mask> met a group of like-minded artists after working as a bartender at the IT Park Gallery for two years. <mask>'s first solo exhibition featured spray-painted steel panels at an auto body shop.At art school, <mask> used the materials and techniques for painting with spray guns and car lacquer. He did not find the Taipei audience as receptive to his work as he did in Los Angeles. <mask> responded to the challenge of audience communication. He re-located some of his home furnishings, including two carpets, a stereo, and his music collection, with a sign that said, "please remove your shoes before stepping on to the carpet." You can choose from the selection of music. <mask> opened a dialog between the public space of the gallery and the private space of the home to address the gap between his and his audience's conceptions of contemporary art. <mask>'s concept of artist as host and audience as guest, his approach of creating artwork using everyday objects, and the role of the public in his work were all started by this.<mask>'s first exhibition featured paintings with flower motifs. He remembered the traditional floral patterns from his youth in the countryside, where they would adorn the bedding given as part of a wedding dowry. He made frames the same size as the pillows, copied their patterns and projected them onto a canvas, and made colorful paintings of them. <mask> began working on an architectural scale, filling an entire wall of the exhibition space with a 45 square meter floral patterned mural. The paintings of pillowcases with a raised tatami mat feature real pillows. <mask> removed a wall in order to let in natural light at the public resting place. The Untitled–Cigarette Break was a critique of the relationship between art, design, and architecture, and the opposition of ornamentation with modernity.<mask> explored the role of the public and the environment in his work. He replicated a scenario from his hometown daily life by installing tables and stools and offering hundreds of cigarettes and bottles of Taiwan Beer to visitors, framed by billboards for the brands. <mask>'s contribution to the group show Tu parles/J'écoute invited the other artists to document the lighting conditions for their artworks, and integrated their drawings and descriptions into a new multimedia work with sound samples of museum visitor announcements. Jérme Sans and Manray Hsu were the curators of The Sky is the Limit. He created a "social space" in the entrance hall of the Taipei Fine Arts Museum, which was decorated with a large-scale floor painting and furnished with cushions with the same pattern. <mask> received many invitations to exhibit his work abroad. He was involved in the 2001 Istanbul Biennial and the 2002 Gwangju Biennale.He continued to create installations for museums and large public spaces. In 2002 <mask> moved his studio to Paris. He was commissioned by Nicolas Bourriaud and Jérme Sans to create a site-specific installation and floor painting. <mask> was invited by Bourriaud and Sans to cover La Sucrire in a 100 square meter mural. Notre Histoire features a large mural painting from a cartoon image. <mask> presented a work based on a traditional design from the Shanghai fabric market at the group show Odyssey in 2004, and installed an indoors skateboard half-pipe decorated with a floral motif. <mask> transformed the glass pavilion into an enormous oriental lamp after covering the windows with decorative patterns.<mask> moved to Shanghai in 2006 and continued to explore themes of personal, cultural, and political identity through his artwork. The paintings based on Uyghur and Tibetan carpets were part of the Island Life exhibit. The paintings in I am the Sun were based on suncake logos and elementary school workbooks. After Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China, <mask> wrapped thousands of books in pink paper at the Eslite Bookstore in Taipei. <mask> opened a number of exhibitions that did not feature his paintings. For What a Difference a Day Made, <mask> bought out a daily goods store and arranged its contents for viewing in the gallery. The work was presented at the Singapore Biennale.He used a minimal paint scheme to transform the gallery into a parking lot. There are large floral paintings on the faade of the museum. He collaborated with the architecture firm and video artist on a project. They created a temporary workers' dormitory, painted the museum interior, and filmed the whole process. They used a paper building technique in place of welded steel to adapt their work for the Triennial in New Zealand. For FreePort. Hundreds of mass-produced copies of an early Chinese porcelain depiction of a European were installed in thePeabody Essex Museum by <mask>.<mask>'s mural was based on a Chinoiserie depiction of Chinese garden features. He presented "Utah Sky 2065-40 (blue curve)" at the High Museum of Art, created a site-specific work for the SCAD Museum of Art, and re-staged his installation for the ASIA NOW Paris Asian Art Fair. In 2016 <mask> split his time between Taipei and Brussels. The exhibition A Tale of Today featured a row of vintage bicycles, as well as walls painted with patterns and designs borrowed from the bicycle frames. Landscape paintings were based on the packaging of food. Local communities and art college students were involved in <mask>'s exhibition. He gave the tarps that adorn the pedicabs to his own design.The used tarps were displayed in the exhibition and the artist-designed ones were ridden around the city. The National Gallery of Victoria commissioned a floor painting titled "Federation", which <mask> painted in collaboration with local artists, as well as a floor painting for the group exhibition Enjoy. The opening of the Taiwan Contemporary Culture Lab and the exhibition One Plus One was a collaboration between <mask> and Beat Streuli. BANK exhibited works by <mask> and <mask>, who died in 2011. A set of large curtains was commissioned by the Centre for Heritage, Arts and Textile in Hong Kong. In Taiwan, <mask> created a public installation featuring raised tatami mats, walls and cushions colored after Taiwanese convenience stores, and paper lamps by Isamu Noguchi. In 2020, <mask> presented a digital artwork based on traditional Taiwanese window patterns, which was displayed on the side of the Taipei 101 skyscraper in conjunction with the second edition of Taipei Dangdai art fair.The 1300 square meter floor painting for the plaza and ground floor of Museo Jumex was derived from a popular Mexican tablecloth pattern. <mask> has collaborated with a number of brands. He created store interiors for Louis Vuitton and worked with Italian furniture manufacturer Moroso. A series of cups and key cards have been designed by <mask>. Many of his exhibitions feature artist's multiples and design objects, which re-conceive the museum and gallery shops as an extension of his art practice. The floral mosaic flooring that <mask> contributed to the Chanel Mobile Art Pavilion was shown in Tokyo and New York. <mask> is associated with the generation of artists who are invested in the philosophy of Relational Aesthetics, but he also concerns himself with the regional cultural topography and works in the local vernacular.The culture of Taiwan is typified by the large expanse of bold flowers that he uses. The vicissitudes in the domestic and political climates of Taiwan felt by the artist when he returned to the region after many years abroad inspired his floral patterns. His repetitive and seemingly simple floralscapes have proved to be the most politically and culturally relevant part of his work. <mask> thinks of his art as a space that the viewers can interact with and within, as he thinks of his art as a piece of flat canvas. His large-scale installation works include Model Home: A Proposition by <mask> at the Rockbund Art Museum in Shanghai, and Grind at MoMA PS1 in New York. <mask> is represented in Taiwan by Eslite Gallery. Further reading <mask>, <mask> is one of the Taiwanese art References.An exhibition by <mask>. The Dimension Endowment of Art is in Taiwan. <mask> was born in 2002. <mask>. The Palais de Tokyo is in Paris. <mask>, <mask>. <mask>.The Eslite Gallery is in Taiwan. <mask>, <mask>. <mask>. The Contemporary Art Museum is in St. Louis. <mask>, <mask>. There is a modest veil. The art gallery is in the city.<mask>, <mask>. The model home is by <mask>. The Rockbund Art Museum is in China. <mask>, <mask>. <mask> wrote Place Libre. Black Dog Publishing is in London. <mask>, <mask>.New place. The Eslite Gallery is in Taiwan. <mask>. There was motion. The College of Saint Benilde is in Manila. Living people Taiwanese artists.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tillie%20Olsen

Tillie Olsen

Tillie Lerner Olsen (January 14, 1912 – January 1, 2007) was an American writer who was associated with the political turmoil of the 1930s and the first generation of American feminists. Biography Olsen was born to Russian Jewish immigrant parents Samuel and Ida Lerner in Wahoo, Nebraska; the family moved to Omaha while she was a young child. There she attended Lake School in the Near North Side through the eighth grade, living among the city's Jewish community. At age 15, she dropped out of Omaha High School to enter the work force. Over the years Olsen worked as a waitress, domestic worker, and meat trimmer. She was also a union organizer and political activist in the Socialist community. In 1932, Olsen began to write her first novel Yonnondio, the same year she gave birth to Karla, the first of four daughters. In 1933, Olsen moved to California, where she continued her union activities. In the 1930s she joined the American Communist party. She was briefly jailed in 1934 while organizing a packing house workers' union (the charge was "making loud and unusual noise"), an experience she wrote about in The Nation, The New Republic, and The Partisan Review. She later moved to San Francisco, California, where in 1936 she met and lived with Jack Olsen, who was an organizer and a longshoreman. In 1937, she gave birth to her second child, her first child with her future husband Jack Olsen, whom she married in 1944, on the eve of his departure for service in World War II. San Francisco remained her home until her 85th year when she moved to Berkeley, California, to a cottage behind the home of her youngest daughter. Olsen died on January 1, 2007, in Oakland, California, aged 94. Writing During the 1930s, Olsen attempted to introduce the challenges of her own life and contemporary social/political circumstances into a novel which she had begun writing when she was only nineteen. Although only an excerpt of the first chapter was published in The Partisan Review in 1934, it led to a contract for her with Random House. Olsen abandoned the book, however, due to work, child rearing, and household responsibilities. Decades later in 1974, her unfinished novel was published as Yonnondio: From the Thirties. During the early 1930s, Olsen published a number of pieces of what is now referred to as "reportage". Reportage was defined by Joseph North at the 1935 National Writers Conference held in New York City of as "three-dimensional reporting...both an analysis and an experience, culminating in a course of action." Tillie returned to this form more 50 years later when she wrote "A Vision of Fear and Hope" for Newsweek, in 1994. Olsen did not publish her first book until 1961, Tell Me a Riddle, a collection of four short stories, mostly linked by the characters who are members of one family. Three of the stories were from the point of view of mothers. "I Stand Here Ironing" is the first and shortest story in the collection, about a woman who is grieving about her daughter's life and questioning the circumstances that shaped her own mothering. "O Yes" is the story of a white woman whose young daughter's friendship with a black girl is narrowed and ultimately ended by the pressures of junior high school. "Hey Sailor, What Ship?", is told by an aging merchant marine sailor whose friendship with a San Francisco family (relatives of the main character in "Tell Me a Riddle") is becoming increasingly strained due to his alcoholism. (In later editions of the book, "Hey Sailor, What Ship?" appears as the second story in the collection). The title story is really a novella, and tells the story of an elderly Jewish immigrant couple facing the wife's illness and death and trying to make sense out of the world in which they find themselves. All four stories in Tell Me a Riddle were featured in Best American Short Stories, in the year each was first published in a literary magazine. The title story was awarded the O. Henry Award in 1961 for best American short story. In 1968, Olsen signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge, vowing to refuse to pay taxes in protest against the Vietnam War. Olsen's non-fiction volume, titled Silences, published in 1978, presented an analysis of authors' silent periods, including writer's blocks, unpublished work, and the problems that working-class writers, and women in particular, have in finding the time to concentrate on their art. One of her observations was that prior to the late 20th century, all the great women writers in Western literature either had no children or had full-time housekeepers to raise the children. The second part of the book was a study of the work of little-known writer Rebecca Harding Davis. Olsen researched and wrote the book in the San Francisco Public Library. Once her books were published, Olsen became a teacher and writer-in-residence at numerous colleges, such as Amherst College, Stanford University, MIT, and Kenyon College. She was the recipient of nine honorary degrees, National Endowment for the Arts fellowships, and a Guggenheim Fellowship. Also among the honors bestowed upon Olsen was the Distinguished Contributions to American Literature Award from the American Academy and the Institutes of American Arts and Letters, in 1975, and the Rea Award for the Short Story, in 1994, for a lifetime of outstanding achievement in the field of short story writing. Tillie was invited to record her work at the Library of Congress in 1996. Legacy Though she published little, Olsen was very influential for her treatment of the lives of women and the poor. She drew attention to why women have been less likely to be published authors (and why they receive less attention than male authors when they do publish). Her work received recognition in the years of much feminist political and social activity. It contributed to new possibilities for women writers. Olsen's influence on American feminist fiction has caused some critics to be frustrated at simplistic feminist interpretations of her work. In particular, several critics have pointed to Olsen's Communist past as contributing to her thought. Olsen's fiction awards, and the ongoing attention to her work, is often focused upon her unique use of language and story form, a form close to poetry in compression and clarity, as well as upon the content. Reviewing Olsen's life in The New York Times Book Review, Margaret Atwood attributed Olsen's relatively small output to her full life as a wife and mother, a "grueling obstacle course" experienced by many women writers. Her book Silences "begins with an account, first drafted in 1962, of her own long, circumstantially enforced silence," Atwood wrote. "She did not write for a very simple reason: A day has 24 hours. For 20 years she had no time, no energy and none of the money that would have bought both." Tillie Olsen: A Heart in Action is a 2007 documentary film directed and produced by Ann Hershey on the life and literary influence of Olsen. Major works Tell Me a Riddle, Lippincott, 1961. Reprinted, Rutgers University Press, 1995 Yonnondio: From the Thirties, Delacorte, 1974. Reprinted, Delta, 1989. Silences, Delacorte, 1978. Reprinted, Dell, 1989. Reprinted, The Feminist Press, 2003. Tell Me a Riddle, Requa I and Other Works, University of Nebraska Press, 2013. References Further reading Coiner, Constance. Better Red: The Writing and Resistance of Tillie Olsen and Meridel Le Sueur. Oxford University Press, 1995. Frye, Joanne S., Tillie Olsen: A Study of the Short Fiction, Twayne Publishers, , 1997 Dawahare, Anthony. "'That Joyous Certainty': History and Utopia in Tillie Olsen's Depression-Era Literature", Twentieth Century Literature, Vol. 44, No. 3. (Autumn, 1998), pp. 261–75. Hedges, Elaine and Shelley Fisher Fishkin, eds. Listening to Silences: New Essays in Feminist Criticism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. Rosenfelt, Deborah. "From the Thirties: Tillie Olsen and the Radical Tradition." Feminist Studies, Vol. 7, No. 3. (Autumn, 1981), pp. 371–406. Schultz, Lydia A. "Flowing against the Traditional Stream: Consciousness in Tillie Olsen's 'Tell Me a Riddle.'" MELUS, Vol. 22, No. 3, Varieties of Ethnic Criticism. (Autumn, 1997), pp. 113–31. Research resources Tillie Olsen Papers, 1930-1990(call number M0667; ca. 62 linear ft.) are housed in the Department of Special Collections and University Archives at Stanford University Libraries External links Tillie Olsen Film Project Biography on GradeSaver Bibliography from Creighton University Obituary/appreciation by Anthony Dawahare in Reconstruction 8.1, 2008 "Tillie Olsen" by Abigail Martin in the Western Writers Series Digital Editions at Boise State University Better Red: The Writing and Resistance of Tillie Olsen and Meridel Le Sueur by Constance Coiner 1912 births 2007 deaths People from Wahoo, Nebraska Members of the Communist Party USA Jews and Judaism in Omaha, Nebraska American women short story writers American short story writers American feminists American socialist feminists Jewish feminists Jewish women writers American people of Russian-Jewish descent American tax resisters Writers from Omaha, Nebraska Amherst College faculty Stanford University faculty Kenyon College faculty Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty Communist women writers Jewish American short story writers American Book Award winners O. Henry Award winners Omaha Central High School alumni

<mask> (January 14, 1912 – January 1, 2007) was an American writer who was associated with the political turmoil of the 1930s and the first generation of American feminists. Biography <mask> was born to Russian Jewish immigrant parents Samuel and Ida Lerner in Wahoo, Nebraska; the family moved to Omaha while she was a young child. There she attended Lake School in the Near North Side through the eighth grade, living among the city's Jewish community. At age 15, she dropped out of Omaha High School to enter the work force. Over the years <mask> worked as a waitress, domestic worker, and meat trimmer. She was also a union organizer and political activist in the Socialist community. In 1932, <mask> began to write her first novel Yonnondio, the same year she gave birth to Karla, the first of four daughters.In 1933, <mask> moved to California, where she continued her union activities. In the 1930s she joined the American Communist party. She was briefly jailed in 1934 while organizing a packing house workers' union (the charge was "making loud and unusual noise"), an experience she wrote about in The Nation, The New Republic, and The Partisan Review. She later moved to San Francisco, California, where in 1936 she met and lived with <mask>, who was an organizer and a longshoreman. In 1937, she gave birth to her second child, her first child with her future husband <mask>, whom she married in 1944, on the eve of his departure for service in World War II. San Francisco remained her home until her 85th year when she moved to Berkeley, California, to a cottage behind the home of her youngest daughter. <mask> died on January 1, 2007, in Oakland, California, aged 94.Writing During the 1930s, <mask> attempted to introduce the challenges of her own life and contemporary social/political circumstances into a novel which she had begun writing when she was only nineteen. Although only an excerpt of the first chapter was published in The Partisan Review in 1934, it led to a contract for her with Random House. <mask> abandoned the book, however, due to work, child rearing, and household responsibilities. Decades later in 1974, her unfinished novel was published as Yonnondio: From the Thirties. During the early 1930s, <mask> published a number of pieces of what is now referred to as "reportage". Reportage was defined by Joseph North at the 1935 National Writers Conference held in New York City of as "three-dimensional reporting...both an analysis and an experience, culminating in a course of action." <mask> returned to this form more 50 years later when she wrote "A Vision of Fear and Hope" for Newsweek, in 1994.<mask> did not publish her first book until 1961, Tell Me a Riddle, a collection of four short stories, mostly linked by the characters who are members of one family. Three of the stories were from the point of view of mothers. "I Stand Here Ironing" is the first and shortest story in the collection, about a woman who is grieving about her daughter's life and questioning the circumstances that shaped her own mothering. "O Yes" is the story of a white woman whose young daughter's friendship with a black girl is narrowed and ultimately ended by the pressures of junior high school. "Hey Sailor, What Ship? ", is told by an aging merchant marine sailor whose friendship with a San Francisco family (relatives of the main character in "Tell Me a Riddle") is becoming increasingly strained due to his alcoholism. (In later editions of the book, "Hey Sailor, What Ship?"appears as the second story in the collection). The title story is really a novella, and tells the story of an elderly Jewish immigrant couple facing the wife's illness and death and trying to make sense out of the world in which they find themselves. All four stories in Tell Me a Riddle were featured in Best American Short Stories, in the year each was first published in a literary magazine. The title story was awarded the O. Henry Award in 1961 for best American short story. In 1968, <mask> signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge, vowing to refuse to pay taxes in protest against the Vietnam War. <mask>'s non-fiction volume, titled Silences, published in 1978, presented an analysis of authors' silent periods, including writer's blocks, unpublished work, and the problems that working-class writers, and women in particular, have in finding the time to concentrate on their art. One of her observations was that prior to the late 20th century, all the great women writers in Western literature either had no children or had full-time housekeepers to raise the children.The second part of the book was a study of the work of little-known writer Rebecca Harding Davis. <mask> researched and wrote the book in the San Francisco Public Library. Once her books were published, <mask> became a teacher and writer-in-residence at numerous colleges, such as Amherst College, Stanford University, MIT, and Kenyon College. She was the recipient of nine honorary degrees, National Endowment for the Arts fellowships, and a Guggenheim Fellowship. Also among the honors bestowed upon <mask> was the Distinguished Contributions to American Literature Award from the American Academy and the Institutes of American Arts and Letters, in 1975, and the Rea Award for the Short Story, in 1994, for a lifetime of outstanding achievement in the field of short story writing. <mask> was invited to record her work at the Library of Congress in 1996. Legacy Though she published little, <mask> was very influential for her treatment of the lives of women and the poor.She drew attention to why women have been less likely to be published authors (and why they receive less attention than male authors when they do publish). Her work received recognition in the years of much feminist political and social activity. It contributed to new possibilities for women writers. <mask>'s influence on American feminist fiction has caused some critics to be frustrated at simplistic feminist interpretations of her work. In particular, several critics have pointed to <mask>'s Communist past as contributing to her thought. <mask>'s fiction awards, and the ongoing attention to her work, is often focused upon her unique use of language and story form, a form close to poetry in compression and clarity, as well as upon the content. Reviewing <mask>'s life in The New York Times Book Review, Margaret Atwood attributed <mask>'s relatively small output to her full life as a wife and mother, a "grueling obstacle course" experienced by many women writers.Her book Silences "begins with an account, first drafted in 1962, of her own long, circumstantially enforced silence," Atwood wrote. "She did not write for a very simple reason: A day has 24 hours. For 20 years she had no time, no energy and none of the money that would have bought both." <mask> <mask>: A Heart in Action is a 2007 documentary film directed and produced by Ann Hershey on the life and literary influence of <mask>. Major works Tell Me a Riddle, Lippincott, 1961. Reprinted, Rutgers University Press, 1995 Yonnondio: From the Thirties, Delacorte, 1974. Reprinted, Delta, 1989.Silences, Delacorte, 1978. Reprinted, Dell, 1989. Reprinted, The Feminist Press, 2003. Tell Me a Riddle, Requa I and Other Works, University of Nebraska Press, 2013. References Further reading Coiner, Constance. Better Red: The Writing and Resistance of <mask> <mask> and Meridel Le Sueur. Oxford University Press, 1995.Frye, Joanne S., <mask> <mask>: A Study of the Short Fiction, Twayne Publishers, , 1997 Dawahare, Anthony. "'That Joyous Certainty': History and Utopia in <mask> <mask>'s Depression-Era Literature", Twentieth Century Literature, Vol. 44, No. 3. (Autumn, 1998), pp. 261–75. Hedges, Elaine and Shelley Fisher Fishkin, eds.Listening to Silences: New Essays in Feminist Criticism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. Rosenfelt, Deborah. "From the Thirties: <mask> <mask> and the Radical Tradition." Feminist Studies, Vol. 7, No. 3.(Autumn, 1981), pp. 371–406. Schultz, Lydia A. "Flowing against the Traditional Stream: Consciousness in <mask> <mask>'s 'Tell Me a Riddle.'" MELUS, Vol. 22, No. 3, Varieties of Ethnic Criticism.(Autumn, 1997), pp. 113–31. Research resources <mask> <mask> Papers, 1930-1990(call number M0667; ca. 62 linear ft.) are housed in the Department of Special Collections and University Archives at Stanford University Libraries External links Tillie Olsen Film Project Biography on GradeSaver Bibliography from Creighton University Obituary/appreciation by Anthony Dawahare in Reconstruction 8.1, 2008 "<mask> <mask>" by Abigail Martin in the Western Writers Series Digital Editions at Boise State University Better Red: The Writing and Resistance of <mask> <mask> and Meridel Le Sueur by Constance Coiner 1912 births 2007 deaths People from Wahoo, Nebraska Members of the Communist Party USA Jews and Judaism in Omaha, Nebraska American women short story writers American short story writers American feminists American socialist feminists Jewish feminists Jewish women writers American people of Russian-Jewish descent American tax resisters Writers from Omaha, Nebraska Amherst College faculty Stanford University faculty Kenyon College faculty Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty Communist women writers Jewish American short story writers American Book Award winners O. Henry Award winners Omaha Central High School alumni

The first generation of American feminists were associated with the political turmoil of the 1930s. The family of Samuel and Ida Lerner moved to Omaha when she was a young child. She lived among the city's Jewish community while attending Lake School on the Near North Side. She dropped out of high school to enter the work force. A waitress, domestic worker, and meat trimmer were 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 She was a political activist in the Socialist community. The year she gave birth to her first child, the author began to write her first novel.She continued her union activities after moving to California in 1933. She joined the American Communist party in the 1930s. She was briefly jailed in 1934 for organizing a packing house workers' union, which she wrote about in The Nation, The New Republic, and The Partisan Review. She moved to San Francisco, California, in 1936, where she met and lived with a longshoreman. In 1937, she gave birth to her second child, her first child with her future husband <mask>, on the eve of his departure for service in World War II. San Francisco was her home until she moved to Berkeley, California, to be with her youngest daughter. On January 1, 2007, <mask> died in Oakland, California, at the age of 94.The challenges of her own life and contemporary social/political circumstances were introduced into a novel which she had begun writing when she was only nineteen. An excerpt of the first chapter was published in The Partisan Review in 1934 and led to a contract with Random House. The book was abandoned due to work, child rearing, and household responsibilities. Her unfinished novel was published in 1974. The pieces of what is now referred to as "reportage" were published during the early 1930s. At the 1935 National Writers Conference held in New York City, Joseph North defined reportage as "three-dimensional reporting...both an analysis and an experience, culminating in a course of action." <mask> wrote "A Vision of Fear and Hope" for Newsweek in 1994.A collection of four short stories, mostly linked by the characters who are members of one family, was published in 1961. There were three stories from the point of view of mothers. The shortest story in the collection is "I Stand Here Ironing", which is about a woman who is grieving about her daughter's life and questioning the circumstances that shaped her own mothering. "O Yes" is the story of a white woman whose daughter's friendship with a black girl is ended by the pressures of junior high school. "Hey Sailor, what ship?" The friendship of a merchant marine sailor and a San Francisco family is becoming strained due to his alcoholism. "Hey Sailor, What ship?" was included in later editions of the book.The second story is in the collection. The title story is a short story that tells the story of an elderly Jewish immigrant couple facing the death of their wife and trying to make sense out of the world in which they find themselves. In the year each story was first published in a literary magazine, it was featured in Best American Short Stories. The title story was 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 800-313-5780 <mask> signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge in protest against the Vietnam War. An analysis of authors' silent periods, including writer's blocks, unpublished work, and the problems that working-class writers have in finding the time to concentrate on their art was presented in the non-fiction volume Silences. Prior to the late 20th century, all the great women writers in Western literature either had no children or had full-time maids to care for them.The second part of the book looked at the work of Rebecca Davis. The book was written in the San Francisco Public Library. She became a teacher and writer-in-residence at many colleges after her books were published. She received a Guggenheim fellowship, a National Endowment for the Arts fellowship, and nine degrees. The Rea Award for the Short Story was given to him in 1994 for a lifetime of outstanding achievement in the field of short story writing. The Library of Congress invited <mask> to record her work in 1996. She was influential for her treatment of the lives of women and the poor.She pointed out that women have been less likely to be published authors than men. Her work was appreciated in the years of feminist political and social activity. It gave new possibilities to women writers. Some critics are frustrated at simplistic feminist interpretations of her work because of her influence on American feminist fiction. Critics pointed to her Communist past as contributing to her thought. The ongoing attention to her work is often focused on her unique use of language and story form, a form close to poetry in compression and clarity, as well as upon the content. Margaret Atwood wrote in The New York Times Book Review that <mask>'s relatively small output was due to her being a wife and mother.Her book begins with an account of her own long, circumstantially enforced silence. She didn't write because a day has 24 hours. She didn't have time, energy or money for 20 years. Ann Hershey directed and produced a documentary about the life and literary influence of <mask> <mask>. Tell Me a Riddle is one of the major works. The Rutgers University Press published "Yonnondio: From the Thirties, Delacorte, 1974." Delta, 1989.Delacorte, 1978, Silences. Dell, 1989. The Feminist Press was published in 2003 Requa I and Other Works was published in the University of Nebraska Press. Further reading Coiner. The Resistance and Writing of <mask> <mask> and Meridel Le Sueur is referred to as Better Red. Oxford University Press was published in 1995.<mask> <mask>: A Study of the Short Fiction was published in 1997. "'That Joyous Certainty': History and Utopia in <mask> <mask>'s Depression-Era Literature" was published in the Twentieth Century Literature. 44, No. 3. In Autumn 1998, pp. 260–75. Elaine andShelley Fisher Fishkin, ed.There are new essays in feminist criticism. Oxford University Press was in New York in 1994. Deborah Rosenfelt. "From the Thirties: <mask> <mask> and the Radical Tradition." There is a feminist studies. 7, No. 3.pp. (Autumn, 1981) 37–06. Lydia A. Schultz. Consciousness in <mask> <mask>'s "Tell Me a Riddle" flows against the traditional stream. Melus, Vol. 22, No. There are different types of ethnic criticism.In Autumn 1997, pp. 114–31. There are research resources called Tillie <mask> Papers. There are 62 linear ft.) in the Department of Special Collections and University Archives at Stanford University.

44345034

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Gill%20Spottswood

Stephen Gill Spottswood

Stephen Gill Spottswood (July 18, 1897 – December 2, 1974) was a religious leader and civil rights activist known for his work as bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (AMEZ) and chairman of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Bishop Spottswood's papers are currently archived at the Amistad Research Center at Tulane University (not Dillard University). Early life and family Spottswood was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the only child of Mary Elizabeth and Abraham Lincoln Spottswood. He attended Cambridge Rindge and Latin School and then Freeport High School in Maine. He went on to Albright College, earning a B.A. in history in 1917; Gordon Divinity School; and Yale Divinity School, where he earned his doctorate. Religious leadership Shortly after finishing his undergraduate work, Spottswood was named assistant pastor of the First Evangelical United Brethren Church in Cambridge, Massachusetts, followed soon after by an appointment with the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (AMEZ). Between the time he received his Th.B. from Gordon in 1919 through 1936, he served in leadership positions at several churches around the country: First AMEZ Church of Lowell in Lowell, Massachusetts, which he also founded; Green Memorial AMEZ Church in Portland, Maine; Varick Memorial AMEZ Church in New Haven, Connecticut; Goler Memorial AMEZ Church in Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Jones Tabernacle AMEZ Church in Indianapolis, Indiana; St. Luke AMEZ Church in Buffalo, New York; and John Wesley AMEZ Church in Washington, D.C. While in Washington, in 1952, he was elected the 58th bishop of the AMEZ. He also served in various episcopal districts around the country through the 1950s and 1960s. Civil rights activism and involvement with NAACP Spottswood joined the NAACP in 1919 and was an active voice for racial equality throughout his adult life. Though he would later play a more conventional leadership position, he also participated in a number of public protests, including sit-ins, boycotts, and pickets, believing that those activities which had economic impact were among the most effective for bringing about change. He became president of the NAACP's Washington branch in 1947 and was elected to the national board of the NAACP in 1955, vice-president in 1959, and finally chairman in 1961, a post he held until 1975. He became well known for his harsh criticism of those opposing civil rights issues and of the Nixon administration in particular. Keynote address at the 1970 NAACP convention Spottswood earned a reputation as an outspoken critic of racial injustice and several times attracted press coverage for his political censures. At the 61st annual convention of the NAACP, held in Cincinnati in 1970, the 72-year-old Spottswood delivered a controversial and widely publicized keynote address covering a number of topics. He warned people not to trust segregationist Alabama governor and presidential candidate George Wallace, who had begun to speak of a more positive stance on racial issues. He also condemned racism in law enforcement, stating that "killing black Americans has been the 20th-century pastime of our police". His most prominent criticism was directed at Richard Nixon and his administration's treatment of African-Americans, calling it "anti-Negro". Spottswood said it was "the first time since 1920 that the national Administration has made it a matter of calculated policy to work against the needs and aspirations of the largest minority of its citizens". In particular, he criticized Nixon's cutting of various social programs related to housing, poverty, and equal opportunity, and accused Republicans of seeking to undermine the Voting Rights Act and desegregation of schools. On Nixon's anti-busing stance, he said, "Nixon does not want to abolish busing for the 20 million children bused every day for educational and social purposes. He just wants to keep 2.7 million children from being bused for desegregation purposes". He went on to declare that the NAACP, which had traditionally been viewed as nonpartisan, "considers itself in a state of war against President Nixon". Following the convention, Spottswood drew "staunch support from the Negro press as a whole", according to The Crisis, which aggregated and republished many of the news pieces, while "there was division among the remainder of the press ranging from hearty approval to disparagement". Presidential special counsel Leonard Garment responded to Spottswood's allegations about the Voting Rights Act and school desegregation, calling them "unfair and disheartening". Fellow AMEZ bishop C. Eubank Tucker said Spottswood's accusations were "both unjustified and unwarranted" and went on to charge the NAACP with receiving funds from the National Democratic Party. The NAACP issued a statement denying Tucker's corruption accusation and speculated about legal remedy while pointing out his longtime "loyalty to the Republican Party". Spottswood replied to Tucker by calling him a "falsifier", expressing he did not wish to call his associate a liar, and to his other critics he defended his "anti-Negro" statement, insisting it was "sustained by the record". At the following year's convention, Spottswood used his keynote address to soften the NAACP's stance on Nixon, admitting that his administration "has taken certain steps and has announced policies in certain phases of the civil rights issue which have earned cautious and limited approval among black Americans", who, he cautioned, should not "live in a vacuum as long as he's President". His colleague Roy Wilkins had previously clarified that in the months following Spottswood's 1970 address, Nixon's policies had been "only 95 percent anti-black". Personal life In 1919 he married Viola Estelle Booker, whom he was with until her death in a fire in 1953. They had one son and four daughters. In 1969 he remarried to Mattie Brownita Johnson Elliott. Spottswood retired from his position as bishop of AMEZ in 1972. He died of cancer on December 2, 1974, at the age of 77. After his death, his papers were donated to the Amistad Research Center at Dillard University. References 1897 births 1974 deaths People from Boston NAACP activists Albright College alumni Gordon–Conwell Theological Seminary alumni Yale University alumni Cambridge Rindge and Latin School alumni

<mask> (July 18, 1897 – December 2, 1974) was a religious leader and civil rights activist known for his work as bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (AMEZ) and chairman of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Bishop Spottswood's papers are currently archived at the Amistad Research Center at Tulane University (not Dillard University). Early life and family Spottswood was born in Boston, Massachusetts, the only child of Mary Elizabeth and <mask>. He attended Cambridge Rindge and Latin School and then Freeport High School in Maine. He went on to Albright College, earning a B.A. in history in 1917; Gordon Divinity School; and Yale Divinity School, where he earned his doctorate. Religious leadership Shortly after finishing his undergraduate work, Spottswood was named assistant pastor of the First Evangelical United Brethren Church in Cambridge, Massachusetts, followed soon after by an appointment with the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (AMEZ).Between the time he received his Th.B. from Gordon in 1919 through 1936, he served in leadership positions at several churches around the country: First AMEZ Church of Lowell in Lowell, Massachusetts, which he also founded; Green Memorial AMEZ Church in Portland, Maine; Varick Memorial AMEZ Church in New Haven, Connecticut; Goler Memorial AMEZ Church in Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Jones Tabernacle AMEZ Church in Indianapolis, Indiana; St. Luke AMEZ Church in Buffalo, New York; and John Wesley AMEZ Church in Washington, D.C. While in Washington, in 1952, he was elected the 58th bishop of the AMEZ. He also served in various episcopal districts around the country through the 1950s and 1960s. Civil rights activism and involvement with NAACP Spottswood joined the NAACP in 1919 and was an active voice for racial equality throughout his adult life. Though he would later play a more conventional leadership position, he also participated in a number of public protests, including sit-ins, boycotts, and pickets, believing that those activities which had economic impact were among the most effective for bringing about change. He became president of the NAACP's Washington branch in 1947 and was elected to the national board of the NAACP in 1955, vice-president in 1959, and finally chairman in 1961, a post he held until 1975.He became well known for his harsh criticism of those opposing civil rights issues and of the Nixon administration in particular. Keynote address at the 1970 NAACP convention <mask> earned a reputation as an outspoken critic of racial injustice and several times attracted press coverage for his political censures. At the 61st annual convention of the NAACP, held in Cincinnati in 1970, the 72-year-old <mask> delivered a controversial and widely publicized keynote address covering a number of topics. He warned people not to trust segregationist Alabama governor and presidential candidate George Wallace, who had begun to speak of a more positive stance on racial issues. He also condemned racism in law enforcement, stating that "killing black Americans has been the 20th-century pastime of our police". His most prominent criticism was directed at Richard Nixon and his administration's treatment of African-Americans, calling it "anti-Negro". <mask> said it was "the first time since 1920 that the national Administration has made it a matter of calculated policy to work against the needs and aspirations of the largest minority of its citizens".In particular, he criticized Nixon's cutting of various social programs related to housing, poverty, and equal opportunity, and accused Republicans of seeking to undermine the Voting Rights Act and desegregation of schools. On Nixon's anti-busing stance, he said, "Nixon does not want to abolish busing for the 20 million children bused every day for educational and social purposes. He just wants to keep 2.7 million children from being bused for desegregation purposes". He went on to declare that the NAACP, which had traditionally been viewed as nonpartisan, "considers itself in a state of war against President Nixon". Following the convention, <mask> drew "staunch support from the Negro press as a whole", according to The Crisis, which aggregated and republished many of the news pieces, while "there was division among the remainder of the press ranging from hearty approval to disparagement". Presidential special counsel Leonard Garment responded to <mask>'s allegations about the Voting Rights Act and school desegregation, calling them "unfair and disheartening". Fellow AMEZ bishop C. Eubank Tucker said Spottswood's accusations were "both unjustified and unwarranted" and went on to charge the NAACP with receiving funds from the National Democratic Party.The NAACP issued a statement denying Tucker's corruption accusation and speculated about legal remedy while pointing out his longtime "loyalty to the Republican Party". <mask> replied to Tucker by calling him a "falsifier", expressing he did not wish to call his associate a liar, and to his other critics he defended his "anti-Negro" statement, insisting it was "sustained by the record". At the following year's convention, <mask> used his keynote address to soften the NAACP's stance on Nixon, admitting that his administration "has taken certain steps and has announced policies in certain phases of the civil rights issue which have earned cautious and limited approval among black Americans", who, he cautioned, should not "live in a vacuum as long as he's President". His colleague Roy Wilkins had previously clarified that in the months following <mask>'s 1970 address, Nixon's policies had been "only 95 percent anti-black". Personal life In 1919 he married Viola Estelle Booker, whom he was with until her death in a fire in 1953. They had one son and four daughters. In 1969 he remarried to Mattie Brownita Johnson Elliott.<mask> retired from his position as bishop of AMEZ in 1972. He died of cancer on December 2, 1974, at the age of 77. After his death, his papers were donated to the Amistad Research Center at Dillard University. References 1897 births 1974 deaths People from Boston NAACP activists Albright College alumni Gordon–Conwell Theological Seminary alumni Yale University alumni Cambridge Rindge and Latin School alumni

<mask> was a religious leader and civil rights activist who was known for his work as bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church. The Amistad Research Center is where Bishop <mask>'s papers are currently stored. The only child of Mary Elizabeth and <mask> was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He attended Cambridge Rindge and Latin School. He earned a B.A. at Albright College. He earned his doctorate at Yale Divinity School. <mask> was appointed assistant pastor of the First Evangelical United Brethren Church in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, after finishing his undergraduate work.He received his Th.B. In 1919 through 1936, Gordon served in leadership positions at several churches around the country, including First AMEZ Church of Lowell in Massachusetts, Green Memorial AMEZ Church in Portland, Maine, and Varick Memorial AMEZ Church in New Haven, Connecticut. He was the 58th bishop of the AMEZ. He served in various districts around the country. <mask> was an active voice for racial equality throughout his adult life after joining the NAACP in 1919. He participated in a number of public protests, including sit-ins, boycotts, and pickets, believing that those activities which had economic impact were the most effective for bringing about change. He became president of the NAACP's Washington branch in 1947 and was elected to the national board of the NAACP in 1955, vice-president in 1959 and chairman in 1961.He was well known for his criticism of the Nixon administration for opposing civil rights issues. <mask>'s keynote address at the 1970 NAACP convention earned him a reputation as an outspoken critic of racial injustice and several times attracted press coverage for his political censures. <mask> gave a controversial keynote address at the 61st annual convention of the NAACP in Cincinnati in 1970. He warned people not to trust George Wallace, who had begun to speak of a more positive stance on racial issues. He said that "killing black Americans has been the 20th-century pastime of our police". He criticized Richard Nixon and his administration for their treatment of African-Americans. <mask> said it was the first time since 1920 that the national Administration has made it a matter of calculated policy to work against the needs and desires of the largest minority of its citizens.He criticized Nixon for cutting social programs related to housing, poverty, and equal opportunity and accused Republicans of trying to undermine the Voting Rights Act. He said that Nixon doesn't want to abolish busing for 20 million children for educational and social purposes. He wants to keep children from being bused. He said that the NAACP considers itself in a state of war against Nixon. <mask> received "staunch support from the Negro press as a whole", according to The Crisis, which aggregated and republished many of the news pieces. Leonard Garment called <mask>'s allegations "unfair and disheartening". The NAACP was accused of receiving funds from the National Democratic Party by fellow AMEZ bishop C. Eubank Tucker.The NAACP denied Tucker's corruption accusation and pointed out his loyalty to the Republican Party. <mask> called Tucker a "falsifier" and defended his statement that it was "sustained by the record". <mask> admitted in his keynote address that his administration has taken certain steps and has announced policies in certain phases of the civil rights issue which have earned cautious and limited approval among black Americans. In the months following <mask>'s 1970 address, Nixon's policies had been "only 95 percent anti-black" according to Roy Wilkins. He was married to Viola Estelle Booker until her death in a fire. They had five children, one son and four daughters. He was married to Mattie Brownita JohnsonElliott in 1969.<mask> retired as bishop of AMEZ in 1972. He died of cancer at the age of 77. The Amistad Research Center at Dillard University received his papers after his death. People from Boston NAACP activists, Gordon–Conwell Theological Seminary alumni, and Rindge and Latin School alumni.

4213574

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les%20Hunter%20%28basketball%29

Les Hunter (basketball)

Leslie Henry Hunter (August 16, 1942 – March 27, 2020) was an American professional basketball player in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the American Basketball Association (ABA). Hunter played college basketball for the Loyola Ramblers and was the starting center on their NCAA championship team in 1963. He was a two-time ABA All-Star. Early life Hunter was born in Nashville, Tennessee. A forward/center, Hunter attended Pearl High School and Loyola University Chicago. He played alongside Vic Rouse at Pearl High School and the two would later attend Loyola University together. Hunter and Rouse led Pearl to 54 consecutive victories and black national high school championships in 1958, 1959 and 1960. College career At Loyola, Hunter was the starting center, of the team that upset the University of Cincinnati in overtime to win the 1963 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship. Hunter and the other four Loyola starters played the entire game, without substitution. In a 1963 first-round Mideast Regional victory by Hunter and the Ramblers over Tennessee Tech, 111–42, remains a record margin of victory for an NCAA men's basketball tournament game. In 1961–1962, as a sophomore, Hunter made his varsity debut and averaged 12.8 points and 8.7 rebounds, as Loyola finished 23–4 under Coach George Ireland and made the Final Four of the 12-team 1962 National Invitation Tournament (NIT) at Madison Square Garden in New York City. As a junior in 1962–1963, Hunter averaged 17.0 points (on 53% shooting) with 11.4 rebounds, as Loyola finished 29–2 and captured the 1963 NCAA Championship. Hunter was second on the team to Jerry Harkness in scoring and Vic Rouse in rebounding. Hunter was named to the NCAA All-Tournament team. After playing well in victories over Tennessee Tech (111–42), Mississippi State with Bailey Howell (61–51), and Illinois (79–54), Hunter had 29 points and 18 rebounds in the Ramblers' 92–75 Semi-Final victory over Duke. Hunter then scored 16 points with 11 rebounds in the 60–58 overtime NCAA Championship game against Cincinnati and . In the championship game overtime, Rouse scored “The Shot Heard ‘Round the Basketball World,” as he rebounded a Hunter missed shot from 12 feet (after a pass from Jerry Harkness) and make the game-winning putback at the buzzer. Hunter described the last moments: “See, I was going in to try and rebound Jerry’s shot, but he tricked me and threw me the ball, I had to stop and adjust my shot. It’s hard to make a jumper if you’re floating; the laws of physics dictate that. But Vic went up and tipped it in. Vic and I had played on the same team in high school,” he said. “I told him, ‘We stayed together just for this moment.' ” In his senior year, 1963–1964, Hunter led Loyola to a 22–6 record, averaging 21.4 points and 15.3 rebounds, as the Ramblers made the 1964 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament. Hunter had 13 points and 22 rebounds in a 101–91 win against Murray State and 25 points and 6 rebounds in a 84–80 loss to Michigan with Cazzie Russell and Bill Buntin. In his final game, the 3rd place Mideast NCAA Regional game, Hunter scored 27 points with 18 rebounds in a 100–91 victory over Coach Adolph Rupp and his Kentucky Wildcats. In his varsity career at Loyola, Hunter led the Ramblers to a 74–12 record, scoring 1472 total points, with 1074 total rebounds. Hunter averaged a double-double of 17.1 points and 11.8 rebounds in his 86 career games. Professional career Hunter was drafted by the Detroit Pistons with the 11th pick overall (2nd round) of the 1964 NBA draft. On June 18, 1964, Hunter was traded by the Pistons with Bob Ferry, Bailey Howell, Wali Jones, and Don Ohl to the Baltimore Bullets for Terry Dischinger, Don Kojis and Rod Thorn. Hunter played for one season (1964–1965) in the NBA with the Bullets. He averaged 1.8 points and 2.4 rebounds in 4 minutes per game over 24 games. In 1965–1966 and 1966–1967, Hunter played for the Twin City Sailors of the North American Basketball League (NABL). He averaged 23.1 points and 13.0 rebounds for the Sailors in 1966–1967. Hunter was drafted in the American Basketball Association Draft (ABA) by the newly formed league and was signed by the Minnesota Muskies in 1967. He averaged 17.6 points and 9.6 rebounds in his first ABA season. Hunter had 7 points and 8 rebounds playing in the first ABA All-Star Game in January 1968. The Muskies finished 50–28 under Coach Jim Pollard, defeating the Kentucky Colonels 3–2 in the playoffs before losing to the eventual ABA Champion Pittsburgh Pipers 4–1 in the Eastern Division Finals, despite Hunter averaging 21.4 points in the playoffs. Hunter scored 12 points with 6 rebounds in the 1969 ABA All-Star Game. He averaged 16.7 points and 9.6 rebounds and 1.6 points for the Miami Floridians in 1968-1968 as the original Minnesota franchise moved to Miami. The Floridians finished 48–35 under coach Pollard, defeating the relocated Minnesota Pipers 4–3 in the playoffs before losing 4–1 to the Indiana Pacers in the Eastern Division Finals, as Hunter averaged 11.7 points and 8.8 rebounds in the playoffs. With the New York Nets in 1969–1970, Hunter averaged 16.4 points, 8.5 rebounds, and 2.7 assists, playing under Coach York Larese for the 39–45 Nets. Hunter averaged 16.1 points and 6.0 rebounds in a seven-game playoff series loss to the Kentucky Colonels. Overall, Hunter played six seasons (1967–1973) in the ABA with the Minnesota Muskies (1967–1968)/Miami Floridians (1968–1969), New York Nets (1969–1971), Kentucky Colonels (1970–1972), and Memphis Tams (1972–1973). Overall, Hunter scored 5,735 points in his professional career and was a two-time ABA All-Star. Hunter played in the first ABA All-Star game in 1968 in Indianapolis, Indiana alongside Hall of Fame inductees Larry Brown, Cliff Hagan, Mel Daniels, Louie Dampier, Roger Brown and Connie Hawkins. Hunter averaged 12.8 points, 7.1 rebounds and 1.7 assists in his 444 career American Basketball Association games. Life after basketball After retiring from basketball, Hunter moved to Kansas City in 1976. He owned a restaurant for ten years and worked as an instructor helping students who did not graduate take online classes to complete high school. In 2018, Hunter was teaching math at a community college near his Overland Park home in suburban Kansas City, wearing a Loyola cap to class during the NCAA tournament. He died on March 27, 2020, from cancer at the age of 77. Awards and honors On July 11, 2013, in the Oval Office of the White House, Hunter and former Loyola teammates John Egan, Jerry Harkness and Ron Miller met with President Barack Obama to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the school's 1963 national championship. To date it remains the only NCAA Division I basketball championship won by a university from the state of Illinois. In September 2013, the entire 1963 Loyola Ramblers NCAA Championship basketball team was inducted into the Chicagoland Sports Hall of Fame. The 1963 Loyola Ramblers were inducted in the College Basketball Hall of Fame in November 2013, making it the first team inducted into the Hall of Fame. In 2016, Hunter and Pearl teammate Vic Rouse were inducted into the Metro Nashville Public Schools Sports Hall of Fame. 1991, Hunter was inducted into the Loyola Athletics Hall of Fame and his No. 41 was retired. References Further reading Ramblers: Loyola Chicago 1963 – The Team That Changed the Color of College Basketball by Michael Lenehan, published by Agate Publishing, February 18, 2013. External links Les Hunter College Stats collegiate stats Loyola's Title Was Turning Point for NCAA Hoops 1942 births 2020 deaths African-American basketball players American men's basketball players Baltimore Bullets (1963–1973) players Basketball players at the 1963 NCAA University Division Final Four Basketball players from Nashville, Tennessee Detroit Pistons draft picks Kentucky Colonels players Loyola Ramblers men's basketball players Memphis Tams players Miami Floridians players Minnesota Muskies players New York Nets players Power forwards (basketball) 20th-century African-American sportspeople 21st-century African-American people

<mask> (August 16, 1942 – March 27, 2020) was an American professional basketball player in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the American Basketball Association (ABA). <mask> played college basketball for the Loyola Ramblers and was the starting center on their NCAA championship team in 1963. He was a two-time ABA All-Star. Early life <mask> was born in Nashville, Tennessee. A forward/center, <mask> attended Pearl High School and Loyola University Chicago. He played alongside Vic Rouse at Pearl High School and the two would later attend Loyola University together. <mask> and Rouse led Pearl to 54 consecutive victories and black national high school championships in 1958, 1959 and 1960.College career At Loyola, <mask> was the starting center, of the team that upset the University of Cincinnati in overtime to win the 1963 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship. <mask> and the other four Loyola starters played the entire game, without substitution. In a 1963 first-round Mideast Regional victory by <mask> and the Ramblers over Tennessee Tech, 111–42, remains a record margin of victory for an NCAA men's basketball tournament game. In 1961–1962, as a sophomore, <mask> made his varsity debut and averaged 12.8 points and 8.7 rebounds, as Loyola finished 23–4 under Coach George Ireland and made the Final Four of the 12-team 1962 National Invitation Tournament (NIT) at Madison Square Garden in New York City. As a junior in 1962–1963, <mask> averaged 17.0 points (on 53% shooting) with 11.4 rebounds, as Loyola finished 29–2 and captured the 1963 NCAA Championship. <mask> was second on the team to Jerry Harkness in scoring and Vic Rouse in rebounding. <mask> was named to the NCAA All-Tournament team.After playing well in victories over Tennessee Tech (111–42), Mississippi State with Bailey Howell (61–51), and Illinois (79–54), <mask> had 29 points and 18 rebounds in the Ramblers' 92–75 Semi-Final victory over Duke. <mask> then scored 16 points with 11 rebounds in the 60–58 overtime NCAA Championship game against Cincinnati and . In the championship game overtime, Rouse scored “The Shot Heard ‘Round the Basketball World,” as he rebounded a <mask> missed shot from 12 feet (after a pass from Jerry Harkness) and make the game-winning putback at the buzzer. <mask> described the last moments: “See, I was going in to try and rebound Jerry’s shot, but he tricked me and threw me the ball, I had to stop and adjust my shot. It’s hard to make a jumper if you’re floating; the laws of physics dictate that. But Vic went up and tipped it in. Vic and I had played on the same team in high school,” he said.“I told him, ‘We stayed together just for this moment.' ” In his senior year, 1963–1964, <mask> led Loyola to a 22–6 record, averaging 21.4 points and 15.3 rebounds, as the Ramblers made the 1964 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament. <mask> had 13 points and 22 rebounds in a 101–91 win against Murray State and 25 points and 6 rebounds in a 84–80 loss to Michigan with Cazzie Russell and Bill Buntin. In his final game, the 3rd place Mideast NCAA Regional game, <mask> scored 27 points with 18 rebounds in a 100–91 victory over Coach Adolph Rupp and his Kentucky Wildcats. In his varsity career at Loyola, <mask> led the Ramblers to a 74–12 record, scoring 1472 total points, with 1074 total rebounds. <mask> averaged a double-double of 17.1 points and 11.8 rebounds in his 86 career games. Professional career <mask> was drafted by the Detroit Pistons with the 11th pick overall (2nd round) of the 1964 NBA draft.On June 18, 1964, <mask> was traded by the Pistons with Bob Ferry, Bailey Howell, Wali Jones, and Don Ohl to the Baltimore Bullets for Terry Dischinger, Don Kojis and Rod Thorn. <mask> played for one season (1964–1965) in the NBA with the Bullets. He averaged 1.8 points and 2.4 rebounds in 4 minutes per game over 24 games. In 1965–1966 and 1966–1967, <mask> played for the Twin City Sailors of the North American Basketball League (NABL). He averaged 23.1 points and 13.0 rebounds for the Sailors in 1966–1967. <mask> was drafted in the American Basketball Association Draft (ABA) by the newly formed league and was signed by the Minnesota Muskies in 1967. He averaged 17.6 points and 9.6 rebounds in his first ABA season.<mask> had 7 points and 8 rebounds playing in the first ABA All-Star Game in January 1968. The Muskies finished 50–28 under Coach Jim Pollard, defeating the Kentucky Colonels 3–2 in the playoffs before losing to the eventual ABA Champion Pittsburgh Pipers 4–1 in the Eastern Division Finals, despite <mask> averaging 21.4 points in the playoffs. <mask> scored 12 points with 6 rebounds in the 1969 ABA All-Star Game. He averaged 16.7 points and 9.6 rebounds and 1.6 points for the Miami Floridians in 1968-1968 as the original Minnesota franchise moved to Miami. The Floridians finished 48–35 under coach Pollard, defeating the relocated Minnesota Pipers 4–3 in the playoffs before losing 4–1 to the Indiana Pacers in the Eastern Division Finals, as <mask> averaged 11.7 points and 8.8 rebounds in the playoffs. With the New York Nets in 1969–1970, <mask> averaged 16.4 points, 8.5 rebounds, and 2.7 assists, playing under Coach York Larese for the 39–45 Nets. <mask> averaged 16.1 points and 6.0 rebounds in a seven-game playoff series loss to the Kentucky Colonels.Overall, <mask> played six seasons (1967–1973) in the ABA with the Minnesota Muskies (1967–1968)/Miami Floridians (1968–1969), New York Nets (1969–1971), Kentucky Colonels (1970–1972), and Memphis Tams (1972–1973). Overall, <mask> scored 5,735 points in his professional career and was a two-time ABA All-Star. <mask> played in the first ABA All-Star game in 1968 in Indianapolis, Indiana alongside Hall of Fame inductees Larry Brown, Cliff Hagan, Mel Daniels, Louie Dampier, Roger Brown and Connie Hawkins. <mask> averaged 12.8 points, 7.1 rebounds and 1.7 assists in his 444 career American Basketball Association games. Life after basketball After retiring from basketball, <mask> moved to Kansas City in 1976. He owned a restaurant for ten years and worked as an instructor helping students who did not graduate take online classes to complete high school. In 2018, <mask> was teaching math at a community college near his Overland Park home in suburban Kansas City, wearing a Loyola cap to class during the NCAA tournament.He died on March 27, 2020, from cancer at the age of 77. Awards and honors On July 11, 2013, in the Oval Office of the White House, <mask> and former Loyola teammates John Egan, Jerry Harkness and Ron Miller met with President Barack Obama to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the school's 1963 national championship. To date it remains the only NCAA Division I basketball championship won by a university from the state of Illinois. In September 2013, the entire 1963 Loyola Ramblers NCAA Championship basketball team was inducted into the Chicagoland Sports Hall of Fame. The 1963 Loyola Ramblers were inducted in the College Basketball Hall of Fame in November 2013, making it the first team inducted into the Hall of Fame. In 2016, <mask> and Pearl teammate Vic Rouse were inducted into the Metro Nashville Public Schools Sports Hall of Fame. 1991, <mask> was inducted into the Loyola Athletics Hall of Fame and his No.41 was retired. References Further reading Ramblers: Loyola Chicago 1963 – The Team That Changed the Color of College Basketball by Michael Lenehan, published by Agate Publishing, February 18, 2013. External links Les Hunter College Stats collegiate stats Loyola's Title Was Turning Point for NCAA Hoops 1942 births 2020 deaths African-American basketball players American men's basketball players Baltimore Bullets (1963–1973) players Basketball players at the 1963 NCAA University Division Final Four Basketball players from Nashville, Tennessee Detroit Pistons draft picks Kentucky Colonels players Loyola Ramblers men's basketball players Memphis Tams players Miami Floridians players Minnesota Muskies players New York Nets players Power forwards (basketball) 20th-century African-American sportspeople 21st-century African-American people

In the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the American Basketball Association (ABA) he was a professional basketball player. <mask> was the starting center on the NCAA championship team in 1963. He was a two-time ABA All-Star. <mask> was born in Nashville. <mask> attended Pearl High School and Loyola University Chicago. He played with and DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch Pearl had 54 consecutive victories and black national high school titles.The Loyola team that upset the University of Cincinnati in overtime to win the 1963 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship was led by <mask>. The other four Loyola players played the entire game. A record margin of victory for an NCAA men's basketball tournament game was set in 1963. In 1962, as a sophomore, <mask> made his debut and averaged 12.8 points and 8.7 rebound as Loyola made the Final Four of the NIT at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Loyola finished 29–2 and captured the 1963 NCAA Championship with <mask>'s 17.0 points and 11.4 rebound as a junior. <mask> was second on the team in scoring and second in rebound. The NCAA named <mask> to the All-Tournament team.After playing well in victories over Tennessee Tech, Mississippi State, and Illinois, <mask> had 29 points and 18 rebound in the Ramblers' 92–75 Semi-Final victory over Duke. <mask> had a double-double in the 60–58 overtime NCAA Championship game against Cincinnati. In the championship game overtime, Rouse scored "The Shot Heard 'Round the Basketball World" as he rebounded a <mask> missed shot from 12 feet and made the game-winning putback at the buzzer. <mask> said that he had to adjust his shot after Jerry tricked him and threw him the ball. The laws of physics dictate that it is hard to make a jumper if you are floating. But Vic tipped it in. The two of us played on the same team in high school.I told him to stay together. <mask> led Loyola to a 22–6 record and an appearance in the 1964 NCAA University Division Basketball Tournament. <mask> had 25 points and 6 rebound in a loss to Michigan with Cazzie Russell and Bill Buntin, and 13 points and 22 rebound in a win against Murray State. In the 3rd place Mideastern NCAA Regional game, <mask> scored 27 points with 18 rebound in a 100– 91 victory over the Kentucky Wildcats. <mask> led the Loyola team to a 74–12 record, scoring 1472 total points and 1074 total rebound. In his 86 career games, <mask> averaged a double-double of 17.1 points and 11.8 rebound. <mask> was drafted by the Detroit Pistons in the 2nd round of the 1964 NBA draft.<mask> was traded by the Pistons to the Baltimore Bullets for Terry Dischinger, Don Kojis, and Rod Thorn. The Bullets had a player named <mask> who played one season in the NBA. He played in 24 games and averaged 2.3 and 1.8 points per game. <mask> was a player for the Twin City Sailors of the North American Basketball League. In 1966–67, he averaged 23.1 points and 13.0 rebound for the Sailors. <mask> was drafted by the ABA and signed by the Minnesota Muskies. He was the ABA's leading scorer and rebounder in his first season.The first ABA All-Star Game was played in January of 1968. The Muskies defeated the Kentucky Colonels 3–2 in the playoffs, but lost to the Pittsburgh Pipers 5–1 in the Eastern Division Finals despite <mask> scoring 21.4 points in the playoffs. <mask> scored 12 points in the 1969 ABA All-Star Game. As the original Minnesota franchise moved to Miami, he averaged 16.7 points and 9.6 rebound and 1.6 points for the Miami Floridians. In the playoffs, the Floridians defeated Minnesota 4–3 before losing to the Indiana Pacers in the Eastern Division Finals, but <mask> averaged over 10 points per game in the playoffs. <mask> played for the New York Nets in 1969–1970, where he averaged 16.4 points, 8.5 rebound, and 2.7 assists. The Kentucky Colonels defeated <mask> in seven games in the playoffs.<mask> played for the Minnesota Muskies, Miami Floridians, New York Nets, and Kentucky Colonels in the ABA. <mask> was a two-time ABA All-Star and scored 5,735 points in his professional career. The ABA All-Star game was played in Indianapolis, Indiana in 1968, and <mask> was a part of it. In his American Basketball Association career, <mask> averaged 12.8 points, 7.1 rebound and 1.7 assists. <mask> moved to Kansas City after retiring from basketball. He taught students who did not graduate high school online and owned a restaurant for ten years. <mask> was teaching math at a community college near his home in suburban Kansas City, wearing a Loyola cap to class during the NCAA tournament.He died of cancer at the age of 77. On July 11, the 50th anniversary of the school's 1963 national championship, <mask> and his teammates met with President Barack Obama in the Oval Office to receive awards and honors. It is the only NCAA Division I basketball championship won by a university from the state of Illinois. The entire 1963 Loyola Ramblers NCAA Championship basketball team was inducted into the Chicagoland Sports Hall of Fame. The first team to be in the College Basketball Hall of Fame was the 1963. The Metro Nashville Public Schools Sports Hall of Fame included <mask> and Pearl teammates. <mask> was a member of the Loyola Athletics Hall of Fame.The man was retired. The team that changed the color of college basketball was written by Michael Lenehan. The title of Loyola's basketball team was the turning point in the NCAA's history.

49226498

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine%20Cole

Catherine Cole

Catherine Cole (born 9 December 1950) is an Australian author and academic. She lives between Australia, South West France and the UK Cole's work in the fields of fiction, poetry, non-fiction and academic writing has been widely published both in Australia in the UK, US, China and Vietnam. Her writing has won, been shortlisted or commended in a range of awards including The Munster Poetry Prize; The Elizabeth Jolley Short Story Prize; Davitt Award for Australian Crime Writing; The Ned Kelly Award; The Peter Blazey Prize for Non-Fiction Manuscript; and The Asher Award Melbourne University 2005 award. Cole also has judged some of Australia's leading writing prizes including the Age Book of the Year; The Barbara Jefferis Award; and The National Jazz Writing Competition. As a professor of creative writing at both the University of Wollongong and RMIT University, Melbourne and as a senior lecturer at University of Technology, Sydney, Cole has supervised some of Australia's leading and emerging writers in their postgraduate degrees. Literary career Cole began her literary career publishing poetry in a range of Australian poetry journals with the support of her mentor, A.D. Hope- whom she later wrote about in her memoir, The Poet Who Forgot (2008). Her first published prose fiction was short story, followed by the novels Dry Dock (1999), Skin Deep (2005) and then The Grave at Thu Le (2006) which examines French colonialism in Vietnam. Cole's Private Dicks and Feisty Chicks explores the lure of crime fiction and its increasing popularity across international cultures and was published in 1996. Her lifelong fascination with Vietnam was further explored in the anthology, The Perfume River– Writing from Vietnam (2010). Cole, along with Vicki Karaminas and Peter McNeil co-edited Fashion in Fiction, Fashion in Textiles, Television and Film (2009). Some of Cole's recent short stories have been published in leading Australian journals and anthologies (see list of works below); and have been produced by and read on BBC Radio 4. List of works Novels Sleep Dry Dock The Grave at Thu Le Skin Deep Short stories Seabirds Crying in the Harbour – collection of stories The Rabbit 2014 Animal Studies Journal, 3 (2) Dein ist Mein Ganzes Hertz 2014 Sleepers Almanac #9 Mother Love 2014 InC. Kennedy (Eds.) Australian Love Stories Home 家 2012 总第345期，年第6期 345 ed. Beijing 北京: World Literature 世界文学; The Best Australian Short Stories 2011; and in Meanjin 2010 #69 Long Live Peace 2010 The Perfume River: An Anthology of Writing From Vietnam Her Annotated Hair 2009 Trunk: Hair #1 Poetry War A Mascara Literary Review, Issue 17 – April 2015 Animal Dreaming Animal Studies Journal. 2 ed. Sydney: Animal Studies Journal, 2013 Carlton Online: Mascara Literary Review, Issue 13, June, 2013 1-2 Jim Morrison - Pere Lachaise "A séance" Tincture. 3 ed. Sydney: Tincture, 2013 4 Leda (vol.6, no.1) Transnational Literature. Adelaide: Flinders University, 2013 Looking for Serge Gainsbourg Online: Mascara Literary Review, Issue 13, June, 2013 1-2 Memoir The Poet Who Forgot Academic writing Private Dicks and Feisty Chicks: An Interrogation of Crime Fiction Essays and reviews Diverse Voices in Celebration of Poetry Text : Journal of Writing and Writing Courses April vol.18 #1 2014 Review: Nam Le's "The Boat" 2013 Reading Australia Review: "Konkretion" by Marion May Campbell Mascara Literary Review #13 2013 Productive creative writers' relationships: a communities-of-practice framework Nelson, A. & Cole, C. New Writing: the international journal for the practice and theory of creative writing 9 #3 2012 History and Post-memory in Contemporary Vietnamese Literature Cole, C. & Berry, M. TEXT: Journal of Writing and Writing Programs 10 Special Issue 2011 Review of "Murdering Stepmothers - The Execution of Martha Rendell" by Anna Haebich Studies in Western Australian History #27 2011 The Program Era: Review by Catherine Cole Text 15 #2 2011 Literary Communities: writers’ practices and networks Cole, C. & Nelson, A. Strange Bedfellows or Prefect Partners Papers: Refereed Conference Papers of the 15th Annual AAWP Conference. Australia: Australian Association of Writing Programs, 2010 Writing in the Contemporary Academy 2009 Second Nature: International Journal of Creative Media #1 Fashion in Fiction: Text and Clothing in Literature, Film and Television 2009 McNeil, P., Karaminas, V. & Cole, C., eds. Learning to Write 2009 Griffith Review #26 Summer Homecoming and a Hard Climb 2008 The Weekend Australian S & M Thriller Needs Fleshing Out 2008 The Weekend Australian How the University Workshop Hinders New Writers from Engaging with Ideas (And what to do about it) 2007 Segue: Writing on Writing: July Postcard from a Paris Dawn 2007 Australian Author 39 #2 Teaching James Joyce in the Creative Writing Workshop 2007 Eureka Studies in Teaching Short Fiction Vol.7 #2 Henry James, Affect and the Writer/Researcher 2006 Text 10 #2 A Tale of Two Cities 2005 Australian Author 37 #2 The Third and Fourth Countries 2005 Griffith Review #6 Summer Research 2002 Crime Factory #6 I Wish I'd Written That 2001 Crime Factory #3 Other works The Perfume River: An Anthology of Writing from Vietnam Travelling Partners: Using Literary Studies to Support Creative Writing about Real Spaces Conference of the Australian Association of Writing Programs. Eds. Brien D., Cole C., & Freiman M. (Lobb, J.) McNeil, P., Karaminas, V. & Cole, C. Fashion in Fiction: Text and Clothing in Literature, Film and Television. Radio The Road to Austinmer Beach 2014 June BBC Radio Four Residences 2015 Inaugural Visiting Writing Fellow, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 2008 Visiting Fellow, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom 2002 Writer in Residence, Keesing Studio, Cite International des Arts, Paris,France 2001 Asialink Fellow, The Gioi Publishing, Hanoi, Vietnam References External links http://catherine-cole.com/about-the-author.html Australian writers University of Wollongong faculty 1950 births Living people RMIT University faculty University of Technology Sydney faculty

<mask> (born 9 December 1950) is an Australian author and academic. She lives between Australia, South West France and the UK <mask>'s work in the fields of fiction, poetry, non-fiction and academic writing has been widely published both in Australia in the UK, US, China and Vietnam. Her writing has won, been shortlisted or commended in a range of awards including The Munster Poetry Prize; The Elizabeth Jolley Short Story Prize; Davitt Award for Australian Crime Writing; The Ned Kelly Award; The Peter Blazey Prize for Non-Fiction Manuscript; and The Asher Award Melbourne University 2005 award. <mask> also has judged some of Australia's leading writing prizes including the Age Book of the Year; The Barbara Jefferis Award; and The National Jazz Writing Competition. As a professor of creative writing at both the University of Wollongong and RMIT University, Melbourne and as a senior lecturer at University of Technology, Sydney, <mask> has supervised some of Australia's leading and emerging writers in their postgraduate degrees. Literary career <mask> began her literary career publishing poetry in a range of Australian poetry journals with the support of her mentor, A.D. Hope- whom she later wrote about in her memoir, The Poet Who Forgot (2008). Her first published prose fiction was short story, followed by the novels Dry Dock (1999), Skin Deep (2005) and then The Grave at Thu Le (2006) which examines French colonialism in Vietnam.<mask>'s Private Dicks and Feisty Chicks explores the lure of crime fiction and its increasing popularity across international cultures and was published in 1996. Her lifelong fascination with Vietnam was further explored in the anthology, The Perfume River– Writing from Vietnam (2010). <mask>, along with Vicki Karaminas and Peter McNeil co-edited Fashion in Fiction, Fashion in Textiles, Television and Film (2009). Some of <mask>'s recent short stories have been published in leading Australian journals and anthologies (see list of works below); and have been produced by and read on BBC Radio 4. List of works Novels Sleep Dry Dock The Grave at Thu Le Skin Deep Short stories Seabirds Crying in the Harbour – collection of stories The Rabbit 2014 Animal Studies Journal, 3 (2) Dein ist Mein Ganzes Hertz 2014 Sleepers Almanac #9 Mother Love 2014 InC. Kennedy (Eds.) Australian Love Stories Home 家 2012 总第345期，年第6期 345 ed. Beijing 北京: World Literature 世界文学; The Best Australian Short Stories 2011; and in Meanjin 2010 #69 Long Live Peace 2010 The Perfume River: An Anthology of Writing From Vietnam Her Annotated Hair 2009 Trunk: Hair #1 Poetry War A Mascara Literary Review, Issue 17 – April 2015 Animal Dreaming Animal Studies Journal.2 ed. Sydney: Animal Studies Journal, 2013 Carlton Online: Mascara Literary Review, Issue 13, June, 2013 1-2 Jim Morrison - Pere Lachaise "A séance" Tincture. 3 ed. Sydney: Tincture, 2013 4 Leda (vol.6, no.1) Transnational Literature. Adelaide: Flinders University, 2013 Looking for Serge Gainsbourg Online: Mascara Literary Review, Issue 13, June, 2013 1-2 Memoir The Poet Who Forgot Academic writing Private Dicks and Feisty Chicks: An Interrogation of Crime Fiction Essays and reviews Diverse Voices in Celebration of Poetry Text : Journal of Writing and Writing Courses April vol.18 #1 2014 Review: Nam Le's "The Boat" 2013 Reading Australia Review: "Konkretion" by Marion May Campbell Mascara Literary Review #13 2013 Productive creative writers' relationships: a communities-of-practice framework Nelson, A. & <mask>, C. New Writing: the international journal for the practice and theory of creative writing 9 #3 2012 History and Post-memory in Contemporary Vietnamese Literature <mask>, C. & Berry, M. TEXT: Journal of Writing and Writing Programs 10 Special Issue 2011 Review of "Murdering Stepmothers - The Execution of Martha Rendell" by Anna Haebich Studies in Western Australian History #27 2011 The Program Era: Review by <mask> Text 15 #2 2011 Literary Communities: writers’ practices and networks <mask>, C. & Nelson, A. Strange Bedfellows or Prefect Partners Papers: Refereed Conference Papers of the 15th Annual AAWP Conference.Australia: Australian Association of Writing Programs, 2010 Writing in the Contemporary Academy 2009 Second Nature: International Journal of Creative Media #1 Fashion in Fiction: Text and Clothing in Literature, Film and Television 2009 McNeil, P., Karaminas, V. & <mask>, C., eds. Learning to Write 2009 Griffith Review #26 Summer Homecoming and a Hard Climb 2008 The Weekend Australian S & M Thriller Needs Fleshing Out 2008 The Weekend Australian How the University Workshop Hinders New Writers from Engaging with Ideas (And what to do about it) 2007 Segue: Writing on Writing: July Postcard from a Paris Dawn 2007 Australian Author 39 #2 Teaching James Joyce in the Creative Writing Workshop 2007 Eureka Studies in Teaching Short Fiction Vol.7 #2 Henry James, Affect and the Writer/Researcher 2006 Text 10 #2 A Tale of Two Cities 2005 Australian Author 37 #2 The Third and Fourth Countries 2005 Griffith Review #6 Summer Research 2002 Crime Factory #6 I Wish I'd Written That 2001 Crime Factory #3 Other works The Perfume River: An Anthology of Writing from Vietnam Travelling Partners: Using Literary Studies to Support Creative Writing about Real Spaces Conference of the Australian Association of Writing Programs. Eds. Brien D., <mask>., & Freiman M. (Lobb, J.) McNeil, P., Karaminas, V. & Cole, C. Fashion in Fiction: Text and Clothing in Literature, Film and Television. Radio The Road to Austinmer Beach 2014 June BBC Radio Four Residences 2015 Inaugural Visiting Writing Fellow, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 2008 Visiting Fellow, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom 2002 Writer in Residence, Keesing Studio, Cite International des Arts, Paris,France 2001 Asialink Fellow, The Gioi Publishing, Hanoi, Vietnam References External links http://catherine-cole.com/about-the-author.html Australian writers University of Wollongong faculty 1950 births Living people RMIT University faculty University of Technology Sydney faculty

<mask> was born in December 1950. <mask>'s work in the fields of fiction, poetry, non-fiction and academic writing has been published in Australia, the UK, the US, China and Vietnam. She has won a number of awards, including the Davitt Award for Australian Crime Writing, the Elizabeth Jolley Short Story Prize, and the Peter Blazey Prize for Non-Fiction Manuscript. <mask> has judged the Age Book of the Year, The Barbara Jefferis Award, and The National Jazz Writing Competition. <mask> has supervised some of Australia's leading and emerging writers in their postgraduate degrees. <mask> began her literary career publishing poetry in a range of Australian poetry journals with the support of her mentor, A.D. Hope, whom she later wrote about in her memoir. Her first published prose fiction was a short story, followed by four novels, the last of which examines French colonialism in Vietnam.<mask>'s Private Dicks and Feisty Chicks explores the lure of crime fiction and its increasing popularity across international cultures and was published in 1996. The Perfume River– Writing from Vietnam was an anthology that explored her fascination with Vietnam. <mask> and Vicki Karaminas co-edited Fashion in Fiction, Fashion in Textiles, Television and Film. <mask>'s recent short stories have been published in leading Australian journals and anthologies, and have been produced by and read on the radio. Seabirds Crying in the Harbour is a collection of stories from The Rabbit. Australian Love Stories Home was published in 2012 The Best Australian Short Stories 2011; and in Meanjin 2010 #69 Long Live Peace.2 ed. The Carlton Online: Mascara Literary Review has a 1-2 Jim Morrison. 3 ed. Tincture is a book about Transnational Literature. Looking for Serge Gainsbourg is an online literary review. <mask>, C. and Berry, M. are the authors of New Writing: the international journal for the practice and theory of creative writing. The papers are from the 15th Annual AAWP Conference.The Australian Association of Writing Programs is based in Australia. The Weekend Australian how the university workshop hinders new writers from engaging with ideas and Segue: Writing on Writing: July Postcard There are Eds. Brien D., <mask>., and Freiman M. Fashion in Fiction: Text and Clothing in Literature, Film and Television was written by P., Karaminas, V., and <mask>. Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China 2008 Visiting Fellow, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom 2002 Writer in Residence, Cite International des Arts, Paris, France 2001

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motiur%20Rahman%20Nizami

Motiur Rahman Nizami

Motiur Rahman Nizami (; 31 March 1943 – 11 May 2016) was a politician, former Minister of Bangladesh, Islamic scholar, writer, and the former leader of the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami.Al-Badr Bangladesh Liberation War. On 29 October 2014, he was convicted and later executed blaming of masterminding the Demra massacre by the International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh. Turkey withdrew Bangladesh ambassador after Jamaat-e-Islami leader Nizami's execution (BBC). A large number of Human rights organisations of the world protested against the judicial killing of Nizami and declare it an unfair trail against Nizami. He was the Member of Parliament for the Pabna-1 constituency from 1991 to 1996 and again from 2001 to 2006. He also served as the Bangladeshi Minister of Agriculture and Minister of Industry. While various political entities and international organizations had originally welcomed the trials, in November 2011 Human Rights Watch criticized the government for aspects of their progress, lack of transparency, and reported harassment of defense lawyers and witnesses representing the accused. Nizami was the last high-profile suspect to be tried for war crimes of the 1971 Bangladesh Genocide; the court delayed his verdict in June 2014 because of the state of his health. In 2004, Nizami was convicted under separate charges for arms trafficking to the state of Assam, India and was sentenced to death, along with 13 other men in January 2014. On 29 October 2014, he was convicted and sentenced to death for his role in masterminding the Demra massacre, in which 800–900 unarmed Hindu civilians were killed after the women were raped. The people of Pakistan have supported his public execution. He was executed by hanging at Dhaka Central Jail on 11 May 2016. He is the third minister of Bangladesh to be hanged. He was frequently listed on The 500 Most Influential Muslims. Early life and education Nizami was born on 31 March 1943 in the village of Monmothpur of Santhia Upazila at Pabna. His father was Lutfur Rahman Khan. He completed his secondary education at a madrasa. In 1963, he received his Kamil degree in Islamic jurisprudence from Madrasa-e-Alia in Dhaka. He earned his bachelor's from the University of Dhaka in 1967. Political career Nizami rose in the ranks of the East Pakistan branch of Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan in the 1960s, having led the student organization, Islamic Chhatro Shango (now Islami Chhatro Shibir). After the independence of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the first president, banned Jamaat from political participation as it had opposed the liberation war, and many of its members collaborated with the Pakistan Army during the conflict. Nizami and some other top leaders left the country. After the assassination by military officers of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in August 1975, Ziaur Rahman became president in a coup in 1977. He permitted top Jamaat leaders, such as Ghulam Azam and Nizami, to return to Bangladesh in 1978; they revived the Jamaat party, which became the largest Islamist party in the country. Nizami emerged as a key leader of the Jamaat, organising the Islami Chhatra Shibir (Jammat Students Organisation), which serves as the youth wing of the Jamaat. In 1991, he was elected as a Member of Parliament, representing Jamaat-e-Islami for the constituency of Pabna-1; he was Jamaat's Parliamentary Party leader until 1994. During the 1996 elections, he lost to the candidates of both the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), an ally of Jamaat, and the Awami League in his constituency. Professor Abu Sayed of the Awami League gained his seat. In 1971, Nizami was a chief of the infamous Al-Badr militia. Along with the Pakistan Army, this militia abducted and massacred 989 Bengali intellectuals including professors, journalists, litterateurs, doctors and pro-Bangladesh activists in general. Leader of Jamaat-e-Islami Nizami took over as the leader of Jamaat from Ghulam Azam in 2001. In the same year, representing his party as part of a four-party alliance including BNP, Nizami won a seat in Parliament in Pabna-1, receiving 57.68% of the votes. From 2001 to 2003, he served as the Minister of Agriculture, then as the Minister of Industry from 2003 to 2006. Nizami was defeated in the December 2008 general election as a candidate of the Four-Party Alliance, losing his seat for Pabna-1 to Md. Shamsul Haque of the Awami League. Nizami received 45.6% of the votes. The Awami League took two-thirds of the seats in Parliament. Controversies Allegations of corruption In May 2008, the Anti-corruption Commission of Bangladesh indicted Nizami in the GATCO Corruption case, in which he along with several other politicians were alleged to have illegally granted a container-depot contract to the local firm GATCO. A warrant was issued to arrest Nizami along with 12 others on 15 May 2008. Nizami was charged with conspiring with 12 other politicians to award the contract to GATCO although the company did not meet the conditions of the tender. The prosecution alleged that the deal with GATCO caused a total loss of more than 100 million Bangladeshi Taka to the Government. Nizami denied the charges and said they were politically motivated. He was released after two months on bail. Blasphemy charges In a public speech on 17 March 2010, the Dhaka Jamaat chief, Rafiqul Islam, compared Nizami's life to that of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, persisting in the face of persecution. On 21 March, the Bangladesh Tariqat Federation sued Rafiqul, Nizami and other Jamaat members "for hurting Islamic sentiments of the masses by comparing Nizami with the Prophet". Nizami, along with three other senior Jamaat leaders, was arrested on charges on 29 March 2010. He secured bail the next day and appealed for dismissal of the case on 14 February 2011. The High Court adjourned the case for four months in March 2011. Smuggling charges On 4 May 2011, Nizami was arrested on allegations of smuggling arms to Assamese insurgents in India in 2004. His bail petition on 7 September 2011 was denied. On 30 January 2014, Nizami and 13 co-conspirators were sentenced to death by hanging after being found guilty of smuggling arms. International Crimes Tribunal In 2009, the Awami League-led Bangladesh government established a tribunal in Bangladesh to investigate those suspected of committing atrocities during Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. Nizami and eight other leaders of Jamaat-e-Islami were charged with war crimes by the prosecution, as were two leaders of the Bangladesh National Party. Opposition parties and human rights groups alleged political interference in the trial, given that all the accused were leading opposition politicians. Nizami was the last high-profile suspect to be tried for 1971 war crimes; the court delayed his verdict in June 2014 because of the state of his health. On 29 October 2014, it was announced that Nizami had been sentenced to death for war crimes committed during the 1971 independence war against Pakistan. Death On 11 May 2016, Nizami was hanged at Dhaka Central Jail, just days after the nation's highest court dismissed his final appeal to overturn the death sentence for atrocities committed during the country's 1971 war. He was hanged just before midnight (1800 GMT) after he refused to seek mercy from the President of Bangladesh. He was executed between 11:50 pm and 12:01 am midnight. Reaction :Pakistan's foreign office said in statement that "Pakistan is deeply saddened over the hanging of the emir of Jamaat-i-Islami Bangladesh, Mr Motiur Rahman Nizami, for the alleged crimes committed before December 1971. :Turkey condemned execution of Motiur Rahman Nizami and withdrew Turkish Ambassador from Bangladesh. See also Abul A'la Maududi References External links "Martyred Intellectuals: Murdered History: Raising Hopes Only to be Betrayed", New Age, 15 December 2005 AsiaMedia report, University of California Los Angeles 1943 births 2016 deaths Bangladesh Liberation War Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami politicians Bangladeshi people convicted of war crimes Executed Bangladeshi people 21st-century executions by Bangladesh People from Pabna District People executed by Bangladesh by hanging People executed for war crimes 8th Jatiya Sangsad members Industries ministers of Bangladesh Agriculture ministers of Bangladesh 5th Jatiya Sangsad members University of Dhaka alumni Executed politicians Government Madrasah-e-Alia alumni

<mask> (; 31 March 1943 – 11 May 2016) was a politician, former Minister of Bangladesh, Islamic scholar, writer, and the former leader of the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami.Al-Badr Bangladesh Liberation War. On 29 October 2014, he was convicted and later executed blaming of masterminding the Demra massacre by the International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh. Turkey withdrew Bangladesh ambassador after Jamaat-e-Islami leader <mask>'s execution (BBC). A large number of Human rights organisations of the world protested against the judicial killing of Nizami and declare it an unfair trail against Nizami. He was the Member of Parliament for the Pabna-1 constituency from 1991 to 1996 and again from 2001 to 2006. He also served as the Bangladeshi Minister of Agriculture and Minister of Industry. While various political entities and international organizations had originally welcomed the trials, in November 2011 Human Rights Watch criticized the government for aspects of their progress, lack of transparency, and reported harassment of defense lawyers and witnesses representing the accused.<mask> was the last high-profile suspect to be tried for war crimes of the 1971 Bangladesh Genocide; the court delayed his verdict in June 2014 because of the state of his health. In 2004, <mask> was convicted under separate charges for arms trafficking to the state of Assam, India and was sentenced to death, along with 13 other men in January 2014. On 29 October 2014, he was convicted and sentenced to death for his role in masterminding the Demra massacre, in which 800–900 unarmed Hindu civilians were killed after the women were raped. The people of Pakistan have supported his public execution. He was executed by hanging at Dhaka Central Jail on 11 May 2016. He is the third minister of Bangladesh to be hanged. He was frequently listed on The 500 Most Influential Muslims.Early life and education <mask> was born on 31 March 1943 in the village of Monmothpur of Santhia Upazila at Pabna. His father was Lutfur <mask>. He completed his secondary education at a madrasa. In 1963, he received his Kamil degree in Islamic jurisprudence from Madrasa-e-Alia in Dhaka. He earned his bachelor's from the University of Dhaka in 1967. Political career <mask> rose in the ranks of the East Pakistan branch of Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan in the 1960s, having led the student organization, Islamic Chhatro Shango (now Islami Chhatro Shibir). After the independence of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur <mask>, the first president, banned Jamaat from political participation as it had opposed the liberation war, and many of its members collaborated with the Pakistan Army during the conflict.<mask> and some other top leaders left the country. After the assassination by military officers of Sheikh Mujibur <mask> in August 1975, Ziaur <mask> became president in a coup in 1977. He permitted top Jamaat leaders, such as Ghulam Azam and <mask>, to return to Bangladesh in 1978; they revived the Jamaat party, which became the largest Islamist party in the country. <mask> emerged as a key leader of the Jamaat, organising the Islami Chhatra Shibir (Jammat Students Organisation), which serves as the youth wing of the Jamaat. In 1991, he was elected as a Member of Parliament, representing Jamaat-e-Islami for the constituency of Pabna-1; he was Jamaat's Parliamentary Party leader until 1994. During the 1996 elections, he lost to the candidates of both the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), an ally of Jamaat, and the Awami League in his constituency. Professor Abu Sayed of the Awami League gained his seat.In 1971, <mask> was a chief of the infamous Al-Badr militia. Along with the Pakistan Army, this militia abducted and massacred 989 Bengali intellectuals including professors, journalists, litterateurs, doctors and pro-Bangladesh activists in general. Leader of Jamaat-e-Islami <mask> took over as the leader of Jamaat from Ghulam Azam in 2001. In the same year, representing his party as part of a four-party alliance including BNP, <mask> won a seat in Parliament in Pabna-1, receiving 57.68% of the votes. From 2001 to 2003, he served as the Minister of Agriculture, then as the Minister of Industry from 2003 to 2006. <mask> was defeated in the December 2008 general election as a candidate of the Four-Party Alliance, losing his seat for Pabna-1 to Md. Shamsul Haque of the Awami League.<mask> received 45.6% of the votes. The Awami League took two-thirds of the seats in Parliament. Controversies Allegations of corruption In May 2008, the Anti-corruption Commission of Bangladesh indicted Nizami in the GATCO Corruption case, in which he along with several other politicians were alleged to have illegally granted a container-depot contract to the local firm GATCO. A warrant was issued to arrest Nizami along with 12 others on 15 May 2008. <mask> was charged with conspiring with 12 other politicians to award the contract to GATCO although the company did not meet the conditions of the tender. The prosecution alleged that the deal with GATCO caused a total loss of more than 100 million Bangladeshi Taka to the Government. Nizami denied the charges and said they were politically motivated.He was released after two months on bail. Blasphemy charges In a public speech on 17 March 2010, the Dhaka Jamaat chief, Rafiqul Islam, compared Nizami's life to that of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, persisting in the face of persecution. On 21 March, the Bangladesh Tariqat Federation sued Rafiqul, <mask> and other Jamaat members "for hurting Islamic sentiments of the masses by comparing Nizami with the Prophet". <mask>, along with three other senior Jamaat leaders, was arrested on charges on 29 March 2010. He secured bail the next day and appealed for dismissal of the case on 14 February 2011. The High Court adjourned the case for four months in March 2011. Smuggling charges On 4 May 2011, Nizami was arrested on allegations of smuggling arms to Assamese insurgents in India in 2004.His bail petition on 7 September 2011 was denied. On 30 January 2014, Nizami and 13 co-conspirators were sentenced to death by hanging after being found guilty of smuggling arms. International Crimes Tribunal In 2009, the Awami League-led Bangladesh government established a tribunal in Bangladesh to investigate those suspected of committing atrocities during Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. <mask> and eight other leaders of Jamaat-e-Islami were charged with war crimes by the prosecution, as were two leaders of the Bangladesh National Party. Opposition parties and human rights groups alleged political interference in the trial, given that all the accused were leading opposition politicians. <mask> was the last high-profile suspect to be tried for 1971 war crimes; the court delayed his verdict in June 2014 because of the state of his health. On 29 October 2014, it was announced that Nizami had been sentenced to death for war crimes committed during the 1971 independence war against Pakistan.Death On 11 May 2016, <mask> was hanged at Dhaka Central Jail, just days after the nation's highest court dismissed his final appeal to overturn the death sentence for atrocities committed during the country's 1971 war. He was hanged just before midnight (1800 GMT) after he refused to seek mercy from the President of Bangladesh. He was executed between 11:50 pm and 12:01 am midnight. Reaction :Pakistan's foreign office said in statement that "Pakistan is deeply saddened over the hanging of the emir of Jamaat-i-Islami Bangladesh, Mr <mask> <mask>, for the alleged crimes committed before December 1971. :Turkey condemned execution of <mask> <mask>i and withdrew Turkish Ambassador from Bangladesh. See also Abul A'la Maududi References External links "Martyred Intellectuals: Murdered History: Raising Hopes Only to be Betrayed", New Age, 15 December 2005 AsiaMedia report, University of California Los Angeles 1943 births 2016 deaths Bangladesh Liberation War Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami politicians Bangladeshi people convicted of war crimes Executed Bangladeshi people 21st-century executions by Bangladesh People from Pabna District People executed by Bangladesh by hanging People executed for war crimes 8th Jatiya Sangsad members Industries ministers of Bangladesh Agriculture ministers of Bangladesh 5th Jatiya Sangsad members University of Dhaka alumni Executed politicians Government Madrasah-e-Alia alumni

The former Minister of Bangladesh and leader of the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami was named <mask>. He was sentenced to death for masterminding the Demra massacre by the International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh. The Bangladesh ambassador was withdrawn by Turkey. A large number of human rights organizations protested against the judicial killing of Nizami and declared it an unfair trail against him. From 1991 to 1996 he was the Member of Parliament for the Pabna-1 constituency. He was the Minister of Industry in Bangladesh. In November of 2011, Human Rights Watch criticized the government for aspects of their progress, lack of transparency, and reported harassment of defense lawyers and witnesses.The last high-profile suspect to be tried for war crimes was <mask>, who had his verdict delayed because of his health. <mask>, along with 13 other men, were sentenced to death in January of last year after being convicted of arms trafficking to the state of Assam, India. He was sentenced to death for his role in masterminding the Demra massacre, in which 800 to 900 Hindu civilians were killed after the women were raped. The people of Pakistan supported his execution. He was put to death at the Central Jail in Bangladesh. He is the third minister of Bangladesh to be executed. He was listed frequently on The 500 Most Influential Muslims.On March 31, 1943, <mask> was born in the village of Monmothpur of Santhia Upazila at Pabna. His father was a businessman. He finished his secondary education. He received his degree in Islamic jurisprudence from Madrasa-e-Alia. He earned his bachelor's in 1967. In the 1960s, <mask> rose in the ranks of the East Pakistan branch of the Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan. After the independence of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur <mask>, the first president, banned Jamaat from political participation as it had opposed the liberation war, and many of its members collaborated with the Pakistan Army during the conflict.Top leaders left the country. The assassination of Sheikh Mujibur <mask> in August 1975 led to a coup in 1977. He allowed top leaders of the Jamaat to return to Bangladesh in 1978 in order to revive the party. The Islami Chhatra Shibir (Jammat Students Organisation), which serves as the youth wing of the Jamaat, was organised by <mask>. He was elected as a Member of Parliament in 1991, representing the constituency of Pabna-1. He lost to the candidates of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party in the 1996 elections. Professor Abu Sayed was elected to the seat.The Al-Badr militia had a chief named <mask>. Along with the Pakistan Army, this militia kidnapped and massacred Bengali intellectuals including professors, journalists, litterateurs, doctors and pro-Bangladesh activists. The leader of Jamaat-e-Islami Nizami took over in 2001. <mask> won a seat in Parliament in Pabna-1 from his party as part of a four-party alliance. He was the Minister of Agriculture from 2001 to 2003 and the Minister of Industry from 2003 to 2006 In the December 2008 general election, <mask> lost his seat for Pabna-1 in the Four-Party Alliance. Shamsul is a member of the Awami League.The person who received the most votes was <mask>. Two-thirds of the seats in Parliament were taken by the Awami League. In May 2008, the Anti-corruption Commission of Bangladesh indicted <mask> in the GATCO corruption case, in which he and several other politicians were alleged to have illegally granted a container-depot contract to the local firm. A warrant was issued for <mask>'s arrest. Although the company did not meet the conditions of the tender, <mask> was charged with conspiring with 12 other politicians to award the contract to GATCO. According to the prosecution, the deal with GATCO caused a total loss of more than 100 million Bangladeshi Taka. Nizami said the charges were politically motivated.He had been on bail for two months. Rafiqul Islam, the leader of the Dhaka Jamaat, compared <mask>'s life to that of the prophet Muhammad in a public speech on 17 March 2010. Rafiqul, <mask> and other members of the Jamaat were sued by the Bangladesh Tariqat Federation for hurting Islamic sentiment by comparing Nizami with the Prophet. <mask>, along with three other senior Jamaat leaders, were arrested on March 29, 2010. He was on bail when he appealed for the case to be dismissed. The case was adjourned for four months. On May 4, 2011, <mask> was arrested on charges of exporting arms to India.His bail petition was denied. <mask> and 13 co-conspirators were sentenced to death by hanging in January. A tribunal was established in Bangladesh in 2009, to investigate those suspected of committing atrocities during the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War. The Bangladesh National Party's two leaders were charged with war crimes by the prosecution. The trial was accused of political interference by opposition parties and human rights groups. The last high-profile suspect to be tried for war crimes was <mask>, who had his verdict delayed because of his health. <mask> was sentenced to death for war crimes committed during the 1971 independence war against Pakistan.The death sentence for atrocities committed during the country's 1971 war was upheld by the nation's highest court just days before he was hanged. He was hanged just before midnight after he refused to seek mercy from the President of Bangladesh. He was put to death between 11:50 pm and midnight. Pakistan's foreign office said in a statement that they were deeply sad over the hanging of the emir of Bangladesh. "Martyred Intellectuals: Murdered History: Raising Hopes Only to be Betrayed" is an External link.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Sweeney

Paul Sweeney

Paul John Sweeney FIES (; born 16 January 1989) is a Scottish politician. A member of the Scottish Labour and Co-operative Party, he currently serves as Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Glasgow region in the 6th Scottish Parliament, elected in May 2021. He previously served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Glasgow North East in the 57th Parliament of the United Kingdom, from 2017 to 2019. Sweeney studied at the University of Stirling and University of Glasgow before working in shipbuilding and serving in the British Armed Forces within the Army Reserve. He was elected as Member of Parliament for Glasgow North East at the 2017 general election, after which he was appointed Shadow Minister for Scotland by Jeremy Corbyn. Sweeney lost his seat at the 2019 general election but was selected as a candidate on the Glasgow regional list for the 2021 Scottish Parliament election and was initially appointed as Shadow Minister for Trade, Investment and Innovation during the election campaign in March 2021, later being appointed as Shadow Minister for Employment and Public Finance after the election in May 2021. Early life and education Sweeney was born at Stobhill Hospital in Glasgow on 16 January 1989 to Anne Patricia Sweeney (née Doherty), a bank clerk and John Gordon Sweeney, a shipyard worker. The elder of two brothers, he was brought up in Auchinairn, and Milton. Sweeney attended St. Matthew's Primary School and Turnbull High School in Bishopbriggs. The first and only member of his family to attend university, Sweeney studied at the University of Stirling, gaining a Certificate of Higher Education with Distinction in Economics and Political Science, before continuing his degree at the University of Glasgow, where he graduated with a first class MA (Hons) in Economic History and Political Science in 2011, achieving the prize for best joint honours performance in Economic History, including a research project on the post-war economic development of Yarrow Shipbuilders, the Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company and Upper Clyde Shipbuilders. At university he also became involved in debating with the Glasgow University Dialectic Society, of which he is an honorary life member. He served as a trustee on the Glasgow University Union's board of management from 2013 to 2020. Early career At the age of seventeen, Sweeney joined the Army Reserve, initially serving in the Royal Corps of Signals with 32 Signal Regiment, before transferring to 52nd Lowland, 6th Battalion of the Royal Regiment of Scotland at Walcheren Barracks. After undertaking an internship with BAE Systems at Portsmouth Naval Base as an undergraduate, Sweeney joined the company's graduate development programme with BAE Systems Maritime – Naval Ships in 2011, based at the Govan and Scotstoun shipyards on the Clyde, where he undertook a series of roles in production engineering and shipbuilding operations management on the Type 45 destroyer, and Type 26 frigate programmes, including co-authoring a 2014 publication on the construction programme for the Type 45 destroyer. Whilst at BAE Systems, Sweeney also initiated a project with the Glasgow School of Art's Digital Design Studio to introduce virtual reality methods into complex naval ship design and construction. At the end of 2015, Sweeney joined the national economic development agency Scottish Enterprise as a senior executive, working with the leadership of companies across the defence, marine, shipbuilding, aerospace and engineering sectors based in Scotland. In April 2016, he was elected as a Council Member and Fellow of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland (IESIS). Political activism Sweeney joined the Labour Party and Co-operative Party in 2008 and first became an active campaigner during the 2009 Glasgow North East by-election, after receiving a telephone call from Sarah Brown encouraging him to get involved. While working in the shipyards he joined the Unite and GMB trade unions, later joining PCS whilst at Scottish Enterprise. He is also on the executive committee of the Scottish Fabian Society and a member of Open Labour, Momentum and Campaign for Socialism. Sweeney came to prominence during the 2014 Scottish independence referendum, after he organised an open letter signed by young shipyard workers opposing the break-up of the UK, and subsequently spoke at a rally alongside Gordon Brown on the eve of the referendum. Sweeney's first experience of standing as an election candidate was in the 2016 Scottish Parliament election, where he placed twelfth on the Scottish Labour Party's regional list for West Scotland. Parliamentary career 2017 election At the 2017 general election he stood for Glasgow North East where a 12% swing to Labour led to him defeating Anne McLaughlin of the SNP by just 242 votes, overturning a 25% majority of 9,222 in an unexpected result, having not even prepared a victory speech. McLaughlin had taken the seat from the previous MP, William Bain of the Labour Party at the 2015 general election, and she had been elected with a 39% swing; which was the largest swing at the 2015 general election seen anywhere in the UK. The seat and its predecessors had previously been held by Labour MPs continuously since George Hardie, brother of the Labour Party's founder Keir Hardie, was elected for Glasgow Springburn in 1935. MP for Glasgow North East On 3 July 2017, he was appointed by Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn as the Shadow Under-Secretary of State for Scotland. He made his maiden speech to the House of Commons on 13 July 2017, during which he expressed his opposition to Conservative austerity policies that had led to a fall in living standards. During the 2017 Scottish Labour leadership election, Sweeney endorsed Richard Leonard, who was ultimately the successful candidate, having previously worked with him to co-author Scottish Labour's industrial strategy in 2016. In an interview with Ewen MacAskill of The Guardian shortly after his election, he described himself as being on the soft left of the party. Parliamentary expenses In 2019, he was cited as the least expensive MP in Scotland by the Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority, including: constituency office costs and staff salaries, as well as London accommodation rent and travel costs. 2019 election Sweeney lost his seat to the previous Scottish National Party MP Anne McLaughlin, at the 2019 general election with a marginal majority of 2,458 votes on a 4% swing, the closest result in Glasgow. After losing his seat, he went on to work on Angela Rayner's successful campaign in the 2020 Labour Party deputy leadership election. He later described the experience of losing his seat as, “The most spectacular sacking in recent Glasgow history. I was the only scalp in Glasgow that night. It was a fairly unpleasant experience. It's almost like a public execution. It's got a grim voyeurism to it. It's one of the few examples in society where people losing their jobs is treated like a blood sport.” 2021 Scottish Parliament election On the one year anniversary of his defeat, Sweeney announced that he intended to stand as a Labour Party list candidate for the Glasgow region in the 2021 Scottish Parliament election. In February 2021, it was announced by LabourList that he had placed third on Scottish Labour's regional list for Glasgow, with the second highest number of votes cast by party members in the ballot, after Anas Sarwar. The regional list rankings are alternated by gender according to the party's positive action policy. After winning the 2021 Scottish Labour leadership election, Sarwar appointed Sweeney as Shadow Minister for Trade, Investment and Innovation. Sweeney was elected as an MSP for the Glasgow region in the 6th Scottish Parliament on 8 May 2021. MSP for Glasgow On 13 May 2021, Sweeney took an oath of allegiance confirming his place in the Scottish Parliament as MSP for the Glasgow region. He was appointed as Shadow Minister for Employment and Public Finance on 31 May 2021. He is a member of the Scottish Parliament's Delegated Powers and Law Reform Committee and Public Petitions Committee. Political views and campaigns Social security Paul Sweeney's initial campaigns in Parliament included opposition to the closure and merger of seven Jobcentre Plus sites in Glasgow by the Department for Work and Pensions and challenging cuts to social security benefits for those with disabilities during the transition from the Disability Living Allowance to the Personal Independence Payment. He also campaigned for justice on behalf of hundreds of local residents in Balornock impacted by mis-selling of The Green Deal home energy improvement scheme. Facing unemployment and no income during the COVID-19 pandemic, Sweeney revealed he had begun applying for Universal Credit in May 2020, saying "The reality is, the majority of Scots are working class – if they stopped earning a salary, within two months they'd be in financial difficulties. However prestigious or seemingly privileged you are in terms of your work or identity, you're never far away from that. If more of us realised how close we are to that peril, maybe the social security system wouldn't be so punitive." He later wrote an article describing his experiences of life on social security in December 2020, stating "I will admit that I’ve occasionally had suicidal thoughts in my darker moments over the last few months." He also called for Universal Credit to be converted into a Universal Basic Income system, "A good start would be to use the simplified Universal Credit system as a universal leveller, enhancing it further to provide a guaranteed and dignified level of minimum income for all those who need it. The changes made to the system at the start of lockdown show that lives can be improved with a few lines of code added to the system to remove the onerous system of surveillance, restrictions, and sanctions." Asylum and immigration In November 2018, he won 'Best Scot at Westminster' in the annual Scottish Politician of the Year awards. This was partly in recognition of his lobbying of the Home Secretary and Prime Minister in asylum seeker rights cases such as that of Giorgi Kakava, a ten-year-old orphan who had been threatened with deportation following the death of his mother, the Kamil family who had been left without status for 18 years, teenage brothers Somer and Areeb Umeed Bakhsh, who were also supported by the Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn during a visit to Possilpark in August 2018, and trafficking victim Duc Nguyen. Sweeney was also a leader of a campaign to prevent Home Office contractor Serco evicting hundreds of asylum seekers from their accommodation across Glasgow, including a call for direct action to prevent evictions, stating "They’ve denied us the chance to raise this in Parliament by announcing this policy over recess. So without the ability to actually advocate for my constituents in Parliament, if necessary we’ll take direct action to picket and to occupy these properties to prevent evictions." He also committed Labour to ending unlimited immigration detention in prison-like facilities, including Dungavel. He has supported women's asylum seeker support charity Saheliya in a dispute over their purchase of the historic former office building at the St. Rollox railway works in Springburn from Tesco. Glasgow has the highest population of asylum seekers and refugees in the UK. In May 2021, the Home Office arrested two men in Pollokshields leading to a mass protest surrounding the immigration enforcement van. Sweeney addressed the protest and called for Glaswegians to join the picket in support of the detained men. In December 2021, he launched a campaign to extend the Scottish National Entitlement Card eligibility for free bus travel to all asylum seekers resident in Scotland, arguing that the vast majority were fleeing wars and persecution, but until their applications are determined they are not allowed to work, are subject to "no recourse to public funds" visa restrictions and are forced to live in "slum-like" accommodation, with just over £5 a day to live on. Armed forces and veterans Sweeney voiced his concern to the Prime Minister, Theresa May about British participation in the April 2018 missile strikes against Syria, calling for an “internationally policed no-fly zone" over Syria to stop the regime bombing its own population. In the wake of a series of veteran suicides in the summer of 2018, including from his former regiment, Sweeney criticised the British Army and Ministry of Defence for inadequate mental health support for former soldiers, and a lack of sufficient records to establish the scale of the problem, accusing them of ‘passing the buck’ to overstretched military charities like Combat Stress. In 2019, he began a campaign with the Royal British Legion and Earl Haig Fund Scotland, backed by the Daily Record, calling on the UK Government to abolish immigration fees in the Immigration Act 2014 and Armed Forces immigration requirements as set out in the Immigration Act 1971, in order to allow over 6,000 personnel currently serving in the British Armed Forces from foreign and Commonwealth countries the free right to British citizenship, including the Brigade of Gurkhas. He served on the public bill committee that successfully oversaw the passage of the Armed Forces (Flexible Working) Act 2018 into legislation. Sweeney also successfully campaigned to restore the Highland Light Infantry memorial in Kelvingrove Park after it was vandalised in February 2019. Appointed as Scottish Labour’s armed forces and veterans spokesman after his election as an MSP, Sweeney has been critical of the decision in the Ministry of Defence's 2021 Defence in a Competitive Age command paper to transfer the historic Royal Scots Borderers battalion from the Royal Regiment of Scotland into the new Ranger Regiment, losing its identity as a Scottish infantry unit, while cutting the size of the Black Watch battalion and also reducing the regiment's pipe bands. Urban regeneration A long-standing campaigner on urban regeneration issues in Glasgow and supporter of a land value tax, Sweeney raised concerns about the future of the city's historic buildings in the wake of the second Glasgow School of Art fire in June 2018, calling for an independent public inquiry into the circumstances of the disaster, whilst calling for the iconic building's full restoration, along with the neighbouring O2 ABC venue. He has also campaigned to restore historic Charles Rennie Mackintosh villas in Balgrayhill, to renovate David Hamilton's Mosesfield House in Springburn Park, where George Johnston built the first motor car in Britain, and saved the historic Provan Gasometers from demolition by their owners SGN, securing a listing protection by Historic Environment Scotland on appeal. He has proposed that the former St Enoch railway station clock, featured in the 1981 film Gregory's Girl, be returned to Glasgow from the Antonine Centre in Cumbernauld for installation in Queen Street railway station as part of its refurbishment. Sweeney has campaigned for the compulsory purchase and demolition of the long-abandoned Talisman pub in Springburn, and successfully lobbied for a grant funding scheme to restore historic shop fronts along Saracen Street in Possilpark. He also objected to the proposed private redevelopment of the former Ruchill Hospital as inappropriate. In October 2018, he exposed a multi-million-pound scrap metal theft scandal at disused buildings in the grounds of Stobhill Hospital, later securing the commitment of NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde to restore and illuminate the clock tower at the site, which is a prominent local landmark. In 2019 he proposed that the infamous Barlinnie Prison be saved from demolition and converted into a prison museum after it was announced that it is due to be closed by the Scottish Prison Service in 2025. In the wake of an arson attack on the historic St. Simon's Church at Partick in July 2021, he called on the Archdiocese of Glasgow to restore the building rather than demolishing it, and has also opposed the proposed demolition of the nearby Partick Baptist Church by the Baptist Union of Scotland. In December 2021, Sweeney called on Glasgow City Council planners to create a new pedestrian and cycle embankment along a former railway line at Partick Central railway station running along the River Kelvin between the Riverside Museum and Kelvingrove Park, in a similar style to Manhattan's High Line. In September 2021, after revealing major structural defects with two concrete viaducts carrying the north flank of the M8 Glasgow Inner Ring Road at Woodside, that will cost millions of pounds to repair, Sweeney wrote a letter to Patrick Harvie, Minister for Active Travel stating, "it is my opinion the project to restore the crumbling Woodside Viaducts - an ugly concrete megastructure completed in 1971 after the mass demolition and displacement of the surrounding communities - is ill thought through and, in the year of COP 26, constitutes a colossal waste of taxpayers’ money." He has requested that the Scottish Government consider alternative infrastructure schemes, citing international New Urbanism examples of freeway removal, such as Boston's Big Dig, Octavia Boulevard in San Francisco, the Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement in Seattle, Cheonggyecheon in Seoul, Voie Georges-Pompidou in Paris and proposals for the Gardiner Expressway in Toronto. A public petition to the Scottish Parliament has since been launched, campaigning for alternatives to renewing the M8 motorway through central Glasgow. Public transport infrastructure A founding member of the ‘Get Glasgow Moving’ campaign in 2016, Sweeney called for the protection of the proposed route of the Glasgow Crossrail project on the former City of Glasgow Union Railway line from encroachment by residential developers on a site east of the High Street, at Collegelands and has advocated using the Glasgow City Deal to finance the delivery of the long-awaited Glasgow Airport Rail Link, as well for Glasgow Airport itself to be brought back under the city's municipal ownership. He criticised Glasgow City Council leader Susan Aitken for supporting a downgraded option to use a people mover system to the airport, instead of light rail that would be integrated with the main Paisley Gilmour Street railway station and the wider city region rail network. The Glasgow Connectivity Commission, published in April 2019, endorsed the light rail option as part of a wider Glasgow Metro network, which was supported by Sweeney, who called for greater regional powers to deliver the project. Sweeney has called for the extension of High Speed 2 north from Manchester to Glasgow, serving on the public bill committee that approved the High Speed Rail (West Midlands – Crewe) Act 2021. He also campaigned against persistent bus service cuts in the city by First Glasgow, calling for the bus system to be returned to public ownership and regulation, as Strathclyde Buses was. Local government Sweeney has frequently spoken out against a series of cuts to local public amenities by Glasgow City Council, including the controversial closure of the People's Palace in January 2019, and supporting community-led campaigns against the closure of Whitehill Swimming Pool in Dennistoun, as well as the city's six municipal golf courses. He also spoke out against the closure of local bank branches, post offices and credit unions, as well as to remove car parking charges at Glasgow Royal Infirmary for staff. He supports a local tourist tax to help fund public services in Glasgow. During the COVID-19 pandemic, he led calls for Glasgow City Council to abolish a 1996 by-law that bans drinking in the city's public parks and other outdoor spaces, and to licence family-orientated beer gardens in the main parks to raise money for the city. Sweeney also tabled a parliamentary motion in support of a Radio Clyde campaign to install safety lighting on key routes in Glasgow's parks at night, in the wake of an incident during the COP 26 summit in November 2021, when road closures for a world leaders reception at Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum led to local residents being sent on lengthy detours though a darkened Kelvingrove Park. Industrial policy In December 2018, the planned closure of the last railway engineering works in Springburn, the St. Rollox ‘Caley’ Railway Works in July 2019 was announced by its German owner Mutares, despite the site running at a profit, with the loss of over 200 jobs. Sweeney led a campaign against the closure in concert with the Unite and RMT trade unions, lobbying both the UK and Scottish Governments to renationalise the works, and putting forward several proposals to save the site from closure, even including a plan to commission the restoration of the Springburn-built South African Class GMAM ‘Springbok’ steam locomotive, in storage at Summerlee, Museum of Scottish Industrial Life in Coatbridge, and raising the matter at Theresa May's final Prime Minister's Questions. He joined workers at the site for a rally as the final shift walked out after 163 years, on 26 July 2019. As a GMB MP he supported local Asda workers campaigning against a forced downgrade to their employment contracts and has been involved in negotiations to prevent the closure of the Tesco supermarket in Parkhead. Sweeney also lobbied the Minister for Disabled People with the Community trade union to secure the protected places scheme at the Royal Strathclyde Blindcraft Industries in Springburn, saving over 100 jobs at the site in 2018. In August 2017, he assisted traders affected by a major fire at the Blochairn Fruit & Fish Market, the largest wholesale market in Scotland, turning over £250 million worth of produce a year. As vice-chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Shipbuilding and Ship Repair, he frequently raised matters of concern about Ministry of Defence's National Shipbuilding Strategy, co-authoring a report that was published in May 2019. He called for greater investment in improvements to the Clyde's shipyard infrastructure, a long-term continuous shipbuilding programme from Defence Equipment and Support, condemned delays to Type 31 frigate procurement, and played a leading role in the Confederation of Shipbuilding and Engineering Unions’ campaign that successfully secured a commitment from the Ministry of Defence that the Royal Fleet Auxiliary's planned Fleet Solid Support Ships are built in British shipyards. He has also questioned the commitment of Peel Ports to investment in the Firth of Clyde's Inchgreen Dry Dock due to their interest in Cammell Laird, and called for a more effective Scottish Government approach to securing the future of the troubled Ferguson Marine in Port Glasgow, criticising Caledonian Maritime Assets for their hostile approach to procuring ferries with the shipyard. As an MSP, he has raised concerns about the Scottish Government's guarantees and loans to Sanjeev Gupta's Liberty House Group, which acquired the Lochaber hydroelectric scheme and aluminium smelter in 2016, along with the Dalzell and Clydebridge Steelworks in 2017, with a potential exposure to the government of over half a billion pounds after the failure of its main financial backer, Greensill Capital in March 2021. Sweeney led a debate at Holyrood in calling for the First Minister to support the campaign to save the McVitie's biscuit factory in Tollcross from closure after its Turkish owner, Pladis announced a plan to cease production at the site by the end of 2022, threatening 500 jobs. He also criticised Associated British Foods in July 2021 for announcing a cut of 70 jobs out of a workforce of around 90 at their Milton bakery in the north of the city. Brexit Sweeney campaigned for the UK to remain as a member state of the European Union during the 2016 referendum. As an MP, he was a prominent supporter of the Labour campaign for a confirmatory public vote on the terms of the Brexit withdrawal agreement, voting for that option along with staying in the Customs Union and Single Market during the Parliamentary votes on Brexit, as well as supporting the continuation of freedom of movement for workers. In leaked WhatsApp messages, the "soft Brexit" position taken by Scottish Labour in its 2019 European Parliament election campaign was criticised by Sweeney, who wrote, "If it's like this then it's a bad misjudgement and I'm having nothing to do with it... Let's hope the NEC [National Executive Committee] kill this bullshit line." Scottish Labour lost both its seats, receiving 9.3% of the vote and coming fifth behind the SNP, Brexit Party, Scottish Liberal Democrats and Scottish Conservatives respectively. In the aftermath, Scottish Labour leader Richard Leonard accepted responsibility and said he would endorse remaining in the European Union. He was also one of 78 Parliamentarians who challenged the five-week prorogation of Parliament by Prime Minister Boris Johnson in the Court of Session. The case, together with a case brought in England and Wales by Gina Miller, was ultimately successful in the Supreme Court, resulting in the quashing of the prorogation on 24 September 2019. UK constitutional reform Although not in favour of Scottish independence, Sweeney has consistently called for major reform to make the UK a federal state, including greater self-government for the Greater Glasgow city region, replacing the House of Lords with an elected Senate, and electoral reform to introduce proportional representation as a member of the Labour Campaign for Electoral Reform. He has suggested that any future independence referendum should not be a binary vote as in 2014, but instead take the form of a multi-option referendum. Education reform Sweeney has called for all private schools in Scotland to be stripped of their charitable status and integrated with the state sector, saying in 2019: “Not only should these private businesses catering to elitist attitudes towards education not be the privileged beneficiaries of tax breaks for perfunctory charity work, but all private schools should be brought, en masse, into the state sector. We should take the grubby pound sign out of British education altogether and open it up to everyone to have access because at the moment it is not available to 93% of people.” The policy of private school integration was later adopted at the 2019 Labour Party Conference. Drug reform A supporter of drug policy reform whilst an MP, in March 2020 Sweeney announced that he was supporting activist Peter Krykant in his efforts to open an unsanctioned supervised overdose prevention site in Glasgow in an effort to persuade the Lord Advocate and Scottish Government to introduce a legal framework to regulate their official operation, in a similar manner to needle and syringe programmes, by demonstrating that the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 does not make it illegal to allow someone to consume controlled drugs on a premises. It started operating in September 2020. Scottish Labour has since adopted a policy in favour of drug decriminalisation. Coronavirus pandemic In May 2021, amid a spike in COVID-19 cases, Sweeney raised the idea of partitioning levels of public health restrictions within Glasgow, using the River Clyde as a boundary between the north and south of the city. Belt and Road Initiative Sweeney is a critic of the Belt and Road Initiative, describing it as having an "ulterior motive" of "recycling chronic domestic Chinese trade surpluses into an external loan sharking scheme, creating a sphere of debt-fuelled dependence and influence across the global south." after China took ownership of Entebbe International Airport from Uganda after they defaulted on loans from the scheme to expand the airport. Outside politics Sweeney has an interest in built heritage and architectural issues in Glasgow. He is a director of the Glasgow City Heritage Trust, a member of Glasgow Building Preservation Trust and has led walks as part of Glasgow Doors Open Days Festival for several years. Sweeney was also involved in the restoration of the historic former Govan shipyard head offices into the Fairfield Heritage Centre in 2014, for which he won an award, and the restoration of the 'Light and Life' sculpture on the former headquarters building of the Scottish Co-operative Wholesale Society in the Kingston district of Glasgow in 2016. In 2021, he became a trustee of The Egyptian Halls SCIO, a Scottish Civic Trust project to save the Alexander 'Greek' Thomson masterpiece. After campaigning against the demolition of Springburn Public Halls in 2012, he founded the Springburn Winter Gardens Trust, which is working to restore the nearby historic glasshouse in Springburn Park. An £8 million restoration programme by Collective Architecture to convert the building into a major events and performance venue was unveiled by the Trust in October 2020. In February 2019, the Daily Record reported that an unnamed Scottish MP had made a formal complaint that Scottish Conservative MP Ross Thomson had groped them in Strangers' Bar in October 2018, in the wake of a similar incident that was alleged to have occurred earlier that month. The Daily Mail named Sweeney as the complainant in November 2019, leading to the chairman of Thomson's local Conservative Association refusing to sign the nomination papers to allow him to stand as a Conservative candidate for Aberdeen South in the December 2019 general election. Thomson's former civil partner also came forward to cite similar instances of behaviour. The Times reported in February 2020 that the investigation had been widened to include a further allegation of a similar nature. In July 2020, Sweeney branded the investigation process "shambolic" and "not fit for purpose". In October 2020, the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards ruled that the allegation of sexual assault was not upheld by the available evidence. The Commissioner found there was evidence Thomson put his arms around Sweeney and inappropriately invaded his personal space while drunk but ruled there was insufficient evidence to prove beyond reasonable doubt that this behaviour was sexual in nature. It has since been reported that Sweeney is appealing the ruling. References External links Personal website 1989 births Living people Scottish people of Irish descent People educated at Turnbull High School Alumni of the University of Glasgow Alumni of the University of Stirling Scottish Labour MPs BAE Systems people UK MPs 2017–2019 Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Glasgow constituencies People from Bishopbriggs People from Springburn Springburn Labour MSPs Members of the Scottish Parliament for Glasgow constituencies Members of the Scottish Parliament 2021–2026 Royal Regiment of Scotland soldiers

<mask> FIES (; born 16 January 1989) is a Scottish politician. A member of the Scottish Labour and Co-operative Party, he currently serves as Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Glasgow region in the 6th Scottish Parliament, elected in May 2021. He previously served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Glasgow North East in the 57th Parliament of the United Kingdom, from 2017 to 2019. <mask> studied at the University of Stirling and University of Glasgow before working in shipbuilding and serving in the British Armed Forces within the Army Reserve. He was elected as Member of Parliament for Glasgow North East at the 2017 general election, after which he was appointed Shadow Minister for Scotland by Jeremy Corbyn. <mask> lost his seat at the 2019 general election but was selected as a candidate on the Glasgow regional list for the 2021 Scottish Parliament election and was initially appointed as Shadow Minister for Trade, Investment and Innovation during the election campaign in March 2021, later being appointed as Shadow Minister for Employment and Public Finance after the election in May 2021. Early life and education <mask> was born at Stobhill Hospital in Glasgow on 16 January 1989 to <mask> (née Doherty), a bank clerk and <mask>, a shipyard worker.The elder of two brothers, he was brought up in Auchinairn, and Milton. <mask> attended St. Matthew's Primary School and Turnbull High School in Bishopbriggs. The first and only member of his family to attend university, <mask> studied at the University of Stirling, gaining a Certificate of Higher Education with Distinction in Economics and Political Science, before continuing his degree at the University of Glasgow, where he graduated with a first class MA (Hons) in Economic History and Political Science in 2011, achieving the prize for best joint honours performance in Economic History, including a research project on the post-war economic development of Yarrow Shipbuilders, the Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company and Upper Clyde Shipbuilders. At university he also became involved in debating with the Glasgow University Dialectic Society, of which he is an honorary life member. He served as a trustee on the Glasgow University Union's board of management from 2013 to 2020. Early career At the age of seventeen, <mask> joined the Army Reserve, initially serving in the Royal Corps of Signals with 32 Signal Regiment, before transferring to 52nd Lowland, 6th Battalion of the Royal Regiment of Scotland at Walcheren Barracks. After undertaking an internship with BAE Systems at Portsmouth Naval Base as an undergraduate, <mask> joined the company's graduate development programme with BAE Systems Maritime – Naval Ships in 2011, based at the Govan and Scotstoun shipyards on the Clyde, where he undertook a series of roles in production engineering and shipbuilding operations management on the Type 45 destroyer, and Type 26 frigate programmes, including co-authoring a 2014 publication on the construction programme for the Type 45 destroyer.Whilst at BAE Systems, <mask> also initiated a project with the Glasgow School of Art's Digital Design Studio to introduce virtual reality methods into complex naval ship design and construction. At the end of 2015, <mask> joined the national economic development agency Scottish Enterprise as a senior executive, working with the leadership of companies across the defence, marine, shipbuilding, aerospace and engineering sectors based in Scotland. In April 2016, he was elected as a Council Member and Fellow of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland (IESIS). Political activism <mask> joined the Labour Party and Co-operative Party in 2008 and first became an active campaigner during the 2009 Glasgow North East by-election, after receiving a telephone call from Sarah Brown encouraging him to get involved. While working in the shipyards he joined the Unite and GMB trade unions, later joining PCS whilst at Scottish Enterprise. He is also on the executive committee of the Scottish Fabian Society and a member of Open Labour, Momentum and Campaign for Socialism. <mask> came to prominence during the 2014 Scottish independence referendum, after he organised an open letter signed by young shipyard workers opposing the break-up of the UK, and subsequently spoke at a rally alongside Gordon Brown on the eve of the referendum.<mask>'s first experience of standing as an election candidate was in the 2016 Scottish Parliament election, where he placed twelfth on the Scottish Labour Party's regional list for West Scotland. Parliamentary career 2017 election At the 2017 general election he stood for Glasgow North East where a 12% swing to Labour led to him defeating Anne McLaughlin of the SNP by just 242 votes, overturning a 25% majority of 9,222 in an unexpected result, having not even prepared a victory speech. McLaughlin had taken the seat from the previous MP, William Bain of the Labour Party at the 2015 general election, and she had been elected with a 39% swing; which was the largest swing at the 2015 general election seen anywhere in the UK. The seat and its predecessors had previously been held by Labour MPs continuously since George Hardie, brother of the Labour Party's founder Keir Hardie, was elected for Glasgow Springburn in 1935. MP for Glasgow North East On 3 July 2017, he was appointed by Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn as the Shadow Under-Secretary of State for Scotland. He made his maiden speech to the House of Commons on 13 July 2017, during which he expressed his opposition to Conservative austerity policies that had led to a fall in living standards. During the 2017 Scottish Labour leadership election, <mask> endorsed Richard Leonard, who was ultimately the successful candidate, having previously worked with him to co-author Scottish Labour's industrial strategy in 2016.In an interview with Ewen MacAskill of The Guardian shortly after his election, he described himself as being on the soft left of the party. Parliamentary expenses In 2019, he was cited as the least expensive MP in Scotland by the Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority, including: constituency office costs and staff salaries, as well as London accommodation rent and travel costs. 2019 election <mask> lost his seat to the previous Scottish National Party MP Anne McLaughlin, at the 2019 general election with a marginal majority of 2,458 votes on a 4% swing, the closest result in Glasgow. After losing his seat, he went on to work on Angela Rayner's successful campaign in the 2020 Labour Party deputy leadership election. He later described the experience of losing his seat as, “The most spectacular sacking in recent Glasgow history. I was the only scalp in Glasgow that night. It was a fairly unpleasant experience.It's almost like a public execution. It's got a grim voyeurism to it. It's one of the few examples in society where people losing their jobs is treated like a blood sport.” 2021 Scottish Parliament election On the one year anniversary of his defeat, <mask> announced that he intended to stand as a Labour Party list candidate for the Glasgow region in the 2021 Scottish Parliament election. In February 2021, it was announced by LabourList that he had placed third on Scottish Labour's regional list for Glasgow, with the second highest number of votes cast by party members in the ballot, after Anas Sarwar. The regional list rankings are alternated by gender according to the party's positive action policy. After winning the 2021 Scottish Labour leadership election, Sarwar appointed <mask> as Shadow Minister for Trade, Investment and Innovation. <mask> was elected as an MSP for the Glasgow region in the 6th Scottish Parliament on 8 May 2021.MSP for Glasgow On 13 May 2021, <mask> took an oath of allegiance confirming his place in the Scottish Parliament as MSP for the Glasgow region. He was appointed as Shadow Minister for Employment and Public Finance on 31 May 2021. He is a member of the Scottish Parliament's Delegated Powers and Law Reform Committee and Public Petitions Committee. Political views and campaigns Social security <mask>'s initial campaigns in Parliament included opposition to the closure and merger of seven Jobcentre Plus sites in Glasgow by the Department for Work and Pensions and challenging cuts to social security benefits for those with disabilities during the transition from the Disability Living Allowance to the Personal Independence Payment. He also campaigned for justice on behalf of hundreds of local residents in Balornock impacted by mis-selling of The Green Deal home energy improvement scheme. Facing unemployment and no income during the COVID-19 pandemic, <mask> revealed he had begun applying for Universal Credit in May 2020, saying "The reality is, the majority of Scots are working class – if they stopped earning a salary, within two months they'd be in financial difficulties. However prestigious or seemingly privileged you are in terms of your work or identity, you're never far away from that.If more of us realised how close we are to that peril, maybe the social security system wouldn't be so punitive." He later wrote an article describing his experiences of life on social security in December 2020, stating "I will admit that I’ve occasionally had suicidal thoughts in my darker moments over the last few months." He also called for Universal Credit to be converted into a Universal Basic Income system, "A good start would be to use the simplified Universal Credit system as a universal leveller, enhancing it further to provide a guaranteed and dignified level of minimum income for all those who need it. The changes made to the system at the start of lockdown show that lives can be improved with a few lines of code added to the system to remove the onerous system of surveillance, restrictions, and sanctions." Asylum and immigration In November 2018, he won 'Best Scot at Westminster' in the annual Scottish Politician of the Year awards. This was partly in recognition of his lobbying of the Home Secretary and Prime Minister in asylum seeker rights cases such as that of Giorgi Kakava, a ten-year-old orphan who had been threatened with deportation following the death of his mother, the Kamil family who had been left without status for 18 years, teenage brothers Somer and Areeb Umeed Bakhsh, who were also supported by the Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn during a visit to Possilpark in August 2018, and trafficking victim Duc Nguyen. <mask> was also a leader of a campaign to prevent Home Office contractor Serco evicting hundreds of asylum seekers from their accommodation across Glasgow, including a call for direct action to prevent evictions, stating "They’ve denied us the chance to raise this in Parliament by announcing this policy over recess.So without the ability to actually advocate for my constituents in Parliament, if necessary we’ll take direct action to picket and to occupy these properties to prevent evictions." He also committed Labour to ending unlimited immigration detention in prison-like facilities, including Dungavel. He has supported women's asylum seeker support charity Saheliya in a dispute over their purchase of the historic former office building at the St. Rollox railway works in Springburn from Tesco. Glasgow has the highest population of asylum seekers and refugees in the UK. In May 2021, the Home Office arrested two men in Pollokshields leading to a mass protest surrounding the immigration enforcement van. <mask> addressed the protest and called for Glaswegians to join the picket in support of the detained men. In December 2021, he launched a campaign to extend the Scottish National Entitlement Card eligibility for free bus travel to all asylum seekers resident in Scotland, arguing that the vast majority were fleeing wars and persecution, but until their applications are determined they are not allowed to work, are subject to "no recourse to public funds" visa restrictions and are forced to live in "slum-like" accommodation, with just over £5 a day to live on.Armed forces and veterans <mask> voiced his concern to the Prime Minister, Theresa May about British participation in the April 2018 missile strikes against Syria, calling for an “internationally policed no-fly zone" over Syria to stop the regime bombing its own population. In the wake of a series of veteran suicides in the summer of 2018, including from his former regiment, <mask> criticised the British Army and Ministry of Defence for inadequate mental health support for former soldiers, and a lack of sufficient records to establish the scale of the problem, accusing them of ‘passing the buck’ to overstretched military charities like Combat Stress. In 2019, he began a campaign with the Royal British Legion and Earl Haig Fund Scotland, backed by the Daily Record, calling on the UK Government to abolish immigration fees in the Immigration Act 2014 and Armed Forces immigration requirements as set out in the Immigration Act 1971, in order to allow over 6,000 personnel currently serving in the British Armed Forces from foreign and Commonwealth countries the free right to British citizenship, including the Brigade of Gurkhas. He served on the public bill committee that successfully oversaw the passage of the Armed Forces (Flexible Working) Act 2018 into legislation. <mask> also successfully campaigned to restore the Highland Light Infantry memorial in Kelvingrove Park after it was vandalised in February 2019. Appointed as Scottish Labour’s armed forces and veterans spokesman after his election as an MSP, <mask> has been critical of the decision in the Ministry of Defence's 2021 Defence in a Competitive Age command paper to transfer the historic Royal Scots Borderers battalion from the Royal Regiment of Scotland into the new Ranger Regiment, losing its identity as a Scottish infantry unit, while cutting the size of the Black Watch battalion and also reducing the regiment's pipe bands. Urban regeneration A long-standing campaigner on urban regeneration issues in Glasgow and supporter of a land value tax, <mask> raised concerns about the future of the city's historic buildings in the wake of the second Glasgow School of Art fire in June 2018, calling for an independent public inquiry into the circumstances of the disaster, whilst calling for the iconic building's full restoration, along with the neighbouring O2 ABC venue.He has also campaigned to restore historic Charles Rennie Mackintosh villas in Balgrayhill, to renovate David Hamilton's Mosesfield House in Springburn Park, where George Johnston built the first motor car in Britain, and saved the historic Provan Gasometers from demolition by their owners SGN, securing a listing protection by Historic Environment Scotland on appeal. He has proposed that the former St Enoch railway station clock, featured in the 1981 film Gregory's Girl, be returned to Glasgow from the Antonine Centre in Cumbernauld for installation in Queen Street railway station as part of its refurbishment. <mask> has campaigned for the compulsory purchase and demolition of the long-abandoned Talisman pub in Springburn, and successfully lobbied for a grant funding scheme to restore historic shop fronts along Saracen Street in Possilpark. He also objected to the proposed private redevelopment of the former Ruchill Hospital as inappropriate. In October 2018, he exposed a multi-million-pound scrap metal theft scandal at disused buildings in the grounds of Stobhill Hospital, later securing the commitment of NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde to restore and illuminate the clock tower at the site, which is a prominent local landmark. In 2019 he proposed that the infamous Barlinnie Prison be saved from demolition and converted into a prison museum after it was announced that it is due to be closed by the Scottish Prison Service in 2025. In the wake of an arson attack on the historic St. Simon's Church at Partick in July 2021, he called on the Archdiocese of Glasgow to restore the building rather than demolishing it, and has also opposed the proposed demolition of the nearby Partick Baptist Church by the Baptist Union of Scotland.In December 2021, <mask> called on Glasgow City Council planners to create a new pedestrian and cycle embankment along a former railway line at Partick Central railway station running along the River Kelvin between the Riverside Museum and Kelvingrove Park, in a similar style to Manhattan's High Line. In September 2021, after revealing major structural defects with two concrete viaducts carrying the north flank of the M8 Glasgow Inner Ring Road at Woodside, that will cost millions of pounds to repair, <mask> wrote a letter to Patrick Harvie, Minister for Active Travel stating, "it is my opinion the project to restore the crumbling Woodside Viaducts - an ugly concrete megastructure completed in 1971 after the mass demolition and displacement of the surrounding communities - is ill thought through and, in the year of COP 26, constitutes a colossal waste of taxpayers’ money." He has requested that the Scottish Government consider alternative infrastructure schemes, citing international New Urbanism examples of freeway removal, such as Boston's Big Dig, Octavia Boulevard in San Francisco, the Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement in Seattle, Cheonggyecheon in Seoul, Voie Georges-Pompidou in Paris and proposals for the Gardiner Expressway in Toronto. A public petition to the Scottish Parliament has since been launched, campaigning for alternatives to renewing the M8 motorway through central Glasgow. Public transport infrastructure A founding member of the ‘Get Glasgow Moving’ campaign in 2016, <mask> called for the protection of the proposed route of the Glasgow Crossrail project on the former City of Glasgow Union Railway line from encroachment by residential developers on a site east of the High Street, at Collegelands and has advocated using the Glasgow City Deal to finance the delivery of the long-awaited Glasgow Airport Rail Link, as well for Glasgow Airport itself to be brought back under the city's municipal ownership. He criticised Glasgow City Council leader Susan Aitken for supporting a downgraded option to use a people mover system to the airport, instead of light rail that would be integrated with the main Paisley Gilmour Street railway station and the wider city region rail network. The Glasgow Connectivity Commission, published in April 2019, endorsed the light rail option as part of a wider Glasgow Metro network, which was supported by <mask>, who called for greater regional powers to deliver the project.<mask> has called for the extension of High Speed 2 north from Manchester to Glasgow, serving on the public bill committee that approved the High Speed Rail (West Midlands – Crewe) Act 2021. He also campaigned against persistent bus service cuts in the city by First Glasgow, calling for the bus system to be returned to public ownership and regulation, as Strathclyde Buses was. Local government <mask> has frequently spoken out against a series of cuts to local public amenities by Glasgow City Council, including the controversial closure of the People's Palace in January 2019, and supporting community-led campaigns against the closure of Whitehill Swimming Pool in Dennistoun, as well as the city's six municipal golf courses. He also spoke out against the closure of local bank branches, post offices and credit unions, as well as to remove car parking charges at Glasgow Royal Infirmary for staff. He supports a local tourist tax to help fund public services in Glasgow. During the COVID-19 pandemic, he led calls for Glasgow City Council to abolish a 1996 by-law that bans drinking in the city's public parks and other outdoor spaces, and to licence family-orientated beer gardens in the main parks to raise money for the city. <mask> also tabled a parliamentary motion in support of a Radio Clyde campaign to install safety lighting on key routes in Glasgow's parks at night, in the wake of an incident during the COP 26 summit in November 2021, when road closures for a world leaders reception at Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum led to local residents being sent on lengthy detours though a darkened Kelvingrove Park.Industrial policy In December 2018, the planned closure of the last railway engineering works in Springburn, the St. Rollox ‘Caley’ Railway Works in July 2019 was announced by its German owner Mutares, despite the site running at a profit, with the loss of over 200 jobs. <mask> led a campaign against the closure in concert with the Unite and RMT trade unions, lobbying both the UK and Scottish Governments to renationalise the works, and putting forward several proposals to save the site from closure, even including a plan to commission the restoration of the Springburn-built South African Class GMAM ‘Springbok’ steam locomotive, in storage at Summerlee, Museum of Scottish Industrial Life in Coatbridge, and raising the matter at Theresa May's final Prime Minister's Questions. He joined workers at the site for a rally as the final shift walked out after 163 years, on 26 July 2019. As a GMB MP he supported local Asda workers campaigning against a forced downgrade to their employment contracts and has been involved in negotiations to prevent the closure of the Tesco supermarket in Parkhead. <mask> also lobbied the Minister for Disabled People with the Community trade union to secure the protected places scheme at the Royal Strathclyde Blindcraft Industries in Springburn, saving over 100 jobs at the site in 2018. In August 2017, he assisted traders affected by a major fire at the Blochairn Fruit & Fish Market, the largest wholesale market in Scotland, turning over £250 million worth of produce a year. As vice-chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Shipbuilding and Ship Repair, he frequently raised matters of concern about Ministry of Defence's National Shipbuilding Strategy, co-authoring a report that was published in May 2019.He called for greater investment in improvements to the Clyde's shipyard infrastructure, a long-term continuous shipbuilding programme from Defence Equipment and Support, condemned delays to Type 31 frigate procurement, and played a leading role in the Confederation of Shipbuilding and Engineering Unions’ campaign that successfully secured a commitment from the Ministry of Defence that the Royal Fleet Auxiliary's planned Fleet Solid Support Ships are built in British shipyards. He has also questioned the commitment of Peel Ports to investment in the Firth of Clyde's Inchgreen Dry Dock due to their interest in Cammell Laird, and called for a more effective Scottish Government approach to securing the future of the troubled Ferguson Marine in Port Glasgow, criticising Caledonian Maritime Assets for their hostile approach to procuring ferries with the shipyard. As an MSP, he has raised concerns about the Scottish Government's guarantees and loans to Sanjeev Gupta's Liberty House Group, which acquired the Lochaber hydroelectric scheme and aluminium smelter in 2016, along with the Dalzell and Clydebridge Steelworks in 2017, with a potential exposure to the government of over half a billion pounds after the failure of its main financial backer, Greensill Capital in March 2021. <mask> led a debate at Holyrood in calling for the First Minister to support the campaign to save the McVitie's biscuit factory in Tollcross from closure after its Turkish owner, Pladis announced a plan to cease production at the site by the end of 2022, threatening 500 jobs. He also criticised Associated British Foods in July 2021 for announcing a cut of 70 jobs out of a workforce of around 90 at their Milton bakery in the north of the city. Brexit <mask> campaigned for the UK to remain as a member state of the European Union during the 2016 referendum. As an MP, he was a prominent supporter of the Labour campaign for a confirmatory public vote on the terms of the Brexit withdrawal agreement, voting for that option along with staying in the Customs Union and Single Market during the Parliamentary votes on Brexit, as well as supporting the continuation of freedom of movement for workers.In leaked WhatsApp messages, the "soft Brexit" position taken by Scottish Labour in its 2019 European Parliament election campaign was criticised by <mask>, who wrote, "If it's like this then it's a bad misjudgement and I'm having nothing to do with it... Let's hope the NEC [National Executive Committee] kill this bullshit line." Scottish Labour lost both its seats, receiving 9.3% of the vote and coming fifth behind the SNP, Brexit Party, Scottish Liberal Democrats and Scottish Conservatives respectively. In the aftermath, Scottish Labour leader Richard Leonard accepted responsibility and said he would endorse remaining in the European Union. He was also one of 78 Parliamentarians who challenged the five-week prorogation of Parliament by Prime Minister Boris Johnson in the Court of Session. The case, together with a case brought in England and Wales by Gina Miller, was ultimately successful in the Supreme Court, resulting in the quashing of the prorogation on 24 September 2019. UK constitutional reform Although not in favour of Scottish independence, <mask> has consistently called for major reform to make the UK a federal state, including greater self-government for the Greater Glasgow city region, replacing the House of Lords with an elected Senate, and electoral reform to introduce proportional representation as a member of the Labour Campaign for Electoral Reform. He has suggested that any future independence referendum should not be a binary vote as in 2014, but instead take the form of a multi-option referendum.Education reform <mask> has called for all private schools in Scotland to be stripped of their charitable status and integrated with the state sector, saying in 2019: “Not only should these private businesses catering to elitist attitudes towards education not be the privileged beneficiaries of tax breaks for perfunctory charity work, but all private schools should be brought, en masse, into the state sector. We should take the grubby pound sign out of British education altogether and open it up to everyone to have access because at the moment it is not available to 93% of people.” The policy of private school integration was later adopted at the 2019 Labour Party Conference. Drug reform A supporter of drug policy reform whilst an MP, in March 2020 <mask> announced that he was supporting activist Peter Krykant in his efforts to open an unsanctioned supervised overdose prevention site in Glasgow in an effort to persuade the Lord Advocate and Scottish Government to introduce a legal framework to regulate their official operation, in a similar manner to needle and syringe programmes, by demonstrating that the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 does not make it illegal to allow someone to consume controlled drugs on a premises. It started operating in September 2020. Scottish Labour has since adopted a policy in favour of drug decriminalisation. Coronavirus pandemic In May 2021, amid a spike in COVID-19 cases, <mask> raised the idea of partitioning levels of public health restrictions within Glasgow, using the River Clyde as a boundary between the north and south of the city. Belt and Road Initiative <mask> is a critic of the Belt and Road Initiative, describing it as having an "ulterior motive" of "recycling chronic domestic Chinese trade surpluses into an external loan sharking scheme, creating a sphere of debt-fuelled dependence and influence across the global south."after China took ownership of Entebbe International Airport from Uganda after they defaulted on loans from the scheme to expand the airport. Outside politics <mask> has an interest in built heritage and architectural issues in Glasgow. He is a director of the Glasgow City Heritage Trust, a member of Glasgow Building Preservation Trust and has led walks as part of Glasgow Doors Open Days Festival for several years. <mask> was also involved in the restoration of the historic former Govan shipyard head offices into the Fairfield Heritage Centre in 2014, for which he won an award, and the restoration of the 'Light and Life' sculpture on the former headquarters building of the Scottish Co-operative Wholesale Society in the Kingston district of Glasgow in 2016. In 2021, he became a trustee of The Egyptian Halls SCIO, a Scottish Civic Trust project to save the Alexander 'Greek' Thomson masterpiece. After campaigning against the demolition of Springburn Public Halls in 2012, he founded the Springburn Winter Gardens Trust, which is working to restore the nearby historic glasshouse in Springburn Park. An £8 million restoration programme by Collective Architecture to convert the building into a major events and performance venue was unveiled by the Trust in October 2020.In February 2019, the Daily Record reported that an unnamed Scottish MP had made a formal complaint that Scottish Conservative MP Ross Thomson had groped them in Strangers' Bar in October 2018, in the wake of a similar incident that was alleged to have occurred earlier that month. The Daily Mail named <mask> as the complainant in November 2019, leading to the chairman of Thomson's local Conservative Association refusing to sign the nomination papers to allow him to stand as a Conservative candidate for Aberdeen South in the December 2019 general election. Thomson's former civil partner also came forward to cite similar instances of behaviour. The Times reported in February 2020 that the investigation had been widened to include a further allegation of a similar nature. In July 2020, <mask> branded the investigation process "shambolic" and "not fit for purpose". In October 2020, the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards ruled that the allegation of sexual assault was not upheld by the available evidence. The Commissioner found there was evidence Thomson put his arms around <mask> and inappropriately invaded his personal space while drunk but ruled there was insufficient evidence to prove beyond reasonable doubt that this behaviour was sexual in nature.It has since been reported that <mask> is appealing the ruling. References External links Personal website 1989 births Living people Scottish people of Irish descent People educated at Turnbull High School Alumni of the University of Glasgow Alumni of the University of Stirling Scottish Labour MPs BAE Systems people UK MPs 2017–2019 Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Glasgow constituencies People from Bishopbriggs People from Springburn Springburn Labour MSPs Members of the Scottish Parliament for Glasgow constituencies Members of the Scottish Parliament 2021–2026 Royal Regiment of Scotland soldiers

A Scottish politician is <mask> FIES. He was elected as a Member of the Scottish Parliament for the Glasgow region in the 6th Scottish Parliament in May 2021. He was a Member of Parliament for Glasgow North East in the 57th Parliament of the United Kingdom. After graduating from the University of Glasgow, <mask> worked in shipbuilding and served in the British Army Reserve. He was appointed Shadow Minister for Scotland after he was elected Member of Parliament for Glasgow North East. After losing his seat at the general election, <mask> was selected as a candidate on the Glasgow regional list for the Scottish Parliament election in 2021. <mask> was born at Stobhill Hospital in Glasgow on January 16, 1989 to <mask> and <mask>, a bank clerk and shipyard worker, respectively.He was the elder of two brothers. <mask> attended two schools in Bishopbriggs. <mask>, the first and only member of his family to attend university, obtained a Certificate of Higher Education with distinction in Economics and Political Science at the University of Stirling, before continuing his degree at the University of Glasgow, where he obtained a first class MA in Economic History. He is a life member of the Glasgow University Dialectic Society. He was a Trustee on the Glasgow University Union's board of management. <mask> joined the Army Reserve at the age of seventeen and served in the Royal Corps of Signals and the 52nd Lowland, 6th Battalion of the Royal Regiment of Scotland. <mask> joined the company's graduate development programme at the Govan and Scotstoun shipyards in 2011.<mask> started a project with the Glasgow School of Art's Digital Design Studio to introduce virtual reality methods into naval ship design and construction. At the end of 2015, <mask> joined the national economic development agency Scottish Enterprise as a senior executive, working with the leadership of companies across the defence, marine, shipbuilding, aerospace and engineering sectors based in Scotland. He was elected as a Council Member and Fellow of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland. After receiving a telephone call from Sarah Brown encouraging him to get involved in politics, <mask> joined the Labour Party and Co-operative Party. He joined the unions after working in the shipyards. He is on the executive committee of the Scottish Fabian Society. <mask> came to prominence during the Scottish independence referendum, after he organised an open letter signed by young shipyard workers opposing the break-up of the UK, and then spoke at a rally alongside Gordon Brown on the eve of the referendum.In the 2016 Scottish Parliament election, <mask> placed twelfth on the Scottish Labour Party's regional list for West Scotland. He stood for the Glasgow North East seat in the general election in which a 12% swing to Labour led to him defeating Anne McLaughlin of the SNP in an unexpected result. At the 2015 general election, McLaughlin was elected with a 39% swing, which was the largest swing at a general election in the UK. The seat has been held by Labour MPs continuously since George Hardie was elected for Glasgow Springburn in 1935. He was appointed as the Shadow Under-Secretary of State for Scotland on July 3, 2017. He made his maiden speech to the House of Commons on 13 July 2017: he expressed his opposition to Conservative austerity policies that had led to a fall in living standards. <mask> co-authored Scottish Labour's industrial strategy in 2016 with Richard Leonard, who was the successful candidate in the Scottish Labour leadership election.In an interview with Ewen MacAskill of The Guardian shortly after his election, he described himself as being on the soft left of the party. According to the Independent Parliamentary Standards Authority, he was the least expensive Member of Parliament in Scotland in 2019. <mask> lost his seat to Anne McLaughlin of the Scottish National Party on a 4% swing in the general election, which was the closest result in Glasgow. He worked on the campaign for the Labour Party deputy leadership election after losing his seat. He described the experience of losing his seat as the most spectacular in recent Glasgow history. I was the only person in Glasgow. It was not pleasant.It is almost like a public execution. It has a voyeurism to it. On the one year anniversary of his defeat, <mask> announced that he intended to stand as a Labour Party list candidate for the Glasgow region in the Scottish Parliament election. In February 2021, it was announced by LabourList that he had placed third on Scottish Labour's regional list for Glasgow, with the second highest number of votes cast by party members. The regional list rankings are based on the party's positive action policy. <mask> was appointed Shadow Minister for Trade, Investment and Innovation after winning the Scottish Labour leadership election. In the 6th Scottish Parliament, <mask> was elected as an MSP for the Glasgow region.On 13 May 2021, <mask> took an oath of allegiance to confirm his place in the Scottish Parliament. He was the Shadow Minister for Employment and Public Finance. He is on the Scottish Parliament's Public Petitions Committee. <mask>'s initial campaigns in Parliament included opposition to the closure and merger of seven Jobcentre Plus sites in Glasgow by the Department for Work and Pensions and challenging cuts to social security benefits for those with disabilities during the transition from the Disability Living Allowance to the Personal Independence Allowance. Hundreds of local residents in Balornock were impacted by the mis-selling of The Green Deal home energy improvement scheme. <mask> said the majority of Scots would be in financial difficulties if they stopped earning a salary within two months. You're never far away from that even if you're prestigious or well-off.Maybe the social security system wouldn't be so punishing if more of us realized how close we are to that danger. He wrote an article about his experiences on social security in December 2020, stating that he had had suicidal thoughts over the last few months. The simplified Universal Credit system should be used as a universal leveller to provide a guaranteed and dignified level of minimum income for all those who need it. With a few lines of code added to the system, lives can be improved with a few lines of code removed from the system. He won the Scottish Politician of the Year award in November for his work on asylum and immigration. His lobbying of the Home Secretary and the Prime Minister in asylum seekers rights cases such as that of a ten-year-old orphan who had been threatened with deportation following the death of his mother, was partly responsible for this. A leader of the campaign to prevent Serco evicting hundreds of asylum seekers from their homes in Glasgow, <mask> stated that they had been denied the chance to raise the issue in Parliament.If necessary, we will take direct action to picket and occupy these properties in order to prevent evictions. Labour will end unlimited immigration detaining in prison-like facilities. He supports a charity that supports women's asylum seekers in a dispute over the purchase of a historic building. Glasgow has the highest number of refugees in the UK. The Home Office arrested two men in Pollokshields in May of 2021. <mask> called for people to join the picket in support of the men. In December 2021, he launched a campaign to extend the Scottish National Entitlement Card eligibility for free bus travel to all asylum seekers resident in Scotland, arguing that the vast majority were fleeing wars and persecution, but until their applications are determined they are not allowed to work.<mask> voiced his concern to the Prime Minister about British participation in the missile strikes against Syria, calling for an "internationally policed no-fly zone" over Syria to stop the regime bombing its own population. In the wake of a series of veteran suicides in the summer of 2018, <mask> criticized the British Army and Ministry of Defence for inadequate mental health support for former soldiers, and a lack of sufficient records to establish the scale of the problem. He started a campaign with the Royal British Legion and Earl Haig Fund Scotland, backed by the Daily Record, calling on the UK Government to abolish immigration fees in order to allow over 6,000 personnel currently serving in the armed forces to do so. He was a member of the public bill committee that oversaw the passage of the armed forces act. The Highland Light Infantry memorial was vandalised in February of 2019. Appointed as Scottish Labour's armed forces and veterans spokesman after his election as an MSP, <mask> has been critical of the decision in the Ministry of Defence's 2021 Defence in a Competitive Age command paper to transfer the historic Royal Scots Borderers battalion from the Royal Regiment of Scotland into In the wake of the second Glasgow School of Art fire in June of last year, <mask> called for an independent public inquiry into the circumstances of the fire.He was able to save the historic Provan Gasometers from being demolished by their owners SGN by campaigning to restore the historic Charles Rennie Mackintosh villas in Balgrayhill. The clock featured in the film Gregory's Girl should be returned to Glasgow from the Antonine Centre in Cumbernauld in order to be installed in Queen Street railway station. <mask> has been campaigning for the compulsory purchase and demolition of the long-abandoned Talisman pub in Springburn, as well as successfully lobbying for a grant funding scheme to restore historic shop fronts. He objected to the private development of the former hospital. In October of last year, he exposed a multi-million-pound scrap metal theft scandal at old buildings in the grounds of Stobhill Hospital, later securing the commitment of the health board to restore and illuminate the clock tower, which is a prominent local landmark. He proposed that the Barlinnie Prison be saved from demolition and turned into a prison museum after it was announced that it would be closing in five years. In the wake of an attack on the historic St. Simon's Church at Partick in July 2021, he called on the Archdiocese of Glasgow to restore the building rather than demolishing it, and has also opposed the proposed demolition of the nearby Partick Baptist Church by the Baptist Union of Scotland.In December 2021, <mask> called on Glasgow City Council planners to create a new pedestrian and cycle embankment along a former railway line at Partick Central railway station in a similar style to Manhattan's High Line. <mask> wrote a letter to Patrick Harvie, Minister for Active Travel, stating that it was his opinion that the project would cost millions of pounds to repair. He requested that the Scottish Government consider alternative infrastructure schemes, citing international New Urbanism examples of freeway removal, such as Boston's Big Dig and the Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement in Seattle. A public petition to the Scottish Parliament has been started, campaigning for alternatives to renewing the M8 motorway through central Glasgow. <mask> advocated for the protection of the proposed route of the Glasgow Crossrail project on the former City of Glasgow Union Railway line from encroachment by residential developers on a site east of the High Street. He criticized the leader of Glasgow City Council, Susan Aitken, for supporting an option to use a people mover system to the airport, instead of light rail that would be integrated with the main Paisley Gilmour Street railway station and the wider city region rail network. The light rail option as part of a wider Glasgow Metro network was supported by <mask>, who called for greater regional powers to deliver the project.<mask> was a member of the public bill committee that approved the High Speed Rail Act, which called for the extension of High Speed 2 from Manchester to Glasgow. He called for the bus system to be returned to public ownership and regulation, as Strathclyde Buses was. <mask> has spoken out against a number of cuts to local public amenities by Glasgow City Council, including the controversial closing of the People's Palace in January 2019. He spoke out against the closing of local bank branches, post offices and credit unions, as well as the removal of car parking charges at Glasgow Royal Infirmary for staff. He supports a tourist tax in Glasgow. He led calls for Glasgow City Council to repeal a 1996 by-law that banned drinking in the city's public parks and other outdoor spaces, and to licence family-orientated beer gardens in the main parks to raise money for the city. <mask> tabled a parliamentary motion in support of a Radio Clyde campaign to install safety lighting on key routes in Glasgow's parks at night in the wake of an incident during the COP 26 summit in November 2021.In December of last year it was announced that the last railway engineering works in Springburn would be closed in July of this year, with the loss of over 200 jobs. In order to save the site from closing, <mask> led a campaign with the help of the Unite and the RMT trade unions, lobbying both the UK and Scottish Governments to renationalize the works, as well as putting forward a plan to commission the restoration of the Springburn-built South He was at the site for a rally as the final shift walked out after 163 years. He has been involved in negotiations to prevent the closing of the Tesco supermarket in Parkhead, as a result of his support for local Asda workers campaigning against a forced downgrade to their employment contracts. The protected places scheme at the Royal Strathclyde Blindcraft Industries in Springburn was saved by <mask> and the Minister for Disabled People with the Community trade union. The Blochairn Fruit & Fish Market, the largest wholesale market in Scotland, turned over over £250 million worth of produce a year after he helped traders affected by a major fire. As vice-chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for shipbuilding and ship repair, he frequently raised concerns about the Ministry of Defence's National Shipbuilding Strategy, co-authoring a report that was published in May 2019.He called for improvements to the shipyard infrastructure, a long-term continuous shipbuilding programme from Defence Equipment and Support, and a leading role in the Confederation of Shipbuilding and Engineering Unions' campaign that secured a commitment from the government. He called for a more effective Scottish Government approach to securing the future of the troubled Ferguson Marine in Port Glasgow and questioned the commitment of Peel Ports to investment in the Firth of Clyde's Inchgreen Dry Dock due to their interest in Cammell Laird. He has raised concerns about the Scottish Government's guarantees and loans to Sanjeev Gupta's Liberty House Group, which acquired the Lochaber hydroelectric scheme and aluminium smelter in 2016 along with the Dalzell and Clydebridge Steelworks, with a potential exposure to the government. The debate at Holyrood called for the First Minister to support the campaign to save the McVitie's biscuit factory in Tollcross from closing after its Turkish owner announced a plan to cease production by the end of 2022, threatening 500 jobs. He criticized Associated British Foods for cutting 70 jobs out of a workforce of 90 at their bakery in the north of the city. During the 2016 referendum, <mask> advocated for the UK to remain in the EU. He was a prominent supporter of the Labour campaign for a confirmatory public vote on the terms of the divorce agreement, voting for that option along with staying in the Customs Union and Single Market during the Parliamentary votes on the deal."If it's like this then it's a bad misjudgement and I'm having nothing to do with it," <mask> wrote in a leaked message. Scottish Labour lost both of its seats, receiving 9.3% of the vote and coming fifth behind the Scottish Liberal Democrats and Scottish Conservatives. Richard Leonard said he would endorse remaining in the European Union. He was one of 78 Parliamentarians who challenged the five-week prorogation of Parliament. The case was successful in the Supreme Court and resulted in the quashing of the prorogation on September 24, 2019. Although not in favor of Scottish independence, <mask> has consistently called for major reform to make the UK a federal state, including greater self-government for the Greater Glasgow city region. He believes that a multi-option referendum is the best way to go for a future independence referendum.All private schools in Scotland should be stripped of their charitable status and integrated with the state sector according to <mask>. The policy of private school integration was adopted at the Labour Party Conference. In March 2020 <mask> announced that he was supporting activist Peter Krykant in his efforts to open an unsanctioned supervised overdose prevention site in Glasgow in an effort to persuade the Lord Advocate and Scottish Government to introduce a legal framework to regulate their drug policy. It began operating in September 2020. Scottish Labour supports drug decriminalisation. <mask> raised the idea of dividing public health restrictions between the north and south of the city after a spike in COVID-19 cases. The Belt and Road Initiative has an "ulterior motive" of "recycling chronic domestic Chinese trade surpluses into an external loan sharking scheme", according to <mask>.The airport was taken over by China after they failed to repay loans to expand the airport. Glasgow has an interest in built heritage and architectural issues. He is a director of the Glasgow City Heritage Trust and a member of the Glasgow Building Preservation Trust. <mask> won an award for his work on the restoration of the former Govan shipyard head offices into the Fairfield Heritage Centre and the restoration of the 'Light and Life' sculpture on the former headquarters building of the Scottish Co-operative Wholesale Society. He became a Trustee of The Egyptian Halls SCIO in order to save the Alexander 'Greek' Thomson masterpiece. He founded the Springburn Winter Gardens Trust after campaigning against the demolition of Springburn Public Halls. An £8 million restoration programme by Collective Architecture to convert the building into a major events and performance venue was unveiled by the Trust in October 2020.The Daily Record reported in February that an unnamed Scottish MP had made a formal complaint that Scottish Conservative MP Ross Thomson had groped them in October of last year. The chairman of Thomson's local Conservative Association refused to sign the nomination papers for <mask> to stand as a Conservative candidate for Aberdeen South in the general election because he was named as the complaint by the Daily Mail. Similar instances of behavior were cited by Thomson's former civil partner. In February 2020, The Times reported that the investigation had been widened to include a further allegation of a similar nature. The investigation process was branded "shambolic" by <mask> in July 2020. The allegation of sexual assault was not upheld by the available evidence, according to the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards. There was evidence that Thomson put his arms around <mask> and invaded his personal space while drunk, but there was not enough evidence to prove it was sexual in nature.According to reports, <mask> is appealing the ruling. Scottish people of Irish descent, alumni of the University of Glasgow, and members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Glasgow are listed.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret%20Fountaine

Margaret Fountaine

Margaret Elizabeth Fountaine (16 May 1862 – 21 April 1940), was a Victorian lepidopterist (a person interested in butterflies and moths), natural history illustrator, diarist, and traveller who published in The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation. She is also known for her personal diaries, which were edited into two volumes by W.F. Cater for the popular market and published posthumously. Fountaine was an accomplished natural history illustrator and had a great love and knowledge of butterflies, travelling and collecting extensively through Europe, South Africa, India, Tibet, America, Australia and the West Indies, publishing numerous papers on her work. She raised many of the butterflies from eggs or caterpillars, producing specimens of great quality, 22,000 of which are housed at the Norwich Castle Museum and known as the Fountaine-Neimy Collection. Her four sketch books of butterfly life-cycles are held at the Natural History Museum in London. The butterfly genus Fountainea was named in her honour. Early life Fountaine was born in Norwich, the eldest of seven children of an English country clergyman, Reverend John Fountaine of South Acre parish in Norfolk. John Fountaine had married Mary Isabella Lee (died 4 July 1906) on 19 January 1860 – she was the daughter of Reverend Daniel Henry Lee-Warner of Walsingham Abbey in Norfolk. Fountain was baptised on 30 September 1862. After Fountaine's father's death in 1877, the family moved to Eaton Grange in Norwich. On 15 April 1878, Fountaine, who was educated at home, began keeping a diary and she did this until her death in 1940. Scientific practice Fountaine travelled the world, collecting butterflies in sixty countries on six continents over fifty years, and became an expert in tropical butterfly life-cycles. Fountaine undertook most of her work collecting butterflies alone. In the summers she would return to England to arrange her collection of butterflies. Fountaine compiled reports and drawings of the butterflies she found and sent them to entomological journals. However, many of her discoveries of tropical butterflies were not written up. At the age of 27, Fountaine and her sisters became financially independent, having inherited a considerable sum of money from their uncle. Fountaine and her sister travelled to France and Switzerland, relying on the Tourist Handbook by Thomas Cook & Son. In Switzerland Fountaine felt the desire to acquire specimens of the Scarce Swallowtail and Camberwell Beauty butterflies, when discovering them in the valleys. Her interest in serious entomology grew and she started to use the Linnean rather than the common names for butterflies in her diary. Back in England, in the winter of 1895, she visited the estate of Henry John Elwes. Elwes was a seasoned scientific traveller and had served as vice-president of the Royal Horticultural Society and was fellow of the Royal Society. His butterfly specimen collection was the largest private collection in the country, and Fountaine felt her entomological efforts were childish in comparison. Inspired, she travelled to Sicily with declared entomological ambitions. She was the first British butterfly collector to brave the south Italian Brigande. In Sicily she contacted the leading lepidopterist Signor Enrico Ragusa and her research in Sicily led to her first publication on the subject in The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation in 1897. In the article she shared original knowledge of the local habitats and the butterfly varieties of Sicily. Her article was discussed in subsequent issues of The Entomologist. In 1897 several of her specimens were admitted to the British Museum's collection, which only accepted specimens of extraordinary quality. Following her expedition to Sicily Fountaine became a reputable collector and she formed professional relations with lepidopterists in the Natural History Department of the British Museum. In 1898 she travelled to Trieste, and meet entomologists in Hungary and Austria and Germany. Her second article in The Entomologist was on species variation. In 1899 she went on an expedition to the French Alps, where she met up with Elwes, whose reference book on European butterflies she used. Fountaine started to collect caterpillars in the French Alps, which she breed to produce adult butterfly specimens. In subsequent articles in The Entomologist, she wrote on food plants, plant hosts and the environmental conditions that were needed to grow perfect butterfly specimens. Back in Britain she was praised by Elwes for the quality of her work and her collection. In her diary she wrote "yet I know that if I did not turn my long days of toil to some scientific account when I got the chance, for what else have I toiled?". In 1898 she was elected as a fellow to the Royal Entomological Society and participated in the meetings. In her diaries she noted "I well know, of my being the sole representative of my sex present, with the exception of one lady visitor." In the summer of 1900 she and Elwes collected butterflies in Greece and they published an account of their findings in The Entomologist. She cooperated with Elwes on his Grecian Lepidoptera exhibition. The money she had inherited from her uncle allowed her to travel extensively and expand her collection. It is however difficult to establish exact dates for her scientific expeditions, as she travelled mostly without a passport and did not record dates of arrival or departure in her diary. Between 1901 and her death in 1940 a number of important expeditions can nevertheless be established. In 1901 she went on an expedition to Syria and Palestine which led to a publication in The Entomologist. In the article she discussed the breeding of rare butterfly species. In Syria she hired the dragoman Khalil Neimy, who would become her travel companion. In 1903 she went on expedition to Asia Minor and she returned to Constantinople with nearly 1,000 butterflies. Her articles in The Entomologist on the expedition discussed seasonal and geographical influences on butterfly species, prompting notes and letters on the subject in subsequent issues. In 1904 and 1905 she was on scientific expeditions in South Africa and Rhodesia. There she wrote and illustrated sketch books to document eggs, caterpillars and chrysalises. Norman Riley, who went on to become the head of the Entomology Department at the British Museum, said "these sketchbooks were most beautifully done and illustrated the metamorphosis of many species which had not been previously known to science". Her research on the life cycles, food plants and seasonal timings of skin and colour changes was published in Transactions of the Entomological Society. This highly scientific article was reviewed and praised by entomologists. When she was back in London Fountaine set her African specimens. Subsequently, she went on expedition in the United States, Central America and the Caribbean. In Kingston, Jamaica she held a talk at the Kingston Naturalists' Club on "The sagacity of caterpillars". The scientific societies of Britain had historically excluded women. Like the Royal Entomological Society, the Botanical Society of London and Zoological Society only admitted women in the first half of the 19th century. But when Fountaine attended the Second International Congress of Entomology held in Oxford in 1912, she was invited by Edward Poulton, president of the Linnean Society, to formally join the society. This marked the height of her entomological career. 15 years earlier Beatrix Potter had been unable to attend a reading of her own paper at the society, because she was a woman. The botanist Marian Farquharson had petitioned learned societies to admit women. Farquharson's petition prompted members of the Linnean Society to put the matter to a vote in 1903. Female fellows were allowed, and in 1904 a ballot was taken on 15 prospective women fellows. In the run-up to World War I Fountaine was on expedition in India, Ceylon, Nepal and Tibet. On the trip she produced watercolours of caterpillars and butterflies, which were published in The Entomologist. During the war Fountaine travelled to the US, and in 1917 published articles on her collection while volunteering for the Red Cross. In 1918 she ran out of money because she could not get her money wired to the USA. Thus she accepted paid work on specimens from the Ward's Natural Science Establishment. After the war Fountaine's last entomological expedition was to Khalil in the Philippines. An account of the expedition was published in The Entomologist and would 50 years later serve as a reference for conservation work. Fountaine was in her mid-sixties, and while she continued to travel for expeditions, she focused her efforts on watercolours and collecting. She only published the occasional note on the expeditions in The Entomologist. She travelled to West and East Africa, Indo-China, Hong Kong, the Malay States, Brazil, the West Indies and Trinidad. Her letters to Riley reveal that she was on the hunt for rare specimens. Aged 77 she suffered a heart attack in Trinidad. Reportedly she was found dead on a path on Mount St. Benedict, with a butterfly net in her hand. The Benedictine monk who discovered her, Brother Bruno, brought her body back to Pax Guest House, where she was staying at the time. She was buried in an unmarked grave at Woodbrook Cemetery, Port of Spain, Trinidad. It was after her death that she acquired general fame, when her collection and diaries were unsealed. After her death her literary and artistic talent for drawing butterflies became known more widely. She left large collection of scientifically accurate watercolours to the British Museum of Natural History. Butterfly collection Fountaine's extensive butterfly collection was only opened 38 years after her death. In accordance with her will it had been deposited at Norwich Castle Museum in the year of her death. She had also provided that the collection was only to be opened in 1978. A box and ten display cases with more than 22,000 specimens had been deposited. Diaries In the box that was unsealed alongside her butterfly collection were Fountaine's diaries. She had filled twelve large volumes of cloth-bound books with some 3,203 pages and more than a million words, displaying a blend of Victorian reserve and startling candour. The diaries were edited by the assistant editor of the Sunday Times W. F. Cater into two books, published under the titles Love among the Butterflies and Butterflies and Late Loves. Cater had produced an abridged 340 page version of her diaries, for the popular market. Fountaine's scientific work and career was reduced to her activities as a collector of butterflies. Cater compiled a selection of passages on romance and travel, while the work of collecting, breeding and mounting specimens got short shrift. The former senior curator of Natural History at the Norwich Castle Museum, Dr Tony Irwin had announced the existence of the diaries, and started to promote Fountaine's romantic life above her entomological contribution. He was of the opinion that her butterfly collection was "not outstanding" and said of her that "she was a girl in love" who "sought refuge in the pursuit of butterflies". A recent biography of Fountaine by Natascha Scott-Stokes draws a similar picture, condemning Fountaine as globetrotting "obscure lady amateur". During Fountaine's lifetime entomology was very fashionable among the affluent in Britain, and natural history societies were well attended. Naturalist publications were no longer produced only by elite scientists. A popular scientific publication was Emma Hutchinson's 1879 book "Entomology and Botany as Pursuits for Ladies", which encouraged women to study butterflies instead of just collecting them. Natural history was particularly popular among women in the Victorian era. Far from being eccentric, Fountaine's work as entomologist followed in the footsteps of Victorian amateur women scientists. A survey of The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation reveals that all editions, except the 1917 and the 1925 edition, have article contributions from women. However, Fountaine's membership of learned societies was pioneering. In 1910 the Royal Entomological Society only had six female fellows. Legacy and eponyms In 1971 A. H. B. Rydon named the butterfly genus Fountainea in Fountaine's honour. Kenneth J. Morton named the Odonata species Ischnura fountainei in Fountain's honour after she collected the type specimen of the species. Fountaine's illustrations of African flora and fauna were featured in the 2019 Natural History Museum exhibition, Expeditions and Endeavours. Her illustrations have also been featured in the Natural History Museum 2014 publication, Women Artists: Images of Nature by Andrea Hart. Bibliography Fountaine, M. E. 1897. Notes on the butterflies of Sicily. Entomologist 30: 4–11. Fountaine, M. E. 1898. Two seasons among the butterflies of Hungary and Austria. Entomologist 31: 281–289. Fountaine, M. E. 1902. Butterfly hunting in Greece in the year 1900. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 14: 29–35, 54–57. Fountaine, M. E. 1902. A few notes on some of the butterflies of Syria and Palestine. Entomologist 35: 60–63, 97–101. Fountaine, M. E. 1904. A “Butterfly Summer” in Asia Minor. Entomologist 37: 79–84, 105–108, 135–137, 157–159, 184–186. Fountaine, M. E. 1907. A few notes on some of the Corsican butterflies. Entomologist 40: 100–103. Fountaine, M. E. 1911. An autumn morning in the Alleghany Mountains. Entomologist 44: 14–15. Fountaine, M. E. 1911. IV. Descriptions of some hitherto unknown, or little known, larvae and pupae of South African Rhopalocera, with notes on their life-histories. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 59(1): 48–61. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1911.tb03076.x Fountaine, M. E. 1911. Note on the roosting habits of Heliconia charitonia. Entomologist 44(583): 403–404): 403–404. Fountaine, M. E. 1911. Remarkable aberration of Terias elathea. Entomologist 44(575): 153–154. Fountaine, M. E. 1913. Five month's butterfly collecting in Costa Rica in the summer of 1911. Entomologist 46(601, 602): 189–195, 214–219. Fountaine, M. E. 1915. XIV. Notes on the life history of Papilio demolion, Cram. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 62(3‐4): 456–458. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1915.tb02986.x Fountaine, M. E. 1917. A list of butterflies taken in the neighbourhood of Los Angeles, California. Entomologist 50: 154–156. Fountaine, M. E. 1921. Pyrameis gonerilla in New Zealand. Entomologist 54: 238–239 Fountaine, M. E. 1925–1926. Amongst the Rhopalocera of the Philippines. Entomologist 58–59: 235–239, 263–265 (1925); 9–11, 31–34, 53–57 (1926). Fountaine, M. E. 1938. Rapid development of a tropical butterfly. Entomologist 71: 90 References External links Norwich Castle Museum: Fountaine-Neimy Butterfly Collection Linda Hall Library Scientist of the Day – Margaret Fountaine 1862 births 1940 deaths People from Norwich English lepidopterists British entomologists Women entomologists Scientific illustrators British women biologists People from Norfolk Women of the Victorian era

<mask> (16 May 1862 – 21 April 1940), was a Victorian lepidopterist (a person interested in butterflies and moths), natural history illustrator, diarist, and traveller who published in The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation. She is also known for her personal diaries, which were edited into two volumes by W.F. Cater for the popular market and published posthumously. Fountaine was an accomplished natural history illustrator and had a great love and knowledge of butterflies, travelling and collecting extensively through Europe, South Africa, India, Tibet, America, Australia and the West Indies, publishing numerous papers on her work. She raised many of the butterflies from eggs or caterpillars, producing specimens of great quality, 22,000 of which are housed at the Norwich Castle Museum and known as the Fountaine-Neimy Collection. Her four sketch books of butterfly life-cycles are held at the Natural History Museum in London. The butterfly genus Fountainea was named in her honour.Early life <mask> was born in Norwich, the eldest of seven children of an English country clergyman, Reverend <mask> of South Acre parish in Norfolk. <mask> had married Mary Isabella Lee (died 4 July 1906) on 19 January 1860 – she was the daughter of Reverend Daniel Henry Lee-Warner of Walsingham Abbey in Norfolk. Fountain was baptised on 30 September 1862. After <mask>'s father's death in 1877, the family moved to Eaton Grange in Norwich. On 15 April 1878, <mask>, who was educated at home, began keeping a diary and she did this until her death in 1940. Scientific practice Fountaine travelled the world, collecting butterflies in sixty countries on six continents over fifty years, and became an expert in tropical butterfly life-cycles. Fountaine undertook most of her work collecting butterflies alone.In the summers she would return to England to arrange her collection of butterflies. Fountaine compiled reports and drawings of the butterflies she found and sent them to entomological journals. However, many of her discoveries of tropical butterflies were not written up. At the age of 27, Fountaine and her sisters became financially independent, having inherited a considerable sum of money from their uncle. Fountaine and her sister travelled to France and Switzerland, relying on the Tourist Handbook by Thomas Cook & Son. In Switzerland Fountaine felt the desire to acquire specimens of the Scarce Swallowtail and Camberwell Beauty butterflies, when discovering them in the valleys. Her interest in serious entomology grew and she started to use the Linnean rather than the common names for butterflies in her diary.Back in England, in the winter of 1895, she visited the estate of Henry John Elwes. Elwes was a seasoned scientific traveller and had served as vice-president of the Royal Horticultural Society and was fellow of the Royal Society. His butterfly specimen collection was the largest private collection in the country, and Fountaine felt her entomological efforts were childish in comparison. Inspired, she travelled to Sicily with declared entomological ambitions. She was the first British butterfly collector to brave the south Italian Brigande. In Sicily she contacted the leading lepidopterist Signor Enrico Ragusa and her research in Sicily led to her first publication on the subject in The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation in 1897. In the article she shared original knowledge of the local habitats and the butterfly varieties of Sicily.Her article was discussed in subsequent issues of The Entomologist. In 1897 several of her specimens were admitted to the British Museum's collection, which only accepted specimens of extraordinary quality. Following her expedition to Sicily Fountaine became a reputable collector and she formed professional relations with lepidopterists in the Natural History Department of the British Museum. In 1898 she travelled to Trieste, and meet entomologists in Hungary and Austria and Germany. Her second article in The Entomologist was on species variation. In 1899 she went on an expedition to the French Alps, where she met up with Elwes, whose reference book on European butterflies she used. Fountaine started to collect caterpillars in the French Alps, which she breed to produce adult butterfly specimens.In subsequent articles in The Entomologist, she wrote on food plants, plant hosts and the environmental conditions that were needed to grow perfect butterfly specimens. Back in Britain she was praised by Elwes for the quality of her work and her collection. In her diary she wrote "yet I know that if I did not turn my long days of toil to some scientific account when I got the chance, for what else have I toiled?". In 1898 she was elected as a fellow to the Royal Entomological Society and participated in the meetings. In her diaries she noted "I well know, of my being the sole representative of my sex present, with the exception of one lady visitor." In the summer of 1900 she and Elwes collected butterflies in Greece and they published an account of their findings in The Entomologist. She cooperated with Elwes on his Grecian Lepidoptera exhibition.The money she had inherited from her uncle allowed her to travel extensively and expand her collection. It is however difficult to establish exact dates for her scientific expeditions, as she travelled mostly without a passport and did not record dates of arrival or departure in her diary. Between 1901 and her death in 1940 a number of important expeditions can nevertheless be established. In 1901 she went on an expedition to Syria and Palestine which led to a publication in The Entomologist. In the article she discussed the breeding of rare butterfly species. In Syria she hired the dragoman Khalil Neimy, who would become her travel companion. In 1903 she went on expedition to Asia Minor and she returned to Constantinople with nearly 1,000 butterflies.Her articles in The Entomologist on the expedition discussed seasonal and geographical influences on butterfly species, prompting notes and letters on the subject in subsequent issues. In 1904 and 1905 she was on scientific expeditions in South Africa and Rhodesia. There she wrote and illustrated sketch books to document eggs, caterpillars and chrysalises. Norman Riley, who went on to become the head of the Entomology Department at the British Museum, said "these sketchbooks were most beautifully done and illustrated the metamorphosis of many species which had not been previously known to science". Her research on the life cycles, food plants and seasonal timings of skin and colour changes was published in Transactions of the Entomological Society. This highly scientific article was reviewed and praised by entomologists. When she was back in London Fountaine set her African specimens.Subsequently, she went on expedition in the United States, Central America and the Caribbean. In Kingston, Jamaica she held a talk at the Kingston Naturalists' Club on "The sagacity of caterpillars". The scientific societies of Britain had historically excluded women. Like the Royal Entomological Society, the Botanical Society of London and Zoological Society only admitted women in the first half of the 19th century. But when Fountaine attended the Second International Congress of Entomology held in Oxford in 1912, she was invited by Edward Poulton, president of the Linnean Society, to formally join the society. This marked the height of her entomological career. 15 years earlier Beatrix Potter had been unable to attend a reading of her own paper at the society, because she was a woman.The botanist Marian Farquharson had petitioned learned societies to admit women. Farquharson's petition prompted members of the Linnean Society to put the matter to a vote in 1903. Female fellows were allowed, and in 1904 a ballot was taken on 15 prospective women fellows. In the run-up to World War I Fountaine was on expedition in India, Ceylon, Nepal and Tibet. On the trip she produced watercolours of caterpillars and butterflies, which were published in The Entomologist. During the war Fountaine travelled to the US, and in 1917 published articles on her collection while volunteering for the Red Cross. In 1918 she ran out of money because she could not get her money wired to the USA.Thus she accepted paid work on specimens from the Ward's Natural Science Establishment. After the war <mask>'s last entomological expedition was to Khalil in the Philippines. An account of the expedition was published in The Entomologist and would 50 years later serve as a reference for conservation work. Fountaine was in her mid-sixties, and while she continued to travel for expeditions, she focused her efforts on watercolours and collecting. She only published the occasional note on the expeditions in The Entomologist. She travelled to West and East Africa, Indo-China, Hong Kong, the Malay States, Brazil, the West Indies and Trinidad. Her letters to Riley reveal that she was on the hunt for rare specimens.Aged 77 she suffered a heart attack in Trinidad. Reportedly she was found dead on a path on Mount St. Benedict, with a butterfly net in her hand. The Benedictine monk who discovered her, Brother Bruno, brought her body back to Pax Guest House, where she was staying at the time. She was buried in an unmarked grave at Woodbrook Cemetery, Port of Spain, Trinidad. It was after her death that she acquired general fame, when her collection and diaries were unsealed. After her death her literary and artistic talent for drawing butterflies became known more widely. She left large collection of scientifically accurate watercolours to the British Museum of Natural History.Butterfly collection Fountaine's extensive butterfly collection was only opened 38 years after her death. In accordance with her will it had been deposited at Norwich Castle Museum in the year of her death. She had also provided that the collection was only to be opened in 1978. A box and ten display cases with more than 22,000 specimens had been deposited. Diaries In the box that was unsealed alongside her butterfly collection were Fountaine's diaries. She had filled twelve large volumes of cloth-bound books with some 3,203 pages and more than a million words, displaying a blend of Victorian reserve and startling candour. The diaries were edited by the assistant editor of the Sunday Times W. F. Cater into two books, published under the titles Love among the Butterflies and Butterflies and Late Loves.Cater had produced an abridged 340 page version of her diaries, for the popular market. Fountaine's scientific work and career was reduced to her activities as a collector of butterflies. Cater compiled a selection of passages on romance and travel, while the work of collecting, breeding and mounting specimens got short shrift. The former senior curator of Natural History at the Norwich Castle Museum, Dr Tony Irwin had announced the existence of the diaries, and started to promote Fountaine's romantic life above her entomological contribution. He was of the opinion that her butterfly collection was "not outstanding" and said of her that "she was a girl in love" who "sought refuge in the pursuit of butterflies". A recent biography of <mask> by Natascha Scott-Stokes draws a similar picture, condemning Fountaine as globetrotting "obscure lady amateur". During <mask>'s lifetime entomology was very fashionable among the affluent in Britain, and natural history societies were well attended.Naturalist publications were no longer produced only by elite scientists. A popular scientific publication was Emma Hutchinson's 1879 book "Entomology and Botany as Pursuits for Ladies", which encouraged women to study butterflies instead of just collecting them. Natural history was particularly popular among women in the Victorian era. Far from being eccentric, Fountaine's work as entomologist followed in the footsteps of Victorian amateur women scientists. A survey of The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation reveals that all editions, except the 1917 and the 1925 edition, have article contributions from women. However, Fountaine's membership of learned societies was pioneering. In 1910 the Royal Entomological Society only had six female fellows.Legacy and eponyms In 1971 A. H. B. Rydon named the butterfly genus Fountainea in <mask>'s honour. Kenneth J. Morton named the Odonata species Ischnura fountainei in Fountain's honour after she collected the type specimen of the species. <mask>'s illustrations of African flora and fauna were featured in the 2019 Natural History Museum exhibition, Expeditions and Endeavours. Her illustrations have also been featured in the Natural History Museum 2014 publication, Women Artists: Images of Nature by Andrea Hart. Bibliography <mask>, M. E. 1897. Notes on the butterflies of Sicily. Entomologist 30: 4–11.<mask>, M. E. 1898. Two seasons among the butterflies of Hungary and Austria. Entomologist 31: 281–289. <mask>, M. E. 1902. Butterfly hunting in Greece in the year 1900. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 14: 29–35, 54–57. <mask>, M. E. 1902.A few notes on some of the butterflies of Syria and Palestine. Entomologist 35: 60–63, 97–101. <mask>, M. E. 1904. A “Butterfly Summer” in Asia Minor. Entomologist 37: 79–84, 105–108, 135–137, 157–159, 184–186. <mask>, M. E. 1907. A few notes on some of the Corsican butterflies.Entomologist 40: 100–103. <mask>, M. E. 1911. An autumn morning in the Alleghany Mountains. Entomologist 44: 14–15. <mask>, M. E. 1911. IV. Descriptions of some hitherto unknown, or little known, larvae and pupae of South African Rhopalocera, with notes on their life-histories.Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 59(1): 48–61. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1911.tb03076.x <mask>, M. E. 1911. Note on the roosting habits of Heliconia charitonia. Entomologist 44(583): 403–404): 403–404. <mask>, M. E. 1911. Remarkable aberration of Terias elathea. Entomologist 44(575): 153–154.<mask>, M. E. 1913. Five month's butterfly collecting in Costa Rica in the summer of 1911. Entomologist 46(601, 602): 189–195, 214–219. <mask>, M. E. 1915. XIV. Notes on the life history of Papilio demolion, Cram. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 62(3‐4): 456–458.https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1915.tb02986.x <mask>, M. E. 1917. A list of butterflies taken in the neighbourhood of Los Angeles, California. Entomologist 50: 154–156. <mask>, M. E. 1921. Pyrameis gonerilla in New Zealand. Entomologist 54: 238–239 <mask>, M. E. 1925–1926. Amongst the Rhopalocera of the Philippines.Entomologist 58–59: 235–239, 263–265 (1925); 9–11, 31–34, 53–57 (1926). Fountaine, M. E. 1938. Rapid development of a tropical butterfly. Entomologist 71: 90 References External links Norwich Castle Museum: Fountaine-Neimy Butterfly Collection Linda Hall Library Scientist of the Day – <mask>e 1862 births 1940 deaths People from Norwich English lepidopterists British entomologists Women entomologists Scientific illustrators British women biologists People from Norfolk Women of the Victorian era

<mask> was a Victorian lepidopterist, natural history illustrator, diarist, and traveller who published in The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation. Her personal diaries were edited into two volumes by W.F. The cater was published posthumously. Fountaine was an accomplished natural history illustrator and had a great love and knowledge of butterflies, travelling and collecting extensively through Europe, South Africa, India, Tibet, America, Australia and the West Indies, publishing numerous papers on her work. She raised many of the butterflies from eggs or caterpillars, producing specimen of great quality, 22,000 of which are housed at theNorwich Castle Museum and known as the <mask>y Collection. The Natural History Museum in London has four sketch books of butterfly life-cycles. The butterfly was named after her.Reverend <mask> of South Acre parish in Norfolk was the eldest child of seven children. The daughter of Reverend Daniel Henry Lee-Warner was married to <mask> on January 19, 1860. Fountain was christened on September 30, 1862. The family moved to Norfolk after Fountaine's father died. Fountaine kept a diary until her death in 1940, after she was educated at home. Scientific practice Fountaine traveled the world, collecting butterflies in sixty countries on six continents over fifty years, and became an expert in tropical butterfly life-cycles. Fountaine collected butterflies alone.She would return to England in the summer to arrange her butterflies. Fountaine sent reports and drawings of the butterflies she found to entomological journals. Many of her discoveries were not written about. Fountaine and her sisters became financially independent at the age of 27 after their uncle died. The Tourist Handbook by Thomas Cook & Son was used by Fountaine and her sister. Fountaine wanted to acquire butterflies from the valleys when he was in Switzerland. She started using the Linnean instead of the common names for butterflies in her diary because of her interest in serious entomology.She visited the estate of Henry John Elwes in the winter of 1895. Elwes was a fellow of the Royal Society and served as vice-president of the Royal Horticultural Society. His butterfly specimen collection was the largest private collection in the country, and Fountaine felt her entomological efforts were childish. She traveled to Sicily with her sights set on becoming an entomologist. She was the first British butterfly collector. Her research in Sicily led to her first publication in 1897 in The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation. She shared her knowledge of the local habitats and butterfly varieties of Sicily.Subsequent issues of The Entomologist discussed her article. Several of her specimen were admitted to the British Museum's collection in 1897. Fountaine formed professional relations with lepidopterists in the Natural History Department of the British Museum after her expedition to Sicily. She met entomologists in Hungary and Austria in 1898. She wrote on species variation in The Entomologist. She met up with Elwes, who wrote a reference book on European butterflies, after she went on an expedition to the French Alps. Fountaine started to collect butterflies in the French Alps.She wrote about food plants, plant hosts and the environment that were needed to grow perfect butterfly specimen in The Entomologist. She was praised for the quality of her work by Elwes in Britain. She wrote "yet I know that if I did not turn my long days of toil to some scientific account when I got the chance, for what else have I toiled?" in her diary. She was elected a fellow of the Royal Entomological Society in 1898. She noted in her diaries that she was the sole representative of her sex present. She and Elwes published an account of their findings in The Entomologist after they collected butterflies in Greece. She worked with Elwes on his exhibition.Her uncle's money allowed her to travel extensively and expand her collection. She didn't record dates of arrival or departure in her diary, so it's difficult to know exact dates for her scientific expeditions. A number of important expeditions can be established between 1901 and 1940. The Entomologist was published in 1901 after she went on an expedition to Syria and Palestine. She talked about the breeding of rare butterfly species. She hired a dragoman in Syria to be her travel companion. She went on an expedition to Asia Minor in 1903 and returned with over 1,000 butterflies.Her articles in The Entomologist on the expedition discussed seasonal and geographical influences on butterfly species, prompting notes and letters on the subject in subsequent issues. She traveled to South Africa and Rhodesia in 1904 and 1905. There was a place where she wrote and illustrated sketch books. Norman Riley, who went on to become the head of the Entomology Department at the British Museum, said "these sketchbooks were most beautifully done and illustrated the transformation of many species which had not been previously known to science". Her research was published in the Transactions of the Entomological Society. The article was praised by entomologists. Fountaine set her African specimen when she was back in London.She traveled to the United States, Central America and the Caribbean. She spoke at the Kingston Naturalists' Club about "The sagacity of caterpillars". Women have historically been excluded from the scientific societies of Britain. The Botanical Society of London and Zoological Society only admitted women in the first half of the 19th century. At the Second International Congress of Entomology held in Oxford in 1912, <mask> was invited to join the Linnean Society. This was the peak of her career. Beatrix Potter was unable to attend a reading of her own paper because she was a woman.The learned societies were petitioned to admit women by the botanist Marian Farquharson. The Linnean Society put the matter to a vote in 1903 after Farquharson's petition. In 1904 a ballot was taken on prospective women fellows. Fountaine was on expeditions in India, Nepal, and Tibet before World War I. She published her watercolors in The Entomologist. Fountaine published articles on her collection while volunteering for the Red Cross in 1917. She ran out of money because she couldn't get her money wired to the USA.She accepted work from the Ward's Natural Science Establishment. <mask>'s last entomological expedition was to the Philippines. An account of the expedition was published in The Entomologist 50 years later. Fountaine was in her mid-sixties, and while she continued to travel for expeditions, she focused her efforts on watercolors and collecting. The occasional note on the expeditions was published by her. She went to West and East Africa, India, China, Hong Kong, the Malay States, Brazil, the West Indies and Trinidad. She was looking for rare specimen in her letters to Riley.She had a heart attack. She was found dead with a butterfly net in her hand. Her body was brought back to Pax Guest House by the Benedictine monk who discovered her. She was buried in Port of Spain, Trinidad. After her death, her collection and diaries were made public. Her artistic talent for drawing butterflies became known after her death. The British Museum of Natural History has a large collection of scientifically accurate watercolours.38 years after her death, Fountaine's extensive butterfly collection was opened. It was deposited at the museum in accordance with her will. The collection was only to be opened in 1978. A box with more than 22,000 specimen had been deposited. Fountaine's diaries were in the box with her butterfly collection. She had filled twelve large volumes of cloth-bound books with more than a million words, displaying a blend of Victorian reserve and startling candour. The diaries were edited by the assistant editor of the Sunday Times.The popular market had a 340 page version of Cater's diaries. As a collector of butterflies, Fountaine reduced her scientific work and career. The work of collecting, breeding and mounting specimen got short shrift as Cater compiled a selection of passages on romance and travel. The existence of <mask>'s diaries was announced by the former senior curator of Natural History at theNorwich Castle Museum. He thought that her butterfly collection was not outstanding and that she was a girl in love who sought refuge in the pursuit of butterflies. Fountaine was described in a recent biography as an "obscure lady amateur". Natural history societies were well attended and Fountaine's lifetime entomology was very fashionable among the affluent in Britain.elite scientists produced the publications. Emma Hutchinson's 1879 book "Entomology and Botany as Pursuits for Ladies" encouraged women to study butterflies instead of just collecting them. Women were very fond of natural history in the Victorian era. Victorian amateur women scientists followed in the footsteps of <mask>'s work as an entomologist. All editions of The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation have articles written by women. Fountaine's membership of learned societies was the first of its kind. The Royal Entomological Society only had six female fellows in 1910.The butterfly genus Fountainea was named after Fountaine. Kenneth J. Morton named the species Ischnura fountainei in honor of Fountain. The Natural History Museum featured <mask>'s illustrations of African flora and fauna. The Natural History Museum publication, Women Artists: Images of Nature, features her illustrations. Fountaine, M. E. 1897. There are notes on the butterflies of Sicily. Entomologist 30.<mask> was born in 1898. The butterflies of Hungary and Austria have two seasons. Entomologist 31 was published in 1989. <mask>, M. E. The year 1900 is when butterfly hunting took place in Greece. Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation 14: 29–35, 54–57. <mask>, M. E.Some notes on butterflies of Palestine and Syria. Entomologist 35: 60–63, 97–101. <mask> was born in 1904. There is a butterfly summer in Asia Minor. Entomologist 37: 78–84, 105–108, 135–137, 157–159. <mask> was born in 1907. There are some notes on Corsican butterflies.Entomologist 40: 100–103. <mask>, M. E. There is an autumn morning in the Alleghany Mountains. Entomologist 44: 14–15. <mask>, M. E. I. IV. Notes on the life-histories of some hitherto unknown, or little known, larvae and pupae of South African Rhopalocera can be found in the Descriptions of some hitherto unknown, or little known, larvae and pupae of South African Rhopalocera.Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. <mask>, M.E. 1911 was a writer. There are roosting habits of Heliconia charitonia. Entomologist 44(583): 403–406. <mask>, M. E. There is a remarkable aberration of Terias elathea. The entomologist had a number of insects.M. E<mask> was born in 1913. In the summer of 1911, five month's butterfly collecting took place in Costa Rica. Entomologist 46(601, 602): 189–195, 214–219. <mask> was born in 1915. XIV. There are notes on the life history of Papilio demolion. There were Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London.Fountaine, M. E. 1917. There is a list of butterflies in Los Angeles. Entomologist 50: 154–156 M. E<mask> was born in 1921. There is a plant in New Zealand. <mask>, M. E. 1925–26, was an entomologist. The Rhopalocera of the Philippines.The entomologist 58–59 was published in 1925. Fountaine, M. E. There is rapid development of a butterfly. Linda Hall Library has a scientist of the day named <mask>.

60210465

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20Pia%20Di%20Meo

Maria Pia Di Meo

Maria Pia Di Meo (born Maria Pia Tempestini, 23 September 1939) is an Italian actress and voice actress, best known for being the official voice dubber of Meryl Streep. Biography The daughter of actors Giotto Tempestini and Anna Di Meo, she began her voice actress career in 1944, when she was very young, and occasionally acted on stage together with her parents. Among the several actresses she dubbed, there are Meryl Streep, Jane Fonda, Audrey Hepburn, Julie Andrews, Julie Christie and Shirley MacLaine. Di Meo has also been very active in dubbing many animated characters, including Princess Aurora in Sleeping Beauty and Anita in One Hundred and One Dalmatians. Dubbing roles Animation Princess Aurora in Sleeping Beauty Anita Radcliffe in One Hundred and One Dalmatians Mrs. Fox in Fantastic Mr. Fox Littlefoot's mother in The Land Before Time Queen Lilian in Shrek 2 Queen Lilian in Shrek the Third Queen Lilian in Shrek Forever After Miss Kitty in An American Tail: Fievel Goes West Madame Suliman in Howl's Moving Castle Gothel in Barbie as Rapunzel Shuriki in Elena and the Secret of Avalor The Queen in Maya the Bee The Queen in Maya the Bee: The Honey Games Madame in Kiki's Delivery Service Live action Linda in The Deer Hunter Joanna Kramer in Kramer vs. Kramer Karen Blixen in Out of Africa Karen Silkwood in Silkwood Molly Gilmore in Falling in Love Madeline Ashton in Death Becomes Her Lee Wakefield Lacker in Marvin's Room Mary Fisher in She-Devil Susan Traherne in Plenty Suzanne Vale in Postcards from the Edge Francesca Johnson in The Bridges of Madison County Roberta Guaspari in Music of the Heart Blue Fairy in A.I. Artificial Intelligence Clarissa Vaughan in The Hours Susan Orlean in Adaptation Josephine Anwhistle in Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events Yolanda Johnson in A Prairie Home Companion Miranda Priestly in The Devil Wears Prada Janine Roth in Lions for Lambs Sister Aloysius Beauvier in Doubt Julia Child in Julie & Julia Margaret Thatcher in The Iron Lady Violet Weston in August: Osage County The Chief Elder in The Giver The Witch in Into the Woods Emmeline Pankhurst in Suffragette Florence Foster Jenkins in Florence Foster Jenkins Katharine Graham in The Post Aunt March in Little Women Sissi in Sissi – Fateful Years of an Empress Annemarie von Hartman in The Cardinal Janet Lagerlof in Good Neighbor Sam Marianne in The Swimming Pool Elisabeth of Austria in Ludwig Roberte Groult in Love at the Top Nadine Chevalier in That Most Important Thing: Love Margot Santorini in A Woman at Her Window Chantal Martinaud in The Inquisitor Katherine Mortenhoe in Death Watch Corie Bratter in Barefoot in the Park Barbarella in Barbarella Cat Ballou in Cat Ballou Ella Connors in Comes a Horseman Sally Hyde in Coming Home Kimberly Wells in The China Syndrome Hallie Martin in The Electric Horseman Martha Livingston in Agnes of God Brenda Morel in Youth Teddy Stanton in Fathers and Daughters Addie Moore in Our Souls at Night Fanny Brice in Funny Girl Fanny Brice in Funny Lady Dolly Levi in Hello, Dolly! Judy Maxwell in What's Up, Doc? Katie Morosky in The Way We Were Esther Hoffman Howard in A Star Is Born Yentl Mendel / Anshel Mendel in Yentl Susan Lowenstein in The Prince of Tides Rose Morgan in The Mirror Has Two Faces Roz Focker in Meet the Fockers Roz Focker in Little Fockers Princess Aouda in Around the World in 80 Days Fran Kubelik in The Apartment Irma la Douce in Irma la Douce Charity Hope Valentine in Sweet Charity Eve Rand in Being There Madame Yuvline Sousatzka in Madame Sousatzka Louisa "Ouiser" Boudreaux in Steel Magnolias Pearl Berman in Used People Tess Carlisle in Guarding Tess Ella Hirsch in In Her Shoes Coco Chanel in Coco Chanel Natasha Rostova in War and Peace Jo Stockton in Funny Face Sister Luke in The Nun's Story Holly Golightly in Breakfast at Tiffany's Regina Lampert in Charade Eliza Doolittle in My Fair Lady Nicole Bonnet in How to Steal a Million Joanna Wallace in Two for the Road Hap in Always Samoa in Samoa, Queen of the Jungle Cora in Le Mans, Shortcut to Hell Floriana in Your Vice Is a Locked Room and Only I Have the Key Luisa De Dominicis in The School Teacher in the House Nicole Molineaux in Eighteen in the Sun Francesca in Crazy Desire Mimi in The Libertine Cecilia in The Empty Canvas Dora in The Girl from Parma Anna Terzi in The Cat o' Nine Tails Claire Wilson in Ripped Off Mia in The Seventh Seal Sara in Wild Strawberries Hjördis Petterson in Brink of Life Sara in The Magician Britt-Marie in The Devil's Eye Miss Bumblebee in All These Women Alma in Persona Mary Poppins in Mary Poppins Maria von Trapp in The Sound of Music Sarah Louise Sherman in Torn Curtain Jerusha Bromley in Hawaii Judith Farrow in The Tamarind Seed Sally Miles in S.O.B. Victoria Grant / Count Victor Grezhinski Victor/Victoria Pamela Piquet in A Fine Romance Marianna in The Man Who Loved Women Julie Andrews in Unconditional Love Lily in Tooth Fairy Lara Antipova in Doctor Zhivago Clarisse Linda Montag in Fahrenheit 451 Jackie Shawn in Shampoo Betty Logan in Heaven Can Wait Phyllis Mann in Afterglow Fiona Anderson in Away from Her Donatella in Donatella Onahti in The Indian Fighter Hilda in The Trial Doriana in Wild Cats on the Beach Elena in Rice Girl Anna in Rampage Patricia Franchini in Breathless Cecile in Bonjour Tristesse Giovanna in This Kind of Love Tanya Livingston in Airport Luisa in Gang War in Naples Varinia in Spartacus Elizabeth Rambeau in This Earth Is Mine Mary Follett in All the Way Home Molly Lang in Rough Night in Jericho Caro Plantin in The Black Tulip Mrs. Ford in How to Murder Your Wife Luisa in The Dolls Arabella in Arabella Suzanna Moritz in The 25th Hour Max in Mission: Impossible Sonia Wick in Girl, Interrupted Old Briony Tallis in Atonement Merry Noel Blake in Rich and Famous Judy Tobias in The In-Laws Kate Hennings in Sweet Home Alabama Kathleen Riley in Suspect Margaret Connor in Faithful Elsa Morganthal Strauss-Armistan in Tea with Mussolini Consuelo / Altagracia Di Lorna in Musketeers of the Sea Anna Curtis in The Angry Silence Ildith in Sodom and Gomorrah Rosa Delle Rose in The Rose Tattoo Maria Montagne in The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit Catherine de' Medici in Diane Patrizia in Don't Torture a Duckling Monica Brown in The Syndicate: A Death in the Family Louise Pendrake in Little Big Man Yolande of Aragon in The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc Zhora Salome in Blade Runner Dolores in Who Framed Roger Rabbit Thetis in Clash of the Titans Granny Wendy in Hook Mrs. Farraday in Mary Reilly Alicia Clark in The Paper Melanie Daniels in The Birds Marnie Edgar in Marnie Jill Bryant in The Year of Living Dangerously Valeria in The Anonymous Venetian Ronnie Neary in Close Encounters of the Third Kind Carol in Once Upon a Time in America Truly Scrumptious in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang Carlotta in Two Weeks in Another Town Connie Walsh in House of Sand and Fog Melinda Moores in The Green Mile Irene Walsh in The Goonies Belinda Conine in Philadelphia Lillian Thurman in Donnie Darko Tina in Martian Child Headmistress in Phenomena Mrs. Gump in Forrest Gump Holly Jones in Prisoners Edwina Cutwater in All of Me Principal McGee in Grease (2002 redub) Dolores "Lolita" Haze in Lolita References External links 1939 births Living people Actresses from Rome Italian voice actresses Italian stage actresses Italian film actresses Italian television actresses Italian child actresses Italian voice directors 20th-century Italian actresses 21st-century Italian actresses

<mask> (born <mask>, 23 September 1939) is an Italian actress and voice actress, best known for being the official voice dubber of Meryl Streep. Biography The daughter of actors Giotto Tempestini and <mask>, she began her voice actress career in 1944, when she was very young, and occasionally acted on stage together with her parents. Among the several actresses she dubbed, there are Meryl Streep, Jane Fonda, Audrey Hepburn, Julie Andrews, Julie Christie and Shirley MacLaine. <mask> has also been very active in dubbing many animated characters, including Princess Aurora in Sleeping Beauty and Anita in One Hundred and One Dalmatians. Dubbing roles Animation Princess Aurora in Sleeping Beauty Anita Radcliffe in One Hundred and One Dalmatians Mrs. Fox in Fantastic Mr. Fox Littlefoot's mother in The Land Before Time Queen Lilian in Shrek 2 Queen Lilian in Shrek the Third Queen Lilian in Shrek Forever After Miss Kitty in An American Tail: Fievel Goes West Madame Suliman in Howl's Moving Castle Gothel in Barbie as Rapunzel Shuriki in Elena and the Secret of Avalor The Queen in Maya the Bee The Queen in Maya the Bee: The Honey Games Madame in Kiki's Delivery Service Live action Linda in The Deer Hunter Joanna Kramer in Kramer vs. Kramer Karen Blixen in Out of Africa Karen Silkwood in Silkwood Molly Gilmore in Falling in Love Madeline Ashton in Death Becomes Her Lee Wakefield Lacker in Marvin's Room Mary Fisher in She-Devil Susan Traherne in Plenty Suzanne Vale in Postcards from the Edge Francesca Johnson in The Bridges of Madison County Roberta Guaspari in Music of the Heart Blue Fairy in A.I. Judy Maxwell in What's Up, Doc?

<mask> is an Italian actress and voice actress who is best known for her role as the official voice dubber of Meryl Streep. Giotto and <mask>'s daughter began her voice actress career in 1944, when she was very young, and occasionally acted on stage with her parents. There are several actresses she dubbed, including Jane Fonda, Julie Christie, and Shirley MacLaine. Princess Aurora in Sleeping Beauty is one of the animated characters that <mask>o has worked on. There areubbing roles for Princess Aurora in Sleeping Beauty and Mrs. Fox in Fantastic Mr. Fox. Judy Maxwell is in What's Up, Doc?

8446957

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny%20Torres

Johnny Torres

Johnny Torres (born April 24, 1976 in Medellín, Colombia) is a Colombian-American soccer midfielder and coach who is currently the head coach of his alma mater, Creighton University. Torres has played in Major League Soccer, USL-1, and also played for the Omaha Vipers of the Major Indoor Soccer League. He has also earned caps with the U.S. Futsal team. Youth Torres was born in Medellín, Colombia, where his father and several uncles played semi-professional soccer. In 1981, when Torres was five years old, his family moved to Houston, Texas where Torres played for the local club team Houston Texans. In 1986, his family decided to return to Colombia, but Torres' youth soccer coach, Carlos Clarke, a native of Chile, offered to adopt Torres. His family agreed, and Torres was adopted by the Clarkes who lived in Dickinson, Texas. Torres would play soccer at Dickinson High School where he was a three-time USA Today high school soccer All-American. Player College After graduating from high school in 1994, Torres attended Creighton University. The Bluejays had an excellent four-year run during Torres' time with the team. The school racked up a 62–18–5 record and made four consecutive appearances in the NCAA post-season tournament. He was the 1996 Soccer America Player of the Year (for his junior season). In 1996, Torres' senior year, Creighton reached the NCAA College Cup for the first time in school history. Torres was showered with honors during his time at Creighton. He was selected as a Second Team All Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) player as a freshman. The next three years, he made the All-MVC first team. He was also a first-team All-American his junior and senior years. In 1997, he was the MCV Player of the Year, Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the MCV tournament and the Hermann Trophy winner. He is third on Creighton's career scoring list with 46 goals and is tied for second on the career assists list with 36. In 1996, during his time at Creighton, Torres became a U.S. citizen. In 2004, he was inducted into the Creighton University athletic Hall of Fame. Professional In January 1998, the New England Revolution of the Major League Soccer (MLS) selected Torres as its top draft pick (fifth overall). The Revolution had high hopes for the talented midfielder. Torres spent four years with the team, never entirely playing up to expectations. He played 88 games, starting 55, scoring only 8 goals and assisting on 14 others. In 2000, the Revolution sent him on loan to the Connecticut Wolves for one game. On August 16, 2001, the Revolution traded Torres, along with Shaker Asad, to the Miami Fusion for Leo Cullen and a 2003 first round draft choice. Torres would only play a single season for the Fusion. Miami was one of the 2 teams contracted after the 2001 season. After the Fusion folded in January 2002, Torres moved to the Milwaukee Wave of the Major Indoor Soccer League (MISL) for the 2001–2002 indoor season, which was already in play. Torres' move to MISL came about from his having played for the U.S. Futsal team in 1999 when Keith Tozer, coach of the Wave, coached the futsal team. When Tozer heard about the Fusion's collapse, he contacted Torres about moving to the MISL. At the end of the MISL season, Torres briefly returned to the MLS, playing four games with the Chicago Fire when the team was decimated with injuries in 2002. However, he left the Fire and moved to the Minnesota Thunder of the A-League, now known as the United Soccer League (USL) First Division. Torres played both the 2002 and 2003 outdoor seasons with the Thunder. While playing outdoor soccer with the Thunder, Torres also played indoor soccer with the Milwaukee Wave of the MISL. However, in May 2004, he signed with the Wave's parent organization, also known as the Milwaukee Wave. This organization fields two teams, the indoor Milwaukee Wave of the MISL and outdoor Milwaukee Wave United of the USL. This would allow Torres to play both indoor and outdoor soccer with the same organization rather than bouncing between Milwaukee and Minnesota from summer to winter. To sign Torres, the Wave United traded forward Dan Antoniuk to the San Diego Sockers for a 2005 fourth round draft pick. In 2004 Torres was named to USL All-League First Team, having scored 11 goals in 28 games with the Wave United. Torres was a member of the 2005 MISL championship Milwaukee Wave which swept the Cleveland Force in two games. He tore the MCL in his right knee during the 2005–2006 season. In 2010, he made his return to indoor soccer, with the Omaha Vipers of the MISL. International In 1997, Torres was a member of the third place team at the 1997 World University Games. Torres ended the tournament as the U.S. team's leading scorer with 5 goals. Torres has played for the U.S. Futsal team from 1999 to 2006, earning 13 caps and scoring 9 goals. He was the team leader with five goals at the 2004 FIFA Futsal World Championship. Coaching Torres returned to Creighton in 2007 as a graduate assistant under then head coach Bob Warming. Torres finished his studies at Creighton that he started during his playing career, graduating with a Bachelor's degree in Sociology in May 2008. Torres was promoted to full-time assistant in 2008, and was named interim head coach on January 26, 2011 after Jamie Clark resigned as head coach of Creighton to take the same position at the University of Washington. Eventually Creighton hired Elmar Bolowich, relieving Torres of interim head coach duties. References External links Creighton Bluejays bio 1976 births Living people American soccer players American men's futsal players Colombian emigrants to the United States Colombian expatriate footballers Colombian footballers Connecticut Wolves players Creighton Bluejays men's soccer players Creighton Bluejays men's soccer coaches Major League Soccer players New England Revolution players Miami Fusion players Chicago Fire FC players Major Indoor Soccer League (2001–2008) players Milwaukee Wave players Minnesota Thunder players Milwaukee Wave United players Footballers from Medellín USL A-League players New England Revolution draft picks American sportspeople of Colombian descent People from Dickinson, Texas All-American men's college soccer players Association football midfielders Hermann Trophy men's winners American soccer coaches

<mask> (born April 24, 1976 in Medellín, Colombia) is a Colombian-American soccer midfielder and coach who is currently the head coach of his alma mater, Creighton University. <mask> has played in Major League Soccer, USL-1, and also played for the Omaha Vipers of the Major Indoor Soccer League. He has also earned caps with the U.S. Futsal team. <mask> was born in Medellín, Colombia, where his father and several uncles played semi-professional soccer. In 1981, when <mask> was five years old, his family moved to Houston, Texas where <mask> played for the local club team Houston Texans. In 1986, his family decided to return to Colombia, but <mask>' youth soccer coach, Carlos Clarke, a native of Chile, offered to adopt <mask>. His family agreed, and <mask> was adopted by the Clarkes who lived in Dickinson, Texas.<mask> would play soccer at Dickinson High School where he was a three-time USA Today high school soccer All-American. Player College After graduating from high school in 1994, <mask> attended Creighton University. The Bluejays had an excellent four-year run during <mask>' time with the team. The school racked up a 62–18–5 record and made four consecutive appearances in the NCAA post-season tournament. He was the 1996 Soccer America Player of the Year (for his junior season). In 1996, <mask>' senior year, Creighton reached the NCAA College Cup for the first time in school history. <mask> was showered with honors during his time at Creighton.He was selected as a Second Team All Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) player as a freshman. The next three years, he made the All-MVC first team. He was also a first-team All-American his junior and senior years. In 1997, he was the MCV Player of the Year, Most Valuable Player (MVP) of the MCV tournament and the Hermann Trophy winner. He is third on Creighton's career scoring list with 46 goals and is tied for second on the career assists list with 36. In 1996, during his time at Creighton, <mask> became a U.S. citizen. In 2004, he was inducted into the Creighton University athletic Hall of Fame.Professional In January 1998, the New England Revolution of the Major League Soccer (MLS) selected <mask> as its top draft pick (fifth overall). The Revolution had high hopes for the talented midfielder. <mask> spent four years with the team, never entirely playing up to expectations. He played 88 games, starting 55, scoring only 8 goals and assisting on 14 others. In 2000, the Revolution sent him on loan to the Connecticut Wolves for one game. On August 16, 2001, the Revolution traded <mask>, along with Shaker Asad, to the Miami Fusion for Leo Cullen and a 2003 first round draft choice. <mask> would only play a single season for the Fusion.Miami was one of the 2 teams contracted after the 2001 season. After the Fusion folded in January 2002, <mask> moved to the Milwaukee Wave of the Major Indoor Soccer League (MISL) for the 2001–2002 indoor season, which was already in play. <mask>' move to MISL came about from his having played for the U.S. Futsal team in 1999 when Keith Tozer, coach of the Wave, coached the futsal team. When Tozer heard about the Fusion's collapse, he contacted <mask> about moving to the MISL. At the end of the MISL season, <mask> briefly returned to the MLS, playing four games with the Chicago Fire when the team was decimated with injuries in 2002. However, he left the Fire and moved to the Minnesota Thunder of the A-League, now known as the United Soccer League (USL) First Division. <mask> played both the 2002 and 2003 outdoor seasons with the Thunder.While playing outdoor soccer with the Thunder, <mask> also played indoor soccer with the Milwaukee Wave of the MISL. However, in May 2004, he signed with the Wave's parent organization, also known as the Milwaukee Wave. This organization fields two teams, the indoor Milwaukee Wave of the MISL and outdoor Milwaukee Wave United of the USL. This would allow <mask> to play both indoor and outdoor soccer with the same organization rather than bouncing between Milwaukee and Minnesota from summer to winter. To sign <mask>, the Wave United traded forward Dan Antoniuk to the San Diego Sockers for a 2005 fourth round draft pick. In 2004 <mask> was named to USL All-League First Team, having scored 11 goals in 28 games with the Wave United. <mask> was a member of the 2005 MISL championship Milwaukee Wave which swept the Cleveland Force in two games.He tore the MCL in his right knee during the 2005–2006 season. In 2010, he made his return to indoor soccer, with the Omaha Vipers of the MISL. International In 1997, <mask> was a member of the third place team at the 1997 World University Games. <mask> ended the tournament as the U.S. team's leading scorer with 5 goals. <mask> has played for the U.S. Futsal team from 1999 to 2006, earning 13 caps and scoring 9 goals. He was the team leader with five goals at the 2004 FIFA Futsal World Championship. Coaching <mask> returned to Creighton in 2007 as a graduate assistant under then head coach Bob Warming.<mask> finished his studies at Creighton that he started during his playing career, graduating with a Bachelor's degree in Sociology in May 2008. <mask> was promoted to full-time assistant in 2008, and was named interim head coach on January 26, 2011 after Jamie Clark resigned as head coach of Creighton to take the same position at the University of Washington. Eventually Creighton hired Elmar Bolowich, relieving <mask> of interim head coach duties. References External links Creighton Bluejays bio 1976 births Living people American soccer players American men's futsal players Colombian emigrants to the United States Colombian expatriate footballers Colombian footballers Connecticut Wolves players Creighton Bluejays men's soccer players Creighton Bluejays men's soccer coaches Major League Soccer players New England Revolution players Miami Fusion players Chicago Fire FC players Major Indoor Soccer League (2001–2008) players Milwaukee Wave players Minnesota Thunder players Milwaukee Wave United players Footballers from Medellín USL A-League players New England Revolution draft picks American sportspeople of Colombian descent People from Dickinson, Texas All-American men's college soccer players Association football midfielders Hermann Trophy men's winners American soccer coaches

The head coach of his alma mater is <mask>, who was born in Medelln, Colombia. He has played in the Major League Soccer, USL-1, and the Major Indoor Soccer League. He is a member of the U.S. Futsal team. His family DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch When <mask> was five years old, his family moved to Houston, Texas, where he played for the local club team Houston Texans. The coach of the youth soccer team offered to adopt him after his family decided to return to Colombia. He was adopted by the Clarkes who lived in Texas.He was a three-time USA Today high school soccer All-American at Dickinson High School. The player graduated from high school in 1994. The Bluejays had an excellent four-year run. The school made four consecutive appearances in the NCAA post-season tournament. He was the 1996 Soccer America Player of the Year. Creighton reached the NCAA College Cup for the first time in school history in 1996. During his time at the school, he was honored.As a freshman, he was selected as a Second Team All Missouri Valley Conference player. He made the All-MVC first team for three years. He was a first-team All-American his junior and senior years. He was the MCV Player of the Year and the Most Valuable Player of the MCV tournament in 1997. He is tied for second on the career assists list with 36 and is third on the career scoring list with 46 goals. In 1996 he became a U.S. citizen. He was a member of the athletic Hall of Fame.In January 1998, the New England Revolution of the Major League Soccer (MLS) selected <mask> as its top draft pick. The Revolution had high hopes for the player. In four years with the team, he never played up to expectations. He scored 8 goals and assisted on 14 others in 88 games. He was sent to the Connecticut Wolves by the Revolution. On August 16, 2001, the Revolution traded <mask> and Asad to the Miami Fusion for a first round draft choice. The only season that he would play was for the Fusion.After the 2001 season, Miami was one of 2 teams contracted. The Milwaukee Wave of the Major Indoor Soccer League (MISL) played the 2001– 2002 indoor season before the Fusion folded. The move to MISL was made after he played for the U.S. Futsal team in 1999. After hearing about the collapse of the Fusion, Tozer contacted <mask> about moving to the MISL. At the end of the 2002 MISL season, <mask> returned to the MLS, playing four games for the Chicago Fire. The United Soccer League (USL) First Division is where he moved after leaving the Fire. The 2002 and 2003 outdoor seasons were for the Thunder.While playing indoor soccer with the Milwaukee Wave of the MISL, he also played outdoor soccer with the Thunder. The Milwaukee Wave is the parent organization of the Wave. The organization has two teams, the indoor Milwaukee Wave of the MISL and the outdoor Milwaukee Wave United of the USL. It would allow him to play both indoor and outdoor soccer in the same organization rather than having to travel between Milwaukee and Minnesota. The San Diego Sockers traded forward Dan Antoniuk to the Wave United for a fourth round draft pick. He was named to the USL All-League First Team in 2004, having scored 11 goals in 28 games. The Milwaukee Wave swept the Cleveland Force in two games to win the 2005 MISL championship.He tore the MCL in his right knee. He returned to indoor soccer in 2010 with the Omaha Vipers. At the 1997 World University Games, he was a member of the third place team. The U.S. team's leading scorer was <mask> with 5 goals. From 1999 to 2006 he played for the U.S. Futsal team, earning 13 caps and 9 goals. He was the team leader with five goals. He was a graduate assistant under Bob Warming.In May 2008 he graduated with a Bachelor's degree in Sociology from Creighton, where he began his studies during his playing career. After Jamie Clark resigned as head coach of Creighton to take the same position at the University of Washington, <mask> was named interim head coach. The interim head coach duties were taken over by Elmar Bolowich. There are people living in the United States who play soccer, as well as expatriates who play soccer in the United States.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emi%20Palmor

Emi Palmor

Emi Palmor (Hebrew: אמי פלמור; born August 1966) is an Israeli lawyer and senior civil servant who served as the Director General of the Ministry of Justice from 1 February 2014 to September 2019. During her 24 years of civil service, she was appointed time and again by the government to Chair public committees concerning sensitive and controversial social and legal issues in Israeli society, which she led to sustainable resolutions. Palmor is recognized for applying methods of civic engagement and participation in Government processes of policy design, and for promoting a wholistic approach to public policy, focusing on prevention and education plans rather than legislation and law enforcement. Palmor is one of the first 20 members of the Facebook Oversight Board. Biography Palmor was born in Jerusalem to Holocaust survivor parents who immigrated from Romania to Israel in 1960. Her father, Eliezer, served as a diplomat at the Israeli embassies in Belgium, Norway, Argentina, Uruguay and France. Her mother, Shoshana, a concentration camp survivor from Transnistria, was a chemist and worked in a drug factory. Palmor's first name, Emi, consists of the first letters of the names of her grandmother Esther and her great grandmother Michal, who perished both in the Holocaust. She did her military service in Unit 8200 of the Israeli Intelligence Corps, between the years 1984–1986. In 1990, Palmor graduated law school from the Hebrew University and interned with Supreme court Judge Zvi Tal in the Jerusalem District Court and with Yair Golan (in the criminal field). Her brother, Yigal Palmor, is a spokesman for the Jewish Agency, who previously served as a spokesman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Professional career From 1991 to 1996, Palmor worked as a lawyer in the field of Civil Law at the law firm of Carmeli-Arnon in Jerusalem and was accepted as a partner in the firm in 1995. From 1996 to 1999, she served as a prosecutor at the State Attorney's Office Supreme Court Department in the Ministry of Justice and conducted legal proceedings in the criminal field. In 2000, Palmor was appointed Director of the Pardons department at the Ministry of Justice, a position she held for 14 years, during which she was credited with preparing the Minister of Justice's recommendation to the President. Furthermore, Palmor served on behalf of the Minister of Justice on special missions related to locating missing IDF soldiers. She was a member of the committee that dealt with the release of security prisoners to the Palestinian Authority, and through the years 2006–2011 was the only female member of the negotiation team for the release of POW a Gilad Shalit. Palmor held in addition to her role as Director of the Pardons Department the following positions: Chairman of the Eligibility Committee for Victims of Death Offenses (in cooperation with the Israel Police and the Ministry of Welfare) Chairman of the Medical Ethics Committee of the Prison Service Member of the Kanai Committee for the Amendment of the Criminal Registry Law Council member of the Prisoner Rehabilitation Authority Judge in the Disciplinary Court of Appeals of the Prison Service Director General of the Ministry of Justice On 1 February 2014, Palmor was appointed Director General of the Ministry of Justice in place of Dr. Guy Rothkopf, after being selected by the government at the suggestion of Justice Minister Tzipi Livni. Palmor's appointment was a non-political appointment, as she came from the civil service itself. She continued to serve as a non-political Director General after Ayelet Shaked was appointed Minister of Justice in May 2015. Upon taking office and under her leadership she emphasized the role and mission of the Ministry of Justice as a social service-providing ministry, advancing equality and developing better and innovative access to justice alongside its traditional roles. She led a series of organizational reforms and established new departments, units and tribunals, while developing legal services and digital platforms. On 23 July 2019, it was surprisingly announced that Palmor would end her position as director general of the Ministry of Justice. The temporary Justice Minister, Amir Ohana, has chosen to replace Palmor over Ophir Cohen, a close friend of him. Since Ohana was only a temporary appointment, it was considered a controversial decision, as this position was usually left in place as part of the professional staff of a ministry. Palmor's dismissal drew widespread criticism and the High Court of Justice has put a temporary freeze on the appointment. Eventually, Palmor ended her tenure and on September. Reforms During her tenure, Palmor initiated, led, and implemented numerous important reforms in the Ministry of Justice, the justice system, and the entire government: Led governmental initiative of social rights accessibility through "All Rights" website ("Kol Zchut"); Initiated and led the reform in the CPA training and certification; Led the reform of digital transformation of Land Registration services; Planned and implemented a five-year plan to improve regulation which led to a significant improvement in the State of Israel's ranking in the World Bank's Doing Business Index. Established the Entry to Israel Law Review Tribunals. Initiated and implemented the organizational reform and streamlining of the administrative courts in the field of immigration, Led the integration and expansion of Community Courts, initiative within the Ministry, and significantly developed the Sharia Tribunals whose judges (Kadi) were doubled during her tenure. Expanded the free legal services given by the Legal Aid and the Public Defense to deprived populations. Led the coordination between government bodies in the process of the State of Israel joining the FATF to combat money laundering and terrorist financing. Human capital and employment diversity Palmor is considered a pioneer in the field of occupational diversity in the entire government. She was the first director general to publish a transparent and detailed annual report on the degree of occupational diversity in the Ministry, which was later adopted by President Reuven Rivlin and other Ministries. She developed methods of recruitment and training as well as educational programs for organizations to promote a work environment that encourages diversity and inclusion for Arabs, Israelis of Ethiopian descent, Ultra-Orthodox Jews, Women, and people with disabilities, all poorly represented in the Civil Service. Palmor's initiatives and dedication to the subject have made her a National figure identified with occupational diversity moves and a sought-after spokesperson and lecturer on the subject throughout the government and the Business sector as well. On the 68th Independence Day of the State of Israel, she was selected by the Israel Democracy Institute to light an "alternative torch" for her unique contribution to the public trust in the public service by relentlessly promoting diversity of the Civil Service. In December 2019, she received the "Shared Society Award" by The Abraham Initiatives NGO in recognition of her longstanding contribution to advancing equality, understanding, and co-existence between Jewish and Arab citizens of Israel, advocating against racism and exclusion, for integrating and representing Arab citizens in the civil service and establishing the Anti-Racism coordination Unit in the government. In October 2018 Palmor was first to initiate and publish a work-life balance convention in the Ministry of Justice, which limits contact hours with employees and allows for occupational flexibility, thus reducing employee's burnout, and advancing equality and improving opportunities for women and young parents in the workplace. Additional positions she held during her tenure as Director General of the Ministry of Justice: Chair of Israel CPA Council Chair of the Governmental Committee for Integration of Arabs, Druze, and Circassian in Civil Service Chair of the Committee on the Agreement between the Government of Israel and the Baháʼí World Centre Chair of the Permanent Executive Committee for the Coordination of the Combat against Human trafficking Chair of the Joint Legal Committee for Israel and the Palestinian Authority Member of the Government Steering Committee for Improving and Streamlining Business Processes in Israel Member of the Israel Land Council and the National Planning and Construction Council Member of the Civil Service Committee Member of the National Council of the Israel Bar Association Public Committees headed by Palmor During her tenure, Palmor was appointed to head several public committees designated to deal with burning social issues on the government's agenda, including the Committee on The Eradication Of Racism against Israelis of Ethiopian Descent (2016), The Committee for Examination of Tools to Reduce Demand for Prostitution (2017), and the committee in charge of resolving the Negative Consequences of Poligamy (2017). The Report on Eradication of racism against Israelis of Ethiopian origin and its outcomes In February 2016, Palmor was appointed to head the committee on the Eradication of racism against Israelis of Ethiopian Descent by the Ministerial Committee for the Promotion of the integration of Israeli Citizens of Ethiopian origin into Israeli Society, headed by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. The concluding report of the team (known as the "Palmor Report") was submitted in August 2016 and included an overview and reflection of the significant events experienced by Ethiopian Jews as manifestations of racism and discrimination, and is considered a historical milestone in Israel. The team led by Palmor presented more than 50 recommendations, which were adopted and budgeted by the government, and most of them were fully implemented. This was the first time the State recognized the existence of institutional racism against Ethiopian Jews, acknowledged policing and controversial policies on matters of education, health treatment, and other issues. Further, The Palmor report is taught in Universities and often cited and used in the Courts by Defense Attorneys and Judges, including at the Supreme Court, as a benchmark for evaluating practices of racial discrimination by the police and the Legal System. Key recommendations: The establishment of a Government Coordination Unit to combat racism, which will concentrate government activities in the prevention of discrimination and racist policies and behavior of civil servants, will be a dedicated address for effective and professional concentration and handling of complaints received from all citizens, regarding racism and discrimination and will serve as a guide for legally competent bodies. Appointment of a designated officer in all government ministries, who will serve as an office address for filing complaints and referring them to a competent body according to law, will coordinate the ministry's actions on prevention of racism and advise the Director General in the relevant professional areas. Taking disciplinary action against civil servants and against regulated professionals who are accused of "racial harassment". Applying a pilot initiative initiated by the police regarding the carrying of body cameras at police stations in cities with a high proportion of Ethiopians; Establishing procedures regarding "profiling"- the implementation of the authority of police officers to contact citizens with a request for identification and the manner of exercising the authority when the certificate is not presented as requested Increasing the use of content and books on Jewish Ethiopian history and heritage. Establishing a database of experts of Ethiopian descent to promote a positive presence in the media. Two years after the Palmor Report was accepted by the Government, Palmor initiated and convinced the President of Israel and the Minister of Justice to implement a special pardon scheme for Ethiopians, to erase their criminal record that resulted from police profiling and harassment. Reducing prostitution consumption In June 2016, Justice Minister Ayelet Shaked appointed Palmor to head a Committee to examine tools for reducing prostitution in Israel mainly to examine the possibility of criminalizing the use of prostitution, longtime demanded by a large coalition of female Knesset Members. The final recommendations of Palmor's Committee led to a historical bill imposing fines on consumers of prostitution, accompanied by a comprehensive rehabilitation plan for sex workers, and governmental programs in the field of education and social welfare for the prevention of future prostitution. The committee of the negative consequences of polygamy In January 2017, the government appointed Palmor to head the inter-ministerial committee to deal with the negative consequences of polygamy. Polygamy exists in Israel primarily in its Bedouin community that live in the Negev. The team sought to crack down on the practice through expanded police enforcement alongside anti-polygamy education in Bedouin schools and funding for programs that boost women's education, employment, healthcare and empowerment. The team's conclusions were submitted in a concluding report published in July 2018 and approved by Cabinet Ministers. Palmor spent a year meeting with Beduin women in southern Israel to develop the government's plan', and once it's 84 recommendations were published it drew criticism for trying to balance between discouraging the practice, while recognizing it cannot be immediately eliminated and surprisingly endorsed temporary permission to Sharia Courts to register such marriages under specific circumstances. After her tenure in the Ministry of Justice In May 2020, Palmor was selected to be one of the first 20 members of the Oversight Board, an entity that makes content moderation decisions on Facebook, specifically about handling appeals for blocked or removed content. As of 2020, Palmor is the Chair of the Gesher Multicultural Film Fund that works to bridge the gaps between the multiculturalism that characterizes Israeli society, and its representation in cinema and television, and Chair of the 2021 Sapir Prize for Literature, the most prestigious annual literary award in Israel. Palmor is also an adjunct lecturer and teaches Governance, Public Policy and Law at the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya in the Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy and Strategy. Since October 2020, Palmor is a member of the board of governors of the Hebrew university in Jerusalem. Activities for the community Palmor has initiated, in collaboration with the Ministry of Education, an educational project, named "Private in public", to prevent online sexual harassment and promote children's awareness of privacy online. As part of the project, hundreds of attorneys and employees of the Ministry of Justice volunteered to deliver thousands of lessons in middle schools and high schools across the country about the dangers of dissemination of visual private content on social media and the social and criminal consequences it can have. The project lasted for four consecutive years (2015–2018) involved hundreds of schools across the country and was accompanied by a TV and online campaign of video clips funded by the Ministry of Justice aimed both at children and their parents, to prevent incrimination of minors and possible mental damages to potential victims. Personal and professional mentoring – As one of few female Director Generals in the public service, Palmor has been dedicated to empower young women by volunteering for years at personal and professional mentoring programs in a variety of settings, including the mentoring program of the Hebrew University graduates' organization, The Master's Program in Public Policy of the School of Public Policy and Government at the Hebrew University, She's Women's Mentoring Program for Women's Empowerment Mentoring Programs for Ethiopian Israelis, Co-Impact program for the Breakthrough in Arab Employment and the Mentoring Program for the Development of Female Leadership by the Civil Service Commission "Mentors in the Civil Service". Instruction of at-risk youth at the Kiryat Ye'arim boarding school – instruction in law and current affairs classes for at-risk youth between the years 2009–2014. References People from Jerusalem Israeli Jews 1966 births Living people Facebook Oversight Board members

<mask> (Hebrew: אמי פלמור; born August 1966) is an Israeli lawyer and senior civil servant who served as the Director General of the Ministry of Justice from 1 February 2014 to September 2019. During her 24 years of civil service, she was appointed time and again by the government to Chair public committees concerning sensitive and controversial social and legal issues in Israeli society, which she led to sustainable resolutions. Palmor is recognized for applying methods of civic engagement and participation in Government processes of policy design, and for promoting a wholistic approach to public policy, focusing on prevention and education plans rather than legislation and law enforcement. <mask> is one of the first 20 members of the Facebook Oversight Board. Biography <mask> was born in Jerusalem to Holocaust survivor parents who immigrated from Romania to Israel in 1960. Her father, Eliezer, served as a diplomat at the Israeli embassies in Belgium, Norway, Argentina, Uruguay and France. Her mother, Shoshana, a concentration camp survivor from Transnistria, was a chemist and worked in a drug factory.<mask>'s first name, <mask>, consists of the first letters of the names of her grandmother Esther and her great grandmother Michal, who perished both in the Holocaust. She did her military service in Unit 8200 of the Israeli Intelligence Corps, between the years 1984–1986. In 1990, Palmor graduated law school from the Hebrew University and interned with Supreme court Judge Zvi Tal in the Jerusalem District Court and with Yair Golan (in the criminal field). Her brother, Yigal <mask>, is a spokesman for the Jewish Agency, who previously served as a spokesman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Professional career From 1991 to 1996, Palmor worked as a lawyer in the field of Civil Law at the law firm of Carmeli-Arnon in Jerusalem and was accepted as a partner in the firm in 1995. From 1996 to 1999, she served as a prosecutor at the State Attorney's Office Supreme Court Department in the Ministry of Justice and conducted legal proceedings in the criminal field. In 2000, <mask> was appointed Director of the Pardons department at the Ministry of Justice, a position she held for 14 years, during which she was credited with preparing the Minister of Justice's recommendation to the President.Furthermore, Palmor served on behalf of the Minister of Justice on special missions related to locating missing IDF soldiers. She was a member of the committee that dealt with the release of security prisoners to the Palestinian Authority, and through the years 2006–2011 was the only female member of the negotiation team for the release of POW a Gilad Shalit. Palmor held in addition to her role as Director of the Pardons Department the following positions: Chairman of the Eligibility Committee for Victims of Death Offenses (in cooperation with the Israel Police and the Ministry of Welfare) Chairman of the Medical Ethics Committee of the Prison Service Member of the Kanai Committee for the Amendment of the Criminal Registry Law Council member of the Prisoner Rehabilitation Authority Judge in the Disciplinary Court of Appeals of the Prison Service Director General of the Ministry of Justice On 1 February 2014, <mask> was appointed Director General of the Ministry of Justice in place of Dr. Guy Rothkopf, after being selected by the government at the suggestion of Justice Minister Tzipi Livni. <mask>'s appointment was a non-political appointment, as she came from the civil service itself. She continued to serve as a non-political Director General after Ayelet Shaked was appointed Minister of Justice in May 2015. Upon taking office and under her leadership she emphasized the role and mission of the Ministry of Justice as a social service-providing ministry, advancing equality and developing better and innovative access to justice alongside its traditional roles.She led a series of organizational reforms and established new departments, units and tribunals, while developing legal services and digital platforms. On 23 July 2019, it was surprisingly announced that <mask> would end her position as director general of the Ministry of Justice. The temporary Justice Minister, Amir Ohana, has chosen to replace Palmor over Ophir Cohen, a close friend of him. Since Ohana was only a temporary appointment, it was considered a controversial decision, as this position was usually left in place as part of the professional staff of a ministry. <mask>'s dismissal drew widespread criticism and the High Court of Justice has put a temporary freeze on the appointment. Eventually, <mask> ended her tenure and on September. Reforms During her tenure, Palmor initiated, led, and implemented numerous important reforms in the Ministry of Justice, the justice system, and the entire government: Led governmental initiative of social rights accessibility through "All Rights" website ("Kol Zchut"); Initiated and led the reform in the CPA training and certification; Led the reform of digital transformation of Land Registration services; Planned and implemented a five-year plan to improve regulation which led to a significant improvement in the State of Israel's ranking in the World Bank's Doing Business Index.Established the Entry to Israel Law Review Tribunals. Initiated and implemented the organizational reform and streamlining of the administrative courts in the field of immigration, Led the integration and expansion of Community Courts, initiative within the Ministry, and significantly developed the Sharia Tribunals whose judges (Kadi) were doubled during her tenure. Expanded the free legal services given by the Legal Aid and the Public Defense to deprived populations. Led the coordination between government bodies in the process of the State of Israel joining the FATF to combat money laundering and terrorist financing. Human capital and employment diversity <mask> is considered a pioneer in the field of occupational diversity in the entire government. She was the first director general to publish a transparent and detailed annual report on the degree of occupational diversity in the Ministry, which was later adopted by President Reuven Rivlin and other Ministries. She developed methods of recruitment and training as well as educational programs for organizations to promote a work environment that encourages diversity and inclusion for Arabs, Israelis of Ethiopian descent, Ultra-Orthodox Jews, Women, and people with disabilities, all poorly represented in the Civil Service.Palmor's initiatives and dedication to the subject have made her a National figure identified with occupational diversity moves and a sought-after spokesperson and lecturer on the subject throughout the government and the Business sector as well. On the 68th Independence Day of the State of Israel, she was selected by the Israel Democracy Institute to light an "alternative torch" for her unique contribution to the public trust in the public service by relentlessly promoting diversity of the Civil Service. In December 2019, she received the "Shared Society Award" by The Abraham Initiatives NGO in recognition of her longstanding contribution to advancing equality, understanding, and co-existence between Jewish and Arab citizens of Israel, advocating against racism and exclusion, for integrating and representing Arab citizens in the civil service and establishing the Anti-Racism coordination Unit in the government. In October 2018 Palmor was first to initiate and publish a work-life balance convention in the Ministry of Justice, which limits contact hours with employees and allows for occupational flexibility, thus reducing employee's burnout, and advancing equality and improving opportunities for women and young parents in the workplace. Additional positions she held during her tenure as Director General of the Ministry of Justice: Chair of Israel CPA Council Chair of the Governmental Committee for Integration of Arabs, Druze, and Circassian in Civil Service Chair of the Committee on the Agreement between the Government of Israel and the Baháʼí World Centre Chair of the Permanent Executive Committee for the Coordination of the Combat against Human trafficking Chair of the Joint Legal Committee for Israel and the Palestinian Authority Member of the Government Steering Committee for Improving and Streamlining Business Processes in Israel Member of the Israel Land Council and the National Planning and Construction Council Member of the Civil Service Committee Member of the National Council of the Israel Bar Association Public Committees headed by Palmor During her tenure, Palmor was appointed to head several public committees designated to deal with burning social issues on the government's agenda, including the Committee on The Eradication Of Racism against Israelis of Ethiopian Descent (2016), The Committee for Examination of Tools to Reduce Demand for Prostitution (2017), and the committee in charge of resolving the Negative Consequences of Poligamy (2017). The Report on Eradication of racism against Israelis of Ethiopian origin and its outcomes In February 2016, Palmor was appointed to head the committee on the Eradication of racism against Israelis of Ethiopian Descent by the Ministerial Committee for the Promotion of the integration of Israeli Citizens of Ethiopian origin into Israeli Society, headed by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. The concluding report of the team (known as the "Palmor Report") was submitted in August 2016 and included an overview and reflection of the significant events experienced by Ethiopian Jews as manifestations of racism and discrimination, and is considered a historical milestone in Israel.The team led by Palmor presented more than 50 recommendations, which were adopted and budgeted by the government, and most of them were fully implemented. This was the first time the State recognized the existence of institutional racism against Ethiopian Jews, acknowledged policing and controversial policies on matters of education, health treatment, and other issues. Further, The Palmor report is taught in Universities and often cited and used in the Courts by Defense Attorneys and Judges, including at the Supreme Court, as a benchmark for evaluating practices of racial discrimination by the police and the Legal System. Key recommendations: The establishment of a Government Coordination Unit to combat racism, which will concentrate government activities in the prevention of discrimination and racist policies and behavior of civil servants, will be a dedicated address for effective and professional concentration and handling of complaints received from all citizens, regarding racism and discrimination and will serve as a guide for legally competent bodies. Appointment of a designated officer in all government ministries, who will serve as an office address for filing complaints and referring them to a competent body according to law, will coordinate the ministry's actions on prevention of racism and advise the Director General in the relevant professional areas. Taking disciplinary action against civil servants and against regulated professionals who are accused of "racial harassment". Applying a pilot initiative initiated by the police regarding the carrying of body cameras at police stations in cities with a high proportion of Ethiopians; Establishing procedures regarding "profiling"- the implementation of the authority of police officers to contact citizens with a request for identification and the manner of exercising the authority when the certificate is not presented as requested Increasing the use of content and books on Jewish Ethiopian history and heritage.Establishing a database of experts of Ethiopian descent to promote a positive presence in the media. Two years after the Palmor Report was accepted by the Government, Palmor initiated and convinced the President of Israel and the Minister of Justice to implement a special pardon scheme for Ethiopians, to erase their criminal record that resulted from police profiling and harassment. Reducing prostitution consumption In June 2016, Justice Minister Ayelet Shaked appointed Palmor to head a Committee to examine tools for reducing prostitution in Israel mainly to examine the possibility of criminalizing the use of prostitution, longtime demanded by a large coalition of female Knesset Members. The final recommendations of <mask>'s Committee led to a historical bill imposing fines on consumers of prostitution, accompanied by a comprehensive rehabilitation plan for sex workers, and governmental programs in the field of education and social welfare for the prevention of future prostitution. The committee of the negative consequences of polygamy In January 2017, the government appointed <mask> to head the inter-ministerial committee to deal with the negative consequences of polygamy. Polygamy exists in Israel primarily in its Bedouin community that live in the Negev. The team sought to crack down on the practice through expanded police enforcement alongside anti-polygamy education in Bedouin schools and funding for programs that boost women's education, employment, healthcare and empowerment.The team's conclusions were submitted in a concluding report published in July 2018 and approved by Cabinet Ministers. Palmor spent a year meeting with Beduin women in southern Israel to develop the government's plan', and once it's 84 recommendations were published it drew criticism for trying to balance between discouraging the practice, while recognizing it cannot be immediately eliminated and surprisingly endorsed temporary permission to Sharia Courts to register such marriages under specific circumstances. After her tenure in the Ministry of Justice In May 2020, Palmor was selected to be one of the first 20 members of the Oversight Board, an entity that makes content moderation decisions on Facebook, specifically about handling appeals for blocked or removed content. As of 2020, Palmor is the Chair of the Gesher Multicultural Film Fund that works to bridge the gaps between the multiculturalism that characterizes Israeli society, and its representation in cinema and television, and Chair of the 2021 Sapir Prize for Literature, the most prestigious annual literary award in Israel. Palmor is also an adjunct lecturer and teaches Governance, Public Policy and Law at the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya in the Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy and Strategy. Since October 2020, Palmor is a member of the board of governors of the Hebrew university in Jerusalem. Activities for the community <mask> has initiated, in collaboration with the Ministry of Education, an educational project, named "Private in public", to prevent online sexual harassment and promote children's awareness of privacy online.As part of the project, hundreds of attorneys and employees of the Ministry of Justice volunteered to deliver thousands of lessons in middle schools and high schools across the country about the dangers of dissemination of visual private content on social media and the social and criminal consequences it can have. The project lasted for four consecutive years (2015–2018) involved hundreds of schools across the country and was accompanied by a TV and online campaign of video clips funded by the Ministry of Justice aimed both at children and their parents, to prevent incrimination of minors and possible mental damages to potential victims. Personal and professional mentoring – As one of few female Director Generals in the public service, Palmor has been dedicated to empower young women by volunteering for years at personal and professional mentoring programs in a variety of settings, including the mentoring program of the Hebrew University graduates' organization, The Master's Program in Public Policy of the School of Public Policy and Government at the Hebrew University, She's Women's Mentoring Program for Women's Empowerment Mentoring Programs for Ethiopian Israelis, Co-Impact program for the Breakthrough in Arab Employment and the Mentoring Program for the Development of Female Leadership by the Civil Service Commission "Mentors in the Civil Service". Instruction of at-risk youth at the Kiryat Ye'arim boarding school – instruction in law and current affairs classes for at-risk youth between the years 2009–2014. References People from Jerusalem Israeli Jews 1966 births Living people Facebook Oversight Board members

The Director General of the Ministry of Justice was an Israeli lawyer and senior civil servant named <mask>. During her 24 years of civil service, she was appointed time and again by the government to Chair public committees concerning sensitive and controversial social and legal issues in Israeli society. Palmor is recognized for applying methods of civic engagement and participation in Government processes of policy design, and for promoting a wholistic approach to public policy, focusing on prevention and education plans rather than legislation and law enforcement. The first 20 members of the Facebook Oversight Board are Palmor. <mask> was born in Jerusalem to Holocaust survivors. Her father was a diplomat at the Israeli embassies in several countries. Shoshana was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217Both of Palmor's great grandmothers perished in the Holocaust and her first name is named after them. She served in Unit 8200 of the Israeli Intelligence Corps. Palmor went to law school at the Hebrew University and worked with Supreme court Judge Zvi Tal in the Jerusalem District Court and with Yair Golan in the criminal field. Her brother was previously a spokesman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Palmor worked as a lawyer in the field of Civil Law at the Carmeli-Arnon law firm in Jerusalem from 1991 to 1996 and was accepted as a partner in the firm in 1995. She was a prosecutor at the State Attorney's Office Supreme Court Department in the Ministry of Justice from 1996 to 1999. During her 14 years at the Ministry of Justice, Palmor was credited with preparing the Minister of Justice's recommendation to the President.Palmor served on behalf of the Minister of Justice on special missions. She was a member of the committee that dealt with the release of security prisoners and was the only female member of the negotiation team. The Chairman of the Eligibility Committee for Victims of Death Offenses, in cooperation with the Israel Police and the Ministry of Welfare, was one of the positions <mask> held. Justice Minister Tzipi Livni suggested that Guy Rothkopf be selected by the government. <mask>'s appointment was not political as she came from the civil service. After Ayelet Shaked was appointed Minister of Justice in May 2015, she continued to serve as a non- political Director General. She emphasized the role and mission of the Ministry of Justice as a social service-providing ministry to advance equality and develop better and innovative access to justice.She led a series of organizational reforms and established new departments, units and tribunals. <mask> ended her position as director general of the Ministry of Justice on July 23, 2019. <mask> was replaced by Ophir Cohen, a close friend of the Justice Minister. Since Ohana was only a temporary appointment, it was considered a controversial decision, as this position was usually left in place as part of the professional staff of a ministry. The High Court of Justice put a temporary freeze on the appointment after Palmor's dismissal. Palmor ended her tenure in September. Palmor initiated, led, and implemented numerous important reforms in the Ministry of Justice, the justice system, and the entire government.The Entry to Israel Law Review Tribunals were established. Initiated and implemented the organizational reform and streamlining of the administrative courts in the field of immigration, led the integration and expansion of Community Courts, initiative within the Ministry, and significantly developed the Sharia Tribunals whose judges were doubled during her tenure. The Legal Aid and the Public Defense give free legal services to people who can't afford them. The coordination between government bodies in the process of the State of Israel joining the FATF was led by me. Palmor is a pioneer in the field of occupational diversity in the government. She was the first director general to publish a transparent and detailed annual report on the degree of occupational diversity in the Ministry, which was later adopted by President Reuven Rivlin and other ministries. She developed methods of recruitment and training as well as educational programs for organizations to promote a work environment that encourages diversity and inclusion for Arabs, Israelis of Ethiopian descent, Ultra-Orthodox Jews, Women, and people with disabilities, all poorly represented in the Civil Service.Palmor's initiatives and dedication to the subject have made her a national figure and a sought-after spokesman and lecturer on the subject throughout the government and the business sector. She was selected by the Israel Democracy Institute to light an "alternative torch" for her unique contribution to the public trust in the public service by relentlessly promoting diversity of the Civil Service. She received the "Shared Society Award" in recognition of her longstanding contribution to advancement of equality, understanding, and co-existence between Jewish and Arab citizens of Israel. In October of last year, Palmor published a work-life balance convention in the Ministry of Justice, which limits contact hours with employees and allows for occupational flexibility, thus reducing employee's burnout, and improving opportunities for women and young parents in the workplace. Chair of Israel CPA Council, Governmental Committee for Integration of Arabs, Druze, and Circassian, and Chair of the Committee on the Agreement between the Government of Israel and the Bah World Centre were some of the additional positions she held as Director General of the Ministry of Justice. <mask> was appointed to head the committee on the Eradication of racism against Israelis of Ethiopian Descent by the Ministerial Committee for the Promotion of the integration of Israeli Citizens of Ethiopian origin into Israeli Society. The "Palmor Report", which was submitted in August 2016 and includes an overview and reflection of the significant events experienced by Ethiopian Jews as manifestations of racism and discrimination, is considered a historical milestone in Israel.Most of the recommendations presented by the team led by Palmor were fully implemented. This was the first time the State acknowledged the existence of institutional racism against Ethiopia's Jews, as well as policing and controversial policies on matters of education, health treatment, and other issues. The Palmor report is used as a benchmark for evaluating practices of racial discrimination by the police and the Legal System by defense attorneys and judges. The establishment of a Government Coordination Unit to combat racism, which will concentrate government activities in the prevention of discrimination and racist policies and behavior of civil servants, will be a dedicated address for effective and professional concentration and handling of complaints received from all citizens, regarding racism and discrimination. Appointment of a designated officer in all government ministries, who will serve as an office address for filing complaints and referring them to a competent body according to law, will coordinate the ministry's actions on prevention of racism and advise the Director General in the relevant professional areas. Civil servants and regulated professionals who are accused of "racial harassment" will be disciplined. Applying a pilot initiative initiated by the police regarding the carrying of body cameras at police stations in cities with a high proportion of Ethiopians; Establishing procedures regarding "profiling"- the implementation of the authority of police officers to contact citizens with a request for identification and the manner of exercising the authorityA database of experts of Ethiopian descent is needed to promote a positive presence in the media. Two years after the Palmor Report was accepted by the Government, Palmor initiated and convinced the President of Israel and the Minister of Justice to implement a special pardon scheme for Ethiopia. In June of 2016 the Justice Minister appointed <mask> to head a committee to look at ways to reduce prostitution in Israel and the possibility of criminalizing prostitution. The final recommendations of <mask>'s Committee led to a historical bill imposing fines on consumers of prostitution, accompanied by a comprehensive rehabilitation plan for sex workers, and governmental programs in the field of education and social welfare for the prevention of future prostitution. <mask> was appointed to head the inter-ministerial committee to deal with the negative consequences of polygamy. The Bedouin community in the Negev is home to polygamy. The team sought to crack down on the practice through expanded police enforcement, anti-polygamy education in Bedouin schools and funding for programs that boost women's education, employment, healthcare and empowerment.The team's conclusions were approved by the Cabinet Ministers and published in a concluding report. <mask> spent a year meeting with Beduin women in southern Israel to develop the government's plan, and once it's 84 recommendations were published it drew criticism for trying to balance between discouraging the practice and recognizing it cannot be immediately eliminated. In May 2020, <mask> was selected to be one of the first 20 members of the Oversight Board, an entity that makes content moderation decisions on Facebook, specifically about handling appeals for blocked or removed content. Palmor is the Chair of the Gesher Multicultural Film Fund, which works to bridge the gaps between the multiculturalism that characterizes Israeli society, and its representation in cinema and television, and the Chair of the 2021, the most prestigious annual literary award in Israel. Palmor teaches Governance, Public Policy and Law in the Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy and Strategy. Palmor is a member of the board of governors of the Hebrew university. In collaboration with the Ministry of Education, Palmor has started an educational project called "Private in public" to prevent online sexual harassment and promote children's awareness of privacy online.As part of the project, hundreds of attorneys and employees of the Ministry of Justice volunteered to deliver thousands of lessons in middle schools and high schools across the country about the dangers of dissemination of visual private content on social media and the social and criminal consequences it can have. The project involved hundreds of schools across the country and was accompanied by a TV and online campaign of video clips funded by the Ministry of Justice to prevent incrimination of children and their parents. Palmor has been dedicated to empowering young women by volunteering for years at personal and professional mentoring programs in a variety of settings, including the mentoring program of the Hebrew University graduates' organization. Law and current affairs classes for at-risk youth were offered at the Kiryat Ye'arim boarding school. There are references to people from Jerusalem and living people on the Facebook Oversight Board.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samantha%20Jade

Samantha Jade

Samantha Jade Gibbs (born 18 April 1987) is an ARIA Award-winning Australian singer, songwriter, actress and former child model from Perth, Western Australia. She has written tracks for artists including JoJo and Ashley Tisdale. On 20 November 2012 Jade won the fourth season of The X Factor Australia, the first woman to win the Australian series. She subsequently signed with Sony Music Australia and released her winner's single "What You've Done to Me", which debuted at number one on the ARIA Singles Chart. Early life Samantha Jade Gibbs was born in Perth, Western Australia. Her father, Kevin Gibbs is of Anglo-Indian descent, while her mother, Jacqueline Deans Gibbs was of Scottish descent. Her mother died on 8 June 2014 after a short battle with cancer. Jade began modelling at the age of four and at age nine she won a talent show after singing "Amazing Grace". She attended Good Shepherd Catholic Primary School in Kiara, and Hampton Senior High School in Morley. Career 2002–2010: beginnings In 2002, Jade's friend sent her demo to a record producer in Los Angeles, California, who then decided to send Jade and her family to Hollywood for a meeting. The following year, they moved to Los Angeles. In 2004, she signed with US record label Jive Records and began recording a few demo tracks. That year, a song she co-wrote, "Secret Love", was recorded by JoJo for the soundtrack of the 2004 film Shark Tale. In 2006, Jade recorded the title track "Step Up" for the 2006 dance film Step Up. The song was written by Diane Warren and produced by rapper Wyclef Jean. The single which had little promotion appeared for one week on the Billboard Pop 100 peaking at number 92. In 2007, Jade released her follow-up single "Turn Around". It was sent to mainstream radio in the United States on 14 August 2007, as the lead single from Jade's debut album, My Name is Samantha Jade. Upon initial release, "Turn Around" debuted and peaked at number 83 on the ARIA Singles Chart, but upon Jade winning the fourth season of The X Factor in 2012, the song re-entered and peaked at number 53. After three years with the label, My Name is Samantha Jade was never released. In 2007 Jade co-wrote and sang back-up vocals on the track "Positivity" on Ashley Tisdale's debut album Headstrong. The following year, Jade co-wrote and sang back-up vocals on the song "Can't Walk Away" on Tiffany Evans' album Tiffany Evans. Jade was later dropped from Jive Records and attempted to continue to work on music independently with American record label Affinity West Entertainment. Jade recorded the controversial Golden Touch album for the label which would later result in issues regarding the release of the album, as it wasn't released until 2012. In 2010, Jade made her acting debut in the film Beneath the Blue, a sequel to Eye of the Dolphin. The film was released in 2009. Jade notably recorded a track the following year with David Guetta and Laidback Luke for David Guetta's fourth studio album One Love which was released in August. The track did not make the final track-listing but is featured as a bonus track on certain international releases. In July 2009 Jade released her third single, "Secret", in Australia, which failed to chart. The official music video for the single was directed by Valerie Babayan. The video for "Secret" shows her narrowing down an old lover so she can confront them about their "Secret". In 2010, Jade relocated to Perth and began working at her father's mining factory counting stock. 2012: The X Factor Australia and Samantha Jade In a final attempt to return to the music industry, Jade successfully auditioned for the fourth season of The X Factor in 2012, singing The Script's "Breakeven", during which judge Guy Sebastian notably teared up. Jade progressed to the super bootcamp stage of the competition, where she sang "It Ain't Over 'til It's Over" by Lenny Kravitz and "No Air" by Jordin Sparks. She then advanced to the home visits round as part of the Over 25s category, which was mentored by Sebastian. He later selected Jade, along with Justin Standley and Nathaniel Willemse, for the live finals—a series of ten weekly live shows in which contestants are progressively eliminated by public vote. For the first live performance show on 17 September 2012, she sang Katy Perry's "Wide Awake" and received praise from all four judges. Keating said "I'm going to get in trouble for saying this but that was better than Katy Perry", while Sebastian added that "Every singer in the country just literally went 'Oh my gosh'." However, Jade fell into the bottom two alongside Adil Memon but was saved after Keating, Bassingthwaighte and Sebastian all opted to eliminate Memon. In the fifth week, Jade fell into the bottom two alongside Angel Tupai. After they received two votes each, the result was deadlock and reverted to the earlier public vote leading to Tupai receiving the fewest votes and being eliminated. In the seventh week, Jade fell into the bottom two alongside Willemse but was saved via deadlock. In the semi-finals of the competition, Jade sang "Heartless" and "Where Have You Been", she advanced to the finals. During the grand final decider, on 20 November 2012, Jade was announced as the winner. She received a recording contract with record label Sony Music Australia and a Nissan Dualis car. denotes having entered the ARIA Singles Chart. denotes having been in the bottom two. denotes winner. After winning The X Factor, Jade's winner's single "What You've Done to Me" was released digitally via iTunes. After three days of release, the song debuted at number one on the ARIA Singles Chart. It was certified triple platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), denoting sales of 210,000 copies. Jade's self-titled debut album was released on 7 December 2012, featuring re-recorded versions of the songs she performed on The X Factor. The album debuted at number three on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified gold, denoting shipments of 35,000 copies. On 5 December 2012, Jade's former record label Camp West Recorders released her original first album The Golden Touch on iTunes without Jade or Sony Music's permission. Camp West Recorders Inc. company presidents John Harris and Ty Knox sued Jade for damages and alleged contract breaches as well as Sony Music, Parade Artists, FremantleMedia Australia and Simon Cowell's Syco Entertainment. Harris and Knox claimed that they were entitled to a share of Jade's income because they signed a development deal with her when she moved to Los Angeles at age 15 to launch a music career, and that Camp West's contract with her was still valid. The pair also claimed they spent $2 million developing her as an artist. 2013–2016: INXS: Never Tear Us Apart, Nine and Home and Away In January 2013, Jade headlined The X Factor Live Tour performing shows in the Gold Coast, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth. The lead single from Jade's second studio album, Firestarter, was released on 28 June 2013. It debuted and peaked at number nine on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified Platinum, for selling 70,000 copies. Jade co-designed her own jewellery line with Diva accessories. In August 2013, Jade performed in Indonesia for RCTI's 24th anniversary television special, X Factor Around the World, along with The Collective, Jahméne Douglas, Melanie Amaro, Novita Dewi and Fatin Shidqia. Jade performed "Firestarter" in the first week of the fifth season of The X Factor. During her performance on The X Factor, it was announced that Jade is working on her second album. She won 'Best Video' for "Firestarter" at the 27th ARIA Music Awards. Jade released a second single from her upcoming album, entitled "Soldier" on 15 November 2013, which peaked at number 17 and was later certified Gold, for selling 35,000 copies. On 24 January 2014, Jade released a cover of "I Am Australian" with Dami Im, Jessica Mauboy, Justice Crew, Nathaniel Willemse and Taylor Henderson, to coincide with the Australia Day celebrations. The song peaked at number 51 on the ARIA Singles Chart. Jade played Kylie Minogue in the mini-series INXS: Never Tear Us Apart, televised on the Seven Network in February 2014. Jade was nominated for "Most Popular New Talent" at the Logie awards for the role. Jade released a third single from her second album on 11 April 2014, entitled "Up!". It peaked at number 18 and was later certified Gold, for selling 35,000 copies. On 3 September 2014, Jade performed in Los Angeles as part of Nova FM's Red Room Global Tour. Jade was the supporting act for One Direction's Australian leg of their On the Road Again Tour in February 2015. On 17 July 2015, Jade released a new single, "Shake That", featuring American rapper Pitbull. It served as the lead single for her long-awaited second studio album. On 5 September 2015, it was announced that Jade had joined the cast of the long-running soap opera Home and Away as Isla Schultz. She made her first appearance during the episode broadcast on 3 March 2016. Jade's second studio album, Nine, was released on 20 November 2015. Jade confirmed in March 2016 that she is currently working on her third album and is hoping to release it by the end of 2016. It could contain the upcoming singles 'Crushed' and 'Ooh Ooh Ooh' that are mentioned on the Ascap website. In 2016 it was announced that Jade had been cast as Tracey Tyler in the Nine Network mini-series House of Bond. On 28 October 2016, Jade announced a new single "Hurt Anymore" in collaboration with Cyrus Villanueva, which was released on 4 November. 2017–2018: cosmetic line, touring, Best of My Love and The Magic of Christmas In early 2017 Jade joined the Boyzlife British and England tour. On 6 March 2017 Jade partnered with Models Prefer to launch her debut cosmetic line "Samantha Jade for Models Prefer". On 26 May 2017 Jade released her new single "Circles On the Water". On 22 February 2018 Jade announced that she will release her third studio album Best of My Love on 20 April 2018. In November 2018, Jade released her fourth studio album The Magic of Christmas. 2019-present: Fifth studio album In early 2019, Jade confirmed she is working on her fifth studio album, the album is expected to have original material. In September 2019, Jade released "Bounce", the lead single from the album, which is due for release in 2020. Discussing the album with Star Observer, she stated that "this time [around], I've asked: 'What are songs I'd listen to?' or 'What are songs that I would save or put on my Spotify or Apple Music?' There are a variety of songs on [the album]. We've got some ballads, we've got some ups ... basically, it's just an array of music that I love. That's what we've really gone with. A lot of the time you chase radio and you chase a sound that's out there [but] I've gone back to what I like and that's really empowering." She further explained that "It's more about listening to my fanbase and myself. Just going, 'What do my fans like to hear from me?' and I've kind of gone back to a sound that I was inspired by. When I started writing when I was fifteen and moved to LA, I was writing songs because I loved Brandy and TLC and J-Lo, so it all made sense to me." On 31 January 2020, Jade released "In the Morning". In September 2020, Jade was one of the celebrity faces for Kit Kat's R U OK? Day social media campaign. Samantha Jade released her latest single "Back 2 Back" on 3 October 2020 and during a Facebook performance confirmed that an album is done. Samantha Jade released another single on 20 November 2020, titled "New Boy". Artistry Jade is a light-lyric soprano and cites Beyoncé, Robyn and Mariah Carey as her musical influences. Her debut original album was a pop record. She describes "Nine" as personal, and she felt like she was playing a character on her Best Of My Love album of disco covers. Her voice is breezy and bright. She has an angelic voice and co-wrote parts of Nine, "Born to Be Alive" and "Wait for It" are considered poppy Personal life Jade previously lived in Los Angeles, California, to pursue her singing career. After struggling to get a new record deal in the United States, Jade moved back to Perth and began working at her father's warehouse in Guildford, Western Australia. She later relocated to Sydney, New South Wales, where she was a makeup artist while still gigging. In early 2019 Jade announced her engagement to Pat Handlin - the son of Denis Handlin, CEO of Sony Music Australia - via Instagram. Concert tours Headlining The X Factor Live Tour (2013) ChapStick Summer Lovin' Tour (2013) Only Just Begun Club Tour (2016) Coca-Cola Christmas Truck Tour (2017) Best Of My Love Live Tour (2018) Coca-Cola Salvation Army 'It Feels So Good To Give' Christmas Truck Tour (2018) Supporting Nova's Red Room Global Tour (Series 1: 2014) One Direction's On the Road Again Tour: Australian leg (2015) Boyzlife's Stories - Laughter - Music Tour: UK leg (2017) Paul Murray's Live In Our Town (2019) Pentatonix's Pentatonix: The World Tour: Australian & New Zealand leg (2020) Guest Guy Sebastian's Get Along Tour: "Art of Love" with Guy Sebastian (Sydney - 20 April 2013) Beyoncé's The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour: "Breakeven" with Stan Walker (Sydney - 11 November 2013) Taylor Swift's Red Tour: "Art of Love" with Guy Sebastian (Sydney - 4 December 2013) Discography Samantha Jade (2012) Nine (2015) Best of My Love (2018) The Magic of Christmas (2018) TBA (TBD) Filmography Awards and nominations References External links 1987 births 21st-century Australian singers 21st-century Australian women singers Australian contemporary R&B singers Australian women pop singers Australian people of Anglo-Indian descent Australian people of Indian descent Australian people of Scottish descent Australian sopranos Jive Records artists Living people Musicians from Perth, Western Australia Sony BMG artists Sony Music Australia artists The X Factor (Australian TV series) contestants The X Factor winners

<mask> (born 18 April 1987) is an ARIA Award-winning Australian singer, songwriter, actress and former child model from Perth, Western Australia. She has written tracks for artists including JoJo and Ashley Tisdale. On 20 November 2012 <mask> won the fourth season of The X Factor Australia, the first woman to win the Australian series. She subsequently signed with Sony Music Australia and released her winner's single "What You've Done to Me", which debuted at number one on the ARIA Singles Chart. Early life <mask> was born in Perth, Western Australia. Her father, Kevin Gibbs is of Anglo-Indian descent, while her mother, Jacqueline Deans Gibbs was of Scottish descent. Her mother died on 8 June 2014 after a short battle with cancer.<mask> began modelling at the age of four and at age nine she won a talent show after singing "Amazing Grace". She attended Good Shepherd Catholic Primary School in Kiara, and Hampton Senior High School in Morley. Career 2002–2010: beginnings In 2002, <mask>'s friend sent her demo to a record producer in Los Angeles, California, who then decided to send <mask> and her family to Hollywood for a meeting. The following year, they moved to Los Angeles. In 2004, she signed with US record label Jive Records and began recording a few demo tracks. That year, a song she co-wrote, "Secret Love", was recorded by JoJo for the soundtrack of the 2004 film Shark Tale. In 2006, <mask> recorded the title track "Step Up" for the 2006 dance film Step Up.The song was written by Diane Warren and produced by rapper Wyclef Jean. The single which had little promotion appeared for one week on the Billboard Pop 100 peaking at number 92. In 2007, <mask> released her follow-up single "Turn Around". It was sent to mainstream radio in the United States on 14 August 2007, as the lead single from <mask>'s debut album, My Name is <mask>. Upon initial release, "Turn Around" debuted and peaked at number 83 on the ARIA Singles Chart, but upon <mask> winning the fourth season of The X Factor in 2012, the song re-entered and peaked at number 53. After three years with the label, My Name is <mask> was never released. In 2007 <mask> co-wrote and sang back-up vocals on the track "Positivity" on Ashley Tisdale's debut album Headstrong.The following year, <mask> co-wrote and sang back-up vocals on the song "Can't Walk Away" on Tiffany Evans' album Tiffany Evans. <mask> was later dropped from Jive Records and attempted to continue to work on music independently with American record label Affinity West Entertainment. <mask> recorded the controversial Golden Touch album for the label which would later result in issues regarding the release of the album, as it wasn't released until 2012. In 2010, <mask> made her acting debut in the film Beneath the Blue, a sequel to Eye of the Dolphin. The film was released in 2009. <mask> notably recorded a track the following year with David Guetta and Laidback Luke for David Guetta's fourth studio album One Love which was released in August. The track did not make the final track-listing but is featured as a bonus track on certain international releases.In July 2009 <mask> released her third single, "Secret", in Australia, which failed to chart. The official music video for the single was directed by Valerie Babayan. The video for "Secret" shows her narrowing down an old lover so she can confront them about their "Secret". In 2010, <mask> relocated to Perth and began working at her father's mining factory counting stock. 2012: The X Factor Australia and <mask> In a final attempt to return to the music industry, <mask> successfully auditioned for the fourth season of The X Factor in 2012, singing The Script's "Breakeven", during which judge Guy Sebastian notably teared up. <mask> progressed to the super bootcamp stage of the competition, where she sang "It Ain't Over 'til It's Over" by Lenny Kravitz and "No Air" by Jordin Sparks. She then advanced to the home visits round as part of the Over 25s category, which was mentored by Sebastian.He later selected <mask>, along with Justin Standley and Nathaniel Willemse, for the live finals—a series of ten weekly live shows in which contestants are progressively eliminated by public vote. For the first live performance show on 17 September 2012, she sang Katy Perry's "Wide Awake" and received praise from all four judges. Keating said "I'm going to get in trouble for saying this but that was better than Katy Perry", while Sebastian added that "Every singer in the country just literally went 'Oh my gosh'." However, <mask> fell into the bottom two alongside Adil Memon but was saved after Keating, Bassingthwaighte and Sebastian all opted to eliminate Memon. In the fifth week, <mask> fell into the bottom two alongside Angel Tupai. After they received two votes each, the result was deadlock and reverted to the earlier public vote leading to Tupai receiving the fewest votes and being eliminated. In the seventh week, <mask> fell into the bottom two alongside Willemse but was saved via deadlock.In the semi-finals of the competition, <mask> sang "Heartless" and "Where Have You Been", she advanced to the finals. During the grand final decider, on 20 November 2012, <mask> was announced as the winner. She received a recording contract with record label Sony Music Australia and a Nissan Dualis car. denotes having entered the ARIA Singles Chart. denotes having been in the bottom two. denotes winner. After winning The X Factor, <mask>'s winner's single "What You've Done to Me" was released digitally via iTunes.After three days of release, the song debuted at number one on the ARIA Singles Chart. It was certified triple platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), denoting sales of 210,000 copies. <mask>'s self-titled debut album was released on 7 December 2012, featuring re-recorded versions of the songs she performed on The X Factor. The album debuted at number three on the ARIA Albums Chart and was certified gold, denoting shipments of 35,000 copies. On 5 December 2012, <mask>'s former record label Camp West Recorders released her original first album The Golden Touch on iTunes without <mask> or Sony Music's permission. Camp West Recorders Inc. company presidents John Harris and Ty Knox sued <mask> for damages and alleged contract breaches as well as Sony Music, Parade Artists, FremantleMedia Australia and Simon Cowell's Syco Entertainment. Harris and Knox claimed that they were entitled to a share of <mask>'s income because they signed a development deal with her when she moved to Los Angeles at age 15 to launch a music career, and that Camp West's contract with her was still valid.The pair also claimed they spent $2 million developing her as an artist. 2013–2016: INXS: Never Tear Us Apart, Nine and Home and Away In January 2013, <mask> headlined The X Factor Live Tour performing shows in the Gold Coast, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth. The lead single from <mask>'s second studio album, Firestarter, was released on 28 June 2013. It debuted and peaked at number nine on the ARIA Singles Chart and was certified Platinum, for selling 70,000 copies. <mask> co-designed her own jewellery line with Diva accessories. In August 2013, <mask> performed in Indonesia for RCTI's 24th anniversary television special, X Factor Around the World, along with The Collective, Jahméne Douglas, Melanie Amaro, Novita Dewi and Fatin Shidqia. <mask> performed "Firestarter" in the first week of the fifth season of The X Factor.During her performance on The X Factor, it was announced that <mask> is working on her second album. She won 'Best Video' for "Firestarter" at the 27th ARIA Music Awards. <mask> released a second single from her upcoming album, entitled "Soldier" on 15 November 2013, which peaked at number 17 and was later certified Gold, for selling 35,000 copies. On 24 January 2014, <mask> released a cover of "I Am Australian" with Dami Im, Jessica Mauboy, Justice Crew, Nathaniel Willemse and Taylor Henderson, to coincide with the Australia Day celebrations. The song peaked at number 51 on the ARIA Singles Chart. <mask> played Kylie Minogue in the mini-series INXS: Never Tear Us Apart, televised on the Seven Network in February 2014. <mask> was nominated for "Most Popular New Talent" at the Logie awards for the role.<mask> released a third single from her second album on 11 April 2014, entitled "Up!". It peaked at number 18 and was later certified Gold, for selling 35,000 copies. On 3 September 2014, <mask> performed in Los Angeles as part of Nova FM's Red Room Global Tour. <mask> was the supporting act for One Direction's Australian leg of their On the Road Again Tour in February 2015. On 17 July 2015, <mask> released a new single, "Shake That", featuring American rapper Pitbull. It served as the lead single for her long-awaited second studio album. On 5 September 2015, it was announced that <mask> had joined the cast of the long-running soap opera Home and Away as Isla Schultz.She made her first appearance during the episode broadcast on 3 March 2016. <mask>'s second studio album, Nine, was released on 20 November 2015. <mask> confirmed in March 2016 that she is currently working on her third album and is hoping to release it by the end of 2016. It could contain the upcoming singles 'Crushed' and 'Ooh Ooh Ooh' that are mentioned on the Ascap website. In 2016 it was announced that <mask> had been cast as Tracey Tyler in the Nine Network mini-series House of Bond. On 28 October 2016, <mask> announced a new single "Hurt Anymore" in collaboration with Cyrus Villanueva, which was released on 4 November. 2017–2018: cosmetic line, touring, Best of My Love and The Magic of Christmas In early 2017 <mask> joined the Boyzlife British and England tour.On 6 March 2017 <mask> partnered with Models Prefer to launch her debut cosmetic line "<mask> for Models Prefer". On 26 May 2017 <mask> released her new single "Circles On the Water". On 22 February 2018 <mask> announced that she will release her third studio album Best of My Love on 20 April 2018. In November 2018, <mask> released her fourth studio album The Magic of Christmas. 2019-present: Fifth studio album In early 2019, <mask> confirmed she is working on her fifth studio album, the album is expected to have original material. In September 2019, <mask> released "Bounce", the lead single from the album, which is due for release in 2020. Discussing the album with Star Observer, she stated that "this time [around], I've asked: 'What are songs I'd listen to?'or 'What are songs that I would save or put on my Spotify or Apple Music?' There are a variety of songs on [the album]. We've got some ballads, we've got some ups ... basically, it's just an array of music that I love. That's what we've really gone with. A lot of the time you chase radio and you chase a sound that's out there [but] I've gone back to what I like and that's really empowering." She further explained that "It's more about listening to my fanbase and myself. Just going, 'What do my fans like to hear from me?'and I've kind of gone back to a sound that I was inspired by. When I started writing when I was fifteen and moved to LA, I was writing songs because I loved Brandy and TLC and J-Lo, so it all made sense to me." On 31 January 2020, <mask> released "In the Morning". In September 2020, <mask> was one of the celebrity faces for Kit Kat's R U OK? Day social media campaign. <mask> released her latest single "Back 2 Back" on 3 October 2020 and during a Facebook performance confirmed that an album is done. <mask> released another single on 20 November 2020, titled "New Boy".Artistry <mask> is a light-lyric soprano and cites Beyoncé, Robyn and Mariah Carey as her musical influences. Her debut original album was a pop record. She describes "Nine" as personal, and she felt like she was playing a character on her Best Of My Love album of disco covers. Her voice is breezy and bright. She has an angelic voice and co-wrote parts of Nine, "Born to Be Alive" and "Wait for It" are considered poppy Personal life <mask> previously lived in Los Angeles, California, to pursue her singing career. After struggling to get a new record deal in the United States, <mask> moved back to Perth and began working at her father's warehouse in Guildford, Western Australia. She later relocated to Sydney, New South Wales, where she was a makeup artist while still gigging.In early 2019 <mask> announced her engagement to Pat Handlin - the son of Denis Handlin, CEO of Sony Music Australia - via Instagram.

An ARIA Award-winning Australian singer, songwriter, actress and former child model from Perth, Western Australia. She has written music for artists. <mask> was the first woman to win the Australian series of The X Factor. She signed with Sony Music Australia and released her winner's single "What You've Done to Me". Born in Perth, Western Australia, in early life, is the name of the child. Her father is of Indian descent, while her mother was of Scottish descent. Her mother died after a short battle with cancer.At the age of nine, <mask> won a talent show after singing "Amazing Grace". She attended Good Shepherd Catholic Primary School. <mask>'s friend sent her demo to a record producer in Los Angeles, California, who decided to send <mask> and her family to Hollywood for a meeting. They moved to Los Angeles the next year. In 2004, she signed with a US record label and began recording demos. "Secret Love" was recorded for the soundtrack of the 2004 film Shark Tale. The title track of the 2006 dance film Step Up was recorded by <mask>.Diane Warren wrote and produced the song. The single which had little promotion appeared on the Pop 100 and peaked at 92. "Turn Around" was <mask>'s follow-up single. The lead single from <mask> <mask>, was sent to mainstream radio in the United States on August 14, 2007. <mask> <mask> was never released after three years with the label. The song "Positivity" was co-written and sung by <mask> on the album Headstrong.Tiffany Evans' album "Can't Walk Away" was co-written and sung by <mask>. <mask> tried to work on her own music with an American record label. <mask> recorded the controversial Golden Touch album for the label which would later result in issues regarding the release of the album, as it wasn't released until 2012 <mask> made her acting debut in Beneath the Blue, a sequel to Eye of the Dolphin. The film was released in 2009. David Guetta's fourth studio album One Love was released in August and <mask> recorded a track with him. The track is a bonus track on some international releases."Secret", <mask>'s third single, failed to chart in Australia. The music video was directed by a woman. The video for "Secret" shows her narrowing down an old lover so she can confront them. <mask> moved to Perth in 2010 to work at her father's mining factory. In a final attempt to return to the music industry, <mask> successfully tried out for the fourth season of The X Factor in 2012 and sang "Breakeven" for the judges. <mask> sang "It Ain't Over 'til It's Over" and "No Air" during the super bootcamp stage of the competition. Sebastian was her mentor and she advanced to the home visits round as part of the Over 25s category.The live finals are a series of ten weekly live shows in which contestants are eliminated by public vote. She sang "Wide Awake" for the first live performance show on 17 September 2012 and received praise from all four judges. Keating said "I'm going to get in trouble for saying this, but that was better than the other singer", while Sebastian said "every singer in the country just literally went 'Oh my gosh'." <mask> was saved after Keating, Bassingthwaighte and Sebastian eliminated Memon. The 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 After they received two votes each, the result was deadlock and reverted to the earlier public vote, with Tupai getting the least votes and being eliminated. In the seventh week, Jade fell into the bottom two, but was saved by a deadlock.<mask> advanced to the finals after singing "Heartless" and "Where Have You Been" in the semi-finals. <mask> was announced as the winner during the grand final. She got a recording contract with a record label and a car. The ARIA Singles Chart has been entered. It was in the bottom two. It's a winner. <mask>'s winner's single "What You've Done to Me" was released digitally after she won The X Factor.The song was number one on the ARIA Singles Chart after three days of release. It was certified triple Platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association. On December 7, 2012 <mask>'s self-titled debut album was released, featuring re- recorded versions of the songs she performed on The X Factor. The album was certified gold, meaning that 35,000 copies were shipped. The Golden Touch, <mask>'s first album, was released by Camp West Recorders without <mask>'s or Sony Music's permission. The presidents of Camp West Recorders Inc. sued <mask> for damages and other alleged contract violations. When <mask> moved to Los Angeles at the age of 15 to launch her music career, Harris and Knox signed a development deal with her, and Camp West's contract with her was still valid.They spent $2 million on her as an artist. <mask> headlined The X Factor Live Tour performing shows in the Gold Coast, Sydney, Melbourne,Adelaide and Perth. The lead single from <mask>'s second studio album was released in June. It was certified Platinum for selling over 67,000 copies. <mask> designed her own jewellery line. <mask> performed in Indonesia for RCTI's 24th anniversary television special, X Factor Around the World, along with The Collective, Melanie Amaro, Novita Dewi and Fatin Shidqia. <mask> performed "Firestarter" on The X Factor.<mask>'s second album was announced during her performance on The X Factor. She won for "Firestarter" at the 27th ARIA Music Awards. "Soldier", <mask>'s second single from her upcoming album, peaked at number 17 and was certified Gold, selling 35,000 copies. To coincide with the Australia Day celebrations, <mask> released a cover of "I Am Australian" with Dami Im, Jessica Mauboy, Justice Crew, Nathaniel Willemse and Taylor Henderson. The song peaked at number 51. INXS: Never Tear Us Apart was a mini-series that aired on the Seven Network. <mask> was nominated for "most popular new talent" at the Logie awards."Up!" is a third single from <mask>'s second album. It sold 35,000 copies and was certified Gold. <mask> performed in Los Angeles as part of the Red Room Global Tour. The Australian leg of One Direction's On the Road Again Tour was supported by <mask>. On 17 July 2015, <mask> released a new single, "Shake That". It was the lead single of her second studio album. On 5 September 2015, it was announced that <mask> had joined the cast of Home and Away.On 3 March 2016 she made her first appearance. <mask>'s second studio album, Nine, was released in November of 2015. <mask> said in March 2016 that she is working on her third album and hopes to have it out by the end of the year. The upcoming singles 'Ooh Ooh Ooh' and 'Crushed' are mentioned on the Ascap website. In 2016 it was announced that <mask> had been cast in the mini-series House of Bond. <mask> announced a new single "Hurt Anymore" on October 28, 2016 and it was released on November 4. <mask> joined the British and England tour in early 2017.<mask> collaborated with Models Prefer to launch her first line, "<mask> for Models Prefer". "Circles On the Water" was <mask>'s new single. <mask> will release her third studio album, Best of My Love, on 20 April. The Magic of Christmas was <mask>'s fourth studio album. <mask> is working on her fifth studio album and it is expected to have original material. "Bounce", the lead single from the album, was released in September. She asked what songs she would listen to while discussing the album with Star Observer.What are the songs I would save or put on Apple Music? There are many songs on the album. We have some ballads, we have some ups, and it's just an array of music that I love. We've really gone with that. I've gone back to what I like and that's really empowering, because a lot of the time you chase radio and you chase a sound that's out there. She said that it was more about listening to her fans and herself. What do my fans like to hear from me?I went back to the sound that I was inspired by. When I moved to LA, I was writing songs because I loved Brandy and J-Lo, so it all made sense to me. <mask> released "In the Morning" on January 31, 2020. In September 2020, <mask> was one of the celebrity faces. A day social media campaign. On October 3, 2020,<mask> released her latest single " Back 2 Back" and during a Facebook performance confirmed that an album is done. "New Boy" was released on November 20, 2020.A light-lyric Soprano named Artistry <mask> cites a number of her musical influences. Her first album was a pop record. She felt like she was playing a character on her Best Of My Love album when she described "Nine" as personal. Her voice is bright. She co- wrote parts of Nine, Born to Be Alive and Wait for It and has an angelic voice. <mask> moved back to Perth after she couldn't get a new record deal in the United States. She relocated to New South Wales where she worked as a makeup artist.Pat Handlin is the son of Denis Handlin, CEO of Sony Music Australia.

163283

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich%20Mann

Heinrich Mann

Luiz (Ludwig) Heinrich Mann (; 27 March 1871 – 11 March 1950) was a German novelist who wrote works with social themes. From 1930 until 1933 he was president of the fine poetry division of the Prussian Academy of Arts. His numerous criticisms of the growth of fascism forced him to flee Germany after the Nazis came to power during 1933. Early life Born in Lübeck, as the oldest child of Senator Thomas Johann Heinrich Mann, grain merchant and finance minister of the Free City of Lübeck, a state of the German Empire, and Júlia da Silva Bruhns. He was the elder brother of novelist Thomas Mann. The Mann family was an affluent family of grain merchants of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck. After the death of his father, his mother relocated the family to Munich, where Heinrich began his career as a freier Schriftsteller (free novelist). Work Mann's essay on Émile Zola and the novel Der Untertan (published over the years 1912-1918) earned him much respect during the Weimar Republic, since they satirized Imperial German society. Later, in 1930, his book Professor Unrat was freely adapted into the movie Der Blaue Engel (The Blue Angel). Carl Zuckmayer wrote the script, and Josef von Sternberg was the director. Mann wanted his paramour, the actress Trude Hesterberg, to play the main female part as the "actress" Lola Lola (named Rosa Fröhlich in the novel), but Marlene Dietrich was given the part, her first sound role. Together with Albert Einstein and other celebrities during 1932, Mann was a signatory to the "Urgent Call for Unity", asking the voters to reject the Nazis. Einstein and Mann had previously co-authored a letter during 1931 condemning the murder of Croatian scholar Milan Šufflay. Mann became persona non grata in Nazi Germany and left even before the Reichstag fire of 1933. He went to France where he lived in Paris and Nice. During the German occupation, he made his way to Marseille, where he was aided by Varian Fry in September 1940 to escape to Spain. Assisted by Justus Rosenberg, he and his wife Nelly Kröger, his nephew Golo Mann, Alma Mahler-Werfel and Franz Werfel hiked for six hours across the border at Port Bou. After arriving in Portugal, the group stayed in Monte Estoril, at the Grande Hotel D’Itália, between 18 September and 4 October 1940. On 4 October 1940, they boarded the S.S. Nea Hellas, headed for New York City. The Nazis burnt Heinrich Mann's books as "contrary to the German spirit" during the infamous book burning of May 10, 1933, which was instigated by the then Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels. Later life During the 1930s and later in American exile, Mann's literary popularity waned. Nevertheless, he wrote Die Jugend des Königs Henri Quatre and Die Vollendung des Königs Henri Quatre as part of the Exilliteratur. The two novels described the life and importance of Henry IV of France and were acclaimed by his brother Thomas Mann, who spoke of the "great splendour and dynamic art" of the work. The plot, based on Europe's early modern history from a French perspective, anticipated the end of French–German enmity. His second wife, (1898–1944), committed suicide in Los Angeles. Heinrich Mann died on March 11, 1950, sixteen days before his 79th birthday, in Santa Monica, California, lonely and without much money, just months before he was to relocate to East Berlin to become president of the German Academy of Arts. His ashes were later taken to East Germany and were interred at the Dorotheenstadt Cemetery in a grave of honor. Popular culture Mann was portrayed by Alec Guinness in the 1992 television adaptation of Christopher Hampton's play Tales from Hollywood. In Die Manns – Ein Jahrhundertroman (2001) he was played by Jürgen Hentsch. Film adaptations The Blue Angel, directed by Josef von Sternberg (Germany, 1930, based on the novel Professor Unrat) Der Untertan, directed by Wolfgang Staudte (East Germany, 1951, based on the novel Der Untertan) The Blue Angel, directed by Edward Dmytryk (USA, 1959, based on the novel Professor Unrat) Madame Legros, directed by Michael Kehlmann (West Germany, 1968, TV film, based on the play Madame Legros) Man of Straw, directed by Herbert Wise (UK, 1972, TV miniseries, based on the novel Der Untertan) Im Schlaraffenland, directed by Kurt Jung-Alsen (East Germany, 1975, TV film, based on the novel Im Schlaraffenland) Belcanto oder Darf eine Nutte schluchzen?, directed by Robert van Ackeren (West Germany, 1977, based on the novel Empfang bei der Welt) Die Verführbaren, directed by (East Germany, 1977, TV film, based on the novel Ein ernstes Leben) , directed by Marcel Camus and (France, 1979, TV miniseries, based on the novel Die Jugend des Königs Henri Quatre) Im Schlaraffenland, directed by Fritz Umgelter (West Germany, 1981, TV film, based on the novel Im Schlaraffenland) Suturp – Eine Liebesgeschichte, directed by Gerd Keil (East Germany, 1981, TV film, based on the short story Suturp) , directed by Alexander Lang (East Germany, 1983, TV film, based on the unfinished Die traurige Geschichte von Friedrich dem Großen) Varieté, directed by (East Germany, 1985, TV film, based on the play Varieté) , directed by (Germany, 1992, TV film, based on the novel Ein ernstes Leben) Henri 4, directed by Jo Baier (Germany, 2010, based on the novels Die Jugend des Königs Henri Quatre and Die Vollendung des Königs Henri Quatre) See also Exilliteratur Dohm-Mann family tree Urgent Call for Unity References Further reading Gross, David: The Writer and Society: Heinrich Mann and Literary Politics in Germany, 1890–1940, Humanities Press, New Jersey, 1980, () Hamilton, Nigel: The Brothers Mann: The Lives of Heinrich and Thomas Mann, Yale University Press, (1978), () Juers, Evelyn: House of Exile: The Life and Times of Heinrich Mann and Nelly Kroeger-Mann, Giramondo Publishing Co., Australia, 2008, () Mauthner, Martin: German Writers in French Exile, 1933–1940, Vallentine Mitchell, London, 2007, (). Walter Fähnders/Walter Delabar: Heinrich Mann (1871–1950). Berlin 2005 (Memoria 4) Heinrich Mann's life in California during World War II, including his relationship with Nelly Mann, Thomas Mann and Bertolt Brecht, is a subject of Christopher Hampton's play Tales from Hollywood, where he was played in film by Jeremy Irons (BBC Video Performance: “Tales from Hollywood”, 1992) and on stage by Keir Dullea (Guthrie Theater, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 2012). External links 1871 births 1950 deaths Writers from Lübeck 20th-century German novelists German essayists German biographers Male biographers German poets 19th-century German writers Exilliteratur writers German World War I poets German pacifists German people of Brazilian descent People of the Weimar Republic Heinrich German expatriates in the United States Recipients of the National Prize of East Germany 20th-century biographers German male essayists German male poets German male novelists German anti-fascists 19th-century essayists 20th-century essayists 19th-century German male writers 20th-century German male writers

Luiz (Ludwig<mask> (; 27 March 1871 – 11 March 1950) was a German novelist who wrote works with social themes. From 1930 until 1933 he was president of the fine poetry division of the Prussian Academy of Arts. His numerous criticisms of the growth of fascism forced him to flee Germany after the Nazis came to power during 1933. Early life Born in Lübeck, as the oldest child of Senator <mask>, grain merchant and finance minister of the Free City of Lübeck, a state of the German Empire, and Júlia da Silva Bruhns. He was the elder brother of novelist <mask>. The <mask> family was an affluent family of grain merchants of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck. After the death of his father, his mother relocated the family to Munich, where <mask> began his career as a freier Schriftsteller (free novelist).Work <mask>'s essay on Émile Zola and the novel Der Untertan (published over the years 1912-1918) earned him much respect during the Weimar Republic, since they satirized Imperial German society. Later, in 1930, his book Professor Unrat was freely adapted into the movie Der Blaue Engel (The Blue Angel). Carl Zuckmayer wrote the script, and Josef von Sternberg was the director. <mask> wanted his paramour, the actress Trude Hesterberg, to play the main female part as the "actress" Lola Lola (named Rosa Fröhlich in the novel), but Marlene Dietrich was given the part, her first sound role. Together with Albert Einstein and other celebrities during 1932, <mask> was a signatory to the "Urgent Call for Unity", asking the voters to reject the Nazis. Einstein and <mask> had previously co-authored a letter during 1931 condemning the murder of Croatian scholar Milan Šufflay. <mask> became persona non grata in Nazi Germany and left even before the Reichstag fire of 1933.He went to France where he lived in Paris and Nice. During the German occupation, he made his way to Marseille, where he was aided by Varian Fry in September 1940 to escape to Spain. Assisted by Justus Rosenberg, he and his wife Nelly Kröger, his nephew Golo <mask>, Alma Mahler-Werfel and Franz Werfel hiked for six hours across the border at Port Bou. After arriving in Portugal, the group stayed in Monte Estoril, at the Grande Hotel D’Itália, between 18 September and 4 October 1940. On 4 October 1940, they boarded the S.S. Nea Hellas, headed for New York City. The Nazis burnt <mask>'s books as "contrary to the German spirit" during the infamous book burning of May 10, 1933, which was instigated by the then Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels. Later life During the 1930s and later in American exile, <mask>'s literary popularity waned.Nevertheless, he wrote Die Jugend des Königs Henri Quatre and Die Vollendung des Königs Henri Quatre as part of the Exilliteratur. The two novels described the life and importance of Henry IV of France and were acclaimed by his brother <mask>, who spoke of the "great splendour and dynamic art" of the work. The plot, based on Europe's early modern history from a French perspective, anticipated the end of French–German enmity. His second wife, (1898–1944), committed suicide in Los Angeles. <mask> died on March 11, 1950, sixteen days before his 79th birthday, in Santa Monica, California, lonely and without much money, just months before he was to relocate to East Berlin to become president of the German Academy of Arts. His ashes were later taken to East Germany and were interred at the Dorotheenstadt Cemetery in a grave of honor. Popular culture <mask> was portrayed by Alec Guinness in the 1992 television adaptation of Christopher Hampton's play Tales from Hollywood.In Die Manns – Ein Jahrhundertroman (2001) he was played by Jürgen Hentsch. Walter Fähnders/Walter Delabar: <mask> (1871–1950). Berlin 2005 (Memoria 4) <mask>'s life in California during World War II, including his relationship with Nelly <mask>, <mask> and Bertolt Brecht, is a subject of Christopher Hampton's play Tales from Hollywood, where he was played in film by Jeremy Irons (BBC Video Performance: “Tales from Hollywood”, 1992) and on stage by Keir Dullea (Guthrie Theater, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 2012). External links 1871 births 1950 deaths Writers from Lübeck 20th-century German novelists German essayists German biographers Male biographers German poets 19th-century German writers Exilliteratur writers German World War I poets German pacifists German people of Brazilian descent People of the Weimar Republic Heinrich German expatriates in the United States Recipients of the National Prize of East Germany 20th-century biographers German male essayists German male poets German male novelists German anti-fascists 19th-century essayists 20th-century essayists 19th-century German male writers 20th-century German male writers

<mask> was a German novelist who wrote works with social themes. He was president of the fine poetry division from 1930 to 1933. After the Nazis came to power in 1933, his criticisms of the growth of fascists forced him to flee Germany. Jlia da Silva Bruhns was born in Lbeck, as the oldest child of the grain merchant and finance minister of the Free City of Lbeck. He was the brother of a novelist. The Hanseatic city of Lbeck had an affluent family of grain merchants. After the death of his father, his mother relocated the family to Munich, where he began his career as a freier Schriftsteller.During the Weimar Republic, <mask>'s essay on mile Zola earned him a lot of respect, since they satirized Imperial German society. Professor Unrat was adapted into a movie in 1930. The script was written by Carl Zuckmayer. The actress Trude Hesterberg was supposed to play the main female part in the novel, but she was replaced by the first sound role of her career by the actress Marlene Dietrich. <mask> and Einstein were part of the "Urgent Call for Unity", asking the voters to reject the Nazis. Einstein and <mask> co-authored a letter in 1931 condemning the murder of a Croatian scholar. <mask> was persona non grata in Nazi Germany and left before the Reichstag fire of 1933.He lived in Paris and Nice. He escaped to Spain in September 1940 after being aided by Varian Fry. A group of people, including his nephew Golo <mask>, were hiking for six hours across the border. The group stayed at the Grande Hotel D'Itlia in Monte Estoril after arriving in Portugal. They boarded the S.S. Nea Hellas in October of 1940. The book burning of May 10, 1933, which was instigated by the then Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels, was a protest against the German spirit. <mask>'s literary popularity waned during the 1930s and later in American exile.He wrote Die Jugend des Knigs Henri Quatre and Die Vollendung des Knigs Henri Quatre as part of the Exilliteratur. The life and importance of Henry IV of France was described in the two novels by his brother <mask>. The end of French–German enmity was anticipated in the plot based on Europe's early modern history. His second wife took her own life in Los Angeles. On March 11, 1950, sixteen days before his birthday, <mask> died in Santa Monica, California, lonely and without much money, just months before he was to move to East Berlin to become president of the German Academy of Arts. He was buried in a grave of honor after his ashes were taken to East Germany. <mask> was portrayed by Alec Guinness in the 1992 television adaptation of Tales from Hollywood.He was played by Jrgen Hentsch in Die Manns. Walter Fhnders and Walter Delabar are related. The life of <mask>, who lived in California during World War II, including his relationship with <mask> and Bertolt Brecht, is a subject of the play Tales from Hollywood, where he was played in film by Jeremy Irons. There are links to births and deaths of writers from Lbeck.

14072004

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Pesut

George Pesut

George Matthew Pesut (born June 17, 1953) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. He played in 92 NHL games for the California Golden Seals over two seasons. He also played in 17 WHA games with the Calgary Cowboys during the 1976–77 season. The rest of his career was mainly spent in the minor leagues and in Europe. Early years George Pesut was born in City Hospital in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, a product of a second marriage, both parents of Croatian descent. His birth parents met in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan after both had divorced their Croatian partners. His father, after being released after WW2 from the Esterwegen concentration camp, a brutal, Nazi-run prisoner of war facility, could not convince his wife at the time, to accompany him on moving to Canada to establish a new life. He then left her to begin anew as a Canadian, and settled in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. Pesut's mother on the other hand, had originally married a man of Croatian heritage from Chicago, USA, and they had moved to Hanley, Saskatchewan. They divorced shortly after they were married, at which time Pesut's mother moved to the larger centre Saskatoon where more opportunity and jobs existed. His birth parents both had grown up in the Lika region of Croatia, one town apart in their native country, but had met some 5000 miles away in Canada for the first time. Pesut began his hockey career in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, in the city of Saskatoon. He played his minor hockey in the Saskatoon system and eventually began his junior career with the A level Saskatoon Macs of the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League. A strapping, lanky defenseman, Pesut, at the age of 18, entered the major junior hockey ranks in the 1971-72 season with the Victoria Cougars which was a member of the Western Canada Hockey League, now called the WHL, one of the three the major junior leagues for professional draft eligible players in Canada. The WHL represented the best junior players in Western Canada, the others being the OHL (Ontario Hockey League) and the QMJHL (Quebec Major Junior Hockey League). As a defensive specialist, Pesut played 38 games for the Cougars notching 16 points before being traded to the Flin Flon Bombers in the same season. With the Bombers, Pesut played another 25 games, adding another 11 points to his scoring total, before being traded once again in the 1971-72 WCHL season to the Saskatoon Blades, the major junior team in his hometown. He joined the likes of future NHLers such as Ralph Klassen, Dennis Abgrall, Bob Bourne, Larry Sacharuk, Dave Lewis and Fred Williams. and He finished the season playing 2 games for the Blades, and returned to the team in the '72-'73 season where in his amateur draft year, he played 68 games and recorded his highest scoring total in his WCHL career with 37 points, 12 of which were goals, an impressive feat for a defenseman. He was selected for the WCHL's first team all-star honors in 1973. Professional career In spite of entering major junior hockey late, and only playing 2 full seasons in major junior, Pesut was highly regarded by National Hockey League and World Hockey Association scouts. His defensive "rough and tumble" no nonsense style play was appealing to the pro teams at the time, along with his 6 foot plus frame, and his patented, smooth, "turn on a dime" skating ability. His hard shot and precision from the blue-line were all attributes which afforded him a high placing within the draft rankings in the upcoming 1973-74 NHL and WHA amateur drafts. Pesut also had shown prospective pro teams that he also could provide much needed offense as a rushing defenseman, putting up 37 points in his draft year while still in junior with the Saskatoon Blades. He was also noted as a fearless opponent who took on many of the WCHL's agitators and enforcers, and was known to NHL teams as player who never backed down in support of his teammates. Consequently, he fought many of the NHL enforcers during his stint on various teams in the National Hockey League. As a result of his good play-making ability and toughness, George Pesut was drafted early in the second round at #24 of the 1973 NHL Amateur Draft by St. Louis Blues. Pro scouts had him rated much higher than many upcoming NHLers in the draft and he was selected ahead of other illustrious defensemen of that year, notably Colin Campbell, who was selected later in the second round by the Pittsburgh Penguins, and Pesut's junior teammate Dave Lewis selected in the third round by the New York Islanders. Both went on to lengthy careers in the NHL. At the same time, Pesut was also drafted by the fledgling World Hockey Association's Cleveland Crusaders, at exactly the same draft position as he had been drafted in the NHL, an unusual feat which provided prospective teams with a consistent analysis of his abilities. However, Pesut opted begin his professional career in the NHL and to accept a contract offer with the Blues. He was offered a similar contract which he declined, by the World Hockey Associations' Cleveland Crusaders, who retained his professional rights. After attending the St. Louis Blues training camp in 1973, he was sent down to begin and develop his pro career with the Blue's minor league affiliate, the Denver Spurs in the Western Hockey League. In Denver, he played only 7 games before being traded in November 1973 to the Philadelphia Flyers for Bob Stumpf a defenseman who was a later draft pick in the same draft year as Pesut. He was put on Philadelphia's opening night roster as the only rookie to make the squad, where he recounted in subsequent interviews the surprising, raucous standing ovation from the Philadelphia fans, welcoming the team back after the previous seasons' Stanley Cup win. Following the exhibition season, he was sent to the Flyers AHL affiliate, the Richmond Robins for his continued professional development and to bolster a weak defensive corp for the remainder of the '73-'74 season. He managed 10 points in his first pro season, splitting 45 games between the Spurs and the Robins. At the start of the 1974-'75 NHL season, Pesut attended the Flyer's training camp and played the exhibition schedule with the team, prior to being sent back to the Richmond Robins to start the season. After playing only 8 games with the Robins, Pesut was traded by the Flyers on December 8, 1974 to the California Golden Seals in exchange for the professional rights to centreman Ron Chipperfield, who was playing for the Vancouver Blazers in the WHA at the time. The 1974-75 NHL season saw Pesut report to the California Golden Seals training camp and once again in his career, make the team's opening night roster. In his first full NHL season, Pesut put up a respectable 13 points in 47 games with the Golden Seals, a team which had been struggling as a bonafide NHL team since its inaugural season in 1967. The Golden Seals was primarily assembled from numerous off season trades and first round draft picks, with one of the youngest rosters in the NHL. The young team allowed Pesut to play alongside first year NHL defensemen and first round draft picks like the 18 year old Rick Hampton, who was selected third overall in the 1974 NHL amateur draft. Pesut, was also in good company on the Seal's blueline, coupled with much needed NHL mentorship from 32 year old, storied defenseman, Jim Neilson aka the "Chief". Neilson had played the previous 12 seasons with the New York Rangers and had clocked 1,058 total games in the NHL and World Hockey Association, 1,023 of those games in the NHL. In 1975-76, Pesut, while still under contract with the Seals, was sent to their minor league Central Hockey League affiliate, the Salt Lake Golden Eagles to start the season. He was called back up to the Seals after 7 games with the Golden Eagles where he notched two goals during his brief stint with the team. During the remainder of the season, he played in 45 NHL games with the Seals, where he put up another 3 goals and 9 assists for a 12 point run. Although the team was filled with young talent, the Seals did not make the playoffs either year Pesut played for them, winning only 46 games total in both seasons, surely a disappointment for fans, along with the distinction of having the lowest attendance figures in the NHL, even worse than the soon to be defunct, Kansas City Scouts. The following year included the California Golden Seals moving the struggling team to Cleveland to become the Cleveland Barons for the '76-77 NHL season. At this time, Pesut made the decision to not to join the Barons, and instead leave the NHL for the twelve-team World Hockey Association where the Calgary Cowboys offered him a lucrative contract to jump professional leagues. He also saw the opportunity to play with numerous other NHLers who jumped leagues at the time, including superstars Bobby Hull and Anders Hedberg who were toiling with the Winnipeg Jets. Wearing #2, Pesut logged 17 games for two goals and two total points before injury put him on the sidelines. In the '77-78 season, Pesut signed contracts in the European Leagues, where for three seasons, he played for HC Davos, EHC Dubendorf, EHC Chur in the Swiss and German Elite Pro Leagues. In the 1980-81 season, he resurfaced back in North America on the comeback trail, being offered a tryout from the NHL's Edmonton Oilers. After he had an outstanding training camp, the Oilers and Pesut were faced with a numbers game of good available defensemen. At the time, the Oilers' overall depth on the blueline with the likes of top players such as Paul Coffey, Lee Fogolin and Kevin Lowe shoring up the defensive corps, was one of the best defence squads in the NHL. As a result, Pesut was the odd man out, and eventually signed a one-year contract with the Oilers' farm team, the Wichita Wind, in the Central Hockey League where back in old form, he put up 3 goals and 21 assists with the Wind, for a total of 27 points. Life in the Bay Area During the off-season with the Golden Seals, Pesut was the only member of the squad to live in the Bay Area, where he forged many friendships and relationships with locals and celebrities alike, including the Smothers Brothers. A well-rounded athlete in his own right, Pesut represented professional hockey and the Golden Seals in a televised event, the "Bay Area Decathlon" which featured many superstar professional athletes from all sports competing against each other in basketball, football, tennis and other sports. Pesut's opportunity to throw footballs against NFL greats such as Jim Plunkett, Dan Fouts and the #1 NFL draft pick in 1975, Steve Bartkowski, showcased an all round talent for sports including Pesut's tennis victory in the decathlon over Rick Barry, the NBA scoring champ in 1975. During his tenure in the Bay Area, Pesut also took up tennis, a game of which he excelled in and continues to play at a very high level, today. Post-Hockey Life George Pesut is currently active on the Boards of Directors for many companies, including the global mining industry, which he has been involved in as a consultant and investor for the past 20 years. On the sports side, he is also a present member of the former National Hockey League team the California Golden Seals Alumni, the National Hockey League (NHL) Alumni Association, and the NHLPA (National Hockey League Player Association), contributing his time and expertise to these organizations. He also contributes his time and efforts to specific timely and topical medical issues, primarily speaking to health professionals, players and coaches about the dangers of concussion in professional sports. Along with big name professionals from MLB, the NBA and the NFL, Pesut is a sought after speaker on the medical circuit highlighting the lack of knowledge and training relating to concussion which was available in his playing days, evolving to the identification and protocols used in protecting players in the current professional environment. Pesut's other interests include playing tennis at an elite level, participating in tournaments and teaching and mentoring younger players in the technical aspects of the game. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs Awards, honors and accomplishments Best Defenceman Award Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL Major Junior) 1972-73 season; WCHL All-Star Team, 1972-73; Voted the Best Defenceman in Swiss hockey three consecutive seasons; German Championship winner with Berlin, first team All-star for consecutive seasons in Germany. External links 1953 births Living people Berliner SC players Calgary Cowboys players California Golden Seals players Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Switzerland Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States Canadian ice hockey defencemen Canadian people of Croatian descent Chamonix HC players Cleveland Crusaders draft picks Denver Spurs players ECD Iserlohn players ECD Sauderland players EHC Bayreuth players Erie Blades players HC Davos players Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan Kassel Huskies players Richmond Robins players Salt Lake Golden Eagles (CHL) players Saskatoon Blades players Sportspeople from Saskatoon St. Louis Blues draft picks Tidewater Sharks players Victoria Cougars (WHL) players Wichita Wind players

<mask> (born June 17, 1953) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. He played in 92 NHL games for the California Golden Seals over two seasons. He also played in 17 WHA games with the Calgary Cowboys during the 1976–77 season. The rest of his career was mainly spent in the minor leagues and in Europe. Early years <mask> was born in City Hospital in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, a product of a second marriage, both parents of Croatian descent. His birth parents met in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan after both had divorced their Croatian partners. His father, after being released after WW2 from the Esterwegen concentration camp, a brutal, Nazi-run prisoner of war facility, could not convince his wife at the time, to accompany him on moving to Canada to establish a new life.He then left her to begin anew as a Canadian, and settled in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. <mask>'s mother on the other hand, had originally married a man of Croatian heritage from Chicago, USA, and they had moved to Hanley, Saskatchewan. They divorced shortly after they were married, at which time <mask>'s mother moved to the larger centre Saskatoon where more opportunity and jobs existed. His birth parents both had grown up in the Lika region of Croatia, one town apart in their native country, but had met some 5000 miles away in Canada for the first time. <mask> began his hockey career in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, in the city of Saskatoon. He played his minor hockey in the Saskatoon system and eventually began his junior career with the A level Saskatoon Macs of the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League. A strapping, lanky defenseman, <mask>, at the age of 18, entered the major junior hockey ranks in the 1971-72 season with the Victoria Cougars which was a member of the Western Canada Hockey League, now called the WHL, one of the three the major junior leagues for professional draft eligible players in Canada.The WHL represented the best junior players in Western Canada, the others being the OHL (Ontario Hockey League) and the QMJHL (Quebec Major Junior Hockey League). As a defensive specialist, <mask> played 38 games for the Cougars notching 16 points before being traded to the Flin Flon Bombers in the same season. With the Bombers, <mask> played another 25 games, adding another 11 points to his scoring total, before being traded once again in the 1971-72 WCHL season to the Saskatoon Blades, the major junior team in his hometown. He joined the likes of future NHLers such as Ralph Klassen, Dennis Abgrall, Bob Bourne, Larry Sacharuk, Dave Lewis and Fred Williams. and He finished the season playing 2 games for the Blades, and returned to the team in the '72-'73 season where in his amateur draft year, he played 68 games and recorded his highest scoring total in his WCHL career with 37 points, 12 of which were goals, an impressive feat for a defenseman. He was selected for the WCHL's first team all-star honors in 1973. Professional career In spite of entering major junior hockey late, and only playing 2 full seasons in major junior, <mask> was highly regarded by National Hockey League and World Hockey Association scouts.His defensive "rough and tumble" no nonsense style play was appealing to the pro teams at the time, along with his 6 foot plus frame, and his patented, smooth, "turn on a dime" skating ability. His hard shot and precision from the blue-line were all attributes which afforded him a high placing within the draft rankings in the upcoming 1973-74 NHL and WHA amateur drafts. <mask> also had shown prospective pro teams that he also could provide much needed offense as a rushing defenseman, putting up 37 points in his draft year while still in junior with the Saskatoon Blades. He was also noted as a fearless opponent who took on many of the WCHL's agitators and enforcers, and was known to NHL teams as player who never backed down in support of his teammates. Consequently, he fought many of the NHL enforcers during his stint on various teams in the National Hockey League. As a result of his good play-making ability and toughness, <mask> was drafted early in the second round at #24 of the 1973 NHL Amateur Draft by St. Louis Blues. Pro scouts had him rated much higher than many upcoming NHLers in the draft and he was selected ahead of other illustrious defensemen of that year, notably Colin Campbell, who was selected later in the second round by the Pittsburgh Penguins, and Pesut's junior teammate Dave Lewis selected in the third round by the New York Islanders.Both went on to lengthy careers in the NHL. At the same time, <mask> was also drafted by the fledgling World Hockey Association's Cleveland Crusaders, at exactly the same draft position as he had been drafted in the NHL, an unusual feat which provided prospective teams with a consistent analysis of his abilities. However, <mask> opted begin his professional career in the NHL and to accept a contract offer with the Blues. He was offered a similar contract which he declined, by the World Hockey Associations' Cleveland Crusaders, who retained his professional rights. After attending the St. Louis Blues training camp in 1973, he was sent down to begin and develop his pro career with the Blue's minor league affiliate, the Denver Spurs in the Western Hockey League. In Denver, he played only 7 games before being traded in November 1973 to the Philadelphia Flyers for Bob Stumpf a defenseman who was a later draft pick in the same draft year as <mask>. He was put on Philadelphia's opening night roster as the only rookie to make the squad, where he recounted in subsequent interviews the surprising, raucous standing ovation from the Philadelphia fans, welcoming the team back after the previous seasons' Stanley Cup win.Following the exhibition season, he was sent to the Flyers AHL affiliate, the Richmond Robins for his continued professional development and to bolster a weak defensive corp for the remainder of the '73-'74 season. He managed 10 points in his first pro season, splitting 45 games between the Spurs and the Robins. At the start of the 1974-'75 NHL season, <mask> attended the Flyer's training camp and played the exhibition schedule with the team, prior to being sent back to the Richmond Robins to start the season. After playing only 8 games with the Robins, <mask> was traded by the Flyers on December 8, 1974 to the California Golden Seals in exchange for the professional rights to centreman Ron Chipperfield, who was playing for the Vancouver Blazers in the WHA at the time. The 1974-75 NHL season saw <mask> report to the California Golden Seals training camp and once again in his career, make the team's opening night roster. In his first full NHL season, <mask> put up a respectable 13 points in 47 games with the Golden Seals, a team which had been struggling as a bonafide NHL team since its inaugural season in 1967. The Golden Seals was primarily assembled from numerous off season trades and first round draft picks, with one of the youngest rosters in the NHL.The young team allowed <mask> to play alongside first year NHL defensemen and first round draft picks like the 18 year old Rick Hampton, who was selected third overall in the 1974 NHL amateur draft. <mask>, was also in good company on the Seal's blueline, coupled with much needed NHL mentorship from 32 year old, storied defenseman, Jim Neilson aka the "Chief". Neilson had played the previous 12 seasons with the New York Rangers and had clocked 1,058 total games in the NHL and World Hockey Association, 1,023 of those games in the NHL. In 1975-76, <mask>, while still under contract with the Seals, was sent to their minor league Central Hockey League affiliate, the Salt Lake Golden Eagles to start the season. He was called back up to the Seals after 7 games with the Golden Eagles where he notched two goals during his brief stint with the team. During the remainder of the season, he played in 45 NHL games with the Seals, where he put up another 3 goals and 9 assists for a 12 point run. Although the team was filled with young talent, the Seals did not make the playoffs either year <mask> played for them, winning only 46 games total in both seasons, surely a disappointment for fans, along with the distinction of having the lowest attendance figures in the NHL, even worse than the soon to be defunct, Kansas City Scouts.The following year included the California Golden Seals moving the struggling team to Cleveland to become the Cleveland Barons for the '76-77 NHL season. At this time, <mask> made the decision to not to join the Barons, and instead leave the NHL for the twelve-team World Hockey Association where the Calgary Cowboys offered him a lucrative contract to jump professional leagues. He also saw the opportunity to play with numerous other NHLers who jumped leagues at the time, including superstars Bobby Hull and Anders Hedberg who were toiling with the Winnipeg Jets. Wearing #2, <mask> logged 17 games for two goals and two total points before injury put him on the sidelines. In the '77-78 season, <mask> signed contracts in the European Leagues, where for three seasons, he played for HC Davos, EHC Dubendorf, EHC Chur in the Swiss and German Elite Pro Leagues. In the 1980-81 season, he resurfaced back in North America on the comeback trail, being offered a tryout from the NHL's Edmonton Oilers. After he had an outstanding training camp, the Oilers and <mask> were faced with a numbers game of good available defensemen.At the time, the Oilers' overall depth on the blueline with the likes of top players such as Paul Coffey, Lee Fogolin and Kevin Lowe shoring up the defensive corps, was one of the best defence squads in the NHL. As a result, <mask> was the odd man out, and eventually signed a one-year contract with the Oilers' farm team, the Wichita Wind, in the Central Hockey League where back in old form, he put up 3 goals and 21 assists with the Wind, for a total of 27 points. Life in the Bay Area During the off-season with the Golden Seals, <mask> was the only member of the squad to live in the Bay Area, where he forged many friendships and relationships with locals and celebrities alike, including the Smothers Brothers. A well-rounded athlete in his own right, Pesut represented professional hockey and the Golden Seals in a televised event, the "Bay Area Decathlon" which featured many superstar professional athletes from all sports competing against each other in basketball, football, tennis and other sports. <mask>'s opportunity to throw footballs against NFL greats such as Jim Plunkett, Dan Fouts and the #1 NFL draft pick in 1975, Steve Bartkowski, showcased an all round talent for sports including Pesut's tennis victory in the decathlon over Rick Barry, the NBA scoring champ in 1975. During his tenure in the Bay Area, <mask> also took up tennis, a game of which he excelled in and continues to play at a very high level, today. Post-Hockey Life <mask> is currently active on the Boards of Directors for many companies, including the global mining industry, which he has been involved in as a consultant and investor for the past 20 years.On the sports side, he is also a present member of the former National Hockey League team the California Golden Seals Alumni, the National Hockey League (NHL) Alumni Association, and the NHLPA (National Hockey League Player Association), contributing his time and expertise to these organizations. He also contributes his time and efforts to specific timely and topical medical issues, primarily speaking to health professionals, players and coaches about the dangers of concussion in professional sports. Along with big name professionals from MLB, the NBA and the NFL, <mask> is a sought after speaker on the medical circuit highlighting the lack of knowledge and training relating to concussion which was available in his playing days, evolving to the identification and protocols used in protecting players in the current professional environment. Pesut's other interests include playing tennis at an elite level, participating in tournaments and teaching and mentoring younger players in the technical aspects of the game. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs Awards, honors and accomplishments Best Defenceman Award Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL Major Junior) 1972-73 season; WCHL All-Star Team, 1972-73; Voted the Best Defenceman in Swiss hockey three consecutive seasons; German Championship winner with Berlin, first team All-star for consecutive seasons in Germany. External links 1953 births Living people Berliner SC players Calgary Cowboys players California Golden Seals players Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Switzerland Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States Canadian ice hockey defencemen Canadian people of Croatian descent Chamonix HC players Cleveland Crusaders draft picks Denver Spurs players ECD Iserlohn players ECD Sauderland players EHC Bayreuth players Erie Blades players HC Davos players Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan Kassel Huskies players Richmond Robins players Salt Lake Golden Eagles (CHL) players Saskatoon Blades players Sportspeople from Saskatoon St. Louis Blues draft picks Tidewater Sharks players Victoria Cougars (WHL) players Wichita Wind players

<mask> is a retired professional ice hockey player. He played in 92 NHL games for the Golden Seals. He played in 17 WHA games with the Cowboys. He spent most of his career in Europe and the minor leagues. <mask> was the product of a second marriage and was born in a hospital in Canada. His birth parents met when they divorced their Croatian partners. After being released from a Nazi concentration camp, his father was unable to convince his wife to accompany him to Canada to start a new life.He left her to become a Canadian and settled in the province. <mask>'s mother was originally married to a man of Croatian heritage from Chicago, USA, and they moved to Hanley, Canada. <mask>'s mother moved to the larger centre of SASKATOON after they divorced. He met his birth parents in Canada for the first time, but they had grown up in Croatia, one town apart from their native country. <mask> began his hockey career in the province of SASKATCHEWAN. He began his junior career with the A level Saskatoon Macs of the Saskatchewan Junior Hockey League after playing minor hockey. <mask> entered the major junior hockey ranks at the age of 18 and went on to play in the Western Canada Hockey League, one of the three major junior leagues for professional draft eligible players.The best junior hockey players in Western Canada were represented by the WHL. <mask> played 38 games for the Cougars and scored 16 points before being traded to the Flin Flon Bombers. <mask> played for the Bombers for 25 games, adding another 11 points to his scoring total, before being traded for a second time to the Blades, the major junior team in his hometown. He joined the likes of future NHLers such as Dennis Abgrall and Dave Lewis. He played 2 games for the Blades in the 1972-'72 season and recorded his highest scoring total in his career with 37 points, 12 of which were goals. He was selected for the first team in 1973. <mask> was highly regarded by National Hockey League and World Hockey Association scouts despite only playing 2 full seasons in major junior.His defensive "rough and tumble" no nonsense style play was appealing to the pro teams at the time, along with his 6 foot plus frame, and his patented, smooth, "turn on a dime" skating ability. His hard shot and precision from the blue-line gave him a high placing in the upcoming 1973-74 NHL and WHA amateur drafts. <mask> showed prospective pro teams that he could provide offense as a rushing defense, putting up 37 points in his draft year while still in junior. He was known to NHL teams as a player who never backed down in support of his teammates, and as a fearless opponent who took on many of the WCHL's agitators and enforcers. He fought many of the NHL enforcers during his time in the league. <mask> was drafted in the second round of the 1973 NHL Amateur Draft by the St. Louis Blues. Colin Campbell and Dave Lewis were both drafted later in the second and third rounds, respectively, but <mask> was the only one who was rated higher by the pro scouts.Both went on to long careers in the NHL. <mask> was drafted by the World Hockey Association's Cleveland Crusaders at the same position as he had been drafted in the NHL, an unusual feat which provided prospective teams with a consistent analysis of his abilities. <mask> accepted a contract offer with the Blues and began his career in the NHL. The World Hockey Associations' Cleveland Crusaders retained his professional rights after he declined a similar contract. He was sent to the Denver Spurs in the Western Hockey League after attending the St. Louis Blues training camp in 1973. He played 7 games in Denver before being traded to Philadelphia for Bob Stumpf, who was a later draft pick in the same year as <mask>mond Robins for his continued professional development and to bolster a weak defensive corps for the remainder of the'73-'74 season. He scored 10 points in his first pro season, but only played in 45 games. At the start of the 1974-'75 NHL season, <mask> attended the Flyer's training camp and played the exhibition schedule with the team, before being sent back to the Robins to start the season. <mask> was traded to the California Golden Seals on December 8, 1974 in exchange for the rights to centreman Ron Chipperfield, who was playing in the WHA at the time. The 1974-75 NHL season saw <mask> report to the California Golden Seals training camp and once again make the team's opening night roster. In his first full NHL season, <mask> put up 13 points in 47 games with the Golden Seals, a team which had been struggling as a bonafide NHL team since its inaugural season in 1967. The Golden Seals were assembled from a number of off season trades and first round draft picks.<mask> was allowed to play with first year NHL defenders and first round draft picks like the 18 year old Rick Hampton, who was selected third overall in the 1974 NHL amateur draft. <mask> was in good company on the Seal's blueline, with NHL mentorship from Jim Neilson the "Chief". During his 12 seasons with the New York Rangers, he played in 1,058 games in the NHL and the World Hockey Association. <mask>, who was still under contract with the Seals, was sent to the Salt Lake Golden Eagles to start the season. He was called back up to the Seals after 7 games with the Golden Eagles where he scored two goals. He played in 45 NHL games for the Seals, scoring 3 goals and 9 assists for a 12 point run. Although the team was filled with young talent, the Seals did not make the playoffs in both of <mask>'s seasons, a disappointment for fans and even worse than the NHL's lowest attendance figures.The Golden Seals moved to Cleveland to become the Barons for the '76-77 NHL season. <mask> decided not to join the Barons and instead left the NHL for the World Hockey Association where he was offered a lucrative contract. He was able to play with many other NHLers who jumped leagues at the time, including superstars Bobby Hull and Anders Hedberg. <mask> played 17 games for two goals and two points before he was injured. <mask> played for a number of teams in the European Leagues and the Swiss and German Elite Pro Leagues. He was offered a tryout by the NHL'sEdmontonOilers in the 1980-81 season. <mask> was faced with a numbers game after he had an outstanding training camp.The depth on the blueline with the likes of Paul Coffey, Lee Fogolin and Kevin Lowe was one of the best in the NHL at the time. <mask> signed a one-year contract with the Wind in the Central Hockey League, where he put up 3 goals and 21 assists, for a total of 27. During the off-season with the Golden Seals, <mask> was the only member of the squad to live in the Bay Area, where he forged many relationships with locals and celebrities. A well-rounded athlete in his own right, Pesut represented professional hockey and the Golden Seals in a televised event, the "Bay Area Decathlon" which featured many superstar professional athletes from all sports competing against each other in basketball, football, tennis and other sports. Pesut's ability to throw footballs against NFL greats such as Jim Plunkett, Dan Fouts and the #1 NFL draft pick in 1975, Steve Bartkowski, showcased an all round talent for sports including <mask>'s tennis victory in the decathlon over Rick Barry, the NBA scoring Pesut excelled in tennis while he was in the Bay Area and continues to play at a very high level today. <mask> has been involved with the global mining industry as a consultant and investor for the past 20 years.He is a present member of the former National Hockey League team the California Golden Seals Alumni, the National Hockey League Alumni Association, and the NHLPA, as well as contributing his time and expertise to these organizations. He speaks to health professionals, players and coaches about the dangers of concussion in professional sports. <mask> is a sought after speaker on the medical circuit highlighting the lack of knowledge and training relating to concussion which was available in his playing days, evolving to the identification and protocols used in protecting players in the current professional environment. <mask>'s other interests include playing tennis at an elite level, participating in tournaments and teaching and mentoring younger players in the technical aspects of the game. Best Defenceman Award Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL Major Junior) 1972- 73 season; voted the Best Defenceman in Swiss hockey three consecutive seasons; German Championship winner with Berlin. Canadian expatriate ice hockey players are in the United States, while Canadian people of Croatian descent are in the United States.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale%20Bumpers

Dale Bumpers

Dale Leon Bumpers (August 12, 1925 – January 1, 2016) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 38th Governor of Arkansas (1971–1975) and in the United States Senate (1975–1999). He was a member of the Democratic Party. Prior to his death, he was counsel at the Washington, D.C., office of law firm Arent Fox LLP, where his clients included Riceland Foods and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. Background Bumpers was born August 12, 1925, in Charleston in Franklin County, in west central Arkansas, near the larger city of Fort Smith, the son of William Rufus Bumpers (1888–1949), who served in the Arkansas House of Representatives in the early 1930s, and the former Lattie Jones (1889–1949). Bumpers's brother, Raymond J. Bumpers (1912–1916), died of dysentery. Another older brother, Carroll Bumpers, was born in 1921. He has a sister named Margaret. Bumpers's parents died five days apart in March 1949 of injuries sustained in an automobile accident; the couple is interred at Nixon Cemetery in Franklin County. Bumpers attended public schools and the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville in Washington County. He served in the United States Marine Corps from 1943 to 1946 during World War II. Bumpers graduated from Northwestern University Law School in Chicago, Illinois, in 1951. From his time in Illinois, he became a great admirer of Adlai Stevenson, II, the Democratic presidential candidate in 1952 and 1956. Bumpers was admitted to the Arkansas bar in 1952 and began practicing law in his hometown that same year. He was from 1952 to 1970 the Charleston city attorney. He served as of the Arkansas Supreme Court in 1968. Bumpers lost his 1962 bid for the same state House seat once represented by his father, who had wanted to run for the United States House of Representatives but could not amass the funding to do so. Governor of Arkansas Bumpers was virtually unknown when he announced his campaign for governor in 1970. Despite his lack of name recognition, his oratorical skills, personal charm, and outsider image put him in a runoff election for the Democratic nomination with former governor Orval Faubus. Two other serious candidates were Attorney General Joe Purcell of Benton in Saline County and the outgoing Speaker of the Arkansas House, Hayes McClerkin of Texarkana. Bumpers barely edged out Purcell for the runoff berth but then easily defeated Faubus. In the general election, he swamped the incumbent moderate Republican Governor Winthrop Rockefeller. It was a Democratic year nationally, and the tide benefited Bumpers. Like Jimmy Carter of Georgia, Reubin O. Askew in Florida and John C. West of South Carolina, Bumpers was often described as a new kind of Southern Democrat who would bring reform to his state and the Democratic Party. His victory over Rockefeller ushered in a new era of youthful reform-minded governors, including two of his successors, David Pryor (who would later serve alongside Bumpers in the Senate) and future U.S. President Bill Clinton. In the 1972 Democratic primary, Bumpers easily defeated two opponents, including the highly regarded State Senator Q. Byrum Hurst of Hot Springs. In the general election, he defeated the Republican Len E. Blaylock of Perry County even as Richard M. Nixon was handily winning Arkansas in the presidential race. U.S. Senate elections Bumpers was elected to the United States Senate in 1974. He unseated the incumbent James William Fulbright in the Democratic primary by a wide margin and then overwhelmed the Republican lawyer and banker John Harris Jones (born 1922) of Pine Bluff. In the 1974 Senate race, Jones accused Bumpers of excessive spending as governor, citing the construction of a $186 million state office complex. Bumpers not only ignored Jones but instead campaigned mostly for the young Democrat Bill Clinton, who failed in that heavily Democratic year to unseat Republican U.S. Representative John Paul Hammerschmidt in Arkansas's 3rd congressional district. Bumpers polled 461,056 votes (84.9%) to Jones's 82,026 (15.1%), the weakest Republican showing since the insurance executive Victor M. Wade of Batesville lost to Fulbright in 1944. Time magazine wrote that "many to their sorrow have had trouble taking Bumpers seriously ... Dandy Dale, the man with one speech, a shoeshine, and a smile." In 1980, Bumpers comfortably survived, 477,905 votes (59.1 percent) to 330,576 (40.9 percent), the Ronald W. Reagan victory in Arkansas by defeating the Republican candidate, William P. "Bill" Clark (born 1943), a Little Rock investment banker who filed for the Senate only one hour prior to the deadline. (This William Clark is unrelated to the Reagan confidante William P. Clark, Jr. (1931–2013)). In his unsuccessful 1976 race as a Democrat for Arkansas's 2nd congressional district seat, "Bill" Clark had passed out twenty thousand Clark candy bars but received fewer votes and was saddled with an unpaid campaign debt exceeding $30,000. Clark accused Bumpers of being "fuzzy on the issues" and challenged Bumpers's support for gasoline rationing during the energy crisis. Clark criticized Bumpers for having voted against defense appropriations twenty-three times between 1975 and 1978 and noted, "Only this year [when seeking reelection] he has voted for a couple of defense items." Clark questioned Bumpers's opposition to school prayer and support for the Panama Canal Treaties of 1978, an issue which Reagan had used against President Jimmy Carter as well. Clark further claimed that Bumpers had derided citizens of Newton County, a frequent Republican stronghold in Arkansas, as "stupid hill people".<ref>Arkansas Gazette, November 2, 1980</ref> Newton County in turn cast 57.2 percent of its votes for Clark, who prevailed in twelve of the state's seventy-five counties, mostly those in the northwestern section of the state. Clark also carried Bumpers's home county of Franklin. The Republican hopeful asked voters, "If Dale Bumpers doesn't vote for you, why should you vote for him?" Unlike Bumpers, Bill Clinton lost in the Reagan electoral vote landslide, temporarily sidelined by the Republican Frank D. White. In 1986, Bumpers defeated his Republican opponent, later U.S. Representative for Arkansas's 3rd congressional district and Governor Asa Hutchinson. In 1992, after besting State Auditor Julia Hughes Jones with 64 percent of the vote in the Democratic primary, he defeated future governor Mike Huckabee in the general election. The next year, Jones switched to the GOP and unsuccessfully ran for secretary of state in 1994. In 1998, when Bumpers retired, the Democratic choice, former U. S. Representative Blanche Lambert Lincoln of Arkansas's 1st congressional district, comfortably defeated the Republican nominee, Fay Boozman, a state senator who was later the Arkansas Department of Health director under Governor Huckabee. Senate tenure Bumpers was elected to the Senate four times, beginning with his huge victory over Fulbright, the veteran chairman of the United States Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Bumpers chaired the Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship from 1987 until 1995, when the GOP took control of the Senate for a dozen years following the 1994 elections. Bumpers served as ranking minority member of the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources from 1997 until his retirement in 1999. In the Senate, Bumpers was known for his oratorical skills and for his prodigious respect for the Constitution of the United States. He never supported any constitutional amendment. Bumpers decided not to seek the Democratic presidential nomination in 1984 and 1988, despite support from many colleagues, including Senator Paul Simon of Illinois, who ultimately also contested the 1988 nomination won by Michael Dukakis. Initially named as one of Walter Mondale's top potential choices for his vice presidential running mate in 1984, he took his name out of the running early in the process. Bumpers stated that his main reason for not running was fear of "a total disruption of the closeness my family has cherished." Many observers felt that Bumpers perhaps lacked the obsessive ambition required of a presidential candidate, especially one who would have started out the process with low name identification. Another factor often mentioned was Bumpers's key vote in killing labor law reform in 1978, a vote that angered organized labor and had clearly not been forgotten by labor leaders nearly a decade later. Clinton impeachment After his retirement from the Senate, Bumpers, a self-declared close friend of President Clinton, acted as defense attorney during Clinton's impeachment trial. He gave an impassioned closing argument during the Senate trial. Quotes from the closing argument of the White House presentation, January 21, 1999: Honors In 1995, the University of Arkansas-Fayetteville founded the Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences in his honor. In 2014, the White River National Wildlife Refuge in Arkansas was renamed "Dale Bumpers White River National Wildlife Refuge". At a dedication ceremony, Daniel M. Ashe, director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, said: The Service is proud to recognize the many contributions Senator Bumpers has made to give many future generations the same opportunity to enjoy Arkansas' natural beauty as we have had. He is a giant among conservationists and a visionary who followed an unconventional path to set aside some of Arkansas' last wild places. It is fitting that he will be forever linked with the White River. Causes Bumpers and his wife Betty were both known for their dedication to the cause of childhood immunization. The Dale and Betty Bumpers Vaccine Research Center (VRC) at the National Institutes of Health was established by former president Clinton to facilitate research in vaccine development. Early in his legal career, the Charleston School Board asked his advice on how it should respond to the United States Supreme Court decision in the 1954 case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, which found the segregation of public schools on the basis of race to be unconstitutional. Bumpers advised the school board to comply with the decision immediately. In July 1954, the board voted to desegregate its schools, and on August 23, 1954, the school year began with eleven African-American children attending schools in Charleston. This prompt action to desegregate public schools was rare: The Charleston School District was the first in the eleven states that comprised the former Confederacy to integrate their public schools following the Supreme Court decision. Bumpers opposed constitutional amendments throughout his Senate tenure and was critical of his Republican colleague, Jesse Helms of North Carolina for attempting that route to enact conservative policy proposals. However, Bumpers said that he worked well with Republican leaders Howard Baker and Bob Dole. Death After a period of failing health, Bumpers died on January 1, 2016, at his home in Little Rock at the age of 90. He had Alzheimer's disease and had sustained a broken hip shortly before his death. Bumpers in fiction In Jeffrey Archer's 1977 novel Shall We Tell the President?, Bumpers was elected as the Vice President of the United States in a ticket headed by Ted Kennedy, defeating Ronald Reagan during the 1984 election. In the 1986 revised edition of the novel, Archer replaced Kennedy with the fictional character of Florentyna Kane, and Bumpers with the real-life Senator Bill Bradley of New Jersey. Electoral history of Dale Bumpers 1970 Democratic primary for governor Orval Faubus 36% Dale Bumpers 20% Joe Purcell 19% Hayes McClerkin 10% Bill Wells 8% Robert Compton 4% James M. Malone 2% William S. Cheek 1% 1970 Democratic primary runoff for governor Dale Bumpers 58% Orval Faubus 42% 1970 general election for governor Dale Bumpers (D) 62% Winthrop Rockefeller (R) 32% Walter Carruth (AIP) 6% 1972 Democratic primary for governor Dale Bumpers (inc.) 67% Q. Byrum Hurst 16% Mack Harbour 11% George W. Davis 5% Lester Gibbs 1% 1972 General Election for Governor Dale Bumpers (D) (inc.) 75% Len Blaylock (R) 25% 1974 Democratic primary for United States Senate Dale Bumpers 65% J. William Fulbright 35% 1974 General Election for United States Senate Dale Bumpers (D) 85% John Harris Jones (R) 15% 1980 General Election for United States Senate Dale Bumpers (D) (inc.) 55% Bill Clark (R) 44% Walter T. "Mac" McCarty (I) 1% 1986 General Election for United States Senate Dale Bumpers (D) (inc.) 62% Asa Hutchinson (R) 38% 1992 Democratic primary for United States Senate Dale Bumpers (inc.) 64% Julia Hughes Jones 36% 1992 general election for United States Senate Dale Bumpers (D) (inc.) 60% Mike Huckabee (R) 40% Bibliography Notes References Bumpers, Dale. The Best Lawyer in a One-Lawyer Town: A Memoir. New York: Random House, 2003. Clinton, Bill (2005). My Life''. Vintage. . Complete text and audio and video of Dale Bumpers's Closing Defense Arguments at the Impeachment Trial of William Jefferson Clinton Defense Who's Who", Washington Post, January 19, 1999 Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture entry: Dale Leon Bumpers Transcript: Former Senator Dale Bumpers – Senate Floor January 21, 1999 External links U.S. Senator Dale Bumpers official U.S. Senate website (archived from 1998) Oral History Interview with Dale Bumpers from Oral Histories of the American South |- |- |- |- |- 1925 births 2016 deaths 20th-century American lawyers 20th-century American politicians 21st-century American lawyers American memoirists United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II American United Methodists Arkansas Democrats Arkansas lawyers Justices of the Arkansas Supreme Court City and town attorneys in the United States Democratic Party state governors of the United States Democratic Party United States senators Governors of Arkansas Clinton–Lewinsky scandal Military personnel from Arkansas Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law alumni People from Charleston, Arkansas United States Marine Corps officers Candidates in the 1980 United States presidential election United States senators from Arkansas University of Arkansas alumni

<mask> (August 12, 1925 – January 1, 2016) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 38th Governor of Arkansas (1971–1975) and in the United States Senate (1975–1999). He was a member of the Democratic Party. Prior to his death, he was counsel at the Washington, D.C., office of law firm Arent Fox LLP, where his clients included Riceland Foods and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. Background Bumpers was born August 12, 1925, in Charleston in Franklin County, in west central Arkansas, near the larger city of Fort Smith, the son of <mask> (1888–1949), who served in the Arkansas House of Representatives in the early 1930s, and the former Lattie Jones (1889–1949). Bumpers's brother, Raymond J<mask> (1912–1916), died of dysentery. Another older brother, <mask>, was born in 1921.He has a sister named Margaret. Bumpers's parents died five days apart in March 1949 of injuries sustained in an automobile accident; the couple is interred at Nixon Cemetery in Franklin County. Bumpers attended public schools and the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville in Washington County. He served in the United States Marine Corps from 1943 to 1946 during World War II. Bumpers graduated from Northwestern University Law School in Chicago, Illinois, in 1951. From his time in Illinois, he became a great admirer of Adlai Stevenson, II, the Democratic presidential candidate in 1952 and 1956. Bumpers was admitted to the Arkansas bar in 1952 and began practicing law in his hometown that same year.He was from 1952 to 1970 the Charleston city attorney. He served as of the Arkansas Supreme Court in 1968. Bumpers lost his 1962 bid for the same state House seat once represented by his father, who had wanted to run for the United States House of Representatives but could not amass the funding to do so. Governor of Arkansas <mask> was virtually unknown when he announced his campaign for governor in 1970. Despite his lack of name recognition, his oratorical skills, personal charm, and outsider image put him in a runoff election for the Democratic nomination with former governor Orval Faubus. Two other serious candidates were Attorney General Joe Purcell of Benton in Saline County and the outgoing Speaker of the Arkansas House, Hayes McClerkin of Texarkana. Bumpers barely edged out Purcell for the runoff berth but then easily defeated Faubus.In the general election, he swamped the incumbent moderate Republican Governor Winthrop Rockefeller. It was a Democratic year nationally, and the tide benefited Bumpers. Like Jimmy Carter of Georgia, Reubin O. Askew in Florida and John C. West of South Carolina, Bumpers was often described as a new kind of Southern Democrat who would bring reform to his state and the Democratic Party. His victory over Rockefeller ushered in a new era of youthful reform-minded governors, including two of his successors, David Pryor (who would later serve alongside Bumpers in the Senate) and future U.S. President Bill Clinton. In the 1972 Democratic primary, Bumpers easily defeated two opponents, including the highly regarded State Senator Q. Byrum Hurst of Hot Springs. In the general election, he defeated the Republican Len E. Blaylock of Perry County even as Richard M. Nixon was handily winning Arkansas in the presidential race. U.S. Senate elections Bumpers was elected to the United States Senate in 1974.He unseated the incumbent James William Fulbright in the Democratic primary by a wide margin and then overwhelmed the Republican lawyer and banker John Harris Jones (born 1922) of Pine Bluff. In the 1974 Senate race, Jones accused Bumpers of excessive spending as governor, citing the construction of a $186 million state office complex. Bumpers not only ignored Jones but instead campaigned mostly for the young Democrat Bill Clinton, who failed in that heavily Democratic year to unseat Republican U.S. Representative John Paul Hammerschmidt in Arkansas's 3rd congressional district. Bumpers polled 461,056 votes (84.9%) to Jones's 82,026 (15.1%), the weakest Republican showing since the insurance executive Victor M. Wade of Batesville lost to Fulbright in 1944. Time magazine wrote that "many to their sorrow have had trouble taking Bumpers seriously ... Dandy <mask>, the man with one speech, a shoeshine, and a smile." In 1980, Bumpers comfortably survived, 477,905 votes (59.1 percent) to 330,576 (40.9 percent), the Ronald W. Reagan victory in Arkansas by defeating the Republican candidate, William P. "Bill" Clark (born 1943), a Little Rock investment banker who filed for the Senate only one hour prior to the deadline. (This William Clark is unrelated to the Reagan confidante William P. Clark, Jr. (1931–2013)).In his unsuccessful 1976 race as a Democrat for Arkansas's 2nd congressional district seat, "Bill" Clark had passed out twenty thousand Clark candy bars but received fewer votes and was saddled with an unpaid campaign debt exceeding $30,000. Clark accused Bumpers of being "fuzzy on the issues" and challenged Bumpers's support for gasoline rationing during the energy crisis. Clark criticized Bumpers for having voted against defense appropriations twenty-three times between 1975 and 1978 and noted, "Only this year [when seeking reelection] he has voted for a couple of defense items." Clark questioned Bumpers's opposition to school prayer and support for the Panama Canal Treaties of 1978, an issue which Reagan had used against President Jimmy Carter as well. Clark further claimed that Bumpers had derided citizens of Newton County, a frequent Republican stronghold in Arkansas, as "stupid hill people".<ref>Arkansas Gazette, November 2, 1980</ref> Newton County in turn cast 57.2 percent of its votes for Clark, who prevailed in twelve of the state's seventy-five counties, mostly those in the northwestern section of the state. Clark also carried Bumpers's home county of Franklin. The Republican hopeful asked voters, "If <mask>ers doesn't vote for you, why should you vote for him?"Unlike Bumpers, Bill Clinton lost in the Reagan electoral vote landslide, temporarily sidelined by the Republican Frank D. White. In 1986, Bumpers defeated his Republican opponent, later U.S. Representative for Arkansas's 3rd congressional district and Governor Asa Hutchinson. In 1992, after besting State Auditor Julia Hughes Jones with 64 percent of the vote in the Democratic primary, he defeated future governor Mike Huckabee in the general election. The next year, Jones switched to the GOP and unsuccessfully ran for secretary of state in 1994. In 1998, when Bumpers retired, the Democratic choice, former U. S. Representative Blanche Lambert Lincoln of Arkansas's 1st congressional district, comfortably defeated the Republican nominee, Fay Boozman, a state senator who was later the Arkansas Department of Health director under Governor Huckabee. Senate tenure Bumpers was elected to the Senate four times, beginning with his huge victory over Fulbright, the veteran chairman of the United States Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Bumpers chaired the Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship from 1987 until 1995, when the GOP took control of the Senate for a dozen years following the 1994 elections.Bumpers served as ranking minority member of the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources from 1997 until his retirement in 1999. In the Senate, Bumpers was known for his oratorical skills and for his prodigious respect for the Constitution of the United States. He never supported any constitutional amendment. Bumpers decided not to seek the Democratic presidential nomination in 1984 and 1988, despite support from many colleagues, including Senator Paul Simon of Illinois, who ultimately also contested the 1988 nomination won by Michael Dukakis. Initially named as one of Walter Mondale's top potential choices for his vice presidential running mate in 1984, he took his name out of the running early in the process. Bumpers stated that his main reason for not running was fear of "a total disruption of the closeness my family has cherished." Many observers felt that Bumpers perhaps lacked the obsessive ambition required of a presidential candidate, especially one who would have started out the process with low name identification.Another factor often mentioned was Bumpers's key vote in killing labor law reform in 1978, a vote that angered organized labor and had clearly not been forgotten by labor leaders nearly a decade later. Clinton impeachment After his retirement from the Senate, Bumpers, a self-declared close friend of President Clinton, acted as defense attorney during Clinton's impeachment trial. He gave an impassioned closing argument during the Senate trial. Quotes from the closing argument of the White House presentation, January 21, 1999: Honors In 1995, the University of Arkansas-Fayetteville founded the Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences in his honor. In 2014, the White River National Wildlife Refuge in Arkansas was renamed "Dale Bumpers White River National Wildlife Refuge". At a dedication ceremony, Daniel M. Ashe, director of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, said: The Service is proud to recognize the many contributions Senator <mask> has made to give many future generations the same opportunity to enjoy Arkansas' natural beauty as we have had. He is a giant among conservationists and a visionary who followed an unconventional path to set aside some of Arkansas' last wild places.It is fitting that he will be forever linked with the White River. Causes Bumpers and his wife Betty were both known for their dedication to the cause of childhood immunization. The Dale and Betty Bumpers Vaccine Research Center (VRC) at the National Institutes of Health was established by former president Clinton to facilitate research in vaccine development. Early in his legal career, the Charleston School Board asked his advice on how it should respond to the United States Supreme Court decision in the 1954 case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, which found the segregation of public schools on the basis of race to be unconstitutional. Bumpers advised the school board to comply with the decision immediately. In July 1954, the board voted to desegregate its schools, and on August 23, 1954, the school year began with eleven African-American children attending schools in Charleston. This prompt action to desegregate public schools was rare: The Charleston School District was the first in the eleven states that comprised the former Confederacy to integrate their public schools following the Supreme Court decision.Bumpers opposed constitutional amendments throughout his Senate tenure and was critical of his Republican colleague, Jesse Helms of North Carolina for attempting that route to enact conservative policy proposals. However, Bumpers said that he worked well with Republican leaders Howard Baker and Bob Dole. Death After a period of failing health, Bumpers died on January 1, 2016, at his home in Little Rock at the age of 90. He had Alzheimer's disease and had sustained a broken hip shortly before his death. Bumpers in fiction In Jeffrey Archer's 1977 novel Shall We Tell the President?, Bumpers was elected as the Vice President of the United States in a ticket headed by Ted Kennedy, defeating Ronald Reagan during the 1984 election. In the 1986 revised edition of the novel, Archer replaced Kennedy with the fictional character of Florentyna Kane, and Bumpers with the real-life Senator Bill Bradley of New Jersey. The Best Lawyer in a One-Lawyer Town: A Memoir.New York: Random House, 2003. Clinton, Bill (2005). My Life''. Vintage. . Complete text and audio and video of <mask>'s Closing Defense Arguments at the Impeachment Trial of William Jefferson Clinton Defense Who's Who", Washington Post, January 19, 1999 Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture entry: <mask> Bumpers Transcript: Former Senator <mask> – Senate Floor January 21, 1999 External links U.S. Senator <mask>ers official U.S. Senate website (archived from 1998) Oral History Interview with <mask> from Oral Histories of the American South |- |- |- |- |- 1925 births 2016 deaths 20th-century American lawyers 20th-century American politicians 21st-century American lawyers American memoirists United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II American United Methodists Arkansas Democrats Arkansas lawyers Justices of the Arkansas Supreme Court City and town attorneys in the United States Democratic Party state governors of the United States Democratic Party United States senators Governors of Arkansas Clinton–Lewinsky scandal Military personnel from Arkansas Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law alumni People from Charleston, Arkansas United States Marine Corps officers Candidates in the 1980 United States presidential election United States senators from Arkansas University of Arkansas alumni

<mask> was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 38th Governor of Arkansas and the United States Senate. He belonged to the Democratic Party. Riceland Foods and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences were his clients before he died. The son of <mask>, who served in the Arkansas House of Representatives in the early 1930s, <mask> was born in Charleston in Franklin County, in west central Arkansas, near the larger city of Fort Smith. Raymond J<mask>'s brother. Bumpers died of dysentery. <mask> was born in 1921.Margaret is his sister. Bumpers's parents died of injuries sustained in an automobile accident five days apart in March 1949 and are buried at Nixon Cemetery in Franklin County. In Washington County, Bumpers attended public schools and the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville. He was in the United States Marine Corps during World War II. In 1951, Bumpers graduated from the law school. Adlai Stevenson, II, the Democratic presidential candidate in 1952 and 1956, became a great admirer of him from his time in Illinois. Bumpers began practicing law in his hometown after he was admitted to the Arkansas bar.He was the city attorney of Charleston from 1952 to 1970. He was a justice on the Arkansas Supreme Court. Bumpers lost his 1962 bid for the same state House seat once represented by his father, who had wanted to run for the United States House of Representatives but couldn't afford it. When <mask> announced his campaign for governor in 1970, he was barely known. Despite his lack of name recognition, his oratorical skills, personal charm, and outsider image, he was able to win the Democratic nomination over former governor Orval Faubus. The outgoing Speaker of the Arkansas House and the Attorney General were both serious candidates. <mask> easily defeated Faubus in the second round.He defeated the moderate Republican governor in the general election. Bumpers had a good year because of the tide. Like Jimmy Carter of Georgia, Reubin O. Askew in Florida and John C. West of South Carolina, Bumpers was described as a new kind of Southern Democrat who would bring reform to his state and the Democratic Party. His victory over Rockefeller ushered in a new era of youthful reform-minded governors, including two of his successors, David Pryor and Bumpers. Bumpers easily defeated two opponents in the 1972 Democratic primary. He defeated Blaylock in the general election despite Nixon's victory in the presidential race. Bumpers was elected to the United States Senate in 1974.He defeated John Harris Jones in the Republican primary after ousting the incumbent James William Fulbright in the Democratic primary. The construction of a $186 million state office complex was accused of excessive spending by Jones in the 1974 Senate race. In Arkansas's 3rd congressional district, Bumpers ignored Jones, instead campaigning for Bill Clinton, who lost to John Paul Hammerschmidt. Since 1944, the weakest Republican showing has been when the insurance executive Victor M. Wade lost to Fulbright. Many to their sorrow have had trouble taking Bumpers seriously, according to Time magazine. Ronald W. Reagan won in Arkansas by defeating the Republican candidate, William P. "Bill" Clark. William Clark is not related to William P. Clark, Jr.In his unsuccessful 1976 race for Arkansas's 2nd congressional district seat, "Bill" Clark had passed out twenty thousand Clark candy bars but received fewer votes and was saddled with an outstanding campaign debt of over $30,000. Clark challenged Bumpers's support for gasoline rationing during the energy crisis and accused him of being "fuzzy on the issues". Clark criticized Bumpers for having voted against defense appropriations twenty-three times between 1975 and 1978 and noted, "Only this year he has voted for a couple of defense items." Reagan had used Bumpers's opposition to school prayer and support for the Panama Canal Treaties of 1978, an issue which Jimmy Carter had used against him as well. Clark claimed that Bumpers derided citizens ofNewton County, a frequent Republican stronghold in Arkansas, as "stupid hill people". Clark carried Bumpers's home county of Franklin. If <mask>ers doesn't vote for you, why should you vote for him?Bill Clinton was defeated in the Reagan electoral vote by the Republican Frank D. White. Bumpers defeated his Republican opponent in 1986 in Arkansas's 3rd congressional district. After besting State Auditor Julia Hughes Jones with 64 percent of the vote in the Democratic primary, he defeated future governor Mike Huckabee in the general election. Jones ran for secretary of state in 1994 but switched to the GOP the next year. In 1998, when Bumpers retired, the Democratic choice was a former U.S. Representative from Arkansas's 1st congressional district, who defeated the Republican nominee, a state senator who was later the Arkansas Department of Health director. Bumpers was elected to the Senate four times, beginning with his huge victory over the veteran chairman of the United States Senate Foreign Relations Committee. The Senate Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship was chaired by Bumpers from 1987 until 1995 when the GOP took control of the Senate.From 1997 to 1999 Bumpers was the ranking minority member of the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Bumpers was known for his oratorical skills and for his respect for the Constitution of the United States. He did not support any amendment to the constitution. Despite support from many colleagues, Bumpers decided not to seek the Democratic presidential nomination in 1984 and 1988, and ultimately lost to Michael Dukakis. Initially named as one of Walter Mondale's top potential choices for his vice presidential running mate in 1984, he took his name out of the running early in the process. Bumpers stated that his main reason for not running was fear of a total disruption of his family's close bond. Many observers felt that Bumpers lacked the obsessive ambition required of a presidential candidate, especially one who would have started out the process with low name identification.Bumpers's vote to kill labor law reform in 1978 angered organized labor and has not been forgotten by labor leaders nearly a decade later. After his retirement from the Senate, Bumpers acted as a defense attorney during Clinton's impeachment trial. He gave a closing argument. The Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences was founded in 1995 in his honor. The White River National Wildlife refuge in Arkansas was renamed "Dale Bumpers White River National Wildlife refuge". The United States Fish and Wildlife Service is proud to recognize the many contributions Senator <mask> has made to give many future generations the same opportunity to enjoy Arkansas' natural beauty as we have had. He is a visionary who followed an unconventional path to set aside some of Arkansas' last wild places.He will always be linked with the White River. Bumpers and his wife Betty were known for their dedication to the cause of childhood immunizations. Clinton established the Dale and Betty Bumpers Vaccine Research Center to facilitate research in vaccine development. The Charleston School Board asked his advice on how to respond to the Supreme Court decision in the case of Brown v. Board of Education, which found the segregation of public schools on the basis of race to be unconstitutional. The school board was advised to comply immediately by Bumpers. The board voted to desegregate its schools in July of 1954. The Charleston School District was the first in the former Confederacy to integrate their public schools after the Supreme Court decision.During his Senate tenure, Bumpers opposed constitutional amendments and was critical of his Republican colleague, Jesse Helms of North Carolina for attempting that route. Bumpers said that he worked well with Republican leaders. Bumpers died at his home in Little Rock at the age of 90 after a period of failing health. He had a broken hip and had Alzheimer's disease. In Jeffrey Archer's 1977 novel Shall We Tell the President?, Bumpers was elected as the Vice President of the United States in a ticket headed by Ted Kennedy, defeating Ronald Reagan. The real-life Senator Bill Bradley of New Jersey was replaced with a fictional character in the 1986 revised edition of the novel. The Best Lawyer in a One-Lawyer Town is a memoir.Random House was in New York. Bill Clinton was born in 2005. My life. It was vintage. The complete text and audio and video of <mask>'s Closing Defense Arguments at the Impeachment Trial of William Jefferson Clinton can be found in the Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture. There is an oral history interview with <mask> on the official U.S. Senate website.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou%20Yi%20%28musician%29

Zhou Yi (musician)

Zhou Yi () is a Chinese pipa player. Praised for her “breathtaking” meticulous technique and expressiveness by the Washington Post (Stephen Brookes, August 2013), New York-based pipa (Chinese lute) and qin (Chinese zither) soloist Zhou Yi (pronounced “Jo-E”) was born in Shanghai, China. At the age of five, Zhou Yi was discovered in kindergarten by a Chinese instrumentalist talent scout, Yuanlong Cao. Zhou Yi gave her first public recital at six and won first prize in the Shanghai Spring Music Festival at the age of eight. She continued training for two years on the pipa before enrolling in the elementary school of the Shanghai Conservatory of Music, one of China's premier music schools. Two pipa students, out of thousands, were selected for a position in the school. At the age of sixteen, her music was recorded and published by New Era Sound & Video Company of Guangzhou and Nanjing Video Publishing House of China. These recordings are used for future generations of music students to study as ideal renditions of these pieces. During her time in the Shanghai Conservatory of Music, she studied Shanghai-style pipa performance under pipa masters Zupei Zhang, Ya Dong, and Xuran Ye (recorded Dunhuang pipa music in 1982). Meanwhile, she learned qin as her second major with the Guangling-style qin and xiao (Chinese vertical end-blown flute) master Shuhong Dai. After graduating from the Shanghai Conservatory of Music, Zhou Yi moved to New York and has been heard in various venues throughout the United States. She has performed in places such as Carnegie Hall, Merkin Concert Hall, John Hancock Hall, Pickman Concert Hall and the Metropolitan Museum of Art. She has also conducted Chinese music workshops and gave lectures at New York University, Columbia University, Harvard University, Princeton University, Yale University, the Peabody Conservatory of Music, the Eastman School of Music, the New England Conservatory of Music, and the Longy School of Music. As a concert soloist, Zhou Yi has travelled across Asia, North America and Europe. Some of her highlight performances and concerto repertoire include: Tan Dun's Concerto for Pipa and String Orchestra at the Gewandhaus in Leipzig Germany; Young People's Concert with the New York Philharmonic; Bun-Ching Lam's Song of the Pipa with the Metropolitan Symphony Orchestra; Zuqiang Wu's Sisters of the Grassland (the first pipa concerto) with the Ohio Youngstown Symphony Orchestra; Shih-Hui Chen's Jin (Metal) for pipa and orchestra; Tan Dun's Ghost Opera with the Momenta Quartet; Bright Sheng's Three Songs for Violoncello and Pipa; Chen Yi's Points and Ancient Dances for pipa and percussion; Zhou Long's Green for flute and pipa; Victoria Bond's Bridges for erhu, pipa and two clarinets; Bingyang Li's Snow of June for mixed ensemble (world premiere at Carnegie Hall); Thomas Reiner's Sweet Spots for double bass clarinet, pipa and orchestra (world premiere in Alaska CrossSound Music Festival). Zhou Yi also collaborated with young Chinese composers’ premiere works in various styles, such as: Dongqing Fang's Drunken Master for piano, cello and pipa (North America premiere, Carnegie Hall 2017); Xinyan Li's Dunhuang Lovers for flute, cello and pipa (world premiere, Carnegie Hall 2017); Jianbing Hu's Fine Sound from Tianzhu for pipa and cello (world premiere, NEC Jordan Hall 2017); Angel Lam's theatric work, Lost in Shanghai (world premiere, National Sawdust 2017); Qian Zhou's Qu Shui Ming Yun (Sounds from the Winding Water) for qin and electronic (world premiere, Mata Festival 2016); Du Yun's Kung Fu (The Bruce Lee Story) soundtrack for David Henry Huang's off-broadway production (world premiere 2014). Zhou Yi's other guest appearances in operatic and festival productions are: guest qin artist in Bright Sheng's Dream of the Red Chamber (San Francisco Opera 2016); guest pipa and qin artist in Huang Ruo's Paradise Interrupted (Lincoln Center Festival 2016) and Dr. Sun Yat-sen (Santa Fe Opera 2014); Chen Shi-Zheng's the Peony Pavilion, the Orphan of Zhao and Ghost Lovers with the Lincoln Center Festival; Bun-Ching Lam's Wen Ji - Eighteen Songs of Nomad Flute with the New York Asia Society; the Shen Wei Dance Arts’ Second Visit to the Empress with the American Dance Festival; the Bowling Green New Music & Art Festival. Zhou Yi's other style crossover performances include: collaborating with the Hollywood music producer Rickey Minor and performing with Rihanna at the 2015 Met Gala; conducting music workshops in public schools for the China National Traditional Orchestra's 2015 U.S. tour; recording the music for David Henry Hwang's off-broadway production, The Dance and the Railroad; working with Damon Albarn (Gorillaz/Blur) in Spoleto Festival's premiere show, Monkey - Journey To The West; improvising the music for the off-broadway show Around the World in 80 Days; improvising the music in visual artist Shahzia Silkander's Parallax at the Linda Pace Foundation; joining Carnegie Hall's world music educational program. Zhou Yi currently resides in New York City. She is a co-founder and artistic director of the Ba Ban Chinese Music Society of New York. Leading the group, she has produced three sold-out productions: Silk and Bamboo Music from the Yangtze River; Golden Age of the 1930s & 40s Shanghai Jazz Music; and Red Chinese Tradition which were received a commendation from the New York City Council for exemplary cultural service to the community. External links The Washington Post Review of Zhou Yi's Performance Zhou Yi Pipa Concerto Video (1/3) Zhou Yi Pipa Concerto Video (2/3) Zhou Yi Pipa Concerto Video (3/3) Zhou Yi Oriental/Western Fusion Video Zhou Yi Contemporary Pipa Music Video Zhou Yi Classical Pipa Music Video Zhou Yi Improvisation for Around The World In 80 Days New York Philharmonic Youngstown Symphony Bowling Green New Music And Art Festival Cross Sound Music Festival Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Contemporary classical music performers Musicians from Shanghai People's Republic of China musicians Chinese emigrants to the United States Pipa players Place of birth missing (living people) Shanghai Conservatory of Music alumni

<mask> () is a Chinese pipa player. Praised for her “breathtaking” meticulous technique and expressiveness by the Washington Post (Stephen Brookes, August 2013), New York-based pipa (Chinese lute) and qin (Chinese zither) soloist <mask> (pronounced “Jo-E”) was born in Shanghai, China. At the age of five, <mask> was discovered in kindergarten by a Chinese instrumentalist talent scout, Yuanlong Cao. <mask> gave her first public recital at six and won first prize in the Shanghai Spring Music Festival at the age of eight. She continued training for two years on the pipa before enrolling in the elementary school of the Shanghai Conservatory of Music, one of China's premier music schools. Two pipa students, out of thousands, were selected for a position in the school. At the age of sixteen, her music was recorded and published by New Era Sound & Video Company of Guangzhou and Nanjing Video Publishing House of China.These recordings are used for future generations of music students to study as ideal renditions of these pieces. During her time in the Shanghai Conservatory of Music, she studied Shanghai-style pipa performance under pipa masters Zupei Zhang, Ya Dong, and Xuran Ye (recorded Dunhuang pipa music in 1982). Meanwhile, she learned qin as her second major with the Guangling-style qin and xiao (Chinese vertical end-blown flute) master Shuhong Dai. After graduating from the Shanghai Conservatory of Music, <mask> moved to New York and has been heard in various venues throughout the United States. She has performed in places such as Carnegie Hall, Merkin Concert Hall, John Hancock Hall, Pickman Concert Hall and the Metropolitan Museum of Art. She has also conducted Chinese music workshops and gave lectures at New York University, Columbia University, Harvard University, Princeton University, Yale University, the Peabody Conservatory of Music, the Eastman School of Music, the New England Conservatory of Music, and the Longy School of Music. As a concert soloist, <mask> has travelled across Asia, North America and Europe.Some of her highlight performances and concerto repertoire include: Tan Dun's Concerto for Pipa and String Orchestra at the Gewandhaus in Leipzig Germany; Young People's Concert with the New York Philharmonic; Bun-Ching Lam's Song of the Pipa with the Metropolitan Symphony Orchestra; Zuqiang Wu's Sisters of the Grassland (the first pipa concerto) with the Ohio Youngstown Symphony Orchestra; Shih-Hui Chen's Jin (Metal) for pipa and orchestra; Tan Dun's Ghost Opera with the Momenta Quartet; Bright Sheng's Three Songs for Violoncello and Pipa; <mask>'s Points and Ancient Dances for pipa and percussion; <mask>'s Green for flute and pipa; Victoria Bond's Bridges for erhu, pipa and two clarinets; Bingyang Li's Snow of June for mixed ensemble (world premiere at Carnegie Hall); Thomas Reiner's Sweet Spots for double bass clarinet, pipa and orchestra (world premiere in Alaska CrossSound Music Festival). <mask> also collaborated with young Chinese composers’ premiere works in various styles, such as: Dongqing Fang's Drunken Master for piano, cello and pipa (North America premiere, Carnegie Hall 2017); Xinyan Li's Dunhuang Lovers for flute, cello and pipa (world premiere, Carnegie Hall 2017); Jianbing Hu's Fine Sound from Tianzhu for pipa and cello (world premiere, NEC Jordan Hall 2017); Angel Lam's theatric work, Lost in Shanghai (world premiere, National Sawdust 2017); Qian <mask>'s Qu Shui Ming Yun (Sounds from the Winding Water) for qin and electronic (world premiere, Mata Festival 2016); Du Yun's Kung Fu (The Bruce Lee Story) soundtrack for David Henry Huang's off-broadway production (world premiere 2014). Zhou Yi's other guest appearances in operatic and festival productions are: guest qin artist in Bright Sheng's Dream of the Red Chamber (San Francisco Opera 2016); guest pipa and qin artist in Huang Ruo's Paradise Interrupted (Lincoln Center Festival 2016) and Dr. Sun Yat-sen (Santa Fe Opera 2014); Chen Shi-Zheng's the Peony Pavilion, the Orphan of Zhao and Ghost Lovers with the Lincoln Center Festival; Bun-Ching Lam's Wen Ji - Eighteen Songs of Nomad Flute with the New York Asia Society; the Shen Wei Dance Arts’ Second Visit to the Empress with the American Dance Festival; the Bowling Green New Music & Art Festival. Zhou Yi's other style crossover performances include: collaborating with the Hollywood music producer Rickey Minor and performing with Rihanna at the 2015 Met Gala; conducting music workshops in public schools for the China National Traditional Orchestra's 2015 U.S. tour; recording the music for David Henry Hwang's off-broadway production, The Dance and the Railroad; working with Damon Albarn (Gorillaz/Blur) in Spoleto Festival's premiere show, Monkey - Journey To The West; improvising the music for the off-broadway show Around the World in 80 Days; improvising the music in visual artist Shahzia Silkander's Parallax at the Linda Pace Foundation; joining Carnegie Hall's world music educational program. Zhou Yi currently resides in New York City. She is a co-founder and artistic director of the Ba Ban Chinese Music Society of New York. Leading the group, she has produced three sold-out productions: Silk and Bamboo Music from the Yangtze River; Golden Age of the 1930s & 40s Shanghai Jazz Music; and Red Chinese Tradition which were received a commendation from the New York City Council for exemplary cultural service to the community.External links The Washington Post Review of <mask>'s Performance Zhou Yi Pipa Concerto Video (1/3) Zhou Yi Pipa Concerto Video (2/3) Zhou Yi Pipa Concerto Video (3/3) Zhou Yi Oriental/Western Fusion Video Zhou Yi Contemporary Pipa Music Video Zhou Yi Classical Pipa Music Video Zhou Yi Improvisation for Around The World In 80 Days New York Philharmonic Youngstown Symphony Bowling Green New Music And Art Festival Cross Sound Music Festival Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Contemporary classical music performers Musicians from Shanghai People's Republic of China musicians Chinese emigrants to the United States Pipa players Place of birth missing (living people) Shanghai Conservatory of Music alumni

<mask> is a Chinese player. <mask> was praised for her "breathtaking" meticulous technique and expressiveness by the Washington Post. <mask> was discovered in kindergarten by a Chinese talent scout. <mask> won the first prize in the Shanghai Spring Music Festival at the age of eight after giving her first public recital at six. She attended the elementary school of the Shanghai Conservatory of Music, one of China's premier music schools, after training for two years on the Pipa. Out of thousands of students, two were selected for a position in the school. At the age of sixteen, her music was recorded and published by New Era Sound & Video Company of Guangzhou.Future generations of music students will study these recordings as ideal renditions of these pieces. During her time at the Shanghai Conservatory of Music, she studied with some of the best pipa masters in the world. She learned qin as her second major with Shuhong Dai. <mask> moved to New York after graduating from the Shanghai Conservatory of Music. She has performed at a number of places, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art. She has lectured at New York University, Columbia University, Harvard University, Princeton University, Yale University, and the Longy School of Music. <mask> has traveled across Asia, North America and Europe as a concert soloist.Her highlights include the Young People's Concert with the New York Philharmonic, the Tan Dun's Concerto for Pipa, and the Song of the Pipa with the Metropolitan Symphony Orchestra. <mask> collaborated with a number of young Chinese composers on their premiere works. <mask>'s appearances in opera and festival productions include guest artist in Dream of the Red Chamber, guest artist in Paradise Interrupted, and guest artist in Dr. <mask> collaborated with the Hollywood music producer Rickey Minor and performed at the 2015 Met Gala, as well as conducting music workshops in public schools for the China National Traditional Orchestra's 2015 U.S. tour. <mask> lives in New York City. She is the artistic director of the Ba Ban Chinese Music Society of New York. She has produced three sold-out productions, Silk and Bamboo Music from the Yangtze River, Golden Age of the 1930s & 40s Shanghai Jazz Music, and Red Chinese Tradition, which received a commendation from the New York City Council for exemplary cultural service to the community.The Washington Post Review of <mask>'s Performance includes Zhou Yi Pipa Concerto Video, Zhou <mask> Oriental/Western Fusion Video, and Zhou <mask> Classical Pipa Music Video.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20Couperin

Louis Couperin

Louis Couperin (; – 29 August 1661) was a French Baroque composer and performer. He was born in Chaumes-en-Brie and moved to Paris in 1650–1651 with the help of Jacques Champion de Chambonnières. Couperin worked as organist of the Church of St. Gervais in Paris and as musician at the court. He quickly became one of the most prominent Parisian musicians, establishing himself as a harpsichordist, organist, and violist, but his career was cut short by his early death at the age of thirty-five. None of Couperin's music was published during his lifetime, but manuscript copies of some 200 pieces survive, some of them only rediscovered in the mid-20th century. The first historically important member of the Couperin family, Couperin made contributions to the development of both the French organ school and the French harpsichord school. His innovations included composing organ pieces for specific registrations and inventing the genre of the unmeasured prelude for harpsichord, for which he devised a special type of notation. Life Most of the information about Couperin's life comes from two sources. Le Parnasse François, a 1732 book by Évrard Titon du Tillet, contains a biographical sketch describing certain details of his life, and some 30 organ pieces listed not only the date but also the place of composition. Couperin was born around 1626 in Chaumes-en-Brie, a town 40 km south-east of Paris. His father, Charles Couperin, sieur de Crouilly, was a small landowner and part-time organist of a local church. Louis was reportedly an accomplished harpsichordist and violinist by 1650 (and was already composing by then), but had no connections whatsoever with any important musicians of the era. His sudden rise to fame, which happened during 1650–1651, is explained in Le Parnasse François. Titon du Tillet writes that Louis, his two younger brothers Charles and François, and some of their friends visited Jacques Champion de Chambonnières on the feast of Saint James—Chambonnières' name day. The Couperins offered the host and his guests a short concert, playing several pieces composed by Louis. Chambonnières was impressed by Louis Couperin's talents, became his teacher and persuaded him to settle in Paris. There Chambonnières, who was the most prominent French harpsichordist of his time and musician to the King, introduced the young musician to the Court. Couperin's talents met with appreciation; by 1651 he was already living in the city. He almost certainly met Johann Jakob Froberger in 1651–1652; Froberger's style becoming a major influence on Couperin's music. On 9 April 1653 he became organist of the Parisian church of St. Gervais, where he was paid 400 livres a year, plus lodgings. The position at this ancient church was one of the most important in France at the time. At some point — most probably after he became organist at St. Gervais — Couperin entered the royal service as a treble viol player. Titon du Tillet writes that Couperin had refused, out of loyalty to his old friend and teacher, to replace Chambonnières as royal harpsichordist, and so the post of violist was created especially for him. On 22 October 1655 he stood godfather to his sister's child at Chaumes-en-Brie; from July to October 1656 and around November 1658 he was frequently travelling to Meudon, where he was probably employed by Abel Servien, a diplomat and statesman. He traveled to Toulouse with the court in 1659. During his last years, Couperin lived in the organist's lodgings at St. Gervais with his two brothers. He died on 29 August 1661, aged thirty-five according to Le Parnasse François. His brothers both played an important role in the development of French Baroque music. No compositions by François (known as "The Elder" or "Couperin de Crouilly") are known to survive, but his line of the family carried the name of Couperin into the 19th century. Charles Couperin (known as "Couperin-cadet") succeeded Louis as organist at St. Gervais and, in 1668, produced an only child, François Couperin le Grand, who became one of the most important French composers of the late Baroque era. Works Provenance and catalogues Because his career spanned only some 10 years, none of Couperin's works were published during his lifetime. There are two major manuscript sources for his music: The Bauyn manuscript (Bibliothèque nationale de France, Rés. Vm7 674–675), dating from ca. 1690, is one of the most important sources for French keyboard music of the 17th century (particularly the work of Chambonnières). It contains 122 harpsichord pieces by Couperin, as well as four organ pieces and 5 chamber works. The so-called Oldham manuscript (a private collection of G. Oldham), recovered only in 1957, contains 70 organ works by Couperin, of which 68 are unique to this source. Also included are a harpsichord suite, four five-part chamber fantaisies, and two pieces for shawm band. This manuscript may have been compiled at least partly during Couperin's lifetime, and is the only such source for his music. In addition to these, the Parville manuscript contains 55 harpsichord pieces by Couperin, although only five of these are unique (the rest are included in the Bauyn manuscript). Couperin's harpsichord works are commonly referred to by numbers used in the princeps Éditions de l'Oiseau-Lyre edition of 1936. The edition was based entirely on the Bauyn manuscript, the only source known at that time. The authors of the manuscript did not arrange the pieces in suites, but rather grouped dances by key first and by genre second. So, for example, numbers 16–19 are courantes in C major, numbers 20–25 are sarabandes in C major, etc. Some editions and recordings may use Davitt Moroney's alternative numbering scheme, which attempts to create suites out of Couperin's dances. The numbering scheme for Couperin's organ pieces also reflects their source, the Oldham manuscript. Here, however, no attempt was made by the copyist to group pieces in any way. The manuscript draws on at least two grands livres d'orgue, and the copyist apparently chose pieces arbitrarily. Distinguishing the many fantaisies is made easier, however, because Couperin would frequently provide the date and sometimes the place of composition in a footnote. Numbers 11 and 19, for instance, are both titled "fugue", but the former is inscribed "Couperin a Meudon le 18e Juillet [July] 1656", and the latter "Couperin a paris le 1er 7ber [September] 1656". This extraordinary feature, which is unique for the period, allows tracing Couperin's development as organ composer from 1650 to 1659, sometimes almost day by day. Harpsichordist Skip Sempé, as well as a few scholars, have questioned the attribution of both the harpsichord pieces of the Bauyn manuscript and the organ pieces of the Oldham manuscript to Couperin, on stylistic grounds. Harpsichord music Dance movements comprise around two thirds of Louis Couperin's harpsichord oeuvre; they include courantes, sarabandes, allemandes and gigues (in decreasing order of numbers). These pieces are more complex than those by Chambonnières and display more variety within an individual piece. These pieces were not organized into suites, but contemporary performers arrange pieces in the same key into ad hoc suites for a given performance or recording. His reputation as a composer comes mainly from his chaconnes, passacaglias and unmeasured preludes. These latter pieces, written out in a unique kind of notation (whole notes only, arranged in groups and connected by graceful curves) are influenced by Froberger's free-flowing allemandes and programmatic pieces; some borrow short passages from his toccatas. Organ music Couperin's organ music exerted a great influence over 17th century European composers; it represents the transition from the strict counterpoint in the Titelouze vein to the colorful, concertante organ style introduced by Guillaume-Gabriel Nivers and Nicolas Lebègue, who influenced late Baroque composers such as François Couperin and Nicolas de Grigny. Couperin was the first French composer to write for specific registrations and also the first to compose leaping division basses in the style of divisions for the bass viol. Both of these stylistic traits are among the defining characteristics of French organ music of the 17th and the 18th centuries. Editions Louis Couperin: Oeuvres de clavecin. Second modern edition, edited by Davitt Moroney. Éditions de l'Oiseau-Lyre, Monaco, OL 58 (1985, reprinted in 2004). Moroney omits the ornaments included in the first edition, since they were not contemporary with Louis Couperin. Moroney's lengthy introduction is, to date, the best biographical source on Couperin in English. Louis Couperin: Pièces d' orgue. Transcribed and edited by Guy Oldham. Éditions de l'Oiseau-Lyre, Monaco, OL 300 (2003). 144 pages. This volume contains the musical text of 70 pieces, "as well as the relevant plainchant melodies with their texts to facilitate alternatim performance, a facsimile page, editor's notes, and a Critical Commentary." (Out of print.) A companion publication has been planned (but never published), consisting of extended prefatory material, including a technical description of the source, information on the organs played by Louis Couperin, and suggestions for performance. Notes References Fuller, David, and Gustafson, Bruce. "Louis Couperin", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (accessed 30 January 2006), grovemusic.com (subscription access). Halbreich, Harry, et al. Notes to a complete recorded compendium (1989–91) of Louis Couperin's harpsichord works played by Blandine Verlet on 5 Astrée~Naïve CDs. Moroney, Davitt. Liner notes to CD "Louis Couperin: Intégrale de l'oeuvre de clavecin", Harmonia Mundi France 1901124.27 External links General information Louis Couperin biography at HOASM (the portrait included is not Couperin's) Louis Couperin biography at musicologie.org Scores Media Fantaisie composée à Paris au mois de Décembre 1656 Invitatoire de la feste Dieu Fantaisie en la mineur sur la montre 2e fantaisie en la mineur sur les anches Louis 1620s births 1661 deaths French Baroque composers Composers for harpsichord French Baroque viol players French male classical composers French classical organists French male organists French harpsichordists 17th-century classical composers 17th-century male musicians

<mask> (; – 29 August 1661) was a French Baroque composer and performer. He was born in Chaumes-en-Brie and moved to Paris in 1650–1651 with the help of Jacques Champion de Chambonnières. Couperin worked as organist of the Church of St. Gervais in Paris and as musician at the court. He quickly became one of the most prominent Parisian musicians, establishing himself as a harpsichordist, organist, and violist, but his career was cut short by his early death at the age of thirty-five. None of <mask>'s music was published during his lifetime, but manuscript copies of some 200 pieces survive, some of them only rediscovered in the mid-20th century. The first historically important member of the <mask> family, <mask> made contributions to the development of both the French organ school and the French harpsichord school. His innovations included composing organ pieces for specific registrations and inventing the genre of the unmeasured prelude for harpsichord, for which he devised a special type of notation.Life Most of the information about <mask>'s life comes from two sources. Le Parnasse François, a 1732 book by Évrard Titon du Tillet, contains a biographical sketch describing certain details of his life, and some 30 organ pieces listed not only the date but also the place of composition. <mask> was born around 1626 in Chaumes-en-Brie, a town 40 km south-east of Paris. His father, <mask>, sieur de Crouilly, was a small landowner and part-time organist of a local church. <mask> was reportedly an accomplished harpsichordist and violinist by 1650 (and was already composing by then), but had no connections whatsoever with any important musicians of the era. His sudden rise to fame, which happened during 1650–1651, is explained in Le Parnasse François. Titon du Tillet writes that <mask>, his two younger brothers Charles and François, and some of their friends visited Jacques Champion de Chambonnières on the feast of Saint James—Chambonnières' name day.The Couperins offered the host and his guests a short concert, playing several pieces composed by <mask>. Chambonnières was impressed by <mask>'s talents, became his teacher and persuaded him to settle in Paris. There Chambonnières, who was the most prominent French harpsichordist of his time and musician to the King, introduced the young musician to the Court. <mask>'s talents met with appreciation; by 1651 he was already living in the city. He almost certainly met Johann Jakob Froberger in 1651–1652; Froberger's style becoming a major influence on Couperin's music. On 9 April 1653 he became organist of the Parisian church of St. Gervais, where he was paid 400 livres a year, plus lodgings. The position at this ancient church was one of the most important in France at the time.At some point — most probably after he became organist at St. Gervais — Couperin entered the royal service as a treble viol player. Titon du Tillet writes that Couperin had refused, out of loyalty to his old friend and teacher, to replace Chambonnières as royal harpsichordist, and so the post of violist was created especially for him. On 22 October 1655 he stood godfather to his sister's child at Chaumes-en-Brie; from July to October 1656 and around November 1658 he was frequently travelling to Meudon, where he was probably employed by Abel Servien, a diplomat and statesman. He traveled to Toulouse with the court in 1659. During his last years, Couperin lived in the organist's lodgings at St. Gervais with his two brothers. He died on 29 August 1661, aged thirty-five according to Le Parnasse François. His brothers both played an important role in the development of French Baroque music.No compositions by François (known as "The Elder" or "Couperin de Crouilly") are known to survive, but his line of the family carried the name of <mask> into the 19th century. <mask> (known as "<mask>-cadet") succeeded <mask> as organist at St. Gervais and, in 1668, produced an only child, <mask> le Grand, who became one of the most important French composers of the late Baroque era. Works Provenance and catalogues Because his career spanned only some 10 years, none of <mask>'s works were published during his lifetime. There are two major manuscript sources for his music: The Bauyn manuscript (Bibliothèque nationale de France, Rés. Vm7 674–675), dating from ca. 1690, is one of the most important sources for French keyboard music of the 17th century (particularly the work of Chambonnières). It contains 122 harpsichord pieces by Couperin, as well as four organ pieces and 5 chamber works.The so-called Oldham manuscript (a private collection of G. Oldham), recovered only in 1957, contains 70 organ works by Couperin, of which 68 are unique to this source. Also included are a harpsichord suite, four five-part chamber fantaisies, and two pieces for shawm band. This manuscript may have been compiled at least partly during <mask>'s lifetime, and is the only such source for his music. In addition to these, the Parville manuscript contains 55 harpsichord pieces by Couperin, although only five of these are unique (the rest are included in the Bauyn manuscript). <mask>'s harpsichord works are commonly referred to by numbers used in the princeps Éditions de l'Oiseau-Lyre edition of 1936. The edition was based entirely on the Bauyn manuscript, the only source known at that time. The authors of the manuscript did not arrange the pieces in suites, but rather grouped dances by key first and by genre second.So, for example, numbers 16–19 are courantes in C major, numbers 20–25 are sarabandes in C major, etc. Some editions and recordings may use Davitt Moroney's alternative numbering scheme, which attempts to create suites out of Couperin's dances. The numbering scheme for Couperin's organ pieces also reflects their source, the Oldham manuscript. Here, however, no attempt was made by the copyist to group pieces in any way. The manuscript draws on at least two grands livres d'orgue, and the copyist apparently chose pieces arbitrarily. Distinguishing the many fantaisies is made easier, however, because Couperin would frequently provide the date and sometimes the place of composition in a footnote. Numbers 11 and 19, for instance, are both titled "fugue", but the former is inscribed "Couperin a Meudon le 18e Juillet [July] 1656", and the latter "Couperin a paris le 1er 7ber [September] 1656".This extraordinary feature, which is unique for the period, allows tracing <mask>'s development as organ composer from 1650 to 1659, sometimes almost day by day. Harpsichordist Skip Sempé, as well as a few scholars, have questioned the attribution of both the harpsichord pieces of the Bauyn manuscript and the organ pieces of the Oldham manuscript to Couperin, on stylistic grounds. Harpsichord music Dance movements comprise around two thirds of <mask>'s harpsichord oeuvre; they include courantes, sarabandes, allemandes and gigues (in decreasing order of numbers). These pieces are more complex than those by Chambonnières and display more variety within an individual piece. These pieces were not organized into suites, but contemporary performers arrange pieces in the same key into ad hoc suites for a given performance or recording. His reputation as a composer comes mainly from his chaconnes, passacaglias and unmeasured preludes. These latter pieces, written out in a unique kind of notation (whole notes only, arranged in groups and connected by graceful curves) are influenced by Froberger's free-flowing allemandes and programmatic pieces; some borrow short passages from his toccatas.Organ music <mask>'s organ music exerted a great influence over 17th century European composers; it represents the transition from the strict counterpoint in the Titelouze vein to the colorful, concertante organ style introduced by Guillaume-Gabriel Nivers and Nicolas Lebègue, who influenced late Baroque composers such as <mask> and Nicolas de Grigny. <mask> was the first French composer to write for specific registrations and also the first to compose leaping division basses in the style of divisions for the bass viol. Both of these stylistic traits are among the defining characteristics of French organ music of the 17th and the 18th centuries. Editions <mask>rin: Oeuvres de clavecin. Second modern edition, edited by Davitt Moroney. Éditions de l'Oiseau-Lyre, Monaco, OL 58 (1985, reprinted in 2004). Moroney omits the ornaments included in the first edition, since they were not contemporary with <mask>.Moroney's lengthy introduction is, to date, the best biographical source on Couperin in English. <mask>: Pièces d' orgue. Transcribed and edited by Guy Oldham. Éditions de l'Oiseau-Lyre, Monaco, OL 300 (2003). 144 pages. This volume contains the musical text of 70 pieces, "as well as the relevant plainchant melodies with their texts to facilitate alternatim performance, a facsimile page, editor's notes, and a Critical Commentary." (Out of print.)A companion publication has been planned (but never published), consisting of extended prefatory material, including a technical description of the source, information on the organs played by <mask>, and suggestions for performance. Notes References Fuller, David, and Gustafson, Bruce. "<mask>rin", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (accessed 30 January 2006), grovemusic.com (subscription access). Halbreich, Harry, et al. Notes to a complete recorded compendium (1989–91) of <mask>'s harpsichord works played by Blandine Verlet on 5 Astrée~Naïve CDs. Moroney, Davitt.Liner notes to CD "<mask>: Intégrale de l'oeuvre de clavecin", Harmonia Mundi France 1901124.27 External links General information <mask> biography at HOASM (the portrait included is not <mask>'s) <mask> biography at musicologie.org Scores Media Fantaisie composée à Paris au mois de Décembre 1656 Invitatoire de la feste Dieu Fantaisie en la mineur sur la montre 2e fantaisie en la mineur sur les anches Louis 1620s births 1661 deaths French Baroque composers Composers for harpsichord French Baroque viol players French male classical composers French classical organists French male organists French harpsichordists 17th-century classical composers 17th-century male musicians

<mask> was a French Baroque composer and performer. He was born in Chaumes-en-Brie and moved to Paris with the help of Jacques Champion de Chambonnires. He played the organ at the Church of St. Gervais in Paris and at the court. His career was cut short by his death at the age of thirty-five, after he became one of the most prominent Parisian musicians. None of <mask>'s music was published during his lifetime, but manuscript copies of some 200 pieces were rediscovered in the 20th century. The development of the French organ school and the French harpsichord school was made possible by the contributions of the first historically important member of the <mask> family. He invented the genre of the unmeasured prelude for harpsichord and created a special type of notation for it.The information about Couperin's life comes from two sources. A biographical sketch and some 30 organ pieces are included in Le Parnasse Franois, a 1732 book by vrard Titon du Tillet. The town of Chaumes-en-Brie is 40 km south-eastern of Paris. His father was an organist for a local church. <mask> was an accomplished violinist and harpsichordist by 1650, but had no connections with any important musicians of the era. His rise to fame was explained in Le Parnasse Franois. According to Titon du Tillet, <mask>, his two younger brothers Charles and Franois, and some of their friends visited Jacques Champion de Chambonnires on the feast of Saint James.The host and his guests were treated to a concert by the Couperins. After becoming his teacher, Chambonnires persuaded <mask> to settle in Paris. The young musician was introduced to the Court by the most prominent French harpsichordist of his time. By 1651, he was already living in the city. His style became a major influence on Couperin's music. He was paid 400 livres a year to be the organist of the Parisian church of St. Gervais. One of the most important positions in France at the time was at this ancient church.After he became organist at St. Gervais, he entered the royal service as a viol player. According to Titon du Tillet, the post of violist was created for Couperin because he refused to replace Chambonnires as royalist out of loyalty to his old friend and teacher. He was godfather to his sister's child at Chaumes-en-Brie on 22 October 1655 and from July to October 1656 and November 1658 he was frequently travelling to Meudon. He traveled to Toulouse with the court. He lived in the organist's lodgings with his two brothers. According to Le Parnasse Franois, he died at the age of thirty-five. His brothers were involved in the development of French Baroque music.No compositions by Franois (known as "The Elder" or "Couperin de Crouilly") are known to survive, but his line of the family carried the name of <mask> into the 19th century. Franois <mask> le Grand was one of the most important French composers of the late Baroque era. None of his works were published during his lifetime. The Bauyn manuscript is one of the major manuscript sources for his music. Vm7 was dating from ca. The work of Chambonnires is one of the most important sources for French keyboard music of the 17th century. The harpsichord contains 122 pieces, as well as four organ pieces and 5 chamber works.The Oldham manuscript contains 70 organ works and is unique to this source. Four five-part chamber fantaisies and two pieces for the shawm band are included. The only source for his music is this manuscript, which may have been compiled at least partly during his lifetime. The Parville manuscript contains 55 pieces of harpsichord, but only five are unique, and the rest are included in the Bauyn manuscript. The princeps ditions de l'Oiseau-Lyre edition of 1936 used numbers to refer to <mask>'s works. The only source known at that time was the Bauyn manuscript. The dances were grouped by key first and genre second in the manuscript.The numbers 16–19 are courantes in C major, the numbers 20–25 are sarabandes in C major. Davitt Moroney's alternative numbering scheme may be used in some editions and recordings. The numbering scheme reflects the source of the organ pieces. The copyist did not attempt to group pieces. The manuscript draws on at least two grands livres d'orgue. Distinguishing the many fantaisies is easier if you know the date and place of the composition. Numbers 11 and 19 are both called "fugue", but the former is called " Couperin a Meudon le 18e Juillet".Sometimes almost day by day, this feature allows tracing the development of the organ composer from 1650 to 1659. The pieces of the Bauyn manuscript and the organ pieces of the Oldham manuscript have been questioned by a number of scholars. The dance movements include courantes, sarabandes, allemandes and gigues, in decreasing order of numbers. The pieces are more complex than the ones by Chambonnires. Contemporary performers arrange pieces in the same key into ad hoc suites for a given performance or recording. His reputation as a composer is based on his chaconnes, passacaglias and unmeasured preludes. The latter pieces are written in a unique way, with whole notes only, arranged in groups and connected by graceful curves, and are influenced by the free-flowing allemandes and programmatic pieces.The transition from the strict counterpoint in the Titelouze vein to the colorful, concertante organ style introduced by Guillaume-Gabriel Nivers and Nicolas Lebgue influenced the 17th century European composers. The first French composer to write for specific registration and also the first to compose leaping division basses in the style of divisions for the bass viol was <mask>. The style of French organ music of the 17th and 18th centuries were defined by these two characteristics. Oeuvres de clavecin is a book by <mask>. Davitt Moroney edited the second modern edition. The ditions de l'Oiseau-Lyre was published in 1985. The ornaments in the first edition were not contemporary with <mask>.The best biographical source on Couperin in English is Moroney's lengthy introduction. Pices d' orgue was written by <mask>. Guy Oldham wrote and edited it. ditions de l'Oiseau-Lyre are in Monaco. There are 144 pages. This volume contains the musical text of 70 pieces, as well as the relevant plainchant melodies with their texts to facilitate alternatim performance, a facsimile page, editor's notes, and a critical commentary. Out of print.A companion publication, consisting of extended prefatory material, including a technical description of the source, information on the organs played by <mask>rin, and suggestions for performance, was planned but never published. The notes have references to David and Bruce. "Louis Couperin" is a song by "Grove Music Online". grovemusic.com has a subscription access. Halbreich, Harry, and others. Blandine Verlet played the works on 5 AstréeNave CDs. Davitt Moroney.There are liner notes to the CD "<mask>rin: Intégrale de l'oeuvre de clavecin".

20132567

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Isaacson

Peter Isaacson

Peter Stuart Isaacson, AM, DFC, AFC, DFM (31 July 1920 – 7 April 2017) was an Australian publisher and decorated military pilot. He was the owner of Peter Isaacson Publications, publisher of various trade journals and suburban newspapers including the Southern Cross and the Sunday Observer in Melbourne. During World War II, he served in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) as a pilot with RAF Bomber Command and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross, the Air Force Cross and the Distinguished Flying Medal. Isaacson grew up in Melbourne and started working for a newspaper when he was sixteen. He joined the RAAF in 1940. Following his stint in Bomber Command, he became well known in Australia for his tours in the Avro Lancaster Q-for-Queenie to promote the sale of war loans and, in particular, for flying his plane under the Sydney Harbour Bridge in 1943. He transferred to the RAAF Reserve after the war, retiring as a wing commander in 1969. From 1956 he served as a Trustee, Chairman, and finally Life Governor of the Victorian Shrine of Remembrance. In 1991 he was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia for his publishing and community work. Early life Isaacson was born in London on 31 July 1920 to an Australian father and an Austrian mother; his parents moved to Australia with him when he was six years old. Growing up in Melbourne, he was educated at Brighton Grammar School and started work at sixteen as a messenger boy on The Age, where his mother Caroline edited women's features. All of Isaacson's immediate family would eventually serve in World War II: his father, Arnold, a World War I veteran, joined the Volunteer Defence Corps, his mother became Public Relations Officer in the Australian Women's Army Service (AWAS), and his sister Joan became a photographer with the AWAS. World War II On 8 December 1940, the nineteen-year-old Isaacson enlisted in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). After completing his training in Australia and Canada, he was posted to the United Kingdom and joined No. 460 Squadron RAAF at RAAF Breighton, Yorkshire, as a sergeant pilot. Operating Vickers Wellington medium bombers, No. 460 Squadron had been raised under the Article XV provisions of the Empire Air Training Scheme and was one of a number of nominally Australian formations taking part in RAF Bomber Command's strategic air campaign against Germany. The squadron commenced operations in March 1942 and participated in 1,000-bomber raids against Cologne, Essen and Bremen in May and June. It converted to Avro Lancaster heavy bombers in October. Isaacson was awarded the Distinguished Flying Medal on 6 November 1942 for "many successful night attacks on the enemy" with No. 460 Squadron. The following month his Lancaster was damaged by a Junkers Ju 88 night fighter after a raid on Munich. Commissioned as a pilot officer, Isaacson was subsequently posted to No. 156 Squadron RAF of the Pathfinder Force, based at RAF Warboys, Huntingdonshire. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross on 30 March 1943 for his actions during a raid on Berlin. His citation, promulgated in the London Gazette, read: Isaacson completed forty-five sorties with Bomber Command, when the likelihood of surviving an operational tour of thirty missions was never more than 50% and, at times, much less. Promoted to acting flight lieutenant, he was chosen in May 1943 to captain Lancaster Q-for-Queenie on a landmark flight from England to Australia across the Pacific Ocean, and then from Melbourne to New Zealand and back, non-stop in both directions. He was awarded the Air Force Cross on 27 August 1943 for this mission, the citation noting that it was "the first occasion on which an aircraft has flown to Australia by this route and the direct flights between Melbourne and New Zealand are the first of their kind". The Lancaster was brought to Australia so that it could serve as a template for local production of the type, but this never took place and it was instead used for exhibition flights to encourage purchase of war bonds. On 22 October 1943 Isaacson flew Q-for-Queenie under the Sydney Harbour Bridge, flouting a 1931 regulation that prohibited such activity; the Lancaster remains the largest aircraft to have been flown under the bridge. Isaacson gave his crew no warning of what he was about to do and when asked later why he did it, replied "Because it was there". It was, however, reported at the time that he undertook the stunt to support the war loan effort for which he and his crew were actively fundraising. Notwithstanding the publicity the escapade generated for war loans, Isaacson recalled that when he landed at Mascot afterwards: In December 1943, following his promotional tour with his crew in Q-for-Queenie, he settled down to instructional work at an operational training unit before undertaking a further tour in the Lancaster commencing in March 1944. Post-war career Isaacson stood as the Liberal candidate for Prahran in the November 1945 Victorian state election, but was defeated by Labor's Bill Quirk. His wartime commission was terminated on 21 February 1946 and he transferred to the RAAF Reserve. He was state commandant of the Victorian Squadron of the Air Training Corps from 1950, and commandant of No. 21 (City of Melbourne) Squadron from 1961, before retiring in 1969 with the rank of wing commander. He also served as an honorary aide-de-camp to Queen Elizabeth II from 1963 to 1965. After working as aviation correspondent for The Argus in Melbourne, Isaacson set up his first newspaper, the Advertiser, in 1947; he established Peter Isaacson Publications the same year. The Advertiser took over other community newspapers and became the Southern Cross, which Isaacson edited and published along with Sunday Observer and various business and industry magazines. In 1986 Peter Isaacson Publications took over the Asher Joel Media Group. Southern Cross was bought by APN News & Media in 1993 and Isaacson became APN's director, serving until 1998. He chaired TW Media from 1997 to 2005. Isaacson married Anne McIntyre in Melbourne on 21 December 1950. The couple, who had known each other since their teens, had delayed their wedding during Anne's five-year struggle with polio and Isaacson carried his future bride to the registry office on the day. The marriage produced two sons. On 10 June 1991 Isaacson was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia "for services to the print media and the community". He published As I Remember Them: Men and Women Who Shaped a Life, a collection of eulogies he had delivered for friends and colleagues, in 2012. In May of that year he was among a group of thirty-two veterans selected to attend the dedication of the RAF Bomber Command Memorial in London as part of the official Australian delegation. Isaacson was a Life Governor of the Victorian Shrine of Remembrance, having previously served as a Trustee from 1956 to 2000, and Chairman from 1983 to 2000. He and his wife lived in the Melbourne suburb of Toorak. Issaacson died on 7 April 2017 in Melbourne at the age of 96, following a short illness. He was survived by his sons; Anne had died the year before. Notes References Further reading 1920 births 2017 deaths Australian newspaper publishers (people) Australian World War II pilots Members of the Order of Australia Recipients of the Air Force Cross (United Kingdom) Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom) Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Medal Royal Australian Air Force officers Royal Australian Air Force personnel of World War II British emigrants to Australia

<mask>, AM, DFC, AFC, DFM (31 July 1920 – 7 April 2017) was an Australian publisher and decorated military pilot. He was the owner of Peter Isaacson Publications, publisher of various trade journals and suburban newspapers including the Southern Cross and the Sunday Observer in Melbourne. During World War II, he served in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) as a pilot with RAF Bomber Command and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross, the Air Force Cross and the Distinguished Flying Medal. <mask> grew up in Melbourne and started working for a newspaper when he was sixteen. He joined the RAAF in 1940. Following his stint in Bomber Command, he became well known in Australia for his tours in the Avro Lancaster Q-for-Queenie to promote the sale of war loans and, in particular, for flying his plane under the Sydney Harbour Bridge in 1943. He transferred to the RAAF Reserve after the war, retiring as a wing commander in 1969.From 1956 he served as a Trustee, Chairman, and finally Life Governor of the Victorian Shrine of Remembrance. In 1991 he was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia for his publishing and community work. Early life <mask> was born in London on 31 July 1920 to an Australian father and an Austrian mother; his parents moved to Australia with him when he was six years old. Growing up in Melbourne, he was educated at Brighton Grammar School and started work at sixteen as a messenger boy on The Age, where his mother Caroline edited women's features. All of <mask>'s immediate family would eventually serve in World War II: his father, Arnold, a World War I veteran, joined the Volunteer Defence Corps, his mother became Public Relations Officer in the Australian Women's Army Service (AWAS), and his sister Joan became a photographer with the AWAS. World War II On 8 December 1940, the nineteen-year-old <mask> enlisted in the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). After completing his training in Australia and Canada, he was posted to the United Kingdom and joined No.460 Squadron RAAF at RAAF Breighton, Yorkshire, as a sergeant pilot. Operating Vickers Wellington medium bombers, No. 460 Squadron had been raised under the Article XV provisions of the Empire Air Training Scheme and was one of a number of nominally Australian formations taking part in RAF Bomber Command's strategic air campaign against Germany. The squadron commenced operations in March 1942 and participated in 1,000-bomber raids against Cologne, Essen and Bremen in May and June. It converted to Avro Lancaster heavy bombers in October. <mask> was awarded the Distinguished Flying Medal on 6 November 1942 for "many successful night attacks on the enemy" with No. 460 Squadron.The following month his Lancaster was damaged by a Junkers Ju 88 night fighter after a raid on Munich. Commissioned as a pilot officer, <mask> was subsequently posted to No. 156 Squadron RAF of the Pathfinder Force, based at RAF Warboys, Huntingdonshire. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross on 30 March 1943 for his actions during a raid on Berlin. His citation, promulgated in the London Gazette, read: Isaacson completed forty-five sorties with Bomber Command, when the likelihood of surviving an operational tour of thirty missions was never more than 50% and, at times, much less. Promoted to acting flight lieutenant, he was chosen in May 1943 to captain Lancaster Q-for-Queenie on a landmark flight from England to Australia across the Pacific Ocean, and then from Melbourne to New Zealand and back, non-stop in both directions. He was awarded the Air Force Cross on 27 August 1943 for this mission, the citation noting that it was "the first occasion on which an aircraft has flown to Australia by this route and the direct flights between Melbourne and New Zealand are the first of their kind".The Lancaster was brought to Australia so that it could serve as a template for local production of the type, but this never took place and it was instead used for exhibition flights to encourage purchase of war bonds. On 22 October 1943 <mask> flew Q-for-Queenie under the Sydney Harbour Bridge, flouting a 1931 regulation that prohibited such activity; the Lancaster remains the largest aircraft to have been flown under the bridge. <mask> gave his crew no warning of what he was about to do and when asked later why he did it, replied "Because it was there". It was, however, reported at the time that he undertook the stunt to support the war loan effort for which he and his crew were actively fundraising. Notwithstanding the publicity the escapade generated for war loans, <mask> recalled that when he landed at Mascot afterwards: In December 1943, following his promotional tour with his crew in Q-for-Queenie, he settled down to instructional work at an operational training unit before undertaking a further tour in the Lancaster commencing in March 1944. Post-war career <mask> stood as the Liberal candidate for Prahran in the November 1945 Victorian state election, but was defeated by Labor's Bill Quirk. His wartime commission was terminated on 21 February 1946 and he transferred to the RAAF Reserve.He was state commandant of the Victorian Squadron of the Air Training Corps from 1950, and commandant of No. 21 (City of Melbourne) Squadron from 1961, before retiring in 1969 with the rank of wing commander. He also served as an honorary aide-de-camp to Queen Elizabeth II from 1963 to 1965. After working as aviation correspondent for The Argus in Melbourne, <mask> set up his first newspaper, the Advertiser, in 1947; he established Peter Isaacson Publications the same year. The Advertiser took over other community newspapers and became the Southern Cross, which <mask> edited and published along with Sunday Observer and various business and industry magazines. In 1986 Peter Isaacson Publications took over the Asher Joel Media Group. Southern Cross was bought by APN News & Media in 1993 and <mask> became APN's director, serving until 1998.He chaired TW Media from 1997 to 2005. <mask> married Anne McIntyre in Melbourne on 21 December 1950. The couple, who had known each other since their teens, had delayed their wedding during Anne's five-year struggle with polio and Isaacson carried his future bride to the registry office on the day. The marriage produced two sons. On 10 June 1991 <mask> was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia "for services to the print media and the community". He published As I Remember Them: Men and Women Who Shaped a Life, a collection of eulogies he had delivered for friends and colleagues, in 2012. In May of that year he was among a group of thirty-two veterans selected to attend the dedication of the RAF Bomber Command Memorial in London as part of the official Australian delegation.<mask> was a Life Governor of the Victorian Shrine of Remembrance, having previously served as a Trustee from 1956 to 2000, and Chairman from 1983 to 2000. He and his wife lived in the Melbourne suburb of Toorak. Issaacson died on 7 April 2017 in Melbourne at the age of 96, following a short illness. He was survived by his sons; Anne had died the year before. Notes References Further reading 1920 births 2017 deaths Australian newspaper publishers (people) Australian World War II pilots Members of the Order of Australia Recipients of the Air Force Cross (United Kingdom) Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom) Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Medal Royal Australian Air Force officers Royal Australian Air Force personnel of World War II British emigrants to Australia

<mask> was an Australian publisher and decorated military pilot. He was the publisher of the Southern Cross and the Sunday Observer. He was a pilot in the Royal Australian Air Force during World War II and was awarded the Air Force Cross and theDistinguished Flying Medal. He started working for a newspaper when he was sixteen. He joined the RAAF in 1940. He became well known in Australia for his tours in the Avro Lancaster Q-for-Queenie to promote the sale of war loans and for flying his plane under the Sydney Harbour Bridge in 1943. He retired as a wing commander in 1969.He was a Trustee, Chairman, and Life Governor of the Victorian Shrine of Remembrance. He was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in 1991. His parents moved to Australia with him when he was six years old, after he was born in London on July 31, 1920. He began his career as a messenger boy on The Age at the age of sixteen, where his mother edited women's features. His father, a World War I veteran, joined the Volunteer Defence Corps, his mother became a Public Relations Officer in the Australian Women's Army Service, and his sister became a photographer. On December 8, 1940, the nineteen-year-old <mask> enlisted in the Royal Australian Air Force. He was posted to the United Kingdom after completing his training in Australia and Canada.As a sergeant pilot, 460 Squadron RAAF at RAAF Breighton, Yorkshire. The Wellington medium bombers were operating. One of the nominally Australian formations that took part in the strategic air campaign against Germany was 460 Squadron. In May and June of 1942 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 888-349-8884 It became Avro Lancaster heavy bombers in October. On 6 November 1942, he was awarded the distinguished flying medal for "many successful night attacks on the enemy". A squadron.The Lancaster was damaged by a Junkers Ju 88 night fighter. 1 after being commissioned as a pilot officer. The squadron is based at the Warboys. He received theDistinguished Flying Cross for his actions during the raid on Berlin. The likelihood of surviving an operational tour of thirty missions was never more than 50% and at times, much less, according to his citation. He was promoted to acting flight lieutenant in May 1943 and became the captain of Lancaster Q-for-Queenie on a landmark flight from England to Australia across the Pacific Ocean. He was awarded the Air Force Cross for this mission in 1943, which was the first time an aircraft had flown to Australia by this route and the first flights between New Zealand and Australia.The Lancaster was brought to Australia so that it could serve as a template for local production of the type, but this never took place and it was instead used for exhibition flights to encourage purchase of war bonds. The Lancaster remains the largest aircraft to have been flown under the bridge after it was flown Q-for-Queenie on 22 October 1943. When asked why he did it, he replied "Because it was there". It was reported at the time that he undertook the stunt to raise money for the war loan effort. After his promotional tour with his crew in Q-for-Queenie, he settled down to instructional work at an operational training unit before embarking on a further tour in the Lancaster. The Liberal candidate for Prahran in the 1945 Victorian state election was defeated by the Labor candidate. He was transferred to the RAAF Reserve after his wartime commission ended.He was the commandant of the Victorian Squadron of the Air Training Corps from 1950 to 1950. In 1969 the rank of wing commander was attained by 21 (City of Melbourne) Squadron. From 1963 to 1965, he was an aide-de-camp to Queen Elizabeth II. In 1947, after working as an aviation correspondent for The Argus, he set up his first newspaper, the Advertiser. The Advertiser took over other community newspapers and became the Southern Cross. Peter Isaacson Publications took over the Asher Joel Media Group in 1986. Southern Cross was bought by APN News & Media in 1993.TW Media was chaired by him from 1997 to 2005. Anne McIntyre was married to <mask> on December 21, 1950. The couple, who had known each other since their teens, had delayed their wedding during Anne's five-year struggle with the disease. Two sons were produced by the marriage. On 10 June 1991 he was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia for his services to the print media and the community. In 2012 he published As I Remember Them: Men and Women Who Shaped a Life. He was one of thirty-two veterans selected to attend the dedication of the RAF Bomber Command Memorial in London as part of the official Australian delegation.He served as a Trustee from 1956 to 2000 and Chairman from 1983 to 2000. Toorak was where he and his wife lived. The cause of death for the 96-year-old was a short illness. The year before, Anne had died. Australian World War II pilots were members of the Order of Australia and recipients of the Air Force Cross.

912089

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie%20Munger

Charlie Munger

Charles Thomas Munger (born January 1, 1924) is an American billionaire investor, businessman, and former real estate attorney. He is vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway, the conglomerate controlled by Warren Buffett; Buffett has described Munger as his closest partner and right-hand man. Munger served as chairman of Wesco Financial Corporation from 1984 through 2011. He is also chairman of the Daily Journal Corporation, based in Los Angeles, California, and a director of Costco Wholesale Corporation. Early life and education Munger was born in Omaha, Nebraska. As a teenager, he worked at Buffett & Son, a grocery store owned by Warren Buffett's grandfather. His father, Alfred Case Munger, was a lawyer. His grandfather was Thomas Charles Munger, a U.S. district court judge and state representative. He enrolled in the University of Michigan, where he studied mathematics. During his time in college, he joined the fraternity Sigma Phi Society. In early 1943, a few days after his 19th birthday, he dropped out of college to serve in the U.S. Army Air Corps, where he became a second lieutenant. After receiving a high score on the Army General Classification Test, he was ordered to study meteorology at Caltech in Pasadena, California, the town he was to make his home. Through the GI Bill Munger took a number of advanced courses through several universities. When he applied to his father's alma mater, Harvard Law School, the dean of admissions rejected him because Munger had not completed an undergraduate degree. However, the dean relented after a call from Roscoe Pound, the former dean of Harvard Law and a Munger family friend. Munger excelled in law school, graduating magna cum laude with a J.D. in 1948. At Harvard, he was a member of the Harvard Legal Aid Bureau. In college and the Army, he developed "an important skill": card playing. “What you have to learn is to fold early when the odds are against you, or if you have a big edge, back it heavily because you don't get a big edge often. Opportunity comes, but it doesn't come often, so seize it when it does come.” Investment career He moved with his family to California, where he joined the law firm Wright & Garrett (later Musick, Peeler & Garrett). In 1962 he founded and worked as a real estate attorney at Munger, Tolles & Olson LLP. He then gave up the practice of law to concentrate on managing investments and later partnered with Otis Booth in real estate development. He then partnered with Jack Wheeler to form Wheeler, Munger, and Company, an investment firm with a seat on the Pacific Coast Stock Exchange. He wound up Wheeler, Munger, and Co. in 1976, after losses of 32% in 1973 and 31% in 1974. Although Munger is better known for his association with Buffett, he ran an investment partnership of his own from 1962 to 1975. According to Buffett's essay "The Superinvestors of Graham-and-Doddsville", published in 1984, Munger's investment partnership generated compound annual returns of 19.8% during the 1962–75 period compared to a 5.0% annual appreciation rate for the Dow. Munger was previously the chairman of Wesco Financial Corporation, now a wholly owned subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway. It began as a savings and loan association, but eventually grew to control Precision Steel Corp., CORT Furniture Leasing, Kansas Bankers Surety Company, and other ventures. Wesco Financial also held a concentrated equity portfolio of over US$1.5 billion in companies such as Coca-Cola, Wells Fargo, Procter & Gamble, Kraft Foods, US Bancorp, and Goldman Sachs. Munger believes that holding a concentrated number of stocks that he knows extremely well will in the long term produce superior returns. Wesco is based in Pasadena, California, Munger's adopted hometown. Pasadena was also the site of the company's annual shareholders' meeting, which were typically held on the Wednesday or Thursday after the more famous Berkshire Hathaway annual meeting. Munger's meetings were nearly as legendary in the investment community as those he co-hosts with Buffett in Omaha. Such meetings were often perfunctory, but Munger interacted with the other Wesco shareholders at considerable length, sometimes speculating about what Benjamin Franklin would do in a given situation. Meeting notes have been posted on the Futile Finance? website, but no updates exist beyond 2011. Munger is also the chairman of the Daily Journal Corporation. Since Wesco meetings ended, the Daily Journal annual meeting has grown in importance, as investors flock to the meeting to listen to him speak at length. Investment philosophy "Elementary, worldly wisdom" In multiple speeches, and in the book Poor Charlie's Almanack: The Wit and Wisdom of Charles T. Munger, “worldly wisdom” consists of a set of mental models framed as a latticework to help solve critical business problems. Munger, along with Buffett, is one of the main inspirations behind the book Seeking Wisdom: From Darwin to Munger. Author Peter Bevelin explained his key learnings from both Munger and Buffett in a 2007 interview: "How to think about businesses and investing, how to behave in life, the importance of ethics and honesty, how to approach problems but foremost how to reduce the chance of meeting problems." Bevelin stated that previously, he "was lacking the Munger ability to un-learn my own best-loved ideas". Munger states that high ethical standards are integral to his philosophy; at the 2009 Wesco Financial Corporation annual meeting he said, "Good businesses are ethical businesses. A business model that relies on trickery is doomed to fail." During an interview and Q&A session at Harvard-Westlake School on January 19, 2010, Munger referred to American philosopher Charles Frankel in his discussion on the financial crisis of 2007–08 and the philosophy of responsibility. Munger explained that Frankel believed: ...the system is responsible in proportion to the degree that the people who make the decisions bear the consequences. So to Charlie Frankel, you don’t create a loan system where all the people who make the loans promptly dump them on somebody else through lies and twaddle, and they don’t bear the responsibility when the loans are good or bad. To Frankel, that is amoral, that is an irresponsible system. Lollapalooza effect Munger uses the term "Lollapalooza effect" for multiple biases, tendencies or mental models acting in compound with each other at the same time in the same direction. With the Lollapalooza effect, itself a mental model, the result is often extreme, due to the confluence of the mental models, biases or tendencies acting together, greatly increasing the likelihood of acting irrationally. During a talk at Harvard in 1995 titled The Psychology of Human Misjudgment, Munger mentions Tupperware parties and open outcry auctions, where he explained "three, four, five of these things work together and it turns human brains into mush," meaning that normal people will be highly likely to succumb to the multiple irrational tendencies acting in the same direction. In the Tupperware party, you have reciprocation, consistency and commitment tendency, and social proof. (The hostess gave the party and the tendency is to reciprocate; you say you like certain products during the party so purchasing would be consistent with views you've committed to; other people are buying, which is the social proof.) In the open outcry auction, there is social proof of others bidding, reciprocation tendency, commitment to buying the item, and deprivation super-reaction syndrome, i.e. sense of loss. The latter is an individual's sense of loss of what he or she believes should be (or is) his or hers. These biases often occur at either conscious or subconscious level, and in both microeconomic and macroeconomic scale. Principle of inversion Munger is famous for his quote All I want to know is where I’m going to die, so I’ll never go there. This thinking was inspired by the German mathematician Carl Jacobi who often solved difficult problems by following a simple strategy: man muss immer umkehren (or loosely translated, "invert, always invert.") "[Jacobi] knew that it is in the nature of things that many hard problems are best solved when they are addressed backward," Munger counsels. "Indeed, many problems can’t be solved forward." Criticism of cryptocurrencies and Robinhood Munger is critical of cryptocurrencies, referring to Bitcoin in particular as "noxious poison." Munger also compared Robinhood to gambling, saying that its success is due to "people who know how to take advantage essentially of the gambling instincts of, not only American public, worldwide public” and further explained why he thinks individual investments without commission is tantamount to gambling. “If you cater to those gambling chips, when people have money in their pocket for the first time, and you tell them they can make 30 or 40 or 50 trades a day, and you’re not charging them any commission, but you’re selling their order flow or whatever, I hope we don’t have more of it.” Wealth and philanthropy As of January 2021, Munger has an estimated net worth of $1.9 billion according to Forbes. Munger is a major benefactor of the University of Michigan. In 2007, Munger made a $3 million gift to the University of Michigan Law School for lighting improvements in Hutchins Hall and the William W. Cook Legal Research Building, including the noted Reading Room. In 2011, Munger made another gift to the Law School, contributing $20 million for renovations to the Lawyers Club housing complex, which will cover the majority of the $39 million cost. The renovated portion of the Lawyers Club will be renamed the Charles T. Munger Residences in the Lawyers Club in his honor. In 1997, the Mungers donated $1.8 million to the Marlborough School in Los Angeles, of which Nancy Munger was an alumna. The couple also donated to the Polytechnic School in Pasadena and the Los Angeles YMCA. On December 28, 2011, Munger donated 10 shares of Berkshire Hathaway Class A stock (currently valued at $422,214 per share, or $4.22 million total) to the University of Michigan. Munger and his late wife Nancy B. Munger have been major benefactors of Stanford University. Nancy Munger was an alumna of Stanford, and Wendy Munger, Charlie Munger's daughter from a previous marriage, was also an alumna (A.B. 1972). Both Nancy and Wendy Munger served as members of the Stanford board of trustees. In 2004, the Mungers donated 500 shares of Berkshire Hathaway Class A stock, then valued at $43.5 million, to Stanford to build a graduate student housing complex. Munger has not signed The Giving Pledge that was started by his partner Warren Buffett and Co-Director, Bill Gates, and has stated that he "can't do it" because "[he has] already transferred so much to [his] children that [he has] already violated it." Architectural efforts and controversy Though Munger has no formal architectural training, he has contributed heavily to numerous building designs, including dormitories at Stanford University and the University of Michigan — as well as his current home. He has donated to universities on the precondition that the universities follow his architectural blueprints exactly. In each case, Munger promotes key architectural concepts of his own liking, and cedes professional architectural responsibility to a licensed architect of record, e.g., Hartman-Cox Architects in the case of the dormitory at UMichigan, and the firm of VTBS for the U. Santa Barbara residence hall. On April 18, 2013, the University of Michigan announced the single largest gift in its history: a $110 million gift from Munger to fund a new "state of the art" residence designed to foster a community of scholars, where graduate students from multiple disciplines can live and exchange ideas. The gift includes $10 million for graduate student fellowships. Munger designed the residence, which houses 600 single bedrooms, most of which are designed to be windowless. The Munger Graduate Residence, funded and designed by Munger himself, opened in late 2009 and now houses 600 law and graduate students. The Munger family gave a major gift to Stanford's Green Library to fund the restoration of the Bing Wing as well as the construction of a rotunda on the library's second floor, and endowed the Munger Chair in Nancy and Charles Munger Professorship of Business at Stanford Law School. Munger has been a trustee of the Harvard-Westlake School in Los Angeles for more than 40 years, and previously served as chair of the board of trustees. His five sons and stepsons as well as at least one grandson graduated from the prep school. In 2009, Munger donated eight shares of Berkshire Hathaway Class A stock, worth nearly $800,000, to Harvard-Westlake. In 2006, Munger donated 100 shares of Berkshire Hathaway Class A stock, then valued at $9.2 million, to the school toward a building campaign at Harvard-Westlake's middle school campus. The Mungers had previously made a gift to build the $13 million Munger Science Center at the high school campus, a two-story classroom and laboratory building which opened in 1995 and has been described as "a science teacher's dream". The design of the Science Center was substantially influenced by Munger. In October 2014, Munger announced that he would donate $65 million to the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara. This is the largest gift in the history of the school. The donation went toward construction of a residence building designed by Munger for visitors of the Kavli Institute in an effort to bring together physicists to exchange ideas as Munger stated,"to talk to one another, create new stuff, cross-fertilize ideas". In March 2016, Munger announced a further $200 million gift to UC Santa Barbara, conditioned on the university’s commitment to spend it on an undergraduate dormitory of Munger’s own unconventional design preferences, notably windowless bedrooms and common areas, while tripling the record gift he gave for the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics. In October, 2021, Munger's insistence that the university follow his design compelled professional architect, Dennis McFadden, who had served the university for two decades, to resign from the university's Design Review Committee. McFadden stated that the windowless, 1.68-million-square-foot dormitory would be “'unsupportable from my perspective as an architect, a parent, and a human being.... An ample body of documented evidence shows that interior environments with access to natural light, air, and views to nature improve both the physical and mental wellbeing of occupants.... The Munger Hall design ignores this evidence and seems to take the position that it doesn’t matter.... [T]he building is a social and psychological experiment with an unknown impact on the lives and personal development of the undergraduates the university serves." Personal life In 1945, while studying at Caltech, Munger married Nancy Huggins, daughter of Frederick R. Huggins and Edith M. Huggins. She was a Pasadena native who had been Munger's sister's roommate at Scripps College. They had three children, Wendy Munger (a former corporate lawyer, trustee of Stanford University, and trustee of The Huntington Library), Molly Munger (a civil rights attorney and funder of a ballot initiative to raise California taxes for public education) and Teddy Munger (deceased, leukemia, age 9). After Munger's divorce, he remarried within a couple of years. From his second marriage with Nancy Barry, daughter of David Noble Barry Jr. and Emilie Hevener Barry, he has four children—physicist and Republican activist Charles T. Munger Jr., Emilie Munger Ogden, Barry A. Munger and Philip R. Munger—and two stepchildren: William Harold Borthwick and David Borthwick. On July 22, 2002, Munger's first wife Nancy Huggins Freeman died of cancer at age 76. On February 6, 2010, Munger's wife Nancy Barry Munger died at home at age 86. Munger is a Republican and has provided his opinions on a number of political topics including the policies of the Trump administration. Munger states he is "not a normal Republican", for example advocating "medicare for all" as a fix to the U.S. healthcare system, "I think we should have single-payer medicine eventually". Munger repeated his sentiments in another interview, praising Singapore's single payer system in contrast to the U.S. "insane" system which is a "national disgrace". In his 50s, after a failed eye cataract surgery that rendered his left eye blind, Munger had his left eye removed due to severe pain. When doctors told him that he had developed a condition that may cause his remaining eye to fill up with blood and become blind too, Munger started taking braille lessons. The eye condition has since receded and he still has sight in his right eye. References Sources Lowe, Janet (2000) Damn Right! Behind the scenes with Berkshire Hathaway billionaire Charlie Munger, John Wiley & Sons () Kaufman, Peter (2005, 2006 for the second edition and 2008 for the third edition) Poor Charlie's Almanack: The Wit and Wisdom of Charles T. Munger Bevelin, Peter (2007) Seeking Wisdom: From Darwin to Munger () Labitan, Bud (2008) The Four Filters Invention of Warren Buffett and Charlie Munger, Acalmix () Griffin, Tren (2015) Charlie Munger: The Complete Investor () Further reading External links Charlie Munger Link Collection 1924 births Living people United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II American billionaires American chief executives of financial services companies American financial analysts American financial company founders American financiers American businesspeople in insurance American investors American money managers American philanthropists American stock traders Berkshire Hathaway employees Businesspeople from Omaha, Nebraska California Institute of Technology alumni Directors of Berkshire Hathaway Harvard Law School alumni Nebraska lawyers University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni People associated with Munger, Tolles & Olson United States Army Air Forces officers California Republicans

<mask> (born January 1, 1924) is an American billionaire investor, businessman, and former real estate attorney. He is vice chairman of Berkshire Hathaway, the conglomerate controlled by Warren Buffett; Buffett has described <mask> as his closest partner and right-hand man. Munger served as chairman of Wesco Financial Corporation from 1984 through 2011. He is also chairman of the Daily Journal Corporation, based in Los Angeles, California, and a director of Costco Wholesale Corporation. Early life and education <mask> was born in Omaha, Nebraska. As a teenager, he worked at Buffett & Son, a grocery store owned by Warren Buffett's grandfather. His father, <mask>, was a lawyer.His grandfather was Thomas Charles <mask>, a U.S. district court judge and state representative. He enrolled in the University of Michigan, where he studied mathematics. During his time in college, he joined the fraternity Sigma Phi Society. In early 1943, a few days after his 19th birthday, he dropped out of college to serve in the U.S. Army Air Corps, where he became a second lieutenant. After receiving a high score on the Army General Classification Test, he was ordered to study meteorology at Caltech in Pasadena, California, the town he was to make his home. Through the GI <mask> took a number of advanced courses through several universities. When he applied to his father's alma mater, Harvard Law School, the dean of admissions rejected him because Munger had not completed an undergraduate degree.However, the dean relented after a call from Roscoe Pound, the former dean of Harvard Law and a Munger family friend. Munger excelled in law school, graduating magna cum laude with a J.D. in 1948. At Harvard, he was a member of the Harvard Legal Aid Bureau. In college and the Army, he developed "an important skill": card playing. “What you have to learn is to fold early when the odds are against you, or if you have a big edge, back it heavily because you don't get a big edge often. Opportunity comes, but it doesn't come often, so seize it when it does come.” Investment career He moved with his family to California, where he joined the law firm Wright & Garrett (later Musick, Peeler & Garrett).In 1962 he founded and worked as a real estate attorney at Munger, Tolles & Olson LLP. He then gave up the practice of law to concentrate on managing investments and later partnered with Otis Booth in real estate development. He then partnered with Jack Wheeler to form Wheeler, Munger, and Company, an investment firm with a seat on the Pacific Coast Stock Exchange. He wound up Wheeler, Munger, and Co. in 1976, after losses of 32% in 1973 and 31% in 1974. Although <mask> is better known for his association with Buffett, he ran an investment partnership of his own from 1962 to 1975. According to Buffett's essay "The Superinvestors of Graham-and-Doddsville", published in 1984, <mask>'s investment partnership generated compound annual returns of 19.8% during the 1962–75 period compared to a 5.0% annual appreciation rate for the Dow. <mask> was previously the chairman of Wesco Financial Corporation, now a wholly owned subsidiary of Berkshire Hathaway.It began as a savings and loan association, but eventually grew to control Precision Steel Corp., CORT Furniture Leasing, Kansas Bankers Surety Company, and other ventures. Wesco Financial also held a concentrated equity portfolio of over US$1.5 billion in companies such as Coca-Cola, Wells Fargo, Procter & Gamble, Kraft Foods, US Bancorp, and Goldman Sachs. Munger believes that holding a concentrated number of stocks that he knows extremely well will in the long term produce superior returns. Wesco is based in Pasadena, California, Munger's adopted hometown. Pasadena was also the site of the company's annual shareholders' meeting, which were typically held on the Wednesday or Thursday after the more famous Berkshire Hathaway annual meeting. <mask>'s meetings were nearly as legendary in the investment community as those he co-hosts with Buffett in Omaha. Such meetings were often perfunctory, but Munger interacted with the other Wesco shareholders at considerable length, sometimes speculating about what Benjamin Franklin would do in a given situation.Meeting notes have been posted on the Futile Finance? website, but no updates exist beyond 2011. <mask> is also the chairman of the Daily Journal Corporation. Since Wesco meetings ended, the Daily Journal annual meeting has grown in importance, as investors flock to the meeting to listen to him speak at length. Investment philosophy "Elementary, worldly wisdom" In multiple speeches, and in the book Poor Charlie's Almanack: The Wit and Wisdom of Charles T<mask>, “worldly wisdom” consists of a set of mental models framed as a latticework to help solve critical business problems. <mask>, along with Buffett, is one of the main inspirations behind the book Seeking Wisdom: From Darwin to Munger. Author Peter Bevelin explained his key learnings from both <mask> and Buffett in a 2007 interview: "How to think about businesses and investing, how to behave in life, the importance of ethics and honesty, how to approach problems but foremost how to reduce the chance of meeting problems."Bevelin stated that previously, he "was lacking the Munger ability to un-learn my own best-loved ideas". <mask> states that high ethical standards are integral to his philosophy; at the 2009 Wesco Financial Corporation annual meeting he said, "Good businesses are ethical businesses. A business model that relies on trickery is doomed to fail." During an interview and Q&A session at Harvard-Westlake School on January 19, 2010, <mask> referred to American philosopher Charles Frankel in his discussion on the financial crisis of 2007–08 and the philosophy of responsibility. <mask> explained that Frankel believed: ...the system is responsible in proportion to the degree that the people who make the decisions bear the consequences. So to <mask>, you don’t create a loan system where all the people who make the loans promptly dump them on somebody else through lies and twaddle, and they don’t bear the responsibility when the loans are good or bad. To Frankel, that is amoral, that is an irresponsible system.Lollapalooza effect <mask> uses the term "Lollapalooza effect" for multiple biases, tendencies or mental models acting in compound with each other at the same time in the same direction. With the Lollapalooza effect, itself a mental model, the result is often extreme, due to the confluence of the mental models, biases or tendencies acting together, greatly increasing the likelihood of acting irrationally. During a talk at Harvard in 1995 titled The Psychology of Human Misjudgment, <mask> mentions Tupperware parties and open outcry auctions, where he explained "three, four, five of these things work together and it turns human brains into mush," meaning that normal people will be highly likely to succumb to the multiple irrational tendencies acting in the same direction. In the Tupperware party, you have reciprocation, consistency and commitment tendency, and social proof. (The hostess gave the party and the tendency is to reciprocate; you say you like certain products during the party so purchasing would be consistent with views you've committed to; other people are buying, which is the social proof.) In the open outcry auction, there is social proof of others bidding, reciprocation tendency, commitment to buying the item, and deprivation super-reaction syndrome, i.e. sense of loss.The latter is an individual's sense of loss of what he or she believes should be (or is) his or hers. These biases often occur at either conscious or subconscious level, and in both microeconomic and macroeconomic scale. Principle of inversion Munger is famous for his quote All I want to know is where I’m going to die, so I’ll never go there. This thinking was inspired by the German mathematician Carl Jacobi who often solved difficult problems by following a simple strategy: man muss immer umkehren (or loosely translated, "invert, always invert.") "[Jacobi] knew that it is in the nature of things that many hard problems are best solved when they are addressed backward," Munger counsels. "Indeed, many problems can’t be solved forward." Criticism of cryptocurrencies and Robinhood Munger is critical of cryptocurrencies, referring to Bitcoin in particular as "noxious poison."Munger also compared Robinhood to gambling, saying that its success is due to "people who know how to take advantage essentially of the gambling instincts of, not only American public, worldwide public” and further explained why he thinks individual investments without commission is tantamount to gambling. “If you cater to those gambling chips, when people have money in their pocket for the first time, and you tell them they can make 30 or 40 or 50 trades a day, and you’re not charging them any commission, but you’re selling their order flow or whatever, I hope we don’t have more of it.” Wealth and philanthropy As of January 2021, Munger has an estimated net worth of $1.9 billion according to Forbes. Munger is a major benefactor of the University of Michigan. In 2007, Munger made a $3 million gift to the University of Michigan Law School for lighting improvements in Hutchins Hall and the William W. Cook Legal Research Building, including the noted Reading Room. In 2011, Munger made another gift to the Law School, contributing $20 million for renovations to the Lawyers Club housing complex, which will cover the majority of the $39 million cost. The renovated portion of the Lawyers Club will be renamed the Charles T. <mask> Residences in the Lawyers Club in his honor. In 1997, the <mask>s donated $1.8 million to the Marlborough School in Los Angeles, of which <mask> was an alumna.The couple also donated to the Polytechnic School in Pasadena and the Los Angeles YMCA. On December 28, 2011, <mask> donated 10 shares of Berkshire Hathaway Class A stock (currently valued at $422,214 per share, or $4.22 million total) to the University of Michigan. <mask> and his late wife Nancy B<mask> have been major benefactors of Stanford University. <mask> was an alumna of Stanford, and <mask>, <mask>'s daughter from a previous marriage, was also an alumna (A.B. 1972). Both Nancy and <mask> served as members of the Stanford board of trustees. In 2004, the <mask>s donated 500 shares of Berkshire Hathaway Class A stock, then valued at $43.5 million, to Stanford to build a graduate student housing complex.Munger has not signed The Giving Pledge that was started by his partner Warren Buffett and Co-Director, Bill Gates, and has stated that he "can't do it" because "[he has] already transferred so much to [his] children that [he has] already violated it." Architectural efforts and controversy Though Munger has no formal architectural training, he has contributed heavily to numerous building designs, including dormitories at Stanford University and the University of Michigan — as well as his current home. He has donated to universities on the precondition that the universities follow his architectural blueprints exactly. In each case, Munger promotes key architectural concepts of his own liking, and cedes professional architectural responsibility to a licensed architect of record, e.g., Hartman-Cox Architects in the case of the dormitory at UMichigan, and the firm of VTBS for the U. Santa Barbara residence hall. On April 18, 2013, the University of Michigan announced the single largest gift in its history: a $110 million gift from Munger to fund a new "state of the art" residence designed to foster a community of scholars, where graduate students from multiple disciplines can live and exchange ideas. The gift includes $10 million for graduate student fellowships. Munger designed the residence, which houses 600 single bedrooms, most of which are designed to be windowless.The <mask> Graduate Residence, funded and designed by <mask> himself, opened in late 2009 and now houses 600 law and graduate students. The <mask> family gave a major gift to Stanford's Green Library to fund the restoration of the Bing Wing as well as the construction of a rotunda on the library's second floor, and endowed the <mask> Chair in Nancy and <mask> Professorship of Business at Stanford Law School. <mask> has been a trustee of the Harvard-Westlake School in Los Angeles for more than 40 years, and previously served as chair of the board of trustees. His five sons and stepsons as well as at least one grandson graduated from the prep school. In 2009, <mask> donated eight shares of Berkshire Hathaway Class A stock, worth nearly $800,000, to Harvard-Westlake. In 2006, Munger donated 100 shares of Berkshire Hathaway Class A stock, then valued at $9.2 million, to the school toward a building campaign at Harvard-Westlake's middle school campus. The <mask>s had previously made a gift to build the $13 million Munger Science Center at the high school campus, a two-story classroom and laboratory building which opened in 1995 and has been described as "a science teacher's dream".The design of the Science Center was substantially influenced by <mask>. In October 2014, <mask> announced that he would donate $65 million to the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara. This is the largest gift in the history of the school. The donation went toward construction of a residence building designed by <mask> for visitors of the Kavli Institute in an effort to bring together physicists to exchange ideas as <mask> stated,"to talk to one another, create new stuff, cross-fertilize ideas". In March 2016, <mask> announced a further $200 million gift to UC Santa Barbara, conditioned on the university’s commitment to spend it on an undergraduate dormitory of <mask>’s own unconventional design preferences, notably windowless bedrooms and common areas, while tripling the record gift he gave for the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics. In October, 2021, <mask>'s insistence that the university follow his design compelled professional architect, Dennis McFadden, who had served the university for two decades, to resign from the university's Design Review Committee. McFadden stated that the windowless, 1.68-million-square-foot dormitory would be “'unsupportable from my perspective as an architect, a parent, and a human being.... An ample body of documented evidence shows that interior environments with access to natural light, air, and views to nature improve both the physical and mental wellbeing of occupants....The Munger Hall design ignores this evidence and seems to take the position that it doesn’t matter.... [T]he building is a social and psychological experiment with an unknown impact on the lives and personal development of the undergraduates the university serves." Personal life In 1945, while studying at Caltech, Munger married Nancy Huggins, daughter of Frederick R. Huggins and Edith M. Huggins. She was a Pasadena native who had been Munger's sister's roommate at Scripps College. They had three children, <mask> (a former corporate lawyer, trustee of Stanford University, and trustee of The Huntington Library), <mask> (a civil rights attorney and funder of a ballot initiative to raise California taxes for public education) and <mask> (deceased, leukemia, age 9). After Munger's divorce, he remarried within a couple of years. From his second marriage with Nancy Barry, daughter of David Noble Barry Jr. and Emilie Hevener Barry, he has four children—physicist and Republican activist Charles T<mask> Jr., Emilie <mask> Ogden, Barry A<mask> and Philip R<mask>—and two stepchildren: William Harold Borthwick and David Borthwick. On July 22, 2002, <mask>'s first wife Nancy Huggins Freeman died of cancer at age 76.On February 6, 2010, <mask>'s wife Nancy Barry <mask> died at home at age 86. <mask> is a Republican and has provided his opinions on a number of political topics including the policies of the Trump administration. Munger states he is "not a normal Republican", for example advocating "medicare for all" as a fix to the U.S. healthcare system, "I think we should have single-payer medicine eventually". <mask> repeated his sentiments in another interview, praising Singapore's single payer system in contrast to the U.S. "insane" system which is a "national disgrace". In his 50s, after a failed eye cataract surgery that rendered his left eye blind, Munger had his left eye removed due to severe pain. When doctors told him that he had developed a condition that may cause his remaining eye to fill up with blood and become blind too, Munger started taking braille lessons. The eye condition has since receded and he still has sight in his right eye.References Sources Lowe, Janet (2000) Damn Right! Behind the scenes with Berkshire Hathaway billionaire <mask>, John Wiley & Sons () Kaufman, Peter (2005, 2006 for the second edition and 2008 for the third edition) Poor Charlie's Almanack: The Wit and Wisdom of Charles T. Munger Bevelin, Peter (2007) Seeking Wisdom: From Darwin to Munger () Labitan, Bud (2008) The Four Filters Invention of Warren Buffett and <mask>, Acalmix () Griffin, Tren (2015) <mask>nger: The Complete Investor () Further reading External links Charlie Munger Link Collection 1924 births Living people United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II American billionaires American chief executives of financial services companies American financial analysts American financial company founders American financiers American businesspeople in insurance American investors American money managers American philanthropists American stock traders Berkshire Hathaway employees Businesspeople from Omaha, Nebraska California Institute of Technology alumni Directors of Berkshire Hathaway Harvard Law School alumni Nebraska lawyers University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni People associated with Munger, Tolles & Olson United States Army Air Forces officers California Republicans

<mask> is an American billionaire investor, businessman, and former real estate attorney. <mask> is the vice chairman of the conglomerate controlled by Warren Buffet. <mask> was chairman of Wesco Financial Corporation from 1984 to 2011. The Daily Journal Corporation is based in Los Angeles, California, and he is a director. <mask> was born in Omaha, Nebraska. He worked at the store when he was a teenager. <mask> was a lawyer.Thomas Charles <mask> was a U.S. district court judge. He studied mathematics at the University of Michigan. He joined a frat while in college. After his 19th birthday, he dropped out of college to serve in the U.S. Army Air Corps. He was ordered to study meteorology at Caltech after receiving a high score on the Army General Classification Test. A number of advanced courses were taken by Munger through the GI Bill. The dean of admissions at Harvard Law School rejected Munger because he didn't have an undergraduate degree.After receiving a call from a <mask> family friend, the dean relented. <mask> graduated magna cum laude from law school. In 1948. He was a member of the Harvard Legal Aid Bureau. He developed a card playing skill while in college. If you have a big edge, back it heavily because you don't get a big edge often. He moved with his family to California, where he joined the law firm.He founded and worked as a real estate attorney. He gave up practicing law to focus on managing investments and later worked with Otis Booth in real estate development. He and Jack Wheeler formed Wheeler, Munger, and Company, an investment firm with a seat on the Pacific Coast Stock Exchange. He wound up Wheeler, Munger, and Co. in 1976. From 1962 to 1975, <mask> ran an investment partnership of his own. According to the essay "The Superinvestors of Graham-and-Doddsville", published in 1984, <mask>'s investment partnership generated compound annual returns of 19.8% during the 1962–75 period compared to a 5.0% annual appreciation rate for the Dow. The chairman of Wesco Financial Corporation was Munger.It began as a savings and loan association and eventually grew to control a number of ventures. A concentrated equity portfolio of over US$ 1.5 billion was held by Wesco Financial. In the long term, <mask> believes that holding a concentrated number of stocks will give him superior returns. <mask>'s adopted hometown is Pasadena, California. Pasadena was the site of the company's annual shareholders' meeting, which was held on the Wednesday or Thursday after the more famous annual meeting. <mask>'s meetings were legendary in the investment community. <mask> talked to the other Wesco shareholders at length, sometimes speculating about what Benjamin Franklin would do in a given situation.Meeting notes have been posted. There are no updates beyond 2011. The Daily Journal Corporation is chaired by Munger. The Daily Journal annual meeting has become more important since Wesco meetings ended, as investors flock to the meeting to listen to him speak. In multiple speeches, and in the book Poor Charlie's Almanack: The Wit and Wisdom of Charles T. Munger, "worldly wisdom" consists of a set of mental models framed as a latticework to help solve critical business problems. The book Seeking Wisdom: From Darwin to Munger was written by both <mask> and Buffet. "How to think about businesses and investing, how to behave in life, the importance of ethics and honesty, how to approach problems but foremost how to reduce the chance of meeting problems" are some of the key learnings from both <mask> and Buffet.He stated that he was lacking the Munger ability to learn his own best-loved ideas. At the Wesco Financial Corporation annual meeting in 2009, Munger said that good businesses are ethical businesses. A business model that uses tricks is doomed to fail. During an interview and Q&A session at Harvard-Westlake School on January 19, 2010, Munger talked about the philosophy of responsibility and the financial crisis of 2007. The system is responsible in proportion to the degree that the people who make the decisions bear the consequences, according to Munger. You don't create a loan system where all the people who make the loans promptly dump them on somebody else through lies and twaddle, and they don't bear the responsibility when the loans are good or bad. That is an irresponsible system.Munger uses the term "Lollapalooza effect" for multiple biases, tendencies or mental models acting in compound with each other in the same direction. The result is often extreme, due to the confluence of the mental models, biases or tendencies acting together, greatly increasing the likelihood of acting irrationally. During a talk at Harvard in 1995 titled The Psychology of Human Misjudgment, Munger mentioned Tupperware parties and open outcry auctions, which he said turned human brains into mush. You have social proof in the Tupperware party. The hostess gave the party and the tendency is to reciprocate; you say you like certain products during the party so purchasing would be consistent with views you've committed to; other people are buying, which is the social proof. There is social proof of others bidding in the open outcry auction. There is a sense of loss.A person's sense of loss of what he or she believes should be his or hers is the latter. In both macroeconomic and microeconomic scale, these biases occur at either conscious or subconscious level. <mask> is famous for his quote "All I want to know is where I'm going to die, so I'll never go there." Carl Jacobi, the German mathematician who often solved difficult problems by following a simple strategy, inspired this thinking. Many hard problems are best solved when they are addressed backward, according to Munger. Many problems can't be solved. Cryptocurrencies are referred to as "noxious poison" by Munger.Munger believes that individual investments without commission is akin to gambling and that people who know how to take advantage of the gambling instincts of the American public are the reason for its success. If you cater to those gambling chips, when people have money in their pocket for the first time, and you tell them they can make 30 or 40 or 50 trades a day, and you're not charging them any commission, but you're selling their order flow or whatever, I The University of Michigan is a major beneficiary of Munger. The University of Michigan Law School received a $3 million gift from Munger in 2007. The Lawyers Club housing complex will be renovated thanks to a gift of $20 million from Munger in 2011. The Lawyers Club will be renamed in honor of Charles T. Munger. <mask> was an alumni of the school that the Mungers donated to.The couple donated to the Los Angeles YMCA. The University of Michigan received 10 shares of Class A stock from Munger on December 28, 2011. The late Nancy B<mask> was a major benefactor of the university. <mask>, <mask>'s daughter from a previous marriage, was also an alumni of the school. 1972 Nancy and <mask> were members of the board of trustees. In 2004, the Mungers donated 500 shares of their Class A stock to be used to build a graduate student housing complex, which DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatch DropCatchAccording to Munger, he can't sign The Giving Pledge because he has already transferred so much to his children that he has already violated it. Munger has no formal architectural training, but he has contributed heavily to numerous building designs, including dormitories at the University of Michigan as well as his current home. He gave to universities on the condition that they follow his architectural blueprints. In each case, Munger promotes key architectural concepts of his own liking, and cedes professional architectural responsibility to a licensed architect of record. The University of Michigan received a $110 million gift from Munger to build a "state of the art" residence designed to foster a community of scholars, where graduate students from multiple disciplines can live and exchange ideas. The graduate student fellowship is part of the gift. Most of the bedrooms in the residence are designed to be windowless.600 law and graduate students live in the <mask> Graduate Residence, funded and designed by <mask> himself. The <mask> family gave a major gift to fund the restoration of the Bing Wing as well as the construction of a rotunda on the library's second floor, and endowed the <mask> Chair in Nancy and Charles Munger Professorship of Business at the school. <mask> has been a Trustee of the Harvard-Westlake School in Los Angeles for more than 40 years, and previously served as chair of the board of trustees. His sons and stepsons as well as at least one grandson all graduated from the prep school. In 2009, <mask> donated eight shares of Class A stock to Harvard-Westlake. The school received 100 shares of Class A stock from Munger in 2006 for a building campaign. The <mask>s made a gift to build the Munger Science Center, a two-story classroom and laboratory building which opened in 1995 and has been described as a science teacher's dream.The design of the Science Center was influenced by <mask>. <mask> donated $65 million to the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara. In the history of the school, this is the largest gift. The construction of a residence building designed by <mask> for visitors of the Kavli Institute was funded by the donation. In March 2016 <mask> announced a further $200 million gift to UC Santa Barbara, conditioned on the university spending it on an undergraduate dormitory of <mask>'s own unconventional design preferences, notably windowless bedrooms and common areas. In October, 2021, <mask>'s insistence that the university follow his design compelled professional architect, Dennis McFadden, who had served the university for two decades, to resign from the university's Design Review Committee. The windowless dormitory would be unsupportable from my perspective as an architect, a parent, and a human being.The Munger Hall design ignores this evidence and seems to take the position that it doesn't matter. <mask> married Nancy Huggins, daughter of Frederick R. and Edith M. Huggins, while studying at Caltech in 1945. She was <mask>'s sister's roommate at the college. They had three children, <mask>, <mask> and <mask>. Within a couple of years after <mask>'s divorce, he remarried. He married Nancy Barry, daughter of David Noble Barry Jr. Nancy Huggins Freeman, <mask>'s first wife, died of cancer at the age of 76.Nancy Barry <mask> died at the age of 86. <mask> has provided his opinions on a number of political topics, including the policies of the Trump administration. Munger states that he is not a normal Republican and that he thinks we should have single-payer medicine eventually. Munger praised Singapore's single payer system in comparison to the U.S. "insane" system. Munger had his left eye removed after a failed eye surgery that left his left eye blind in his 50s. Munger was told by doctors that he had a condition that could cause his remaining eye to become blind as well. He still has sight in his right eye despite the eye condition.Lowe, Janet (2000) Damn Right! Poor Charlie's Almanack: The Wit and Wisdom of Charles T. <mask> was written by Kaufman and Peter.

25948246

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliette%20Kayyem

Juliette Kayyem

Juliette N. Kayyem (born August 16, 1969) is a former bureaucrat, author and host of the WGBH podcast The SCIF. She serves as a national security analyst for CNN and is a weekly guest on Boston Public Radio. She is the Belfer Lecturer in International Security at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Pacific Council on International Policy. She is a former candidate for Governor of Massachusetts and a former Boston Globe columnist, writing about issues of national security and foreign affairs for the op-ed page. Early life and education Born in Los Angeles to Lebanese parents, Kayyem graduated from Harvard University with her bachelor's degree in 1991 and from Harvard Law School with a Juris Doctor degree in 1995. Legal career Kayyem began her legal career in 1995 at the Department of Justice, ultimately serving as an advisor to then Attorney General Janet Reno until 1999. From 1999-2000, Kayyem served as former House Minority Leader Richard Gephardt's appointee to the National Commission on Terrorism, a Congressionally mandated review of how the government could better prepare for the growing terrorist threat. Chaired by L. Paul Bremer, that Commission's recommendations in the year 2000 urged the nation to recognize and adapt to the growing tide of terrorist activity against the United States. In October 2017, Kayyem became the chief executive officer of Massachusetts-based Zemcar, an on-demand and scheduled ridesharing company focused on children and seniors. Zemcar discontinued its rideshare services in December 2018. In December 2018 it was announced in March 2019 that Kayyem is chief executive officer of Grip Mobility - a technology company focused on providing transparency in the rideshare industry. Academic career As of fall 2011, Kayyem has returned to the Kennedy School as a lecturer in Public Policy. She is a member of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs board of directors, and Faculty Co-Chair, Dubai Initiative. Since 2001, Kayyem has been a resident scholar at the Belfer Center, serving both as Executive Director of the Kennedy School's Executive Session on Domestic Preparedness, a terrorism and homeland security research program, and as co-Director of Harvard's Long-Term Legal Strategy for Combating Terrorism. She also taught courses on law and national security. Government service Department of Homeland Security She was appointed as Massachusetts’ first Undersecretary for Homeland Security by Governor Deval L. Patrick in January 2007, overseeing the National Guard, the commonwealth's strategic security planning, and the distribution of homeland security funds consistent with the Governor's priorities. On March 5, 2009 United States Department of Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano appointed Juliette N. Kayyem Assistant Secretary for Intergovernmental Affairs. As Assistant Secretary, Kayyem was responsible for coordinated and consistent planning between the Department and all of its state, local, tribal, and territorial partners on issues as varied as immigration, intelligence sharing, military affairs, border security, and the response to operational events such as H1N1 influenza outbreak, the December 25th attempted terrorist attack, the Haiti earthquake, and the BP oil spill. In this capacity, she also served as the co-chair of congressionally mandated Preparedness Task Force and a member of President Obama's Task Force on Puerto Rico and the Defense Department's Council of Governors. She also managed the security efforts surrounding major sporting events, including the Chicago Olympic bid, the Vancouver Olympics, the Caribbean Games, and the World Equestrian Games. She was the most senior Arab-American female appointee in the Obama Administration. She left the DHS in the fall of 2010. On May 7, 2015, United States Department of Homeland Security Secretary Jeh Johnson appointed Kayyem to the Homeland Security Advisory Committee. In the immediate aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Kayyem was tasked to direct interagency and intergovernmental affairs for the National Incident Command, overseeing a diverse interagency and interdisciplinary staff for the White House and DHS to address unprecedented issues in the response, including public safety, public engagement, environmental remediation, and legal compliance. For her work, she received the Coast Guard's highest civilian honor. Massachusetts gubernatorial election, 2014 On August 21, 2013, Kayyem announced she was running for Governor of Massachusetts. In February 2014, it was reported by The Boston Globe that Kayyem failed to vote in either 2009 and 2010. At the time she was living temporarily in Washington, D.C., and did not ask for an absentee ballot for Massachusetts or register to vote in the District of Columbia. When asked about her voting record, Kayyem's spokesman initially stated that Kayyem had registered in the District of Columbia during those years. But records later showed that Kayyem was never registered in Washington. When confronted with this evidence, Kayyem's campaign spokesman stated that Kayyem didn't think she could vote in Massachusetts during the time in Washington. At the state party convention on June 14, 2014, Kayyem failed to receive the 15% of delegate votes required to make the primary ballot. Personal life Named one of CNN/Fortune Magazines "People to Watch," Kayyem served as an on-air analyst for NBC, MSNBC News, and CNN. Her bi-weekly Boston Globe column is distributed through the New York Times wire service. She was a finalist for the 2013 Pulitzer Prize for Commentary "for her colorful, well reported columns on an array of issues, from women in combat to oil drilling in Alaska." She served on the advisory board of the Qatari-government financed International Centre for Sport Security. She is married to David J. Barron, a judge on the First Circuit Court of Appeals. They have one daughter and two sons. Controversies NSO Group and Washington Post Controversy Kayyem serves as a senior advisor to NSO Group, an Israeli technology firm known for its Pegasus spying tool. The company has been reported to provide spying software that has been used in targeted attacks against human rights activists and journalists in various countries, and played a role in the murder of Saudi dissident Jamal Khashoggi. On October 21, 2019, Kayyem was hired as an opinion contributor by the Washington Post, where Khashoggi worked as a columnist. Observers pointed out the problematic nature of the hire. The director of Citizen Lab, a laboratory that studies human rights abuses and technology told Forbes at the time: "It is a sad day for human rights, a deeply disturbing irony in the wake of Khashoggi’s execution, and a public relations victory for NSO Group, to have the Washington Post hire someone sitting on their advisory board.” Facing mounting criticism, Kayyem stepped down from her Washington Post role just four days later, without clarifying her role at NSO Group. Comments on Canadian trucker blockade During the blockade of the Ambassador Bridge by truckers in February 2022, Kayyem was accused of promoting vigilantism when she tweeted "The Ambassador Bridge link constitutes 28% of annual trade movement between US and Canada. Slash the tires, empty gas tanks, arrest the drivers, and move the trucks." Addressing the criticism, she denied the accusation, saying, "People have the freedom to protest. Governments have the responsibility to protect public safety. That was what I intended to say." Selected work Books First to Arrive: State and Local Responses to Terrorism (with Robyn L. Pangi). The MIT Press, September, 2003 Protecting Liberty in an Age of Terror (with Philip Benjamin Heymann). The MIT Press, September 2005. Security Mom: An Unclassified Guide to Protecting Your Home and Our Homeland. Simon and Schuster, April 2016. The Devil Never Sleeps: Managing Disasters in an Age of Catastrophe. PublicAffairs, March 2022. ISBN 9781541700093 References External links 1969 births American people of Lebanese descent Harvard Law School alumni Living people Massachusetts Democrats CNN people The Boston Globe people United States Department of Homeland Security officials United States Department of Justice lawyers Writers from Los Angeles

<mask><mask> (born August 16, 1969) is a former bureaucrat, author and host of the WGBH podcast The SCIF. She serves as a national security analyst for CNN and is a weekly guest on Boston Public Radio. She is the Belfer Lecturer in International Security at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Pacific Council on International Policy. She is a former candidate for Governor of Massachusetts and a former Boston Globe columnist, writing about issues of national security and foreign affairs for the op-ed page. Early life and education Born in Los Angeles to Lebanese parents, <mask> graduated from Harvard University with her bachelor's degree in 1991 and from Harvard Law School with a Juris Doctor degree in 1995. Legal career <mask> began her legal career in 1995 at the Department of Justice, ultimately serving as an advisor to then Attorney General Janet Reno until 1999. From 1999-2000, Kayyem served as former House Minority Leader Richard Gephardt's appointee to the National Commission on Terrorism, a Congressionally mandated review of how the government could better prepare for the growing terrorist threat.Chaired by L. Paul Bremer, that Commission's recommendations in the year 2000 urged the nation to recognize and adapt to the growing tide of terrorist activity against the United States. In October 2017, <mask> became the chief executive officer of Massachusetts-based Zemcar, an on-demand and scheduled ridesharing company focused on children and seniors. Zemcar discontinued its rideshare services in December 2018. In December 2018 it was announced in March 2019 that <mask> is chief executive officer of Grip Mobility - a technology company focused on providing transparency in the rideshare industry. Academic career As of fall 2011, <mask> has returned to the Kennedy School as a lecturer in Public Policy. She is a member of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs board of directors, and Faculty Co-Chair, Dubai Initiative. Since 2001, <mask> has been a resident scholar at the Belfer Center, serving both as Executive Director of the Kennedy School's Executive Session on Domestic Preparedness, a terrorism and homeland security research program, and as co-Director of Harvard's Long-Term Legal Strategy for Combating Terrorism.She also taught courses on law and national security. Government service Department of Homeland Security She was appointed as Massachusetts’ first Undersecretary for Homeland Security by Governor Deval L. Patrick in January 2007, overseeing the National Guard, the commonwealth's strategic security planning, and the distribution of homeland security funds consistent with the Governor's priorities. On March 5, 2009 United States Department of Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano appointed <mask>. Kayyem Assistant Secretary for Intergovernmental Affairs. As Assistant Secretary, Kayyem was responsible for coordinated and consistent planning between the Department and all of its state, local, tribal, and territorial partners on issues as varied as immigration, intelligence sharing, military affairs, border security, and the response to operational events such as H1N1 influenza outbreak, the December 25th attempted terrorist attack, the Haiti earthquake, and the BP oil spill. In this capacity, she also served as the co-chair of congressionally mandated Preparedness Task Force and a member of President Obama's Task Force on Puerto Rico and the Defense Department's Council of Governors. She also managed the security efforts surrounding major sporting events, including the Chicago Olympic bid, the Vancouver Olympics, the Caribbean Games, and the World Equestrian Games. She was the most senior Arab-American female appointee in the Obama Administration.She left the DHS in the fall of 2010. On May 7, 2015, United States Department of Homeland Security Secretary Jeh Johnson appointed <mask> to the Homeland Security Advisory Committee. In the immediate aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Kayyem was tasked to direct interagency and intergovernmental affairs for the National Incident Command, overseeing a diverse interagency and interdisciplinary staff for the White House and DHS to address unprecedented issues in the response, including public safety, public engagement, environmental remediation, and legal compliance. For her work, she received the Coast Guard's highest civilian honor. Massachusetts gubernatorial election, 2014 On August 21, 2013, <mask> announced she was running for Governor of Massachusetts. In February 2014, it was reported by The Boston Globe that Kayyem failed to vote in either 2009 and 2010. At the time she was living temporarily in Washington, D.C., and did not ask for an absentee ballot for Massachusetts or register to vote in the District of Columbia.When asked about her voting record, <mask>'s spokesman initially stated that Kayyem had registered in the District of Columbia during those years. But records later showed that Kayyem was never registered in Washington. When confronted with this evidence, <mask>'s campaign spokesman stated that Kayyem didn't think she could vote in Massachusetts during the time in Washington. At the state party convention on June 14, 2014, Kayyem failed to receive the 15% of delegate votes required to make the primary ballot. Personal life Named one of CNN/Fortune Magazines "People to Watch," Kayyem served as an on-air analyst for NBC, MSNBC News, and CNN. Her bi-weekly Boston Globe column is distributed through the New York Times wire service. She was a finalist for the 2013 Pulitzer Prize for Commentary "for her colorful, well reported columns on an array of issues, from women in combat to oil drilling in Alaska."She served on the advisory board of the Qatari-government financed International Centre for Sport Security. She is married to David J. Barron, a judge on the First Circuit Court of Appeals. They have one daughter and two sons. Controversies NSO Group and Washington Post Controversy Kayyem serves as a senior advisor to NSO Group, an Israeli technology firm known for its Pegasus spying tool. The company has been reported to provide spying software that has been used in targeted attacks against human rights activists and journalists in various countries, and played a role in the murder of Saudi dissident Jamal Khashoggi. On October 21, 2019, Kayyem was hired as an opinion contributor by the Washington Post, where Khashoggi worked as a columnist. Observers pointed out the problematic nature of the hire.The director of Citizen Lab, a laboratory that studies human rights abuses and technology told Forbes at the time: "It is a sad day for human rights, a deeply disturbing irony in the wake of Khashoggi’s execution, and a public relations victory for NSO Group, to have the Washington Post hire someone sitting on their advisory board.” Facing mounting criticism, <mask> stepped down from her Washington Post role just four days later, without clarifying her role at NSO Group. Comments on Canadian trucker blockade During the blockade of the Ambassador Bridge by truckers in February 2022, <mask> was accused of promoting vigilantism when she tweeted "The Ambassador Bridge link constitutes 28% of annual trade movement between US and Canada. Slash the tires, empty gas tanks, arrest the drivers, and move the trucks." Addressing the criticism, she denied the accusation, saying, "People have the freedom to protest. Governments have the responsibility to protect public safety. That was what I intended to say." Selected work Books First to Arrive: State and Local Responses to Terrorism (with Robyn L. Pangi).The MIT Press, September, 2003 Protecting Liberty in an Age of Terror (with Philip Benjamin Heymann). The MIT Press, September 2005. Security Mom: An Unclassified Guide to Protecting Your Home and Our Homeland. Simon and Schuster, April 2016. The Devil Never Sleeps: Managing Disasters in an Age of Catastrophe. PublicAffairs, March 2022. ISBN 9781541700093 References External links 1969 births American people of Lebanese descent Harvard Law School alumni Living people Massachusetts Democrats CNN people The Boston Globe people United States Department of Homeland Security officials United States Department of Justice lawyers Writers from Los Angeles

<mask><mask> was born on August 16, 1969 and is a former bureaucrat. She is a weekly guest on Boston Public Radio and serves as a national security analyst for CNN. She is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Pacific Council on International Policy. She is a former candidate for Governor of Massachusetts and a former columnist for the Boston Globe. <mask> graduated from Harvard University with a bachelor's degree in 1991 and from Harvard Law School with a Juris Doctor degree in 1995. Kayyem began her legal career at the Department of Justice in 1995 and served as an advisor to Attorney General Janet Reno until 1999. <mask> was appointed to the National Commission on Terrorism by former House Minority Leader Richard Gephardt.The Commission's recommendations in the year 2000 urged the nation to recognize and adapt to the growing tide of terrorist activity against the United States. <mask> became the chief executive officer of Zemcar in October of last year. Zemcar ended its services in December of last year. In December of last year, it was announced that <mask> was the chief executive officer of Grip Mobility, a technology company focused on providing transparency in the rideshare industry. <mask> is a lecturer in Public Policy at the Kennedy School. She is a member of the board of directors of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. Since 2001, <mask> has been a resident scholar at the Belfer Center, serving both as Executive Director of the Kennedy School's Executive Session on Domestic Preparedness, a terrorism and homeland security research program, and as co-Director of Harvard's Long-Term Legal Strategy for CombatingShe taught courses about law and national security. She was the first Undersecretary for Homeland Security in Massachusetts and oversaw the National Guard, strategic security planning, and the distribution of homeland security funds consistent with the Governor's priorities. The United States Department of Homeland Security named an assistant secretary. As Assistant Secretary, <mask> was responsible for coordinating and consistent planning between the Department and all of its state, local, tribal, and territorial partners on issues as varied as immigration, intelligence sharing, military affairs, border security, and the response to operational events such as H1N1 She was a member of the Defense Department's Council of Governors and a member of the President's Task Force on Puerto Rico. She was in charge of security for major sporting events, including the Chicago Olympic bid, the Caribbean Games, and the World Equestrian Games. She was the most senior female in the administration.She left the DHS in the fall of 2010. <mask> was appointed to the Homeland Security Advisory Committee. In the immediate aftermath of the oil spill, <mask> was tasked to direct intergovernmental affairs for the National Incident Command, overseeing a diverse staff for the White House and DHS to address unprecedented issues in the response, including public safety, public engagement, environmental. She received the highest civilian honor from the Coast Guard. <mask> was running for Governor of Massachusetts. The Boston Globe reported in February that Kayyem failed to vote in 2009. She did not request an Absentee ballot for Massachusetts or register to vote in the District of Columbia when she was living in Washington, D.C.When asked about her voting record, <mask>'s spokesman initially stated that she had registered in the District of Columbia. Kayyem was never registered in Washington. <mask>'s campaign spokesman stated that Kayyem didn't think she could vote in Massachusetts during the time in Washington. Kayyem failed to get the 15% of delegate votes needed to make the primary ballot at the state party convention. Kayyem served as an on-air analyst for NBC, MSNBC News, and CNN. The New York Times wire service distributes her Boston Globe column. She was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for commentary "for her colorful, well reported columns on an array of issues, from women in combat to oil drilling in Alaska."She was on the advisory board of the International Centre for Sport Security. She is married to a judge. They have three children. <mask> is a senior advisor to NSO Group, an Israeli technology firm known for its spy tool. The company has been reported to provide software that has been used in targeted attacks against human rights activists and journalists in various countries. <mask> was hired by the Washington Post as an opinion contributor. The problematic nature of the hire was pointed out by observers.The director of Citizen Lab, a laboratory that studies human rights abuses and technology told Forbes at the time: "It is a sad day for human rights, a deeply disturbing irony in the wake of Khashoggi's execution, and a public relations victory for NSO Group, to have the Washington During the blockade of the Ambassador Bridge by Canadian truck drivers in February 2022, <mask> was accused of promoting vigilantism. Arrest the drivers, Slash the tires, empty gas tanks, and move the trucks. She denied the accusation, saying that people have the freedom to protest. Governments are responsible for protecting public safety. I intended to say that. Books First to Arrive: State and Local Responses to Terrorism has been selected.In September of 2003 the MIT Press published Protecting Liberty in an Age of Terror with Philip Benjamin Heymann. The MIT Press was published in September 2005. Security Mom is an unclassified guide to protecting your home. April 2016 Simon and Schuster. Disasters are managed in an age of catastrophe. March 2022. External links 1969 births American people of Lebanese descent Harvard Law School alumni Living people Massachusetts Democrats CNN people

1211862

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20D.%20Taussig

Edward D. Taussig

Edward David Taussig (November 20, 1847 January 29, 1921) was a decorated Rear Admiral in the United States Navy. He is best remembered for being the officer to claim Wake Island after the Spanish–American War, as well as accepting the physical relinquishment of Guam by its indigenous governor following the Treaty of Paris in which Spain ceded Guam to the United States following nearly 300 years of colonial rule. Taussig briefly served as Governor of Guam. He was the first of a four-generational family of United States Naval Academy graduates including his son, Vice Admiral Joseph K. Taussig (1877–1947), grandson Captain Joseph K. Taussig Jr. (1920–1999), and great-grandson, Captain Joseph K. Taussig USMC (1945–). Early sea service Taussig was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the son of a wool broker, Charles and his wife, Anna (Abeles), who had emigrated from Austria in 1840. His family was Jewish, but he was brought up in the Unitarian Church. He was appointed to the U.S. Naval Academy during the Civil War and entered on July 23, 1863. His education over the next four years included service on the . Graduating in June 1867 he served on the steam frigate from July to December 1867 and thereafter variously on the , , and from January 1868 to April 1870. He was commissioned an ensign on 18 December 1868. His early sea service was perhaps most remarkable for his time as a passed midshipman on the gunboat when a tsunami washed her far inland at Arica (then part of Peru), on 13 August 1868. He was decorated for his actions during this event. 1870s–1890s service Promoted to master on 21 March 1870 and to lieutenant on 1 January 1872, during the 1870s and 1880s, Taussig was stationed at a number of shore stations and ships: , Pacific Squadron (October 1870 September 1873); Newport Torpedo Station, (June–October 1874); Hydrographic Office, Washington, D.C. (October December 1874); Panama Survey Expedition (January- April 1875); special duty, Bureau of Navigation, Washington, D.C. (May–October 1875); commander, receiving ship , Washington, D.C. (September 1875); Temporary duty assignment Washington Navy Yard (October 1875 April 1876); , Baltimore and Norfolk Navy Yard (April September 1876); training ship (September 1876 February 1877); , flagship of the European Squadron, and , special service European Station (February 1877 January 1880); U.S. Naval Academy (June 1880 April 1883); coast survey duty, commanding the survey steamers McArthur and Hassler (May 1883 August 1886); training ship (September 1886 December 1887); and Bureau of Navigation, Washington, D.C. (December 1887 December 1890). During special duty, Navy Department, Washington, D.C. (December 1890 April 1894) Taussig was involved in managing the navy's exhibit at the Columbian Exposition, including the full-size mock-up battleship Illinois, where he was executive officer, following his promotion to lieutenant commander on 19 June 1892. Thereafter, his assignments were executive officer, , North Atlantic Squadron (April 1894 September 1895); executive officer, receiving ship , Philadelphia Navy Yard (October 1895 February 1896); executive officer, , Pacific Squadron (February September 1896); Hydrographic Office, Washington, D.C. (September December 1896); hydrographic inspector, U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington, D.C. (December 1896 August 1897); coast survey steamer Blake (August 1897 May 1898); and Norfolk Navy Yard (June July 1898). Wake Island, Guam and the Philippine–American War Promoted to the rank of commander on 10 August 1898, his first command was the gunboat , which departed San Francisco on 18 September bound for Hawaii, Guam and duty with the Asiatic Squadron, in the aftermath of the 12 August 1898 Spanish–American War armistice. arrived in Hawaii on 27 September 1898 and spent the next three months operating in local waters and conducting surveys, including Pearl Harbor. In December of that year, Taussig was given orders to proceed to Wake Island and claim it for the United States. After ten days passage from Honolulu, he arrived to formally claim the island on 17 January 1899. At one p.m. a flagstaff was placed, and with sailors in dress whites forming two ranks, Taussig called all to witness that the island was not in the possession of any other nation and declared it in possession of the United States. Taussig ordered the American flag raised by Ensign Wettengell and gave a 21-gun salute when the flag reached the truck. At the time President William McKinley ordering that Wake Island be claimed as a U.S. possession was seen as questionable; however, no other nation had claimed the island and there was no native population. Wake Island was primarily taken for its strategic value as a cable station, midway between Hawaii and the Philippines. Departing from Wake Island at 5:35 p.m. on 17 January 1899, arrived at Guam on 23 January 1899. The island previously had been captured on 21 June 1898 by Captain Henry Glass of the who had left Francisco Portusach Martínez, an American civilian, in charge of the territory. Captain Glass is reported to have told Martínez, the only American on Guam, to "take care of the island until some other officers or man-of-war might reach Guam." Although this has never been confirmed by the U.S. Navy, it was widely believed to be true. Martínez had been deposed in favor of non-American leadership under José Sisto and then Venancio Roberto, each laying competing claims to governance. Venancio Roberto's claim was rebuked in favor of Sisto by Lieutenant Commander Vincendon L. Cottman, commander of the U.S. Navy collier that had arrived at Guam on New Year's Day 1899 en route back to the U.S from the Spanish–American War. However Sisto's authority was short-lived. On February 1, Sisto officially relinquished control of the governmental and administrative affairs of Guam to Taussig and Cottman. The American flag was raised over the Governor's Palace in a ceremony that ended with a 21-gun salute from the , formally ending nearly 300 years of Guam being part of the Spanish colonial empire. In his short time on Guam, Commander Taussig set up a local council system of temporary government which lasted until the arrival of Lieutenant Louis A. Kaiser in July 1899 under orders to conduct navy surveillance of affairs of Guam. Taussig also supervised the establishment of signal stations and a port survey. On April 15, 1899, Admiral George Dewey cabled the Navy Department in Washington, " arrived six days from Guam. Quiet and order there. Most friendly to Americans. Native Government established by Taussig working well. Native soldiers fine body of men. (United States Naval Transport) in Guam." Departing Guam in mid-February 1899, Commander Taussig and continued on to Manila, where the ship arrived on 22 February 1899 with the mission of supporting the Army's campaigns during the Philippine–American War primarily with patrol and escort duty. In August 1899, Taussig was summarily relieved of command of the and ordered home by Rear Admiral John C. Watson, commander of the Asiatic Station, following Taussig's dissent from the latter's views concerning campaign plans that were voiced at a staff conference in Manila. According to press reports, Watson resented Taussig's verbal opposition, and a heated argument between the two ensued. Following his return to San Francisco on the hospital ship, , Commander Taussig requested an investigation. He was assigned to duty with the United States Lighthouse Board as 13th District Inspector in Portland, Oregon from October 1899 to April 1900. However, Commander Taussig did not have to wait long for vindication, when in March 1900, public accounts surfaced of Watson's friction with officers under his command and with the Bureau of Navigation over Watson's choice of Commander C. C. Cornwall as his executive officer, which the Bureau disapproved. Due to health reasons, Watson was himself privately relieved of command months before the public announcement in March 1900 that he was to be relieved by Rear Admiral George C. Remey. Watson returned home on his flagship in April 1900, the same month that Commander Taussig's duty as lighthouse inspector ended. The China Relief Expedition (Boxer Rebellion) In the spring of 1900, Chinese xenophobia, including disdain for the presence of Christian missionaries, fueled by decades of Western economic exploitation, culminated in the Boxer Rebellion. The Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists, whose members were referred to in the West as "Boxers", besieged the foreign legations at Peking and at Tientsin. An international relief force was hastily assembled and sent to relieve the siege. As part of the United States Navy's force assigned to the campaign, the gunboat , sister-ship of the , was withdrawn from her patrol duties in the northern Philippines to provide assistance to operations off the North China coast. departed Manila on 3 April 1900, upon reaching the mainland, her landing force served ashore at Taku Forts. In June, Taussig assumed command of and assisted to back off a reef near Taku. In August, with stationed off Chefoo, China, Taussig cabled dispatches of the decisive Battle of Beicang from which the Chinese military never recovered. The gunboat departed Shanghai on 10 September, reaching Cavite on the 17th. In the Philippines, resumed her prior cooperation with Army forces, engaged in pacification efforts for the next two years. Commander Taussig was detached from in June 1901 and was ordered home to await orders (June October 1901). Later years Thereafter, Taussig's assignments were to the Washington Navy Yard (November 1901 January 1902); ordnance office, Boston Navy Yard (January May 1902); and commander, training ship, (May–October 1902). Promoted to captain on 7 November 1902, he served as yard captain, Pensacola Navy Yard (January October 1903); commander, receiving ship , Mare Island, California (October 1903 October 1904); and commander, , North Atlantic Squadron (November 1904 January 1906). On July 24, 1905, along with Rear Admirals Charles D. Sigsbee, James H. Sands, Charles H. Davis Jr., Captains Benjamin F. Tilley, William H. Reeder, and Gervais of the French naval cruiser, Jurien de la Graviere, Taussig had the honor of being an honorary pall bearer when Admiral John Paul Jones body was returned from France on the to be interred at the U.S. Naval Academy. Following his command of Massachusetts, he was commander, of the training ship (January December 1906); yard captain, New York Navy Yard (March May 1907); general court martial duty, League Island Navy Yard (Pennsylvania) (May December 1907); commandant, Norfolk Navy Yard and Fifth Naval District (December 1907 November 1909). While at Norfolk he was promoted to rear admiral on 15 May 1908. Rear Admiral Taussig was placed on the U.S. Navy retired list on 20 November 1909. In 1909 he became a companion of the District of Columbia Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States—a military society consisting of officers who had served in the Union armed forces during the American Civil War. World War I During World War I, Taussig was recalled to active duty as commandant of the Naval Unit at Columbia University (September December 1918). Dates of rank United States Naval Academy Midshipman Class of 1867 Service Medals United States awards The original service criteria for the Spanish Campaign Medal promulgated in Navy Department Special Order No. 81 of June 27, 1908 required service on specific vessels and time periods for which Taussig's service during the Spanish–American War did not qualify. However, in the early 1920s, the award criteria were relaxed to provide for award of the medal to all those who served in the U.S. Navy or Marine Corps during the Spanish–American War. The first government contract to supply campaign medals to the expanded recipient base with the Bastian Brothers Company was not until 1922. Rear Admiral Taussig died in January 1921 prior to the expanded eligibility period for the Spanish Campaign and so never received the Spanish Campaign Medal. Personal life Edward D. Taussig married Ellen Knefler on 9 November 1873. They had five sons, including vice admiral Joseph K. Taussig and Charles, who was a prominent New York attorney. A third son, Paul, died of appendicitis in July 1894, while a midshipman at the U.S. Naval Academy. Edward D. Taussig died at Newport, Rhode Island, on 29 January 1921 and is buried at the United States Naval Academy Cemetery along with his wife and son, Paul. Namesake The Allen M. Sumner class destroyer (DD-746), commissioned from 1944 to 1974, was named for him. Admiral Taussig Boulevard at Naval Station Norfolk in Norfolk, Virginia, is named for him.https://pilotonline.com/news/local/history/article_bc00d5b4-6eb1-5c94-9a6f-a46155a1d245.html References "Naval Orders; Disposition of the Commander and Officers of the Atlanta". The Washington Post. Sep 17, 1895. pg. 7, 1 pgs "Department Notes". The Washington Post. Dec 12, 1896. pg. 7, 1 pgs "Capt. Rob Evans's Message". From The Baltimore Sun. New York Times. Aug 1, 1898. pg. 4, 1 pgs "Now Naval Commanders". The Washington Post. Aug 3, 1898. pg. 7, 1 pgs "To Take Wake Island". The Washington Post. Dec 24, 1898. pg. 1, 1 pgs "Takes Guam Island". Los Angeles Times. Dec 24, 1898. pg. 3, 1 pgs "Wake Island Occupation". New York Times. Mar 22, 1899. pg. 5, 1 pgs "The Government of Guam- Admiral Dewey Cables that the American Regime Starts Off Well- Garrison of Native Soldiers" New York Times. April 16, 1899 "Funston's Men Sail Soon". Chicago Daily Tribune. Sep 2, 1899. pg. 3, 1 pgs "Action in Taussig's Case". New York Times. Oct 24, 1899. pg. 7, 1 pgs "Commander Taussig Ordered to Manila". New York Times. Mar 25, 1900. pg. 9, 1 pgs "The United Service". New York Times. Dec 31, 1901. pg. 3, 1 pgs "The United Service". New York Times. Oct 23, 1902. pg. 13, 1 pgs "The Cruiser Controversy". The Washington Post. Oct 23, 1902. pg. 4, 1 pgs "The United Service". New York Times. Jan 6, 1903. pg. 10, 1 pgs "The United Service". New York Times. Aug 8, 1903. pg. 10, 1 pgs "Changes in Command". The Washington Post. Oct 13, 1904. pg. 11, 1 pgs "Jones' Body Entombed at the Naval Academy- Impressive Ceremony Attends the Transfer from Brooklyn- French Jackies in Line". New York Times. July 25, 1905, 1 pg. "Navy Orders". The Washington Post. Jan 7, 1906. pg. 5, 1 pgs "Gets Leave to Visit Home". The Washington Post. Dec 11, 1907. pg. 9, 1 pgs "Globe Girdled, 16 Battleships Come Home Today". The Atlanta Constitution. Feb 22, 1909. pg. 1, 2 pgs "Rites for Admiral Taussig". The Washington Post. Feb 2, 1921. pg. 3, 1 pg Jillette Leon-Guerrero, Massachusetts, "Guam Leaders from 1899–1904", © 2009 Guampedia™ Cogar, William B., "Dictionary of Admirals of the U.S. Navy", vol. 2, 1901–1918, pp. 274–275 Boston Evening Transcript, October 7, 1899, p. 5 Hawaiian Gazette, March 16, 1900, p. 7 New York Times, September 12, 1900 Brooklyn Daily Eagle, August 6, 1900 External links Register of the Edward D. Taussig Papers, USN War College, Naval Historical Collection, Newport, Rhode Island USN Service Medal Index, Naval History and Heritage Command 1847 births 1921 deaths United States Naval Academy alumni United States Navy admirals Governors of Guam Wake Island American people of Austrian descent Jewish American military personnel American military personnel of the Spanish–American War United States Navy personnel of World War I Burials at the United States Naval Academy Cemetery Guamanian Jews

<mask> (November 20, 1847 January 29, 1921) was a decorated Rear Admiral in the United States Navy. He is best remembered for being the officer to claim Wake Island after the Spanish–American War, as well as accepting the physical relinquishment of Guam by its indigenous governor following the Treaty of Paris in which Spain ceded Guam to the United States following nearly 300 years of colonial rule. Taussig briefly served as Governor of Guam. He was the first of a four-generational family of United States Naval Academy graduates including his son, Vice Admiral Joseph K<mask> (1877–1947), grandson Captain Joseph K<mask>. (1920–1999), and great-grandson, Captain Joseph K<mask> USMC (1945–). Early sea service Taussig was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the son of a wool broker, Charles and his wife, Anna (Abeles), who had emigrated from Austria in 1840. His family was Jewish, but he was brought up in the Unitarian Church. He was appointed to the U.S.Naval Academy during the Civil War and entered on July 23, 1863. His education over the next four years included service on the . Graduating in June 1867 he served on the steam frigate from July to December 1867 and thereafter variously on the , , and from January 1868 to April 1870. He was commissioned an ensign on 18 December 1868. His early sea service was perhaps most remarkable for his time as a passed midshipman on the gunboat when a tsunami washed her far inland at Arica (then part of Peru), on 13 August 1868. He was decorated for his actions during this event. 1870s–1890s service Promoted to master on 21 March 1870 and to lieutenant on 1 January 1872, during the 1870s and 1880s, Taussig was stationed at a number of shore stations and ships: , Pacific Squadron (October 1870 September 1873); Newport Torpedo Station, (June–October 1874); Hydrographic Office, Washington, D.C. (October December 1874); Panama Survey Expedition (January- April 1875); special duty, Bureau of Navigation, Washington, D.C. (May–October 1875); commander, receiving ship , Washington, D.C. (September 1875); Temporary duty assignment Washington Navy Yard (October 1875 April 1876); , Baltimore and Norfolk Navy Yard (April September 1876); training ship (September 1876 February 1877); , flagship of the European Squadron, and , special service European Station (February 1877 January 1880); U.S.Naval Academy (June 1880 April 1883); coast survey duty, commanding the survey steamers McArthur and Hassler (May 1883 August 1886); training ship (September 1886 December 1887); and Bureau of Navigation, Washington, D.C. (December 1887 December 1890). During special duty, Navy Department, Washington, D.C. (December 1890 April 1894) Taussig was involved in managing the navy's exhibit at the Columbian Exposition, including the full-size mock-up battleship Illinois, where he was executive officer, following his promotion to lieutenant commander on 19 June 1892. Thereafter, his assignments were executive officer, , North Atlantic Squadron (April 1894 September 1895); executive officer, receiving ship , Philadelphia Navy Yard (October 1895 February 1896); executive officer, , Pacific Squadron (February September 1896); Hydrographic Office, Washington, D.C. (September December 1896); hydrographic inspector, U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington, D.C. (December 1896 August 1897); coast survey steamer Blake (August 1897 May 1898); and Norfolk Navy Yard (June July 1898). Wake Island, Guam and the Philippine–American War Promoted to the rank of commander on 10 August 1898, his first command was the gunboat , which departed San Francisco on 18 September bound for Hawaii, Guam and duty with the Asiatic Squadron, in the aftermath of the 12 August 1898 Spanish–American War armistice. arrived in Hawaii on 27 September 1898 and spent the next three months operating in local waters and conducting surveys, including Pearl Harbor. In December of that year, Taussig was given orders to proceed to Wake Island and claim it for the United States. After ten days passage from Honolulu, he arrived to formally claim the island on 17 January 1899.At one p.m. a flagstaff was placed, and with sailors in dress whites forming two ranks, Taussig called all to witness that the island was not in the possession of any other nation and declared it in possession of the United States. Taussig ordered the American flag raised by Ensign Wettengell and gave a 21-gun salute when the flag reached the truck. At the time President William McKinley ordering that Wake Island be claimed as a U.S. possession was seen as questionable; however, no other nation had claimed the island and there was no native population. Wake Island was primarily taken for its strategic value as a cable station, midway between Hawaii and the Philippines. Departing from Wake Island at 5:35 p.m. on 17 January 1899, arrived at Guam on 23 January 1899. The island previously had been captured on 21 June 1898 by Captain Henry Glass of the who had left Francisco Portusach Martínez, an American civilian, in charge of the territory. Captain Glass is reported to have told Martínez, the only American on Guam, to "take care of the island until some other officers or man-of-war might reach Guam."Although this has never been confirmed by the U.S. Navy, it was widely believed to be true. Martínez had been deposed in favor of non-American leadership under José Sisto and then Venancio Roberto, each laying competing claims to governance. Venancio Roberto's claim was rebuked in favor of Sisto by Lieutenant Commander Vincendon L. Cottman, commander of the U.S. Navy collier that had arrived at Guam on New Year's Day 1899 en route back to the U.S from the Spanish–American War. However Sisto's authority was short-lived. On February 1, Sisto officially relinquished control of the governmental and administrative affairs of Guam to Taussig and Cottman. The American flag was raised over the Governor's Palace in a ceremony that ended with a 21-gun salute from the , formally ending nearly 300 years of Guam being part of the Spanish colonial empire. In his short time on Guam, Commander Taussig set up a local council system of temporary government which lasted until the arrival of Lieutenant Louis A. Kaiser in July 1899 under orders to conduct navy surveillance of affairs of Guam.Taussig also supervised the establishment of signal stations and a port survey. On April 15, 1899, Admiral <mask> cabled the Navy Department in Washington, " arrived six days from Guam. Quiet and order there. Most friendly to Americans. Native Government established by Taussig working well. Native soldiers fine body of men. (United States Naval Transport) in Guam."Departing Guam in mid-February 1899, Commander Taussig and continued on to Manila, where the ship arrived on 22 February 1899 with the mission of supporting the Army's campaigns during the Philippine–American War primarily with patrol and escort duty. In August 1899, Taussig was summarily relieved of command of the and ordered home by Rear Admiral John C. Watson, commander of the Asiatic Station, following Taussig's dissent from the latter's views concerning campaign plans that were voiced at a staff conference in Manila. According to press reports, Watson resented Taussig's verbal opposition, and a heated argument between the two ensued. Following his return to San Francisco on the hospital ship, , Commander Taussig requested an investigation. He was assigned to duty with the United States Lighthouse Board as 13th District Inspector in Portland, Oregon from October 1899 to April 1900. However, Commander Taussig did not have to wait long for vindication, when in March 1900, public accounts surfaced of Watson's friction with officers under his command and with the Bureau of Navigation over Watson's choice of Commander C. C. Cornwall as his executive officer, which the Bureau disapproved. Due to health reasons, Watson was himself privately relieved of command months before the public announcement in March 1900 that he was to be relieved by Rear Admiral George C. Remey.Watson returned home on his flagship in April 1900, the same month that Commander Taussig's duty as lighthouse inspector ended. The China Relief Expedition (Boxer Rebellion) In the spring of 1900, Chinese xenophobia, including disdain for the presence of Christian missionaries, fueled by decades of Western economic exploitation, culminated in the Boxer Rebellion. The Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists, whose members were referred to in the West as "Boxers", besieged the foreign legations at Peking and at Tientsin. An international relief force was hastily assembled and sent to relieve the siege. As part of the United States Navy's force assigned to the campaign, the gunboat , sister-ship of the , was withdrawn from her patrol duties in the northern Philippines to provide assistance to operations off the North China coast. departed Manila on 3 April 1900, upon reaching the mainland, her landing force served ashore at Taku Forts. In June, Taussig assumed command of and assisted to back off a reef near Taku.In August, with stationed off Chefoo, China, Taussig cabled dispatches of the decisive Battle of Beicang from which the Chinese military never recovered. The gunboat departed Shanghai on 10 September, reaching Cavite on the 17th. In the Philippines, resumed her prior cooperation with Army forces, engaged in pacification efforts for the next two years. Commander Taussig was detached from in June 1901 and was ordered home to await orders (June October 1901). Later years Thereafter, Taussig's assignments were to the Washington Navy Yard (November 1901 January 1902); ordnance office, Boston Navy Yard (January May 1902); and commander, training ship, (May–October 1902). Promoted to captain on 7 November 1902, he served as yard captain, Pensacola Navy Yard (January October 1903); commander, receiving ship , Mare Island, California (October 1903 October 1904); and commander, , North Atlantic Squadron (November 1904 January 1906). On July 24, 1905, along with Rear Admirals Charles D. Sigsbee, James H. Sands, Charles H<mask> Jr., Captains Benjamin F. Tilley, William H. Reeder, and Gervais of the French naval cruiser, Jurien de la Graviere, Taussig had the honor of being an honorary pall bearer when Admiral John Paul Jones body was returned from France on the to be interred at the U.S.Naval Academy. Following his command of Massachusetts, he was commander, of the training ship (January December 1906); yard captain, New York Navy Yard (March May 1907); general court martial duty, League Island Navy Yard (Pennsylvania) (May December 1907); commandant, Norfolk Navy Yard and Fifth Naval District (December 1907 November 1909). While at Norfolk he was promoted to rear admiral on 15 May 1908. Rear Admiral Taussig was placed on the U.S. Navy retired list on 20 November 1909. In 1909 he became a companion of the District of Columbia Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States—a military society consisting of officers who had served in the Union armed forces during the American Civil War. World War I During World War I, Taussig was recalled to active duty as commandant of the Naval Unit at Columbia University (September December 1918). Dates of rank United States Naval Academy Midshipman Class of 1867 Service Medals United States awards The original service criteria for the Spanish Campaign Medal promulgated in Navy Department Special Order No.81 of June 27, 1908 required service on specific vessels and time periods for which Taussig's service during the Spanish–American War did not qualify. However, in the early 1920s, the award criteria were relaxed to provide for award of the medal to all those who served in the U.S. Navy or Marine Corps during the Spanish–American War. The first government contract to supply campaign medals to the expanded recipient base with the Bastian Brothers Company was not until 1922. Rear Admiral Taussig died in January 1921 prior to the expanded eligibility period for the Spanish Campaign and so never received the Spanish Campaign Medal. Personal life <mask><mask> married Ellen Knefler on 9 November 1873. They had five sons, including vice admiral Joseph K<mask> and Charles, who was a prominent New York attorney. A third son, Paul, died of appendicitis in July 1894, while a midshipman at the U.S.Naval Academy. <mask><mask> died at Newport, Rhode Island, on 29 January 1921 and is buried at the United States Naval Academy Cemetery along with his wife and son, Paul. Namesake The Allen M. Sumner class destroyer (DD-746), commissioned from 1944 to 1974, was named for him. <mask> Boulevard at Naval Station Norfolk in Norfolk, Virginia, is named for him.https://pilotonline.com/news/local/history/article_bc00d5b4-6eb1-5c94-9a6f-a46155a1d245.html References "Naval Orders; Disposition of the Commander and Officers of the Atlanta". The Washington Post. Sep 17, 1895. pg. 7, 1 pgs "Department Notes".The Washington Post. Dec 12, 1896. pg. 7, 1 pgs "Capt. Rob Evans's Message". From The Baltimore Sun. New York Times. Aug 1, 1898. pg.4, 1 pgs "Now Naval Commanders". The Washington Post. Aug 3, 1898. pg. 7, 1 pgs "To Take Wake Island". The Washington Post. Dec 24, 1898. pg. 1, 1 pgs "Takes Guam Island".Los Angeles Times. Dec 24, 1898. pg. 3, 1 pgs "Wake Island Occupation". New York Times. Mar 22, 1899. pg. 5, 1 pgs "The Government of Guam- Admiral <mask>s that the American Regime Starts Off Well- Garrison of Native Soldiers" New York Times. April 16, 1899 "Funston's Men Sail Soon".Chicago Daily Tribune. Sep 2, 1899. pg. 3, 1 pgs "Action in Taussig's Case". New York Times. Oct 24, 1899. pg. 7, 1 pgs "Commander Taussig Ordered to Manila". New York Times.Mar 25, 1900. pg. 9, 1 pgs "The United Service". New York Times. Dec 31, 1901. pg. 3, 1 pgs "The United Service". New York Times. Oct 23, 1902. pg.13, 1 pgs "The Cruiser Controversy". The Washington Post. Oct 23, 1902. pg. 4, 1 pgs "The United Service". New York Times. Jan 6, 1903. pg. 10, 1 pgs "The United Service".New York Times. Aug 8, 1903. pg. 10, 1 pgs "Changes in Command". The Washington Post. Oct 13, 1904. pg. 11, 1 pgs "Jones' Body Entombed at the Naval Academy- Impressive Ceremony Attends the Transfer from Brooklyn- French Jackies in Line". New York Times.July 25, 1905, 1 pg. "Navy Orders". The Washington Post. Jan 7, 1906. pg. 5, 1 pgs "Gets Leave to Visit Home". The Washington Post. Dec 11, 1907. pg.9, 1 pgs "Globe Girdled, 16 Battleships Come Home Today". The Atlanta Constitution. Feb 22, 1909. pg. 1, 2 pgs "Rites for Admiral Taussig". The Washington Post. Feb 2, 1921. pg. 3, 1 pg Jillette Leon-Guerrero, Massachusetts, "Guam Leaders from 1899–1904", © 2009 Guampedia™ Cogar, William B., "Dictionary of Admirals of the U.S. Navy", vol.2, 1901–1918, pp. 274–275 Boston Evening Transcript, October 7, 1899, p. 5 Hawaiian Gazette, March 16, 1900, p. 7 New York Times, September 12, 1900 Brooklyn Daily Eagle, August 6, 1900 External links Register of the Edward D. Taussig Papers, USN War College, Naval Historical Collection, Newport, Rhode Island USN Service Medal Index, Naval History and Heritage Command 1847 births 1921 deaths United States Naval Academy alumni United States Navy admirals Governors of Guam Wake Island American people of Austrian descent Jewish American military personnel American military personnel of the Spanish–American War United States Navy personnel of World War I Burials at the United States Naval Academy Cemetery Guamanian Jews

<mask> was a decorated Rear Admiral in the United States Navy. He is best known for being the officer to claim Wake Island after the Spanish–American War, as well as accepting the physical relinquishment of Guam by its indigenous governor following the Treaty of Paris in which Spain ceded Guam to the United States. He was briefly the Governor of Guam. He was the first of four generations of his family to attend the United States Naval Academy. The son of a wool broker, Charles and his wife, Anna, who had migrated from Austria in 1840, was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He was brought up in the church because his family was Jewish. He was assigned to the U.S.The Naval Academy entered during the Civil War. Service was included in his education over the next four years. From July to December 1867 he was on the steam frigate and from January to April 1868 he was on the. On December 18, 1868, he was commissioned an ensign. As anywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanydaynywayanyday He was decorated for his actions. After being promoted to master on 21 March 1870 and to lieutenant on 1 January 1872, Taussig was stationed at a number of shore stations and ships.Naval Academy, coast survey duty, commanding the survey steamers McArthur and Hassler, training ship, and Bureau of navigation, Washington, D.C. After his promotion to lieutenant commander, he was involved in managing the navy's exhibit at the Columbian exposition, including the full-size mock-up battleship Illinois. His assignments were executive officer, receiving ship, Philadelphia Navy Yard, and executive officer, Pacific Squadron. Wake Island, Guam and the Philippine–American War was promoted to the rank of commander on 10 August 1898, and his first command was the gunboat, which departed San Francisco on 18 September bound for Hawaii, Guam and duty with the Asiatic Squadron in the aftermath of the 12 August 1898 Spanish After arriving in Hawaii in 1898, he spent the next three months operating in local waters and conducting surveys, including Pearl Harbor. In December of that year, Taussig was told to go to Wake Island and claim it for the United States. He arrived on the island after ten days from Honolulu.The island was declared to be in the possession of the United States after a flagstaff was placed and sailors in dress whites formed two ranks. When the flag reached the truck, Taussig gave a 21-gun salute. There was no native population on Wake Island when President William McKinley ordered it to be claimed as a U.S. possession. Wake Island was taken for its strategic value as a cable station. On 17 January 1899, the ship left Wake Island and arrived at Guam. On June 21, 1898, the island was captured by Captain Henry Glass, who had left Francisco Portusach Martnez, an American civilian, in charge of the territory. The only American on Guam was told to take care of the island by Captain Glass.This has never been confirmed by the U.S. Navy, but it was widely believed to be true. Both Venancio Roberto and José Sisto had deposed Martnez in favor of non-American leadership. Venancio Roberto's claim was rebuked in favor of Sisto by the commander of the U.S. Navy who had arrived at Guam on New Year's Day 1899 en route back to the U.S from the Spanish. Sisto's authority was short-lived. Sisto relinquished control of Guam's governmental and administrative affairs on February 1. In a ceremony that ended with a 21-gun salute, the American flag was raised over the Governor's Palace, ending nearly 300 years of Guam being part of the Spanish colonial empire. In his short time on Guam, Commander Taussig established a local council system of temporary government which lasted until the arrival of Lieutenant Louis A. Kaiser in July 1899.The establishment of signal stations and a port survey was supervised by Taussig. The Navy Department in Washington was cabled from Guam on April 15, 1899. Order there and be quiet. It's most friendly to Americans. The Native Government is working well. The body of men are fine. The United States Naval Transport is in Guam.The ship arrived in Manila on February 22, 1899 with the purpose of supporting the Army's campaigns during the Philippine–American War primarily with patrol and escort duty. In August 1899, Taussig was relieved of command and ordered home by the commander of the Asiatic Station after he disagreed with the views of the other commander at a staff conference in Manila. According to the reports, a heated argument took place between the two. Commander Taussig requested an investigation after he returned to San Francisco on the hospital ship. The 13th District Inspector for the United States Lighthouse Board was assigned to Portland, Oregon from October 1899 to April 1900. In March 1900, public accounts surfaced of the tension between officers under his command and the Bureau of navigation over the choice of Commander C. C. Cornwall as his executive officer. The public announcement in March 1900 that he was to be relieved by Rear Admiral George C. Remey was due to health reasons.In April 1900, Commander Taussig's duty as lighthouse inspector ended, the same month that Watson returned home on his flagship. The Boxer Rebellion began in the spring of 1900 due to Chinese prejudice against the presence of Christian missionaries. The foreign legations at Peking and Tientsin were besieged by the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists. An international relief force was sent to relieve the siege. The gunboat was withdrawn from her patrol duties in the northern Philippines to provide assistance to operations off the North China coast as part of the United States Navy's force assigned to the campaign. Upon reaching the mainland, her landing force served at Taku Forts. In June, Taussig helped to back off a reef near Taku.The Battle of Beicang took place in China in August and the Chinese military never recovered. The gunboat reached Cavite on the 17th. She resumed her previous cooperation with the Army forces in the Philippines. Commander Taussig was ordered home to await orders after he was detached in June 1901. Later years included the Washington Navy Yard, Boston Navy Yard, and commander, training ship. He was promoted to captain on 7 November 1901 and served as yard captain, Pensacola Navy Yard, commander, receiving ship, and commander, North Atlantic squadron. Rear admirals Charles D. Sigsbee, James H. Sands, Charles H<mask>, Benjamin F. Tilley, William H. Reeder, and Gervais of the French naval cruiser were in attendance.The Naval Academy. He was the commander of the training ship, the yard captain of the New York Navy Yard, and the commandant of the Norfolk Navy Yard. He was promoted to rear admiral on May 15, 1908. The U.S. Navy retired on November 20, 1909. In 1909 he became a companion of the District of Columbia Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, a military society consisting of officers who had served in the Union armed forces during the American Civil War. The commandant of the Naval Unit at Columbia University was recalled to active duty during World War I. The original service criteria for the Spanish Campaign medal were promulgated in the Navy Department Special Order No.The Spanish–American War did not qualify for the time periods required for service on specific vessels. The award criteria were relaxed in the early 1920s to give the medal to all those who served in the U.S. Navy or Marine Corps during the Spanish–American War. The first government contract to supply campaign medals was in 1922. The Spanish Campaign medal was never given to Rear Admiral Taussig because he died before the eligibility period expanded. <mask><mask> married Ellen Knefler on November 9, 1873. They had five sons, including a vice admiral and an attorney. The third son, Paul, died of an illness in July 1894.The Naval Academy. <mask><mask> is buried at the United States Naval Academy Cemetery with his wife and son. The Allen M. Sumner class destroyer was named after him. The Naval Station Norfolk in Virginia has a street named after him. The Washington Post is owned by The Washington Post. On Sep 17, 1895. "Department Notes".The Washington Post is owned by The Washington Post. Dec 12, 1896. "Capt." Rob Evans had a message. From The Baltimore Sun. The New York Times. August 1, 1898."Now Naval Commanders". The Washington Post is owned by The Washington Post. August 3, 1898. "To Take Wake Island" is one of the 7 volumes. The Washington Post is owned by The Washington Post. On Dec 24, 1898. "Takes Guam Island".The Los Angeles Times. On Dec 24, 1898. The title is "Wake Island Occupation". The New York Times. On Mar 22, 1899. "The Government of Guam- Admiral <mask>s that the American Regime Starts Off Well- Garrison of Native Soldiers" was published in the New York Times. "Funston's Men Sail Soon" was written on April 16, 1899.The Chicago Daily Tribune. On Sep 2, 1899. "Action in Taussig's Case" is a 3 pager. The New York Times. Oct 24, 1899. "Commander Taussig was ordered to Manila". The New York Times.On Mar 25, 1900. "The United Service" The New York Times. Dec 31, 1901. "The United Service". The New York Times. Oct 23, 1902."The Cruiser Controversy" is 13 pages. The Washington Post is owned by The Washington Post. Oct 23, 1902. "The United Service" The New York Times. On Jan 6, 1903. "The United Service" is one of the 10 volumes.The New York Times. August 8, 1903. There are changes in command. The Washington Post is owned by The Washington Post. Oct 13, 1904. Jones' body was entombed at the Naval Academy and he attended the transfer from Brooklyn. The New York Times.July 25, 1905. "Navy orders". The Washington Post is owned by The Washington Post. On Jan 7, 1906. "Gets leave to visit home" The Washington Post is owned by The Washington Post. On Dec 11, 1907."Globegirdled, 16 Battleships Come Home Today". There is a constitution in Atlanta. Feb 22, 1909. There are 1 and 2 volumes of "Rites for Admiral Taussig". The Washington Post is owned by The Washington Post. Feb 2, 1921. The "Dictionary of Admirals of the U.S. Navy" was published in 2009.pp. 2, 1901–1918. The Boston Evening Transcript was published on October 7, 1899.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Blomqvist

Tom Blomqvist

Tom Leonard Blomqvist (born 30 November 1993) is a New Zealand-based, Britain-born Swedish professional racing driver, and BMW Motorsport works driver, currently racing in the 2022 IMSA SportsCar Championship with Meyer Shank Racing. Blomqvist won the 2022 24 Hours of Daytona with Meyer Shank. He is the son of 1984 Swedish World Rally Champion, Stig Blomqvist, and raced under a Swedish racing licence until March 2010. He resides near Saffron Walden, Essex and at Christchurch, New Zealand. Career Junior career Blomqvist began his racing career in karting, in which he competed between 2003 and 2008, winning eight Championship titles in New Zealand. In 2009, at the young age of 15, he left his home in New Zealand in order to make the move to motor racing in Europe, starting with Formula Renault 2.0 Sweden where he took five podium finishes and one victory from 14 races, finishing third in the standings. He also finished third in the Formula Renault NEZ Championship. At the end of the season, having to first apply for special permission to race as he was still only 15 years old, he competed in two of the four races of the Formula Renault UK Winter Series winning both of the races at the Rockingham Motor Speedway. In 2010 he competed in the full Formula Renault UK season racing for Fortec Motorsport, taking 12 podiums on his way to becoming the youngest ever champion in the series' history at the age of 16 (!), beating the record set by Lewis Hamilton who won the Championship aged 18. November 2010 saw Blomqvist compete in the iconic Macau Grand Prix. Driving for Eurointernational he secured 3rd place with fastest lap time in the Formula BMW Pacific race. In December 2010 Blomqvist was a McLaren Autosport BRDC Award finalist as well as receiving the British Club Driver of the Year award. At the British Racing Drivers' Club awards he received the Henry Surtees award for the most outstanding performance by a rising star. On 30 November 2011 Blomqvist signed with MB Partners Ltd, owned by former F1 driver Mark Blundell. Blomqvist was again a McLaren Autosport BRDC Award finalist at the end of 2011. In February 2012 Blomqvist joined the select group of young talent on the McLaren Driver Development Programme. In the same month, Blomqvist was one of six finalists in a large selection process as Porsche looked for two new junior drivers who would also be contesting the Porsche Carrera Cup. Despite the accolade of being chosen as one of the drivers, Blomqvist elected to stay in single-seaters and a few weeks later, having been selected as a European F3 VW Factory Driver, he signed with ma-con motorsport to contest the F3 Euroseries. Formula 3 Because of his outstanding success at Macau in 2010, 2011 saw Blomqvist competing in German F3 with Performance Racing. Despite competing against stronger teams, he was 3rd in the Championship, when at the start of the race at EuroSpeedway Lausitz he was hit by another car and propelled into a wall, prematurely ending his season and breaking his back at the same time. It would require several months of recuperation before Blomqvist was fit to drive again. Nonetheless, Eurointernational invited Blomqvist to compete in the 2012 German F3 Championship, fitting the races around his F3 Euroseries schedule. Despite competing in only five rounds due to his prior injury, Blomqvist was 5th in the Championship having achieved an impressive 10 podiums, including five wins, and led by 16 points for these rounds. Blomqvist finished the season in 7th place for both the F3 Euroseries and the FIA European Formula 3 Championship, having competed with a team new to Formula 3. He entered the Macau F3 street circuit race in November 2012 where he and his team, Eurointernational, used a brand new car, but with no time to test beforehand, the results were disappointing. At the end of 2012 Blomqvist was selected to join the Red Bull Junior Team and competed in the newly formed FIA European Formula 3 Championship this year — billed as "the most competitive young talent series on the planet" - where he joined his former team EuroInternational as their lone driver for the 2013 season. Despite the team being new to Formula 3, Blomqvist finished the season in 7th place and EuroInternational finished 5th in the Team Championship. Quite an achievement considering all their points were harvested by just one driver, Blomqvist, whereas the teams that finished ahead each had several drivers. In November 2013 Blomqvist entered the Macau Grand Prix, this time driving for his former team, Fortec Motorsport. The Red Bull Junior driver was back on pace and looking at starting on pole. However, in the dying minutes of the session Blomqvist was unable to get another clear lap, losing pole position and ending up sixth. During the qualifying race, the unfamiliar starting procedure of the Fortec car caused him to stall at the start. While waiting to be restarted, a distracted Harry Tincknell, who had also momentarily stalled, drove straight into the back of him, ending Blomqvist's day and causing him to start at the back of the grid for the final race. Blomqvist then went on to have a great race the following day. He charged his way through the 28-car field, and when the checkered flag was shown 15 laps later, Blomqvist came home in eighth place. For 2014 Blomqvist again competed in the European Formula 3 Championship driving for Carlin, along with his teammates, Antonio Giovinazzi and Sean Gelael, driving under a new banner of Jagonya Ayam with Carlin in their Dallara-Volkswagens. After a thrilling season racing with the cream of junior motorsport's talent, Blomqvist managed to finish 2nd in the championship, despite incurring engine change penalties. In November 2014 Blomqvist entered the Macau Grand Prix driving his Jagonya Ayam with Carlin car. Despite being one of the quickest drivers on the track in practice and qualifying, Blomqvist's luck ran out within the first lap of the Grand Prix. After making a great start from 3rd, Blomqvist was challenging for the lead which he took after Lucas Auer made a mistake a few corners in. As Blomqvist took the corner, Esteban Ocon made an over optimistic move from behind, and the two collided. Although Ocon had damaged his suspension at San Francisco Bend, he managed to go on, but a powerless Blomqvist was driven into the barriers, ending his race. Due to the narrow track there was a multiple car pile-up behind, with Yu Kanamaru getting launched first over Jordan King and then Blomqvist, before landing on a wall at the side of the track. No one was hurt in the chaos, and after the race was restarted Felix Rosenqvist went on to become the 2014 winner. DTM On 2 February 2015 it was announced Blomqvist had secured a BMW DTM drive for multiple seasons, replacing the spot left vacant by the departure of Joey Hand. The announcement followed a selection test carried out by Blomqvist, Jack Harvey, Robin Frijns, Lucas Luhr, Richie Stanaway, Alex Lynn, Sam Bird and Alex Gurney at Jerez in December 2014. Blomqvist joined the RBM Team alongside Augusto Farfus and finished the season in a respectable 14th place, having made DTM history as the youngest BMW driver to win a race in his first season, at Oschersleben, and the second youngest race winner with any manufacturer. For the 2016 season Blomqvist remained with the RBM Team but with a new teammate, Maxime Martin. He concluded a successful 2016 DTM season in point-scoring fashion at the series’ finale in Hockenheim, ending the season in sixth position in the Drivers' Championship, the youngest driver in the top ten of the season's final standings. 2017 saw Blomqvist remain with BMW and Team RBM, but in the newly formed Team RBR, with ex Formula One driver Timo Glock as his stablemate. Formula E He participated in the 2017–18 Formula E season with the MS&AD Andretti Formula E team. This caused some confusion as he was confirmed by the official FIA entry list, rather than an announcement by the team. He made his debut at Marrakesh ePrix, replacing Kamui Kobayashi. His teammate was António Félix da Costa, who had raced in Formula E since the inaugural 2014–15 season (with Team Aguri for 2014–15). Despite a strong debut in Marrakesh, finishing in 8th position, his results were not considered good enough by the team & he was replaced with Stéphane Sarrazin for the final four races of the season. Blomqvist returned to the Formula E paddock for the 2019 Berlin ePrix, where he acted as a TV pundit, in place of the regular Dario Franchitti, who was attending the 2019 Indy 500. Blomqvist returned to the race seat for the final two races of the 2019–20 season-ending 2020 Berlin ePrix, replacing Jaguar's James Calado, who had other commitments. Blomqvist was then given a full-time seat at the NIO 333 FE Team for the 2020–21 Formula E World Championship, driving alongside fellow Briton Oliver Turvey. The car was one of the slowest on the grid, finishing in last place of the constructors, with Blomqvist accumulating 6 points, and Turvey 13. For the 2021–22 season, Blomqvist opted to leave NIO and joined Envision Racing as a reserve driver. WEC In the 2018 Blancpain GT Series Endurance Cup, driving a BMW M6 GT3 for Team Walkenhorst Motorsport, Blomqvist, and teammates Philipp Eng and Christian Krognes won the 2018 24 Hours of Spa. During the 2021 FIA World Endurance Championship, Blomqvist, ex-teammate at Carlin in F3 Sean Gelael, and ex-Formula 1 driver Stoffel Vandoorne were driving an Oreca 07 for Jota Sport team, in the Le Mans Prototype2 class. They finished second in the class, collecting four podiums out of the five races, including a second place in the famous 24 Hours of Le Mans. IMSA Blomqvist made his debut in the 2018 IMSA SportsCar Championship at the wheel of a BMW M8 GTE, at Watkins Glen International, in a one-off race appearance, and finished in a respectable 8th in the GT Le Mans category. In 2019, he stuck around for a full season, driving the BMW of M8 GTE of Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing once again. He scored solid points all throughout the season, with his best finish coming in the season's finale at the 2019 Petit Le Mans, a third place podium. He ended the year 9th in the GT Le Mans category, with 258 points. Following his Formula E campaign, Blomqvist was announced in November 2021, as one of the driver's for Meyer Shank Racing in the 2022 IMSA SportsCar Championship, driving the Acura ARX-05 along with teammate Oliver Jarvis. Racing record Career summary † As Blomqvist was a guest driver, he was ineligible to score points. Complete Formula 3 Euro Series results (key) Complete FIA Formula 3 European Championship results (key) Complete Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters results (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) † Driver retired, but was classified as they completed 75% of the winner's race distance. Complete FIA World Endurance Championship results Complete Blancpain GT Series Sprint Cup results Complete Formula E results (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap) Complete WeatherTech SportsCar Championship results (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap) Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results References External links 1993 births Living people Sportspeople from Cambridge English people of Swedish descent English people of New Zealand descent English racing drivers Sweden Formula Renault 2.0 drivers Formula Renault 2.0 NEZ drivers British Formula Renault 2.0 drivers German Formula Three Championship drivers Formula 3 Euro Series drivers British Formula Three Championship drivers FIA Formula 3 European Championship drivers Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters drivers Formula E drivers FIA World Endurance Championship drivers 24 Hours of Le Mans drivers Fortec Motorsport drivers Performance Racing drivers EuroInternational drivers Ma-con Motorsport drivers Carlin racing drivers BMW M drivers Racing Bart Mampaey drivers Rowe Racing drivers Andretti Autosport drivers Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing drivers Jaguar Racing drivers NIO 333 FE Team drivers Jota Sport drivers

<mask> (born 30 November 1993) is a New Zealand-based, Britain-born Swedish professional racing driver, and BMW Motorsport works driver, currently racing in the 2022 IMSA SportsCar Championship with Meyer Shank Racing. <mask> won the 2022 24 Hours of Daytona with Meyer Shank. He is the son of 1984 Swedish World Rally Champion, <mask>, and raced under a Swedish racing licence until March 2010. He resides near Saffron Walden, Essex and at Christchurch, New Zealand. Career Junior career <mask> began his racing career in karting, in which he competed between 2003 and 2008, winning eight Championship titles in New Zealand. In 2009, at the young age of 15, he left his home in New Zealand in order to make the move to motor racing in Europe, starting with Formula Renault 2.0 Sweden where he took five podium finishes and one victory from 14 races, finishing third in the standings. He also finished third in the Formula Renault NEZ Championship.At the end of the season, having to first apply for special permission to race as he was still only 15 years old, he competed in two of the four races of the Formula Renault UK Winter Series winning both of the races at the Rockingham Motor Speedway. In 2010 he competed in the full Formula Renault UK season racing for Fortec Motorsport, taking 12 podiums on his way to becoming the youngest ever champion in the series' history at the age of 16 (! ), beating the record set by Lewis Hamilton who won the Championship aged 18. November 2010 saw <mask> compete in the iconic Macau Grand Prix. Driving for Eurointernational he secured 3rd place with fastest lap time in the Formula BMW Pacific race. In December 2010 <mask> was a McLaren Autosport BRDC Award finalist as well as receiving the British Club Driver of the Year award. At the British Racing Drivers' Club awards he received the Henry Surtees award for the most outstanding performance by a rising star.On 30 November 2011 <mask> signed with MB Partners Ltd, owned by former F1 driver Mark Blundell. <mask> was again a McLaren Autosport BRDC Award finalist at the end of 2011. In February 2012 <mask> joined the select group of young talent on the McLaren Driver Development Programme. In the same month, <mask> was one of six finalists in a large selection process as Porsche looked for two new junior drivers who would also be contesting the Porsche Carrera Cup. Despite the accolade of being chosen as one of the drivers, <mask> elected to stay in single-seaters and a few weeks later, having been selected as a European F3 VW Factory Driver, he signed with ma-con motorsport to contest the F3 Euroseries. Formula 3 Because of his outstanding success at Macau in 2010, 2011 saw <mask> competing in German F3 with Performance Racing. Despite competing against stronger teams, he was 3rd in the Championship, when at the start of the race at EuroSpeedway Lausitz he was hit by another car and propelled into a wall, prematurely ending his season and breaking his back at the same time.It would require several months of recuperation before Blomqvist was fit to drive again. Nonetheless, Eurointernational invited <mask> to compete in the 2012 German F3 Championship, fitting the races around his F3 Euroseries schedule. Despite competing in only five rounds due to his prior injury, <mask> was 5th in the Championship having achieved an impressive 10 podiums, including five wins, and led by 16 points for these rounds. <mask> finished the season in 7th place for both the F3 Euroseries and the FIA European Formula 3 Championship, having competed with a team new to Formula 3. He entered the Macau F3 street circuit race in November 2012 where he and his team, Eurointernational, used a brand new car, but with no time to test beforehand, the results were disappointing. At the end of 2012 <mask> was selected to join the Red Bull Junior Team and competed in the newly formed FIA European Formula 3 Championship this year — billed as "the most competitive young talent series on the planet" - where he joined his former team EuroInternational as their lone driver for the 2013 season. Despite the team being new to Formula 3, <mask> finished the season in 7th place and EuroInternational finished 5th in the Team Championship.Quite an achievement considering all their points were harvested by just one driver, Blomqvist, whereas the teams that finished ahead each had several drivers. In November 2013 <mask> entered the Macau Grand Prix, this time driving for his former team, Fortec Motorsport. The Red Bull Junior driver was back on pace and looking at starting on pole. However, in the dying minutes of the session <mask> was unable to get another clear lap, losing pole position and ending up sixth. During the qualifying race, the unfamiliar starting procedure of the Fortec car caused him to stall at the start. While waiting to be restarted, a distracted Harry Tincknell, who had also momentarily stalled, drove straight into the back of him, ending <mask>'s day and causing him to start at the back of the grid for the final race. <mask> then went on to have a great race the following day.He charged his way through the 28-car field, and when the checkered flag was shown 15 laps later, Blomqvist came home in eighth place. For 2014 <mask> again competed in the European Formula 3 Championship driving for Carlin, along with his teammates, Antonio Giovinazzi and Sean Gelael, driving under a new banner of Jagonya Ayam with Carlin in their Dallara-Volkswagens. After a thrilling season racing with the cream of junior motorsport's talent, <mask> managed to finish 2nd in the championship, despite incurring engine change penalties. In November 2014 <mask> entered the Macau Grand Prix driving his Jagonya Ayam with Carlin car. Despite being one of the quickest drivers on the track in practice and qualifying, <mask>'s luck ran out within the first lap of the Grand Prix. After making a great start from 3rd, <mask> was challenging for the lead which he took after Lucas Auer made a mistake a few corners in. As <mask> took the corner, Esteban Ocon made an over optimistic move from behind, and the two collided.Although Ocon had damaged his suspension at San Francisco Bend, he managed to go on, but a powerless <mask> was driven into the barriers, ending his race. Due to the narrow track there was a multiple car pile-up behind, with Yu Kanamaru getting launched first over Jordan King and then <mask>, before landing on a wall at the side of the track. No one was hurt in the chaos, and after the race was restarted Felix Rosenqvist went on to become the 2014 winner. DTM On 2 February 2015 it was announced <mask> had secured a BMW DTM drive for multiple seasons, replacing the spot left vacant by the departure of Joey Hand. The announcement followed a selection test carried out by <mask>, Jack Harvey, Robin Frijns, Lucas Luhr, Richie Stanaway, Alex Lynn, Sam Bird and Alex Gurney at Jerez in December 2014. <mask> joined the RBM Team alongside Augusto Farfus and finished the season in a respectable 14th place, having made DTM history as the youngest BMW driver to win a race in his first season, at Oschersleben, and the second youngest race winner with any manufacturer. For the 2016 season <mask> remained with the RBM Team but with a new teammate, Maxime Martin.He concluded a successful 2016 DTM season in point-scoring fashion at the series’ finale in Hockenheim, ending the season in sixth position in the Drivers' Championship, the youngest driver in the top ten of the season's final standings. 2017 saw <mask> remain with BMW and Team RBM, but in the newly formed Team RBR, with ex Formula One driver Timo Glock as his stablemate. Formula E He participated in the 2017–18 Formula E season with the MS&AD Andretti Formula E team. This caused some confusion as he was confirmed by the official FIA entry list, rather than an announcement by the team. He made his debut at Marrakesh ePrix, replacing Kamui Kobayashi. His teammate was António Félix da Costa, who had raced in Formula E since the inaugural 2014–15 season (with Team Aguri for 2014–15). Despite a strong debut in Marrakesh, finishing in 8th position, his results were not considered good enough by the team & he was replaced with Stéphane Sarrazin for the final four races of the season.<mask> returned to the Formula E paddock for the 2019 Berlin ePrix, where he acted as a TV pundit, in place of the regular Dario Franchitti, who was attending the 2019 Indy 500. <mask> returned to the race seat for the final two races of the 2019–20 season-ending 2020 Berlin ePrix, replacing Jaguar's James Calado, who had other commitments. <mask> was then given a full-time seat at the NIO 333 FE Team for the 2020–21 Formula E World Championship, driving alongside fellow Briton Oliver Turvey. The car was one of the slowest on the grid, finishing in last place of the constructors, with <mask> accumulating 6 points, and Turvey 13. For the 2021–22 season, Blomqvist opted to leave NIO and joined Envision Racing as a reserve driver. WEC In the 2018 Blancpain GT Series Endurance Cup, driving a BMW M6 GT3 for Team Walkenhorst Motorsport, <mask>, and teammates Philipp Eng and Christian Krognes won the 2018 24 Hours of Spa. During the 2021 FIA World Endurance Championship, <mask>, ex-teammate at Carlin in F3 Sean Gelael, and ex-Formula 1 driver Stoffel Vandoorne were driving an Oreca 07 for Jota Sport team, in the Le Mans Prototype2 class.They finished second in the class, collecting four podiums out of the five races, including a second place in the famous 24 Hours of Le Mans. IMSA <mask> made his debut in the 2018 IMSA SportsCar Championship at the wheel of a BMW M8 GTE, at Watkins Glen International, in a one-off race appearance, and finished in a respectable 8th in the GT Le Mans category. In 2019, he stuck around for a full season, driving the BMW of M8 GTE of Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing once again. He scored solid points all throughout the season, with his best finish coming in the season's finale at the 2019 Petit Le Mans, a third place podium. He ended the year 9th in the GT Le Mans category, with 258 points. Following his Formula E campaign, <mask> was announced in November 2021, as one of the driver's for Meyer Shank Racing in the 2022 IMSA SportsCar Championship, driving the Acura ARX-05 along with teammate Oliver Jarvis. Racing record Career summary † As Blomqvist was a guest driver, he was ineligible to score points.Complete Formula 3 Euro Series results (key) Complete FIA Formula 3 European Championship results (key) Complete Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters results (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap) † Driver retired, but was classified as they completed 75% of the winner's race distance. Complete FIA World Endurance Championship results Complete Blancpain GT Series Sprint Cup results Complete Formula E results (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap) Complete WeatherTech SportsCar Championship results (key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap) Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results References External links 1993 births Living people Sportspeople from Cambridge English people of Swedish descent English people of New Zealand descent English racing drivers Sweden Formula Renault 2.0 drivers Formula Renault 2.0 NEZ drivers British Formula Renault 2.0 drivers German Formula Three Championship drivers Formula 3 Euro Series drivers British Formula Three Championship drivers FIA Formula 3 European Championship drivers Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters drivers Formula E drivers FIA World Endurance Championship drivers 24 Hours of Le Mans drivers Fortec Motorsport drivers Performance Racing drivers EuroInternational drivers Ma-con Motorsport drivers Carlin racing drivers BMW M drivers Racing Bart Mampaey drivers Rowe Racing drivers Andretti Autosport drivers Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing drivers Jaguar Racing drivers NIO 333 FE Team drivers Jota Sport drivers

<mask> is a New Zealand-based, Britain-born Swedish professional racing driver and works driver for BMW Motorsport. They won the 24 Hours of Daytona. He raced under a Swedish racing licence until March 2010 and was the son of a 1984 Swedish World Rally Champion. He lives in Essex and New Zealand. During his racing career, he won eight Championship titles in New Zealand. In 2009, at the age of 15, he left his home in New Zealand in order to make the move to motor racing in Europe, where he took five podium finishes and one victory from 14 races. He finished third in the NEZ Championship.At the end of the season, having to first apply for special permission to race as he was only 15 years old, he competed in two of the four races of the Formula Renault UK Winter Series. He became the youngest ever champion in the series' history at the age of 16 when he took 12 podiums in the full 2010 Formula Renault UK season. Lewis Hamilton won the Championship aged 18. The Macau Grand Prix was held in November of 2010. He had the fastest lap time in the Formula BMW Pacific race. In December of 2010 he received the British Club Driver of the Year award, as well as being a McLaren Autosport BRDC Award finalist. He received the most outstanding performance by a rising star award at the British Racing Drivers' Club awards.MB Partners is owned by a former F1 driver. At the end of the year, he was a finalist for the McLaren Autosport BRDC Award. The McLaren Driver Development Programme has a select group of young talent. In the same month, he was one of six candidates who were narrowed down to two who would compete in the Carrera Cup. After being selected as a European F3 VW Factory Driver, he decided to stay in single-seaters and contest the F3 Euroseries with ma-con. Due to his success at Macau in 2010, he competed in German F3 with Performance Racing. Despite competing against stronger teams, he was 3rd in the Championship when at the start of the race at EuroSpeedway Lausitz he was hit by another car and broke his back at the same time.It would take several months of recovery before he could drive again. Eurointernational invited <mask> to compete in the 2012 German F3 Championship, fitting the races around his F3 Euroseries schedule. Despite competing in only five rounds due to his prior injury, <mask> was 5th in the Championship having achieved an impressive 10 podiums, including five wins, and led by 16 points for these rounds. He finished the season in 7th place for both the F3 Euroseries and theFIA European Formula 3 Championship, having competed with a team new to Formula 3. When he entered the Macau F3 street circuit race in November 2012 with his team, Eurointernational, they used a brand new car, but with no time to test it, the results were disappointing. At the end of 2012 he was selected to join the Red Bull Junior Team and competed in the newly formed FIA European Formula 3 Championship this year, which was billed as the most competitive young talent series on the planet. EuroInternational finished 5th in the Team Championship despite being a new team in Formula 3.The teams that finished ahead had several drivers, whereas the teams that finished behind only had one driver. In November of last year, he drove for his former team in the Macau Grand Prix. The Red Bull Junior driver was back on track. In the dying minutes of the session, <mask> lost his pole position and ended up sixth. The unfamiliar starting procedure of the Fortec car caused him to stall at the start of the race. While waiting to be restarted, a distracted Harry Tincknell drove straight into the back of him, causing him to start at the back of the grid for the final race. On the following day, he had a great race.When the checkered flag was shown 15 laps later, he came home in eighth place. In the European Formula 3 Championship, for the second year in a row, Sean Gelael, Antonio Giovinazzi and datememe datememe datememe datememe datememe datememe datememe datememe datememe, datememe, datememe, datememe datememe, datememe datememe datememe datememe datememe datememe, datememe datememe datememe datememe datememe datememe datememe datememe datememe After a thrilling season racing with the cream of junior motorsport's talent, <mask> managed to finish 2nd in the championship despite incurring engine change penalties. The Macau Grand Prix took place in November of 2014). Despite being one of the fastest drivers on the track, his luck ran out on the first lap of the Grand Prix. Lucas Auer made a mistake a few corners in and after making a great start from 3rd, Blomqvist was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 The two collided as Ocon made an over optimistic move from behind.Although Ocon had damaged his suspension, he was able to go on and finish the race. Due to the narrow track there was a multiple car pile-up behind, with Yu Kanamaru getting launched first over Jordan King and then <mask>, before landing on a wall at the side of the track. The race was stopped in the middle of the race, but no one was hurt, and Felix was the winner. On February 2, 2015, it was announced that there would be a BMW DTM drive for multiple seasons, replacing the spot left vacant by the departure of Joey Hand. A selection test was carried out by Jack Harvey, Robin Frijns, Lucas Luhr, Richie Stanaway, Alex Lynn, Sam Bird and Alex Gurney. Augusto Farfus joined the RBM Team and finished the season in a respectable 14th place, having made DTM history as the youngest BMW driver to win a race in his first season, at Oschersleben, and the second youngest race winner with any manufacturer. A new teammate for the 2016 season was Maxime Martin.He finished the 2016 DTM season in sixth place in the Drivers' Championship, the youngest driver in the top ten. He remained with BMW and Team RBM, but also in the newly formed Team RBR, with ex Formula One driver Timo Glock as his stablemate. He was a member of the Formula E team. He was confirmed by the official FIA entry list, rather than an announcement by the team. He replaced Kamui Kobayashi at the ePrix. His teammate was Antnio Félix da Costa, who had raced in Formula E since the first season. His results were not good enough for the team to keep him for the final four races of the season.At the Berlin ePrix, he acted as a TV pundit in place of Franchitti, who was at the Indy 500. Jaguar's James Calado was the replacement for the final two races of the 2020 Berlin ePrix, but he had other commitments. Oliver Turvey was given a full-time seat at the NIO 333 FE Team for the 2020–21 Formula E World Championship. The car was one of the fastest on the grid, finishing in last place of the constructors with Turvey and Blomqvist accumulating 6 points. He left NIO and joined Envision Racing as a reserve driver. They won the 24 Hours of Spa in the Blancpain GT Series, driving a BMW M6 GT3 for Team Walkenhorst Motorsport. Ex-teammates at Carlin in F3 Sean Gelael and ex-Formula 1 driver Stoffel Vandoorne were driving an Oreca-07 for Jota Sport in the Le Mans Prototype2 class.They finished second in the class, with four podiums, including a second place in the 24 Hours of Le Mans. He made his debut in the IMSA Sportscar Championship at the wheel of a BMW M8 GTE, at Watkins Glen International, in a one-off race appearance, and finished in a respectable 8th in the GT LeMans category. He drove the BMW of M8 GTE of Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing for a full season in 2019. He scored points throughout the season, with his best finish coming in the season's finale at the Petit LeMans, a third place podium. He finished the year 9th in the category with 258 points. In November 2021, he was announced as one of the driver's for Meyer Shank Racing in the IMSA Sportscar Championship, driving the Acura ARX-05 along with teammate Oliver Jarvis. As a guest driver, he was ineligible to score points.The complete results of the Formula 3 Euro Series, the Formula 3 European Championship, and theDeutsche Tourenwagen Masters. The complete results of the World Endurance Championship, Blancpain GT Series, and Formula E.

1551270

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryoji%20Ikeda

Ryoji Ikeda

Ryoji Ikeda (池田 亮司 Ikeda Ryōji, born 1966) is a Japanese visual and sound artist who currently lives and works in Paris, France. Ikeda's music is concerned primarily with sound in a variety of "raw" states, such as sine tones and noise, often using frequencies at the edges of the range of human hearing. The conclusion of his album +/- features just such a tone; of it, Ikeda says "a high frequency sound is used that the listener becomes aware of only upon its disappearance" (from the CD booklet). Rhythmically, Ikeda's music is highly imaginative, exploiting beat patterns and, at times, using a variety of discrete tones and noise to create the semblance of a drum machine. His work also encroaches on the world of ambient music; many tracks on his albums are concerned with slowly evolving soundscapes, with little or no sense of pulse. Ryoji Ikeda was born in Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, Japan in 1966. In addition to working as a solo artist, he has also collaborated with, among others, Carsten Nicolai (under the name "Cyclo.") and the art collective Dumb Type. His work matrix won the Golden Nica Award in 2001. In 2004, the dormant Saarinen-designed TWA Flight Center (now Jetblue Terminal 5) at JFK Airport briefly hosted an art exhibition called Terminal 5 curated by Rachel K. Ward and featuring the work of 18 artists including Ikeda. The show featured work, lectures and temporary installations drawing inspiration from the idea of travel — and the terminal's architecture. The show was to run from October 1, 2004 to January 31, 2005 — though it closed abruptly after the building itself was vandalized during the opening party. In May – June 2011 a presentation of three of the artist's immersive audio/visual projects, The Transfinite, was exhibited at the Park Avenue Armory. In 2014, Ikeda was awarded the Prix Ars Electronica Collide@CERN 2014. As a result, he began his residency at CERN in July 2014 until 2015, during which he developed supersymmetry and micro | macro. Ikeda was one of the artists, designers and architects presented in the group show Entangle / Physics and the Artistic Imagination (2018-11-16 - 2019-04-07) at Bildmuseet, Umeå University, Sweden. Discography Recordings 1000 fragments (cci recordings, 1995 & Raster-Noton, 2008) +/- (Touch, 1996) time and space (Staalplaat, 1998) 0 °C (Touch, 1998) Mort Aux Vaches (Mort Aux Vaches,1999 & 2002) 99: Variations For Modulated 440 Hz Sinewaves (Raster-Noton, 1999) matrix (Touch, 2000) . (with Carsten Nicolai as Cyclo.; Raster-Noton, 2001) op. (Touch, 2002) dataplex (Raster-Noton, 2005) test pattern (Raster-Noton, 2008) dataphonics (Dis Voir, 2010) id (with Carsten Nicolai as Cyclo.; Raster-Noton, 2011) supercodex (Raster-Noton, 2013) Live at White Cube (with Christian Marclay; The Vinyl Factory, White Cube, 2015) The Solar System (The Vinyl Factory, 2015) code name: A to Z (The Vinyl Factory, 2017) music for percussion (The Vinyl Factory, 2017) music for percussion (codex | edition, 2018) As Part of Dumb Type S/N (Newsic 1995) Teji Furuhashi / Dumb Type - 1985-1994 (Foil Records, 1996) OR (Foil Records, 1998) Memorandum (CCI Recordings, 2000) Compilations Preamble, Silence (Spiral, 1993) Radio-Range, Zone 3, Zone 4, Zone 1 & Preamble (For Silence), Document 02 - Sine (Dorobo, 1995) Untitled, Statics (cci recordings, 1995) Headphonics 1/1, Mesmer Variations (Ash International, 1995) Untitled 071295, A Fault in the Nothing (Ash International, 1996) What's Wrong, Test No. 1 & Abstructures, Atomic Weight (Iridium, 1996) One Minute, Tulpas (Selektion, 1997) Headphonics 0/0, Touch Sampler 2 (Touch, 1997) Untitled, RRR 500 (RRRecords, 1998) Interference, Meme (Meme, 1998) Interference 001, Chill Out (Sabotage Recordings, 1998) [0(zero)degrees] Installation, Just About Now (V227, 1998) Interference 003, Modulation & Transformation 4 (Mille Plateaux, 1999) C ::Coda (For T.F.), ONE :SOUND 001: 00:00-50:00 (One Percent, 1999) The Great American Broadcast, End ID (Digital Narcis Corporation,. Ltd, 1999) Zero Degrees [3], Sonar 99 (So Dens, 1999) Zero Degrees [3], Microscopic Sound (Caipirinha Productions, 1999) Zero Degrees, Prix Ars Electronica CyberArts 2000 (Ars Electronica Center, 2000) Matrix (For An Anechoic Room), Touch 00 (Touch, 2000) 0* :: Zero Degrees (1), Sonic Boom: The Art of Sound (Hayward Gallery, 2000) Cyclo cycle (as Ikeda), New Forms - Compilation (Raster-Noton, 2000) Untitled (For Disney), Disney Age @ D_100 Cafe (Walt Disney Records, 2001) ringtone_1 / ringtone_2 & unobtainable, Ringtones (Touch, 2001) One Minute, An Anthology Of Noise & Electronic Music / First A-Chronology (Sub Rosa, 2002) Spectra II, Frequenzen [Hz] / Frequencies [Hz] (Hatje Cantz, 2002) Untitled 020402, KREV X - The Kingdoms of Elgaland-Vargaland, 1992-2002 (Ash International, 2002) Abstructures, Ju-Jikan: 10 Hours of Sound From Japan (23five, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, 2002) 0’12’’32 & 0’12’’34, Raster-Noton. Archiv 1 (Wire Magazine, Raster-Noton, 2003) Spectra II Edit, Frequencies [Hz] (Raster-Noton, 2003) 3’33, Festival Voor Nieuwe Muziek > Happy New Ears 2004 (Happy New Ears, 2004) Untitled #25, Touch 25 (Touch, 2006) data.vortex, Mind The Gap Volume 62 (Gonzo Circus, 2006) 0’12’’32 & 0’12’’34, Notations Archiv 1 (Raster-Noton, 2006) Data.Syntax (Uit Dataplex), Festival Voor Nieuwe Muziek > Hapy New Ears 2007 (Gonzo Circus, 2007) Headphonics 0/1 (Original Mix), Dissonance Promo (Beatport Promotion, 2008) Back In Black, Recovery (Fractured Recordings, 2008) Test Pattern 0101, 14 Tracks: Between The Wires (Boomkat, 2010) Dataphonics 10 Structure, Qwartz 7 (TRAD>D, 2011) Supercodex 20, 14 Tracks: Digital Diaspora (Boomkat, 2014) tracks 1993-2011 (codex | edition, 2018) Publications formula [book + DVD] (NTT Publishing, 2002 & Forma, 2005) V≠L (Éditions Xavier Barral, 2008) +/- [the infinite between 0 and 1] (Esquire Magazine Japan Co. Ltd, 2009) dataphonics book+cd (Éditions DIS VOIR, 2010) id (with Carsten Nicolai as Cyclo.; gestalten, 2011) datamatics book (Charta, 2012) Ryoji Ikeda: micro | macro, 2015. Exhibition Catalogue. (ZKM Karlsruhe, NINO Druck, Neustadt/Weinstraße, 2015) Ryoji Ikeda | continuum (Éditions Xavier Barral, 2018) Solo Exhibitions 2002 db, NTT InterCommunication Center (ICC), Tokyo, JP (curated by Minoru Hatanaka) 2007 data.tron [prototype], De Vleeshal, Middelburg, NL 2008 datamatics, Yamaguchi Center for Arts and Media (YCAM), JP (curated by Kazunao Abe) spectra, dream amsterdam 2008, Amsterdam, NL data.tron, MIC Toi Rerehiko, Media and Interdisciplinary Arts Centre, Auckland, NZ V≠L, Le Laboratoire, Paris, FR (curated by Caroline Naphegyi) 2009 data.tron [8K enhanced version], Ars Electronica Center, Linz, AT +/- [the infinite between 0 and 1], Museum of Contemporary Art Tokyo, JP (curated by Yuko Hasegawa) data.tron, Ikon Gallery, Birmingham, UK (curated by Nigel Prince) 2010 spectra [barcelona], Grec Barcelona Festival and Sonár, Barcelona, ES the transcendental, French Institute Alliance Française, New York, US test pattern [nº3], Théâtre de Gennevilliers, FR 2011 the transfinite, Park Avenue Armory, New York, US (curated by Kristy Edmunds) datamatics, Museo de Arte, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, CO (curated by Maria Belen Saez de Ibarra) 2012 db, Hamburger Bahnhof, Berlin, DE (curated by Ingrid Buschmann and Gabriele Knapstein) datamatics, LABoral Centro de Arte y Creación Industrial, Gijón, ES (curated by Benjamin Weil) data.anatomy [civic], KRAFTWERK, Berlin, DE Ryoji Ikeda, DHC/ART, Montréal, CA (curated by John Zeppetelli) 2013 data.scan [nº1-9], MU and STRP Biennale, Eindhoven, NL test pattern [nº4], FRAC Franche- Comté, Besançon, FR test pattern [nº5], Carriageworks/ISEA2013/VividSydney, Sydney, AU data.tron [3 SXGA+ version], Wood Street Galleries, Pittsburgh, US data.path, Espacio Fundación Telefónica, Madrid, ES systematics, Gallery Koyanagi, Tokyo, JP 2014 supersymmetry, Yamaguchi Center for Arts and Media (YCAM), Yamaguchi, JP C⁴I [screening version], Musée d’art contemporain de Montréal, CA supersymmetry, le lieu unique, Nantes, FR test pattern [times square], Times Square, New York, US Ryoji Ikeda, Salon 94, New York, US test pattern [nº6], Red Bull Music Academy – Spiral Hall, Tokyo, JP Ryoji Ikeda, House of Electronic Arts Basel (HeK), CH 2015 data.tron/data.scan, SCAD Museum of Art, Savannah, US supersymmetry, The Vinyl Factory, London, UK micro | macro, ZKM, Karlsruhe, DE datamatics, Espai d’art contemporani de Castelló, ES supersymmetry, KUMU Art Museum, Tallinn, EE 2016 data.matrix [nº1-10], Wood Street Galleries, Pittsburgh, US data.scape, ICC Sydney, Sydney, AU 2018 Ryoji Ikeda | continuum, Centre Pompidou, Paris, FR micro | macro, Carriageworks, Sydney, AU Ryoji Ikeda: code-verse, Garage Museum of Contemporary Art, Moscow, RU Ryoji Ikeda, Eye Filmmuseum, Amsterdam, NL 2021 Ryoji Ikeda, 180 The Strand, London, UK Other References Jennings, Gabrielle. Abstract Video, The Moving Image In Contemporary Art 2015. University of California Press. Fairley, Gina. “Superposition: Ryoji Ikeda” Visual Arts Hub. Retrieved 2 February 2017. http://visual.artshub.com.au/news-article/reviews/visual-arts/gina-fairley/superposition- ryoji-ikeda-249435 O’Hagan, Sean. “Spectra: The Dazzling Column of Light Over London” The Guardian. 5 August 2014. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/aug/05/ryoji-ikeda-spectra-first-world- war-artangel Harris, Mark. “London, Ryoji Ikeda” Art Forum. Retrieved 2 February 2017. http://artforum.com/picks/id=52366 Holmes, Natalie. “Bending Waves of Sound and Light” New Scientist. 16 February 2012. https://www.newscientist.com/blogs/culturelab/2012/02/bending-waves-of-sound-and-light.html Zeppetelli, John. “Ryoji Ikeda: a survey” Domus. 26 October 2012. http://www.domusweb.it/en/art/2012/10/26/ryoji-ikeda-a-survey.html Budick, Ariella. “Intimacy on a grand scale” Financial Times. 27 May 2011. Mignon, Oliver. “Ryoji Ikeda Gallery Koyanagi” Art Forum. March 2011. Smith, Steve. “The Noises of Modern Life, Ending in a Bombardment” The New York Times. 12 September 2010 https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/13/arts/music/13fiaf.html?_r=0 Tcherepnin, Sergei. “Materialisations of the Immaterial” The Brooklyn Rail. 9 July 2009. www.brooklynrail.org/2009/07/music/materializations-of-the-immaterial References 1966 births Japanese contemporary artists Experimental composers Japanese classical composers Japanese male classical composers Living people Musicians from Gifu Prefecture Noise musicians Artists from Gifu Prefecture Japanese sound artists 20th-century Japanese male musicians Sub Rosa Records artists

<mask> (池田 亮司 Ikeda Ryōji, born 1966) is a Japanese visual and sound artist who currently lives and works in Paris, France. Ikeda's music is concerned primarily with sound in a variety of "raw" states, such as sine tones and noise, often using frequencies at the edges of the range of human hearing. The conclusion of his album +/- features just such a tone; of it, Ikeda says "a high frequency sound is used that the listener becomes aware of only upon its disappearance" (from the CD booklet). Rhythmically, <mask>'s music is highly imaginative, exploiting beat patterns and, at times, using a variety of discrete tones and noise to create the semblance of a drum machine. His work also encroaches on the world of ambient music; many tracks on his albums are concerned with slowly evolving soundscapes, with little or no sense of pulse. <mask> was born in Gifu, Gifu Prefecture, Japan in 1966. In addition to working as a solo artist, he has also collaborated with, among others, Carsten Nicolai (under the name "Cyclo.")and the art collective Dumb Type. His work matrix won the Golden Nica Award in 2001. In 2004, the dormant Saarinen-designed TWA Flight Center (now Jetblue Terminal 5) at JFK Airport briefly hosted an art exhibition called Terminal 5 curated by Rachel K. Ward and featuring the work of 18 artists including <mask>. The show featured work, lectures and temporary installations drawing inspiration from the idea of travel — and the terminal's architecture. The show was to run from October 1, 2004 to January 31, 2005 — though it closed abruptly after the building itself was vandalized during the opening party. In May – June 2011 a presentation of three of the artist's immersive audio/visual projects, The Transfinite, was exhibited at the Park Avenue Armory. In 2014, Ikeda was awarded the Prix Ars Electronica Collide@CERN 2014.As a result, he began his residency at CERN in July 2014 until 2015, during which he developed supersymmetry and micro | macro. <mask> was one of the artists, designers and architects presented in the group show Entangle / Physics and the Artistic Imagination (2018-11-16 - 2019-04-07) at Bildmuseet, Umeå University, Sweden. Discography Recordings 1000 fragments (cci recordings, 1995 & Raster-Noton, 2008) +/- (Touch, 1996) time and space (Staalplaat, 1998) 0 °C (Touch, 1998) Mort Aux Vaches (Mort Aux Vaches,1999 & 2002) 99: Variations For Modulated 440 Hz Sinewaves (Raster-Noton, 1999) matrix (Touch, 2000) . (with Carsten Nicolai as Cyclo. ; Raster-Noton, 2001) op. (Touch, 2002) dataplex (Raster-Noton, 2005) test pattern (Raster-Noton, 2008) dataphonics (Dis Voir, 2010) id (with Carsten Nicolai as Cyclo. ; Raster-Noton, 2011) supercodex (Raster-Noton, 2013) Live at White Cube (with Christian Marclay; The Vinyl Factory, White Cube, 2015) The Solar System (The Vinyl Factory, 2015) code name: A to Z (The Vinyl Factory, 2017) music for percussion (The Vinyl Factory, 2017) music for percussion (codex | edition, 2018) As Part of Dumb Type S/N (Newsic 1995) Teji Furuhashi / Dumb Type - 1985-1994 (Foil Records, 1996) OR (Foil Records, 1998) Memorandum (CCI Recordings, 2000) Compilations Preamble, Silence (Spiral, 1993) Radio-Range, Zone 3, Zone 4, Zone 1 & Preamble (For Silence), Document 02 - Sine (Dorobo, 1995) Untitled, Statics (cci recordings, 1995) Headphonics 1/1, Mesmer Variations (Ash International, 1995) Untitled 071295, A Fault in the Nothing (Ash International, 1996) What's Wrong, Test No.1 & Abstructures, Atomic Weight (Iridium, 1996) One Minute, Tulpas (Selektion, 1997) Headphonics 0/0, Touch Sampler 2 (Touch, 1997) Untitled, RRR 500 (RRRecords, 1998) Interference, Meme (Meme, 1998) Interference 001, Chill Out (Sabotage Recordings, 1998) [0(zero)degrees] Installation, Just About Now (V227, 1998) Interference 003, Modulation & Transformation 4 (Mille Plateaux, 1999) C ::Coda (For T.F. ), ONE :SOUND 001: 00:00-50:00 (One Percent, 1999) The Great American Broadcast, End ID (Digital Narcis Corporation,. ; gestalten, 2011) datamatics book (Charta, 2012) Ryoji Ikeda: micro | macro, 2015. Exhibition Catalogue. Abstract Video, The Moving Image In Contemporary Art 2015. University of California Press. Fairley, Gina.“Superposition: <mask> Ikeda” Visual Arts Hub. Retrieved 2 February 2017. http://visual.artshub.com.au/news-article/reviews/visual-arts/gina-fairley/superposition- ryoji-ikeda-249435 O’Hagan, Sean. “Spectra: The Dazzling Column of Light Over London” The Guardian. 5 August 2014. https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2014/aug/05/ryoji-ikeda-spectra-first-world- war-artangel Harris, Mark. “London, <mask> Ikeda” Art Forum. Retrieved 2 February 2017. http://artforum.com/picks/id=52366 Holmes, Natalie. “Bending Waves of Sound and Light” New Scientist.16 February 2012. https://www.newscientist.com/blogs/culturelab/2012/02/bending-waves-of-sound-and-light.html Zeppetelli, John. “<mask> Ikeda: a survey” Domus. 26 October 2012. http://www.domusweb.it/en/art/2012/10/26/ryoji-ikeda-a-survey.html Budick, Ariella. “Intimacy on a grand scale” Financial Times. 27 May 2011. Mignon, Oliver. “Ryoji Ikeda Gallery Koyanagi” Art Forum.March 2011. Smith, Steve. “The Noises of Modern Life, Ending in a Bombardment” The New York Times. 12 September 2010 https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/13/arts/music/13fiaf.html?_r=0 Tcherepnin, Sergei. “Materialisations of the Immaterial” The Brooklyn Rail. 9 July 2009. www.brooklynrail.org/2009/07/music/materializations-of-the-immaterial References 1966 births Japanese contemporary artists Experimental composers Japanese classical composers Japanese male classical composers Living people Musicians from Gifu Prefecture Noise musicians Artists from Gifu Prefecture Japanese sound artists 20th-century Japanese male musicians Sub Rosa Records artists

<mask> is a Japanese visual and sound artist who lives and works in Paris, France. <mask>'s music is concerned with sound in a variety of "raw" states, such as sine tones and noise, often using frequencies at the edges of the range of human hearing. A high frequency sound is used that the listener becomes aware of only upon its disappearance, according to the conclusion of his album. <mask>'s music is highly imaginative, exploiting beat patterns and using a variety of tones and noise to create the semblance of a drum machine. Many tracks on his albums are concerned with slowly evolving soundscapes, with little or no sense of pulse. <mask>a was born in 1966. He has worked as a solo artist and has also collaborated with other people.Dumb Type is an art collective. The Golden Nica Award was won by his work matrix. The TWA Flight Center at JFK Airport briefly hosted an art exhibition in 2004, featuring the work of 18 artists. The idea of travel and the terminal's architecture were inspiration for the work in the show. The show was to run from October 1, 2004, to January 31, 2005, but it closed abruptly after the building was vandalized during the opening party. Three of the artist's audio/visual projects were exhibited at the Park Avenue Armory. The Prix Ars Electronica Collide@CERN was awarded to Ikeda.He began his residency at CERN in July of 2014). The artists, designers and architects were presented in the group show at the Ume University in Sweden. The discs have 1000 fragments and time and space of 0 C. The person is as Cyclo. Raster-Noton had an op. The dataplex (Raster-Noton, 2002), test pattern (Raster-Noton, 2008), and dataphonics (Dis Voir, 2010) id. The Solar System is a code name for A to Z.One Minute, Tulpas, Headphonics 0/0, Touch Sampler 2, and Untitled, RRR 500 are Abstructures. One Percent, 1999 The Great American Broadcast, End ID. The datamatics book was written by <mask> Ikeda. There is an exhibition catalogue. The moving image is in contemporary art. The University of California Press. Gina Fairley.The visual arts hub has a story about <mask> Ikeda. 2 February 2017: http://visual.artshub.com.au/news-article/reviews/visual-arts/gina-fairley/superposition- ryoji-ikeda-249435 The column of light over London was called Spectra. The first-world war-artangel Harris was published on 5 August. The Art Forum is called London, <mask> Ikeda. The picks were published on 2 February. New Scientist says, "Bending Waves of Sound and Light."The Culturelab published "bending-waves-of-sound-and-light" on 16 February. Domus said, "<mask> Ikeda: a survey." The 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 888-666-1846 The Financial Times wrote about infidelity on a grand scale. 27 May 2011. Mignon and Oliver. The Art Forum has a gallery called "Ryoji Ikeda Gallery Koyanagi".March 2011. Smith, Steve. The New York Times wrote about the noise of modern life. The New York Times reported on Tcherepnin, Sergei, on September 12. The Brooklyn Rail is about materialisations of the Immaterial. The materializations of theimmaterial References 1966 births Japanese contemporary artists Experimental composers Japanese male classical composers Living people Musicians from Gifu Prefecture

32210112

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignjat%20Job

Ignjat Job

Ignjat "Ignjo" Job (; 28 March 1895 – 28 April 1936) was an important representative of colour expressionism in the art scene of Yugoslavia during the 1930s. Job's landscapes of Dalmatia are reminiscent of the style of Van Gogh. He is best known for his series of paintings inspired by life on the island of Brač. Job said that “the beneficial influence of the Brač landscape can be felt, the hot sun, blue sea, and green branches of olive trees swayed by the breath of the maestral”. His paintings depicted the Mediterranean landscape, motifs of the town of Supetar, fishing themes, and more rarely portraits and nudes. Life and career Ignjat Job was born in Dubrovnik on 28 March 1895. His family hailed from Udine, modern-day Italy, but came to identify first as Catholic Serbs and then as Croats; Job himself identified as a Serb. Job's father died when Job was 5 years old. He attended school in Dubrovnik until 1910. An important influence on his early intellectual and artistic development was his older brother Cvijeto (1892–1915), whose art studies in Belgrade and Munich came to an end when he went off to fight in the First World War for the Serbian Army. As an active supporter for independence from Austria-Hungary, the young Ignjat Job was arrested in 1912 along with other young nationalists and sentenced to one month in prison. In 1913, when Job was 18, his daughter, Marija, was born. Arrested again in 1914, he spent time in Šibenik prison, then removed to a mental hospital, thanks to good connections, until September 1916. Traumatic experiences from his two-year stay in the mental hospital oppressed Job in the years that followed, and left a mark on his work, most notably on Madmen in the Yard, a drawing thought to have been made between 1916 and 1919. In 1917 Job moved to Zagreb with his mother and younger brother Nikola, where he enrolled in the Arts and Crafts College (Viša škola za umjetnost i umjetni obrt). Job fell in love, and married Viktorija Oršić. After spending the summer in Dubrovnik and on Lopud, the couple moved back to Zagreb for the autumn. However, the relationship was not to last, and they divorced in 1920. In that same year, Job's mother died, and due to irregular attendance, he lost his place at college. The family fortune had been used up in enforced war loans, the purchase of the flat in Zagreb, and the education of the children. Job now found himself dependent on the goodwill of friends, and increasingly prone to bouts of depression and ill-health. In December 1920, Job went to Italy, visiting Rome, Naples and Capri. Travelling back through Dubrovnik and Zagreb, he went on to Belgrade, spending time there with local modernist artists - most notably Petar Dobrović. There also, in 1923, Job met and married his second wife, Živka Cvetković, and their daughter Cvijeta was born in the summer of 1924. In the spring of 1925 Job was diagnosed with tuberculosis, and spent the summer being treated at Ovčar-Kablar Gorge, after which the family moved to the village of Kulina, near Kruševac. There he painted his memories of the coast, mostly on small panels. Job converted to Orthodox Christianity and married his second wife in the Church of Saint Sava in Belgrade. Job's son Rastko, named after his godfather the writer Rastko Petrović, was born in October 1925. He soon fell ill and died in March of the following year. The death of his infant son left a deep impression on Job's mental and emotional state. In the summer of 1927 the family moved to Vodice, near Šibenik, and from 1928 they lived in Supetar on the island of Brač. There, Job embarked on the most creative time of his artistic career, and his style began to resemble that of Van Gogh. Job's focus was on recording the impulse of his personal feelings, and strong expressiveness became a feature of his work. The following year, 1929, he held his first solo exhibition in Split, which was well received by public and critics alike. By his next solo exhibition at the Salon Galić in Split, Job's style had developed more toward expressionism. Between 1934 and 1935, Job lived in Belgrade and Zagreb, then returned to Supetar. He died of tuberculosis in a Zagreb clinic on 28 April 1936. Style Ignjat Job's best, most creative and expressive work was produced in a very short period of time. In the early 1920s, his painting still shows the influence of the Spring Salon, with rounded forms in more muted colours. However, inspired by the scenes of his native Dalmatia, and driven by his own personal demons, Job went on to become one of the most expressive painters in the Croatian modern art scene of the 1920s and 30s. In his later works he demonstrated fauvism techniques and strong, expressive use of colour. Job saw landscape as a symbol, and used colour as an expression of his emotions, his personal experience of life and his reaction to the environment and its native people. His art was grounded in the earthy island lifestyle, and he pursued his own personal vision. As the critic Igor Zidić says "All of the content in Job's work, from 1928 to his death, are locally and regionally marked, always concrete, borrowed from the real world and the little towns of Dalmatia in which he scrimped and lived, full of ambiental tone and colour, melodies, events and figures... He was a careful observer, with a lot of sense for humour, for the comic and tragicomic, for the mad, the ridiculous, the fantastic and the drunk." Legacy Job's works have been included in the anthologies of Croatian, Serbian, and Yugoslav art. Works Images of Ignjat Job's paintings can be seen online at the Adris Group website, Arte Galerija, Galerija Remek-Djela and Branislav Dešković Gallery in Bol. Santa Maria, 1921 Coastal Village (Primorsko selo), 1925 Mountain Landscape (Planinski pejzaž), 1927 Fish Market (Riblja Piaca), 1927 Prayer (Molitva), 1927-8 Self-portrait with Hat (Autoportret sa šeširom), 1928-9 My House in Supetar (Moj dom u Supetru), 1929 Madmen (Ludaci), 1929 Mr. Bepo (Šjor Bepo), 1929 Fields (Polje), 1930 Village (Selo), 1930 Landscape (Pejzaž), 1930 After Harvest (Poslije berbe), 1930 Landscape with the Artist's House (Pejzaž sa umetnikovim domom), 1930 Minčeta with Palm (Minčeta s palmom), 1931 Self-portrait (Autoportret), 1931 Landscape Through Pines and Olives (Pejzaž kroz bore i maslina), 1931 Innocent (Bezazleni), 1931 Female Nude (Ženski akt), 1931 Portrait of Liza Križanić (Portret Lize Križanić), 1931 Landscape with House (Pejzaž s kućom), 1932 Landscape with Church (Pejzaž s crkvom), 1932 Grouper (Škarpina), 1932 House Beneath the Hill (Kuća pod bregom), 1932 Fighting in the Bar (Tučnjava u gostionici), 1932 On the Terrace (Na terasi), 1932 Courtyard (Dvorište), 1932 Return from the Harvest (Povratak s berbe), 1932-3 Gripe, 1933-4 Vela Glavica I, 1933 Vela Glavica II, 1933 Sunday (Nedelja), 1933 Primorski Landscape (Pines) (Primorski pejzaž (Borovi)), 1933 Courtyard with Flowers (Dvorište sa cvećem), 1934 Reclining Nude (Ležeći akt), 1934 Fishermen Before the Storm (Ribari pred oluju), 1934 Landscape (Pejzaž), 1935 Sea and Trees (More i borovi), 1935 Inn (Krčma), 1935 Wine Pressing (Turnanje vina), 1935 Olives I (Masline I), 1935 Stone Table (Kameni stol), 1935 Exhibitions During his lifetime, Ignjat Job held exhibitions of his work in Split, Zagreb and Belgrade. Solo exhibitions Recent exhibitions of his work include: 2007 Adris Gallery 1997 Ignjat Job, Art Pavilion in Zagreb 2013, National Museum of Serbia Group exhibitions 2009 100 Godina Srpske Umetnosti, National Museum, Belgrade 2007 and 2008 From the holdings of the museum - Museum of Modern Art Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik Public collections His work can be found in the following public collections: Croatia Modern Gallery, Zagreb, Croatia Gallery of Fine Arts, Split Gallery of Fine Arts, Zadar Galerija umjetnina Branislav Dešković, Bol, island of Brač, Croatia Museum of Modern Art Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik Serbia Pavle Beljanski Memorial Collection, Novi Sad Museum of Contemporary Art (Muzej Savremene Umetnosti), Belgrade National Museum of Serbia Parliament of Serbia Belgrade City Museum Gallery See also Marko Murat References Notes Bibliography External links 1895 births 1936 deaths Yugoslav painters 20th-century Serbian painters Croatian landscape painters People from Dubrovnik People from the Kingdom of Dalmatia 20th-century deaths from tuberculosis Burials at Mirogoj Cemetery 20th-century Croatian painters Serbian male painters Croatian male painters Tuberculosis deaths in Croatia Serbs of Croatia

<mask> "Ignjo" <mask> (; 28 March 1895 – 28 April 1936) was an important representative of colour expressionism in the art scene of Yugoslavia during the 1930s. <mask>'s landscapes of Dalmatia are reminiscent of the style of Van Gogh. He is best known for his series of paintings inspired by life on the island of Brač. <mask> said that “the beneficial influence of the Brač landscape can be felt, the hot sun, blue sea, and green branches of olive trees swayed by the breath of the maestral”. His paintings depicted the Mediterranean landscape, motifs of the town of Supetar, fishing themes, and more rarely portraits and nudes. Life and career <mask> was born in Dubrovnik on 28 March 1895. His family hailed from Udine, modern-day Italy, but came to identify first as Catholic Serbs and then as Croats; <mask> himself identified as a Serb.<mask>'s father died when <mask> was 5 years old. He attended school in Dubrovnik until 1910. An important influence on his early intellectual and artistic development was his older brother Cvijeto (1892–1915), whose art studies in Belgrade and Munich came to an end when he went off to fight in the First World War for the Serbian Army. As an active supporter for independence from Austria-Hungary, the young <mask> <mask> was arrested in 1912 along with other young nationalists and sentenced to one month in prison. In 1913, when <mask> was 18, his daughter, Marija, was born. Arrested again in 1914, he spent time in Šibenik prison, then removed to a mental hospital, thanks to good connections, until September 1916. Traumatic experiences from his two-year stay in the mental hospital oppressed <mask> in the years that followed, and left a mark on his work, most notably on Madmen in the Yard, a drawing thought to have been made between 1916 and 1919.In 1917 <mask> moved to Zagreb with his mother and younger brother Nikola, where he enrolled in the Arts and Crafts College (Viša škola za umjetnost i umjetni obrt). <mask> fell in love, and married Viktorija Oršić. After spending the summer in Dubrovnik and on Lopud, the couple moved back to Zagreb for the autumn. However, the relationship was not to last, and they divorced in 1920. In that same year, <mask>'s mother died, and due to irregular attendance, he lost his place at college. The family fortune had been used up in enforced war loans, the purchase of the flat in Zagreb, and the education of the children. <mask> now found himself dependent on the goodwill of friends, and increasingly prone to bouts of depression and ill-health.In December 1920, <mask> went to Italy, visiting Rome, Naples and Capri. Travelling back through Dubrovnik and Zagreb, he went on to Belgrade, spending time there with local modernist artists - most notably Petar Dobrović. There also, in 1923, <mask> met and married his second wife, Živka Cvetković, and their daughter Cvijeta was born in the summer of 1924. In the spring of 1925 <mask> was diagnosed with tuberculosis, and spent the summer being treated at Ovčar-Kablar Gorge, after which the family moved to the village of Kulina, near Kruševac. There he painted his memories of the coast, mostly on small panels. <mask> converted to Orthodox Christianity and married his second wife in the Church of Saint Sava in Belgrade. <mask>'s son Rastko, named after his godfather the writer Rastko Petrović, was born in October 1925.He soon fell ill and died in March of the following year. The death of his infant son left a deep impression on <mask>'s mental and emotional state. In the summer of 1927 the family moved to Vodice, near Šibenik, and from 1928 they lived in Supetar on the island of Brač. There, <mask> embarked on the most creative time of his artistic career, and his style began to resemble that of Van Gogh. <mask>'s focus was on recording the impulse of his personal feelings, and strong expressiveness became a feature of his work. The following year, 1929, he held his first solo exhibition in Split, which was well received by public and critics alike. By his next solo exhibition at the Salon Galić in Split, <mask>'s style had developed more toward expressionism.Between 1934 and 1935, <mask> lived in Belgrade and Zagreb, then returned to Supetar. He died of tuberculosis in a Zagreb clinic on 28 April 1936. Style Ignjat <mask>'s best, most creative and expressive work was produced in a very short period of time. In the early 1920s, his painting still shows the influence of the Spring Salon, with rounded forms in more muted colours. However, inspired by the scenes of his native Dalmatia, and driven by his own personal demons, <mask> went on to become one of the most expressive painters in the Croatian modern art scene of the 1920s and 30s. In his later works he demonstrated fauvism techniques and strong, expressive use of colour. <mask> saw landscape as a symbol, and used colour as an expression of his emotions, his personal experience of life and his reaction to the environment and its native people.His art was grounded in the earthy island lifestyle, and he pursued his own personal vision. As the critic Igor Zidić says "All of the content in <mask>'s work, from 1928 to his death, are locally and regionally marked, always concrete, borrowed from the real world and the little towns of Dalmatia in which he scrimped and lived, full of ambiental tone and colour, melodies, events and figures... He was a careful observer, with a lot of sense for humour, for the comic and tragicomic, for the mad, the ridiculous, the fantastic and the drunk." <mask>'s works have been included in the anthologies of Croatian, Serbian, and Yugoslav art. Works Images of Ignjat <mask>'s paintings can be seen online at the Adris Group website, Arte Galerija, Galerija Remek-Djela and Branislav Dešković Gallery in Bol. Solo exhibitions Recent exhibitions of his work include: 2007 Adris Gallery 1997 Ignjat <mask>, Art Pavilion in Zagreb 2013, National Museum of Serbia Group exhibitions 2009 100 Godina Srpske Umetnosti, National Museum, Belgrade 2007 and 2008 From the holdings of the museum - Museum of Modern Art Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik Public collections His work can be found in the following public collections: Croatia Modern Gallery, Zagreb, Croatia Gallery of Fine Arts, Split Gallery of Fine Arts, Zadar Galerija umjetnina Branislav Dešković, Bol, island of Brač, Croatia Museum of Modern Art Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik Serbia Pavle Beljanski Memorial Collection, Novi Sad Museum of Contemporary Art (Muzej Savremene Umetnosti), Belgrade National Museum of Serbia Parliament of Serbia Belgrade City Museum Gallery See also Marko Murat References Notes Bibliography External links 1895 births 1936 deaths Yugoslav painters 20th-century Serbian painters Croatian landscape painters People from Dubrovnik People from the Kingdom of Dalmatia 20th-century deaths from tuberculosis Burials at Mirogoj Cemetery 20th-century Croatian painters Serbian male painters Croatian male painters Tuberculosis deaths in Croatia Serbs of Croatia

<mask> "Ignjo" <mask> was an important representative of colour expressionism in the art scene of Yugoslavia during the 1930s. The style of <mask>'s landscapes is similar to that of Van Gogh. His paintings are inspired by life on the island of Bra. The hot sun, blue sea, and green branches of olive trees swayed by the breath of the maestral can be felt in the Bra landscape. His paintings depict the Mediterranean landscape, motifs of the town of Supetar, fishing themes, and more rarely portraits and nudes. The life and career <mask> was born in 1895. <mask> identified as a Serb after his family came to identify as Catholic Serbs and then as Croats.<mask>'s father died when he was young. He attended school in the early 20th century. His older brother Cvijeto, who went off to fight in the First World War for the Serbian Army, was an important influence on his intellectual and artistic development. <mask> <mask> was sentenced to one month in prison in 1912 for being an active supporter of independence from Austria-Hungary. <mask>'s daughter, Marija, was born in 1913. He spent time in ibenik prison and a mental hospital after being arrested again in 1914. <mask>'s two-year stay in the mental hospital left a mark on his work, most notably on Madmen in the Yard, a drawing thought to have been made between 1916 and 1919.<mask> attended the Arts and Crafts College in Zagreb after moving there with his mother and brother. <mask> and Viktorija Ori were married. After spending the summer in Zagreb, the couple moved back to the city for the autumn. The relationship did not last and they divorced in 1920. <mask> lost his place in college due to irregular attendance after his mother died. The family fortune was used for war loans, the purchase of a flat in Zagreb, and the education of the children. <mask> became dependent on his friends and was prone to bouts of depression and ill-health.<mask> went to Italy in December of 1920. He spent time in Belgrade with local artists, most notably Petar Dobrovi. <mask> met and married his second wife, ivka Cvetkovi, in 1923, and their daughter was born in the summer of 1924. After <mask> was diagnosed with Tuberculosis in the spring of 1925, the family moved to the village of Kulina, near Kruevac. He painted his memories of the coast on small panels. <mask> married his second wife in the Church of Saint Sava in Belgrade after converting to Orthodox Christianity. <mask>'s son, named after the writer, was born in October 1925.He died in March of the following year after falling ill. <mask>'s mental and emotional state was affected by the death of his infant son. The family lived in Supetar on the island of Bra from 1928 to 1927. <mask>'s style began to resemble that of Van Gogh as he embarked on the most creative time of his artistic career. Strong expressiveness became a feature of <mask>'s work as he focused on recording the impulse of his personal feelings. He held his first solo exhibition in Split in 1929, which was well received by the public and critics. <mask>'s style became more expressionism by his next solo exhibition.Between 1934 and 1935, <mask> lived in Belgrade and Zagreb. He died of Tuberculosis in a Zagreb clinic. Style <mask> <mask>'s best work was produced in a short period of time. The Spring Salon influenced his painting in the early 1920s, with rounded forms in more subdued colors. <mask> went on to become one of the most representational painters in the Croatian modern art scene of the 1920s and 30s, because of the scenes of his native Dalmatia. He showed fauvism techniques and strong use of colour in his later works. <mask> used colour as an expression of his emotions, his personal experience of life and his reaction to the environment.He pursued his own vision and his art was based on the island lifestyle. <mask>'s work from 1928 to his death is always concrete, borrowed from the real world and the small towns in which he lived. He was a careful observer, with a lot of sense for humor, for the comic and tragicomic, for the mad, the ridiculous, and the drunk. There is an anthology of Croatian, Serbian, and Yugoslav art. Works Images of Ignjat <mask>'s paintings can be seen on the website of the Adris Group. The National Museum of Serbia Group exhibitions include 100 Godina Srpske Umetnosti, 2007, and 2008 from the holdings of the museum.

2190342

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheryl%20Lynn

Cheryl Lynn

Cheryl Lynn (born Lynda Cheryl Smith; March 11, 1957) is an American singer. She is best known for her songs during the late 1970s through the mid-1980s, including the 1978 R&B/disco song "Got to Be Real". Lynn's singing career began with her church choir when she was a girl. Her professional singing career started in 1976 when she obtained a job as a backing vocalist for the national touring company of the musical drama The Wiz. Eventually, she obtained the role of Evillene, the Wicked Witch of the West, during the six-month national tour. Prior to her appearance in The Wiz, Lynn taped an episode of The Gong Show during early 1976, performing Joe Cocker's "You Are So Beautiful". The judges - Della Reese, Avery Schreiber, and Jamie Farr - gave her a collective score of 21; a previous act (a singing juggler) had also scored 21, and in the audience applause tie-break the juggler was deemed the winner. For years the urban legend has persisted that Cheryl scored a perfect 30, but a recently posted clip on YouTube shows this not to be the case. After the episode was broadcast, during the fall of 1976, record industry executives were interested in contracting her. Career 1976–85: Columbia Records years After her performance on The Gong Show, Ahmed Ertegun of Atlantic Records company could not come to an initial meeting with Lynn, with the result that she was contracted with Columbia Records. She released her first and best-known song, "Got to Be Real," which was composed by Lynn along with keyboardist David Paich (of the band Toto) and David Foster. The song peaked at No. 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 record chart and No. 1 on the Rhythm & Blues chart. The success of the single prompted her debut album, Cheryl Lynn, which was produced by Paich and Marty Paich. It sold more than a million copies and scored No. 5 on Billboard magazines R&B albums chart and No. 23 on the Billboard 200. The next single from the album, written by Judy Wieder and John Footman, "Star Love", also became a top selling success. Wieder and Footman joined songwriting forces with the artist for her second album, In Love. The first single, "I've Got Just What You Need", was a moderate hit on the R&B chart. The follow-up single, "Keep It Hot", was a club hit. During this time, members of the rock music group Toto were producing their debut album. During the production Lynn was asked to provide the female backing vocal for one of the album's singles, "Georgy Porgy". The single scored No. 48 on Billboard'''s popular music chart. Although Toto would go on to chart more than a dozen pop and rock songs throughout the years, Lynn's vocal was credited for the group's charting their only R&B (No. 18) and dance (No. 80) hit on the Billboard chart. In 1981, Ray Parker Jr. was called in to produced Lynn's third album, In the Night. It featured the major dance & R&B single, "Shake It Up, Tonight". The next year, Luther Vandross was asked to produce Lynn's fourth album, Instant Love. The second single from the album, "If This World Were Mine", a 1982 duet with Vandross that was a cover version of a previous Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell song. For her fifth album, Preppie, Lynn produced most of the tracks, with the exception of the single "Encore", which was written and produced by the Minneapolis funk music duo, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. It became Lynn's second No. 1 single on the R&B charts. Soundtracks Lynn also recorded soundtracks for a few feature films, including a song written by Michael Bolton entitled "At Last You're Mine" for the 1985 film Heavenly Bodies, and the track "Steppin' Into the Night" for the 1986 feature film Armed and Dangerous. The song and the film's soundtrack were produced by Maurice White. 1987–98: Whatever It Takes, Good Time and The Real Thing In 1989, Lynn released the top 10 single "Every Time I Try to Say Goodbye", from her eighth album, Whatever It Takes. She began the 1990s without a record contract. She did mostly session work for Richard Marx albums, Rush Street and Paid Vacation as well as Luther Vandross' Your Secret Love album. During 1995, after a six-year hiatus from recording her own material, Lynn teamed with producer/songwriter Teddy Riley (formerly of the new jack swing music group Guy), to record her ninth album, Good Time. It was released in Japan and the United Kingdom, and later in the United States as an imported CD. It featured the nightclub favorite single album "Guarantee for My Heart". In 1996, Sony Records/Legacy released Got to Be Real – The Best of Cheryl Lynn, which included Lynn's most successful recordings from her years with Columbia Records. This was followed soon by another compilation CD, The Real Thing, which featured other recordings from Lynn's first six albums. Two years later she performed on HBO's Sinbad's Summer Soul Jam 4 (1998), hosted by comedian Sinbad. Later career During the new millennium, Lynn toured Japan and did an occasional gig in the US, performing at charity events in her hometown of Los Angeles. In 2000 she worked with hip-hop musician Jay Supreme on his single "Your Love (Encore)", which was an update of "Encore." She performed on ABC's The Disco Ball... A 30-Year Celebration, broadcast during January 2003. In 2004, she recorded the song "Sweet Kind of Life," which was also written and produced by Jam & Lewis, for the soundtrack to Shark Tale. In 2005, Lynn's song "Got to Be Real" was inducted into the Dance Music Hall of Fame. On May 23, 2006, Collectables Record Label re-released her 1981 album In the Night and 1982's Instant Love, in twin CD package form. It was the first time ever that either album was released as a CD in the US. Lynn is considered an influence on some of today's R&B female singers, including Mary J. Blige, who, along with Will Smith, covered Lynn's song ("Got to Be Real"). Japanese popular music singer Kumi Koda covered the song for her July 2010 single album Gossip Candy. In April 2010, "Got to Be Real" charted for the first time in the UK, peaking at number 70. Discography Studio albums Compilation albumsGot to Be Real: The Best of Cheryl Lynn'' (1996, Legacy/Columbia) Singles As featured performer See also List of 1970s one-hit wonders in the United States References External links Cheryl Lynn at Soul Legends Cheryl Lynn at MySpace 1957 births Living people 20th-century African-American women singers American expatriates in Japan American women pop singers American soul singers American disco singers American boogie musicians Singers from Los Angeles Virgin Records artists Columbia Records artists American rhythm and blues singers Contestants on American game shows 21st-century African-American people 21st-century African-American women

<mask> (born <mask>; March 11, 1957) is an American singer. She is best known for her songs during the late 1970s through the mid-1980s, including the 1978 R&B/disco song "Got to Be Real". <mask>'s singing career began with her church choir when she was a girl. Her professional singing career started in 1976 when she obtained a job as a backing vocalist for the national touring company of the musical drama The Wiz. Eventually, she obtained the role of Evillene, the Wicked Witch of the West, during the six-month national tour. Prior to her appearance in The Wiz, <mask> taped an episode of The Gong Show during early 1976, performing Joe Cocker's "You Are So Beautiful". The judges - Della Reese, Avery Schreiber, and Jamie Farr - gave her a collective score of 21; a previous act (a singing juggler) had also scored 21, and in the audience applause tie-break the juggler was deemed the winner.For years the urban legend has persisted that <mask> scored a perfect 30, but a recently posted clip on YouTube shows this not to be the case. After the episode was broadcast, during the fall of 1976, record industry executives were interested in contracting her. Career 1976–85: Columbia Records years After her performance on The Gong Show, Ahmed Ertegun of Atlantic Records company could not come to an initial meeting with <mask>, with the result that she was contracted with Columbia Records. She released her first and best-known song, "Got to Be Real," which was composed by <mask> along with keyboardist David Paich (of the band Toto) and David Foster. The song peaked at No. 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 record chart and No. 1 on the Rhythm & Blues chart.The success of the single prompted her debut album, <mask>, which was produced by Paich and Marty Paich. It sold more than a million copies and scored No. 5 on Billboard magazines R&B albums chart and No. 23 on the Billboard 200. The next single from the album, written by Judy Wieder and John Footman, "Star Love", also became a top selling success. Wieder and Footman joined songwriting forces with the artist for her second album, In Love. The first single, "I've Got Just What You Need", was a moderate hit on the R&B chart.The follow-up single, "Keep It Hot", was a club hit. During this time, members of the rock music group Toto were producing their debut album. During the production <mask> was asked to provide the female backing vocal for one of the album's singles, "Georgy Porgy". The single scored No. 48 on Billboard'''s popular music chart. Although Toto would go on to chart more than a dozen pop and rock songs throughout the years, <mask>'s vocal was credited for the group's charting their only R&B (No. 18) and dance (No.80) hit on the Billboard chart. In 1981, Ray Parker Jr. was called in to produced <mask>'s third album, In the Night. It featured the major dance & R&B single, "Shake It Up, Tonight". The next year, Luther Vandross was asked to produce <mask>'s fourth album, Instant Love. The second single from the album, "If This World Were Mine", a 1982 duet with Vandross that was a cover version of a previous Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell song. For her fifth album, Preppie, <mask> produced most of the tracks, with the exception of the single "Encore", which was written and produced by the Minneapolis funk music duo, Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. It became <mask>'s second No.1 single on the R&B charts. Soundtracks <mask> also recorded soundtracks for a few feature films, including a song written by Michael Bolton entitled "At Last You're Mine" for the 1985 film Heavenly Bodies, and the track "Steppin' Into the Night" for the 1986 feature film Armed and Dangerous. The song and the film's soundtrack were produced by Maurice White. 1987–98: Whatever It Takes, Good Time and The Real Thing In 1989, <mask> released the top 10 single "Every Time I Try to Say Goodbye", from her eighth album, Whatever It Takes. She began the 1990s without a record contract. She did mostly session work for Richard Marx albums, Rush Street and Paid Vacation as well as Luther Vandross' Your Secret Love album. During 1995, after a six-year hiatus from recording her own material, <mask> teamed with producer/songwriter Teddy Riley (formerly of the new jack swing music group Guy), to record her ninth album, Good Time.It was released in Japan and the United Kingdom, and later in the United States as an imported CD. It featured the nightclub favorite single album "Guarantee for My Heart". In 1996, Sony Records/Legacy released Got to Be Real – The Best of <mask>, which included <mask>'s most successful recordings from her years with Columbia Records. This was followed soon by another compilation CD, The Real Thing, which featured other recordings from <mask>'s first six albums. Two years later she performed on HBO's Sinbad's Summer Soul Jam 4 (1998), hosted by comedian Sinbad. Later career During the new millennium, <mask> toured Japan and did an occasional gig in the US, performing at charity events in her hometown of Los Angeles. In 2000 she worked with hip-hop musician Jay Supreme on his single "Your Love (Encore)", which was an update of "Encore."She performed on ABC's The Disco Ball... A 30-Year Celebration, broadcast during January 2003. In 2004, she recorded the song "Sweet Kind of Life," which was also written and produced by Jam & Lewis, for the soundtrack to Shark Tale. In 2005, <mask>'s song "Got to Be Real" was inducted into the Dance Music Hall of Fame. On May 23, 2006, Collectables Record Label re-released her 1981 album In the Night and 1982's Instant Love, in twin CD package form. It was the first time ever that either album was released as a CD in the US. <mask> is considered an influence on some of today's R&B female singers, including Mary J. Blige, who, along with Will Smith, covered <mask>'s song ("Got to Be Real"). Japanese popular music singer Kumi Koda covered the song for her July 2010 single album Gossip Candy.In April 2010, "Got to Be Real" charted for the first time in the UK, peaking at number 70. Discography Studio albums Compilation albumsGot to Be Real: The Best of <mask>'' (1996, Legacy/Columbia) Singles As featured performer See also List of 1970s one-hit wonders in the United States References External links <mask> at Soul Legends <mask> at MySpace 1957 births Living people 20th-century African-American women singers American expatriates in Japan American women pop singers American soul singers American disco singers American boogie musicians Singers from Los Angeles Virgin Records artists Columbia Records artists American rhythm and blues singers Contestants on American game shows 21st-century African-American people 21st-century African-American women

<mask> was born in 1957 and is an American singer. She is best known for her songs from the late 1970s to the mid 1980s, including the 1978 R&B/disco song "Got to Be Real". <mask>'s singing career began when she was a child. She began her singing career in 1976 as a backing vocalist for the national touring company of the musical drama The Wiz. She played the role of Evillene on the national tour. <mask> performed Joe Cocker's "You Are So Beautiful" on an episode of The Gong Show. The judges gave her a collective score of 21; a previous act had also scored 21, and in the audience tie-break the juggler was deemed the winner.The urban legend that <mask> scored a perfect 30 has persisted for years, but a recently posted clip on YouTube shows this not to be the case. During the fall of 1976, record industry executives were interested in contracting her. After her performance on The Gong Show, Ahmed Ertegun of Atlantic Records company could not come to an initial meeting with <mask>, which resulted in her being contracted with Columbia Records. She released her first and best-known song, "Got to Be Real," which was composed by <mask> along with keyboardist David Paich and David Foster. The song reached the top of the charts. 12 was on the Hot 100 record chart. The Rhythm & Blues chart has 1 on it.Her debut album, <mask>, was produced by Paich and Marty Paich. It sold more than a million copies. 5 on the R&B albums chart. There is a song on the billboard 200. "Star Love", the next single from the album, became a top selling success. The artist's second album, In Love, was written by Wieder and Footman. "I've Got Just What You Need" was a moderate hit on the R&B chart."Keep It Hot" was a club hit. The members of the rock music group were making their debut album. <mask> was asked to provide the female backing vocal for a song on the album. No. was the score of the single. 48 on the popular music chart. <mask>'s vocal was credited for the group's only R&B song, which would go on to chart more than a dozen pop and rock songs throughout the years. You can also dance (No. 18).The song hit on the chart. <mask>'s third album, In the Night, was produced by Ray Parker Jr. "Shake It Up, Tonight" is a major dance and R&B song. Instant Love was produced by Luther Vandross. "If This World Were Mine" was the second single from the album and was a duet with Vandross. <mask> produced most of the tracks, with the exception of the single "Encore", which was written and produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. It was <mask>'s second No.There is a single on the R&B charts. "At Last You're Mine" and "Steppin' Into the Night" were written for the 1985 film "Heavenly Bodies" and the 1986 film "Armed and Dangerous", respectively. Maurice White produced the film's soundtrack. <mask>'s eighth album, Whatever It Takes, contained the top 10 single "Every Time I Try to Say Goodbye". She did not have a record contract in the 1990s. She did a lot of session work for albums by Richard Marx and Luther Vandross. <mask> collaborated with Teddy Riley, formerly of the new jack swing music group Guy, to record her ninth album, Good Time, after a six-year hiatus from recording her own material.It was released in Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. "Guarantee for My Heart" was the nightclub's favorite single. In 1996, Sony Records/Legacy released Got to Be Real - The Best of <mask>, which included <mask>'s most successful recordings from her years with Columbia Records. The Real Thing featured other recordings from <mask>'s first six albums. She performed on Sinbad's Summer Soul Jam 4 in 1998. During the new millennium, <mask> toured Japan and did an occasional gig in the US, performing at charity events in her hometown of Los Angeles. She worked with Jay Supreme on a song called "Your Love (Encore)".She performed on The Disco Ball. She recorded the song "Sweet Kind of Life" in 2004, which was written and produced by Jam & Lewis. In 2005, <mask>'s song "Got to Be Real" was accepted into the Dance Music Hall of Fame. In the Night and Instant Love were re-released on May 23, 2006 by Collectables Record Label. Both albums were released as a CD in the US for the first time. <mask>'s song "Got to Be Real" was covered by Will Smith and Mary J. Blige. Kumi Koda covered the song on her album Gossip Candy."Got to Be Real" was the first UK song to reach number 70. You can find a list of 1970s one-hit wonders in the United States.

37096445

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolf%20Hoppe

Rolf Hoppe

Rolf Hoppe (6 December 1930 – 14 November 2018) was a prolific German stage, cinema, and television actor, who played in more than 400 films in a career which spanned over six decades. To international audiences Hoppe is perhaps best known for his roles in the Oscar-winning Mephisto (1981) and as the King in the East-German–Czechoslovakian Holiday classic Three Gifts for Cinderella (1973). Early life Hoppe was born the son of a master baker in Ellrich, Thuringia, Germany. After his apprenticeship as a baker, he worked from 1945 to 1948 as a coach driver. Career Hoppe moved to Erfurt where he began formal training as an actor at the Staatliches Konservatorium from 1949 to 1951, during which time he supported himself by working as an animal handler at the Zircus Aeros. He later performed at Thalia Theater in Halle (Saale) and at the Young World Theatre in Leipzig. His stage performances included such notable venues as the Staatsschauspiel Dresden, the Deutsches Theater in Berlin, and the Salzburg Festival. Internationally, he worked in Switzerland, Italy, Poland and China. In the East German DEFA movies, Hoppe often played villains, frequently in different Osterns. One of his most notable roles was that of the Tábornagy (Hermann Göring) in Mephisto, which was awarded the 1981 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. In addition to numerous appearances in feature films and television productions, Hoppe also worked as a voice-artist in children's radio plays and audio-books, such as the German version of Alice in Wonderland where he provided the voice of the White Rabbit. Private life and death Hoppe died 14 November 2018 in Dresden, where he lived in the suburb of Weißig. He was interred in the Waldfriedhof Weisser Hirsch (cemetery), Dresden; and survived by his wife Friederike with whom he had two daughters: Josephine and Christine Hoppe, the latter who is also an actress. His grandson Oscar Hoppe is an actor as well. Selected filmography 1963: Jetzt und in der Stunde meines Todes as Portier 1965: Solange Leben in mir ist as Abgeordneter 1965: Die besten Jahre as Lehrer Klein 1965: Der Frühling braucht Zeit as Rudi Wiesen 1965: as Lehrer Eiffler 1966: Fräulein Schmetterling as Himmelblau 1967: Frau Venus und ihr Teufel as Siegfried 1968: I Was Nineteen as Major Behring 1968: Die Nacht im Grenzwald as Bennigsen 1968: Spur des Falken as Bashan 1968: Hauptmann Florian von der Mühle as Polizeidirektor 1968: Mohr und die Raben von London as Bankier 1968–1970: Ich – Axel Cäsar Springer (TV series) 1969: Lebende Ware as Grabau 1969: Jungfer, Sie gefällt mir as Reitender Bote 1969: Nebelnacht as Herr Kranepuhl 1969: Weiße Wölfe as James Bashan 1970: Tödlicher Irrtum as Allison 1970: Jeder stirbt für sich allein (TV Mini-Series) 1971: Männer ohne Bart as Gangster 1971: Goya or the Hard Way to Enlightenment as Karl IV 1971–1973: Die Brüder Lautensack (TV miniseries) 1972: Leichensache Zernik as Werner W. Bergmann 1972: Ukradená bitva (Die gestohlene Schlacht) as Josef Barody 1972: Eolomea as Prof. Oli Tal 1973: Das zweite Leben des Friedrich Wilhelm Georg Platow as Dr. Hoppe 1973: Apachen as Captain Burton 1973: Susanne und der Zauberring as Schleusenwärter 1973: Die Hosen des Ritters von Bredow as Ritter Götz von Bredow 1973: Tři oříšky pro Popelku (Drei Haselnüsse für Aschenbrödel) as King 1973: Die Zwillinge (TV Movie) as Generaldirektor Beißer 1974: Orpheus in der Unterwelt as Jupiter 1974: Leben mit Uwe as Dr. Bohnsack 1974: Der nackte Mann auf dem Sportplatz as Tautz 1974: Für die Liebe noch zu mager as Onkel Carlo 1974: Ulzana as Captain Burton 1974: Wie füttert man einen Esel as Otto-Ernst Schuster 1974: Hans Röckle und der Teufel as Meister Hans Röckle 1974: Johannes Kepler as Emperor Rudolf II. 1974: as Shorty 1975: Between Day and Night 1975: Die Bösewichter müssen dran as Christian 1975: Ikarus as Brigadier 1975–1996: Polizeiruf 110: Die Rechnung geht nicht auf (TV Series) as Goertz / Hopfer / Paul Kramer 1976: Daniel Druskat (TV Mini-Series) as Herr Mühlstädt 1976: Das Licht auf dem Galgen as Pfarrer Clark 1976: Unser stiller Mann as Schuster 1976: Beethoven – Tage aus einem Leben as Ignaz Schuppanzigh 1977: Zur See (TV Series) as Havarie-Kapitän Topf 1977: Unterwegs nach Atlantis as Alexander Grey 1977: Die Flucht as Der Runde 1977–1979: Das unsichtbare Visier (TV Series) 1978: Jörg Ratgeb – Maler as Gaukler 1978: Sabine Wulff as Professor 1978: Fleur Lafontaine as Bullklein 1978: Volpone (TV Movie) as Volpone 1978: Ein Sonntagskind, das manchmal spinnt as Lehrer Schütterow 1979: Schatzsucher as Blinder 1980: Komödianten-Emil as Kommissar 1980: Yunost Petra 1980: Levins Mühle as Froese 1980: Heute abend und morgen früh 1981: Mephisto as Tábornagy 1981: Pugowitza as Hopf 1981: Feuerdrachen (TV Series) as Solka 1982: Rächer, Retter und Rapiere (TV Series) as Heinrich von Müffling 1982: Die Gerechten von Kummerow as Superintendent 1982: Der lange Ritt zur Schule as Trapper 1982: Sonjas Rapport 1982: Bahnwärter Thiel (TV Movie) as Pfarrer 1983: Spring Symphony as Friedrich Wieck 1983: Mein Vater ist ein Dieb 1983: Martin Luther (TV Series) 1983–1985: Der Staatsanwalt hat das Wort (TV Series) as Clemens Gerlach / Tristan 1984: Woman Doctors as Dr. Böblinger 1984: Wer war Edgar Allan? (TV Movie) as Edgar Allan 1985: Irrläufer (TV Movie) as Bergmann 1985: as Gefängnisdirektor 1985: 1985: Kaiser und eine Nacht as Eddie 1985: Besuch bei Van Gogh as Amadeus Bergk 1985: Die Gänse von Bützow as Dr. Hane 1985: Sachsens Glanz und Preußens Gloria (TV Series) as August III. – König von Polen und Kurfürst von Sachsen 1986: The House on the River as Director Hüsgen 1986: Der Nachbar as Georg Walz 1986: as Herzog Eduard II 1986: (TV Movie) 1987: Liane as Jürgens Vater 1987: Magnat as Heinberg 1987: Shao ye de mo nan 1988: Melanios letzte Liebe (TV Movie) as Melanio Altolaguirre 1988: Zimmer 36 1989: as Bruno Markward 1989: Pestalozzi's Mountain as Zehender 1989: as Hart 1989: The Dancing Girl (舞姫) as Robert Koch 1989: Ein brauchbarer Mann as Heiner Rudolf 1990: Kohl – ein deutscher Politiker 1991: Das Licht der Liebe 1991: (TV Movie) as Otto Hahn 1991: as Gefangener 1992: Die Männer vom K3 (TV Series) as Adolf Buchegger 1992: Schtonk! as Karl Lentz 1992: Brandnacht as Tobler 1992: The Democratic Terrorist as Lodge Hecht 1992: Das große Fest (TV Movie) as Friedrich 1993: Durchreise – Die Geschichte einer Firma (TV Mini-Series) 1993: Die Lok as Hans Kastler 1993–2000: Das Traumschiff (TV Series) as Kommisar Franz Engel / Kurt Steiner 1993–1999: Rosamunde Pilcher (TV Series) as Peter Green / Grenville Bayliss 1994: Wachtmeister Zumbühl as Gemeindepräsident Mathis 1994: Mario and the Magician as Prefecto Angiolieri 1994–2003: Tatort' (TV Series) as Dr. Paul Knödgen / Karsunke / Mr. Sudhoff / Walter Severing / Karl Ammond / Tauber 1994: Wachtmeister Zumbühl1995: La piovra, (TV Mini-Series) as Professor Ramonte 1995: Zu treuen Händen (TV Movie) as Theo Krautinger 1995: (TV Movie) as Senft 1995: Inspector Rex (TV Series) as Erich Staller 1996: Geisterstunde: Der Haustyrann (TV Movie) 1997: Lorenz im Land der Lügner as König 1997: Der Hauptmann von Köpenick (TV Movie) as Zuchthausdirektor 1997: Comedian Harmonists as Gauleiter Streicher 1997: Sterben ist gesünder as Georg Mosbacher 1997: Reise in die Dunkelheit (TV Movie) 1998: Palmetto as Felix Malroux 1998: Zucker für die Bestie (TV Movie) as Prof. Weihrauch 1998: Konsalik Collection – Eine Sünde zuviel (TV Movie) as Anwalt Bornstein 1999: Hans im Glück as Reiter 1999: Klemperer – Ein Leben in Deutschland (TV Series) as Opa Findeisen 2000: Am Ende siegt die Liebe (TV Movie) as Max Sander 2000: Models (TV Movie) as Berhard Rief 2001: Die Verbrechen des Professor Capellari (TV Series) as Dr. Walter Schneider 2001: Der Bulle von Tölz (TV Series) as Dr. Berthold Schwaninger 2002: Der letzte Zeuge (TV Series) as Josef Karzmann 2001–2006: SOKO Kitzbühel (TV Series) as Manninger / Santigo / Konsul Tichalski 2004: Wilsberg (TV Series) as Erwin Kuhn 2004: Donna Leon (TV Series) as Gabriele Cossato 2004: Am Kap der Liebe (TV Movie) as Ferdinand Hansen / Paul Freeman 2005: Alles auf Zucker! as Rabbi Ginsberg 2007: Giganten (TV Series) as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 2007: SOKO Rhein-Main (TV Series) as Rosenbaum 2007: Mein alter Freund Fritz2007–2009: Commissario Laurenti (TV Series) as Galvano 2008: Der Besuch der alten Dame (TV Movie) as Georg Riemann 2009: Swinki as Weber 2009: So ein Schlamassel (TV Movie) as Mosche 'Zaide' Pulver 2009: Eine Liebe in Petersburg (TV Movie) as Grischa 2010: Küstenwache (TV Series) as Gunther Breitscheid 2011: Bittere Kirschen2011: Linda geht tanzen (TV Movie) as Wilhelm Hessler 2012: Wir wollten aufs Meer as Oberst Seler 2013: Die letzte Instanz (TV Movie) as Otmar Koplin 2014: Ohne Dich as Hans 2016: Die Blumen von gestern as Professor Norkus Discography 2010: Hoppe spricht Schöne Frühlingslieder Awards 1971: National Prize of East Germany 1. class for art and literature 1981: Critics Award of the Hungarian Journalist. Association for his role in Mephisto 1995: Lessing Prize of the Free State of Saxony 1998: Grimme-Preis for his role in the TV miniseries Sardsch 2005: Goldene Henne for his lifetime achievement 2007: Art Award, City of Dresden 2010: Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1st Class References Further reading Eberhard Görner: Der Schauspieler Rolf Hoppe''. Henschel, 1996, External links Rolf Hoppe at dreihaselnuessefueraschenbroedel.de (German) Rolf Hoppe at DEFA-Sternstunden (German) 1930 births 2018 deaths People from Ellrich German male film actors German male stage actors German male television actors 20th-century German male actors 21st-century German male actors Recipients of the National Prize of East Germany Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

<mask> (6 December 1930 – 14 November 2018) was a prolific German stage, cinema, and television actor, who played in more than 400 films in a career which spanned over six decades. To international audiences <mask> is perhaps best known for his roles in the Oscar-winning Mephisto (1981) and as the King in the East-German–Czechoslovakian Holiday classic Three Gifts for Cinderella (1973). Early life <mask> was born the son of a master baker in Ellrich, Thuringia, Germany. After his apprenticeship as a baker, he worked from 1945 to 1948 as a coach driver. Career <mask> moved to Erfurt where he began formal training as an actor at the Staatliches Konservatorium from 1949 to 1951, during which time he supported himself by working as an animal handler at the Zircus Aeros. He later performed at Thalia Theater in Halle (Saale) and at the Young World Theatre in Leipzig. His stage performances included such notable venues as the Staatsschauspiel Dresden, the Deutsches Theater in Berlin, and the Salzburg Festival.Internationally, he worked in Switzerland, Italy, Poland and China. In the East German DEFA movies, <mask> often played villains, frequently in different Osterns. One of his most notable roles was that of the Tábornagy (Hermann Göring) in Mephisto, which was awarded the 1981 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. In addition to numerous appearances in feature films and television productions, <mask> also worked as a voice-artist in children's radio plays and audio-books, such as the German version of Alice in Wonderland where he provided the voice of the White Rabbit. Private life and death <mask> died 14 November 2018 in Dresden, where he lived in the suburb of Weißig. He was interred in the Waldfriedhof Weisser Hirsch (cemetery), Dresden; and survived by his wife Friederike with whom he had two daughters: Josephine and <mask>, the latter who is also an actress. His grandson <mask> is an actor as well.(TV Movie) as Edgar Allan 1985: Irrläufer (TV Movie) as Bergmann 1985: as Gefängnisdirektor 1985: 1985: Kaiser und eine Nacht as Eddie 1985: Besuch bei Van Gogh as Amadeus Bergk 1985: Die Gänse von Bützow as Dr. Hane 1985: Sachsens Glanz und Preußens Gloria (TV Series) as August III. – König von Polen und Kurfürst von Sachsen 1986: The House on the River as Director Hüsgen 1986: Der Nachbar as Georg Walz 1986: as Herzog Eduard II 1986: (TV Movie) 1987: Liane as Jürgens Vater 1987: Magnat as Heinberg 1987: Shao ye de mo nan 1988: Melanios letzte Liebe (TV Movie) as Melanio Altolaguirre 1988: Zimmer 36 1989: as Bruno Markward 1989: Pestalozzi's Mountain as Zehender 1989: as Hart 1989: The Dancing Girl (舞姫) as Robert Koch 1989: Ein brauchbarer Mann as Heiner Rudolf 1990: Kohl – ein deutscher Politiker 1991: Das Licht der Liebe 1991: (TV Movie) as Otto Hahn 1991: as Gefangener 1992: Die Männer vom K3 (TV Series) as Adolf Buchegger 1992: Schtonk! as Rabbi Ginsberg 2007: Giganten (TV Series) as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 2007: SOKO Rhein-Main (TV Series) as Rosenbaum 2007: Mein alter Freund Fritz2007–2009: Commissario Laurenti (TV Series) as Galvano 2008: Der Besuch der alten Dame (TV Movie) as Georg Riemann 2009: Swinki as Weber 2009: So ein Schlamassel (TV Movie) as Mosche 'Zaide' Pulver 2009: Eine Liebe in Petersburg (TV Movie) as Grischa 2010: Küstenwache (TV Series) as Gunther Breitscheid 2011: Bittere Kirschen2011: Linda geht tanzen (TV Movie) as Wilhelm Hessler 2012: Wir wollten aufs Meer as Oberst Seler 2013: Die letzte Instanz (TV Movie) as Otmar Koplin 2014: Ohne Dich as Hans 2016: Die Blumen von gestern as Professor Norkus Discography 2010: Hoppe spricht Schöne Frühlingslieder Awards 1971: National Prize of East Germany 1. class for art and literature 1981: Critics Award of the Hungarian Journalist. Association for his role in Mephisto 1995: Lessing Prize of the Free State of Saxony 1998: Grimme-Preis for his role in the TV miniseries Sardsch 2005: Goldene Henne for his lifetime achievement 2007: Art Award, City of Dresden 2010: Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1st Class References Further reading Eberhard Görner: Der Schauspieler Rolf Hoppe''. Henschel, 1996, External links Rolf Hoppe at dreihaselnuessefueraschenbroedel.de (German) Rolf Hoppe at DEFA-Sternstunden (German) 1930 births 2018 deaths People from Ellrich German male film actors German male stage actors German male television actors 20th-century German male actors 21st-century German male actors Recipients of the National Prize of East Germany Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

<mask> was a prolific German stage, cinema, and television actor who played in more than 400 films over six decades. The King in the East-German–Czechoslovakian Holiday classic Three Gifts for Cinderella was played by <mask>, and he won an Oscar for it. His father was a master baker in Ellrich, Thuringia, Germany. He worked as a coach driver after working as a baker. He supported himself by working as an animal handler at the Zircus Aeros after moving to Erfurt, where he began formal training as an actor at the Staatliches Konservatorium. He performed at the Thalia Theater in Halle and the Young World Theatre in Leipzig. His stage performances included some of the most prestigious venues in the world.He worked in Switzerland, Italy, Poland and China. In the DEFA movies, <mask> often played villains. The 1981 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film was given to the Tbornagy (Hermann Gring) in Mephisto. In addition to numerous appearances in feature films and television productions, <mask> also worked as a voice- artist in children's radio plays and audio-books, such as the German version of Alice in Wonderland where he provided the voice of the White Rabbit. His private life and death took place in the suburb of Weiig. He was married to Friederike and they had two daughters: Josephine and Christine. His grandson is an actor as well.In 1985: Irrlufer as Bergmann, Kaiser as Eddie, and Van Gogh as Amadeus Bergk. In 1986: The House on the River as Director Hsgen, and in 1987 as Jrgens Vater. The TV Series that 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 The Lessing Prize of the Free State of Saxony was given to him for his role in Mephisto. <mask> Hoppe at DEFA-Sternstunden is an External link.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard%20Ehmke

Howard Ehmke

Howard John Ehmke (April 24, 1894 – March 17, 1959) was an American baseball pitcher. He played professional baseball for 16 years from 1914 to 1930, including 15 seasons in Major League Baseball for the Buffalo Blues (1915), Detroit Tigers (1916–1917, 1919–1922), Boston Red Sox (1923–1926), and Philadelphia Athletics (1926–1930). Ehmke compiled a career win–loss record of 166–166 with a 3.75 earned run average (ERA). His greatest success was with the Red Sox, including a no-hitter and his only 20-win season in 1923. Ehmke still holds the American League record for fewest hits allowed (one) in two consecutive starts. Ehmke also ranks sixteenth all-time in hitting batters. He hit 137 batters in his career and led the American League in the category seven times, including a career-high 23 in 1922. Ehmke is best known for being the surprise starter who won Game 1 of the 1929 World Series for the Athletics at the age of 35. After retiring from baseball, he started his own company that began making tarpaulins to cover baseball diamonds during rain. Early years Ehmke was born in Silver Creek, New York, in 1894. He was the ninth of eleven children born to a German immigrant father and a Swedish-American mother. He moved to California as a young man and graduated from Glendale High School in 1913. Professional baseball Minor leagues and Buffalo Blues Ehmke began his professional baseball career in 1914 with the Los Angeles Angels in the Pacific Coast League. In May and June 1914, he put together a streak of eight consecutive victories and became the "phenom" of the PCL, described as the best looking prospect, in the pitching sense, that the Pacific Coast league ever has possessed." He appeared in a total of 40 games for the Angels and compiled a 12–11 record with a 2.79 earned run average (ERA). A bidding war developed among major league teams seeking Ehmke's services. The Pittsburgh Pirates offered the Angels $5,000 in June 1914. In July 1914, the Kansas City Packers of the Federal League entered the bidding process. The Washington Senators purchased Ehmke from the Angels, but Ehmke refused to sign the contract presented to him by the Senators. On February 13, 1915, he finally signed a contract with the Buffalo Blues of the Federal League. He made his major league debut on April 12, 1915, and appeared in 18 games, only two as a starter, for Buffalo. He compiled an 0–2 record with a 5.53 ERA in innings pitched. The Federal League folded at the end of the 1915 season, and in May 1916, Ehmke joined the Syracuse Stars of the New York State League. Ehmke appeared in 38 games for Syracuse in 1916 and compiled a 31–7 record with a 1.55 ERA. Detroit Tigers On July 28, 1916, Ehmke was sold by Syracuse to the Detroit Tigers for a price reported to be "the biggest sum ever paid for a pitcher in the State League." He did not appear in his first game for the Tigers until September 1916. He appeared in a total of five games for the 1916 Tigers in a short tryout and compiled a 3–1 record with a 3.13 ERA. In 1917, Ehmke appeared in 35 games, 25 as a starter, and compiled a 10–15 record with a 2.97 ERA. In late July 1917, sportswriter Paul Purman wrote that Ehmke had "bewildering speed, a wizardly assortment of curves and a change of pace which kept the batters off their balance." However, Purman noted that Ehmke weakened after seven innings, compiling a 1.60 ERA in the first seven innings and 9.00 in the eighth and ninth innings. Ehmke missed the 1918 season due to wartime service in the United States Navy. He was stationed at a submarine base on the West Coast of the United States. Ehmke's best season for the Tigers was 1919 when he finished with a 17–10 record. Ehmke did not have a winning season in Detroit after 1919 and was twice among the American League leaders in losses for the Tigers (18 in 1920 and 17 in 1922). In 1921, Ehmke had a record of 13–14 and an ERA of 4.54 pitching for a team that had the highest team batting average (.316) in American League history. On August 8, 1920, Ehmke struck out eight batters and shut out the Yankees, 1–0, in just one hour, thirteen minutes‚ one of the shortest games in American League history. With no outs and two on in the fifth inning‚ Yankee Ping Bodie fell for the hidden ball trick applied by Tigers' second baseman Ralph Young. Ehmke did have problems with control during his tenure with the Tigers, leading the American League in batters hit by a pitch five times (1921–1923, 1925 and 1927) and was among the top three in bases on balls four times (1919, 1920, 1922, 1923). Boston Red Sox On November 18, 1922, the Tigers traded Ehmke with Babe Herman and Carl Holling to the Boston Red Sox for Del Pratt and Rip Collins. Ehmke flourished in Boston, winning 20 games in . On September 7 of that year, he no-hit his future team, the Philadelphia Athletics, 4–0, at Shibe Park; not until Mel Parnell in would another Red Sox pitch a no-hitter. In that game, Slim Harriss hit a ball to the wall for a double, but was called out for missing first base, preserving the no-hitter. He followed the performance up with a one-hitter against the Yankees four days later, with the only hit in that game a ground ball that bounced off the third baseman's chest. He still holds the American League record for fewest hits allowed (one) in two consecutive games (Johnny Vander Meer's consecutive no-hitters in is the Major League record). His 1923 season was the best of his career. That year, he was 11th in the American League Most Valuable Player voting and led the league's pitchers with a 6.3 wins above replacement (WAR) rating. He also ranked among the league leaders with 20 wins (fourth), 121 strikeouts (fourth), innings pitched (second), 39 games started (second), and 28 complete games (second). Ehmke followed with another strong performance in 1924, finishing among the league leaders in wins (fifth best with 19), ERA (fourth best with 3.46), strikeouts (second best with 119), and innings pitched (first with 315). Ehmke finished 15th in the American League Most Valuable Player voting for 1924 and again led the league's pitchers with an 8.3 WAR rating. In 1925, Ehmke had a record of 9–20. Ehmke lost 20 games despite pitching a league high 22 complete games, ranking third in the league in strikeouts, and having a 3.73 ERA, best among Boston's starters. The Red Sox were a poor team in 1925, losing 101 games. Ehmke finished 24th in the AL MVP voting despite losing 20 games. Philadelphia Athletics On June 15, 1926, the Red Sox traded Ehmke to the Philadelphia Athletics in exchange for Fred Heimach, Slim Harriss, and Baby Doll Jacobson. The change of scene did wonders for Ehmke. After going 3–10 with a 5.46 ERA in the first half of 1926 with the last place Red Sox, Ehmke went 12–4 with a 2.81 ERA in the second half of the season with Hall of Famer Mickey Cochrane catching and A's slugger, Al Simmons, hitting .341 behind him. Though the frequency of his starts diminished after 1927, Ehmke had a winning record for the Athletics in four consecutive seasons from 1926 to 1929. By 1929, however, Ehmke was nearing the end of his career. He appeared in 11 games, eight as a starter, and was out for three weeks due to a sore arm. He finished the 1929 season with a 7–2 record and a 3.29 ERA, below the league average. In August, manager Connie Mack called Ehmke into his office and told him that he would be released after the season. Ehmke accepted the decision, but told Mack that he believed he had one more game left in him. After 15 years in the majors, he badly wanted to pitch in a World Series. By this time, it was clear that the A's would win the pennant. They had been in first since May 13, and had opened up a 12-game lead in the standings. After giving it some thought, Mack told Ehmke that after his next start, he wouldn't pitch again for the last month of the season. He also told Ehmke to scout the Chicago Cubs, who were running away with the National League, on their last East Coast trip of the season — and be ready to pitch Game 1 of the World Series. Although it was widely thought to be a sentimental move, Mack believed that Ehmke's sidearm style and his mix of control and slow pitches would keep the predominantly right-handed Cubs off balance. He also believed that, with a month's rest, Ehmke's arm would hold up well. In Game 1, Ehmke pitched a complete game and struck out a then-World Series record 13 batters in a 3–1 win over Chicago. For this reason, Bill James called Mack's decision to start Ehmke "the most brilliant managerial stratagem in the history of baseball." At the time, Ehmke also set a record for lowest win total during the regular season by a World Series Game 1 starter. This record stood until 2006 when St. Louis Cardinals pitcher Anthony Reyes started Game 1 of the 2006 World Series after having gone 5–8 during the regular season. Ehmke also started the final game of the 1929 World Series, holding the Cubs scoreless in the first two innings, but giving up two runs with two outs in the third inning. The A's came from behind to win the game and the World Series. Ehmke was brought back for the 1930 season, but was released on May 31, 1930, after appearing in three games with an 11.70 ERA. He appeared in his last game on May 22, 1930. Connie Mack said at the time, "I think his arm is gone. . . . I am sorry to have to let Ehmke go, because he is a fine character, but I have to make room for an extra man who will be of more use to us." Tarpaulin business By 1925, Ehmke had developed a large canvas tarpaulin product that could cover baseball and football fields when it rained. Credited as the inventor of the tarpaulin, he formed a company called Howard Ehmke Company to manufacture them, making his first sale in 1925 to the Pittsburgh Pirates for use at Forbes Field. He also made sales in 1926 to the University of Pennsylvania for Franklin Field and to the operators of a stadium in Chicago and took orders from three more baseball teams and the University of Michigan for Michigan Stadium. He had a plant in Detroit, and later Philadelphia, where he manufactured the tarpaulins, later expanding his business to tents, flags and banners in the 1930s, and into defense work, including canvas covers for naval guns, during World War II. Ehmke Manufacturing Company is still in business today with its operations based in Philadelphia. Family and later years Ehmke married Marguerite Poindexter in approximately 1920. They had no children and lived in Philadelphia after retiring from baseball. Ehmke died at age 65 in a Philadelphia hospital in 1959. See also List of Major League Baseball career hit batsmen leaders List of Major League Baseball no-hitters References External links John Shiffert, "Howard Ehmke", 19 to 21 (9)13, June 6, 2011. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. 1894 births 1959 deaths Major League Baseball pitchers Detroit Tigers players Boston Red Sox players Philadelphia Athletics players Los Angeles Angels (minor league) players Syracuse Stars (minor league baseball) players Baseball players from New York (state) People from Silver Creek, New York

<mask> (April 24, 1894 – March 17, 1959) was an American baseball pitcher. He played professional baseball for 16 years from 1914 to 1930, including 15 seasons in Major League Baseball for the Buffalo Blues (1915), Detroit Tigers (1916–1917, 1919–1922), Boston Red Sox (1923–1926), and Philadelphia Athletics (1926–1930). Ehmke compiled a career win–loss record of 166–166 with a 3.75 earned run average (ERA). His greatest success was with the Red Sox, including a no-hitter and his only 20-win season in 1923. <mask> still holds the American League record for fewest hits allowed (one) in two consecutive starts. <mask> also ranks sixteenth all-time in hitting batters. He hit 137 batters in his career and led the American League in the category seven times, including a career-high 23 in 1922.<mask> is best known for being the surprise starter who won Game 1 of the 1929 World Series for the Athletics at the age of 35. After retiring from baseball, he started his own company that began making tarpaulins to cover baseball diamonds during rain. Early years <mask> was born in Silver Creek, New York, in 1894. He was the ninth of eleven children born to a German immigrant father and a Swedish-American mother. He moved to California as a young man and graduated from Glendale High School in 1913. Professional baseball Minor leagues and Buffalo Blues <mask> began his professional baseball career in 1914 with the Los Angeles Angels in the Pacific Coast League. In May and June 1914, he put together a streak of eight consecutive victories and became the "phenom" of the PCL, described as the best looking prospect, in the pitching sense, that the Pacific Coast league ever has possessed."He appeared in a total of 40 games for the Angels and compiled a 12–11 record with a 2.79 earned run average (ERA). A bidding war developed among major league teams seeking Ehmke's services. The Pittsburgh Pirates offered the Angels $5,000 in June 1914. In July 1914, the Kansas City Packers of the Federal League entered the bidding process. The Washington Senators purchased <mask> from the Angels, but Ehmke refused to sign the contract presented to him by the Senators. On February 13, 1915, he finally signed a contract with the Buffalo Blues of the Federal League. He made his major league debut on April 12, 1915, and appeared in 18 games, only two as a starter, for Buffalo.He compiled an 0–2 record with a 5.53 ERA in innings pitched. The Federal League folded at the end of the 1915 season, and in May 1916, <mask> joined the Syracuse Stars of the New York State League. <mask> appeared in 38 games for Syracuse in 1916 and compiled a 31–7 record with a 1.55 ERA. Detroit Tigers On July 28, 1916, <mask> was sold by Syracuse to the Detroit Tigers for a price reported to be "the biggest sum ever paid for a pitcher in the State League." He did not appear in his first game for the Tigers until September 1916. He appeared in a total of five games for the 1916 Tigers in a short tryout and compiled a 3–1 record with a 3.13 ERA. In 1917, <mask> appeared in 35 games, 25 as a starter, and compiled a 10–15 record with a 2.97 ERA.In late July 1917, sportswriter Paul Purman wrote that Ehmke had "bewildering speed, a wizardly assortment of curves and a change of pace which kept the batters off their balance." However, Purman noted that Ehmke weakened after seven innings, compiling a 1.60 ERA in the first seven innings and 9.00 in the eighth and ninth innings. <mask> missed the 1918 season due to wartime service in the United States Navy. He was stationed at a submarine base on the West Coast of the United States. <mask>'s best season for the Tigers was 1919 when he finished with a 17–10 record. <mask> did not have a winning season in Detroit after 1919 and was twice among the American League leaders in losses for the Tigers (18 in 1920 and 17 in 1922). In 1921, Ehmke had a record of 13–14 and an ERA of 4.54 pitching for a team that had the highest team batting average (.316) in American League history.On August 8, 1920, <mask> struck out eight batters and shut out the Yankees, 1–0, in just one hour, thirteen minutes‚ one of the shortest games in American League history. With no outs and two on in the fifth inning‚ Yankee Ping Bodie fell for the hidden ball trick applied by Tigers' second baseman Ralph Young. <mask> did have problems with control during his tenure with the Tigers, leading the American League in batters hit by a pitch five times (1921–1923, 1925 and 1927) and was among the top three in bases on balls four times (1919, 1920, 1922, 1923). Boston Red Sox On November 18, 1922, the Tigers traded <mask> with Babe Herman and Carl Holling to the Boston Red Sox for Del Pratt and Rip Collins. <mask> flourished in Boston, winning 20 games in . On September 7 of that year, he no-hit his future team, the Philadelphia Athletics, 4–0, at Shibe Park; not until Mel Parnell in would another Red Sox pitch a no-hitter. In that game, Slim Harriss hit a ball to the wall for a double, but was called out for missing first base, preserving the no-hitter.He followed the performance up with a one-hitter against the Yankees four days later, with the only hit in that game a ground ball that bounced off the third baseman's chest. He still holds the American League record for fewest hits allowed (one) in two consecutive games (Johnny Vander Meer's consecutive no-hitters in is the Major League record). His 1923 season was the best of his career. That year, he was 11th in the American League Most Valuable Player voting and led the league's pitchers with a 6.3 wins above replacement (WAR) rating. He also ranked among the league leaders with 20 wins (fourth), 121 strikeouts (fourth), innings pitched (second), 39 games started (second), and 28 complete games (second). <mask> followed with another strong performance in 1924, finishing among the league leaders in wins (fifth best with 19), ERA (fourth best with 3.46), strikeouts (second best with 119), and innings pitched (first with 315). <mask> finished 15th in the American League Most Valuable Player voting for 1924 and again led the league's pitchers with an 8.3 WAR rating.In 1925, Ehmke had a record of 9–20. Ehmke lost 20 games despite pitching a league high 22 complete games, ranking third in the league in strikeouts, and having a 3.73 ERA, best among Boston's starters. The Red Sox were a poor team in 1925, losing 101 games. <mask> finished 24th in the AL MVP voting despite losing 20 games. Philadelphia Athletics On June 15, 1926, the Red Sox traded Ehmke to the Philadelphia Athletics in exchange for Fred Heimach, Slim Harriss, and Baby Doll Jacobson. The change of scene did wonders for <mask>. After going 3–10 with a 5.46 ERA in the first half of 1926 with the last place Red Sox, Ehmke went 12–4 with a 2.81 ERA in the second half of the season with Hall of Famer Mickey Cochrane catching and A's slugger, Al Simmons, hitting .341 behind him.Though the frequency of his starts diminished after 1927, <mask> had a winning record for the Athletics in four consecutive seasons from 1926 to 1929. By 1929, however, <mask> was nearing the end of his career. He appeared in 11 games, eight as a starter, and was out for three weeks due to a sore arm. He finished the 1929 season with a 7–2 record and a 3.29 ERA, below the league average. In August, manager Connie Mack called <mask> into his office and told him that he would be released after the season. <mask> accepted the decision, but told Mack that he believed he had one more game left in him. After 15 years in the majors, he badly wanted to pitch in a World Series.By this time, it was clear that the A's would win the pennant. They had been in first since May 13, and had opened up a 12-game lead in the standings. After giving it some thought, Mack told Ehmke that after his next start, he wouldn't pitch again for the last month of the season. He also told Ehmke to scout the Chicago Cubs, who were running away with the National League, on their last East Coast trip of the season — and be ready to pitch Game 1 of the World Series. Although it was widely thought to be a sentimental move, Mack believed that <mask>'s sidearm style and his mix of control and slow pitches would keep the predominantly right-handed Cubs off balance. He also believed that, with a month's rest, Ehmke's arm would hold up well. In Game 1, <mask> pitched a complete game and struck out a then-World Series record 13 batters in a 3–1 win over Chicago.For this reason, Bill James called Mack's decision to start <mask> "the most brilliant managerial stratagem in the history of baseball." At the time, <mask> also set a record for lowest win total during the regular season by a World Series Game 1 starter. This record stood until 2006 when St. Louis Cardinals pitcher Anthony Reyes started Game 1 of the 2006 World Series after having gone 5–8 during the regular season. <mask> also started the final game of the 1929 World Series, holding the Cubs scoreless in the first two innings, but giving up two runs with two outs in the third inning. The A's came from behind to win the game and the World Series. <mask> was brought back for the 1930 season, but was released on May 31, 1930, after appearing in three games with an 11.70 ERA. He appeared in his last game on May 22, 1930.Connie Mack said at the time, "I think his arm is gone. . . . I am sorry to have to let Ehmke go, because he is a fine character, but I have to make room for an extra man who will be of more use to us." Tarpaulin business By 1925, Ehmke had developed a large canvas tarpaulin product that could cover baseball and football fields when it rained. Credited as the inventor of the tarpaulin, he formed a company called Howard Ehmke Company to manufacture them, making his first sale in 1925 to the Pittsburgh Pirates for use at Forbes Field. He also made sales in 1926 to the University of Pennsylvania for Franklin Field and to the operators of a stadium in Chicago and took orders from three more baseball teams and the University of Michigan for Michigan Stadium. He had a plant in Detroit, and later Philadelphia, where he manufactured the tarpaulins, later expanding his business to tents, flags and banners in the 1930s, and into defense work, including canvas covers for naval guns, during World War II. Ehmke Manufacturing Company is still in business today with its operations based in Philadelphia.Family and later years <mask> married Marguerite Poindexter in approximately 1920. They had no children and lived in Philadelphia after retiring from baseball. <mask> died at age 65 in a Philadelphia hospital in 1959. See also List of Major League Baseball career hit batsmen leaders List of Major League Baseball no-hitters References External links John Shiffert, "<mask>ke", 19 to 21 (9)13, June 6, 2011. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. 1894 births 1959 deaths Major League Baseball pitchers Detroit Tigers players Boston Red Sox players Philadelphia Athletics players Los Angeles Angels (minor league) players Syracuse Stars (minor league baseball) players Baseball players from New York (state) People from Silver Creek, New York

<mask> was an American baseball pitcher. He was a professional baseball player for 16 years, from 1914 to 1930, including 15 seasons in Major League Baseball. Ehmke had a career win–loss record of 166–166 with a 3.75 earned run average. His only 20-win season was in 1923 and his only no-hitter was in 1923. The American League record for fewest hits allowed is still held by <mask>. Ehmke is ranked sixteenth all-time in hitting batters. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217<mask> was the surprise starter who won the first game of the World Series for the Athletics at the age of 35. After retiring from baseball, he started his own company that made tarpaulins to cover baseball diamonds. In 1894, <mask> was born in Silver Creek, New York. He was born to a German immigrant father and a Swedish-American mother. He graduated from a California high school in 1913. <mask> began his professional baseball career in 1914 with the Los Angeles Angels in the Pacific Coast League. In May and June 1914, he put together a streak of eight consecutive victories and became the "phenom" of the PCL, described as the best looking prospect, in the pitching sense, that the Pacific Coast league has possessed.He played in 40 games for the Angels and had a 12–11 record with a 2.79 earned run average. Major league teams were 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 The Angels were offered $5,000 by the Pirates. The Kansas City Packers of the Federal League entered the bidding process. Ehmke refused to sign the contract presented to him by the Senators after they purchased him from the Angels. He signed a contract with the Buffalo Blues of the Federal League on February 13, 1915. He made his major league debut in 1915 and only played in two games for Buffalo.He had an 0–2 record with a 5.53 ERA. In 1916, <mask> joined the Syracuse Stars of the New York State League after the Federal League folded. Ehmke appeared in 38 games for Syracuse in 1916 and compiled a 31–7 record. On July 28, 1916, <mask> was sold by Syracuse to the Detroit Tigers for the biggest sum ever paid for a pitcher in the State League. He did not play in his first game until 1916. In a short tryout for the 1916 Tigers, he compiled a 3–1 record with a 3.13 in 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 888-270-6611 In 1917, Ehmke appeared in 35 games, 25 as a starter, and compiled a 10–15 record.In late July 1917, sports writer Paul Purman wrote that Ehmke had "bewildering speed, a wizardly assortment of curves and a change of pace which kept the batters off their balance." According to Purman, Ehmke had a 1.60 ERA in the first seven frames and a 9.00 in the eighth and ninth frames. During the war in the United States Navy, <mask> missed the 1918 season. The submarine base on the West Coast of the United States was where he was stationed. <mask>'s best season was in 1919, when he finished with a 17–10 record. After 1919, <mask> did not have a winning season in Detroit and was twice among the American League leaders in losses. <mask> pitched for a team that had the highest batting average in the American League in 1921.One of the shortest games in American League history was played on August 8, 1920, when <mask> struck out eight batters and shut out the Yankees. Yankee Ping Bodie fell for the hidden ball trick applied by the second baseman after no outs and two on in the fifth. During his time with the Tigers, <mask> had control problems, leading the American League in batters hit by a pitch five times, and being among the top three in bases on balls four times. On November 18, 1922, the Tigers traded <mask> with Babe Herman and Carl Holling to the Boston Red Sox for Del Pratt and Rip Collins. <mask> won 20 games in Boston. On September 7 of that year, he no-hit his future team, the Philadelphia Athletics, 4–0, at Shibe Park. Slim Harriss hit a ball to the wall for a double, but was called out for missing first base, preserving the no-hitter.He pitched a one-hitter against the Yankees four days later, with the only hit coming on a ground ball that bounced off the third baseman's chest. He holds the American League record for fewest hits allowed in two games in a row. The 1923 season was the best of his career. He was 11th in the American League Most Valuable Player voting and led the league's pitchers with a 6.3 wins above replacement rating. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Ehmke was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Ehmke finished 15th in the American League Most Valuable Player voting in 1924 and again led the league's pitchers with an 8.3 WAR rating.In 1925, <mask> had a record. <mask> lost 20 games despite having a league high 22 complete games and ranking third in the league in strikeouts. The Red Sox lost 101 games in 1925. Despite losing 20 games, <mask> finished 24th in the American League's Most Valuable Player voting. On June 15, 1926, <mask> was traded to the Philadelphia Athletics in exchange for Fred, Slim, and Baby Doll. Ehmke appreciated the change of scene. In the first half of the season, <mask> went 3–10 with a 5.46 earned run average, but in the second half of the season he went 12–4 with a 2.81 earned run average.Ehmke was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 Ehmke was nearing the end of his career by 1929. He appeared in 11 games, eight as a starter, and was out for three weeks due to a sore arm. He finished the 1929 season with a 3.29 earned run average, below the league average. Ehmke was told by Mack that he would be released after the season. Ehmke told Mack that he had one more game left in him. He wanted to pitch in a World Series after 15 years in the majors.By this time, it was clear that the A's would win. They had been first since May 13 and had a 12-game lead. Mack told Ehmke that he wouldn't pitch again for the last month of the season after his next start. <mask> was told to scout the Chicago Cubs, who were running away with the National League, and be ready to pitch in the World Series. Mack believed that <mask>'s sidearm style and his mix of control and slow pitches would keep the Cubs off balance. <mask>'s arm would hold up well if he took a month's rest. In the first game of the World Series, <mask> pitched a complete game and struck out 13 Chicago hitters.Bill James said that Mack's decision to start <mask> was the most brilliant managerial ploy in the history of baseball. <mask> set a record for lowest win total by a World Series Game 1 starter. The record was broken in 2006 when Anthony Reyes of the St. Louis Cards started Game 1 of the World Series. The final game of the 1929 World Series was started by <mask> and he gave up two runs with two outs in the third. The A's came from behind to win the World Series. On May 31, 1930, <mask> was released after appearing in three games with an 11.70 ERA. He played his last game on May 22, 1930."I think his arm is gone," Mack said at the time. I am sorry to have to let Ehmke go, he is a fine character, but I have to make room for an extra man who will be more use to us. Ehmke developed a large canvas tarpaulin product that could cover baseball and football fields when it rained. The first sale of the Howard Ehmke Company was to the Pittsburgh Pirates for use at Forbes Field. He sold Franklin Field to the University of Pennsylvania and the operators of a stadium in Chicago, as well as taking orders from three more baseball teams and the University of Michigan for Michigan Stadium. In the 1930s, he expanded his business to include tents, flags and banners, as well as canvas covers for naval guns, after manufacturing tarpaulins in Detroit and Philadelphia. Ehmke Manufacturing Company is based in Philadelphia.Marguerite Poindexter was married to <mask> in approximately 1920. They retired from baseball and lived in Philadelphia. In 1959 <mask> died in a Philadelphia hospital. External links John Shiffert, "<mask>", 19 to 21 (9)13, June 6, 2011. The original was published on July 22, 2011. People from Silver Creek, New York, died in 1959 in Major League Baseball.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise%20Saumoneau

Louise Saumoneau

Louise Saumoneau (17 December 1875 – 23 February 1950) was a French feminist who later renounced feminism as being irrelevant to the class struggle. She became a union leader and a prominent socialist. During World War I she was active in the internationalist pacifist movement. In a change of stance, after the war she remained with the right of the socialist party after the majority split off to form the French Communist Party. Early years Louise Aimée Saumoneau was born on 17 December 1875 near Poitiers. Her father was a cabinet maker who worked for a large workshop. Her elder sister married a cabinet maker and moved to Paris. In late 1896 Saumoneau, her younger sister and her parents joined her older sister in Paris. She worked as a seamstress doing piecework to help bring some income to the family, which now included her older sister's four children. Pre-war activism Around 1898 Saumoneau took a half day off work to attend a feminist meeting, and was annoyed when much time was spent discussing whether dowries were acceptable, an irrelevant topic to a working class woman. In 1899 Saumoneau and Elisabeth Renaud founded the first Feminist Socialist Group (Groupe Féministe Socialiste, GFS). The GFS manifesto protested the "double oppression of women, exploited on a large scale by capitalism, subject to men by laws and especially by prejudice." At the feminist congress that began on 5 September 1900, chaired by Marguerite Durand, most of the delegates were from the elite rather than working women. Saumoneau and Renaud were admitted somewhat reluctantly. While the attendees had no difficulty supporting a resolution that called for an eight-hour day for industrial workers, with a full day off, they had considerable difficulty supporting a proposal that their own maids should get the same conditions. Saumoneau and Renaud pushed the point. They received a cold reception. Saumoneau and Renaud joined the Conseil National des Femmes Français when it was founded in 1901, headed by Sarah Monod. The majority of the members were moderate bourgeois republicans. The socialists were a tiny minority on the left of this movement, balanced by the Catholic Right led by Marie Maugeret. Saumoneau became hostile to feminism, seeing the class struggle as more important. She denounced "bourgeois" feminism and took little interest in problems unique to women. In 1900 Saumoneau organized a union of seamstresses, which was associated with other groups in three working-class neighborhoods of Paris. Saumoneau was elected secretary, helped by her younger sister Berthe. A strike of tailors and seamstresses employed by workshops started in the middle of February 1901. The press gave it wide coverage, particularly the feminist La Fronde, and the strikers received significant financial support. The strike ended in what was essentially defeat a month later. Saumoneau became convinced that unions must represent both men and women. In September 1901 her union was dissolved and its members joined the men's union, now open to garment workers of both sexes. Saumoneau saw that the working women had more in common with working men than with women of the bourgeoisie. She could not find a way for a woman's group to be effective outside the male-dominated unions. Saumoneau and Renaud published La Femme socialiste from 1901 to 1902. Saumoneau fell out with Renaud in 1902 and the GFS became less active. In 1905 the Socialist Party (Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière, SFIO) would not accept the GFS as a constituent organization, and it disappeared. Louise Saumoneau revived La Femme socialiste as an educational and propaganda organ in 1912, and continued to publish it until 1940. In January 1913 Saumoneau, Marianne Rauze, Elisabeth Renaud and others founded the Socialist Women's Group (Groupe des Femmes Socialistes, GDFS) for women within the SFIO. Saumoneau threw out all feminists from the GDFS and started a vigorous program to recruit socialist women, which was interrupted by the outbreak of World War I. By 1914 there were 90,000 members of the Socialist party but still only 1,000 women, half of them the wives or daughters of male members. On 5 July 1914 Saumoneau led the first event of the International Working Women's Day, held just before the outbreak of war. World War I The GDFS broke up due to disagreements during World War I (July 1914 – November 1918). Saumoneau took a pacifist position. Early in 1915 Saumoneau distributed the German socialist Clara Zetkin's essay in which she called on socialist women to fight for peace. "When the men kill, it is up to us women to fight for the preservation of life. When the men are silent, it is our duty to raise our voices on behalf of our ideals." Zetkin organized an international conference of socialist women in Berne, Switzerland late in March 1915 as a protest against the war. Saumoneau was the only French representative. Saumoneau pointed at that although the masses were against the war, their leaders were afraid to take a strong stand. She did not say what could be done. On her return from Berne, Saumoneau was persecuted both by the police and by her own SFIO party. When Aletta Jacobs organized a feminist and pacifist congress at The Hague in 1915 she wanted French participation but would not invite Saumoneau. In her turn, Saumoneau said she would never cooperate with Jacobs, who was from a wealthy family. The International Action Committee (Comité d'action internationale) was founded in December 1915 by French syndicalists who supported the pacifist declarations of the Zimmerwald Conference. In 1916 this was merged with the Socialist Minority Committee to form the Committee for the Resumption of International Relations (Comité pour la réprise des rélations internationales). Albert Bourderon proposed and Saumoneau supported a manifesto that said the Committee would function "until the party majority and the International Socialist Bureau resume international relations." In February 1917 the Committee for the Resumption of International Relations split up. Alphonse Merrheim withdrew to concentrate on union work. Pierre Brizon, Jean Raffin-Dugens and Bourderon joining the SFIO minority led by Jean Longuet. The socialists Fernand Loriot, Charles Rappoport, Louise Saumoneau and François Mayoux took control of the committee. Post war At the Tours Congress in December 1920 the SFIO split. The majority voted to join the communist Third International and to create the French Section of the Communist International (Section française de l'Internationale communiste, SFIC). The faction led by Léon Blum and including most elected socialists, such as Paul Faure and Jean Longuet, stayed with the Second International, later to become the Labour and Socialist International and then today's Socialist International. This group retained the SFIO name. Saumoneau stayed with the socialist SFIO rather than join the French Communist Party. Saumoneau had been a strong supporter of the Third International before 1920, so this was a significant rightward shift in her views. Although Saumoneau's presence and that of other women activists had some influence within the party, the SFIO did not stand up for women's suffrage in the period before World War II. It was not until 1945 that French women gained the right to vote and to stand for election. The GDFS (Socialist Women's Group) was relaunched in 1922, and continued to 1931 when it was replaced by the National Committee of Socialist Women (Comité National des Femmes Socialistes, CNDFS). Saumoneau continued to publish Le Femme socialiste until 1940, when it closed down for the rest of World War II (1939–1945). Saumoneau revived the paper after the war, and published it from 1947 to 1949. Louise Saumoneau died in 1950. Bibliography References Citations Sources 1875 births 1950 deaths French anti-capitalists French feminists French pacifists French socialists People from Poitiers

<mask> (17 December 1875 – 23 February 1950) was a French feminist who later renounced feminism as being irrelevant to the class struggle. She became a union leader and a prominent socialist. During World War I she was active in the internationalist pacifist movement. In a change of stance, after the war she remained with the right of the socialist party after the majority split off to form the French Communist Party. Early years <mask> was born on 17 December 1875 near Poitiers. Her father was a cabinet maker who worked for a large workshop. Her elder sister married a cabinet maker and moved to Paris.In late 1896 Saumoneau, her younger sister and her parents joined her older sister in Paris. She worked as a seamstress doing piecework to help bring some income to the family, which now included her older sister's four children. Pre-war activism Around 1898 Saumoneau took a half day off work to attend a feminist meeting, and was annoyed when much time was spent discussing whether dowries were acceptable, an irrelevant topic to a working class woman. In 1899 <mask> and Elisabeth Renaud founded the first Feminist Socialist Group (Groupe Féministe Socialiste, GFS). The GFS manifesto protested the "double oppression of women, exploited on a large scale by capitalism, subject to men by laws and especially by prejudice." At the feminist congress that began on 5 September 1900, chaired by Marguerite Durand, most of the delegates were from the elite rather than working women. Saumoneau and Renaud were admitted somewhat reluctantly.While the attendees had no difficulty supporting a resolution that called for an eight-hour day for industrial workers, with a full day off, they had considerable difficulty supporting a proposal that their own maids should get the same conditions. <mask> and Renaud pushed the point. They received a cold reception. Saumoneau and Renaud joined the Conseil National des Femmes Français when it was founded in 1901, headed by Sarah Monod. The majority of the members were moderate bourgeois republicans. The socialists were a tiny minority on the left of this movement, balanced by the Catholic Right led by Marie Maugeret. Saumoneau became hostile to feminism, seeing the class struggle as more important.She denounced "bourgeois" feminism and took little interest in problems unique to women. In 1900 Saumoneau organized a union of seamstresses, which was associated with other groups in three working-class neighborhoods of Paris. Saumoneau was elected secretary, helped by her younger sister Berthe. A strike of tailors and seamstresses employed by workshops started in the middle of February 1901. The press gave it wide coverage, particularly the feminist La Fronde, and the strikers received significant financial support. The strike ended in what was essentially defeat a month later. Saumoneau became convinced that unions must represent both men and women.In September 1901 her union was dissolved and its members joined the men's union, now open to garment workers of both sexes. Saumoneau saw that the working women had more in common with working men than with women of the bourgeoisie. She could not find a way for a woman's group to be effective outside the male-dominated unions. Saumoneau and Renaud published La Femme socialiste from 1901 to 1902. Saumoneau fell out with Renaud in 1902 and the GFS became less active. In 1905 the Socialist Party (Section Française de l'Internationale Ouvrière, SFIO) would not accept the GFS as a constituent organization, and it disappeared. <mask> revived La Femme socialiste as an educational and propaganda organ in 1912, and continued to publish it until 1940.In January 1913 <mask>, Marianne Rauze, Elisabeth Renaud and others founded the Socialist Women's Group (Groupe des Femmes Socialistes, GDFS) for women within the SFIO. Saumoneau threw out all feminists from the GDFS and started a vigorous program to recruit socialist women, which was interrupted by the outbreak of World War I. By 1914 there were 90,000 members of the Socialist party but still only 1,000 women, half of them the wives or daughters of male members. On 5 July 1914 Saumoneau led the first event of the International Working Women's Day, held just before the outbreak of war. World War I The GDFS broke up due to disagreements during World War I (July 1914 – November 1918). Saumoneau took a pacifist position. Early in 1915 Saumoneau distributed the German socialist Clara Zetkin's essay in which she called on socialist women to fight for peace."When the men kill, it is up to us women to fight for the preservation of life. When the men are silent, it is our duty to raise our voices on behalf of our ideals." Zetkin organized an international conference of socialist women in Berne, Switzerland late in March 1915 as a protest against the war. Saumoneau was the only French representative. Saumoneau pointed at that although the masses were against the war, their leaders were afraid to take a strong stand. She did not say what could be done. On her return from Berne, Saumoneau was persecuted both by the police and by her own SFIO party.When Aletta Jacobs organized a feminist and pacifist congress at The Hague in 1915 she wanted French participation but would not invite Saumoneau. In her turn, Saumoneau said she would never cooperate with Jacobs, who was from a wealthy family. The International Action Committee (Comité d'action internationale) was founded in December 1915 by French syndicalists who supported the pacifist declarations of the Zimmerwald Conference. In 1916 this was merged with the Socialist Minority Committee to form the Committee for the Resumption of International Relations (Comité pour la réprise des rélations internationales). Albert Bourderon proposed and Saumoneau supported a manifesto that said the Committee would function "until the party majority and the International Socialist Bureau resume international relations." In February 1917 the Committee for the Resumption of International Relations split up. Alphonse Merrheim withdrew to concentrate on union work.Pierre Brizon, Jean Raffin-Dugens and Bourderon joining the SFIO minority led by Jean Longuet. The socialists Fernand Loriot, Charles Rappoport, <mask> and François Mayoux took control of the committee. Post war At the Tours Congress in December 1920 the SFIO split. The majority voted to join the communist Third International and to create the French Section of the Communist International (Section française de l'Internationale communiste, SFIC). The faction led by Léon Blum and including most elected socialists, such as Paul Faure and Jean Longuet, stayed with the Second International, later to become the Labour and Socialist International and then today's Socialist International. This group retained the SFIO name. Saumoneau stayed with the socialist SFIO rather than join the French Communist Party.Saumoneau had been a strong supporter of the Third International before 1920, so this was a significant rightward shift in her views. Although Saumoneau's presence and that of other women activists had some influence within the party, the SFIO did not stand up for women's suffrage in the period before World War II. It was not until 1945 that French women gained the right to vote and to stand for election. The GDFS (Socialist Women's Group) was relaunched in 1922, and continued to 1931 when it was replaced by the National Committee of Socialist Women (Comité National des Femmes Socialistes, CNDFS). Saumoneau continued to publish Le Femme socialiste until 1940, when it closed down for the rest of World War II (1939–1945). Saumoneau revived the paper after the war, and published it from 1947 to 1949. <mask> died in 1950.Bibliography References Citations Sources 1875 births 1950 deaths French anti-capitalists French feminists French pacifists French socialists People from Poitiers

<mask> was a French feminist who later became irrelevant to the class struggle. She was a union leader and a socialist. She was active in the internationalist movement during World War I. She remained with the right of the socialist party after the majority split off to form the French Communist Party. <mask> was born in December of 1875. Her father was a cabinet maker. Her older sister moved to Paris after marrying a cabinet maker.Saumoneau's younger sister and her parents joined her older sister in Paris in 1896. She worked as a seamstress to bring in some income for the family, which included her older sister's four children. Saumoneau took a half day off from work in 1898 to attend a feminist meeting and was annoyed when they spent a lot of time discussing whether dowries were acceptable. The first Feminist Socialist Group was founded in 1899. The double oppression of women, exploited on a large scale by capitalism, subject to men by laws and especially by prejudice, was protested in the manifesto. Most of the delegates at the feminist congress were from the elite rather than working women. They were admitted reluctantly.While the attendees supported a resolution that called for an eight-hour day for industrial workers, with a full day off, they had difficulty supporting a proposal that their own maids should get the same conditions. They pushed the point. They got a cold reception. Sarah Monod founded the Conseil National des Femmes Franais in 1901. Moderate bourgeois republicans were the majority of the members. The Catholic Right balanced the left of the movement with a small group of socialists. Saumoneau saw the class struggle as more important than feminism.She didn't pay much attention to the problems unique to women. In 1900 Saumoneau organized a union of seamstresses, which was associated with other groups in Paris. Berthe helped Saumoneau become secretary. The strike of tailors and seamstresses began in the middle of February 1901. The strikers received financial support from the press and the feminist La Fronde. The strike ended a month later. Saumoneau believed unions must represent both men and women.In 1901 her union was dissolved and its members joined the men's union. The working women were more similar to working men than to women of the bourgeoisie, according to Saumoneau. She couldn't find a way for a woman's group to be effective outside the male-dominated unions. La Femme socialiste was published by Saumoneau and Renaud. The GFS became less active after Saumoneau fell out. The Socialist Party did not accept the GFS as a constituent organization in 1905. La Femme socialiste was revived as an educational and propaganda organ by <mask>au in 1912.The Socialist Women's Group was founded in January 1913 by Saumoneau and others. The outbreak of World War I interrupted Saumoneau's program to recruit socialist women. Half of the wives or daughters of male members of the Socialist party were killed in 1914. The first International Working Women's Day was held on July 5, 1914. During World War I, disagreements led to the break up of theGDFS. Saumoneau took a stance of non-violence. In 1915 Saumoneau distributed an essay by a German socialist called on socialist women to fight for peace.We have to fight for the preservation of life when the men kill. It is our duty to raise our voices when the men are silent. The international conference of socialist women was held in March 1915 as a protest against the war. The only person from France was Saumoneau. Although the mass was against the war, their leaders were afraid to take a strong stand. She didn't say what could be done. The police and the SFIO party harassed Saumoneau after she returned from Berne.Aletta Jacobs did not invite Saumoneau to the congress she organized in 1915 because she wanted French participation. Saumoneau said she wouldn't cooperate with Jacobs, who was from a wealthy family. The International Action Committee was founded in December 1915 by French syndicalists. The Socialist Minority Committee merged with the Committee for the Resumption of International Relations in 1916. Saumoneau supported a manifesto that said the Committee would function "until the party majority and the International Socialist Bureau resume international relations." The Committee for the Resumption of International Relations split in February 1917. Merrheim withdrew to focus on his union work.The SFIO minority includes Pierre Brizon, Jean Raffin-Dugens and Bourderon. The socialists took control of the committee. The SFIO split in December of 1920. The majority voted to join the communist Third International and to create the French Section of the Communist International. The Labour and Socialist International and today's Socialist International were formed after a group of elected socialists stayed with the Second International. The SFIO name was retained by this group. Instead of joining the French Communist Party, <mask> stayed with the SFIO.Prior to 1920, <mask> was a strong supporter of the Third International. The SFIO did not stand up for women's suffrage in the period before World War II despite the presence of Saumoneau and other women activists. French women gained the right to vote and stand for election in 1945. The National Committee of Socialist Women replaced the Socialist Women's Group in 1931. Le Femme socialiste was published by Saumoneau until the end of World War II. The paper was published from 1947 to 1949 by Saumoneau. <mask> died in 1950.There are references to births, deaths, feminists, and people from Poitiers.

3375473

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Parrish

Mark Parrish

Mark Daniel Parrish (born February 2, 1977) is an American former professional ice hockey right winger. Parrish has played 11 seasons and over 700 games in the NHL with the Florida Panthers, New York Islanders, Los Angeles Kings, Minnesota Wild, Dallas Stars, Tampa Bay Lightning, and Buffalo Sabres. Playing career Parrish, a native of Bloomington, Minnesota, attended Bloomington Jefferson High School and won two high school State Championships with the Jaguars in 1993 and 1994. Upon graduating from high school, Parrish joined the St. Cloud State Huskies of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA). After recording 30 points in 39 games as a freshman, Parrish was drafted in the third round, 79th overall, by the Colorado Avalanche in the 1996 NHL Entry Draft. Parrish returned to the St. Cloud for one more season, then decided to forgo his final two years of collegiate hockey to join the Seattle Thunderbirds of the Western Hockey League (WHL). A WHL West First All-Star in his only year of major junior, he scored at a goal-per-game pace with the Thunderbirds as team captain and accumulated 92 points in 54 games. Before he could appear in an NHL game, the Colorado Avalanche traded Parrish to the Florida Panthers along with a 3rd round selection in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft in exchange for veteran Tom Fitzgerald. He made his debut with the Panthers in 1998–99 and established himself as an effective power forward in the NHL, scoring 24 goals and 37 points as a rookie. After two seasons with the Panthers, Parrish was sent to the New York Islanders with left wing Oleg Kvasha in exchange for future superstars Roberto Luongo and Olli Jokinen. His production dipped to 17 goals and 30 points in his first season with the Islanders, before emerging with a career-high 30 goals, 30 assists and 60 points in 2001–02. His career-year also included an appearance in the 2002 NHL All-Star Game. In the off-season, he was re-signed to a two-year contract by the Islanders. Parrish continued to score in the 20-goal range and re-signed again with the Islanders following the 2003–04 season, but was inactive during 2004–05 due to the NHL lockout. When NHL play was set to resume the following season, Parrish signed another one-year contract worth $1.9 million on September 12, 2005. At the 2005–06 trade deadline, he was dealt to the Los Angeles Kings along with Brent Sopel for Jeff Tambellini and Denis Grebeshkov. As his one-year contract expired at the end of that season, he became an unrestricted free agent on July 1, 2006, and signed with his home-state team, the Minnesota Wild to a five-year, $13.25 million contract. Parrish played two seasons with the Wild and was given the captaincy on three occasions as part of the team's monthly rotation. However, he could not match his previous production with the Islanders. On July 30, 2008, the final three years of Parrish's contract was bought out in order to clear salary cap space and he became a free agent. Without an NHL team, Parrish signed with the Bridgeport Sound Tigers of the American Hockey League (AHL) on a 25-game tryout basis on October 22. Soon thereafter, however, the Dallas Stars signed Parrish to a 1-year, two-way contract on November 3. He made an immediate impact in his Stars debut on November 7, recording a hat trick in a 5–2 win against the Anaheim Ducks. Not re-signed by the Stars for the 2009–10 season, Parrish was invited to training camp on a tryout by the Vancouver Canucks on September 11, 2009. He was released two weeks later on September 25. On October 10, 2009, it was reported that Parrish had signed with the Norfolk Admirals of the AHL. Providing offensive support and a veteran presence Parrish was signed to a one-year contract by the Admirals NHL affiliate, the Tampa Bay Lightning on February 8, 2010. On September 17, 2010, it was announced that he would be heading to Buffalo for a tryout with the Sabres. He was released from his tryout on October 2, 2010. He was signed by Buffalo on October 6 and sent their AHL affiliate, the Portland Pirates. After spending the season with the Pirates without being recalled, Parrish was recalled by the Buffalo Sabres on February 8, 2011. On July 8, 2011, he was signed by the Ottawa Senators to a two-way contract, one-year contract. Parrish did not appear in a game with Ottawa, as he was reassigned from training camp to their AHL affiliate, the Binghamton Senators, for the duration of the 2011–12 season. In his last professional campaign Parrish scored 15 goals and 30 points in 51 games, while also serving as team captain. Following that season, Parrish ended his playing career and served as a color analyst for his alma mater, St. Cloud State, on television with Fox-9's Jim Rich. On June 11, 2015, Parrish was hired as the new head coach of the high school boys hockey team in Orono, Minnesota. Parrish and Assistant Coach Will Scholz switched roles in 2017, allowing Parrish to pursue a career in broadcasting for the New York Islanders. Under Scholz, Orono went on to win the 2018 Minnesota State High School League Championship by defeating Alexandria 2–1, with Parrish broadcasting the game. International play Along with New York Islanders teammates Rick DiPietro and Jason Blake, Parrish played for Team USA at the Winter Olympics held in Turin, Italy, in February 2006. The team was led by Peter Laviolette, Parrish's former coach with the Islanders. Team USA finished a disappointing 1–4–1, gaining its only win over Kazakhstan and eventually losing to Finland in the quarterfinals. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs International Awards and honors References External links Mark Parrish's U.S. Olympic Team bio 1977 births Living people American men's ice hockey right wingers Binghamton Senators players Bridgeport Sound Tigers players Buffalo Sabres players Colorado Avalanche draft picks Dallas Stars players Florida Panthers players Ice hockey players from Minnesota Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics Los Angeles Kings players Minnesota Wild players National Hockey League All-Stars New York Islanders players Norfolk Admirals players Olympic ice hockey players of the United States Portland Pirates players Seattle Thunderbirds players Sportspeople from Bloomington, Minnesota St. Cloud State Huskies men's ice hockey players Tampa Bay Lightning players AHCA Division I men's ice hockey All-Americans

<mask> (born February 2, 1977) is an American former professional ice hockey right winger. <mask> has played 11 seasons and over 700 games in the NHL with the Florida Panthers, New York Islanders, Los Angeles Kings, Minnesota Wild, Dallas Stars, Tampa Bay Lightning, and Buffalo Sabres. Playing career <mask>, a native of Bloomington, Minnesota, attended Bloomington Jefferson High School and won two high school State Championships with the Jaguars in 1993 and 1994. Upon graduating from high school, Parrish joined the St. Cloud State Huskies of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA). After recording 30 points in 39 games as a freshman, <mask> was drafted in the third round, 79th overall, by the Colorado Avalanche in the 1996 NHL Entry Draft. Parrish returned to the St.Cloud for one more season, then decided to forgo his final two years of collegiate hockey to join the Seattle Thunderbirds of the Western Hockey League (WHL). A WHL West First All-Star in his only year of major junior, he scored at a goal-per-game pace with the Thunderbirds as team captain and accumulated 92 points in 54 games. Before he could appear in an NHL game, the Colorado Avalanche traded <mask> to the Florida Panthers along with a 3rd round selection in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft in exchange for veteran Tom Fitzgerald. He made his debut with the Panthers in 1998–99 and established himself as an effective power forward in the NHL, scoring 24 goals and 37 points as a rookie. After two seasons with the Panthers, <mask> was sent to the New York Islanders with left wing Oleg Kvasha in exchange for future superstars Roberto Luongo and Olli Jokinen. His production dipped to 17 goals and 30 points in his first season with the Islanders, before emerging with a career-high 30 goals, 30 assists and 60 points in 2001–02. His career-year also included an appearance in the 2002 NHL All-Star Game.In the off-season, he was re-signed to a two-year contract by the Islanders. <mask> continued to score in the 20-goal range and re-signed again with the Islanders following the 2003–04 season, but was inactive during 2004–05 due to the NHL lockout. When NHL play was set to resume the following season, <mask> signed another one-year contract worth $1.9 million on September 12, 2005. At the 2005–06 trade deadline, he was dealt to the Los Angeles Kings along with Brent Sopel for Jeff Tambellini and Denis Grebeshkov. As his one-year contract expired at the end of that season, he became an unrestricted free agent on July 1, 2006, and signed with his home-state team, the Minnesota Wild to a five-year, $13.25 million contract. <mask> played two seasons with the Wild and was given the captaincy on three occasions as part of the team's monthly rotation. However, he could not match his previous production with the Islanders.On July 30, 2008, the final three years of <mask>'s contract was bought out in order to clear salary cap space and he became a free agent. Without an NHL team, <mask> signed with the Bridgeport Sound Tigers of the American Hockey League (AHL) on a 25-game tryout basis on October 22. Soon thereafter, however, the Dallas Stars signed <mask> to a 1-year, two-way contract on November 3. He made an immediate impact in his Stars debut on November 7, recording a hat trick in a 5–2 win against the Anaheim Ducks. Not re-signed by the Stars for the 2009–10 season, <mask> was invited to training camp on a tryout by the Vancouver Canucks on September 11, 2009. He was released two weeks later on September 25. On October 10, 2009, it was reported that <mask> had signed with the Norfolk Admirals of the AHL.Providing offensive support and a veteran presence <mask> was signed to a one-year contract by the Admirals NHL affiliate, the Tampa Bay Lightning on February 8, 2010. On September 17, 2010, it was announced that he would be heading to Buffalo for a tryout with the Sabres. He was released from his tryout on October 2, 2010. He was signed by Buffalo on October 6 and sent their AHL affiliate, the Portland Pirates. After spending the season with the Pirates without being recalled, <mask> was recalled by the Buffalo Sabres on February 8, 2011. On July 8, 2011, he was signed by the Ottawa Senators to a two-way contract, one-year contract. <mask> did not appear in a game with Ottawa, as he was reassigned from training camp to their AHL affiliate, the Binghamton Senators, for the duration of the 2011–12 season.In his last professional campaign <mask> scored 15 goals and 30 points in 51 games, while also serving as team captain. Following that season, <mask> ended his playing career and served as a color analyst for his alma mater, St. Cloud State, on television with Fox-9's Jim Rich. On June 11, 2015, <mask> was hired as the new head coach of the high school boys hockey team in Orono, Minnesota. <mask> and Assistant Coach Will Scholz switched roles in 2017, allowing <mask> to pursue a career in broadcasting for the New York Islanders. Under Scholz, Orono went on to win the 2018 Minnesota State High School League Championship by defeating Alexandria 2–1, with Parrish broadcasting the game. International play Along with New York Islanders teammates Rick DiPietro and Jason Blake, <mask> played for Team USA at the Winter Olympics held in Turin, Italy, in February 2006.The team was led by Peter Laviolette, <mask>'s former coach with the Islanders. Team USA finished a disappointing 1–4–1, gaining its only win over Kazakhstan and eventually losing to Finland in the quarterfinals. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs International Awards and honors References External links <mask>'s U.S. Olympic Team bio 1977 births Living people American men's ice hockey right wingers Binghamton Senators players Bridgeport Sound Tigers players Buffalo Sabres players Colorado Avalanche draft picks Dallas Stars players Florida Panthers players Ice hockey players from Minnesota Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics Los Angeles Kings players Minnesota Wild players National Hockey League All-Stars New York Islanders players Norfolk Admirals players Olympic ice hockey players of the United States Portland Pirates players Seattle Thunderbirds players Sportspeople from Bloomington, Minnesota St. Cloud State Huskies men's ice hockey players Tampa Bay Lightning players AHCA Division I men's ice hockey All-Americans

<mask> is a former professional ice hockey player. In 11 seasons in the NHL, he has played for Florida, New York Islanders, Los Angeles Kings, Minnesota Wild, Dallas Stars, and the Buffalo Sabres. While attending Bloomington Jefferson High School, he won two high school State Championships with the Jaguars. After graduating from high school, he joined the St. Cloud State is a member of the WCHA. After recording 30 points in 39 games as a freshman, <mask> was drafted in the third round, 79th overall, by the Colorado Avalanche in the 1996 NHL Entry Draft. The man returned to the St.Cloud decided to forgo his final two years of collegiate hockey to join the Seattle Thunderbirds of the Western Hockey League. In his only year of major junior, he scored at a goal-per-game pace with the Thunderbirds as team captain and accumulated 92 points in 54 games. Before he could play in an NHL game, the Colorado Avs traded him to the Florida panthers in exchange for a 3rd round pick in the 1998 NHL Entry draft. In his first season in the NHL, he scored 24 goals and 37 points and established himself as an effective power forward. The New York Islanders sent <mask> to them in exchange for future superstars Roberto Luongo and Olli Jokinen. His production dipped to 17 goals and 30 points in his first season with the Islanders, before he had a career-high 30 goals, 30 assists and 60 points in 2001. He played in the 2002 NHL All-Star Game.He was re-signed to a two-year contract by the Islanders. After scoring 20 goals in the 2002-2003 season, he was re-signed by the Islanders, but was inactive during the 2004–05 season due to the NHL Lockout. On September 12, 2005, he signed a one-year contract worth nearly $2 million. He was dealt to the Los Angeles Kings at the 2005–06 trade deadline. He became an unrestricted free agent on July 1, 2006 and signed a five-year, $13.25 million contract with the Minnesota Wild. As part of the team's monthly rotation, <mask> was given the captaincy on three occasions. He wasn't able to match his previous production with the Islanders.He became a free agent after the final three years of his contract were bought out in order to clear salary cap space. Without an NHL team, <mask> signed with the Sound Tigers of the American Hockey League on a 25-game tryout basis on October 22. The Dallas Stars signed <mask> to a 1-year, two-way contract on November 3. In his Stars debut on November 7, he recorded a hat trick in a 5–2 win against the Anaheim Ducks. Not re-signed by the Stars for the 2009–10 season, <mask> was invited to training camp on a tryout by the Canucks. He was released two weeks later. On October 10, 2009, it was reported that he had signed with the Norfolk Admirals.Providing offensive support and a veteran presence, <mask> was signed to a one-year contract by the Tampa Bay Lightning on February 8, 2010. On September 17, 2010, it was announced that he would be going to Buffalo for a tryout. He was released from his tryout. He was sent to the Portland Pirates by Buffalo on October 6. After spending the season with the Pirates without being recalled, <mask> was recalled by the Buffalo Sabres on February 8, 2011. He signed a two-way contract with the Senators on July 8, 2011. After training camp, he was sent to the Senators' American Hockey League affiliate, the Binghamton Senators, for the remainder of the season.He scored 15 goals and 30 points in 51 games in his last professional season. He ended his playing career and worked as a color analyst for his alma mater. Cloud State is on television. On June 11, 2015, he was hired as the head coach of the high school boys hockey team in Orono, Minnesota. The switch of roles allowed <mask> to pursue a career in broadcasting for the New York Islanders. Orono defeated Alexandria 2–1 to win the Minnesota State High School League Championship. Team USA played in the Winter Olympics in Torino, Italy, in February of 2006 and included New York Islanders teammates Rick DiPietro and Jason Blake.Peter Laviolette was the coach of the Islanders. Team USA won one game and lost the other, but still finished a disappointing 1–4–1. International Awards and honors include regular season and playoffs. AHCA Division I men's ice hockey All-Americans are the players from Cloud State.

44651605

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernon%20O.%20Johnson

Vernon O. Johnson

Vernon Oliver Johnson (July 21, 1920 – September 1, 1987) was an American diplomat. After losing his crew in a B17-bomber crash and spending 18 months in V.A. hospitals, Johnson dedicated himself to solving global political tensions via face-to-face dialogue. During the height of the Cold War, he traveled the world for 20 months with his wife, Anne Beckwith (Miller) Johnson and their eight children, promoting peace and world diplomacy through personal interaction. Early life Vernon Johnson was born July 21, 1920, in Spring Valley, Illinois. He graduated from Santa Barbara High School in 1937 and entered Santa Barbara State College (later to become UCSB) with a dual major in economics and political science. He was in the National Guard from 1938 to 1940. Johnson was performing onstage at the Lobero Theater on December 7, 1941 when news came of the Pearl Harbor bombing. The following March he married Anne Beckwith Miller, in June graduated with a degree in economics, and in July joined the Army Air Corps. World War II and military life Cadet and flight school Johnson was called to duty on February 5, 1943. He reported to Squadron 13 at the Santa Ana Army Air Base for testing followed by Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress pilot training at the Marfa Army Airfield and was subsequently assigned to the 15th Expeditionary Mobility Task Force, 32nd Squadron, 301st Operations Group. Combat After a brief assignment in Morocco, 1st Lieut. Johnson was based at the Foggia Airfield Complex in Italy where he piloted 26 bombing raids on military installations in Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Austria occasionally accompanied by the Tuskegee Airmen, a component of the 301st Bomb Group. November 25, 1944 he piloted "secret and confidential [radar] equipment" on an experimental run. During the mission, engine fire caused them to return to Foggia. Unable to land at Foggia, they were diverted to Iesi which resulted in the plane crashing and exploding. Seven crewmen died, and Johnson suffered major injury including dislocated hips, broken ankles and a broken arm. Flight Sergeant E.J. White, a witness from the South African Air Force on duty at the runway, reported "...the crash was undoubtedly attributable to the negligence on the part of the South African Air Force authorities in failing to lay a flare path for the emergency landing." (See linked image to right of Report of Airport Accident declassified September 10, 1982). Johnson was taken to a nearby Canadian hospital in a monastery for a five-week recovery from extensive burns, then spent 18 months in a Veterans Administration hospital for two amputations of his left leg, reconstruction to the right ankle, and multiple skin grafts. He was promoted to captain and received the Purple Heart medal for his service. Post-war life Johnson enrolled in the American Institute of Foreign Trade School (now Thunderbird School of Global Management) in 1948. The school focused on World Diplomacy and Global Economics. The following year, he was accepted in a graduate program at the University of Guadalajara, Mexico to study economics, foreign affairs, and law. Returning to Santa Barbara following graduate school, he became a businessman and real estate investor. In 1959, he bought a 1947 Ford bus that had been retired by the City of Santa Barbara and converted to a mobile home. Two-year journey opens Trans-Siberian Railway to tourists By the mid 1950s, anti-Communist influence of Senator Joe McCarthy, aided by the House Un-American Activities Committee led to the establishment of the Doolittle Report. In September 1959, when Russian Premier Nikita Khrushchev was denied permission to visit Disneyland during his U.S. tour he was angry. Headlines read "K Blows Top". On the train ride from Los Angeles to San Francisco, Khrushchev was not interested in visiting with other dignitaries. Public relations had a planned stop for him to shake hands with the mayor in Santa Barbara. Johnson, his wife, and eight children were at the train station to greet the world leader. Khrushchev looked out the train window, had eye contact with Johnson then stood, walked to the front of the train, disembarked and shook hands with the mayor, then walked 40–50 yards back to shake Johnson's hand and said (via interpreter), "You have a nice face". Johnson replied that he would take his family to Russia; Khrushchev said Russia would welcome them. The Times of London headline reported "All Change In Santa Barbara". On March 3, 1960, Vernon, Anne, and his eight children began a 20-month world journey as an education in foreign affairs that Vernon asserted could not be learned in public schools. Time-Life offered cameras, film and money to cover the trip, all refused by Johnson who sought independence abroad. They left New York on the Italian liner, the MS Vulcania to Venice. The bus went to Amsterdam, and as Johnson went north to retrieve it, the family lived in a brothel in Verona awaiting his return. From Verona they visited the site of his B17 crash before heading to Naples where their luggage from the Vulcania had been dropped. In Rome, the "Daily American" wrote "Vernon Johnson…is threatening to set the well-planned travel tour back 50 years" and quoted Johnson with saying that with the US/USSR summit in Paris derailed by 1960 U-2 incident, "I was tempted to send [Khrushchev] a cable telling him to quit lousing up our trip". That attracted the attention of Anita Ekberg of La Dolce Vita-fame, and prompted her to escort the family for a week in Rome, She, her Italian actor boyfriend Franco Silva, her producer, secretary, and others painted 4-foot long permanent autographs on the side of the bus, creating a traveling autograph album for the next 17 months. From Rome they went to France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Siberia, and Japan detailed in the book Home is Where the Bus Is, written by his wife, Anne Beckwith Johnson. From April 1960 until April 1961 Johnson appealed to every Russian embassy he visited for a two-month visa into Russia plus permission to cross Siberia. There was no road network across Siberia and the Trans-Siberian Railway had been closed to tourists since 1917. Rejected on both counts, he was offered a standard two-week visa to visit Leningrad (Now St. Petersburg) and Moscow. In May 1960, shortly before a US-USSR summit planned in Paris, the American U2 spy plane was shot down over Russia, adding tension to relations. In late April 1961, after multiple letters and visits to the Soviet Embassy in Stockholm, Russian authorities relented on visa length and issued visas to camp for two months. Once in Moscow, frequent visits to the authorities rejected any possibility of riding the Railway. On July 4, 1961, the day of the K19 Nuclear Submarine Accident, Johnson spoke again with Khrushchev at an event hosted by American Ambassador LLewellyn Thompson at the Ambassador's home in Moscow. Four days later, the Soviet Union charged Francis Gary Powers, whose U-2 spy plane was shot down over the USSR in May, with espionage. That week Johnson namedropped Khrushchev to authorities and successfully was issued a flat-car for the bus and tickets for 10 on the Railway. The only section they were not permitted to ride was the segment between Irkutsk and Khabarovsk for an undisclosed reason. A cargo plane carried them between those cities. From there they re-joined the train to Nahodka (Vladivostok was closed to travel until 1982.) From Siberia they went to Japan to visit Hiroshima 16 years after the atomic bomb was dropped. Three months later they arrived in San Francisco in November 1961, to front-page banner headlines in both the SF Chronicle and SF Examiner. Ninety miles from Santa Barbara the bus had to be towed to Santa Barbara. The trip was covered in newspapers and magazines worldwide. Post-trip: 1962–1987 In May 1962, believing that US foreign policy was not promoting the world collaboration, Johnson entered the Congressional race in Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties. He believed that America was "the light of the world…the country that had the world in its hands". Stating "We have a young and vigorous president {John F. Kennedy} who is ready to give us a first-class administration. We are held back by a Congress that suffers from a plague of backward men who vote in a block…During the next few months I am going to prove to you that [opponent] must be replaced for the good of the nation." He lost in the primaries. In 1964, Johnson purchased the Oaks Hotel in Ojai, CA with a vision of creating an artist retreat and family-like setting for teenagers. He hired a chef from the Queen Mary cruise ship, began a Sunday art show on the parking lot, hired Doodles Weaver to entertain, and brought Richard Hittleman to teach a yoga class. Unfortunately, the hotel went bankrupt before the vision could be accomplished. Johnson sold all of his properties to pay off most of his debts, and became a stay-at-home father. In 1965, William Weatherford, an Episcopal minister, and Johnson joined Martin Luther King for the March on Selma. In 1966, Johnson began a short-lived "Utopian Community" on a large tract of land on Hollister Ranch between Refugio and Gaviota. In January 1968, he announced his candidacy for President of the United States advocating a diversion of the $76 billion defense budget to finance the building of 76 new cities throughout the world as a positive approach to the world's needs for proper food, housing, education, and basic necessities. A vocal critic of the US involvement in Vietnam, he became increasingly concerned with the US role in economic-infrastructure destabilization of other countries. In 1979, during the Nicaraguan Revolution, Johnson went with a Red Cross team to bring medical supplies following the civil war. He returned again in 1983 with a group of journalists. In January 1980, during the Iran hostage crisis, Johnson traveled to Turkey requesting the Iranian embassy allow him to enter Iran to affect the release of the 52 American diplomats and citizens that had been held hostage for two months. News headlines when he arrived in Turkey included "U.S. Troop Plan for Iran Revealed (25,000 in 16 days)". After a month of appeals the Embassy would only give him papers in Turkish with no translation. He turned away from his goal. The hostages were released 11 months later on January 20, 1981. Johnson died September 1, 1987, in Santa Barbara, California. References United States Army Air Forces bomber pilots of World War II American influence in post–World War II Europe Tourism in Russia Tourism in Siberia Trans-Siberian Railway Anti-communism in the United States Aftermath of World War II in the Soviet Union and Russia McCarthyism 1920 births 1987 deaths United States Army Air Forces officers American expatriates in Mexico

<mask> (July 21, 1920 – September 1, 1987) was an American diplomat. After losing his crew in a B17-bomber crash and spending 18 months in V.A. hospitals, <mask> dedicated himself to solving global political tensions via face-to-face dialogue. During the height of the Cold War, he traveled the world for 20 months with his wife, Anne Beckwith (Miller) <mask> and their eight children, promoting peace and world diplomacy through personal interaction. Early life <mask> was born July 21, 1920, in Spring Valley, Illinois. He graduated from Santa Barbara High School in 1937 and entered Santa Barbara State College (later to become UCSB) with a dual major in economics and political science. He was in the National Guard from 1938 to 1940.<mask> was performing onstage at the Lobero Theater on December 7, 1941 when news came of the Pearl Harbor bombing. The following March he married Anne Beckwith Miller, in June graduated with a degree in economics, and in July joined the Army Air Corps. World War II and military life Cadet and flight school <mask> was called to duty on February 5, 1943. He reported to Squadron 13 at the Santa Ana Army Air Base for testing followed by Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress pilot training at the Marfa Army Airfield and was subsequently assigned to the 15th Expeditionary Mobility Task Force, 32nd Squadron, 301st Operations Group. Combat After a brief assignment in Morocco, 1st Lieut. <mask> was based at the Foggia Airfield Complex in Italy where he piloted 26 bombing raids on military installations in Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Austria occasionally accompanied by the Tuskegee Airmen, a component of the 301st Bomb Group. November 25, 1944 he piloted "secret and confidential [radar] equipment" on an experimental run.During the mission, engine fire caused them to return to Foggia. Unable to land at Foggia, they were diverted to Iesi which resulted in the plane crashing and exploding. Seven crewmen died, and <mask> suffered major injury including dislocated hips, broken ankles and a broken arm. Flight Sergeant E.J. White, a witness from the South African Air Force on duty at the runway, reported "...the crash was undoubtedly attributable to the negligence on the part of the South African Air Force authorities in failing to lay a flare path for the emergency landing." (See linked image to right of Report of Airport Accident declassified September 10, 1982). <mask> was taken to a nearby Canadian hospital in a monastery for a five-week recovery from extensive burns, then spent 18 months in a Veterans Administration hospital for two amputations of his left leg, reconstruction to the right ankle, and multiple skin grafts.He was promoted to captain and received the Purple Heart medal for his service. Post-war life <mask> enrolled in the American Institute of Foreign Trade School (now Thunderbird School of Global Management) in 1948. The school focused on World Diplomacy and Global Economics. The following year, he was accepted in a graduate program at the University of Guadalajara, Mexico to study economics, foreign affairs, and law. Returning to Santa Barbara following graduate school, he became a businessman and real estate investor. In 1959, he bought a 1947 Ford bus that had been retired by the City of Santa Barbara and converted to a mobile home. Two-year journey opens Trans-Siberian Railway to tourists By the mid 1950s, anti-Communist influence of Senator Joe McCarthy, aided by the House Un-American Activities Committee led to the establishment of the Doolittle Report.In September 1959, when Russian Premier Nikita Khrushchev was denied permission to visit Disneyland during his U.S. tour he was angry. Headlines read "K Blows Top". On the train ride from Los Angeles to San Francisco, Khrushchev was not interested in visiting with other dignitaries. Public relations had a planned stop for him to shake hands with the mayor in Santa Barbara. <mask>, his wife, and eight children were at the train station to greet the world leader. Khrushchev looked out the train window, had eye contact with <mask> then stood, walked to the front of the train, disembarked and shook hands with the mayor, then walked 40–50 yards back to shake <mask>'s hand and said (via interpreter), "You have a nice face". <mask> replied that he would take his family to Russia; Khrushchev said Russia would welcome them.The Times of London headline reported "All Change In Santa Barbara". On March 3, 1960, <mask>, Anne, and his eight children began a 20-month world journey as an education in foreign affairs that <mask> asserted could not be learned in public schools. Time-Life offered cameras, film and money to cover the trip, all refused by <mask> who sought independence abroad. They left New York on the Italian liner, the MS Vulcania to Venice. The bus went to Amsterdam, and as <mask> went north to retrieve it, the family lived in a brothel in Verona awaiting his return. From Verona they visited the site of his B17 crash before heading to Naples where their luggage from the Vulcania had been dropped. In Rome, the "Daily American" wrote "<mask>…is threatening to set the well-planned travel tour back 50 years" and quoted <mask> with saying that with the US/USSR summit in Paris derailed by 1960 U-2 incident, "I was tempted to send [Khrushchev] a cable telling him to quit lousing up our trip".That attracted the attention of Anita Ekberg of La Dolce Vita-fame, and prompted her to escort the family for a week in Rome, She, her Italian actor boyfriend Franco Silva, her producer, secretary, and others painted 4-foot long permanent autographs on the side of the bus, creating a traveling autograph album for the next 17 months. From Rome they went to France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Siberia, and Japan detailed in the book Home is Where the Bus Is, written by his wife, Anne Beckwith <mask>. From April 1960 until April 1961 <mask> appealed to every Russian embassy he visited for a two-month visa into Russia plus permission to cross Siberia. There was no road network across Siberia and the Trans-Siberian Railway had been closed to tourists since 1917. Rejected on both counts, he was offered a standard two-week visa to visit Leningrad (Now St. Petersburg) and Moscow. In May 1960, shortly before a US-USSR summit planned in Paris, the American U2 spy plane was shot down over Russia, adding tension to relations. In late April 1961, after multiple letters and visits to the Soviet Embassy in Stockholm, Russian authorities relented on visa length and issued visas to camp for two months.Once in Moscow, frequent visits to the authorities rejected any possibility of riding the Railway. On July 4, 1961, the day of the K19 Nuclear Submarine Accident, <mask> spoke again with Khrushchev at an event hosted by American Ambassador LLewellyn Thompson at the Ambassador's home in Moscow. Four days later, the Soviet Union charged Francis Gary Powers, whose U-2 spy plane was shot down over the USSR in May, with espionage. That week <mask>ped Khrushchev to authorities and successfully was issued a flat-car for the bus and tickets for 10 on the Railway. The only section they were not permitted to ride was the segment between Irkutsk and Khabarovsk for an undisclosed reason. A cargo plane carried them between those cities. From there they re-joined the train to Nahodka (Vladivostok was closed to travel until 1982.)From Siberia they went to Japan to visit Hiroshima 16 years after the atomic bomb was dropped. Three months later they arrived in San Francisco in November 1961, to front-page banner headlines in both the SF Chronicle and SF Examiner. Ninety miles from Santa Barbara the bus had to be towed to Santa Barbara. The trip was covered in newspapers and magazines worldwide. Post-trip: 1962–1987 In May 1962, believing that US foreign policy was not promoting the world collaboration, <mask> entered the Congressional race in Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties. He believed that America was "the light of the world…the country that had the world in its hands". Stating "We have a young and vigorous president {John F. Kennedy} who is ready to give us a first-class administration.We are held back by a Congress that suffers from a plague of backward men who vote in a block…During the next few months I am going to prove to you that [opponent] must be replaced for the good of the nation." He lost in the primaries. In 1964, <mask> purchased the Oaks Hotel in Ojai, CA with a vision of creating an artist retreat and family-like setting for teenagers. He hired a chef from the Queen Mary cruise ship, began a Sunday art show on the parking lot, hired Doodles Weaver to entertain, and brought Richard Hittleman to teach a yoga class. Unfortunately, the hotel went bankrupt before the vision could be accomplished. <mask> sold all of his properties to pay off most of his debts, and became a stay-at-home father. In 1965, William Weatherford, an Episcopal minister, and <mask> joined Martin Luther King for the March on Selma.In 1966, <mask> began a short-lived "Utopian Community" on a large tract of land on Hollister Ranch between Refugio and Gaviota. In January 1968, he announced his candidacy for President of the United States advocating a diversion of the $76 billion defense budget to finance the building of 76 new cities throughout the world as a positive approach to the world's needs for proper food, housing, education, and basic necessities. A vocal critic of the US involvement in Vietnam, he became increasingly concerned with the US role in economic-infrastructure destabilization of other countries. In 1979, during the Nicaraguan Revolution, <mask> went with a Red Cross team to bring medical supplies following the civil war. He returned again in 1983 with a group of journalists. In January 1980, during the Iran hostage crisis, <mask> traveled to Turkey requesting the Iranian embassy allow him to enter Iran to affect the release of the 52 American diplomats and citizens that had been held hostage for two months. News headlines when he arrived in Turkey included "U.S. Troop Plan for Iran Revealed (25,000 in 16 days)".After a month of appeals the Embassy would only give him papers in Turkish with no translation. He turned away from his goal. The hostages were released 11 months later on January 20, 1981. <mask> died September 1, 1987, in Santa Barbara, California. References United States Army Air Forces bomber pilots of World War II American influence in post–World War II Europe Tourism in Russia Tourism in Siberia Trans-Siberian Railway Anti-communism in the United States Aftermath of World War II in the Soviet Union and Russia McCarthyism 1920 births 1987 deaths United States Army Air Forces officers American expatriates in Mexico

<mask> was an American diplomat. He spent 18 months in V.A. after losing his crew in a B17-bomber crash. <mask> used face-to-face dialogue to solve global political tensions. During the height of the Cold War, he traveled the world with his wife, Anne Beckwith, and their eight children, promoting peace and world diplomacy through personal interaction. <mask> was born July 21, 1920, in Spring Valley, Illinois. He majored in economics and political science at Santa Barbara State College after graduating from Santa Barbara High School. He was a member of the National Guard.The news of the Pearl Harbor bombing came on December 7, 1941, when <mask> was performing at the Lobero Theater. He joined the Army Air Corps in July after graduating with a degree in economics. <mask> was called to duty during World War II. He was assigned to the 15th Expeditionary Mobility Task Force, 32nd Squadron, 301st Operations Group after reporting to Squadron 13 at the Santa Ana Army Air Base for testing. After a brief assignment in Morocco, 1st Lieut. At the Foggia Airfield Complex in Italy, <mask> piloted 26 bombing raids on military installations in Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Austria with the help of the Tuskegee Airmen, a component of the 301st Bomb Group. He piloted secret and confidential equipment on an experimental run.Engine fire caused them to return to Foggia. The plane crashed and exploded after they were diverted to Iesi. <mask> was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 The flight sergeant is E.J. The crash was due to the carelessness of the South African Air Force authorities in failing to lay a flare path for the emergency landing. The Report of Airport Accident was declassified in 1982. After spending five weeks in a Canadian hospital for burns, <mask> was taken to a Veterans Administration hospital for two amputations of his left leg and a reconstruction of his right ankle.He received the Purple Heart medal for his service. <mask> attended the American Institute of Foreign Trade School in 1948. World Diplomacy and Global Economics were the focus of the school. He was accepted into a graduate program at the University of Guadalajara, Mexico to study economics, foreign affairs, and law. He returned to Santa Barbara after graduate school and became a real estate investor. He bought a 1947 Ford bus that had been retired by the City of Santa Barbara and turned it into a mobile home. By the mid 1950s, anti-Communist influence of Senator Joe McCarthy, aided by the House Un-American Activities Committee, led to the establishment of the Doolittle Report.Nikita Khrushchev was angry when he was denied permission to visit Disneyland. The headline read "K Blows Top". Khrushchev was not interested in visiting with other people on the train. He was going to shake the mayor's hand in Santa Barbara. The world leader was greeted by <mask> and his family at the train station. Khrushchev looked out the train window, had eye contact with <mask> then stood, walked to the front of the train, disembarked and shook hands with the mayor. <mask> said he would take his family to Russia."All Change In Santa Barbara" was reported by the Times of London. On March 3, 1960, <mask>, Anne, and his eight children began a 20-month world journey as an education in foreign affairs that <mask> claimed could not be learned in public schools. Time-Life offered cameras, film and money to cover the trip, but <mask> refused. They left New York on the Italian liner. The family lived in a brothel in Verona as <mask> went north to retrieve the bus. They went to Naples after visiting the site of his crash in Verona. "<mask> is threatening to set the well- planned travel tour back 50 years" was written by the "Daily American" in Rome.She, her Italian actor boyfriend Franco Silva, her producer, secretary, and others painted 4-foot long permanent autographs on the side of the bus in order to escort the family for a week in Rome. The book Home is Where the Bus Is was written by his wife, Anne Beckwith <mask>. <mask> appealed to every Russian embassy he visited to grant him a two-month visa into Russia and permission to cross Siberia. The Trans-Siberian Railway was closed to tourists since 1917. The standard two-week visa was 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 was 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 was 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 was 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 was 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 In May 1960, the American U2 spy plane was shot down over Russia, adding to the tension between the US and Russia. Russian authorities relented on visa length and issued visas to camp for two months after a number of letters and visits to the Soviet Embassy in Sweden.The authorities in Moscow wouldn't allow anyone to ride the Railway. On July 4, 1961, <mask> spoke with Khrushchev at an event hosted by the American Ambassador in Moscow. The U-2 spy plane was shot down by the Soviet Union in May, and Francis Gary Powers was charged with espionage four days later. <mask>ped Khrushchev. They were not allowed to ride the segment between Irkutsk and Khabarovsk because of an undisclosed reason. There was a cargo plane that carried them. They joined the train to Nahodka, which was closed until 1982.They went to Japan after the atomic bomb was dropped. In November 1961, they arrived in San Francisco to front-page headlines in both the SF Chronicle and SF Examiner. The bus had to be towed to Santa Barbara. The trip was covered all over the world. In May 1962, <mask> entered the Congressional race in Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties because he believed US foreign policy was not promoting world collaboration. He believed that America had the world in its hands and that it was the light of the world. John F. Kennedy is ready to give us a first-class administration.There is a plague of backward men who vote in a block in Congress and I am going to prove to you that they must be replaced for the good of the nation. He lost in the primary. In 1964, <mask> purchased the Oaks Hotel in Ojai, CA with a vision of creating an artist retreat and family-like setting for teenagers. He brought Richard Hittleman to teach a yoga class, hired a chef from the Queen Mary cruise ship, and started an art show on the parking lot. The vision was not accomplished before the hotel went bankrupt. <mask> became a stay-at- home father after selling his properties to pay off most of his debts. In 1965, Martin Luther King and <mask> were joined by an Episcopal minister.The "Utopian Community" was on a large tract of land on Hollister Ranch between Refugio and Gaviota. In January 1968, he announced his candidacy for President of the United States advocating a diversion of the $76 billion defense budget to finance the building of 76 new cities throughout the world as a positive approach to the world's needs for proper food, housing, education, and basic necessities. He became more concerned with the US role in economic-infrastructure destabilization of other countries as a vocal critic of the US involvement in Vietnam. <mask> went with a Red Cross team to bring medical supplies after the civil war. He came back in 1983 with a group of journalists. During the Iran hostage crisis in 1980, <mask> traveled to Turkey in order to get the Iranian embassy to allow him to enter Iran. The news headlines when he arrived in Turkey were about the U.S. troop plan for Iran.The Embassy only gave him papers in Turkish after a month of appeals. He turned away from the goal. The hostages were released in January 1981. On September 1, 1987, <mask> died in Santa Barbara, California. There are references to the United States Army Air Forces bomber pilots of World War II.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristides%20Le%C3%A3o

Aristides Leão

Aristides Azevedo Pacheco Leão (Rio de Janeiro August 3, 1914 - São Paulo, December 14, 1993) was a Brazilian neurophysiologist, researcher and university professor. Grand Cross of the National Order of Scientific Merit and a full member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, Aristides discovered and described the spreading depression, which also became known as "The Leão's Wave". This depression is a reaction in the cerebral cortex that can be induced by touch or electric shock. Its description helps in the diagnosis of diseases such as epilepsy and migraine. It occurs not only in the brain, but also in other neural structures. Aristides was president of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences between 1967 and 1981 and defended scientists persecuted by the military dictatoship, besides having created scientific publications and having closed important scientific collaborations of the academy. Elected president emeritus of the institution, the academy's library now bears his name. Biography Aristides was born in August 3, 1914, from a traditional family in the city of Rio de Janeiro, being the youngest of seven siblings. He never met his father, Manoel Pacheco Leão, who died shortly before Aristides was born. His mother, the painter Francisca Azevedo Leão, raised the children alone, with the help of her brother-in-law, the biologist and director of the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, Antônio Pacheco Leão, to help in the children's education. While living in a large house in the Laranjeiras neighborhood, the family was also helped by a British nanny of whom no records exist. Aristides entered the São Paulo School of Medicine, in 1932, at the age of 18. However, he got tuberculosis in his second year and had to stop the course for two years, going for treatment in Belo Horizonte. When he recovered, he decided he would like to work in scientific research and left for the United States in 1941 where he was admitted to Harvard University Medical School. He received his master's degree in 1942 and his doctorate of science in 1943. Career In 1943, he became an adjunct researcher at Harvard's Department of Anatomy, where he identified the phenomenon of spreading depression, and although he had the opportunity to work in the United States, he preferred to return to Brazil in 1944, at the age of 32. Invited by Carlos Chagas Filho, he joined the new Biophysics Institute, which was still being structured. There he could work with Gustavo de Oliveira Castro, Romualdo José do Carmo and , where he did his work on spreading depression. The instruments in his laboratory in Brazil were salvaged from scrap metal, but they were so carefully maintained that they were always ready for use, but despite the conditions, he did not abandon his work and so published his first article in Brazil. His first article on spreading depression, 'Spreading depression of electrical activity in the cerebral cortex' caused the world to start calling the phenomenon Leão's spreading depression. Aristides was director of the institute (1966-1970) and emeritus head of the neurobiology department (1984-1993). He became an associate of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences (1948) and full member (1951) and was its vice-president (1955-1957/1965-1967) and president for seven consecutive terms (1967-1981). He was a member of the Deliberative Council at CNPq (1960–74) and then its scientific advisor (1975–84). During the Brazilian military dictatorship, as President of the ABC, he also defended the Revista Brasileira de Biologia (Brazilian Journal of Biology), after its editors were arrested by the repression. Also when president he encouraged scientific cooperation between Brazil and other countries. After the cesium leak in Goiânia, in 1988, he became the president of the State Commission of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, newly created at the time. Between 1985 and 1991, he participated in the Planning and Science and Technology Secretariats of the Presidency of the Republic, as member and president of the Special Follow-up Group (GEA) of the Scientific Development Support Program (PADCT). After his mandatory retirement, he was named Laboratory Head Emeritus of the Department of Neurobiology of the Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, where he remained for nine more years as a CNPq research fellow. Leão's Wave Aristides Leão discovered the phenomenon while working on his thesis at Harvard in 1944. He named the phenomenon "spreading depression", but it became known as "the Leão's wave". The true causes of this depression are not known, but it can be induced by electric shocks. The description of this illness helped in the diagnosis of other diseases such as epilepsy. According to Leão's later investigations, it occurs not only in the brain, but also in other neural structures. His research on spreading depression is still widely cited within the medical literature and the spreading depression, in the case of brain damage, can be reversed provided that the blood flow is restored quickly. However, there is no guarantee that the neurons may survive. History of Discovery The earliest origin of what has come to be known as spreading depression dates back to 1906, when Sir. William Richard Gowers, in a lecture on epilepsy, noted that “a peculiar spreading disturbance of the nerve structures is evident” and that lasts for several minutes, something that was confirmed and described by Aristides Leão in this way: While working on his PhD thesis at Harvard under the supervision of Hallowell Davis, Leão aimed to study "experimental "epilepsy". To perform the experiment he opened anesthetized rabbit skulls and placed a row of silver electrodes in contact with the cortical surface, with two serving for stimulation. However, instead of a seizure-like discharge, the stimulation was followed by a flattening of the brain waves in a kind of domino effect, which recovered in the same way. questions whether the ease with which this phenomenon can be caused did not cause other researchers to have observed it before Leão and dismissed it as an "annoying interruption of work" and goes on to say that this phenomenon intrigued him and became the main topic of Aristides' work, with his first article demonstrating the basic characteristics that have been confirmed by other researchers. In a following article he described how blood vessels behave during the event. The third article in focus by , made after Leão's return to Rio de Janeiro, deals with the slow voltage change that accompanies the phenomenon and the complete cerebral ischemia. Over the years other articles on the subject have been done, but it is still not understood why the spreading depression occurs. Awards The researcher is also remembered for his outstanding performance as president of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences between 1967 and 1981. His contribution to science earned him important scientific awards, such as the Einstein Award in 1961; the in 1973 and the Moinho Santista Award (now the Bunge Foundation Award), in 1974 and 1977. He also received posthumous tribute from the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, whose library today bears his name, being elected president emeritus of this institution on December 20, 1993. Death Aristides died on December 14, 1993, in São Paulo, at the age of 79, due to respiratory failure. He was buried in Rio de Janeiro, in the family grave. Legacy According to Rodrigo Polito at Uol, Aristides is the author of one of the most cited physiology articles in the world and has dedicated his life to the development of science in his native country. In 2002 it was demonstrated that depolarization occurs in human brains and in 2018, the article "Terminal spreading depolarization and electrical silence in death of human cerebral cortex", published in Annals of Neurology, for the first time revealed that the spreading depression described by Leão occurs in the human brain after the end of cardiac activity. In a possible coincidence, co-author Jed Hartings discovered that the series Star Trek: The Next Generation had laid out this process in general form in the episode Skin of Evil in much the same way as the 2018 research, which leads co-researcher Jens Dreier to believe that the scriptwriters may have found similar research (or even Aristides') and used the premise. Personal life Aristides enjoyed sport fishing, classical composers, Brazilian popular music and being considered by his colleagues as having a "prodigious culture", his ornithology collection surpassed that of the National Museum, although he considered himself an amateur in the field. In doing so, he also developed as a naturalist and had in Charles Darwin his main reference. He also behaved as a humble person, despite his academic position and achievements. considers Aristides to be the father of bioacoustics in Brazil. Carlos Chagas Filho described him as "...one of the greatest scientists I knew, he was extremely simple and cultured, a great stimulator of research among young people and an exceptional professor of general and comparative physiology..." who left a great number of disciples in Brazil and abroad, besides having had a great influence on the projection of the Institute of Biophysics as an institution of excellence abroad. Scientific papers See also Neuroscience Migraine Headache References Note Bibliography (Internet Archive) External links 1914 births 1993 deaths 20th-century Brazilian scientists Neurophysiologists 20th-century physicians Recipients of the Great Cross of the National Order of Scientific Merit (Brazil) University of São Paulo alumni Harvard Medical School alumni Members of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences Federal University of Rio de Janeiro faculty Deaths from respiratory failure Brazilian neuroscientists People from Rio de Janeiro (city) People associated with Federal University of Rio de Janeiro

<mask> (Rio de Janeiro August 3, 1914 - São Paulo, December 14, 1993) was a Brazilian neurophysiologist, researcher and university professor. Grand Cross of the National Order of Scientific Merit and a full member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, <mask> discovered and described the spreading depression, which also became known as "The Leão's Wave". This depression is a reaction in the cerebral cortex that can be induced by touch or electric shock. Its description helps in the diagnosis of diseases such as epilepsy and migraine. It occurs not only in the brain, but also in other neural structures. <mask> was president of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences between 1967 and 1981 and defended scientists persecuted by the military dictatoship, besides having created scientific publications and having closed important scientific collaborations of the academy. Elected president emeritus of the institution, the academy's library now bears his name.Biography <mask> was born in August 3, 1914, from a traditional family in the city of Rio de Janeiro, being the youngest of seven siblings. He never met his father, Manoel Pacheco <mask>, who died shortly before <mask> was born. His mother, the painter Francisca Azevedo <mask>, raised the children alone, with the help of her brother-in-law, the biologist and director of the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, Antônio Pacheco <mask>, to help in the children's education. While living in a large house in the Laranjeiras neighborhood, the family was also helped by a British nanny of whom no records exist. <mask> entered the São Paulo School of Medicine, in 1932, at the age of 18. However, he got tuberculosis in his second year and had to stop the course for two years, going for treatment in Belo Horizonte. When he recovered, he decided he would like to work in scientific research and left for the United States in 1941 where he was admitted to Harvard University Medical School.He received his master's degree in 1942 and his doctorate of science in 1943. Career In 1943, he became an adjunct researcher at Harvard's Department of Anatomy, where he identified the phenomenon of spreading depression, and although he had the opportunity to work in the United States, he preferred to return to Brazil in 1944, at the age of 32. Invited by Carlos Chagas Filho, he joined the new Biophysics Institute, which was still being structured. There he could work with Gustavo de Oliveira Castro, Romualdo José do Carmo and , where he did his work on spreading depression. The instruments in his laboratory in Brazil were salvaged from scrap metal, but they were so carefully maintained that they were always ready for use, but despite the conditions, he did not abandon his work and so published his first article in Brazil. His first article on spreading depression, 'Spreading depression of electrical activity in the cerebral cortex' caused the world to start calling the phenomenon Leão's spreading depression. <mask> was director of the institute (1966-1970) and emeritus head of the neurobiology department (1984-1993).He became an associate of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences (1948) and full member (1951) and was its vice-president (1955-1957/1965-1967) and president for seven consecutive terms (1967-1981). He was a member of the Deliberative Council at CNPq (1960–74) and then its scientific advisor (1975–84). During the Brazilian military dictatorship, as President of the ABC, he also defended the Revista Brasileira de Biologia (Brazilian Journal of Biology), after its editors were arrested by the repression. Also when president he encouraged scientific cooperation between Brazil and other countries. After the cesium leak in Goiânia, in 1988, he became the president of the State Commission of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, newly created at the time. Between 1985 and 1991, he participated in the Planning and Science and Technology Secretariats of the Presidency of the Republic, as member and president of the Special Follow-up Group (GEA) of the Scientific Development Support Program (PADCT). After his mandatory retirement, he was named Laboratory Head Emeritus of the Department of Neurobiology of the Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, where he remained for nine more years as a CNPq research fellow.<mask>'s Wave Aristides <mask> discovered the phenomenon while working on his thesis at Harvard in 1944. He named the phenomenon "spreading depression", but it became known as "the Leão's wave". The true causes of this depression are not known, but it can be induced by electric shocks. The description of this illness helped in the diagnosis of other diseases such as epilepsy. According to <mask>'s later investigations, it occurs not only in the brain, but also in other neural structures. His research on spreading depression is still widely cited within the medical literature and the spreading depression, in the case of brain damage, can be reversed provided that the blood flow is restored quickly. However, there is no guarantee that the neurons may survive.History of Discovery The earliest origin of what has come to be known as spreading depression dates back to 1906, when Sir. William Richard Gowers, in a lecture on epilepsy, noted that “a peculiar spreading disturbance of the nerve structures is evident” and that lasts for several minutes, something that was confirmed and described by <mask> <mask> in this way: While working on his PhD thesis at Harvard under the supervision of Hallowell Davis, <mask> aimed to study "experimental "epilepsy". To perform the experiment he opened anesthetized rabbit skulls and placed a row of silver electrodes in contact with the cortical surface, with two serving for stimulation. However, instead of a seizure-like discharge, the stimulation was followed by a flattening of the brain waves in a kind of domino effect, which recovered in the same way. questions whether the ease with which this phenomenon can be caused did not cause other researchers to have observed it before <mask> and dismissed it as an "annoying interruption of work" and goes on to say that this phenomenon intrigued him and became the main topic of <mask>' work, with his first article demonstrating the basic characteristics that have been confirmed by other researchers. In a following article he described how blood vessels behave during the event. The third article in focus by , made after <mask>'s return to Rio de Janeiro, deals with the slow voltage change that accompanies the phenomenon and the complete cerebral ischemia.Over the years other articles on the subject have been done, but it is still not understood why the spreading depression occurs. Awards The researcher is also remembered for his outstanding performance as president of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences between 1967 and 1981. His contribution to science earned him important scientific awards, such as the Einstein Award in 1961; the in 1973 and the Moinho Santista Award (now the Bunge Foundation Award), in 1974 and 1977. He also received posthumous tribute from the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, whose library today bears his name, being elected president emeritus of this institution on December 20, 1993. Death <mask> died on December 14, 1993, in São Paulo, at the age of 79, due to respiratory failure. He was buried in Rio de Janeiro, in the family grave. Legacy According to Rodrigo Polito at Uol, <mask> is the author of one of the most cited physiology articles in the world and has dedicated his life to the development of science in his native country.In 2002 it was demonstrated that depolarization occurs in human brains and in 2018, the article "Terminal spreading depolarization and electrical silence in death of human cerebral cortex", published in Annals of Neurology, for the first time revealed that the spreading depression described by <mask> occurs in the human brain after the end of cardiac activity. In a possible coincidence, co-author Jed Hartings discovered that the series Star Trek: The Next Generation had laid out this process in general form in the episode Skin of Evil in much the same way as the 2018 research, which leads co-researcher Jens Dreier to believe that the scriptwriters may have found similar research (or even Aristides') and used the premise. Personal life Aristides enjoyed sport fishing, classical composers, Brazilian popular music and being considered by his colleagues as having a "prodigious culture", his ornithology collection surpassed that of the National Museum, although he considered himself an amateur in the field. In doing so, he also developed as a naturalist and had in Charles Darwin his main reference. He also behaved as a humble person, despite his academic position and achievements. considers <mask> to be the father of bioacoustics in Brazil. Carlos Chagas Filho described him as "...one of the greatest scientists I knew, he was extremely simple and cultured, a great stimulator of research among young people and an exceptional professor of general and comparative physiology..." who left a great number of disciples in Brazil and abroad, besides having had a great influence on the projection of the Institute of Biophysics as an institution of excellence abroad.Scientific papers See also Neuroscience Migraine Headache References Note Bibliography (Internet Archive) External links 1914 births 1993 deaths 20th-century Brazilian scientists Neurophysiologists 20th-century physicians Recipients of the Great Cross of the National Order of Scientific Merit (Brazil) University of São Paulo alumni Harvard Medical School alumni Members of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences Federal University of Rio de Janeiro faculty Deaths from respiratory failure Brazilian neuroscientists People from Rio de Janeiro (city) People associated with Federal University of Rio de Janeiro

<mask> was a Brazilian professor. The Leo's Wave, also known as the spreading depression, was discovered by the Grand Cross of the National Order of Scientific Merit and a full member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences. This depression can be caused by touch or electric shock in the cerebral cortex. It helps in the diagnosis of diseases. It happens in other neural structures as well. During his time as president of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, <mask> created scientific publications and had closed important scientific collaborations. The academy's library is now named after him.<mask> was the youngest of seven siblings and was born on August 3, 1914. Manoel Pacheco Leo died before <mask> was born. His mother, the painter Francisca Azevedo Leo, raised the children alone with the help of her brother-in-law, the biologist and director of the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden. The family lived in a large house in the Laranjeiras neighborhood and was helped by a British nanny who had no records. Aristide entered the So Paulo School of Medicine at the age of 18. He was 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 800-273-3217 After recovering, he decided he wanted to work in scientific research and left the United States for Harvard University Medical School in 1941.He received a master's degree in 1942 and a doctorate of science in 1943. Although he had the chance to work in the United States, he preferred to return to Brazil at the age of 32 after he identified the phenomenon of spreading depression. Carlos Chagas Filho invited him to join the new Biophysics Institute. He did his work of spreading depression with other people. The instruments in his laboratory in Brazil were salvaged from scrap metal, but they were so carefully maintained that they were always ready for use, but despite the conditions, he did not abandon his work and so published his first article in Brazil. The phenomenon of Leo's spreading depression was caused by his first article, 'Spreading depression of electrical activity in the cerebral cortex'. <mask> was the director of the institute and the head of the neurobiology department.He was the president of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences for seven consecutive terms from 1967. He was a member of the Deliberative Council at CNPq. He defended the Revista Brasileira de Biologia after its editors were arrested by the military dictatorship. The president encouraged scientific cooperation between Brazil and other countries. He became the president of the State Commission of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety in 1988 after the Goinia leak. He was a member and president of the Special Follow-up Group (GEA) of the Scientific Development Support Program (PADCT) between 1985 and 1991. He remained as a CNPq research fellow for nine more years after he retired from the Carlos Chagas Filho Institute.While working on his thesis at Harvard, Leo discovered the phenomenon. He named the phenomenon "spreading depression", but it became known as "the Leo's wave". The depression can be caused by electric shocks. The description of this illness helped in the diagnosis of other diseases. It occurs in other neural structures as well, according to Leo's investigations. In the case of brain damage, the spreading of depression can be reversed if the blood flow is restored quickly. There is no guarantee that the neurons will survive.The history of spreading depression goes back to 1906 when Sir. While working on his PhD thesis at Harvard, <mask> Leo was able to confirm what William Richard Gowers had noted in his lecture: that a peculiar spreading disturbance of the nerve structures is evident and that it lasts for several minutes. To perform the experiment, he opened anesthetized rabbit skulls and placed a row of silver electrodes in contact with the cortical surface. Instead of a seizure-like discharge, the stimulation followed by a flattening of the brain waves resulted in a domino effect. Questions whether the ease with which this phenomenon can be caused did not cause other researchers to have observed it before Leo, and goes on to say that this phenomenon intrigued him and became the main topic of <mask>' work. He wrote about how blood vessels behave during an event. The third article in focus by, made after Leo's return to Rio de Janeiro, deals with the slow voltage change that accompanies the phenomenon.Over the years there have been other articles on the subject, but they still don't understand why the depression occurs. The researcher is remembered for his performance as president of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences. His contributions to science earned him awards, such as the Einstein Award in 1961, the Moinho Santista Award in 1973, and the Bunge Foundation Award in 1977. The Brazilian Academy of Sciences elected him president emeritus on December 20, 1993 and his library bears his name. Death <mask> passed away on December 14, 1993 in So Paulo, due to respiratory failure. He was buried in his family's grave. The author of one of the most cited articles in the world is <mask>, who has devoted his life to the development of science in his native country.The article "Terminal spreading depolarization and electrical silence in death of human cerebral cortex", published in Annals of Neurology, for the first time revealed that the spreading depression described by Leo occurs in the human. In a possible coincidence, co-author Jed Hartings discovered that the series Star Trek: The Next Generation had laid out this process in general form in the episode Skin of Evil, which leads co-researcher Jens Dreier to believe that. His ornithology collection surpassed that of the National Museum, although he considered himself an amateur in the field, because he enjoyed sport fishing, classical composers, Brazilian popular music and being considered by his colleagues as having a "prodigious culture". He had in Charles Darwin his main reference. Despite his achievements, he behaved as a humble person. The father of bioacoustics in Brazil is <mask>. Carlos Chagas Filho described him as "one of the greatest scientists I knew, he was extremely simple and cultured, a great stimulator of research among young people and an exceptional professor of general and comparative physiology."The Great Cross of the National Order of Scientific Merit are recipients of the Neuroscience Migraine Headache References Note.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Drake%20%28hiker%29

Tony Drake (hiker)

Tony Drake (Antony John Drake MBE (25 January 1923 – 7 March 2012) was an English Rambler perhaps best known for his pioneering work on the Cambrian Way, a mountain walk through Wales from Cardiff to Conwy. He was closely involved with surveying a suitable route and in promoting the route amidst considerable disagreement and opposition. The route was eventually published in his guidebook entitled Cambrian Way – The Mountain Connoisseur's Walk and it became the definitive route of the way. Much of his life was dedicated to footpaths both in his native county of Gloucestershire and also in Wales, where much of his walking and mountain climbing took place. He was first recorded as Footpath Secretary to the Gloucestershire Ramblers in 1951, at the age of 28 and he continued in the office until his retirement in 2008. He was also a major contributor to the creation of the Cotswold Way, which acquired National Trail status in 2007, and he was also an active member of the Youth Hostel Association. In 2001 he was awarded an MBE for Services to rights of way. Early life Born on 25 January 1923, Tony was the only child of Leslie and Gladys Drake. He was educated at Pates Junior School and at Wycliffe College, Stroud. At Wycliffe he joined the Scouts and relished outdoor pursuits. The Wycliffe boys enjoyed a fair amount of freedom. At weekends they took ferry trips across the River Severn for expeditions to the then remote and industrialised Forest of Dean, with its coal mines and iron works. This was a very different Forest from the green and beautiful place which is so attractive to tourists today. He was on a school expedition to the Mediterranean when World War II was declared. The party, undaunted, carried on and completed the trip. He left school at the age of 16 and entered the family business. Drakes was a significant department store, established in 1888 in Cheltenham by his grandfather. In order to train Tony for his intended ultimate role of proprietor of Drakes, he was sent to learn the business, starting at the bottom, at the Bon Marche, now Debenhams, in Gloucester. This business training seems to have been thorough because it stood Tony in good stead in his chosen role of Gloucestershire Ramblers Association Area Footpath Secretary. At the age of 18 he volunteered to join the Royal Air Force and trained as a radar technician. During this time he was posted to various far flung locations in Britain. He was demobbed in 1946. Adult life From 1946 until the 1970s, he worked at Drakes Department Store, where he was known as 'Mr Antony'. At some point, Drake took up Morris Dancing, which he asserted was for tough men doing strenuous warlike dancing, and in due course became the secretary to the group in which he played accordion. He took walking holidays with Cooperative Holiday Association and Holiday Fellowship in England, and with Ramblers Holidays in Europe. Travel at that time was always something of an adventure. Though working in the family business, his real interest was the mountains, countryside and walking. He was inspired by the passing of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 and the subsequent Acts which opened up opportunities for walkers. This legislation led to the creation of the Definitive Map, where all rights of way were to be registered, and Drake and his teams of Ramblers' volunteers were deeply involved in survey work, and in recording the newly defined rights of way. He obtained copies of the 1:10,000 Ordnance Survey maps and organised his teams to mark up, in colour, the rights of way onto hundreds of maps, and he ensured that they were constantly kept up to date as new footpaths were registered. His maps and his files, one for each of over 200 parishes in Gloucestershire, were transferred to Gloucestershire County Council Archives, according to his wishes, just one week before he died. Drake was not only a walker, he was also a keen mountaineer who climbed extensively in the Alps. More easily accessible, though, were the Welsh mountains, a not too distant drive from Gloucestershire. In 1955 he became a founder member of the Gloucestershire Mountaineering Club, playing a major part in the club's acquisition and conversion of a terraced house in Deiniolen, in Snowdonia, for use as a 'Club Hut', a base for mountaineering activities in that area. He became Hut Manager for several years and later became Club President. During this period, the 1970s, he was accompanied by club members on many of the surveys, from which he developed his proposals for the Cambrian Way. Later life Drake inherited the family business from his father in the early 1970s. He had long been more interested in the countryside than the business, although he did continue to run the business for a few years. However, times were changing and old established family firms were losing ground to newer ways of retailing, so Drake decided to sell up and to live off the income from the proceeds. He was then able to devote his time to the real love of his life, the Ramblers Association (now The Ramblers). He served on the Ramblers board of trustees for 20 years and finally stood down in 2000. At General Council that year, he was made an Honorary Life Member for services to the Association. Drake was a major contributor to the creation of the Cotswold Way – the 100-mile walk, which he visualised as a cliff top walk along the Cotswold edge, with occasional descents down the escarpment, and back up again, in order to take in the beauties of the lovely villages along the Way. He created a series of Cotswold Way maps, based on out-of-copyright Ordnance Survey maps, marking the route with stick-on dots to create masters, which he subsequently had printed, selling thousands of them. He also created the Cotswold Way Handbook and Accommodation Guide for the walk. In May 2007, the Cotswold Way was officially inaugurated as a National Trail with Drake and his fellow creator, Cyril Trenfield of Avon Area, as guests of honour at the celebratory event at Stanway House. He was a very active member of the YHA Youth Hostel Association in Wales and when he left Gloucestershire at the weekends he could often be found with a paint brush or tools in his hand, hard at work enhancing the limited resources of the most rural hostels tucked away in mid Wales. He always had a preference for the simple hostels, where he could hark back to his early Scouting days. White Roads Campaign Of lasting national importance was Drake's 'White Roads Campaign'. These were the class 4, 5 and 6 roads, shown white on Ordnance Survey maps as minor roads and which were often unmetalled, and hence vulnerable, at a time when government grants were being given for hedgerow removal in order to accommodate agricultural machinery of ever increasing size. Through these efforts, many of these ORPAs (Other Routes for Public Access) were preserved and are now marked on Ordnance Survey maps as green dots. Cambrian Way Perhaps Drake's greatest creation was the Cambrian Way, an imaginative and challenging long-distance trail for mountain connoisseurs, covering a distance of with an ascent of feet on the main route (measured using the latest Ordnance Survey online 'OS Maps' website). The route goes over many of the mountain ranges between Cardiff and Conwy, taking in some of the finest scenery in Wales, much of it remote and unspoiled. Again, Drake created a guidebook, with hand drawn maps and a detailed route description, a list of B&B accommodation and prefaced by a history of its creation. At his instigation, there is now a website for the Cambrian Way. He took particular interest in the Youth Hostel Association hostels along the Way and he regularly updated the framed maps in those hostels. Due to strong opposition from some public bodies and landowners in earlier years, the route never achieved official recognition within Drake's lifetime, though it was and still is followed by those who are prepared for the challenge, as an unofficial trail. Though he did press to have the route accepted as a National Trail, this would have meant compromising some of the more challenging parts of the route, which could still be included with its unofficial status. However, he was mindful of the need for action to ensure its long-term future and he made some provision for this in his will. The majority of Drake's estate was left to the organisations he had strong attachments to throughout his life such as The Ramblers and the YHA with the aim of promoting and maintaining the Cambrian Way and enhancing the facilities in some hostels. His legacy also involved the setting up of the Cambrian Way Trust (Officially registered on 1 October 2015) to continue updating and publishing the guidebook and website. References External links Guardian Obituary to Tony Drake 1923 births 2012 deaths Hikers British non-fiction writers Members of the Order of the British Empire

<mask> (<mask> MBE (25 January 1923 – 7 March 2012) was an English Rambler perhaps best known for his pioneering work on the Cambrian Way, a mountain walk through Wales from Cardiff to Conwy. He was closely involved with surveying a suitable route and in promoting the route amidst considerable disagreement and opposition. The route was eventually published in his guidebook entitled Cambrian Way – The Mountain Connoisseur's Walk and it became the definitive route of the way. Much of his life was dedicated to footpaths both in his native county of Gloucestershire and also in Wales, where much of his walking and mountain climbing took place. He was first recorded as Footpath Secretary to the Gloucestershire Ramblers in 1951, at the age of 28 and he continued in the office until his retirement in 2008. He was also a major contributor to the creation of the Cotswold Way, which acquired National Trail status in 2007, and he was also an active member of the Youth Hostel Association. In 2001 he was awarded an MBE for Services to rights of way.Early life Born on 25 January 1923, <mask> was the only child of Leslie and <mask>. He was educated at Pates Junior School and at Wycliffe College, Stroud. At Wycliffe he joined the Scouts and relished outdoor pursuits. The Wycliffe boys enjoyed a fair amount of freedom. At weekends they took ferry trips across the River Severn for expeditions to the then remote and industrialised Forest of Dean, with its coal mines and iron works. This was a very different Forest from the green and beautiful place which is so attractive to tourists today. He was on a school expedition to the Mediterranean when World War II was declared.The party, undaunted, carried on and completed the trip. He left school at the age of 16 and entered the family business. Drakes was a significant department store, established in 1888 in Cheltenham by his grandfather. In order to train <mask> for his intended ultimate role of proprietor of Drakes, he was sent to learn the business, starting at the bottom, at the Bon Marche, now Debenhams, in Gloucester. This business training seems to have been thorough because it stood <mask> in good stead in his chosen role of Gloucestershire Ramblers Association Area Footpath Secretary. At the age of 18 he volunteered to join the Royal Air Force and trained as a radar technician. During this time he was posted to various far flung locations in Britain.He was demobbed in 1946. Adult life From 1946 until the 1970s, he worked at Drakes Department Store, where he was known as 'Mr Antony'. At some point, <mask> took up Morris Dancing, which he asserted was for tough men doing strenuous warlike dancing, and in due course became the secretary to the group in which he played accordion. He took walking holidays with Cooperative Holiday Association and Holiday Fellowship in England, and with Ramblers Holidays in Europe. Travel at that time was always something of an adventure. Though working in the family business, his real interest was the mountains, countryside and walking. He was inspired by the passing of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 and the subsequent Acts which opened up opportunities for walkers.This legislation led to the creation of the Definitive Map, where all rights of way were to be registered, and <mask> and his teams of Ramblers' volunteers were deeply involved in survey work, and in recording the newly defined rights of way. He obtained copies of the 1:10,000 Ordnance Survey maps and organised his teams to mark up, in colour, the rights of way onto hundreds of maps, and he ensured that they were constantly kept up to date as new footpaths were registered. His maps and his files, one for each of over 200 parishes in Gloucestershire, were transferred to Gloucestershire County Council Archives, according to his wishes, just one week before he died. <mask> was not only a walker, he was also a keen mountaineer who climbed extensively in the Alps. More easily accessible, though, were the Welsh mountains, a not too distant drive from Gloucestershire. In 1955 he became a founder member of the Gloucestershire Mountaineering Club, playing a major part in the club's acquisition and conversion of a terraced house in Deiniolen, in Snowdonia, for use as a 'Club Hut', a base for mountaineering activities in that area. He became Hut Manager for several years and later became Club President.During this period, the 1970s, he was accompanied by club members on many of the surveys, from which he developed his proposals for the Cambrian Way. Later life <mask> inherited the family business from his father in the early 1970s. He had long been more interested in the countryside than the business, although he did continue to run the business for a few years. However, times were changing and old established family firms were losing ground to newer ways of retailing, so <mask> decided to sell up and to live off the income from the proceeds. He was then able to devote his time to the real love of his life, the Ramblers Association (now The Ramblers). He served on the Ramblers board of trustees for 20 years and finally stood down in 2000. At General Council that year, he was made an Honorary Life Member for services to the Association.<mask> was a major contributor to the creation of the Cotswold Way – the 100-mile walk, which he visualised as a cliff top walk along the Cotswold edge, with occasional descents down the escarpment, and back up again, in order to take in the beauties of the lovely villages along the Way. He created a series of Cotswold Way maps, based on out-of-copyright Ordnance Survey maps, marking the route with stick-on dots to create masters, which he subsequently had printed, selling thousands of them. He also created the Cotswold Way Handbook and Accommodation Guide for the walk. In May 2007, the Cotswold Way was officially inaugurated as a National Trail with <mask> and his fellow creator, Cyril Trenfield of Avon Area, as guests of honour at the celebratory event at Stanway House. He was a very active member of the YHA Youth Hostel Association in Wales and when he left Gloucestershire at the weekends he could often be found with a paint brush or tools in his hand, hard at work enhancing the limited resources of the most rural hostels tucked away in mid Wales. He always had a preference for the simple hostels, where he could hark back to his early Scouting days. White Roads Campaign Of lasting national importance was <mask>'s 'White Roads Campaign'.These were the class 4, 5 and 6 roads, shown white on Ordnance Survey maps as minor roads and which were often unmetalled, and hence vulnerable, at a time when government grants were being given for hedgerow removal in order to accommodate agricultural machinery of ever increasing size. Through these efforts, many of these ORPAs (Other Routes for Public Access) were preserved and are now marked on Ordnance Survey maps as green dots. Cambrian Way Perhaps <mask>'s greatest creation was the Cambrian Way, an imaginative and challenging long-distance trail for mountain connoisseurs, covering a distance of with an ascent of feet on the main route (measured using the latest Ordnance Survey online 'OS Maps' website). The route goes over many of the mountain ranges between Cardiff and Conwy, taking in some of the finest scenery in Wales, much of it remote and unspoiled. Again, <mask> created a guidebook, with hand drawn maps and a detailed route description, a list of B&B accommodation and prefaced by a history of its creation. At his instigation, there is now a website for the Cambrian Way. He took particular interest in the Youth Hostel Association hostels along the Way and he regularly updated the framed maps in those hostels.Due to strong opposition from some public bodies and landowners in earlier years, the route never achieved official recognition within <mask>'s lifetime, though it was and still is followed by those who are prepared for the challenge, as an unofficial trail. Though he did press to have the route accepted as a National Trail, this would have meant compromising some of the more challenging parts of the route, which could still be included with its unofficial status. However, he was mindful of the need for action to ensure its long-term future and he made some provision for this in his will. The majority of <mask>'s estate was left to the organisations he had strong attachments to throughout his life such as The Ramblers and the YHA with the aim of promoting and maintaining the Cambrian Way and enhancing the facilities in some hostels. His legacy also involved the setting up of the Cambrian Way Trust (Officially registered on 1 October 2015) to continue updating and publishing the guidebook and website. References External links Guardian Obituary to <mask> 1923 births 2012 deaths Hikers British non-fiction writers Members of the Order of the British Empire

<mask> is perhaps best known for his work on the Cambrian Way, a mountain walk through Wales. He was involved in surveying a suitable route and promoting it amidst a lot of disagreement and opposition. The definitive route of the way was published in his guidebook. Much of his life was devoted to footpaths in his native county of Gloucestershire and also in Wales, where much of his walking and mountain climbing took place. He was the Footpath Secretary to the Gloucestershire Ramblers until his retirement in 2008. He was an active member of the Youth Hostel Association and was a major contributor to the creation of the Cotswold Way. He received an award for services to rights of way.<mask> was born on January 25, 1923. He attended Pates Junior School and Wycliffe College. He joined the Scouts and enjoyed the outdoors. There was a fair amount of freedom for the Wycliffe boys. They used to take ferry trips across the River Severn to get to the remote and industrialised Forest of Dean. The place is so attractive to tourists that it was a very different forest. When World War II was declared, he was on a school expedition to the Mediterranean.The party went on and completed the trip. He entered the family business at the age of 16. Drakes was established by his grandfather in the late 19th century. In order to train <mask> for his ultimate role as proprietor of Drakes, he was sent to learn the business at the Bon Marche in Gloucester. <mask> was in a good position in his role as Area Footpath Secretary because of the thorough business training he received. He joined the Royal Air Force at the age of 18 and trained as a radar technician. He was posted to various far flung locations in Britain.In 1946, he was demobbed. Mr Antony worked at Drakes Department Store from 1946 until the 1970s. <mask> became the secretary to the group in which he played accordion after taking up Morris Dancing, which he claimed was for tough men doing strenuous warlike dancing. He took walking holidays in England and Europe. It was always an adventure to travel at that time. His real interest was the mountains, countryside and walking. The passing of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 inspired him.<mask> and his teams of volunteers were deeply involved in survey work and recording the newly defined rights of way after legislation led to the creation of the Definitive Map. He organised his teams to mark up, in colour, the rights of way onto hundreds of maps, and he ensured that they were kept up to date as new footpaths were registered. One week before he died, his maps and files were transferred to the archives of the county council. <mask> was a keen mountaineer who climbed extensively in the Alps. The Welsh mountains are not too far away from Gloucestershire. In 1955 he became a founder member of the Gloucestershire Mountaineering Club and played a major part in the club's acquisition and conversion of a terraced house in Deiniolen, in Snowdonia, for use as a 'Club Hut'. He became Club President after several years as Hut Manager.He was accompanied by club members on many of the surveys from which he developed his ideas for the Cambrian Way. <mask> took over the family business in the early 1970s. He continued to run the business for a few years even though he was more interested in the countryside. <mask> decided to sell up and live off the income from the sale because old family firms were losing ground to newer ways of retailing. He was able to devote his time to the real love of his life, the Ramblers Association. He was on the board of trustees for 20 years. He was made an Honorary Life Member for his services to the Association.<mask> was a major contributor to the creation of the Cotswold Way, which he visualized as a cliff top walk along the Cotswold edge, with occasional descents down the escarpment, and back up again, in order to take in the beauty of the lovely villages along the Way. He created a series of maps based on out-of-copyright maps and sold thousands of them. The accommodation guide for the walk was created by him. <mask> and Cyril Trenfield, two of the creators of the Cotswold Way, were guests of honour at the official opening of the National Trail in May 2007, at Stanway House. He was a very active member of the YHA Youth Hostel Association in Wales and when he left Gloucestershire at the weekends he could often be found with a paint brush or tools in his hand, hard at work enhancing the limited resources of the most rural hostels tucked away in mid Wales. He preferred the simple hostels, where he could relive his Scouting days. <mask>'s 'White Roads Campaign' was a lasting national importance.At a time when government grants were being given for hedgerow removal in order to accommodate agricultural machinery of ever increasing size, the class 4, 5 and 6 roads were shown white on maps as minor roads. Many of the ORPAs were preserved and are now marked on the maps as green dots. <mask>'s greatest creation was the Cambrian Way, an imaginative and challenging long-distance trail for mountain connoisseurs, covering a distance of with an ascent of feet on the main route. The route takes in some of the best scenery in Wales, much of it remote and unspoiled. Again, <mask> created a guidebook with maps and a detailed route description, a list of B&B accommodations, and a history of its creation. There is a website for the Cambrian Way. The Youth Hostel Association hostels along the Way were of particular interest to him.The route never achieved official recognition within <mask>'s lifetime due to strong opposition from some public bodies, but is still followed by those who are prepared for the challenge, as an unofficial trail. He tried to have the route accepted as a National Trail, but it would have meant compromising some of the more challenging parts of the route, which could still be included with its unofficial status. He made some provision for this in his will because he was aware of the need for action to ensure its long-term future. The majority of <mask>'s estate was left to the organizations he had strong ties to throughout his life, such as The YHA and The Ramblers, with the aim of promoting and maintaining the Cambrian Way and enhancing the facilities in some hostels. The setting up of the Cambrian Way Trust was one of his legacies. Guardian Obituary to <mask> 1923 births 2012 deaths Hikers British non-fiction writers Members of the Order of the British Empire

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aram%20Manukian

Aram Manukian

Aram Manukian (19 March 187929 January 1919), was an Armenian revolutionary, statesman, and a leading member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnaktsutyun) party. He is widely regarded as the founder of the First Republic of Armenia. Born and educated in Russian (Eastern) Armenia, he was mostly active in Van, one of the largest cities in Turkish (Western) Armenia. He rose to prominence there as a community organizer. During the first months of World War I, he worked with local Ottoman officials to de-escalate rising tensions until mid-April 1915, when Turkish forces laid siege to the city. He led the successful Armenian civilian self-defense of Van. As a result, tens of thousands avoided being deported and massacred by the Turkish government while the Armenian genocide was underway. He briefly served as the head of the provisional government in Van. Following the Russian Revolution and the collapse of the Caucasian front in 1917–18, Aram was "popular dictator" of the unconquered area around the city of Yerevan. In May 1918, he helped organize the defense against the advancing Turkish army, which was effectively stopped at the Battle of Sardarabad, preventing the complete destruction of the Armenian nation. Manukian played an important role in the establishment of the First Republic of Armenia and served as its first minister of internal affairs. He died of typhus in January 1919, short of his 40th birthday. Aram Manukian was an advocate for self-reliance. He was noted for his ability to unite different sections of society for a common cause. He is widely considered by scholars to be the founder of the First Republic of Armenia. During the Soviet period, he, along with other prominent Dashnaks, was largely disregarded. Since 1990, attempts have been made to revive his memory in independent Armenia. Early life Aram Manukian was born Sargis Hovhannisian on 19 March 1879, either in Zeyva village in Zangezur (modern-day Davit Bek, in Armenia's Syunik Province) or in Shushi, the largest city of Karabakh at the time. His father, Harutyun, was a gunsmith; his mother, Sona, was a housewife. He was the youngest of five children. He received primary education at the Agulyats School in Shushi. Starting in 1895 he attended the city's diocesan school, where he joined the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, the main driving force of the Armenian national liberation movement. In the spring of 1901, Manukian was expelled from school for revolutionary activities and moved to Yerevan, where he continued his education at the local diocesan school. He graduated two years later, in May 1903. In 1903, Manukian went to Baku where he took part in strikes and later in the Armenian resistance against the confiscation of Armenian Church properties by the Russian government. He was briefly in Elisabethpol to organize the Armenian resistance there. In mid-1903 he moved to Kars, where he actively took part in the formation of armed groups. In September 1903, within a group of 150 men, Aram Manukian tried to cross the Russian-Turkish border to transfer weaponry to the fedayi in Sasun; however, he returned to Kars due to illness. Activities in Van Manukian settled in the city of Van in February 1905. Because he spent most of his political career, except the last few years, in Van Aram became associated with the city and came to be known as "Aram of Van". He soon became the head of the local party branch and sought to strengthen its influence in Van. Manukian was convinced that if Armenians were going to revolt against Ottoman rule, it needed to be a well-organized and widespread revolt and not a local one, such as the failed uprising in Sasun in 1904. He engaged in community organizing and transfer of weaponry (particularly rifles and bullets) to Van from Russia and Iran. In 1906 alone more weapons were transferred to Van than in the previous 15 years. Prior to the Young Turk Revolution, the party branch in Van had around a thousand members. He also sought to minimize the Ottoman government interference in internal Armenian matters. The ARF effectively established unofficial courts for Armenians, who were mistreated by the Turkish judiciary. In 1907, during the ARF Congress in Vienna, where he was the delegate from Van, Aram expressed skepticism about the declared goals of the Turkish emigre political movements in Europe that the ARF was cooperating with, particularly the Young Turks. He said that they are "for the most part, palace revolutionaries who in one sense or another have dynastic interests." Manukian claimed that if they "begin with them, we are going to encounter a great many problems." A year later the Young Turks ousted Sultan Abdul Hamid II from power and restored the constitution. Ottoman Armenians reacted positively to the overthrow of the sultan. After the revolution, Manukian taught at a school in Ordu. He returned to Van in late 1912. Meanwhile, the Adana massacre of 1909 largely ended the Armenian hopes of reforms by the Young Turks. However, Manukian continued to work with local Ottoman officials and other Armenian parties, especially the Armenakan Party, to improve the condition of the Armenians. He became the leader of the ARF in the Van region along with Ishkhan and Arshak Vramian. He took an active role in the Armenian community by teaching at schools, communicating with the press and promoting Armenian youth circles. In December 1912, Aram Manukian became a suspect in the murder of the mayor of Van, Bedros Kapamajian, an Armenian loyalist to the Ottoman government. He was arrested along with several other notable ARF members "as encouragers for the murder" according to Turkish sources. He was later released. World War I During World War I, the Young Turk (Committee of Union and Progress) government of the Ottoman Empire planned and carried out the Armenian genocide, the systematic extermination of the Armenians living in their ancestral lands. In the spring of 1915 Van became the only location where Armenians organized a major resistance. Aram Manukian played a key role in this resistance, widely seen as self-defence. In late 1914, during the first months of the war, tensions in the Van Vilayet had been kept low by the cooperation of the Dashnak leaders Manukian, Ishkhan, Ottoman parliament deputy Arshak Vramian and local Young Turk officials and Van governor Tahsin Bey, who was considered a moderate. In early August, a general mobilization took place, during which some problems arose that were solved by the cooperation of these parties. An important event occurred in September, when Cevdet, the radical brother-in-law of Minister of War Enver Pasha, was appointed governor. According to Raymond Kévorkian, Cevdet's appointment "was probably calculated to make it easier to implement a policy of provocation." "Several more or less serious incidents occurred in the vilayet of Van between December 1914 and March 1915. Each time, the Armenian leaders had to step in to pour oil on troubled waters." In Van city, local prominent Armenians, such as Aram Manukian (Sergei Hovhannisian, 1879-1919), one of the principal Dashnakist leaders there, sought to calm the public—Armenian and Turk alike—through negotiations with the governor. Clashes between Armenians and Turks in the Van Vilayet became more frequent in March and April 1915. In late March and early April, Cevdet, Aram Manukian, Vramian and other major figures met to discuss the tensions. In mid-April, an incident took place in Shatakh. On the night of 16 April, Ishkhan, who was assigned a mediator's role, was killed by a group of Circassians while staying in a Kurdish friend's house in a nearby village. According to Kévorkian, "There is every reason to believe that none other than Cevdet, the superior of these Çerkez [Circassians], had ordered these killings. He had probably come to the conclusion that he could accomplish nothing in a city with an Armenian majority unless he first got rid of the three Dashnak leaders. His behavior the following day tends to confirm this suspicion." The next morning, Cevdet invited both Aram and Vramian to his konak. Aram did not go upon Vramian's advice. Vramian was subsequently murdered in a location near Bitlis. "The news shocked and dismayed the [Armenian] population. The American missionaries in Van, Dr. Clarence Ussher and Miss Grace Knapp, who were eyewitnesses to these events, provide us details that leave little doubt as to the vali's [Cevdet] intentions." On 18 April, Cevdet demanded all Armenians turn in their arms. Kévorkian suggests, [Armenians] knew that they were doomed if they obeyed; yet, if they failed to, they would provide the vali with the pretext he needed to attack the city's Christian quarters and the rural areas. In other words, the Armenian leaders' strategy of temporization had become obsolete. The murder of Ishkhan on the night of 16 April and the arrest of Arshag Vramian – Van still did not know that he had been murdered – probably convinced the last Armenian leader left alive, Aram Manukian, to reject the authorities' injunctions and prepare the city for an attack that was now certain to come. With Ishkhan and Vramian assassinated, Manukian remained only major Armenian leader in Van. Turkish forces attacked Aygestan, the old city of Van with a mixed Armenian-Turkish population, on 20 April. Aram "had already made preparations to ward off an attack and was able to prevent the Turkish troops from entering the quarter." In the following days, around 15,000 Armenian villagers poured into the old city quarter. With the Russian-Armenian forces reaching Van, the Muslim population and Ottoman forces began to evacuate Van on 14 May, with the last troops leaving on 16 May after burning down their barracks. On 18 May, Armenian volunteers under Vardan entered Van, followed by Russian troops under Major-General Nikolayev. During this time, Nikolayev selected Manukian as the provisional governor of Van, allowing him to establish a provincial government. Manukian's administration lasted until the end of July. His first orders were to allow the looting and burning of houses belonging to Muslims to discourage their inhabitants from returning. Yerevan Turkish offensive Between October 21, 1917 and April 14, 1918 Manukian edited the newspaper Ashkhatank (Աշխատանք, "Labor") in Yerevan. Following the February Revolution of 1917 the Armenian-populated areas formerly controlled by the Russian Empire had no effective political administration. In Yerevan, Bishop Khoren sponsored the establishment of a provincial council in December 1917. Aram was sent by the Tiflis-based Armenian National Council to head the civil administration of the city. Miller writes that the "choice was well calculated, for the hero of Van was a veteran organizer, fully aware of the strengths and shortcomings of his people." Aram arrived in Yerevan in early January 1918 and organized a committee which served as an unofficial administration. His committee established law and order in the city by expelling several Armenian bandit groups, imposing special taxes and confiscating materiel abandoned by the Russian troops. In early 1918 Manukian and Dro established what historians describe as a "popular dictatorship" in the areas around Yerevan. Aram was popularly proclaimed "dictator of Yerevan" in March, thereafter consolidating all power in his hands. An effective military dictatorship was established in the last surviving pocket of unconquered Armenian-populated territories. Turkish forces, in violation of the Armistice of Erzincan, moved towards Eastern Armenia in the spring of 1918. Aram's popular dictatorship is credited with successfully stopping the Turkish forces at the Battle of Sardarabad in late May 1918. A number of documents show that Aram headed the Armenian defense against the Turks. The battle is widely seen to have prevented the complete destruction of Armenians within their homeland. Minister of internal affairs On June 30, a five-member cabinet was formed by Hovhannes Katchaznouni in Tiflis with Manukian being appointed minister of internal affairs. On July 19 Aram, General Nazarbekian and Dro greeted the Katchaznouni-led cabinet arriving in Yerevan. According to Hovannisian, "even after the cabinet had begun to function in the capital, [there were] many who believed that Aram Manukian, the Minister of Interior, operated as a virtual dictator." Hovannisian described the ministry as "strong, pervasive, effective, or contentious" under Aram. "The controversial and extra-legal activities of his department provoked the ire of parties both to the right and to the left of Dashnaktsutiun. Aram's impatience with the fetters of parliamentary government was evident, and, under the conditions then existing in Armenia, it was not difficult to find ample justification for strong centralized control or even a dictatorial regime." Ronald Grigor Suny wrote that Aram was supported by those who "insisted that the times required dictatorial rule", while "the champions of democracy in the legislature frequently criticized the highhanded methods of the interior ministry under Aram Manukian's direction." Aram advocated for total disarmament of the Armenian population "as a necessary step toward establishing law and order. Others, however, contended that a people who had experienced turmoil and treachery for years would not comply with orders to surrender their arms, and insisted instead on allowing the armed population to contribute to the defense of the nation." Between November 15 and December 13, 1918, Manukian acted as minister of labor after Minister Khatchatur Karchikian was killed. Death and funeral With a large number of Armenian refugees settled in Yerevan, a typhus epidemic spread in the city during the winter of 1918–1919. Around two thousand orphans and refugees perished. Aram Manukian contracted the typhus in December 1918 when he was visiting the camps of refugees from the genocide. He died on 26 January 1919. He was living in extreme poverty and "refused to take medicine and gave it away to the poor, he wore old shoes and clothes." His death came as a shock and his funeral became a national day of mourning with thousands of Yerevan residents attending it. His biographer, Arshaluys Astvatzatrian, has left the following description of his burial: According to Richard Hovannisian the death of Aram—the "invincible leader"—"deepened the gloom" in Yerevan. Manukian was initially buried at the Mler cemetery (now Komitas Pantheon). In the 1930s, during the large-scale reconstructions in Yerevan (including the destruction of religious and historic buildings), his remains were moved to Kozern cemetery, which was soon turned into a park, and was eventually reburied at the Yerevan City Cemetery (popularly known as Tokhmakh). In 1979 a group of Armenian patriots found Aram's tombstone and in August 1982 put a khachkar made by Garnik Amirjanyan on it. Personal life Manukian married Katarine Zalyan in Yerevan in 1917. They met at an orphanage, where she worked as a doctor. Their only daughter, Seda, was born in 1918. Katarine was one of three females elected to the Armenian parliament in 1919. Upon Aram's death and Armenia's takeover by Bolsheviks, she found herself an unemployed single mother. She settled in Krasnodar, Russia, but returned to Soviet Armenia in 1927 to fill the shortage of doctors. She died in 1965. Their daughter, Seda, lived in Yerevan until 1976 when she moved to Moscow. She was married to the son of the prominent fedayi Khansori Vardan. She died in 2005. Legacy and public image During his funeral Minister of Culture and Education Nikol Aghbalian stated: "Ask yourselves if you have worked for the Armenian people as much as Aram, ask yourselves if you have been as selfless as Aram and have you given your life to the Armenian people as much as Aram." Simon Vratsian, the First Republic's last Prime Minister, said of Aram that he "never betrayed the people, remained within the people and made superhuman efforts in easing their pain." As a result of the 70-year-long anti-Dashnak propaganda in Soviet Armenia, Aram Manukian and other key ARF members who played major roles in modern Armenian history were largely discredited and forgotten. While some of the heroes of Sardarapat were allowed to be talked about beginning with the 1960s, any publication on Aram was strictly restricted. Historical assessment Aram Manukian is now almost universally considered the founder of the First Republic, including by historians Richard G. Hovannisian, Gerard Libaridian, Armen Asryan, Amatuni Virabyan, and Levon Shirinyan. Historian Harutyun Turshian described him as "one of the few realist figures in Armenia's entire history" and opined that "a distance in time is necessary to see his greatness and correctly evaluate him." Revival in interest Efforts were made by politicians to revive Aram's memory after Armenia achieved independence from the Soviet Union. To symbolize the revival of Armenian statehood, the initial declaration of the independence of Armenia from the Soviet Union on 23 August 1990 was read by Aram Manukyan, a member of the parliament who was chosen only because he bore the same name as the founder of the First Republic. However, in 2009 an ARF member of parliament noted that he was not widely known to the Armenian public. Scholar-turned-political activist Rafael Ishkhanyan highly praised Aram Manukian in his 1989 essay "The Law of Excluding the Third Force", written at a time of the Soviet Union's disintegration and the national awakening associated with the Karabakh movement. Aram, in Ishkhanyan's words, is the prime example of an individual who ruled out any reliance on foreign powers and founded a new Armenian state without foreign support. His son, Avetik Ishkhanyan, a human rights activist, also highly praised Aram Manukian as the "greatest and most powerful politician of modern Armenian history." Avetik Ishkhanyan also opined that Aram belongs to the Armenian people and not just the ARF. Modern leading ARF politician Vahan Hovhannisyan stated in 2008 that Aram Manukian is the best example in Armenian history of a statesman that "stood by the people." Tributes On July 17, 2018 Aram Manukian's statue was officially unveiled near the Republic Square metro station in attendance of ARF leader Hrant Markarian, Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan, President Armen Sarkissian and Catholicos Karekin II. In his speech, Pashinyan called Aram the "greatest apostle of our modern history." The choice of the statue and location were criticized and both the Ministry of Culture and the Urban Development Committee declared their reservations. Aram Manukian's bust was unveiled before the Armenian police headquarters in 2009 due to the fact that he was Armenia's first Interior Minister, which includes the police department. The ARF-affiliated Yerkir Media criticized the Armenian government, saying: "Find another nation, which pays tribute to the founder of their statehood by a bust, yet alone before the police headquarters, just because Aram Manukian was the Minister of Internal Affairs of the First Republic." Historian Tigran Petrosyants suggested that the Yerevan Municipality erect a statue of Aram in the city. In Kapan, a neighborhood is named after him. In 2009 Aram's bust was unveiled in the city. In May 2018, on the occasion of the centennial of the First Republic of Armenia the busts of Aram Manukian and Nikol Aghbalian were unveiled at the Sardarapat Ethnography and Liberation Movement History Museum, adjacent to the Sardarapat Memorial near Armavir, Armenia. A year later, a monument dedicated to the 140th anniversary of Manukian's birth was unveiled at Sardarapat, where one part of his remains were interred. A medal of the Armenian Police named after Manukian is "awarded to a Police employee for significant contribution to the Police system operations development, strengthening law and order, combatting crime, maintenance of public order and security protection, staff education." In 1989 a volunteer regiment Aram Manukian was founded in the city of Ararat, which took part in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. The Canadian branch of the Armenian Youth Federation named its Cambridge, Ontario chapter after Aram Manukian. Manukian's house in Yerevan When Manukian moved to Yerevan in 1917, one of Yerevan's wealthiest citizens, Fadey Kalantarian, donated to him a two-story house in the center of the town, built in 1910 by the architect Boris Mehrabian. In 1919 the street where his house was located was renamed Aram Street. After Soviet rule was established it was renamed after the Bolshevik Suren Spandaryan. In 1991, after independence, it was again renamed Aram Street. The house, located at 9 Aram Street, is now a roofless shell and "ignored" by the authorities. The property is owned by Glendale Hills real estate development company since 2005. According to reporter Tatul Hakobyan, the house is owned by the Swiss-Armenian businessman Vartan Sirmakes, who is the CEO of the watchmaking company Franck Muller and founder of ArmSwissBank. In popular culture In 2007 the Public Television of Armenia produced a 50-minute-long documentary about Manukian. References Notes Citations Bibliography About Manukian [first printing in Armenia] General External links 1879 births 1919 deaths Armenian fedayi Armenian revolutionaries Armenian Revolutionary Federation politicians Government ministers of Armenia Interior Ministers of Armenia Ministers of Social Protection of the First Republic of Armenia People of the First Republic of Armenia Armenian independence activists

<mask> (19 March 187929 January 1919), was an Armenian revolutionary, statesman, and a leading member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnaktsutyun) party. He is widely regarded as the founder of the First Republic of Armenia. Born and educated in Russian (Eastern) Armenia, he was mostly active in Van, one of the largest cities in Turkish (Western) Armenia. He rose to prominence there as a community organizer. During the first months of World War I, he worked with local Ottoman officials to de-escalate rising tensions until mid-April 1915, when Turkish forces laid siege to the city. He led the successful Armenian civilian self-defense of Van. As a result, tens of thousands avoided being deported and massacred by the Turkish government while the Armenian genocide was underway.He briefly served as the head of the provisional government in Van. Following the Russian Revolution and the collapse of the Caucasian front in 1917–18, <mask> was "popular dictator" of the unconquered area around the city of Yerevan. In May 1918, he helped organize the defense against the advancing Turkish army, which was effectively stopped at the Battle of Sardarabad, preventing the complete destruction of the Armenian nation. <mask> played an important role in the establishment of the First Republic of Armenia and served as its first minister of internal affairs. He died of typhus in January 1919, short of his 40th birthday. <mask> <mask> was an advocate for self-reliance. He was noted for his ability to unite different sections of society for a common cause.He is widely considered by scholars to be the founder of the First Republic of Armenia. During the Soviet period, he, along with other prominent Dashnaks, was largely disregarded. Since 1990, attempts have been made to revive his memory in independent Armenia. Early life <mask> <mask> was born Sargis Hovhannisian on 19 March 1879, either in Zeyva village in Zangezur (modern-day Davit Bek, in Armenia's Syunik Province) or in Shushi, the largest city of Karabakh at the time. His father, Harutyun, was a gunsmith; his mother, Sona, was a housewife. He was the youngest of five children. He received primary education at the Agulyats School in Shushi.Starting in 1895 he attended the city's diocesan school, where he joined the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, the main driving force of the Armenian national liberation movement. In the spring of 1901, <mask> was expelled from school for revolutionary activities and moved to Yerevan, where he continued his education at the local diocesan school. He graduated two years later, in May 1903. In 1903, <mask> went to Baku where he took part in strikes and later in the Armenian resistance against the confiscation of Armenian Church properties by the Russian government. He was briefly in Elisabethpol to organize the Armenian resistance there. In mid-1903 he moved to Kars, where he actively took part in the formation of armed groups. In September 1903, within a group of 150 men, <mask> <mask> tried to cross the Russian-Turkish border to transfer weaponry to the fedayi in Sasun; however, he returned to Kars due to illness.Activities in Van Manukian settled in the city of Van in February 1905. Because he spent most of his political career, except the last few years, in Van Aram became associated with the city and came to be known as "Aram of Van". He soon became the head of the local party branch and sought to strengthen its influence in Van. <mask> was convinced that if Armenians were going to revolt against Ottoman rule, it needed to be a well-organized and widespread revolt and not a local one, such as the failed uprising in Sasun in 1904. He engaged in community organizing and transfer of weaponry (particularly rifles and bullets) to Van from Russia and Iran. In 1906 alone more weapons were transferred to Van than in the previous 15 years. Prior to the Young Turk Revolution, the party branch in Van had around a thousand members.He also sought to minimize the Ottoman government interference in internal Armenian matters. The ARF effectively established unofficial courts for Armenians, who were mistreated by the Turkish judiciary. In 1907, during the ARF Congress in Vienna, where he was the delegate from Van, <mask> expressed skepticism about the declared goals of the Turkish emigre political movements in Europe that the ARF was cooperating with, particularly the Young Turks. He said that they are "for the most part, palace revolutionaries who in one sense or another have dynastic interests." Manukian claimed that if they "begin with them, we are going to encounter a great many problems." A year later the Young Turks ousted Sultan Abdul Hamid II from power and restored the constitution. Ottoman Armenians reacted positively to the overthrow of the sultan.After the revolution, <mask> taught at a school in Ordu. He returned to Van in late 1912. Meanwhile, the Adana massacre of 1909 largely ended the Armenian hopes of reforms by the Young Turks. However, <mask> continued to work with local Ottoman officials and other Armenian parties, especially the Armenakan Party, to improve the condition of the Armenians. He became the leader of the ARF in the Van region along with Ishkhan and Arshak Vramian. He took an active role in the Armenian community by teaching at schools, communicating with the press and promoting Armenian youth circles. In December 1912, <mask> <mask> became a suspect in the murder of the mayor of Van, Bedros Kapamajian, an Armenian loyalist to the Ottoman government.He was arrested along with several other notable ARF members "as encouragers for the murder" according to Turkish sources. He was later released. World War I During World War I, the Young Turk (Committee of Union and Progress) government of the Ottoman Empire planned and carried out the Armenian genocide, the systematic extermination of the Armenians living in their ancestral lands. In the spring of 1915 Van became the only location where Armenians organized a major resistance. <mask> <mask> played a key role in this resistance, widely seen as self-defence. In late 1914, during the first months of the war, tensions in the Van Vilayet had been kept low by the cooperation of the Dashnak leaders <mask>, Ishkhan, Ottoman parliament deputy Arshak Vramian and local Young Turk officials and Van governor Tahsin Bey, who was considered a moderate. In early August, a general mobilization took place, during which some problems arose that were solved by the cooperation of these parties.An important event occurred in September, when Cevdet, the radical brother-in-law of Minister of War Enver Pasha, was appointed governor. According to Raymond Kévorkian, Cevdet's appointment "was probably calculated to make it easier to implement a policy of provocation." "Several more or less serious incidents occurred in the vilayet of Van between December 1914 and March 1915. Each time, the Armenian leaders had to step in to pour oil on troubled waters." In Van city, local prominent Armenians, such as <mask> <mask> (Sergei Hovhannisian, 1879-1919), one of the principal Dashnakist leaders there, sought to calm the public—Armenian and Turk alike—through negotiations with the governor. Clashes between Armenians and Turks in the Van Vilayet became more frequent in March and April 1915. In late March and early April, Cevdet, <mask> <mask>, Vramian and other major figures met to discuss the tensions.In mid-April, an incident took place in Shatakh. On the night of 16 April, Ishkhan, who was assigned a mediator's role, was killed by a group of Circassians while staying in a Kurdish friend's house in a nearby village. According to Kévorkian, "There is every reason to believe that none other than Cevdet, the superior of these Çerkez [Circassians], had ordered these killings. He had probably come to the conclusion that he could accomplish nothing in a city with an Armenian majority unless he first got rid of the three Dashnak leaders. His behavior the following day tends to confirm this suspicion." The next morning, Cevdet invited both Aram and Vramian to his konak. Aram did not go upon Vramian's advice.Vramian was subsequently murdered in a location near Bitlis. "The news shocked and dismayed the [Armenian] population. The American missionaries in Van, Dr. Clarence Ussher and Miss Grace Knapp, who were eyewitnesses to these events, provide us details that leave little doubt as to the vali's [Cevdet] intentions." On 18 April, Cevdet demanded all Armenians turn in their arms. Kévorkian suggests, [Armenians] knew that they were doomed if they obeyed; yet, if they failed to, they would provide the vali with the pretext he needed to attack the city's Christian quarters and the rural areas. In other words, the Armenian leaders' strategy of temporization had become obsolete. The murder of Ishkhan on the night of 16 April and the arrest of Arshag Vramian – Van still did not know that he had been murdered – probably convinced the last Armenian leader left alive, <mask> <mask>, to reject the authorities' injunctions and prepare the city for an attack that was now certain to come.With Ishkhan and Vramian assassinated, <mask> remained only major Armenian leader in Van. Turkish forces attacked Aygestan, the old city of Van with a mixed Armenian-Turkish population, on 20 April. Aram "had already made preparations to ward off an attack and was able to prevent the Turkish troops from entering the quarter." In the following days, around 15,000 Armenian villagers poured into the old city quarter. With the Russian-Armenian forces reaching Van, the Muslim population and Ottoman forces began to evacuate Van on 14 May, with the last troops leaving on 16 May after burning down their barracks. On 18 May, Armenian volunteers under Vardan entered Van, followed by Russian troops under Major-General Nikolayev. During this time, Nikolayev selected <mask> as the provisional governor of Van, allowing him to establish a provincial government.<mask>'s administration lasted until the end of July. His first orders were to allow the looting and burning of houses belonging to Muslims to discourage their inhabitants from returning. Yerevan Turkish offensive Between October 21, 1917 and April 14, 1918 <mask> edited the newspaper Ashkhatank (Աշխատանք, "Labor") in Yerevan. Following the February Revolution of 1917 the Armenian-populated areas formerly controlled by the Russian Empire had no effective political administration. In Yerevan, Bishop Khoren sponsored the establishment of a provincial council in December 1917. <mask> was sent by the Tiflis-based Armenian National Council to head the civil administration of the city. Miller writes that the "choice was well calculated, for the hero of Van was a veteran organizer, fully aware of the strengths and shortcomings of his people."<mask> arrived in Yerevan in early January 1918 and organized a committee which served as an unofficial administration. His committee established law and order in the city by expelling several Armenian bandit groups, imposing special taxes and confiscating materiel abandoned by the Russian troops. In early 1918 <mask> and Dro established what historians describe as a "popular dictatorship" in the areas around Yerevan. <mask> was popularly proclaimed "dictator of Yerevan" in March, thereafter consolidating all power in his hands. An effective military dictatorship was established in the last surviving pocket of unconquered Armenian-populated territories. Turkish forces, in violation of the Armistice of Erzincan, moved towards Eastern Armenia in the spring of 1918. <mask>'s popular dictatorship is credited with successfully stopping the Turkish forces at the Battle of Sardarabad in late May 1918.A number of documents show that Aram headed the Armenian defense against the Turks. The battle is widely seen to have prevented the complete destruction of Armenians within their homeland. Minister of internal affairs On June 30, a five-member cabinet was formed by Hovhannes Katchaznouni in Tiflis with <mask> being appointed minister of internal affairs. On July 19 <mask>, General Nazarbekian and Dro greeted the Katchaznouni-led cabinet arriving in Yerevan. According to Hovannisian, "even after the cabinet had begun to function in the capital, [there were] many who believed that <mask> <mask>, the Minister of Interior, operated as a virtual dictator." Hovannisian described the ministry as "strong, pervasive, effective, or contentious" under Aram. "The controversial and extra-legal activities of his department provoked the ire of parties both to the right and to the left of Dashnaktsutiun.Aram's impatience with the fetters of parliamentary government was evident, and, under the conditions then existing in Armenia, it was not difficult to find ample justification for strong centralized control or even a dictatorial regime." Ronald Grigor Suny wrote that Aram was supported by those who "insisted that the times required dictatorial rule", while "the champions of democracy in the legislature frequently criticized the highhanded methods of the interior ministry under <mask> <mask>'s direction." Aram advocated for total disarmament of the Armenian population "as a necessary step toward establishing law and order. Others, however, contended that a people who had experienced turmoil and treachery for years would not comply with orders to surrender their arms, and insisted instead on allowing the armed population to contribute to the defense of the nation." Between November 15 and December 13, 1918, Manukian acted as minister of labor after Minister Khatchatur Karchikian was killed. Death and funeral With a large number of Armenian refugees settled in Yerevan, a typhus epidemic spread in the city during the winter of 1918–1919. Around two thousand orphans and refugees perished.<mask> <mask> contracted the typhus in December 1918 when he was visiting the camps of refugees from the genocide. He died on 26 January 1919. He was living in extreme poverty and "refused to take medicine and gave it away to the poor, he wore old shoes and clothes." His death came as a shock and his funeral became a national day of mourning with thousands of Yerevan residents attending it. His biographer, Arshaluys Astvatzatrian, has left the following description of his burial: According to Richard Hovannisian the death of Aram—the "invincible leader"—"deepened the gloom" in Yerevan. Manukian was initially buried at the Mler cemetery (now Komitas Pantheon). In the 1930s, during the large-scale reconstructions in Yerevan (including the destruction of religious and historic buildings), his remains were moved to Kozern cemetery, which was soon turned into a park, and was eventually reburied at the Yerevan City Cemetery (popularly known as Tokhmakh).In 1979 a group of Armenian patriots found <mask>'s tombstone and in August 1982 put a khachkar made by Garnik Amirjanyan on it. Personal life <mask> married Katarine Zalyan in Yerevan in 1917. They met at an orphanage, where she worked as a doctor. Their only daughter, Seda, was born in 1918. Katarine was one of three females elected to the Armenian parliament in 1919. Upon <mask>'s death and Armenia's takeover by Bolsheviks, she found herself an unemployed single mother. She settled in Krasnodar, Russia, but returned to Soviet Armenia in 1927 to fill the shortage of doctors.She died in 1965. Their daughter, Seda, lived in Yerevan until 1976 when she moved to Moscow. She was married to the son of the prominent fedayi Khansori Vardan. She died in 2005. Legacy and public image During his funeral Minister of Culture and Education Nikol Aghbalian stated: "Ask yourselves if you have worked for the Armenian people as much as Aram, ask yourselves if you have been as selfless as Aram and have you given your life to the Armenian people as much as Aram." Simon Vratsian, the First Republic's last Prime Minister, said of Aram that he "never betrayed the people, remained within the people and made superhuman efforts in easing their pain." As a result of the 70-year-long anti-Dashnak propaganda in Soviet Armenia, <mask> <mask> and other key ARF members who played major roles in modern Armenian history were largely discredited and forgotten.While some of the heroes of Sardarapat were allowed to be talked about beginning with the 1960s, any publication on Aram was strictly restricted. Historical assessment <mask> <mask> is now almost universally considered the founder of the First Republic, including by historians Richard G. Hovannisian, Gerard Libaridian, Armen Asryan, Amatuni Virabyan, and Levon Shirinyan. Historian Harutyun Turshian described him as "one of the few realist figures in Armenia's entire history" and opined that "a distance in time is necessary to see his greatness and correctly evaluate him." Revival in interest Efforts were made by politicians to revive Aram's memory after Armenia achieved independence from the Soviet Union. To symbolize the revival of Armenian statehood, the initial declaration of the independence of Armenia from the Soviet Union on 23 August 1990 was read by <mask> Manukyan, a member of the parliament who was chosen only because he bore the same name as the founder of the First Republic. However, in 2009 an ARF member of parliament noted that he was not widely known to the Armenian public. Scholar-turned-political activist Rafael Ishkhanyan highly praised <mask> <mask> in his 1989 essay "The Law of Excluding the Third Force", written at a time of the Soviet Union's disintegration and the national awakening associated with the Karabakh movement.<mask>, in Ishkhanyan's words, is the prime example of an individual who ruled out any reliance on foreign powers and founded a new Armenian state without foreign support. His son, Avetik Ishkhanyan, a human rights activist, also highly praised <mask> <mask> as the "greatest and most powerful politician of modern Armenian history." Avetik Ishkhanyan also opined that Aram belongs to the Armenian people and not just the ARF. Modern leading ARF politician Vahan Hovhannisyan stated in 2008 that <mask> Manukian is the best example in Armenian history of a statesman that "stood by the people." Tributes On July 17, 2018 <mask> <mask>'s statue was officially unveiled near the Republic Square metro station in attendance of ARF leader Hrant Markarian, Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan, President Armen Sarkissian and Catholicos Karekin II. In his speech, Pashinyan called <mask> the "greatest apostle of our modern history." The choice of the statue and location were criticized and both the Ministry of Culture and the Urban Development Committee declared their reservations.<mask> <mask>'s bust was unveiled before the Armenian police headquarters in 2009 due to the fact that he was Armenia's first Interior Minister, which includes the police department. The ARF-affiliated Yerkir Media criticized the Armenian government, saying: "Find another nation, which pays tribute to the founder of their statehood by a bust, yet alone before the police headquarters, just because <mask> <mask> was the Minister of Internal Affairs of the First Republic." Historian Tigran Petrosyants suggested that the Yerevan Municipality erect a statue of Aram in the city. In Kapan, a neighborhood is named after him. In 2009 <mask>'s bust was unveiled in the city. In May 2018, on the occasion of the centennial of the First Republic of Armenia the busts of <mask> <mask> and Nikol Aghbalian were unveiled at the Sardarapat Ethnography and Liberation Movement History Museum, adjacent to the Sardarapat Memorial near Armavir, Armenia. A year later, a monument dedicated to the 140th anniversary of Manukian's birth was unveiled at Sardarapat, where one part of his remains were interred.A medal of the Armenian Police named after Manukian is "awarded to a Police employee for significant contribution to the Police system operations development, strengthening law and order, combatting crime, maintenance of public order and security protection, staff education." In 1989 a volunteer regiment Aram Manukian was founded in the city of Ararat, which took part in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War. The Canadian branch of the Armenian Youth Federation named its Cambridge, Ontario chapter after Aram Manukian. <mask>'s house in Yerevan When Manukian moved to Yerevan in 1917, one of Yerevan's wealthiest citizens, Fadey Kalantarian, donated to him a two-story house in the center of the town, built in 1910 by the architect Boris Mehrabian. In 1919 the street where his house was located was renamed Aram Street. After Soviet rule was established it was renamed after the Bolshevik Suren Spandaryan. In 1991, after independence, it was again renamed Aram Street.The house, located at 9 Aram Street, is now a roofless shell and "ignored" by the authorities. The property is owned by Glendale Hills real estate development company since 2005. According to reporter Tatul Hakobyan, the house is owned by the Swiss-Armenian businessman Vartan Sirmakes, who is the CEO of the watchmaking company Franck Muller and founder of ArmSwissBank. In popular culture In 2007 the Public Television of Armenia produced a 50-minute-long documentary about Manukian. References Notes Citations Bibliography About Manukian [first printing in Armenia] General External links 1879 births 1919 deaths Armenian fedayi Armenian revolutionaries Armenian Revolutionary Federation politicians Government ministers of Armenia Interior Ministers of Armenia Ministers of Social Protection of the First Republic of Armenia People of the First Republic of Armenia Armenian independence activists

A leading member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnaktsutyun) party, he was a revolutionary. The First Republic of Armenia was founded by him. He was mostly active in Van, one of the largest cities in Turkish (Western) Armenia. He was a community organizer. During the first months of World War I, he worked with local Ottoman officials to de-escalate rising tensions. The civilian self-defense of Van was led by him. As a result, tens of thousands avoided being deported and massacred by the Turkish government.He was the head of the government in Van. After the Russian Revolution and the collapse of the Caucasian front, Aram was the "popular dictator" of the unconquered area around the city of Yerevan. In May 1918, he helped organize the defense against the Turkish army, which was stopped at the Battle of Sardarabad, preventing the complete destruction of the Armenia. He was the first minister of internal affairs in the First Republic of Armenia. He died of typhus at the age of 40. He was an advocate for self-reliance. He was noted for his ability to unite different sections of society.He is thought to be the founder of the First Republic of Armenia. He and other prominent Dashnaks were largely ignored during the Soviet period. Attempts have been made to revive his memory. On 19 March 1879, in the village of Zeyva in Zangezur, or in the city of Shushi in the Syunik Province, he was born. His father and mother were both gunsmiths. He was the youngest of five siblings. He was a student at the Agulyats School.He joined the Armenian Revolutionary Federation in 1895 after attending the city's diocesan school. In the spring of 1901, Manukian was expelled from school for revolutionary activities and moved to Yerevan, where he continued his education at the local diocesan school. He graduated in May 1903. In 1903, <mask> went to Baku where he took part in strikes and the resistance against the Russian government. He was in the area to organize the resistance. He was involved in the formation of armed groups in Kars. In September 1903, a group of 150 men tried to cross the Russian-Turkish border to transfer weaponry to the fedayi in Sasun, but the leader of the group returned to Kars due to illness.The city of Van was settled in 1905. He became known as "<mask> of Van" because he spent most of his political career in the city. He became the head of the local branch of the party. The failed uprising in Sasun in 1904 was not a good example of a well-organized and widespread revolt. He organized the transfer of weaponry from Russia and Iran to Van. More weapons were transferred to Van in 1906 than in the previous 15 years. The party branch in Van had a lot of members before the Young Turk Revolution.He wanted to minimize the interference of the Ottoman government in internal matters. The unofficial courts were established by the ARF, who were mistreated by the Turkish judiciary. In 1907, during the ARF Congress in Vienna, where he was the delegate from Van, he expressed skepticism about the goals of the Turkish emigre political movements in Europe that the ARF was cooperating with. He said that they are palace revolutionaries who have interests in one way or another. If they start with them, we are going to have a lot of problems. The Young Turks restored the constitution after ousting Sultan Abdul Hamid II. The overthrow of the sultan was welcomed by the Ottomans.He taught at the school after the revolution. He came back to Van in 1912. The Adana massacre ended the hopes of reforms by the Young Turks. <mask> continued to work with local Ottoman officials and other parties to improve the condition of the Armenias. He became the leader of the ARF in the Van region. He was involved in the community by teaching at schools, communicating with the press and promoting youth circles. The mayor of Van, Bedros Kapamajian, an ally of the Ottoman government, was murdered in December 1912.Turkish sources say that he was arrested as an encourager for the murder. He was released after a while. The Young Turk (Committee of Union and Progress) government of the Ottoman Empire planned and carried out the genocide of the Armenians during World War I. In the spring of 1915, Van became the only location where a major resistance took place. The resistance was seen as self-defence. During the first months of the war, tensions in the Van Vilayet were kept low by the cooperation of the Dashnak leaders and the Van governor. Some problems were solved by the cooperation of these parties during the general mobilization that took place in August.Cevdet, the radical brother-in-law of Minister of War Enver Pasha, was appointed governor in September. Raymond Kévorkian believes that Cevdet's appointment was designed to make it easier to implement a policy of provocation. There were a number of serious incidents in the vilayet of Van between December 1914 and March 1915. The leaders had to pour oil on the troubled waters. The Dashnakist leaders in Van city sought to calm the public through negotiations with the governor. The Van Vilayet became more violent in March and April 1915. In March and April, major figures met to discuss the tensions.There was an incident in Shatakh in April. On the night of 16 April, Ishkhan, who was assigned a mediator's role, was killed by a group of Circassians while staying in a Kurdish friend's house in a nearby village. The superior of the erkez, Cevdet, is believed to have ordered the killings. He probably came to the conclusion that he couldn't accomplish anything in the city unless he got rid of the Dashnak leaders. His behavior the next day tends to confirm the suspicion. Cevdet invited both Vramian and Aram to his house the next morning. Vramian's advice was not followed by Aram.Vramian was murdered near Bitlis. The news shocked the population. The details provided by the American missionaries in Van leave little doubt as to the vali's intentions. On April 18th, Cevdet told all of them to turn in their arms. If they failed to obey, the vali would use the Christian quarters as a pretext to attack the rural areas. The strategy of temporization had become obsolete. The murder of Ishkhan on the night of 16 April and the arrest of Arshag Vramian, who was still not aware that he had been murdered, probably convinced the last leader left alive, <mask> <mask>, to reject the authorities's injunction and prepare the city for anThe assassinations of Ishkhan and Vramian made <mask> the major leader in Van. The old city of Van was attacked by Turkish forces on 20 April. The Turkish troops were able to prevent them from entering the quarter. Thousands of people poured into the old city quarter. The last Ottoman troops left Van on 16 May after burning down their barracks as the Muslim population began to evacuate. The Russian troops entered Van on 18 May. As a result of this time, a provincial government was established.The administration ended at the end of July. His first order was to allow the loot and burning of houses belonging to Muslims. The newspaper Ashkhatank was edited by Manukian between October 21, 1917 and April 14, 1918. The areas formerly controlled by the Russian Empire had no effective political administration after the February Revolution of 1917. The establishment of a provincial council was sponsored by Bishop Khoren. The civil administration of the city was headed by <mask>. Miller writes that the hero of Van was a veteran organizer who was aware of the strengths and weaknesses of his people.A committee which served as an unofficial administration was formed by Aram in January 1918. The committee established law and order in the city by expelling several bandit groups, imposing special taxes and confiscating materiel abandoned by the Russian troops. Historians describe the "popular dictatorship" established by Dro and <mask> in the early 20th century. In March, he was proclaimed the "dictator of Yerevan". An effective military dictatorship was established in the last pocket of unconquered territories. Turkish forces moved towards Eastern Armenia in the spring of 1918 in violation of the Armistice of Erzincan. The Turkish forces were stopped at the Battle of Sardarabad in late May 1918.A number of documents show that he was the leader of the defense against the Turks. The battle is believed to have prevented the complete destruction of the people of Armenia. The minister of internal affairs was appointed on June 30 and a five-member cabinet was formed. The cabinet was greeted by General Nazarbekian and Dro. Even after the cabinet had begun to function in the capital, there were many who believed that the Minister of Interior was a virtual dictator. The ministry was described as "strong, pervasive, effective, or contentious" by Hovannisian. The activities of his department provoked the ire of both the right and left of Dashnaktsutiun.It was not difficult to find justification for strong centralized control or even a dictatorship under the conditions that existed in Armenia at the time. Ronald Grigor Suny wrote that the champion of democracy in the legislature frequently criticized the highhanded methods of the interior ministry under Aram's direction. A necessary step toward establishing law and order was advocated by Aram. The people who had experienced turmoil and treachery for years would not comply with orders to surrender their arms, and insisted on allowing the armed population to contribute to the defense of the nation. The minister of labor, Khatchatur Karchikian, was killed in 1918. There was a typhus epidemic in the city during the winter of 1918-19. Two thousand orphans and refugees died.He contracted the typhus while visiting the camps of refugees from the genocide. He died on January 26, 1919. He was living in extreme poverty and refused to give medicine to the poor, he wore old shoes and clothes. His death came as a shock and his funeral became a national day of mourning. Arshaluys Astvatzatrian wrote that the death of the "invincible leader" deepened the gloom in the city. The Mler cemetery is now the Komitas Pantheon. During the large-scale reconstructions in Yerevan in the 1930s, his remains were moved to the Kozern cemetery, which was turned into a park, and eventually reburied at the Yerevan City Cemetery.The tombstone of Aram was found in 1979 and put on the market in 1982. In 1917, <mask> married Katarine Zalyan. She worked as a doctor at the orphanage where they met. Their only child was born in 1918. In 1919, Katarine was one of three females elected to the parliament. She was an unemployed single mother after Aram's death. She returned to Soviet Armenia in 1927 to fill a shortage of doctors after moving to Krasnodar, Russia.In 1965, she died. Their daughter, Seda, moved to Moscow in 1976. The son of Khansori Vardan was married to her. She died in 2005. The Minister of Culture and Education asked the mourners if they had given their life to the people of Armenia as much as Aram. The last Prime Minister of the First Republic, Simon Vratsian, said that he "never betrayed the people, remained within the people and made superhuman efforts in easing their pain." As a result of the 70 years of anti-Dashnak propaganda in Soviet Armenia, key ARF members were largely discredited and forgotten.In the 1960s, some of the heroes of Sardarapat were allowed to be talked about, but no publication on Aram was allowed. The founder of the First Republic is now considered almost universally by historians. He was described as one of the few realist figures in Armenia's entire history and a distance in time is needed to see his greatness. After Armenia achieved independence from the Soviet Union, politicians made efforts to revive Aram's memory. The first declaration of the independence of Armenia from the Soviet Union was read by a member of the parliament who bore the same name as the founder of the First Republic. In 2009, an ARF member of parliament noted that he was not well known to the public. In his 1989 essay "The Law of Excluding the Third Force", written at a time of the Soviet Union's disintegration and the national awakening associated with the Karabakh movement, scholar-turned-political activist Rafael Ishkhanyan highly praised <mask> <mask>.Ishkhanyan said that the prime example of an individual who ruled out any reliance on foreign powers was Aram. Avetik Ishkhanyan, his son, is a human rights activist. Avetik Ishkhanyan believes that Aram belongs to the people of Armenia. The leader of the ARF stated in 2008 that the best example of a leader that "stood by the people" was <mask> <mask>. ARF leader Hrant Markarian and Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan attended the dedication of the statue near the Republic Square metro station. Pashinyan said that Aram was the greatest apostle of our modern history. The Ministry of Culture and the Urban Development Committee had reservations about the location of the statue.The bust of the first Interior Minister of Armenia was unveiled at the police headquarters in 2009. The ARF-affiliated Yerkir Media criticized the Armenia government, saying that they should find another nation, which pays tribute to the founder of their statehood by a bust, yet alone before the police headquarters. Tigran Petrosyants suggested that a statue of Aram be built in the city. The neighborhood in Kapan is named after him. The bust of Aram was unveiled in the city in 2009. On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the First Republic of Armenia, the busts of the two leaders were unveiled at the museum. A monument dedicated to the 140th anniversary of Manukian's birth was unveiled a year later.A medal of the Police of the Republic of Armenia is given to a Police employee for significant contribution to the Police system operations development, strengthening law and order, combatting crime, maintenance of public order and security protection, staff education. The First Nagorno-Karabakh War took place in the city of Ararat in 1989. The chapter in Cambridge, Ontario was named after the man. The two-story house in the center of the town was built in 1910 by the architect Boris Mehrabian and was donated to Manukian by one of Yerevan's wealthiest citizens. The street where he lived was renamed in 1919. The name was changed after the Soviet rule. After independence in 1991, it was once again called Aram Street.The house was ignored by the authorities and is now a roofless shell. The property has been owned by a real estate development company. The house is owned by Vartan Sir makes, who is the founder of ArmSwissBank and the CEO of the watch company Franck Muller. The Public Television of Armenia produced a documentary in 2007. The first printing in Armenia had 1879 births and 1919 deaths.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Barooshian

Martin Barooshian

Martin Barooshian (1929-2022) was an American painter and printmaker. He is known for his ability to weave a tapestry of art historical influences with modernist elements and a contemporary sensibility. His work frequently dances the line of Surrealism and Expressionism, often with a pop and op art edge, incorporating aspects of primitive, Romantic, and Renaissance art. He has worked in a wide variety of media from miniature etchings to oversized oils on canvas. These have included woodcuts, lithographs, etchings and engravings with aquatint and soft ground, monotypes, gouache and watercolor paintings, and oils. He is also known for his technical skill and innovation. Barooshian is a restless innovator with work that has moved through many periods with varying styles and transitions. However, Barooshian defines himself as a Biomorphic Abstract Surrealist after his first personal artistic breakthrough and mature style. Cate McQuaid—art critic for The Boston Globe—dubbed Barooshian's biomorphic surrealist style as “Pablo Picasso meets Stan Lee,” recognizing the blend of the modern with the contemporary. Further, she recognized that Barooshian held firm to his own artistic vision and was “not a follower of fashions” but instead “has always defined his own style…against the grain of the art scene.” Barooshian has enjoyed a 70-year career as an artist and continues to actively create new works. Susan Faxon, associate director and Curator of the Addison Gallery of American Art, summed up her experience of reviewing Barooshian's oeuvre: “It was clear that [Barooshian] had devoted a lifetime to the making of art and that he was still fully engaged on a daily basis in the creative process. So too it was clear that here was an artist whose sweep was wide, whose influences and interests were many, whose output was prodigious, and whose exuberance, inventiveness, imagination, and artistic commitment was boundless.“ Patrick Murphy, Lia and William Poorvu Associate Curator of Prints and Drawings at the Museum Of Fine Arts, Boston, called Barooshian “a consummate printmaker, whose intriguing and oddly overlooked body of work deserves to be celebrated alongside that of mid-century contemporaries like Hayter, Helen Phillips, Fred Becker, and Gabor Peterdi.” A catalogue raisonne of Barooshian's prints from 1948 to 1970 has been completed. Exhibitions, collections, and awards Barooshian has participated in hundreds of shows around the world, including over 50 one-man shows. His work is in the permanent collection of many important museums around the globe including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Modern Art, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, the National Gallery of Art, and the Addison Gallery of American Art. In 2022, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston added 35 Barooshian works to its collection. He has won several awards including the Albert H. Whitin Traveling Fellowship, the Print Prize from the National Academy of Design, and the Dorothy Lathrop Award from the Print Club of Albany. Background Barooshian was born in Chelsea, Massachusetts as the first of three children to Armenian immigrant parents, survivors of the Armenian genocide. Barooshian studied at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (SMFA) with Karl Zerbe, Ture Bengtz, and Richard C. Bartlett. He studied lithography in Paris with Gaston Dorfinant and Jean Pons. Perhaps the greatest influence on Barooshian's development was the time he spent in the early-1950s with Stanley William Hayter at his famed etching and engraving studio Atelier 17 in Paris. In addition to the fourth and fifth year diplomas earned at SFMA, Barooshian also earned a Bachelor of Science in Education degree from Tufts University and a Master of Arts in Art History degree from Boston University. Barooshian served in the United States Army, though he was never deployed. Barooshian enjoyed very early success following his “discovery” by famed American etcher John Taylor Arms. This exposure directly led directly to the Library of Congress acquiring a complete portfolio of his woodcuts when Barooshian was only aged 22. Childs Gallery in Boston held Barooshian's first one-man show in 1951. Barooshian was introduced by his then girlfriend Reba Stewart to the art community of Provincetown, MA where Barooshian found creative kinship throughout the 1950s. Barooshian is represented in Provincetown by The Julie Heller Gallery. Atelier 17 and color viscosity etching While at Atelier 17, Baooshian was taught the color viscosity etching techniques developed by Hayter and his colleagues. Previous to this time in Paris, Barooshian's graphics output was largely woodcuts and lithographs. However, with intaglio etching, he found the graphics medium that best allowed him to express his personal vision and that would dominate his printmaking for decades. Barooshian continued to adapt the concepts of color viscosity etching to his own needs, becoming one of its most important masters. Of these works, critic Malcolm Preston wrote, “Barooshian’s prints enjoy a uniqueness. His heavily etched surfaces, which produce bold relief and strong textural areas, along with an interesting use of color, are contemporary elements that when joined to the past mark Martin Barooshian as a distinctly individual graphic artist.” In 1970, the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts mounted a major exhibition of 45 of Barooshian's color viscosity etchings, purchasing three for their permanent collection. Professional commitment Barooshian served as president of the Society of American Graphic Artists and the vice president of the U.S. Committee of the International Association of Art for the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Beginning in 1960 and for over a decade, Barooshian was the supervisor of the Graphics Workshop for Professionals at the Pratt Institute Graphic Art Center in Manhattan. During this period, the Pratt Workshop was a pioneering place of learning and innovation. While at Pratt, Barooshian had the opportunity to work with many of the major Abstract Expressionists of the period, teaching lithography to Barnett Newman. References External links The Art of Martin Barooshian website 1929 births People from Chelsea, Massachusetts 20th-century American painters 20th-century American printmakers American surrealist artists Artists from Massachusetts Atelier 17 alumni Living people School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts alumni

<mask> (1929-2022) was an American painter and printmaker. He is known for his ability to weave a tapestry of art historical influences with modernist elements and a contemporary sensibility. His work frequently dances the line of Surrealism and Expressionism, often with a pop and op art edge, incorporating aspects of primitive, Romantic, and Renaissance art. He has worked in a wide variety of media from miniature etchings to oversized oils on canvas. These have included woodcuts, lithographs, etchings and engravings with aquatint and soft ground, monotypes, gouache and watercolor paintings, and oils. He is also known for his technical skill and innovation. <mask> is a restless innovator with work that has moved through many periods with varying styles and transitions.However, <mask> defines himself as a Biomorphic Abstract Surrealist after his first personal artistic breakthrough and mature style. Cate McQuaid—art critic for The Boston Globe—dubbed <mask>'s biomorphic surrealist style as “Pablo Picasso meets Stan Lee,” recognizing the blend of the modern with the contemporary. Further, she recognized that <mask> held firm to his own artistic vision and was “not a follower of fashions” but instead “has always defined his own style…against the grain of the art scene.” <mask> has enjoyed a 70-year career as an artist and continues to actively create new works. Susan Faxon, associate director and Curator of the Addison Gallery of American Art, summed up her experience of reviewing <mask>'s oeuvre: “It was clear that [<mask>] had devoted a lifetime to the making of art and that he was still fully engaged on a daily basis in the creative process. So too it was clear that here was an artist whose sweep was wide, whose influences and interests were many, whose output was prodigious, and whose exuberance, inventiveness, imagination, and artistic commitment was boundless.“ Patrick Murphy, Lia and William Poorvu Associate Curator of Prints and Drawings at the Museum Of Fine Arts, Boston, called <mask> “a consummate printmaker, whose intriguing and oddly overlooked body of work deserves to be celebrated alongside that of mid-century contemporaries like Hayter, Helen Phillips, Fred Becker, and Gabor Peterdi.” A catalogue raisonne of <mask>'s prints from 1948 to 1970 has been completed. Exhibitions, collections, and awards <mask> has participated in hundreds of shows around the world, including over 50 one-man shows. His work is in the permanent collection of many important museums around the globe including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museum of Modern Art, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, the National Gallery of Art, and the Addison Gallery of American Art.In 2022, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston added 35 Barooshian works to its collection. He has won several awards including the Albert H. Whitin Traveling Fellowship, the Print Prize from the National Academy of Design, and the Dorothy Lathrop Award from the Print Club of Albany. Background <mask> was born in Chelsea, Massachusetts as the first of three children to Armenian immigrant parents, survivors of the Armenian genocide. <mask> studied at the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (SMFA) with Karl Zerbe, Ture Bengtz, and Richard C. Bartlett. He studied lithography in Paris with Gaston Dorfinant and Jean Pons. Perhaps the greatest influence on <mask>'s development was the time he spent in the early-1950s with Stanley William Hayter at his famed etching and engraving studio Atelier 17 in Paris. In addition to the fourth and fifth year diplomas earned at SFMA, <mask> also earned a Bachelor of Science in Education degree from Tufts University and a Master of Arts in Art History degree from Boston University.<mask> served in the United States Army, though he was never deployed. <mask> enjoyed very early success following his “discovery” by famed American etcher John Taylor Arms. This exposure directly led directly to the Library of Congress acquiring a complete portfolio of his woodcuts when <mask> was only aged 22. Childs Gallery in Boston held <mask>'s first one-man show in 1951. <mask> was introduced by his then girlfriend Reba Stewart to the art community of Provincetown, MA where <mask> found creative kinship throughout the 1950s. <mask> is represented in Provincetown by The Julie Heller Gallery. Atelier 17 and color viscosity etching While at Atelier 17, Baooshian was taught the color viscosity etching techniques developed by Hayter and his colleagues.Previous to this time in Paris, <mask>'s graphics output was largely woodcuts and lithographs. However, with intaglio etching, he found the graphics medium that best allowed him to express his personal vision and that would dominate his printmaking for decades. <mask> continued to adapt the concepts of color viscosity etching to his own needs, becoming one of its most important masters. Of these works, critic Malcolm Preston wrote, “<mask>’s prints enjoy a uniqueness. His heavily etched surfaces, which produce bold relief and strong textural areas, along with an interesting use of color, are contemporary elements that when joined to the past mark <mask> as a distinctly individual graphic artist.” In 1970, the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts mounted a major exhibition of 45 of <mask>'s color viscosity etchings, purchasing three for their permanent collection. Professional commitment <mask> served as president of the Society of American Graphic Artists and the vice president of the U.S. Committee of the International Association of Art for the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Beginning in 1960 and for over a decade, <mask> was the supervisor of the Graphics Workshop for Professionals at the Pratt Institute Graphic Art Center in Manhattan.During this period, the Pratt Workshop was a pioneering place of learning and innovation. While at Pratt, <mask> had the opportunity to work with many of the major Abstract Expressionists of the period, teaching lithography to Barnett Newman. References External links The Art of <mask>hian website 1929 births People from Chelsea, Massachusetts 20th-century American painters 20th-century American printmakers American surrealist artists Artists from Massachusetts Atelier 17 alumni Living people School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts alumni

<mask> was an American painter and printmaker. He is known for his ability to weave a tapestry of art historical influences with modern elements. His work often incorporates aspects of primitive, Romantic, and Renaissance art, as well as a pop and op art edge. He works in a wide range of media from miniature etchings to oversized oils on canvas. These include woodblocks, lithographs, etchings, and engravings with aquatint and soft ground, monotypes, gouache and watercolor paintings, and oils. He has a technical skill and innovation. <mask> is a restless innovator with work that has moved through many periods with different styles and transitions.After his first personal artistic breakthrough and mature style, <mask> defines himself as a biomorphic abstract surrealist. The Boston Globe's art critic called <mask>'s style "Pablo Picasso meets Stan Lee." She realized that <mask> had always defined his own style and was not a follower of fashions. Susan Faxon said that it was clear that <mask> had devoted a lifetime to the making of art and that he was still fully engaged on a daily basis. Patrick Murphy is the Associate Curator of Prints and Drawings at the Museum. <mask>hian works were added to the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. He has received several awards including the Print Prize from the National Academy of Design. <mask> was the first of three children to be born to survivors of the genocide. The School of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston was where <mask> studied. He studied in Paris with two other people. The time <mask> spent with Stanley William Hayter at his studio in Paris may be the greatest influence on his development. <mask> earned a Bachelor of Science in Education degree, a Master of Arts in Art History degree, and a fourth and fifth year diplomas at SFMA.<mask> was a member of the United States Army. Following his discovery by John Taylor Arms, <mask> enjoyed early success. When <mask> was only 22 years old, the Library of Congress acquired a complete portfolio of his woodcuts. The first one-man show by <mask> was held in Boston. <mask> was introduced to the art community of Provincetown, MA by his girlfriend Reba Stewart. The Julie Heller Gallery has a representation of <mask>. Hayter and his colleagues developed the color viscosity etching techniques.Prior to this time in Paris, <mask>'s graphics output was mostly woodblocks and lithographs. He used intaglio etching to express his vision and that medium dominated his printmaking for decades. As one of its most important masters, <mask> continued to adapt the concepts of color viscosity etching to his own needs. The critic wrote, "<mask>'s prints enjoy a uniqueness." His heavily etched surfaces, which produce bold relief and strong textural areas, along with an interesting use of color, are contemporary elements that when joined to the past mark <mask> as a distinctly individual graphic artist. <mask> was the president of the Society of American Graphic Artists and the vice president of the U.S. Committee of the International Association of Art for the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. <mask> was the supervisor of the Graphics Workshop for Professionals for over a decade.The workshop was a pioneer in learning and innovation. <mask> was able to work with many of the major abstract expressionists of the period, including Barnett Newman. The Art of Martin Barooshian website has links to other websites.

6848065

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takamine%20Hideo

Takamine Hideo

was an administrator and educator in Meiji period Japan. Early life Takamine was born to a samurai family in Aizuwakamatsu domain (present day Fukushima Prefecture) in 1854. After completing his studies in the feudal domain's school, Nisshinkan, he became a page to the daimyō Matsudaira Katamori from April 1868 to the surrender of the domain to imperial forces in the Boshin War in November that same year. He was sentenced to confinement for a time in Tokyo, and was placed in the care of the Matsudaira clan of the Tanba-Kameyama Domain. As part of his studies, he entered the private school of Numa Morikazu, where he began to learn English. He soon attended Keiō-gijuku (A private school founded by Fukuzawa Yukichi, which grew into the modern-day Keio University) and received a scholarship to attend Oswego Normal School (present day SUNY Oswego), in New York in the United States from 1875–1878. He was fortunate to attend Oswego during the very height of its fame as a progressive and innovative institution for teacher education. Takamine interacted with Edward Austin Sheldon (the director of the school) and lived in the house of famed educator Johann Heinrich Hermann Krüsi (1817–1903). During his time in the United States he also attended Anderson School of Natural History on Penikese Island during the summer of 1877 and spent one semester studying under Burt Wilder, a famous zoologist at Cornell University. He was the first Japanese (some believe to be the first Asian) to have a teaching credential. Later career After returning to Japan, Takamine worked as an assistant to American scientist Edward Sylvester Morse and accompanied him on a trek to the rugged areas of Hokkaidō which were occupied by the Ainu. He eventually became the Vice Principal and Principal of the Tokyo Normal School/ Tokyo Higher Normal School (same school but the name was changed), Principal of the Tokyo Art School, and Tokyo Music School. He was also deeply involved in women's education and became the Principal of Tokyo Women's Higher Normal School. Generally, he is remembered as the man who introduced Pestallozian teaching methods and philosophy to Japan due to his translation of James Johonnot's Principles and Practice of Teaching into Japanese as Kyoiku Shinron [the new theory of education] 1885. Other projects he focused on included Japan's Exhibit in the Columbian Exposition of 1893 and he was involved in the Japan–British Exhibition (1910). His legacy is mixed, as despite his attempts to implement the American model of education in Japan, in the end, the government adopted the more conservative, German model. Takamine's son, Takamine Toshio (1885–1959), was a famous physicist who worked in the field of spectroscopy. Selected works Takamine Hideo, trans Kyōiku Shinron [The New Theory of Education] 1885 Takamine Hideo and Iwakawa Tomotarō Dōbutsu Hikaku Kaibozu [Anatomical Charts of Comparative Zoology 4 vol] Tokyo: Fukyusha 1885 Ministry of Education Beikoku Gakkōhō [the American School Systems] 1878 (In a letter to his mother Takamine mentions that he translated over 200 pages for this manual. His name does not appear in the text). Hideo Takamine "Address at Tokyo Normal School", Tokyo Meikeikai Zasshi No. 14 (March 1884) pp. 9–21 recorded by Torasaburo Wakabayashi faithful student and colleague Honors Order of the Rising Sun References Ahagon, Chokusei. "The Influence of the Oswego Movement upon Japanese education, through Hideo Takamine in Early Meiji Japan 1860s–1880s" Phd Diss. State University of New York, Buffalo 1995 Ishikawa, H. (1902). Joshi Koto Shihan Gakko Kocho Takamine Hideo Kun (The Principal of the Woman's Senior Normal School, Mr Takamine Hideo). Kyoiku Kai, 1(11), 73. (In Japanese) Japan's Modern Educational System: A History of the First Hundred Years Ministry of Education, Science and Culture Anderson, Ronald S. Education in Japan: A Century of Modern Development Washington: U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare (U.S. Government Printing Office), 1975. Beauchamp, Edward R. and Akira Iriye, ed. Foreign Employees in Nineteenth-Century Japan. London: Westview Press, 1990. Johonnot, James. Principles and Practice of Teaching. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1878. Kaigo, Tokiomi . "The American Influence on the Education in Japan" Journal of Educational Sociology Vol. 26, No. 1 (Sep., 1952), pp. 9–15 Krüsi, Hermann. Recollections of my life, by Hermann Krüsi. An autobiographical sketch supplemented by extracts from his personal records and a review of his literary productions together with selected essays, arranged and ed. by Elizabeth Sheldon Alling. New York, The Grafton press [c1907] Kuno, Akiko. translated by Kirsten McIvor. Unexpected Destinations: The Poignant Story of Japan's First Vassar Graduate. New York: Kodansha International, 1993. Lincicome, Mark. Principle, Praxis, and the Politics of Educational Reform in Meiji Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1995. Morse, Edward Sylvester. Japan Day by Day, 1877, 1878–79, 1882–83. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. OCLC 412843 Japan Day by Day, Vol. I.; Full View Japan Day by Day, Vol. II.; Full View Nishihira, Isao. Western Influences of the Modernization of Japanese Education, 1868–1912. Phd Diss. 1972. Oswego State Normal School, e. HISTORICAL SKETCHES RELATING TO THE FIRST QUARTER CENTURY OF THE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL AND TRAINING SCHOOL AT OSWEGO NY B.J. Oliphant and Printer 1888. _. History of the First Half Century of the Oswego State Normal and Training School at Oswego, NY The Radcliffe Press, 1913. Rogers, Dorothy. Oswego: fountainhead of teacher education; a century in the Sheldon tradition. New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts [1961] Straight, Willard Dickerman, 1880–1918. The Willard Straight papers at Cornell University. Ithaca, N.Y. : Photo Science of Cornell University, 1973. 12 reels ; 35 mm. (reels 1, 8, 9 and 12) Wayman, Dorothy G. Edward Sylvester Morse: A Biography Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard Univ. Press 1942 External links TakamineHideo.net Meiji Restoration Samurai 1854 births 1910 deaths Japanese educators Japanese pages People from Aizu Aizu-Matsudaira retainers Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun

was an administrator and educator in Meiji period Japan. Early life Takamine was born to a samurai family in Aizuwakamatsu domain (present day Fukushima Prefecture) in 1854. After completing his studies in the feudal domain's school, Nisshinkan, he became a page to the daimyō Matsudaira Katamori from April 1868 to the surrender of the domain to imperial forces in the Boshin War in November that same year. He was sentenced to confinement for a time in Tokyo, and was placed in the care of the Matsudaira clan of the Tanba-Kameyama Domain. As part of his studies, he entered the private school of Numa Morikazu, where he began to learn English. He soon attended Keiō-gijuku (A private school founded by Fukuzawa Yukichi, which grew into the modern-day Keio University) and received a scholarship to attend Oswego Normal School (present day SUNY Oswego), in New York in the United States from 1875–1878. He was fortunate to attend Oswego during the very height of its fame as a progressive and innovative institution for teacher education.Takamine interacted with Edward Austin Sheldon (the director of the school) and lived in the house of famed educator Johann Heinrich Hermann Krüsi (1817–1903). During his time in the United States he also attended Anderson School of Natural History on Penikese Island during the summer of 1877 and spent one semester studying under Burt Wilder, a famous zoologist at Cornell University. He was the first Japanese (some believe to be the first Asian) to have a teaching credential. Later career After returning to Japan, Takamine worked as an assistant to American scientist Edward Sylvester Morse and accompanied him on a trek to the rugged areas of Hokkaidō which were occupied by the Ainu. He eventually became the Vice Principal and Principal of the Tokyo Normal School/ Tokyo Higher Normal School (same school but the name was changed), Principal of the Tokyo Art School, and Tokyo Music School. He was also deeply involved in women's education and became the Principal of Tokyo Women's Higher Normal School. Generally, he is remembered as the man who introduced Pestallozian teaching methods and philosophy to Japan due to his translation of James Johonnot's Principles and Practice of Teaching into Japanese as Kyoiku Shinron [the new theory of education] 1885.Other projects he focused on included Japan's Exhibit in the Columbian Exposition of 1893 and he was involved in the Japan–British Exhibition (1910). His legacy is mixed, as despite his attempts to implement the American model of education in Japan, in the end, the government adopted the more conservative, German model. <mask>'s son, <mask> Toshio (1885–1959), was a famous physicist who worked in the field of spectroscopy. Selected works <mask> <mask>, trans Kyōiku Shinron [The New Theory of Education] 1885 <mask> <mask> and Iwakawa Tomotarō Dōbutsu Hikaku Kaibozu [Anatomical Charts of Comparative Zoology 4 vol] Tokyo: Fukyusha 1885 Ministry of Education Beikoku Gakkōhō [the American School Systems] 1878 (In a letter to his mother Takamine mentions that he translated over 200 pages for this manual. His name does not appear in the text). <mask> Takamine "Address at Tokyo Normal School", Tokyo Meikeikai Zasshi No. 14 (March 1884) pp.9–21 recorded by Torasaburo Wakabayashi faithful student and colleague Honors Order of the Rising Sun References Ahagon, Chokusei. "The Influence of the Oswego Movement upon Japanese education, through <mask> <mask> in Early Meiji Japan 1860s–1880s" Phd Diss. State University of New York, Buffalo 1995 Ishikawa, H. (1902). Joshi Koto Shihan Gakko Kocho Takamine Hideo Kun (The Principal of the Woman's Senior Normal School, Mr Takamine Hideo). Kyoiku Kai, 1(11), 73. (In Japanese) Japan's Modern Educational System: A History of the First Hundred Years Ministry of Education, Science and Culture Anderson, Ronald S. Education in Japan: A Century of Modern Development Washington: U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare (U.S. Government Printing Office), 1975. Beauchamp, Edward R. and Akira Iriye, ed.Foreign Employees in Nineteenth-Century Japan. London: Westview Press, 1990. Johonnot, James. Principles and Practice of Teaching. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1878. Kaigo, Tokiomi . "The American Influence on the Education in Japan" Journal of Educational Sociology Vol.26, No. 1 (Sep., 1952), pp. 9–15 Krüsi, Hermann. Recollections of my life, by Hermann Krüsi. An autobiographical sketch supplemented by extracts from his personal records and a review of his literary productions together with selected essays, arranged and ed. by Elizabeth Sheldon Alling. New York, The Grafton press [c1907] Kuno, Akiko.translated by Kirsten McIvor. Unexpected Destinations: The Poignant Story of Japan's First Vassar Graduate. New York: Kodansha International, 1993. Lincicome, Mark. Principle, Praxis, and the Politics of Educational Reform in Meiji Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1995. Morse, Edward Sylvester.Japan Day by Day, 1877, 1878–79, 1882–83. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. OCLC 412843 Japan Day by Day, Vol. I.; Full View Japan Day by Day, Vol. II. ; Full View Nishihira, Isao. Western Influences of the Modernization of Japanese Education, 1868–1912.Phd Diss. 1972. Oswego State Normal School, e. HISTORICAL SKETCHES RELATING TO THE FIRST QUARTER CENTURY OF THE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL AND TRAINING SCHOOL AT OSWEGO NY B.J. Oliphant and Printer 1888. _. History of the First Half Century of the Oswego State Normal and Training School at Oswego, NY The Radcliffe Press, 1913. Rogers, Dorothy.Oswego: fountainhead of teacher education; a century in the Sheldon tradition. New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts [1961] Straight, Willard Dickerman, 1880–1918. The Willard Straight papers at Cornell University. Ithaca, N.Y. : Photo Science of Cornell University, 1973. 12 reels ; 35 mm. (reels 1, 8, 9 and 12) Wayman, Dorothy G. Edward Sylvester Morse: A Biography Cambridge Massachusetts Harvard Univ. Press 1942 External links TakamineHideo.net Meiji Restoration Samurai 1854 births 1910 deaths Japanese educators Japanese pages People from Aizu Aizu-Matsudaira retainers Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun

In Meiji period Japan, he was an administrator. <mask> was born to a samurai family in 1854. He became a page to the daimy Matsudaira Katamori in 1868 after completing his studies in the feudal domain's school. He was placed in the care of the Matsudaira clan after being sentenced to confinement in Tokyo. He began to learn English after entering the private school of Numa Morikazu. He attended a private school founded by Fukuzawa Yukichi and received a scholarship to attend a Normal School in New York in the United States. During the height of its fame, Oswego was a progressive and innovative institution for teacher education.The director of the school and Takamine lived in the same house. During his time in the United States, he attended the Anderson School of Natural History on Penikese Island and studied under a famous zoologist. He is believed to be the first Asian to have a teachingcredential. After returning to Japan, Takamine worked as an assistant to an American scientist and accompanied him on a trek to the rugged areas of Hokkaid which were occupied by the Ainu. He became the Principal of the Tokyo Art School, the Vice Principal and Principal of the Tokyo Normal School, and the Principal of the Tokyo Music School. He became the Principal of Tokyo Women's Higher Normal School because of his involvement in women's education. He is remembered as the man who introduced Pestallozian teaching methods and philosophy to Japan due to his translation of James Johonnot's Principles and Practice of Teaching into Japanese.The Japan–British Exhibition was one of the projects he was involved in. Despite his attempts to implement the American model of education in Japan, the government adopted the more conservative German model. <mask>'s son, <mask> Toshio, was a famous physicist. The New Theory of Education, edited by <mask> <mask> and Iwakawa Tomotar Dbutsu Hikaku Kaibozu, was published in 1885. His name is not in the text. <mask> <mask> has an address at Tokyo Normal School. 13 (March 1884) pp.The Honors Order of the Rising Sun References Ahagon, Chokusei was recorded by Torasaburo Wakabayashi. The Influence of the Oswego movement upon Japanese education was influenced by <mask> <mask>. Ishikawa, H. was a student at the State University of New York. The Principal of the Woman's Senior Normal School is Mr. <mask> <mask>. The 1(11), 73 was written by Kyoiku Kai. Education in Japan: A Century of Modern Development was published by the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Edward R. and Akira Iriye wrote the ed.Foreign employees worked in Japan in the 19th century. Westview Press was in London in 1990. James Johonnot. There are principles and practices of teaching. D. Appleton and Company was founded in New York. Kaigo, Tokiomi. The American Influence on the Education in Japan is in the Journal of Educational Sociology.26, No. There was a pp. 1 (Sep., 1952). 9–15 Krsi. Recollections of my life were written by Krsi. An autobiographical sketch supplemented by extracts from his personal records and a review of his literary productions together with selected essays, arranged and ed. Elizabeth Alling is a writer. The Grafton press was in New York.It was translated by Kirsten McIvor. The story of Japan's first Vassar graduate is unexpected. New York: Kodansha International. Mark Lincicome. The politics of educational reform in Japan were studied. The University of Hawaii Press was published in 1995. Edward Sylvester Morse.Japan Day by Day began in 1877. The company is in Boston. There is a Japan Day by Day. There is a full view of Japan Day by Day. I. There is a full view of Nishihira. The Modernization of Japanese Education had Western influences.Diss. 1972. The history of the first quarter of the State Normal School and Training School can be found at OSWEGO NY B.J. The Printer and Oliphant. _. The history of the first half century of the Oswego State Normal and Training School. Rogers is the name of the person.The fountainhead of teacher education is in Oswego. New York, Appleton-Century-Crofts. The papers were written at Cornell University. The Photo Science of Cornell University was published in 1973. There are 12 reels and 35mm. Wayman is the author of A Cambridge Biography Massachusetts Harvard Univ. Press 1942 External links TakamineHideo.net Meiji Restoration Samurai 1854 births 1910 deaths Japanese educators Japanese pages People from Aizu Aizu-Matsudaira retainers Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun

60636915

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulabdam%20Sor.Jor.Piek-U-Thai

Kulabdam Sor.Jor.Piek-U-Thai

Kulabdam Sor Jor Piek-U-Thai (กุหลาบดำ ส.จ.เปี๊ยกอุทัย) is a Thai Muay Thai fighter. Biography In 2016 Kulabdam became very popular at the Channel 7 Stadium with a streak of knockouts. For his results during the year 2017 he received the most prestigious distinction in muay thai the Sports Writers Association Fighter of the Year Award. In February 2018 he won the Lumpinee 135lbs title against Genji Umeno in Tokyo. ONE Championship In September 2019, Kulabadam made his debut for ONE Championship at ONE Championship: Immortal Triumph. He scored a knockdown in the first round and won a unanimous decision against Bobo Sacko in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. He faced Sangmanee Sor Tienpo on August 21, 2020 in the ONE Bantamweight Muay Thai Tournament Semi-Final. Kulabdam knocked out Sangmanee in the first round to advance to the Tournament Final, where was set to face Saemapetch Fairtex. Soon after, it was announced that Saemapetch was injured and Kulabdam would face Rodlek P.K. Saenchaimuaythaigym in the Final. On August 28, 2020, Kulabdam was dominated in the ONE Bantamweight Muay Thai Tournament Final, getting knocked down twice, and lost by unanimous decision to Rodlek. Kulabdam faced Saemapetch Fairtex on May 28, 2021 at ONE Championship: Full Blast. He lost by first-round knockout via punch to the body. Personal life Kulabdam has a younger brother who is also a fighter named Tai Sor-Jor Piekuthai. Titles and accomplishments Lumpinee Stadium 2018 Lumpinee Stadium 135lbs Champion 2018 Lumpinee Stadium Fight of the Year (June 5 vs Muangthai PKSaenchaimuaythaigym) 2019 Lumpinee Stadium 140lbs Champion 2019 Lumpinee Stadium Fight of the Year (May 10 vs Nuenglanlek Jitmuangnon) Professional Boxing Association of Thailand (PAT) 2017 Thailand 135lbs Champion Awards 2017 Sports Writers Association of Thailand Fighter of the Year Fight record |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2021-11-26|| Loss ||align=left| Yodlekpet Or.Achariya || Muaythai Moradok Kon Thai + Rajadamnern Super Fight || Buriram, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2021-10-03|| Win ||align=left| Saeksan Or. Kwanmuang || Channel 7 Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00 |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2021-04-28 || Loss ||align=left| Saemapetch Fairtex || ONE Championship: Full Blast || Singapore || KO (Straight to the body) || 1 || 2:12 |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2020-12-08|| Win ||align=left| Shadow Suanaharnpeekmai || Lumpinee Birthday Show, Lumpinee Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || KO (left hook) || 2 || |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2020-08-28|| Loss ||align=left| Rodlek P.K. Saenchaimuaythaigym || ONE Championship: A New Breed || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00 |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2020-07-31|| Win ||align=left| Sangmanee Sor Tienpo || ONE Championship: No Surrender 3 || Bangkok, Thailand || KO (Left Cross) || 1 ||2:45 |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2019-10-05||Loss||align=left| Nuenglanlek Jitmuangnon || Yod Muay Thai Naikhanomton || Buriram, Thailand || TKO (Knees to the Body)|| 4 || |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2019-09-06|| Win ||align=left| Bobo Sacko || ONE Championship: Immortal Triumph || Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 ||3:00 |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2019-06-26|| Win ||align=left| Shadow Suanaharnpeekmai || RuamponkonSamui + Kiatpetch Super Fight || Surat Thani, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00 |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2019-05-10|| Win ||align=left| Nuenglanlek Jitmuangnon || Lumpinee Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00 |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2019-03-19|| Win ||align=left| Ferrari Jakrayanmuaythai || Lumpinee Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2019-02-12|| Loss ||align=left| Nuenglanlek Jitmuangnon || Lumpinee Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || KO (Right high kick) || 4 || |- bgcolor="#cfc" |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2018-11-08|| Loss ||align=left| Tawanchai PK Saenchaimuaythaigym || Lumpinee Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00 |- bgcolor="#cfc" |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2018-10-05|| Loss ||align=left| Tawanchai PK Saenchaimuaythaigym || Muay Thai Expo: The Legend of Muay Thai || Buriram, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00 |- bgcolor="#cfc" |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2018-09-07|| Loss ||align=left| Tawanchai PK Saenchaimuaythaigym || Lumpinee Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00 |- bgcolor="#cfc" |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2018-07-06 || Win ||align=left| Muangthai PKSaenchaimuaythaigym || Samui Super Fight || Koh Samui, Thailand || TKO || 3 || 1:15 |- style="background:#c5d2ea;" | 2018-06-05|| Draw ||align=left| Muangthai PKSaenchaimuaythaigym || Lumpinee Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00 |- bgcolor="#cfc" |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2018-05-01|| Win ||align=left| Nuenglanlek Jitmuangnon || Lumpinee Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00 |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2018-04-01|| Win ||align=left| Darky Sawansangmanja || Channel 7 Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00 |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2018-02-18|| Win ||align=left| Genji Umeno || Rebels 54 || Tokyo, Japan || KO|| 4 || |- bgcolor="#cfc" ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2017-11-07 || Loss ||align=left| Muangthai PKSaenchaimuaythaigym || Petchkiatpetch Fight, Lumpinee Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00 |- style="background:#fbb;" |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2017-09-08 || Win ||align=left| Petganat MuDen || Lumpinee Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || KO || 3 || |- style="background:#fbb;" ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#c5d2ea;" | 2017-08-13 || Draw ||align=left| Petganat MuDen || Channel 7 Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00 |- style="background:#fbb;" |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2017-07-14 || Win ||align=left| Pinphet Sitjadaeng || Lumpinee Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || KO || 3 || |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2017-05-07 || Win ||align=left| Pinphet Sitjadaeng || Channel 7 Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00 |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2017-04-05 || Win ||align=left| Petchmahachon Jitmuangnon || || Thailand || Decision|| 5 || 3:00 |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2017-02-12 || Win ||align=left| Desellek MU-Den || Channel 7 Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || KO|| || |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2017-01-08 || Win ||align=left| Talaydam Sor Kitrongrot|| Channel 7 Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || KO || 3 || |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2016-09-18 || Win ||align=left| Chumopetch || Channel 7 Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || KO || 2 || |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2016-08-07 || Win ||align=left| Petaek Kiat WorSurin || Channel 7 Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision|| 5 || 3:00 |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2016-06-26 || Win ||align=left| Aikphipop Mor.Krungthepthonburi || Channel 7 Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || KO || 3 || |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2016-05-29 || Win ||align=left| Kongdai Kaewsamrit || Channel 7 Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || KO || 2 || |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2016-04-24 || Win ||align=left| Petch Tor.Thepsuthin || Channel 7 Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || KO || 2 || |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2016-04-20 || Win ||align=left| Suntos Tanbangsean || Channel 7 Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || KO || 3 || |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2016-01-07 || Loss ||align=left| Nopakao Sitjepin || Channel 7 Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00 |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2015-10-04 || Win ||align=left| Mantongkam Sitpanancheong || || Nonthaburi, Thailand || KO || 2 || |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2015-09-04 || Win ||align=left| Mongkolchai Chonburi || Lumpinee Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision|| 5 || 3:00 |- | colspan=9 | Legend: References 1998 births Living people Kulabdam Sor.Jor.Piek-U-Thai ONE Championship kickboxers

<mask>r Jor Piek-U-Thai (กุหลาบดำ ส.จ.เปี๊ยกอุทัย) is a Thai Muay Thai fighter. Biography In 2016 <mask> became very popular at the Channel 7 Stadium with a streak of knockouts. For his results during the year 2017 he received the most prestigious distinction in muay thai the Sports Writers Association Fighter of the Year Award. In February 2018 he won the Lumpinee 135lbs title against Genji Umeno in Tokyo. ONE Championship In September 2019, Kulabadam made his debut for ONE Championship at ONE Championship: Immortal Triumph. He scored a knockdown in the first round and won a unanimous decision against Bobo Sacko in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. He faced Sangmanee Sor Tienpo on August 21, 2020 in the ONE Bantamweight Muay Thai Tournament Semi-Final.<mask> knocked out Sangmanee in the first round to advance to the Tournament Final, where was set to face Saemapetch Fairtex. Soon after, it was announced that Saemapetch was injured and <mask> would face Rodlek P.K. Saenchaimuaythaigym in the Final. On August 28, 2020, <mask> was dominated in the ONE Bantamweight Muay Thai Tournament Final, getting knocked down twice, and lost by unanimous decision to Rodlek. <mask> faced Saemapetch Fairtex on May 28, 2021 at ONE Championship: Full Blast. He lost by first-round knockout via punch to the body. Personal life <mask> has a younger brother who is also a fighter named Tai Sor-Jor Piekuthai.Titles and accomplishments Lumpinee Stadium 2018 Lumpinee Stadium 135lbs Champion 2018 Lumpinee Stadium Fight of the Year (June 5 vs Muangthai PKSaenchaimuaythaigym) 2019 Lumpinee Stadium 140lbs Champion 2019 Lumpinee Stadium Fight of the Year (May 10 vs Nuenglanlek Jitmuangnon) Professional Boxing Association of Thailand (PAT) 2017 Thailand 135lbs Champion Awards 2017 Sports Writers Association of Thailand Fighter of the Year Fight record |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2021-11-26|| Loss ||align=left| Yodlekpet Or.Achariya || Muaythai Moradok Kon Thai + Rajadamnern Super Fight || Buriram, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00 |- ! style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2021-10-03|| Win ||align=left| Saeksan Or. Kwanmuang || Channel 7 Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00 |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2021-04-28 || Loss ||align=left| Saemapetch Fairtex || ONE Championship: Full Blast || Singapore || KO (Straight to the body) || 1 || 2:12 |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2020-12-08|| Win ||align=left| Shadow Suanaharnpeekmai || Lumpinee Birthday Show, Lumpinee Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || KO (left hook) || 2 || |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2020-08-28|| Loss ||align=left| Rodlek P.K. style=background:white colspan=9 | |- style="background:#fbb;" | 2017-11-07 || Loss ||align=left| Muangthai PKSaenchaimuaythaigym || Petchkiatpetch Fight, Lumpinee Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00 |- style="background:#fbb;" |- style="background:#cfc;" | 2017-09-08 || Win ||align=left| Petganat MuDen || Lumpinee Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || KO || 3 || |- style="background:#fbb;" !

<mask>r Jor Piek-U-Thai is a Muay Thai fighter. <mask> became very popular at the Channel 7 Stadium with his knockouts. The Sports Writers Association Fighter of the Year Award was given to him for his results during the year. He won the 135 lbs title against Genji Umeno in Tokyo. Kulabadam made his ONE Championship debut in September. He won a unanimous decision against Bobo Sacko after scoring a knockdown in the first round. He faced Sangmanee Sor Tienpo on August 21, 2020.Sangmanee was knocked out by <mask> in the first round of the Tournament Final. Saemapetch was injured and <mask> would face Rodlek P.K. The Final is Saenchaimuaythaigym. <mask> was defeated in the ONE Muay Thai Tournament Final by a unanimous decision. At ONE Championship: Full Blast, <mask> faced Saemapetch Fairtex. He was knocked out by a punch to the body. <mask>'s younger brother is a fighter named Tai Sor-Jor Piekuthai.The fight of the year for Lumpinee Stadium is June 5 vs Muangthai. There is a style called "background:white colspan" and it is used in 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465 888-282-0465. The decision was made at the Channel 7 Stadium in Bangkok, Thailand. The Petchkiatpetch Fight was held at the Lumpinee Stadium in Thailand.