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Ronda is situated in a very mountainous area about 750 m [[above mean sea level]]. The [[Guadalevín]] River runs through the city, dividing it in two and carving out the steep, 100 plus meters deep El Tajo [[canyon]] upon which the city perches. The [[Spanish Fir]] (''[[fir|Abies]] pinsapo'') is [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]] to the mountains surrounding Ronda.
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2016-09-17T06:55:04Z
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Ronda is situated in a very mountainous area about {{convert|750|m}} [[above mean sea level]]. The [[Guadalevín]] River runs through the city, dividing it in two and carving out the steep, 100 plus meters deep El Tajo [[canyon]] upon which the city perches. The [[Spanish Fir]] (''[[fir|Abies]] pinsapo'') is [[endemic (ecology)|endemic]] to the mountains surrounding Ronda.
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2016-10-10T15:03:06Z
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Many years later, [[Edward Stillingfleet]]'s ''Irenicon'' led him to decide that [[holy orders]] could be valid when conferred by a [[presbyter]] rather than a bishop. Nevertheless, some believe that Wesley was secretly consecrated a bishop in 1763 by [[Erasmus of Arcadia]],<!--
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2016-10-05T22:24:23Z
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Many years later, [[Edward Stillingfleet]]'s ''Irenicon'' led him to decide that [[ordination]] (and [[holy orders]]) could be valid when performed by a [[presbyter]] rather than a bishop. Nevertheless, some believe that Wesley was secretly consecrated a bishop in 1763 by [[Erasmus of Arcadia]],<!--
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2016-10-05T22:25:39Z
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Most monetarists oppose the [[gold standard]]. Friedman, for example, viewed a pure gold standard as impractical.<ref>[http://www.fff.org/freedom/0399b.asp Monetary Central Planning and the State, Part 27: Milton Friedman's Second Thoughts on the Costs of Paper Money] {{wayback|url=http://www.fff.org/freedom/0399b.asp |date=20150620081040 }}</ref> For example, whereas one of the benefits of the gold standard is that the intrinsic limitations to the growth of the money supply by the use of gold or silver would prevent inflation, if the growth of population or increase in trade outpaces the money supply, there would be no way to counteract deflation and reduced liquidity (and any attendant recession) except for the mining of more gold.
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2016-10-18T09:30:37Z
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Most monetarists oppose the [[gold standard]]. Friedman, for example, viewed a pure gold standard as impractical.<ref>[http://www.fff.org/freedom/0399b.asp Monetary Central Planning and the State, Part 27: Milton Friedman's Second Thoughts on the Costs of Paper Money] {{wayback|url=http://www.fff.org/freedom/0399b.asp |date=20150620081040 }}</ref> For example, whereas one of the benefits of the gold standard is that the intrinsic limitations to the growth of the money supply by the use of gold would prevent inflation, if the growth of population or increase in trade outpaces the money supply, there would be no way to counteract deflation and reduced liquidity (and any attendant recession) except for the mining of more gold.
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2016-10-18T09:31:36Z
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=746316220
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Azzolina was a Middletown resident who was raised in Highlands and attended grammar and high school there. His parents were John and Angelina Giaimi Azzolina, who emigrated to the United States from Sicily during the 1920s. He joined the U.S. Navy in 1944 at 18 years old and was later enrolled in ROTC at Drew University. Azzolina left the Active Duty Navy in 1947 to serve in the U.S. Navy Reserves, where he eventually earned the rank of Captain. <ref>http://obits.nj.com/obituaries/starledger/obituary.aspx?pid=141924295</ref>
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2016-10-26T17:11:58Z
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Azzolina was a Middletown resident who was raised in Highlands and attended grammar and high school there. His parents were John and Angelina Giaimi Azzolina, who emigrated to the United States from Sicily during the 1920s. He joined the U.S. Navy in 1944 at 18 years old and was later enrolled in ROTC at Drew University. Azzolina left the Active Duty Navy in 1947 to serve in the U.S. Navy Reserves, where he eventually earned the rank of Captain. <ref>http://obits.nj.com/obituaries/starledger/obituary.aspx?pid=141924295</ref> As well as being a politician and businessman, Azzolina also owned The Courier newspaper, in Middletown, for many years before it closed, in April, 2009. <ref>http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2010/04/joseph_azzolina_who_led_charge.html</ref>
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2016-10-26T17:16:33Z
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742146464
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| {{ntsh|1000}}1,000{{refn|group=nb|"Although he never inherited his father’s fortune, the Kennedy family estate was worth nearly $1 billion dollars."<ref name="24/7 Wall St."/>}}<ref name="time1"/>
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2016-09-18T12:59:37Z
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| {{ntsh|100}}100{{refn|group=nb|"Although he never inherited his father’s fortune, the Kennedy family estate was worth nearly $1 billion dollars."<ref name="24/7 Wall St."/>}}<ref name="time1"/>
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2016-10-02T00:01:22Z
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742942886
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A '''minicomic''' is a creator-published [[comic book]], often [[photocopying|photocopied]] and stapled or with a handmade binding. In the United Kingdom and Europe the term "[[British small press comics|small press comic]]" is equivalent with minicomic, reserved for those publications measuring A6 (105 mm × 148 mm) or less.
Minicomics are a common inexpensive way for those who want to make their own comics on a very small budget, with mostly informal means of [[distribution (business)|distribution]]. A number of [[cartoonist]]s{{who|date=October 2016}} have started this way and gone on to more traditional types of publishing, while other more established artists{{who|date=October 2016}} continue to produce minicomics on the side. The minicomic phenomenon is comparable to [[indie music]], in the celebration of the [[DIY]] aesthetic and the autonomy of the artist.{{cn|date=October 2016}}
==History==
The term was originally used in the United States and has a somewhat confusing history. Originally, the term "minicomic" referred only to size: a ''[[Digest size#Comics digests|digest comic]]'' measured 5.5 inches wide by 8.5 inches tall, while a ''minicomic'' was 5.5 inches by 4.25 inches.{{cn|date=October 2016}} In reality, there is no standard format for a minicomic. Anything between regular comic book size to even the size of a postage stamp can be considered a minicomic.
Many minicomics are non-standard sizes for aesthetic reasons,{{cn|date=October 2016}} or are often connected to [[graphic design]] and book print "tricks" to look good. Many of these typical sizes are convenient for artists using standard office supplies: a [[Paper size|US letter page]] can be folded in half to make a digest, or in quarters for a minicomic. These comics are generally photocopied, although some are produced in larger quantities using [[offset printing]].
An early and unusually popular example of this type of minicomic format is [[Matt Feazell]]'s ''Cynicalman'', which began in 1980, or Alfred Huete's award-winning ''DADA'' mini.
(The earliest and most popular comics in mini- and digest sizes—predating not only the term ''minicomic'', but even the standard comic-book format—were the anonymous and pornographic [[Tijuana bible]]s of the 1920s.)
Many mini comics in the 1980s were produced by artists influenced by the [[underground comix]] scene who were unable to get work published in underground and [[Alternative comics|alternative]] publications.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dowers |first1=Michael |title=Newave! The Underground Mini Comix Of The 1980s |year=2010 |publisher=Fantagraphics Books |isbn=978-1-60699-313-2 |pages=9–11 |chapter=Introduction }}</ref>
Currently, the term is used in a more general sense which emphasizes the handmade, informal aspect rather than the format. By this loose definition, a single photocopied page folded in quarters would still be a minicomic, but so would a thicker digest-sized comic, or even a large, elaborate, and relatively expensive photocopied booklet with a [[screen-printing|silkscreened]] cover. Even some professionally printed and bound booklets are referred to as minicomics, as long as they are published by the artist and marketed in minicomic venues, but this usage is controversial.
In North America, the United Kingdom and Malaysia, minicomics are currently rare in traditional "[[direct market]]" comic-book stores; they are often sold directly by the artist at book fairs or through the mail, ordered from [[website]]s, or handled by small bookstores and distributors that carry [[zine]]s. In terms of production and distribution issues and their audience, minicomics—of all of the sizes and types mentioned above—have much more in common with each other, and with zines, than with any traditionally published comics; this may be the reason why the meaning of the term has shifted. In Europe many specialized comic books stores have a special little corner dedicated to the odd off size little self-printed books. On comic book conventions, such as the one in [[Angoulême]], there are large markets where the little books are available. Because most of the books are rather cheap and rare, it has become a collecting target.
Minicomics typically have no editorial oversight, and both their content and quality varies over a huge range. Many of the creators of minicomics do not expect to make a significant amount of money, or even cover their costs, with the price they charge for their comics. These creators may see minicomics as a way to hone their skills or as a way to get their work seen by a larger audience, or may be drawn to the format for aesthetic reasons. Some observers have anticipated that the rise of [[webcomic]]s would be the end of minicomics, but as of 2005 this does not appear to be the case.
==Alternate meaning==
The term '''minicomic''' also refers to the small comics that come in the packages of some toys.
===Masters of the Universe===
The first [[Masters of the Universe]] (MOTU) toys did not have a TV series, and thus came with little story booklets (and later, comics) that showed the original background of the series ([[He-Man]] as a barbarian, [[Skeletor]] from another dimension, etc.). However, after the later sources ([[DC Comics]] and the TV series) started to change that background (He-Man as [[Prince Adam]], for example) the comics began to reflect those changes.
===Super Powers===
Kenner created a collection of action figures based on the DC Comics super-heroes and super-villains, called [[Super Powers Collection|Super Powers]]. The first two waves of the collection came with minicomics which featured the character with which it came, one of the villains from the collection (who, obviously, was the antagonist of the story inside the comic) and other heroes featured in the collection.
===Transformers===
The toys of [[Transformers Armada]] and [[Transformers Energon]] came with minicomics that featured the characters of the toylines.
===Marvel Megamorphs===
This was a toyline created by Toy Biz in order to compete with Hasbro's Transformers. The [[Marvel Megamorphs|Megamorphs]] were transforming robots patterned on [[Marvel Comics]] super heroes. Each figure came with a minicomic featuring the Megamorph with which it came. All six minicomics formed a complete storyline.
===Atari Force===
A five comic series included with certain [[Atari 2600]] game cartridges.
===Swordquest===
Three comics included with the [[Atari 2600]] cartridges for the [[Swordquest]] series.
*[[List of He-Man Minicomics]]
*[[List of Super Powers Minicomics]]
*[[Garaj Komik]]
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2016-10-06T19:20:27Z
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A '''minicomic''' is a creator-published [[comic book]], often [[photocopying|photocopied]] and stapled or with a handmade binding. In the United Kingdom and Europe the term '''[[British small press comics|small press comic]]''' is equivalent with minicomic, reserved for those publications measuring A6 (105 mm × 148 mm) or less.
Minicomics are a common inexpensive way for those who want to make their own comics on a very small budget, with mostly informal means of [[distribution (business)|distribution]]. A number of [[cartoonist]]s — such as [[Jessica Abel]], [[Julie Doucet]], and [[Adrian Tomine]] — have started their careers this way and later gone on to more traditional types of publishing, while other established artists — such as [[Matt Feazell]] and [[John Porcellino]] — continue to publish minicomics as their main means of production. The minicomic phenomenon is comparable to [[indie music]], in its celebration of the [[DIY]] aesthetic and the autonomy of the artist.{{cn}}
The term "mincomic" was originally used in the United States and has a somewhat confusing history. Originally, it referred only to size: a ''[[Digest size#Comics digests|digest comic]]'' measured 5.5 inches wide by 8.5 inches tall, while a ''minicomic'' was 5.5 inches by 4.25 inches.{{cn}}
Currently, there is no standard format for a minicomic. Anything between something the size of a [[postage stamp]] to regular comic book size can be considered a minicomic. The term "minicomic" is used in a more general sense, emphasizing the publication's handmade, informal aspect rather than the format. By this loose definition, a single photocopied page folded in quarters would still be a minicomic, but so would a thicker digest-sized comic, or even a large, elaborate, and relatively expensive photocopied booklet with a [[screen-printing|silkscreened]] cover. Even some professionally printed and bound booklets are referred to as minicomics, as long as they are published by the artist and marketed in minicomic venues, but this usage is controversial.{{cn}}
Many minicomics are non-standard comic book sizes for aesthetic reasons,{{cn}} or are often connected to [[graphic design]] and book print "tricks" to look good.{{cn}} Many of these typical sizes are convenient for artists using standard office supplies: a [[Paper size|US letter page]] can be folded in half to make a digest, or in quarters for a minicomic. These comics are generally photocopied, although some are produced in larger quantities using [[offset printing]].
In North America, the United Kingdom, and Malaysia, minicomics are rarely found in traditional "[[direct market]]" comic-book stores; they are often sold directly by the artist at book fairs or through the mail, ordered from [[website]]s, or handled by small bookstores and distributors that carry [[zine]]s. In terms of production and distribution issues and their audience, minicomics—of all of the sizes and types mentioned above—have much more in common with each other, and with zines, than with any traditionally published comics; this may be the reason why the meaning of the term has shifted.{{cn}} In Europe many specialized comic books stores have a special little corner dedicated to the odd off-size little self-printed books.{{cn}} At comic book conventions, such as the one in [[Angoulême]], there are large markets where the little books are available. Because most of the books are rather cheap and were printed in limited quantities, they have become a target of collecters.{{cn}}
Minicomics typically have no editorial oversight, and both their content and quality vary widely. Many of the creators of minicomics do not expect to make a significant amount of money, or even cover their costs, with the price they charge for their comics. These creators may see minicomics as a way to hone their skills or as a way to get their work seen by a larger audience, or may be drawn to the format for aesthetic reasons. Some observers{{who}} anticipated that the rise of [[webcomic]]s would be the end of mini comics,{ but this does not appear to be the case.{{cn}}
==History==
The earliest and most popular comics in mini- and digest sizes—predating not only the term ''minicomic'', but even the standard comic-book format—were the anonymous and pornographic [[Tijuana bible]]s of the 1920s.
The [[Underground comix|underground]] publisher [[San Francisco Comic Book Company]], run by [[Gary Arlington]], published a number of minicomics in the period 1968–1976, including minicomics by [[Art Spiegelman]] and [[Bill Griffith]].
[[Jack T. Chick]]'s "[[Chick tracts]]", which began appearing widely in the early 1970s, also used a mini-size, although they are not typically considered mincomics.{{cn}}
[[Matt Feazell]]'s popular ''Cynicalman'' mincomics, which began in 1980, utilize the [[Paper size|US letter page]] folded in quarters; the same format used by Alfred Huete's award-winning ''DADA'' mini.{{cn}}
Many minicomics in the 1980s were produced by artists influenced by the [[underground comix]] scene who were unable to get work published in underground and [[Alternative comics|alternative]] publications.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dowers |first1=Michael |title=Newave! The Underground Mini Comix Of The 1980s |year=2010 |publisher=Fantagraphics Books |isbn=978-1-60699-313-2 |pages=9–11 |chapter=Introduction }}</ref> Michael Dowers' [[Starhead Comix]] published many minicomics throughout the latter half of the 1980s, before they moved to traditional comic book printing and distribution.
[[John Porcellino]]'s ''[[King-Cat Comics]]'', first published in May 1989, is among the best-known and longest-running minicomics produced today.
In the 1990s, before the widespread adoption of the [[World Wide Web]], minicomics became a popular form of self-distribution for alternative cartoonists, aided by such publications as ''[[Factsheet Five]]''. Comic book series like [[Jessica Abel]]'s ''Artbabe'', [[Julie Doucet]]'s ''[[Dirty Plotte]]'',<ref name=plottemini>[http://www.comics.org/series.lasso?SeriesID=29488 ''Dirty Plotte'' mini-comics], Grand Comics Database. Accessed Oct. 6, 2016.</ref> and [[Adrian Tomine]]'s ''[[Optic Nerve (comics)|Optic Nerve]]''<ref>''32 Stories: The Complete Optic Nerve Mini-Comics'' (Drawn and Quarterly, 1998) ISBN 1-896597-00-9.</ref> all started out as self-published minicomics before being picked up by legitimate publishers.
In 2003, cartoonists [[Andy Hartzell]] <ref name=Hartzell>{{cite web|title=Prism Comics- Andy Hartzell|url=http://prismcomics.org/profile.php?id=1399|publisher=Prism comics|accessdate=16 March 2013}}</ref> and [[Jesse Reklaw]] co-founded Global Hobo Distro, a distributor dedicated to hand-made and hard-to-find comics partnered with [[Last Gasp]].
==Alternate meaning==
The term '''minicomic''' also refers to the small comics booklets that come in the packages of some toys:
* Masters of the Universe — The first [[Masters of the Universe]] (MOTU) toys did not have a TV series, and thus came with little story booklets (and later, comics) that showed the original background of the series ([[He-Man]] as a barbarian, [[Skeletor]] from another dimension, etc.). However, after the later sources ([[DC Comics]] and the TV series) started to change that background (He-Man as [[Prince Adam]], for example) the comics began to reflect those changes. Also, see [[List of He-Man Minicomics]].
* Super Powers — [[Kenner Products]] created a collection of action figures based on the [[DC Comics]] super-heroes and super-villains, called ''[[Super Powers Collection|Super Powers]]''. The first two waves of the collection came with minicomics which featured the character with which it came, one of the villains from the collection (who, obviously, was the antagonist of the story inside the comic) and other heroes featured in the collection. Also, see [[List of Super Powers Minicomics]].
* Transformers — the toys of [[Transformers Armada]] and [[Transformers Energon]] came with minicomics that featured the characters of the toylines.
* Marvel Megamorphs — this was a toyline created by [[Toy Biz]] in order to compete with [[Hasbro]]'s Transformers. The [[Marvel Megamorphs|Megamorphs]] were transforming robots patterned on [[Marvel Comics]] super heroes. Each figure came with a minicomic featuring the Megamorph with which it came. All six minicomics formed a complete storyline.
* [[Atari Force]] — a five-issue series included with certain [[Atari 2600]] game cartridges.
* Swordquest — three comics included with the [[Atari 2600]] cartridges for the [[Swordquest]] series.
*[[Garaj Komik]]
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2016-10-06T20:00:38Z
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*[http://mariowiki.com/dimentio Dimentio] is a megalomanical clown and the true main antagonist of the platformer RPG [[Super Paper Mario]], who frequently makes sadistic jokes at the heroes and secretly resents [http://www.mariowiki.com/Count_Bleck his master] and fellow henchmen, only feigning loyalty seeking to control the Chaos Heart to end all life and rebuild the world in his own image with himself as king. He is arguably the darkest Mario villain alongside the [http://mariowiki.com/Shadow_Queen Shadow Queen].
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2016-10-05T17:13:37Z
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*Dimentio is a megalomanical clown and the true main antagonist of the platformer RPG [[Super Paper Mario]], who frequently makes sadistic jokes at the heroes and secretly resents his master and fellow henchmen, only feigning loyalty seeking to control the Chaos Heart to end all life and rebuild the world in his own image with himself as king.{{fact}}
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2016-10-05T17:15:16Z
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Nalaka Godahewa’s appointment to SEC as Chairman took place at a time there were a number of controversies surrounding the [[Colombo Stock Exchange]]. During the last 12 months proceeding his appointment on 28 August 2012, two chairpersons of SEC had resigned due to public pressure following continuous decline in the overall market performance.<ref>Reuters News: [http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/08/28/srilanka-sec-idINL4E8JS3U720120828 Sri Lanka appoints tourism head as new SEC chief] h:Retrieved 7 September2012</ref> Once rated the Asia’s second best performing stock market in Asia the CSE had become Asia’s worst performing stock market by mid-2012. The SEC chairmanship became vacant on 17 Aug when Former Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission Tilak Karunaratne resigned, claiming he had come under pressure from market players being investigated for alleged stock market.<ref>Ada Derana : WebSite 17 August 2012: [http://www.adaderana.lk/news.php?nid=19275 Thilak Karunarate Submits Resignation]:Retrieved 8 September 2012</ref> On the other hand active investors pointed out that during Karunratne’s tenure the market performance got from bad to worst due to ad hoc decision making and excessive regulations. Same allegation was there for Karunaratne’s predecessor Indrani Sugathadasa, during whose short tenure the market crash actually started.<ref>The Island: (Print Edition 15 August 2012): [http://www.island.lk/index.php?page_cat=article-details&page=article-details&code_title=59270 shady investors and crony brokers]:Retrieved 8 September2012</ref> Godahewa on the other hand was seen as a more market friendly regulator respected by both public sector and private sector<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tpVyw4fck8 You Tube Video (Godahewa on MTV business chat)]:Retrieved on 13 June 2013</ref> and the market confidence was visible in the immediate turnaround of the market following his appointment.<ref>Daily FT: (Print edition 8 September 2012). [http://www.ft.lk/2012/09/08/bourse-ends-week-on-5-month-high/ Bourse ends week on 5-month high]: Retrieved 8 September2012</ref> The new regulator assured that all investigations would continue without interruption but promised a more strategic approach for regulation and market development.<ref>Sunday Observer: (Print edition 2 September 2012).[http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2012/09/02/fin03.asp SEC chief to proceed with investigations]: Retrieved 8 September 2012</ref> Following the introduction of a 10-point action plan for market development,<ref>Daily FT 23 August 2013):[http://www.ft.lk/2013/08/23/leading-the-positive-change-in-finance/ Leading the positive Change in finance]:Retrieved on 23 August 2013</ref> the market bounced back once again<ref>Daily Mirror (Print Edition 13 June 2013):[http://www.dailymirror.lk/business/features/30812-SEC-Chief-explains-capital-markets-turnaround-strategy.html sec chief explains capital markets turnaround strategy]: Retrieved on 13 June 2013</ref> All Share Price Index (CSEASI) returned to 6500 mark in June 2013, one year after it hit the bottom.<ref>Daily FT (Print edition 27 May 2013): [http://www.ft.lk/2013/05/27/bourse-eyes-asi-surpassing-6500-points-level-as-net-inflows-reach-rs-13-b/ Bourse eyes ASI surpassing 6500 points level with net inflows reaching Rs 13Bn] : Retrieved on 30 May 2013</ref> In October 2013 Godahewa presented to the public the first year achievents at SEC which demonstrated that the implementation of the capital market development plan was on track.<ref>The Island ( Print edition 14 October 2013) :[http://www.island.lk/index.php?page_cat=article-details&page=article-details&code_title=90146 The past, present and future of the securities market of Sri Lanka * Key Note Address by SEC Chairman Dr Nalaka Godahewa at the ‘Issuer Relations Forum’]: Retrieved on 15 November 2013</ref> When capital market vision 2020 was launched in January 2015 with a target of achieving USD 100 B the market performance had reached a peak with ASPI at 7500 plus and performing better than all regional and global indices.<ref>Daily News (print edition; 6 January 2015) : http://www.dailynews.lk/?q=business/foreign-inflows-positive-territory: Retrieved on 10 January 2015</ref> In January 2015, the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) was voted the "Most Sustainable Growth Exchange" in Asia, by the subscribers of the CIF Journal of UK, the World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), Pacific Investment Management Company (PIMCO) and Fidelity Investments.<ref>Dailyness(print edition 2nd jan2015): [http://www.dailynews.lk/?q=business/cse-named-most-sustainable-growth-exchange-asia-2014 CSE named most sustainable growth exchange in asia]: Retrieved on 2 February 2015</ref>
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2016-07-14T02:30:54Z
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Nalaka Godahewa’s appointment to SEC as Chairman took place at a time there were a number of controversies surrounding the [[Colombo Stock Exchange]]. During the last 12 months proceeding his appointment on 28 August 2012, two chairpersons of SEC had resigned due to public pressure following continuous decline in the overall market performance.<ref>Reuters News: [http://in.reuters.com/article/2012/08/28/srilanka-sec-idINL4E8JS3U720120828 Sri Lanka appoints tourism head as new SEC chief] h:Retrieved 7 September 2012</ref> Once rated the Asia’s second best performing stock market in Asia the CSE had become Asia’s worst performing stock market by mid-2012. The SEC chairmanship became vacant on 17 Aug when Former Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission Tilak Karunaratne resigned, claiming he had come under pressure from market players being investigated for alleged stock market.<ref>Ada Derana : WebSite 17 August 2012: [http://www.adaderana.lk/news.php?nid=19275 Thilak Karunarate Submits Resignation]:Retrieved 8 September 2012</ref> On the other hand active investors pointed out that during Karunratne’s tenure the market performance got from bad to worst due to ad hoc decision making and excessive regulations. Same allegation was there for Karunaratne’s predecessor Indrani Sugathadasa, during whose short tenure the market crash actually started.<ref>The Island: (Print Edition 15 August 2012): [http://www.island.lk/index.php?page_cat=article-details&page=article-details&code_title=59270 shady investors and crony brokers]:Retrieved 8 September 2012</ref> Godahewa on the other hand was seen as a more market friendly regulator respected by both public sector and private sector<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tpVyw4fck8 You Tube Video (Godahewa on MTV business chat)]:Retrieved on 13 June 2013</ref> and the market confidence was visible in the immediate turnaround of the market following his appointment.<ref>Daily FT: (Print edition 8 September 2012). [http://www.ft.lk/2012/09/08/bourse-ends-week-on-5-month-high/ Bourse ends week on 5-month high]: Retrieved 8 September 2012</ref> The new regulator assured that all investigations would continue without interruption but promised a more strategic approach for regulation and market development.<ref>Sunday Observer: (Print edition 2 September 2012).[http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2012/09/02/fin03.asp SEC chief to proceed with investigations]: Retrieved 8 September 2012</ref> Following the introduction of a 10-point action plan for market development,<ref>Daily FT 23 August 2013):[http://www.ft.lk/2013/08/23/leading-the-positive-change-in-finance/ Leading the positive Change in finance]:Retrieved on 23 August 2013</ref> the market bounced back once again<ref>Daily Mirror (Print Edition 13 June 2013):[http://www.dailymirror.lk/business/features/30812-SEC-Chief-explains-capital-markets-turnaround-strategy.html sec chief explains capital markets turnaround strategy]: Retrieved on 13 June 2013</ref> All Share Price Index (CSEASI) returned to 6500 mark in June 2013, one year after it hit the bottom.<ref>Daily FT (Print edition 27 May 2013): [http://www.ft.lk/2013/05/27/bourse-eyes-asi-surpassing-6500-points-level-as-net-inflows-reach-rs-13-b/ Bourse eyes ASI surpassing 6500 points level with net inflows reaching Rs 13Bn] : Retrieved on 30 May 2013</ref> In October 2013 Godahewa presented to the public the first year achievents at SEC which demonstrated that the implementation of the capital market development plan was on track.<ref>The Island ( Print edition 14 October 2013) :[http://www.island.lk/index.php?page_cat=article-details&page=article-details&code_title=90146 The past, present and future of the securities market of Sri Lanka * Key Note Address by SEC Chairman Dr Nalaka Godahewa at the ‘Issuer Relations Forum’]: Retrieved on 15 November 2013</ref> When capital market vision 2020 was launched in January 2015 with a target of achieving USD 100 B the market performance had reached a peak with ASPI at 7500 plus and performing better than all regional and global indices.<ref>Daily News (print edition; 6 January 2015) : http://www.dailynews.lk/?q=business/foreign-inflows-positive-territory: Retrieved on 10 January 2015</ref> In January 2015, the Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) was voted the "Most Sustainable Growth Exchange" in Asia, by the subscribers of the CIF Journal of UK, the World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), Pacific Investment Management Company (PIMCO) and Fidelity Investments.<ref>Dailyness(print edition 2nd jan2015): [http://www.dailynews.lk/?q=business/cse-named-most-sustainable-growth-exchange-asia-2014 CSE named most sustainable growth exchange in asia]: Retrieved on 2 February 2015</ref>
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2016-10-04T12:15:23Z
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| image =[[File:ATAT1.png|Proteina ATAT1]]}}
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2016-10-21T19:32:49Z
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| image =[[File:ATAT1.png|Proteina ATAT1]]|name=}}
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2016-10-21T19:37:53Z
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===Singing Career===
===Male Celebrity with the Highest Commercial Value===
Huang is the spokesman of a number of world-class brands. He is the current global image spokesman of the international brand [[Tissot]], taking part in advertising campaigns for the brand around the world. In addition, he was the spokesman of [[Gucci]] Olympic Red Series (Limited Version) in APAC, the first spokesman of [[Mercedes-Benz]] as well as the spokesman of [[Pepsi|Pepsi-Cola]], [[Rémy Martin|Remy Martin]], [[J. A. Henckels|ZWILLING]] and other huge brands in China.
Huang has worldwide influence and is almost known by majority of the Chinese around the world. Invited by British Tourist Authority, Huang has traveled for work to London in 2011, and became the first Chinese celebrity to hold an autograph session in Harrods, the departmental store in Britain with the longest history. In addition, he has appeared in all the prominent men's magazines in China as well as Southeast Asia and Hong Kong. In October 2011, Huang was awarded the Actor with Highest Commercial Spokesman Value.
=== Top Chinese Celebrity Philanthropist ===
=== A Successful Entrepreneur ===
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2016-10-07T14:47:55Z
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===Singing career===
===Advertising===
Huang is the spokesman of a number of world-class brands. He is the current global image spokesman of the international brand [[Tissot]], taking part in advertising campaigns for the brand around the world. In addition, he was the spokesman of [[Gucci]] Olympic Red Series (Limited Version) in APAC, the first spokesman of [[Mercedes-Benz]] as well as the spokesman of [[Pepsi|Pepsi-Cola]], [[Rémy Martin|Remy Martin]], [[J. A. Henckels|ZWILLING]] and other huge brands in China.
Huang has worldwide influence and is almost known by majority of the Chinese around the world. Invited by British Tourist Authority, Huang has traveled for work to London in 2011, and became the first Chinese celebrity to hold an autograph session in Harrods, the departmental store in Britain with the longest history. In addition, he has appeared in all the prominent men's magazines in China as well as Southeast Asia and Hong Kong. In October 2011, Huang was awarded the Actor with Highest Commercial Spokesman Value.
===Philanthropy===
===Investments===
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2016-10-07T17:08:25Z
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The [[Royal Conservatory of Brussels]] conserves several autograph documents from Constance Mozart, including letters to her son Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart, as well as a small illustrated ''Album de Souvenirs'', dated 1789 but covering the 1801-1823 period in which she collects memories, impressions and poems (ref. [[Jean-Lucien Hollenfeltz Fund|Jean-Lucien Hollenfeltz fund]], B-Bc-FH-163).
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2016-10-17T17:25:10Z
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The [[Royal Conservatory of Brussels]] conserves several autograph documents from Constance Mozart, including letters to her son Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart, as well as a small illustrated ''Album de Souvenirs'', dated 1789 but covering the 1801–1823 period in which she collects memories, impressions and poems (ref. [[Jean-Lucien Hollenfeltz Fund|Jean-Lucien Hollenfeltz fund]], B-Bc-FH-163).
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2016-10-24T18:52:01Z
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* Clean and dry operating field (saliva, blood). For dentistry procedures involving bonding with adhesives or cements it is to be encouraged as the operative field must avoid contamination in order to achieve maximum bond strength between restorative material, [[Tooth enamel|enamel]] and [[dentin]]. Poor bonding may compromise the success or longevity of the restorations. There is some evidence to suggest that the use of a rubber dam may increase the survival time of dental restorations compared to the use of cotton rolls as an isolation method.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD009858.pub2/abstract|title=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|last=Wang|first=Yan|last2=Li|first2=Chunjie|last3=Yuan|first3=He|last4=Wong|first4=May CM|last5=Zou|first5=Jing|last6=Shi|first6=Zongdao|last7=Zhou|first7=Xuedong|date=2016-09-20|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd|isbn=14651858|language=en|doi=10.1002/14651858.cd009858.pub2/full#cd009858-bbs2-0030}}</ref>
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2016-10-23T07:34:34Z
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* Clean and dry operating field (saliva, blood). For dentistry procedures involving bonding with adhesives or cements it is to be encouraged as the operative field must avoid contamination in order to achieve maximum bond strength between restorative material, [[Tooth enamel|enamel]] and [[dentin]]. Poor bonding may compromise the success or longevity of the restorations. There is some evidence to suggest that the use of a rubber dam may increase the survival time of dental restorations compared to the use of cotton rolls as an isolation method.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD009858.pub2/abstract|title=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|last=Wang|first=Yan|last2=Li|first2=Chunjie|last3=Yuan|first3=He|last4=Wong|first4=May CM|last5=Zou|first5=Jing|last6=Shi|first6=Zongdao|last7=Zhou|first7=Xuedong|date=2016-09-20|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd|issn=1465-1858|language=en|doi=10.1002/14651858.cd009858.pub2}}</ref>
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2016-10-23T15:46:22Z
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'''[[Medium (art)|Medium]]''', a material used by an artist or designer to create a work of art, may also refer to:
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2016-10-20T02:12:57Z
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A '''[[Medium (art)|medium]]''', a material used by an artist or designer to create a work of art, may also refer to:
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2016-10-20T02:13:38Z
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|<ref name="berlin.iaaf.org">{{cite web|title=3000 Metres Steeplechase Results|url=http://berlin.iaaf.org/documents/pdf/3658/AT-3KSC-W-f--1--.RS1.pdf|publisher=[[IAAF]]|date=17 August 2009|accessdate=20 September 2009}}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite web|title=3000m Steeplechase Result|url=http://results.seagames2015.com/resSE2015/pdf/SE2015/AT/SE2015_AT_C73G_ATW033101.pdf|publisher=seagames2015.com|date=12 June 2015|accessdate=12 June 2015}}</ref>
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2016-09-09T09:45:48Z
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|<ref name="berlin.iaaf.org">{{cite web|title=3000 Metres Steeplechase Results |url=http://berlin.iaaf.org/documents/pdf/3658/AT-3KSC-W-f--1--.RS1.pdf |publisher=[[IAAF]] |date=17 August 2009 |accessdate=20 September 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325205901/http://berlin.iaaf.org/documents/pdf/3658/AT-3KSC-W-f--1--.RS1.pdf |archivedate=25 March 2012 |df= }}</ref>
|<ref>{{cite web|title=3000m Steeplechase Result |url=http://results.seagames2015.com/resSE2015/pdf/SE2015/AT/SE2015_AT_C73G_ATW033101.pdf |publisher=seagames2015.com |date=12 June 2015 |accessdate=12 June 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614204331/http://results.seagames2015.com/resSE2015/pdf/SE2015/AT/SE2015_AT_C73G_ATW033101.pdf |archivedate=14 June 2015 |df= }}</ref>
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2016-09-29T18:48:14Z
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===[[5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group|5 Groupe-brigade mécanisé du Canada]]===
*** supported by [[430 Tactical Helicopter Squadron|430<sup>e</sup> Escadron tactique d'hélicoptères]] part of [[10 Tactical Air Group]] of [[Royal Canadian Air Force|Air Command]]
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2016-10-18T13:14:31Z
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====[[5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group|5 Groupe-brigade mécanisé du Canada]]====
*** supported by [[430 Tactical Helicopter Squadron|430<sup>e</sup> Escadron tactique d'hélicoptères]] part of [[10 Tactical Air Group]] of [[Canadian Forces Air Command]]
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2016-10-18T13:15:55Z
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[[Numerian]] was not in Rome at the time of the martyrdom of Chrysanthus and Daria.<ref name="newadvent"/><ref name="Moss">{{Cite book
| last = Moss
| first = Candida
| title = [[The Myth of Persecution]]
| page = 86
| publisher = HarperCollins
| year = 2013
| isbn =978-0-06-210452-6 }}</ref><!--The whole chastity defended by a lioness may be ahistorical as well.--> The Romans would not have sent a Vestal virgin, who was supposed to be the keeper of Rome's fortunes and for whom it was imperative to remain a virgin, into a whorehouse. Scholar of early Christianity [[Candida Moss]] states "this simply could not have happened...whoever composed this story lived during a period when people no longer understood how important vestals were."<ref name="Moss"/>
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2016-06-18T05:45:10Z
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[[Numerian]] was not in Rome at the time of the martyrdom of Chrysanthus and Daria.<ref name="newadvent"/><ref name="Moss">{{Cite book. The typical punishment for a vestal virgin who'd broken her vow of celibacy was death by starvation. The punishment for conversion to Christianity, though, would have been a life of prostitution—the worst possible fate for a priestess of Vesta, Sage College's Takács explained. <ref>http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/04/110415-saints-murdered-chrysanthus-daria-science-rome-roman-christians/</ref>
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2016-10-11T22:03:37Z
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{{seealso|steam engine}}
Practical thermal efficiency of a steam turbine varies with turbine size, load condition,gap losses and friction losses. They reach top values up to about 50% in a 1200MW turbine smaller ones have a lower efficiency.<ref>[,]</ref>{{Reference needed |date=September 2016}}
In the [[Royal Navy]], speed was a priority until the [[Battle of Jutland]] in mid-1916 showed that in the [[battlecruiser]]s too much armour had been sacrificed in its pursuit. The British used exclusively turbine-powered warships from 1906. Because they recognized that a significant cruising range would be desirable given their world-wide empire, some warships, notably the {{sclass-|Queen Elizabeth|battleship|1}}s, were fitted with cruising turbines from 1912 onwards following earlier experimental installations.
Since the 1980s, steam turbines have been replaced by [[gas turbine]]s on fast ships and by [[diesel engine]]s on other ships; exceptions are [[nuclear marine propulsion|nuclear-powered ships and submarines]] and [[LNG carrier]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ship-technology.com/news/newsmitsubishi-heavy-starts-construction-of-first-sayaendo-series-lng-carrier/ |title=Mitsubishi Heavy starts construction of first Sayaendo series LNG carrier |date=December 2012}}</ref> Some [[auxiliary ship]]s continue to use steam propulsion. In the U.S. Navy, the conventionally powered steam turbine is still in use on all but one of the [[Wasp-class amphibious assault ship|Wasp-class]] amphibious assault ships. The U.S. Navy also operates steam turbines on their nuclear powered [[Nimitz-class aircraft carrier|Nimitz-class]] and [[Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier|Ford-class]] aircraft carriers along with all of their nuclear submarines ([[Ohio-class submarine|Ohio-]], [[Los Angeles-class submarine|Los Angeles-]], [[Seawolf-class submarine|Seawolf-]], and [[Virginia-class submarine|Virginia-classes]]). The [[Royal Navy]] decommissioned its last conventional steam-powered surface warship class, the {{sclass-|Fearless|landing platform dock}}, in 2002. In 2013, the [[French Navy]] ended its steam era with the decommissioning of its last {{sclass-|Tourville|frigate}}. Amongst the other [[blue-water navies]], the Russian Navy currently operates steam-powered {{sclass-|Kuznetsov|aircraft carrier}}s and {{sclass-|Sovremenny|destroyer}}s. The [[Indian Navy]] currently operates two conventional steam-powered carriers, INS ''Viraat'', a former British {{sclass-|Centaur|aircraft carrier}} (to be decommissioned in 2016), and INS ''Vikramaditya'', a modified {{sclass-|Kiev|aircraft carrier}}; it also operates three {{sclass-|Brahmaputra|frigate}}s commissioned in the early 2000s and two {{sclass-|Godavari|frigate}}s currently scheduled for decommissioning.
{{Main|Steam turbine locomotive}}
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2016-09-28T15:14:42Z
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{{see also|steam engine}}
Practical thermal efficiency of a steam turbine varies with turbine size, load condition,gap losses and friction losses. They reach top values up to about 50% in a 1200MW turbine smaller ones have a lower efficiency.<ref>[,]</ref>{{Citation needed |date=September 2016}}
In the [[Royal Navy]], speed was a priority until the [[Battle of Jutland]] in mid-1916 showed that in the [[battlecruiser]]s too much armour had been sacrificed in its pursuit. The British used exclusively turbine-powered warships from 1906. Because they recognized that a significant cruising range would be desirable given their worldwide empire, some warships, notably the {{sclass-|Queen Elizabeth|battleship|1}}s, were fitted with cruising turbines from 1912 onwards following earlier experimental installations.
Since the 1980s, steam turbines have been replaced by [[gas turbine]]s on fast ships and by [[diesel engine]]s on other ships; exceptions are [[nuclear marine propulsion|nuclear-powered ships and submarines]] and [[LNG carrier]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ship-technology.com/news/newsmitsubishi-heavy-starts-construction-of-first-sayaendo-series-lng-carrier/ |title=Mitsubishi Heavy starts construction of first Sayaendo series LNG carrier |date=December 2012}}</ref> Some [[auxiliary ship]]s continue to use steam propulsion. In the U.S. Navy, the conventionally powered steam turbine is still in use on all but one of the [[Wasp-class amphibious assault ship|Wasp-class]] amphibious assault ships. The U.S. Navy also operates steam turbines on their nuclear powered [[Nimitz-class aircraft carrier|Nimitz-class]] and [[Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier|Ford-class]] aircraft carriers along with all of their nuclear submarines ([[Ohio-class submarine|Ohio-]], [[Los Angeles-class submarine|Los Angeles-]], [[Seawolf-class submarine|Seawolf-]], and [[Virginia-class submarine|Virginia-classes]]). The [[Royal Navy]] decommissioned its last conventional steam-powered surface warship class, the {{sclass-|Fearless|landing platform dock}}, in 2002. In 2013, the [[French Navy]] ended its steam era with the decommissioning of its last {{sclass-|Tourville|frigate}}. Amongst the other [[blue-water navies]], the Russian Navy currently operates steam-powered {{sclass-|Kuznetsov|aircraft carrier}}s and {{sclass-|Sovremenny|destroyer}}s. The [[Indian Navy]] currently operates two conventional steam-powered carriers, INS ''Viraat'', a former British {{sclass-|Centaur|aircraft carrier}} (to be decommissioned in 2016), and INS ''Vikramaditya'', a modified {{sclass-|Kiev|aircraft carrier}}; it also operates three {{sclass-|Brahmaputra|frigate}}s commissioned in the early 2000s and two {{sclass-|Godavari|frigate}}s currently scheduled for decommissioning.
{{Main article|Steam turbine locomotive}}
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2016-10-01T16:31:34Z
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Beauregard, unaware that he was now outnumbered, planned to continue the attack and drive Grant into the river. To his surprise, Union forces started moving forward in a massive counterattack at dawn. Grant and Buell launched their attacks separately; coordination occurred only at the division level. Lew Wallace's division was the first to see action, about 5:30 a.m., at the extreme right of the Union line.<ref>Stephens, pp. 93 and 95, and Allen, "Shiloh!: The Second Day's Battle and Aftermath", p. 16.</ref> Wallace continued the advance, crossing Tilghman Branch around 7 a.m. and met little resistance. Changing direction and moving to the southwest, Wallace's men drove back the brigade of Col. Preston Pond. On Wallace's left were the survivors of Sherman's division, then McClernand's, and W. H. L. Wallace's (now under the command of Col. [[James M. Tuttle]]). Buell's army continued to the left with Bull Nelson's, Crittenden's, and McCook's divisions. The Confederate defenders were so badly commingled that little unit cohesion existed above the brigade level. It required more than two hours to locate Gen. Polk and bring up his division from its bivouac to the southwest. By 10 a.m., Beauregard had stabilized his front with his corps commanders from left to right: Bragg, Polk, Breckinridge, and Hardee.<ref>Daniel, pp. 265, 278.</ref> In a thicket near the Hamburg-Purdy Road, the fighting was so intense that Sherman described in his report of the battle "the severest musketry fire I ever heard."<ref>Woodworth, ''Nothing But Victory'', p. 196. In Woodworth's ''Sherman: Lessons in Leadership'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2009, ISBN 978-0-230-61024-8, p. 57, he wrote (without a citation) that Sherman recalled in later years that the gunfire there was the heaviest he heard during the war.</ref>
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2016-09-30T15:59:08Z
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Beauregard, unaware that he was now outnumbered, planned to continue the attack and drive Grant into the river. To his surprise, Union forces started moving forward in a massive counterattack at dawn. Grant and Buell launched their attacks separately; coordination occurred only at the division level. Lew Wallace's division was the first to see action, about 5:30 a.m., at the extreme right of the Union line.<ref>Stephens, pp. 93 and 95, and Allen, "Shiloh!: The Second Day's Battle and Aftermath", p. 16.</ref> Wallace continued the advance, crossing Tilghman Branch around 7 a.m. and met little resistance. Changing direction and moving to the southwest, Wallace's men drove back the brigade of Col. [[Preston Pond, Jr.|Preston Pond]]. On Wallace's left were the survivors of Sherman's division, then McClernand's, and W. H. L. Wallace's (now under the command of Col. [[James M. Tuttle]]). Buell's army continued to the left with Bull Nelson's, Crittenden's, and McCook's divisions. The Confederate defenders were so badly commingled that little unit cohesion existed above the brigade level. It required more than two hours to locate Gen. Polk and bring up his division from its bivouac to the southwest. By 10 a.m., Beauregard had stabilized his front with his corps commanders from left to right: Bragg, Polk, Breckinridge, and Hardee.<ref>Daniel, pp. 265, 278.</ref> In a thicket near the Hamburg-Purdy Road, the fighting was so intense that Sherman described in his report of the battle "the severest musketry fire I ever heard."<ref>Woodworth, ''Nothing But Victory'', p. 196. In Woodworth's ''Sherman: Lessons in Leadership'', Palgrave Macmillan, 2009, ISBN 978-0-230-61024-8, p. 57, he wrote (without a citation) that Sherman recalled in later years that the gunfire there was the heaviest he heard during the war.</ref>
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2016-10-08T22:51:54Z
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"Platinum" Mike Perry (born September 15, 1991) is an American professional mixed martial artist who is currently signed to the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).
In 2014, Platinum started his mixed martial arts (MMA) career and, in 2016, he signed with the UFC under short notice winning his debut via KO. Mike Perry is known too communicate with god and is self proclaimed 'Gods Gift'.
Gods Gift is currently 9-0 and all wins coming via TKO or KO. Mike Perry was a Florida amateur state Muay Thai champion, as well as the Breakthrough MMA Florida welterweight champion. Platinum is know as the Just Bleed God himself.
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2016-10-14T23:17:11Z
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'''Mike Perry''' (born September 15, 1991) is an American professional mixed martial artist who is currently signed to the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).
In 2014, Platinum started his mixed martial arts (MMA) career and, in 2016, he signed with the UFC under short notice winning his debut via KO.
Perry is currently 9-0 and all wins coming via TKO or KO. Mike Perry was a Florida amateur state Muay Thai champion, as well as the Breakthrough MMA Florida welterweight champion.
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2016-10-14T23:25:44Z
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'''Albert J. Trace''' (December 25, 1900 – August 31, 1993) was a prolific [[United States|American]] songwriter and orchestra leader of the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s whose peak of popularity was reached in the [[Chicago]] area during the height of the [[Big Band]] era.
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2016-10-09T11:48:23Z
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'''Albert J. Trace''' (December 25, 1900 – August 31, 1993) was an [[United States|American]] songwriter and orchestra leader of the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s whose peak of popularity was reached in the [[Chicago]] area during the height of the [[Big Band]] era.
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2016-10-19T18:44:51Z
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{{updated|8 October 2016}}
!scope="row"|Danijel Nizic
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2016-10-10T07:21:27Z
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{{updated|10 October 2016}}
!scope="row"|[[Danijel Nizic]]
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2016-10-10T07:22:24Z
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The A1 Trust is now looking into the possibility of producing a [[LNER Class P2|Gresley P2]] to be numbered 2007 (the next in sequence). The P2s share around 70% of components used on Tornado. It will be made after the A1 Trust has enough money for Tornado future overhaul and debts repaid. If the P2 cannot be done the Trust will look at another locomotive.
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2016-09-30T22:16:04Z
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The A1 Trust is now looking into the possibility of producing a [[LNER Class P2|Gresley P2]] to be numbered 2007 (the next in sequence). The P2s share around 70% of components used on Tornado. It will be made after the A1 Trust has enough money for Tornado future overhaul and debts repaid. Once work on the P2 is complete, the trust will start construction on a new new [[LNER Class V4|V4]] followed by a new [[LNER Class V1/V3|V3]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.a1steam.com/2016/10/?cat=7|title=News Archives - The A1 Steam Locomotive Trust|website=The A1 Steam Locomotive Trust|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-15}}</ref>
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2016-10-15T16:44:40Z
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{{Infobox Individual Snooker Tournament
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
{{col-2}}
{{col-end}}
{{col-begin}}
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*{{External link|url=https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.10151966638937062.1073741876.10215162061&type=3|name=2014 Dafabet World Championship – Pictures by Tai Chengzhe|site=[[Facebook]]}}
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2016-10-03T11:39:49Z
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{{Infobox individual snooker tournament
{{colbegin}}
{{colend}}
{{colbegin}}
{{colend}}
*[https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.10151966638937062.1073741876.10215162061&type=3 2014 Dafabet World Championship – Pictures by Tai Chengzhe] at [[Facebook]]
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2016-10-23T15:32:43Z
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'''J. Don Ferguson''' (1933 – October 1, 2008), sometimes credited as "Don Ferguson", was a prolific American character actor who appeared in feature films and television programs. He was a prominent [[stage actor]] in [[Savannah, Georgia]], regional stage theater productions. Ferguson also was an NCAA Basketball Tournament referee for ten years, and this experience led to his being cast in several related acting roles.<ref name="SavannahNow"/>
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2016-03-15T06:12:19Z
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'''J. Don Ferguson''' (1933 – October 1, 2008), sometimes credited as "Don Ferguson", was an American character actor who appeared in feature films and television programs. He was a prominent [[stage actor]] in [[Savannah, Georgia]], regional stage theater productions. Ferguson also was an NCAA Basketball Tournament referee for ten years, and this experience led to his being cast in several related acting roles.<ref name="SavannahNow"/>
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2016-10-19T18:47:29Z
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* {{External link|url=https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.10151326788322062.1073741826.10215162061&type=3|name=2013 Betfair World Championship picture gallery|site=Facebook}}
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2016-09-25T09:39:57Z
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* [https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.10151326788322062.1073741826.10215162061&type=3 2013 Betfair World Championship picture gallery] at Facebook
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2016-10-21T16:34:29Z
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It starts with Aaron riding a scooter with a dog playing Frisbee, followed by various scenes of Aaron playing basketball. It then shifts to him telling the story on how he met Shaquille O'Neal with the latter challenging Aaron to a one-on-one basketball game. In the second verse, Aaron planned to distract Shaq in order to score points. At the end, Aaron emerged victorious and defeated Shaquille O'Neal but it turns out that everything was a dream when the former heard his mother's voice. But Aaron was shocked when he sees the jersey of Shaquille O'Neal. Throughout the video, Aaron is seen rapping in the basketball court and in the hoop.
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2016-10-21T09:57:49Z
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The video begins with Aaron riding a scooter with a dog playing Frisbee, followed by various scenes of Aaron playing basketball. It then shifts to him telling the story of how he met Shaquille O'Neal, who challenges him to a one-on-one basketball game. In the second verse, Aaron plans to distract Shaq in order to score points. Aaron finally emerges victorious, but it turns out that everything was a dream when Aaron hears his mother's voice. He is shocked, however, when he sees the jersey of Shaquille O'Neal. Throughout the video, Aaron is seen rapping in the basketball court and in the hoop.
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2016-10-22T02:18:50Z
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'''''Merremia tuberosa''''', also known as Hawaiian wood rose, Spanish arborvine, Spanish woodbine, regretvine, or yellow morning-glory,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?311689|title=USDA GRIN Taxonomy}}</ref> is a vine native to [[Mexico]]. It is an [[invasive species]] in a number of islands in the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] and [[Indian Ocean]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hear.org/pier/species/merremia_tuberosa.htm|title=''Merremia tuberosa'' (PIER species information)|date=23 August 2011|publisher=Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)|accessdate=20 August 2012}}</ref> Unlike the well known "Hawaiin Baby Woodrose" Merremia tuberosa is not psychoactive, or has very little alkaloid content
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2016-07-21T00:08:57Z
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'''''Merremia tuberosa''''', also known as Hawaiian wood rose, Spanish arborvine, Spanish woodbine, regretvine, or yellow morning-glory,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?311689|title=USDA GRIN Taxonomy}}</ref> is a vine native to [[Mexico]]. It is an [[invasive species]] in a number of islands in the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] and [[Indian Ocean]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hear.org/pier/species/merremia_tuberosa.htm|title=''Merremia tuberosa'' (PIER species information)|date=23 August 2011|publisher=Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER)|accessdate=20 August 2012}}</ref> Unlike the well known "[[Argyreia nervosa|Hawaiian Baby Woodrose]]" Merremia tuberosa is not psychoactive, or has very little alkaloid content
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2016-10-22T16:10:23Z
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'''Bellroy''' is a startup company in [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]], manufacturing thin [[wallet|wallets]].<ref name="stuff">{{cite news|last1=Loadman|first1=Jeremy|title=Blundstone brand walks line between worker and hipster|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/better-business/67414330/Blundstone-brand-walks-line-between-worker-and-hipster|accessdate=4 April 2016|publisher=stuff.co.nz|date=March 16, 2015}}</ref>
==Founding==
Bellroy was founded in 2010 by designers Hadrien Monloup<ref name="core77">{{cite news|last1=Currey|first1=Mason|title=Hadrien Monloup on Making Super-Slim Wallets and Why Designers Should Aim for Improvement Rather Than Perfection|url=http://www.core77.com/posts/35730/Hadrien-Monloup-on-Making-Super-Slim-Wallets-and-Why-Designers-Should-Aim-for-Improvement-Rather-Than-Perfection|accessdate=4 April 2016|publisher=[[Core77]]|date=April 7, 2015}}</ref> and Andrew Fallshaw, after receiving funding from Fallshaw's startup investment group Investling.<ref name="finreview2">{{cite news|last1=Gardner|first1=Jessica|title=Accepting failure on path to success|url=http://www.afr.com/business/small-business/accepting-failure-on-path-to-success-20120604-j2o6l|accessdate=4 April 2016|publisher=Financial Review|date=June 5, 2012}}</ref> The name "Bellroy" derives from the towns of [[Bells Beach]] and [[Fitzroy, Victoria|Fitzroy]], where the company was started.<ref name="storeguys">{{cite news|last1=Kilmartin|first1=Scott|title=An Evening With Bellroy Co- founder Andy Fallshaw|url=http://onlinestoreguys.com.au/conversations-of-commerce-brand/andy-fallshaw-bellroy/|accessdate=4 April 2016|publisher=Online Store Guys|date=September 17, 2014}}</ref> As of August 2106, Bellroy had about 70 plus employees.<ref name="finreview" />
==Products==
According to co-founder Fallshaw, Bellroy's wallets "eliminate the woven plastic and cardboard reinforcements that bulk up most traditional designs". The wallets have been positively reviewed by [[Men's Journal]].<ref name="mensjournal">{{cite news|last1=Rowan|first1=Ian|title=The Efficient Traveler's Wallet|url=http://www.mensjournal.com/style/collection/the-efficient-travelers-wallet-20131202|accessdate=4 April 2016|publisher=[[Men's Journal]]}}</ref> Bellroy has expanded to eleven styles of wallets,<ref name="forbes">{{cite news|last1=Lim|first1=Jason|title=Bellroy Wallets Slim You Down and Dress You Up|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/jlim/2015/03/04/bellroy-wallets-slim-you-down-and-dress-you-up/#7688f4521e0a|accessdate=4 April 2016|publisher=[[Forbes Magazine]]|date=March 4, 2015}}</ref> and now sells them at retailers in 120 countries worldwide.<ref name="finreview" />
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2016-09-28T02:58:12Z
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'''Bellroy''' is a startup company in [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]], manufacturing thin [[wallet|wallets]].<ref name="stuff">{{cite news|last1=Loadman|first1=Jeremy|title=Blundstone brand walks line between worker and hipster|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/better-business/67414330/Blundstone-brand-walks-line-between-worker-and-hipster|accessdate=4 April 2016|publisher=stuff.co.nz|date=March 16, 2015}}</ref> It was founded in 2010 by designers Hadrien Monloup<ref name="core77">{{cite news|last1=Currey|first1=Mason|title=Hadrien Monloup on Making Super-Slim Wallets and Why Designers Should Aim for Improvement Rather Than Perfection|url=http://www.core77.com/posts/35730/Hadrien-Monloup-on-Making-Super-Slim-Wallets-and-Why-Designers-Should-Aim-for-Improvement-Rather-Than-Perfection|accessdate=4 April 2016|publisher=[[Core77]]|date=April 7, 2015}}</ref> and Andrew Fallshaw, after receiving funding from Fallshaw's startup investment group Investling.<ref name="finreview2">{{cite news|last1=Gardner|first1=Jessica|title=Accepting failure on path to success|url=http://www.afr.com/business/small-business/accepting-failure-on-path-to-success-20120604-j2o6l|accessdate=4 April 2016|publisher=Financial Review|date=June 5, 2012}}</ref> The name "Bellroy" derives from the towns of [[Bells Beach]] and [[Fitzroy, Victoria|Fitzroy]], where the company was started.<ref name="storeguys">{{cite news|last1=Kilmartin|first1=Scott|title=An Evening With Bellroy Co- founder Andy Fallshaw|url=http://onlinestoreguys.com.au/conversations-of-commerce-brand/andy-fallshaw-bellroy/|accessdate=4 April 2016|publisher=Online Store Guys|date=September 17, 2014}}</ref> As of August 2106, Bellroy had about 70 plus employees.<ref name="finreview" /> As of 2016 it sold eleven styles of wallets,<ref name="forbes">{{cite news|last1=Lim|first1=Jason|title=Bellroy Wallets Slim You Down and Dress You Up|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/jlim/2015/03/04/bellroy-wallets-slim-you-down-and-dress-you-up/#7688f4521e0a|accessdate=4 April 2016|publisher=[[Forbes Magazine]]|date=March 4, 2015}}</ref> and sold them at retailers in 120 countries.<ref name="finreview" />
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2016-09-28T03:00:22Z
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She is famous for her participation in many telenovelas, like [[María la del barrio]] as Penelope Linares (1995), [[Esmeralda (telenovela)]] as Georgina Pérez-Montalvo (1997), [[Cuidado con el ángel]] as Estefanía Rojas/Velarde (2008), as Raiza Canseco in [[Televisa]]'s remake of [[Marimar (Mexican telenovela)]] [[Corazón indomable]] (2013). Is the protagonist in the telenovela [[Mujer de Madera]] as Marisa Santibáñez, where replacement Edith Gonzalez (2004). Is the Main Antagonist in [[Un camino hacia el destino]] (2016).
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2016-09-26T08:59:54Z
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She is famous for her participation in many telenovelas, l [[María la del barrio]] as Penelope Linares (1995)., [[Esmeralda (telenovela)]] as Georgina Pérez-Montalvo (1997), [[Cuidado con el ángel]] as Estefanía Rojas/Velarde (2008), as Raiza Canseco in [[Televisa]]'s remake of [[Marimar (Mexican telenovela)]] [[Corazón indomable]] (2013). Is the protagonist in the telenovela [[Mujer de Madera]] as Marisa Santibáñez, where replacement Edith Gonzalez (2004). Is the Main Antagonist in [[Un camino hacia el destino]] (2016).
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2016-10-06T20:07:18Z
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This protein belongs to the HNF1 [[homeobox]] family.<ref name=":2" /> It contains 3 functional domains: an [[N-terminus|N-terminal]] [[dimerization]] domain ([[Amino acid|residues]] 1–32), a bipartite DNA-binding motif containing an atypical POU-[[homeodomain]] (residues 98–280), and a [[C-terminus|C-terminal]] transactivation domain (residues 281–631).<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Chi|first=Young-In|last2=Frantz|first2=J. Daniel|last3=Oh|first3=Byung-Chul|last4=Hansen|first4=Lone|last5=Dhe-Paganon|first5=Sirano|last6=Shoelson|first6=Steven E.|date=2002-11-01|title=Diabetes mutations delineate an atypical POU domain in HNF-1alpha|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12453420|journal=Molecular Cell|volume=10|issue=5|pages=1129–1137|issn=1097-2765|pmid=12453420}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last=Narayana|first=Narendra|last2=Phillips|first2=Nelson B.|last3=Hua|first3=Qing-xin|last4=Jia|first4=Wenhua|last5=Weiss|first5=Michael A.|date=2006-09-22|title=Diabetes mellitus due to misfolding of a beta-cell transcription factor: stereospecific frustration of a Schellman motif in HNF-1alpha|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16930618|journal=Journal of Molecular Biology|volume=362|issue=3|pages=414–429|doi=10.1016/j.jmb.2006.06.086|issn=0022-2836|pmid=16930618}}</ref> There is also a flexible linker (residues 33–97) which connects the dimerization and DNA binding domains.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Narayana|first=Narendra|last2=Phillips|first2=Nelson B.|last3=Hua|first3=Qing-xin|last4=Jia|first4=Wenhua|last5=Weiss|first5=Michael A.|date=2006-09-22|title=Diabetes mellitus due to misfolding of a beta-cell transcription factor: stereospecific frustration of a Schellman motif in HNF-1alpha|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16930618|journal=Journal of Molecular Biology|volume=362|issue=3|pages=414–429|doi=10.1016/j.jmb.2006.06.086|issn=0022-2836|pmid=16930618}}</ref> Crystal structures have been solved for the dimerization domain, which forms a four-helix bundle where two [[α helices]] are separated by a turn; the DNA-binding motif, which forms a [[helix-turn-helix]] structure; and the POU-homeodomain, which is composed of three α helices, contained in the motif. This homeodomain is considered atypical due to an extended loop inserted between the second and third helices relative to the canonical homeodomain fold. The atypical insertion is thought to stabilize the interface to improve [[Transcription (genetics)|transcriptional]] efficiency.<ref name=":3" /> Meanwhile, the dimerization domain is responsible for the homo- and heterodimerization of HNF-1α. The resulting dimer contains a rigid “mini-zipper”, comprising α-helices 1 and 1′, linked by a non-canonical tight turn to a flexible C-terminal comprising α-helices 2 and 2′.<ref name=":4" />
HNF-1α is a [[transcription factor]] expressed in organs of [[endoderm]] origin, including [[liver]], [[Kidney|kidneys]], [[pancreas]], [[intestines]], [[stomach]], [[spleen]], [[thymus]], [[Testicle|testis]], and [[Keratinocyte|keratinocytes]] and [[Melanocyte|melanocytes]] in [[human skin]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Real Hernandez LM, Fan J, Johnson MH, Gonzalez de Mejia E | title = Berry Phenolic Compounds Increase Expression of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1α (HNF-1α) in Caco-2 and Normal Colon Cells Due to High Affinities with Transcription and Dimerization Domains of HNF-1α | journal = PloS One | volume = 10 | issue = 9 | pages = e0138768 | date = 2015-01-01 | pmid = 26413797 | pmc = 4587667 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0138768 }}</ref> It has been shown to affect [[Intestinal epithelium|intestinal epithelial cell]] growth and [[Cell lineage|cell lineages]] differentiation. For instance, HNF1A is an important cell-intrinsic transcription factor in adult B [[lymphopoiesis]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lussier CR, Brial F, Roy SA, Langlois MJ, Verdu EF, Rivard N, Perreault N, Boudreau F | title = Loss of hepatocyte-nuclear-factor-1alpha impacts on adult mouse intestinal epithelial cell growth and cell lineages differentiation | journal = PloS One | volume = 5 | issue = 8 | pages = e12378 | date = 2010-01-01 | pmid = 20808783 | pmc = 2927538 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0012378 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = D'Angelo A, Bluteau O, Garcia-Gonzalez MA, Gresh L, Doyen A, Garbay S, Robine S, Pontoglio M | title = Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha and beta control terminal differentiation and cell fate commitment in the gut epithelium | journal = Development | volume = 137 | issue = 9 | pages = 1573–82 | date = May 2010 | pmid = 20388655 | doi = 10.1242/dev.044420 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = von Wnuck Lipinski K, Sattler K, Peters S, Weske S, Keul P, Klump H, Heusch G, Göthert JR, Levkau B | title = Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1A Is a Cell-Intrinsic Transcription Factor Required for B Cell Differentiation and Development in Mice | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 196 | issue = 4 | pages = 1655–65 | date = February 2016 | pmid = 26800876 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.1500897 }}</ref> The participation of HNF-1α in [[Carbohydrate metabolism|glucose metabolism]] and [[Diabetes mellitus|diabetes]] has been reported, including the involvement in [[GLUT1]] and [[GLUT2]] transporter expression in [[Beta cell|pancreatic β-cells]] and [[angiotensin-converting enzyme 2]] gene expression in [[pancreatic islets]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Luni C, Marth JD, Doyle FJ | title = Computational modeling of glucose transport in pancreatic β-cells identifies metabolic thresholds and therapeutic targets in diabetes | journal = PloS One | volume = 7 | issue = 12 | pages = e53130 | date = 2012-01-01 | pmid = 23300881 | pmc = 3531366 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0053130 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pedersen KB, Chhabra KH, Nguyen VK, Xia H, Lazartigues E | title = The transcription factor HNF1α induces expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in pancreatic islets from evolutionarily conserved promoter motifs | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta | volume = 1829 | issue = 11 | pages = 1225–35 | date = November 2013 | pmid = 24100303 | pmc = 3838857 | doi = 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2013.09.007 }}</ref> HNF-1α could promote the transcription of several proteins involved in the management of [[Diabetes mellitus type 2|type II diabetes]] including [[Dipeptidyl peptidase-4|dipeptidyl peptidase-IV]] (DPP-IV/CD26).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gu N, Adachi T, Matsunaga T, Takeda J, Tsujimoto G, Ishihara A, Yasuda K, Tsuda K | title = Mutant HNF-1alpha and mutant HNF-1beta identified in MODY3 and MODY5 downregulate DPP-IV gene expression in Caco-2 cells | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 346 | issue = 3 | pages = 1016–23 | date = August 2006 | pmid = 16781669 | doi = 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.06.010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gu N, Tsuda M, Matsunaga T, Adachi T, Yasuda K, Ishihara A, Tsuda K | title = Glucose regulation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV gene expression is mediated by hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha in epithelial intestinal cells | journal = Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology | volume = 35 | issue = 12 | pages = 1433–9 | date = December 2008 | pmid = 18671716 | doi = 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.05015.x }}</ref> HNF-1α is also involved in various metabolic pathways of other organs, such as being a transcriptional regulator of [[bile acid]] transporters in the intestine and kidneys.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Shih DQ, Bussen M, Sehayek E, Ananthanarayanan M, Shneider BL, Suchy FJ, Shefer S, Bollileni JS, Gonzalez FJ, Breslow JL, Stoffel M | title = Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha is an essential regulator of bile acid and plasma cholesterol metabolism | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 27 | issue = 4 | pages = 375–82 | date = April 2001 | pmid = 11279518 | doi = 10.1038/86871 }}</ref> HNF-1α is involved in the promotion of hepatic organic cation transporters, which uptake certain classes of pharmaceuticals; hence, the loss of its function can lead to drug metabolism problems.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = O'Brien VP, Bokelmann K, Ramírez J, Jobst K, Ratain MJ, Brockmöller J, Tzvetkov MV | title = Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 regulates the expression of the organic cation transporter 1 via binding to an evolutionary conserved region in intron 1 of the OCT1 gene | journal = The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | volume = 347 | issue = 1 | pages = 181–92 | date = October 2013 | pmid = 23922447 | pmc = 3781413 | doi = 10.1124/jpet.113.206359 }}</ref> In addition, HNF-1α regulates the expression of [[Acute-phase protein|acute phase proteins]], such as [[fibrinogen]], [[c-reactive protein]], and [[Interleukin-1 receptor|interleukin 1 receptor]], which are involved with inflammation.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Armendariz AD, Krauss RM | title = Hepatic nuclear factor 1-alpha: inflammation, genetics, and atherosclerosis | journal = Current Opinion in Lipidology | volume = 20 | issue = 2 | pages = 106–11 | date = April 2009 | pmid = 19280766 }}</ref> Moreover, significantly lower levels of HNF-1α in [[Pancreatic tumor|pancreatic tumors]] and [[Hepatocellular adenoma|hepatocellular adenomas]] than in normal adjacent tissues was observed, suggesting that HNF-1α might play a possible tumor suppressor role.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Luo Z, Li Y, Wang H, Fleming J, Li M, Kang Y, Zhang R, Li D | title = Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1A (HNF1A) as a possible tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer | journal = PloS One | volume = 10 | issue = 3 | pages = e0121082 | date = 2015-01-01 | pmid = 25793983 | pmc = 4368635 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0121082 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bluteau O, Jeannot E, Bioulac-Sage P, Marqués JM, Blanc JF, Bui H, Beaudoin JC, Franco D, Balabaud C, Laurent-Puig P, Zucman-Rossi J | title = Bi-allelic inactivation of TCF1 in hepatic adenomas | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 32 | issue = 2 | pages = 312–5 | date = October 2002 | pmid = 12355088 | doi = 10.1038/ng1001 }}</ref>
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2016-10-11T20:29:41Z
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This protein belongs to the HNF1 [[homeobox]] family.<ref name=":2" /> It contains 3 functional domains: an [[N-terminus|N-terminal]] [[dimerization]] domain ([[Amino acid|residues]] 1–32), a bipartite DNA-binding motif containing an atypical POU-[[homeodomain]] (residues 98–280), and a [[C-terminus|C-terminal]] transactivation domain (residues 281–631).<ref name=":3">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chi YI, Frantz JD, Oh BC, Hansen L, Dhe-Paganon S, Shoelson SE | title = Diabetes mutations delineate an atypical POU domain in HNF-1alpha | journal = Molecular Cell | volume = 10 | issue = 5 | pages = 1129–37 | date = November 2002 | pmid = 12453420 }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite journal | vauthors = Narayana N, Phillips NB, Hua QX, Jia W, Weiss MA | title = Diabetes mellitus due to misfolding of a beta-cell transcription factor: stereospecific frustration of a Schellman motif in HNF-1alpha | journal = Journal of Molecular Biology | volume = 362 | issue = 3 | pages = 414–29 | date = September 2006 | pmid = 16930618 | doi = 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.06.086 }}</ref> There is also a flexible linker (residues 33–97) which connects the dimerization and DNA binding domains.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Narayana N, Phillips NB, Hua QX, Jia W, Weiss MA | title = Diabetes mellitus due to misfolding of a beta-cell transcription factor: stereospecific frustration of a Schellman motif in HNF-1alpha | journal = Journal of Molecular Biology | volume = 362 | issue = 3 | pages = 414–29 | date = September 2006 | pmid = 16930618 | doi = 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.06.086 }}</ref> Crystal structures have been solved for the dimerization domain, which forms a four-helix bundle where two [[α helices]] are separated by a turn; the DNA-binding motif, which forms a [[helix-turn-helix]] structure; and the POU-homeodomain, which is composed of three α helices, contained in the motif. This homeodomain is considered atypical due to an extended loop inserted between the second and third helices relative to the canonical homeodomain fold. The atypical insertion is thought to stabilize the interface to improve [[Transcription (genetics)|transcriptional]] efficiency.<ref name=":3" /> Meanwhile, the dimerization domain is responsible for the homo- and heterodimerization of HNF-1α. The resulting dimer contains a rigid “mini-zipper”, comprising α-helices 1 and 1′, linked by a non-canonical tight turn to a flexible C-terminal comprising α-helices 2 and 2′.<ref name=":4" />
HNF-1α is a [[transcription factor]] expressed in organs of [[endoderm]] origin, including [[liver]], [[Kidney|kidneys]], [[pancreas]], [[intestines]], [[stomach]], [[spleen]], [[thymus]], [[Testicle|testis]], and [[Keratinocyte|keratinocytes]] and [[Melanocyte|melanocytes]] in [[human skin]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Real Hernandez LM, Fan J, Johnson MH, Gonzalez de Mejia E | title = Berry Phenolic Compounds Increase Expression of Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1α (HNF-1α) in Caco-2 and Normal Colon Cells Due to High Affinities with Transcription and Dimerization Domains of HNF-1α | journal = PloS One | volume = 10 | issue = 9 | pages = e0138768 | date = 2015-01-01 | pmid = 26413797 | pmc = 4587667 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0138768 }}</ref> It has been shown to affect [[Intestinal epithelium|intestinal epithelial cell]] growth and [[Cell lineage|cell lineages]] differentiation. For instance, HNF1A is an important cell-intrinsic transcription factor in adult B [[lymphopoiesis]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lussier CR, Brial F, Roy SA, Langlois MJ, Verdu EF, Rivard N, Perreault N, Boudreau F | title = Loss of hepatocyte-nuclear-factor-1alpha impacts on adult mouse intestinal epithelial cell growth and cell lineages differentiation | journal = PloS One | volume = 5 | issue = 8 | pages = e12378 | date = 2010-01-01 | pmid = 20808783 | pmc = 2927538 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0012378 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = D'Angelo A, Bluteau O, Garcia-Gonzalez MA, Gresh L, Doyen A, Garbay S, Robine S, Pontoglio M | title = Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha and beta control terminal differentiation and cell fate commitment in the gut epithelium | journal = Development | volume = 137 | issue = 9 | pages = 1573–82 | date = May 2010 | pmid = 20388655 | doi = 10.1242/dev.044420 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = von Wnuck Lipinski K, Sattler K, Peters S, Weske S, Keul P, Klump H, Heusch G, Göthert JR, Levkau B | title = Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1A Is a Cell-Intrinsic Transcription Factor Required for B Cell Differentiation and Development in Mice | journal = Journal of Immunology | volume = 196 | issue = 4 | pages = 1655–65 | date = February 2016 | pmid = 26800876 | doi = 10.4049/jimmunol.1500897 }}</ref> The participation of HNF-1α in [[Carbohydrate metabolism|glucose metabolism]] and [[Diabetes mellitus|diabetes]] has been reported, including the involvement in [[GLUT1]] and [[GLUT2]] transporter expression in [[Beta cell|pancreatic β-cells]] and [[angiotensin-converting enzyme 2]] gene expression in [[pancreatic islets]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Luni C, Marth JD, Doyle FJ | title = Computational modeling of glucose transport in pancreatic β-cells identifies metabolic thresholds and therapeutic targets in diabetes | journal = PloS One | volume = 7 | issue = 12 | pages = e53130 | date = 2012-01-01 | pmid = 23300881 | pmc = 3531366 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0053130 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pedersen KB, Chhabra KH, Nguyen VK, Xia H, Lazartigues E | title = The transcription factor HNF1α induces expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in pancreatic islets from evolutionarily conserved promoter motifs | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta | volume = 1829 | issue = 11 | pages = 1225–35 | date = November 2013 | pmid = 24100303 | pmc = 3838857 | doi = 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2013.09.007 }}</ref> HNF-1α could promote the transcription of several proteins involved in the management of [[Diabetes mellitus type 2|type II diabetes]] including [[Dipeptidyl peptidase-4|dipeptidyl peptidase-IV]] (DPP-IV/CD26).<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gu N, Adachi T, Matsunaga T, Takeda J, Tsujimoto G, Ishihara A, Yasuda K, Tsuda K | title = Mutant HNF-1alpha and mutant HNF-1beta identified in MODY3 and MODY5 downregulate DPP-IV gene expression in Caco-2 cells | journal = Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications | volume = 346 | issue = 3 | pages = 1016–23 | date = August 2006 | pmid = 16781669 | doi = 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.06.010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gu N, Tsuda M, Matsunaga T, Adachi T, Yasuda K, Ishihara A, Tsuda K | title = Glucose regulation of dipeptidyl peptidase IV gene expression is mediated by hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha in epithelial intestinal cells | journal = Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology | volume = 35 | issue = 12 | pages = 1433–9 | date = December 2008 | pmid = 18671716 | doi = 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.05015.x }}</ref> HNF-1α is also involved in various metabolic pathways of other organs, such as being a transcriptional regulator of [[bile acid]] transporters in the intestine and kidneys.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Shih DQ, Bussen M, Sehayek E, Ananthanarayanan M, Shneider BL, Suchy FJ, Shefer S, Bollileni JS, Gonzalez FJ, Breslow JL, Stoffel M | title = Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha is an essential regulator of bile acid and plasma cholesterol metabolism | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 27 | issue = 4 | pages = 375–82 | date = April 2001 | pmid = 11279518 | doi = 10.1038/86871 }}</ref> HNF-1α is involved in the promotion of hepatic organic cation transporters, which uptake certain classes of pharmaceuticals; hence, the loss of its function can lead to drug metabolism problems.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = O'Brien VP, Bokelmann K, Ramírez J, Jobst K, Ratain MJ, Brockmöller J, Tzvetkov MV | title = Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 regulates the expression of the organic cation transporter 1 via binding to an evolutionary conserved region in intron 1 of the OCT1 gene | journal = The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | volume = 347 | issue = 1 | pages = 181–92 | date = October 2013 | pmid = 23922447 | pmc = 3781413 | doi = 10.1124/jpet.113.206359 }}</ref> In addition, HNF-1α regulates the expression of [[Acute-phase protein|acute phase proteins]], such as [[fibrinogen]], [[c-reactive protein]], and [[Interleukin-1 receptor|interleukin 1 receptor]], which are involved with inflammation.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Armendariz AD, Krauss RM | title = Hepatic nuclear factor 1-alpha: inflammation, genetics, and atherosclerosis | journal = Current Opinion in Lipidology | volume = 20 | issue = 2 | pages = 106–11 | date = April 2009 | pmid = 19280766 }}</ref> Moreover, significantly lower levels of HNF-1α in [[Pancreatic tumor|pancreatic tumors]] and [[Hepatocellular adenoma|hepatocellular adenomas]] than in normal adjacent tissues was observed, suggesting that HNF-1α might play a possible tumor suppressor role.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Luo Z, Li Y, Wang H, Fleming J, Li M, Kang Y, Zhang R, Li D | title = Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1A (HNF1A) as a possible tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer | journal = PloS One | volume = 10 | issue = 3 | pages = e0121082 | date = 2015-01-01 | pmid = 25793983 | pmc = 4368635 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0121082 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bluteau O, Jeannot E, Bioulac-Sage P, Marqués JM, Blanc JF, Bui H, Beaudoin JC, Franco D, Balabaud C, Laurent-Puig P, Zucman-Rossi J | title = Bi-allelic inactivation of TCF1 in hepatic adenomas | journal = Nature Genetics | volume = 32 | issue = 2 | pages = 312–5 | date = October 2002 | pmid = 12355088 | doi = 10.1038/ng1001 }}</ref>
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Company B, 11th Infantry was consolidated 31 March 1869 with Company B, [[24th Infantry Regiment (United States)|24th Infantry]] and consolidated unit redesignated as Company B, [[16th Infantry Regiment (United States)|16th Infantry]].
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2016-10-12T21:12:09Z
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Company B, 11th Infantry was consolidated 31 March 1869 with Company B, 24th Infantry and consolidated unit redesignated as Company B, [[16th Infantry Regiment (United States)|16th Infantry]].{{cn}}
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2016-10-13T04:27:40Z
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The '''2016 [[Hanteng Autos]] [[World Open (snooker)|World Open]]''' was a professional [[Snooker world rankings|ranking]] [[snooker]] tournament that took place between 25–31 July 2016 at the [[Yushan No.1 Middle School]] in [[Yushan County|Yushan]], [[China]].<ref name="World Open">{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20160731152341/http://www.worldsnooker.com/tournaments/world-open-2016/|title=World Open 2016|publisher=[[World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association]]|accessdate=18 May 2016}}</ref> It was the third ranking event of the [[Snooker season 2016/2017|2016/2017 season]].<ref name="calendar">{{cite web|url=http://www.snooker.org/res/index.asp?season=2016&template=2|title=Calendar 2016/2017|publisher=Snooker.org|accessdate=18 May 2016}}</ref>
These matches were played in [[Yushan County|Yushan]] on 25 July 2016.<ref name="draw">{{cite web|url=http://www.worldsnooker.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Click-here-for-the-draw2.pdf|title=World Open Draw|publisher=[[World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association]]|accessdate=18 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="format">{{cite web|url=http://www.worldsnooker.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Click-here-for-the-format2.pdf|title=World Open Format|publisher=[[World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association]]|accessdate=10 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="results">{{cite web|url=http://www.snooker.org/res/index.asp?template=22&event=537|title=World Open Results|publisher=Snooker.org|accessdate=25 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="matches">{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20160731151915/http://livescores.worldsnookerdata.com/Matches/Index/13900/world-open|title=World Open Matches|publisher=[[World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association]]|accessdate=25 July 2016}}</ref>
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The '''2016 [[Hanteng Autos]] [[World Open (snooker)|World Open]]''' was a professional [[Snooker world rankings|ranking]] [[snooker]] tournament that took place between 25–31 July 2016 at the [[Yushan No.1 Middle School]] in [[Yushan County|Yushan]], [[China]].<ref name="World Open">{{cite web|url=http://www.worldsnooker.com/tournaments/world-open-2016/ |title=World Open 2016 |publisher=[[World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association]] |accessdate=18 May 2016 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160731152341/http://www.worldsnooker.com/tournaments/world-open-2016/ |archivedate=31 July 2016 |df= }}</ref> It was the third ranking event of the [[Snooker season 2016/2017|2016/2017 season]].<ref name="calendar">{{cite web|url=http://www.snooker.org/res/index.asp?season=2016&template=2|title=Calendar 2016/2017|publisher=Snooker.org|accessdate=18 May 2016}}</ref>
These matches were played in [[Yushan County|Yushan]] on 25 July 2016.<ref name="draw">{{cite web|url=http://www.worldsnooker.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Click-here-for-the-draw2.pdf|title=World Open Draw|publisher=[[World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association]]|accessdate=18 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="format">{{cite web|url=http://www.worldsnooker.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Click-here-for-the-format2.pdf|title=World Open Format|publisher=[[World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association]]|accessdate=10 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="results">{{cite web|url=http://www.snooker.org/res/index.asp?template=22&event=537|title=World Open Results|publisher=Snooker.org|accessdate=25 July 2016}}</ref><ref name="matches">{{cite web|url=http://livescores.worldsnookerdata.com/Matches/Index/13900/world-open |title=World Open Matches |publisher=[[World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association]] |accessdate=25 July 2016 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160731151915/http://livescores.worldsnookerdata.com/Matches/Index/13900/world-open |archivedate=31 July 2016 |df= }}</ref>
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[[File:Dahuting Tomb mural, cavalry and chariots, Eastern Han Dynasty.jpg|thumb|[[Horses in East Asian warfare|Chariots and cavalry]], detail of a mural from the Dahuting Tomb (Chinese: 打虎亭汉墓, Pinyin: ''Dahuting Han mu'') of the late Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 AD), located in Zhengzhou, Henan province, China]]
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[[File:Dahuting Tomb mural, cavalry and chariots, Eastern Han Dynasty.jpg|thumb|[[Horses in East Asian warfare|Chariots and cavalry]], detail of a mural from the Dahuting Tomb (Chinese: 打虎亭汉墓, Pinyin: ''Dahuting Han mu'') of the late [[Eastern Han Dynasty]] (25-220 AD), located in [[Zhengzhou]], [[Henan province]], China]]
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'''''Shiva'''''({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ʃ|i|v|ə}}; [[Sanskrit]]: {{IAST|Śiva}}, lit. ''the auspicious one'') is one of the [[Hindu deities|principal deities]] of [[Hinduism]]. He is worshiped as the supreme god within [[Shaivism]], one of the three most influential denominations in contemporary Hinduism.<ref name="Flood 1996, p. 17" /><ref>Tattwananda, p. 45.</ref> He is one of [[Panchayatana puja|the five primary forms of God]] in [[Smarta Tradition]],<ref name="Flood 1996, p. 17">Flood (1996), p. 17.</ref> and ''The Destroyer'' within the [[Trimurti]], the Hindu triad.<ref name="Zimmer 1972 p. 124">Zimmer (1972) p. 124.</ref>
At the highest level, Shiva is regarded as formless, limitless, transcendent and unchanging absolute [[Brahman]], and the [[Atman (Hinduism)|Atman]] (soul, self) of the universe.<ref name="Stella_param">{{harvnb|Kramrisch|1981| pp=184-188}}</ref><ref name="Davis_param">Davis, pp. 113-114.</ref>{{sfn|William K. Mahony|1998|p=14}} Shiva has many benevolent and fearsome depictions. In benevolent aspects, he is depicted as an omniscient [[Yogi]] who lives an [[Asceticism|ascetic life]] on [[Mount Kailash]]<ref name="Zimmer 1972 p. 124"/> as well as a householder with wife [[Parvati]] and his two children, [[Ganesha]] and [[Kartikeya]]. In his fierce aspects, he is often depicted slaying demons. Shiva is also regarded as the patron god of [[yoga]], [[meditation]] and arts.<ref name=Shiv_samhita>Shiva Samhita, e.g. translation by Mallinson.</ref><ref name=Varenne>Varenne, p. 82.</ref><ref>Marchand for Jnana Yoga.</ref>
The word Shiva is used as an adjective in the Rig Veda, as an epithet for several [[Rigvedic deities]], including [[Rudra]].<ref>For use of the term ''{{IAST|śiva}}'' as an epithet for other Vedic deities, see: Chakravarti, p. 28.</ref> The term Shiva also connotes "liberation, final emancipation" and "the auspicious one", this adjective sense of usage is addressed to many deities in Vedic layers of literature.<ref name=mmwshiva/>{{Sfn|Chakravarti|1986|pp=21-22}} The term, as a noun, evolved from Vedic ''Rudra-Shiva'' to ''Shiva'' in the Epics and the Puranas, as an auspicious deity who is the "creator, reproducer and dissolver".<ref name=mmwshiva/>{{Sfn|Chakravarti|1986|pp=1, 7, 21-23}}
Shaivism is one of the four major sects of Hinduism, the others being [[Vaishnavism]], [[Shaktism]] and the [[Smarta Tradition]]. Followers of Shaivism, called "Shaivas", revere Shiva as the Supreme Being. Shaivas believe that Shiva is All and in all, the creator, preserver, destroyer, revealer and concealer of all that is. The [[Tantra|tantric]] Shaiva tradition consists of the [[Kapalika]]s, [[Kashmir Shaivism]] and [[Shaiva Siddhanta]]. The ''[[Shiva Purana]]'' is one of the [[puranas]], a genre of [[Hindu]] religious texts, dedicated to Shiva. Shaivism is widespread throughout India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, mostly. Areas notable for the practice of Shaivism include parts of Southeast Asia, especially [[Malaysia]], Singapore, and [[Indonesia]]. Indologist [[Axel Michaels]] suggests that Shaivism, like Vaishnavism, implies a unity which cannot be clearly found either in religious practice or in philosophical and esoteric doctrine. Furthermore, practice and doctrine must be kept separate.<ref>Michaels, p. 215.</ref>
The Trimurti is a concept in Hinduism in which the cosmic functions of creation, maintenance, and destruction are personified by the forms of [[Brahma]] the creator, Vishnu the maintainer or preserver and Shiva the destroyer or transformer.<ref>For quotation defining the trimurti see Matchett, Freda. "The {{IAST|Purāṇas}}", in: Flood (2003), p. 139.</ref><ref>For the Trimurti system having Brahma as the creator, Vishnu as the maintainer or preserver, and Shiva as the transformer or destroyer see: Zimmer (1972) p. 124.</ref> These three deities have been called "the Hindu triad"<ref>For definition of trimurti as "the unified form" of Brahmā, {{IAST|Viṣṇu}} and Śiva and use of the phrase "the Hindu triad" see: Apte, p. 485.</ref> or the "Great Trinity".<ref>For the term "Great Trinity" in relation to the Trimurti see: Jansen, p. 83.</ref>
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2016-09-27T11:25:00Z
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'''''Shiva'''''({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ʃ|i|v|ə}}; [[Sanskrit]]: {{IAST|Śiva}}, lit. ''the auspicious one'') is one of the [[Hindu deities|principal deities]] of [[Hinduism]]. He is worshiped as the supreme god within [[Shaivism]], one of the three most influential denominations in contemporary Hinduism.<ref name="Flood 1996, p. 17" /><ref>Tattwananda, p. 45.</ref> He is ''the destroyer'' within the [[Trimurti]], the Hindu trinity that includes [[Brahma]] and [[Vishnu]].<ref name="Zimmer 1972 p. 124">Zimmer (1972) p. 124.</ref><ref>Jan Gonda (1969), [http://www.jstor.org/stable/40457085 The Hindu Trinity], Anthropos, Bd 63/64, H 1/2, pages 212-226</ref> In Shaivism tradition, Shiva is the "creator, destroyer and regenerator".{{Sfn|Issitt|Main|2014|pp=147, 168}}{{Sfn|Arvind Sharma|2000|p=65}} He is one of the five equivalent deities in [[Panchayatana puja]] of the [[Smarta Tradition|Smarta]] tradition of Hinduism.<ref name="Flood 1996, p. 17"/>
At the highest level, Shiva is regarded as formless, limitless, transcendent and unchanging absolute [[Brahman]],<ref name="Stella_param">{{harvnb|Kramrisch|1981| pp=184-188}}</ref> and the primal [[Atman (Hinduism)|Atman]] (soul, self) of the universe.<ref name="Davis_param">Davis, pp. 113-114.</ref>{{sfn|William K. Mahony|1998|p=14}}{{Sfn|Arvind Sharma|2000|p=65}} Shiva has many benevolent and fearsome depictions. In benevolent aspects, he is depicted as an omniscient [[Yogi]] who lives an [[Asceticism|ascetic life]] on [[Mount Kailash]]<ref name="Zimmer 1972 p. 124"/> as well as a householder with wife [[Parvati]] and his two children, [[Ganesha]] and [[Kartikeya]]. In his fierce aspects, he is often depicted slaying demons. Shiva is also regarded as the patron god of [[yoga]], [[meditation]] and arts.<ref name=Shiv_samhita>Shiva Samhita, e.g. translation by Mallinson.</ref><ref name=Varenne>Varenne, p. 82.</ref><ref>Marchand for Jnana Yoga.</ref>
The word Shiva is used as an adjective in the Rig Veda, as an epithet for several [[Rigvedic deities]], including [[Rudra]].<ref>For use of the term ''{{IAST|śiva}}'' as an epithet for other Vedic deities, see: Chakravarti, p. 28.</ref> The term Shiva also connotes "liberation, final emancipation" and "the auspicious one", this adjective sense of usage is addressed to many deities in Vedic layers of literature.<ref name=mmwshiva/>{{Sfn|Chakravarti|1986|pp=21-22}} The term evolved from the Vedic ''Rudra-Shiva'' to the noun ''Shiva'' in the Epics and the Puranas, as an auspicious deity who is the "creator, reproducer and dissolver".<ref name=mmwshiva/>{{Sfn|Chakravarti|1986|pp=1, 7, 21-23}}
Shaivism is one of the four major sects of Hinduism, the others being [[Vaishnavism]], [[Shaktism]] and the [[Smarta Tradition]]. Followers of Shaivism, called "Shaivas", revere Shiva as the Supreme Being. Shaivas believe that Shiva is All and in all, the creator, preserver, destroyer, revealer and concealer of all that is.{{Sfn|Issitt|Main|2014|pp=147, 168}}{{Sfn|Arvind Sharma|2000|p=65}} He is not only the creator in Shaivism, he is the creation that results from him, he is everything and everywhere. Shiva is the primal soul, the pure consciousness and [[Brahman|Absolute Reality]] in the Shaiva traditions.{{Sfn|Arvind Sharma|2000|p=65}}
The [[Tantra|tantric]] Shaiva tradition consists of the [[Kapalika]]s, [[Kashmir Shaivism]] and [[Shaiva Siddhanta]]. The ''[[Shiva Purana]]'' is one of the [[puranas]], a genre of [[Hindu]] religious texts, dedicated to Shiva. Shaivism is widespread throughout India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, mostly. Areas notable for the practice of Shaivism include parts of Southeast Asia, especially [[Malaysia]], Singapore, and [[Indonesia]]. Indologist [[Axel Michaels]] suggests that Shaivism, like Vaishnavism, implies a unity which cannot be clearly found either in religious practice or in philosophical and esoteric doctrine. Furthermore, practice and doctrine must be kept separate.<ref>Michaels, p. 215.</ref>
The Trimurti is a concept in Hinduism in which the cosmic functions of creation, maintenance, and destruction are personified by the forms of [[Brahma]] the creator, Vishnu the maintainer or preserver and Shiva the destroyer or transformer.<ref>For quotation defining the trimurti see Matchett, Freda. "The {{IAST|Purāṇas}}", in: Flood (2003), p. 139.</ref><ref>For the Trimurti system having Brahma as the creator, Vishnu as the maintainer or preserver, and Shiva as the transformer or destroyer see: Zimmer (1972) p. 124.</ref> These three deities have been called "the Hindu triad"<ref>For definition of trimurti as "the unified form" of Brahmā, {{IAST|Viṣṇu}} and Śiva and use of the phrase "the Hindu triad" see: Apte, p. 485.</ref> or the "Great Trinity".<ref>For the term "Great Trinity" in relation to the Trimurti see: Jansen, p. 83.</ref> However, the ancient and medieval texts of Hinduism feature many triads of gods and goddesses, some of which do not include Shiva.<ref>The Trimurti idea of Hinduism, states [[Jan Gonda]], "seems to have developed from ancient cosmological and ritualistic speculations about the triple character of an individual god, in the first place of ''Agni'', whose births are three or threefold, and who is threefold light, has three bodies and three stations". See: Jan Gonda (1969), [http://www.jstor.org/stable/40457085 The Hindu Trinity], Anthropos, Bd 63/64, H 1/2, pages 218-219</ref>Other trinities, beyond the more common "Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva", mentioned in ancient and medieval Hindu texts include: "Indra, Vishnu, Brahmanaspati", "Agni, Indra, Surya", "Agni, Vayu, Aditya", "Mahalakshmi, Mahasarasvati, and Mahakali", and others. See: [a] David White (2006), Kiss of the Yogini, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 978-0226894843, pages 4, 29<br>[b] Jan Gonda (1969), [http://www.jstor.org/stable/40457085 The Hindu Trinity], Anthropos, Bd 63/64, H 1/2, pages 212-226</ref>
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Issitt|first1=Micah Lee|last2=Main|first2=Carlyn|title=Hidden Religion: The Greatest Mysteries and Symbols of the World's Religious Beliefs |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=kmFhBQAAQBAJ |year=2014|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-61069-478-0}}
* {{cite book|ref=harv|author=Arvind Sharma|title=Classical Hindu Thought: An Introduction|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gDmUToaeMJ0C |year=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-564441-8}}
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[[File:Jain_temple_10.jpg|thumb|200px|Pavagadh Jain temple]]The temples of [[Jainism]] at Pavagadh are also noteworthy. They fall into three different groups: The first consists of the Bhavanaderi temples near the Naqqarkhana gate called the Navalakka temples, the second group is in honor of the [[tirthankara]]s [[Suparshvanatha]] and [[Chandraprabhu]] and the third group, situated on the south east of Pavagarh Hill (''Mataji's'' cliff), is near the [[Pārśva]] temple next to the Dudhia tank. On the basis of their "stylistic and architectural features", the date of construction of these temples is deduced to be the 14th–15th centuries. The temple is made up of pure white stone with elaborately carved seated and standing images of the Jain [[Pantheon (gods)|pantheon]] are seen on the outer walls of the temples. The Garbabrihas are enshrined with beautiful stone images of tirthankaras in these temples. All the temples have been renovated over time.<ref name=Science/> The temple also has a 30 ft. tall statue of God Bahubali stands tall in it’s vicinity. <ref>http://champaner-pavagadh.blogspot.in/2008/08/shwetamber-jain-temple.html</ref>
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2016-10-04T07:48:58Z
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[[File:Jain_temple_10.jpg|thumb|200px|Pavagadh Jain temple]]The temples of [[Jainism]] at Pavagadh are also noteworthy. They fall into three different groups: The first consists of the Bhavanaderi temples near the Naqqarkhana gate called the Navalakka temples, the second group is in honor of the [[tirthankara]]s [[Suparshvanatha]] and [[Chandraprabhu]] and the third group, situated on the south east of Pavagarh Hill (''Mataji's'' cliff), is near the [[Pārśva]] temple next to the Dudhia tank. On the basis of their "stylistic and architectural features", the date of construction of these temples is deduced to be the 14th–15th centuries. The temple is made up of pure white stone with elaborately carved seated and standing images of the Jain [[Pantheon (gods)|pantheon]] are seen on the outer walls of the temples. The Garbabrihas are enshrined with beautiful stone images of tirthankaras in these temples. All the temples have been renovated over time.<ref name=Science/> The temple also has a 30 ft. tall statue of God Bahubali stands tall in its vicinity. <ref>http://champaner-pavagadh.blogspot.in/2008/08/shwetamber-jain-temple.html</ref>
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2016-10-24T18:52:17Z
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The Australians were also experiencing their own supply problems. For the Australians to be able to mount a counter-attack, it was vital that they build up a stockpile of supplies in order to reduce the burden placed on the native carrier system. The loss of Kokoda had deprived them of a forward airfield, although to an extent this had been alleviated by the creation of a drop zone around the dry lake at Myola, where supplies were parachuted in. These efforts, though, were hamstrung by the developing art of paradropping supplies, poor staff work, and inattention, which resulted in less supplies being collected in the drop zone than Potts had been promised. This had the effect of slowing the arrival of the Australian reinforcements as they had to be held up and then committed piecemeal company by company,{{sfn|Brune|2004|p=158}} as adequate supplies could be brought forward to sustain them.{{sfn|Anderson|2014|pp=53–54}}{{sfn|Keogh|1965|pp=203–205}}
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2016-10-23T04:51:15Z
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The Australians were also experiencing their own supply problems. For the Australians to be able to mount a counter-attack, it was vital that they build up a stockpile of supplies in order to reduce the burden placed on the native carrier system. The loss of Kokoda had deprived them of a forward airfield, although to an extent this had been alleviated by the creation of a drop zone around the dry lake at Myola, where supplies were dropped by US transport aircraft. These efforts, though, were hamstrung by the developing art of paradropping supplies, poor staff work, and inattention, which resulted in less supplies being collected in the drop zone than Potts had been promised. This had the effect of slowing the arrival of the Australian reinforcements as they had to be held up and then committed piecemeal company by company,{{sfn|Brune|2004|p=158}} as adequate supplies could be brought forward to sustain them.{{sfn|Anderson|2014|pp=53–54}}{{sfn|Keogh|1965|pp=203–205}}
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==Controversy==
=== Support for Nivedita Menon ===
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2016-10-19T04:04:59Z
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===JNU protests===
{{Further|2016 JNU protests}}
===Online support===
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2016-10-19T04:07:05Z
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'''Pouilly-Fumé''' is an [[Appellation d'origine contrôlée]] (AOC) for the dry [[white wine]] produced around [[Pouilly-sur-Loire]], in the [[Nièvre]] département. Another white wine produced in the same area but with a different grape variety is called [[Pouilly-sur-Loire AOC|Pouilly-sur-Loire]].
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2015-12-26T21:23:03Z
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'''Pouilly-Fumé''' is an [[Appellation d'origine contrôlée]] (AOC) for the dry [[sauvignon blanc]] [[white wine]] produced around [[Pouilly-sur-Loire]], in the [[Nièvre]] département. Another white wine produced in the same area but with a different grape variety is called [[Pouilly-sur-Loire AOC|Pouilly-sur-Loire]].
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2016-10-16T22:27:28Z
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After leaving the Dodgers, Friedman coached [[City College of New York]] until 1941. For decades afterward, the college's beaver mascot took on the moniker "Benny the Beaver."
He served in the [[United States Navy|Navy]] during [[World War II]].
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2016-10-06T05:09:21Z
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In February 1934, Friedman was hired as the football coach at [[City College of New York]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Ben Friedman Signs To Coach City College|newspaper=Plainfield, N.J., Courier News|date=February 5, 1934|page=16|url=}}</ref> He remained the coach at City College through the 1941 season, stepping down in 1942 for military service.
Friedman served in the [[United States Navy|Navy]] during [[World War II]].
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2016-10-06T05:19:58Z
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'''Yogmaya Temple''' also known as '''Jogmaya temple''', is a 19th century [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to [[Adi Parashakti#YogMaya|Goddess Yogmaya]], the sister of [[Krishna]], and situated in [[Mehrauli]], [[New Delhi]], close to the [[Qutb complex]].
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2016-10-20T10:30:59Z
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'''Yogmaya Temple''' also known as '''Jogmaya temple''', is a 19th-century [[Hindu temple]] dedicated to [[Adi Parashakti#YogMaya|Goddess Yogmaya]], the sister of [[Krishna]], and situated in [[Mehrauli]], [[New Delhi]], close to the [[Qutb complex]].
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2016-10-24T18:45:07Z
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'''Automated planning and scheduling''', in the relevant literature often denoted as simply '''planning''', is a branch of [[artificial intelligence]] that concerns the realization of [[strategy|strategies]] or action sequences, typically for execution by [[intelligent agent]]s, [[autonomous robot]]s and [[unmanned aerial vehicle|unmanned vehicles]]. Unlike classical [[control system|control]] and [[Statistical classification|classification]] problems, the solutions are complex and must be discovered and optimized in multidimensional space. Planning is also related to [[decision theory]].
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2016-07-13T19:21:24Z
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'''Automated planning and scheduling''', sometimes denoted as simply '''planning'''{{fact}}, is a branch of [[artificial intelligence]] that concerns the realization of [[strategy|strategies]] or action sequences, typically for execution by [[intelligent agent]]s, [[autonomous robot]]s and [[unmanned aerial vehicle|unmanned vehicles]]. Unlike classical [[control system|control]] and [[Statistical classification|classification]] problems, the solutions are complex and must be discovered and optimized in multidimensional space. Planning is also related to [[decision theory]].
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2016-10-11T20:39:12Z
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Slightly less than half of the passengers on the flight were [[Chileans]] returning to Chile.<ref name="Mayday"/><ref>"[http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9610/02/peru.plane.crash/index.html Searchers comb Pacific for more bodies after Peruvian crash]." ''[[CNN]]''. October 2, 1996. Retrieved on 11 June 2009.</ref><ref>"[http://www.clarin.com/diario/96/10/03/E-04401d.htm Murieron 70 personas en un avión peruano que cayó al mar]." ''Clarín Digital''. October 3, 1996. Retrieved on 11 June 2009.</ref>
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2016-09-05T20:37:11Z
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About half of the passengers on the flight were [[Chileans]] returning to Chile.<ref name="Mayday"/><ref>"[http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9610/02/peru.plane.crash/index.html Searchers comb Pacific for more bodies after Peruvian crash]." ''[[CNN]]''. October 2, 1996. Retrieved on 11 June 2009.</ref><ref>"[http://www.clarin.com/diario/96/10/03/E-04401d.htm Murieron 70 personas en un avión peruano que cayó al mar]." ''Clarín Digital''. October 3, 1996. Retrieved on 11 June 2009.</ref>
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2016-10-02T04:50:31Z
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{{Reflist}}
* ''Ghostwritten,'' David Mitchell, 1999
* ''The Night Swimmer'', Matt Bondourant, 2012
*'' Staideár Cuimsitheach Teangeolaíoch ar Úsáid na Gaeilge sa Ghaeltacht''
*[http://www.cailinoir.com/index?change_lang=2 Suíomh Seirbhís Farantóireachta Oifigiúil]
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2016-09-19T12:30:09Z
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{{Reflist|30em}}
* ''[[Ghostwritten]],'' [[David Mitchell (author)|David Mitchell]], 1999
* ''Staideár Cuimsitheach Teangeolaíoch ar Úsáid na Gaeilge sa Ghaeltacht'', Committee of Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs, 2007
* ''The Night Swimmer'', [[Matt Bondurant]], 2012
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2016-09-26T22:43:21Z
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The protein is the target for the [[antibody-drug conjugate]] ASG-15ME which is in phase 1 clinical trials for [[urothelial cancer]].<ref name=Ph1>{{cite web | url = http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20161007005357/en/Seattle-Genetics-Agensys-Affiliate-Astellas-Highlight-Promising | title = Enfortumab Vedotin (ASG-22ME) and ASG-15ME Phase 1 Data in Metastatic Urothelial Cancer | date = October 2016 | author = Seattle Genetics and Agensys, an Affiliate of Astellas }}</ref>
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2016-10-13T03:50:57Z
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The protein is the target for the [[antibody-drug conjugate]] ASG-15ME which is in phase 1 clinical trials for [[urothelial cancer]].<ref name=Ph1>{{cite web | url = http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20161007005357/en/Seattle-Genetics-Agensys-Affiliate-Astellas-Highlight-Promising | title = Interim Analysis of a Phase 1 Dose Escalation Trial of ASG-22CE (ASG-22ME; enfortumab vedotin), an Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) in Patients with Metastatic Urothelial Cancer | work = Poster Abstract #788P, European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress, Copenhagen | date = October 2016 | author = Seattle Genetics and Agensys, an Affiliate of Astellas }}</ref>
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2016-10-13T04:01:26Z
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#REDIRECT [[Jimmy Mack]] {{R from misspelling}}
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2009-07-15T18:46:13Z
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'''Jimmy Mac''' or '''Jimmy Mack''' may refer to:
* [[Jimmy Mac (actor)]], British actor
* [[Jimmy Mack]], a 1967 song by Martha and the Vandellas
* [[Jimmy Mack (broadcaster)]], Scottish television and radio presenter
* [[Jimmy McMillan]], American political activist
* [[James McNair]], the comedian "Uncle Jimmy Mack"
{{disambiguation}}
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2016-10-09T13:39:26Z
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
! №
! Episode
! Air date
! 18-49<br />rating
! Viewers<br />(millions)
! Weekly<br />rank
! Live+7<br />18-49
! Live+7 viewers<br />(millions)
| 1
| ""
| {{Dts|2016|9|25}}
| <span style="color: grey;"><small>N/A</small></span>
| <span style="color: grey;"><small>N/A</small></span>
| <span style="color: grey;"><small>N/A</small></span>
| <span style="color: grey;"><small>N/A</small></span>
| <span style="color: grey;"><small>N/A</small></span>
| 2
| ""
| {{Dts|2016|9|25}}
| <span style="color: grey;"><small>N/A</small></span>
| <span style="color: grey;"><small>N/A</small></span>
| <span style="color: grey;"><small>N/A</small></span>
| <span style="color: grey;"><small>N/A</small></span>
| <span style="color: grey;"><small>N/A</small></span>
| ""
| {{Dts|2016|10|2}}
| <span style="color: grey;"><small>N/A</small></span>
| <span style="color: grey;"><small>N/A</small></span>
| <span style="color: grey;"><small>N/A</small></span>
| <span style="color: grey;"><small>N/A</small></span>
| <span style="color: grey;"><small>N/A</small></span>
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2016-09-26T18:16:23Z
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{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"
! scope="col" | {{Abbr|No.|Number}}
! scope="col" | Episode
! scope="col" | Air date
! scope="col" | 18-49<br />rating
! scope="col" | Viewers<br />(millions)
! scope="col" | Weekly<br />rank
! scope="col" | Live+7<br />18-49
! scope="col" | Live+7 viewers<br />(millions)
! scope="col" | Source(s)
| scope="row" | 1
| [[#ep169|"High-Value Target"]]
| September 25, 2016
| {{TableTBA}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| scope="row" | 2
| [[#ep170|"Belly of the Beast"]]
| September 25, 2016
| {{TableTBA}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| [[#ep171|"The Queen's Gambit"]]
| scope="row" | October 2, 2016
| {{TableTBA}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| {{TableTBA}}
| {{TableTBA}}
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2016-09-26T18:21:20Z
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The home and grounds quickly proved inadequate to support a preparatory school. In the fall of 1899, [[Theodore Chickering Williams]] and Mr. Seaver Buck, the first headmaster and the first master hired, respectively, searched for additional land. They found a large estate for sale on the current grounds of [[Marymount College, Tarrytown|Marymount College]], and purchased it with funds from Mrs. Hackley. The buildings on the estate were torn down immediately, and within a short period, construction began on the buildings that would eventually join to form the Hackley quadrangle. The first buildings constructed were Goodhue Hall and the Minot Savage building. They were in use for the first time in 1902-1903. The remaining buildings, including the Sarah Goodhue King Chapel and the Headmaster’s house, were completed by 1908. The architectural firm of Wheelwright and Haven designed the new school buildings and Downing Vaux provided contouring and plans for the first playing field and track.
Hackley Hall, Mrs. Hackley's mansion, became the lower school and was eventually sold. It no longer exists, although one can find on the Marymount campus old stone gates which provided the entrance to the Hackley home. Throughout Hackley’s history there have been eleven headmasters and three acting headmasters. Inscribed above one of Hackley's doors is the phrase "Enter Here to Be and Find a Friend."
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2016-10-22T16:20:46Z
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The home and grounds quickly proved inadequate to support a preparatory school. In the fall of 1899, [[Theodore Chickering Williams]] and Mr. Seaver Buck, the first headmaster and the first master hired, respectively, searched for additional land. They found a large estate for sale near the grounds of what later became [[Marymount College, Tarrytown|Marymount College]], and purchased it with funds from Mrs. Hackley. The buildings on the estate were torn down immediately, and within a short period, construction began on the buildings that would eventually join to form the Hackley quadrangle. The first buildings constructed were Goodhue Hall and the Minot Savage building. They were in use for the first time in 1902-1903. The remaining buildings, including the Sarah Goodhue King Chapel and the Headmaster’s house, were completed by 1908. The architectural firm of Wheelwright and Haven designed the new school buildings and Downing Vaux provided contouring and plans for the first playing field and track.
Hackley Hall, Mrs. Hackley's mansion, became the lower school and was eventually sold. It no longer exists, although one can find on the Marymount campus old stone gates which provided the entrance to the Hackley home. Throughout Hackley’s history there have been twelve headmasters and three acting headmasters. Inscribed above one of Hackley's doors is the phrase "Enter Here to Be and Find a Friend."
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2016-10-23T02:29:36Z
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Thornton's recording of "Hound Dog" is credited with "helping to spur the evolution of black R&B into rock music".<ref name="Randy MacNutt 1999"/> [[Brandeis University]] professor Stephen J. Whitefield, in his 2001 book, ''In Search of American Jewish Culture'', regards "Hound Dog" as significant, as it "marked the success of race-mixing in music a year before the [[desegregation]] of public schools was mandated"<ref>Stephen J. Whitfield, ''In Search of American Jewish Culture'' (UPNE, 2001):162.</ref> in ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]''. Leiber regarded the original recording by the 350-pound "blues belter" Big Mama Thornton as his favorite version,<ref name="telegraph1" /><ref name="bluesworld1921" /> while Stoller said, "If I had to name my favorite recordings, I'd say they are Big Mama Thornton's 'Hound Dog' and [[Peggy Lee]]'s '[[Is That All There Is?]]'"<ref>{{cite book|last=Simpson|first=Pierette Domenica|title=Alive on the Andrea Doria!: The Greatest Sea Rescue in History|year=2008|publisher=Morgan James Publishing|isbn=978-1600374609|page=161}}</ref>
<ref>"The Once And Always Godfather:Johnny Otis", ''JAMM'' 19 (2001): http://home.earthlink.net/~jaymar41/jotis1.html</ref><ref>Larry Beniciewicz, [http://www.bluesworld.com/Otis/Johnny_Otis "Remembering Johnny Otis 1921-2012: Part 1: The Early Years] (2012)</ref> Otis used the [[pseudonym]] "Kansas City Bill" (after his drummer "Kansas City" Bell) on this record. Therefore, Otis, Louisiana blues guitarist Pete "Guitar" Lewis, and Puerto Rican bass player Mario Delagarde<ref>Craig Morrison, "Rock 'N' Roll", ''The Blues Encyclopedia'', eds. Edward Komara and Peter Lee (Routledge, 2004):839.</ref> (some sources say erroneously it was Albert Winston) are listed as "Kansas City Bill & Orchestra" on the Peacock record labels.<ref> {{cite web|url=http://dram.nyu.edu/dram/note.cgi?id=1768 |accessdate=February 9, 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028182147/http://dram.nyu.edu/dram/note.cgi?id=1768 |archivedate=October 28, 2007 }}</ref><ref>Johnny Otis, ''Upside Your Head!'' (Wesleyan University Press, 1993):xxi.</ref> In an interview included on the album ''Leavin’ Chicago'', Thornton credits Lewis for establishing the feel of her recording.
During the rehearsal, Leiber objected to Thornton's vocal approach, as she was [[crooning]] rather than belting it out. in an interview with Wayne Robins, Leiber recalled that it was terrible, "It was like [[Ethel Waters]]'s '[[Cabin in the Sky (musical)|Cabin in the Sky]]' thinking that's what the song required."<ref>Wayne Robins, ''A Brief History of Rock, Off the Record'' (Routledge, 2016).</ref> In June 2001 Leiber recalled: "We took the song back to Big Mama and she snatched the paper out of my hand and said, 'Is this my big hit?' And I said, 'I hope so.' Next thing I know, she starts crooning 'Hound Dog' like [[Frank Sinatra]] would sing '[[In the Wee Small Hours of the Morning|In The Wee Small Hours of the Morning]].' And I'm looking at her, and I'm a little intimidated by the razor scars on her face, and she's about 280-320 pounds, and I said, 'It don't go that way.' And she looked at me like looks could kill and said—and this was when I found out I was white—'White boy, don't you be tellin' me how to sing the blues.'"<ref>Cleothus Hardcastle, [http://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/the-backpages-interview-jerry-leiber-and-mike-stoller "The Backpages Interview: Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller"], ''Rock's Backpages'' (June 30, 2001).</ref> After this "testy exchange",<ref name="Ellis-p44" /> Leiber sang the song himself to demonstrate how they wanted it done. Said Stoller: "Big Mama heard how Jerry was singing the thing. She heard the rough-and-tough of the song and, just as important, the implicit sexual humor. In short, she got it."<ref name="Leiber" />{{rp|64}} In an interview with music writer [[Ralph J. Gleason]], Thornton said: "They were just a couple of kids, and they had this song written on the back of a paper bag." Thornton claims that she added a few interjections of her own, played around with the rhythm (some of the choruses have thirteen rather than twelve bars), and had the band bark and howl like hound dogs at the end of the song: "I started to sing the words and join in some of my own. All that talkin’ and hollerin’—that's my own."<ref>In Jim Windolf, [http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/14/books/review/Windolf-t.html "Stand By Them"], ''The New York Times'' (June 12, 2000).</ref> Thornton interacts constantly in a [[call and response]] fashion during a one-minute long guitar "solo" by Lewis. Her vocals include lines such as: "Aw, listen to that ole hound dog howl…OOOOoooow", "Now wag your tail", and "Aw, get it, get it, get it". This "blues talk",<ref>William R. Ferris, ''Blues from the Delta: The Roots of Jazz'' (Capo Press, 1978):107-108.</ref> is "a common practice in blues music".<ref>Antoine Hennion, contrib., in ''1789-1989: musique, histoire, démocratie, Vibrations, musiques, médias et sociétés'', Vol. 3 (Editions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme, 1992):773.</ref> Years later Thornton helped launch a controversy over "Hound Dog", claiming to have written it. However, when questioned further on the matter, Thornton explained that, while the song had been composed by Leiber and Stoller, she had transformed it: "They gave me the words, but I changed it around and did it my way". In his book ''Race, Rock, and Elvis'', Michael T. Bertrand says that Thornton's explanation "ingenuously stresses artist interpretation as the sole yardstick with which to measure authenticity".<ref>Michael T. Bertrand, ''Race, Rock, and Elvis'' (University of Illinois Press, 2005):190.</ref>
In late February 1953 "Hound Dog" was released by Peacock (Peacock 1612),<ref name="Crouse" /><ref name="Fink-p175" /> with the song credited erroneously on the label to Leiber-{{Sic|nolink=y|Stroller}}-Otis.<ref name="theelvisforum">{{cite web|url=http://www.theelvisforum.com/hound-dog-original-version-t3214.html |title=Theelvisforum.com |website=Theelvisforum.com |date= |accessdate=2015-12-19}}</ref> Thornton recalled later who she learned her record was in circulation while she was on her way to a performance with the Johnny Otis Orchestra during this tour in Dayton, Ohio. "I was going to the theater and I just turned the radio on in the car and the man said, ‘Here's a record that's going nationwide: ‘Hound Dog’ by Willie Mae Thornton.’ I said, ‘That's me!’ [laughs] I hadn’t heard the record in so long. So when we get to the theater they was blasting it. You could hear it from the theater, from the loudspeaker. They were just playing ‘Hound Dog’ all over the theater. So I goes up in the operating room, I say, ‘Do you mind playing that again?’ ’Cause I hadn’t heard the record in so long I forgot the words myself. So I stood there while he was playing it, listening to it. So that evening I sang it on the show, and everybody went for it. ’Hound Dog’ just took off like a jet."<ref>[http://www.mcfarlandbooks.com/book-2.php?id=978-0-7864-7759-3 Big Mama Thornton: The Life and Music. McFarland Inc. ISBN 978-0-7864-7759-3]</ref>
* Jack Turner & his Granger County Gang (RCA 20-5267; 47-5267) [http://rcs-discography.com/rcs/pics/d04/4326&type=ls label shot][http://rcs-discography.com/rcs/ss/04/ss4379.mp3 sample] (actually [[Henry D. Haynes]] on vocals, with his [[Homer and Jethro]] partner [[Kenneth C. Burns]] on mandolin, with [[Chet Atkins]] on [[lead guitar]], Charles Green on bass, and [[Jerry Byrd]] on [[steel guitar]]),<ref>[https://www.discogs.com/Jack-Turner-And-His-Granger-County-Gang-Hound-Dog-I-Couldnt-Keep-From-Crying/release/2074773 "Jack Turner And His Granger County Gang"]</ref> recorded a [[Rockabilly]] [[Boogie]] or [[hillbilly]] Country-Western version<ref name="theelvisforum" /><ref>''The Billboard'' (April 11, 1953):31.</ref><ref name="The Billboard 1953">''The Billboard'' (April 11, 1953):18.</ref> on March 20, 1953 in New York City. After the success of [[Patti Page]]'s version of the [[Bob Merrill]]-penned ''[[(How Much Is) That Doggie in the Window?]]'', as Homer and Jethro they recorded a parody version, "(How Much Is) That Hound Dog in the Window" (RCA Victor 47-5280) in March that went to #2 on the US Country charts, and #17 on the Billboard national charts.<ref>Scott Childers, ''Chicago's WLS Radio'' (Arcadia Publishing, 2008):47.</ref><ref>Vladimir Bogdanov, Chris Woodstra, and Stephen Thomas Erlewine, eds., ''All Music Guide to Country: The Definitive Guide to Country Music'', 2nd ed. (Backbeat Books, 2003):357.</ref><ref>B. Lee Cooper and Wayne S. Haney, ''Response Recordings: An Answer Song Discography, 1950-1990'' (Scarecrow Press, 1990):38.</ref> ''Billboard'' noted: "By coincidence or intent, the use of 'hound dog' also recognizes the top r&b record of the moment."<ref name="Ennis-p193">Philip H. Ennis,''The Seventh Stream: The Emergence of Rocknroll in American Popular Music'' (Wesleyan University Press, 1992):193.</ref> After Elvis Presley released his version of "Hound Dog" in 1956, by early November Homer & Jethro released a parody version, “Houn’ Dawg" (RCA Victor 6706).<ref>''Billboard'' (10 November 1956):124.</ref>
* At the request of [[Leonard Chess]], Blues guitarist [[John Brim]] wrote an answer song called "Rattlesnake" for [[Chess Records]]' [[Checker Records|Checker subsidiary]].<ref name="autogenerated1" /> In March 1953 Brim and his His Gary Kings recorded "Rattlesnake" (Checker 769) at [[Universal Audio|Universal Recording]] in Chicago.<ref>Tony Glover, Scott Dirks, and Ward Gaines, ''Blues with a Feeling: The Little Walter Story''(Routledge, 2012):99.</ref> "Rattlesnake" and "It Was a Dream" were backed by [[Little Walter]] on [[Richter-tuned harmonica|blues harp]]; [[Willie Dixon]] on string bass; [[Fred Below]] on drums; and [[The Aces (blues band)|Louis and Dave Myers]] on guitar).<ref name="allmusic" /><ref>George R. White, Robert L. Campbell, Tom Kelly, and Dr. Robert Stallworth, ''The Chess Label Part II (1953-1955)'' (July 4, 2016): http://campber.people.clemson.edu/chess2.html</ref> However, when Don Robey threatened an injunction against Sun Records for the similar "Bear Cat",<ref>Justin O'Brien, "Brim, John", ''The Blues Encyclopedia'', eds. Edward Komara and Peter Lee (Routledge, 2004):148.</ref> Leonard and [[Phil Chess]], decided to not to release "Rattlesnake" at that time.<ref>George R. White, Robert L. Campbell, Tom Kelly, and Dr. Robert Stallworth, ''The Chess Label Part II (1953-1955)'' (July 4, 2016): http://campber.people.clemson.edu/chess2.html</ref> In 1969 these songs were released officially on ''Whose Muddy Shoes'' (1969: Chess LP 1537) with songs by both Brim and [[Elmore James]],<ref>https://www.discogs.com/Elmore-James-John-Brim-Whose-Muddy-Shoes/release/6773778</ref> and the backing musicians credited as "his Stompers".<ref>"Grace and John Brim discography": http://www.wirz.de/music/brimfrm.htm</ref>
* "Call Me a Hound Dog", written by [[Bob Geddins]], in which the hound dog states his case, was recorded by Blues singer Jimmy Wilson (as Jimmie Wilson) and His All Stars (with Hal "King" Solomon on piano) and released by Geddins' Big Town Records in May 1953 (Big Town Records 103).<ref>"Jimmy Wilson Discography", http://www.wirz.de/music/wilsjfrm.htm; label indicates: Jimmie Wilson: http://www.wirz.de/music/wilsjfrm.htm</ref><ref>"Rhythm & Blues Record Reviews", ''The Billboard'' (May 23, 1953):162.</ref> <ref>JC Marion, "Forgotten Sessions (part 3)" (2002) ''JammUpp'' 23 (2002): http://home.earthlink.net/~jaymar41/labels-3a.html</ref> The review in the May 23 edition of ''Billboard'' describes this song as "the latest, and possibly the last in the long line of answers to 'Hound Dog', featuring Jimmy Wilson singing the tune okay style. Ork backs him in a blues manner but they could have added a stronger beat."<ref>Rhythm & Blues Record Reviews", ''Billboard'' (23 May 1953):162.</ref>
* "New Hound Dog" (Big Town 116) by Frank "Dual Trumpeter" Motley and His Motley Crew, with vocals provided by [[Curley Bridges]]<ref>Bill Munson, "Bridges, Curley", ''The Blues Encyclopedia'', eds. Edward Komara and Peter Lee (Routledge, 2004):147.</ref> was recorded in October 1954<ref name="autogenerated1" /> for Big Town Records, a subsidiary of 4 Star Records, owned by [[Bob Geddins]].<ref>Robert Eagle, "Big Town", ''The Blues Encyclopedia'', eds. Edward Komara and Peter Lee (Routledge, 2004):81.</ref> Motley is credited as the sole composer, and "King" Herbert Whitaker plays tenor saxophone.<ref>"45 Discography for Big Town Records":http://www.globaldogproductions.info/b/big-town.html</ref><ref>Bill Munson, "Bridges, Curley", ''The Blues Encyclopedia'', eds. Edward Komara and Peter Lee (Routledge, 2004):147.</ref> This song is described as "the first rocking rearrangement of 'Hound Dog'."<ref>Bill Munson, "Bridges, Curley", ''The Blues Encyclopedia'', eds. Edward Komara and Peter Lee (Routledge, 2004):147.</ref> It was re-released in Canada in 1956 by [[Quality Records]] (Quality K1544).<ref>"Singles Discography for Quality Records - CA - K series": http://www.globaldogproductions.info/q/quality-ca-k-series.html</ref><ref>"Frank (Dual Trumpet) Motley And His Crew*– New Hound Dog": https://www.discogs.com/Frank-Dual-Trumpet-Motley-And-His-Crew-New-Hound-Dog/release/8806061</ref>
Two records were released that were neither cover versions of nor answers to Thornton's release, yet used a similar melody without any attribution to Leiber and Stoller. The first was [[Smiley Lewis]]'s "Play Girl", credited to [[Dave Bartholomew|D. Bartholomew]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://songwritershalloffame.org/index.php/songs/detailed/C108/P281/ |title=Dave Bartholomew Detailed Song List |publisher=Songwriters Hall of Fame |date= |accessdate=2015-12-19}}</ref> and released by the Imperial Records label (Imperial 45-5234) by the end of March 1953.<ref name="globaldogproductions.info">{{cite web|url=http://www.globaldogproductions.info/i/imperial-5000-series.html |title=45 Discography for Imperial Records 5000 series |website=Globaldogproductions.info |date= |accessdate=2015-12-19}}</ref><ref>''The Billboard'' (March 28, 1953):42.</ref> Described as a "stomping uptempo boogie rocker",<ref>''Blues Unlimited, Volumes 128-132'' (BU Publications Limited, 1978):46.</ref> it began: "You ain't nothin' but a Play Girl / Staying out all night long".<ref>{{YouTube|ZeHqubwtGLA|"Smiley Lewis - Play Girl"}}</ref> In April 1955,<ref>Colin Larkin, "Jesse 'Tiny" Kennedy", ''The Virgin Encyclopedia of The Blues'' (Virgin Books, 1998):207.</ref> [[female impersonator]] Jesse "Big 'Tiny'" Kennedy recorded "Country Boy" accompanied by His Orchestra that was released by RCA's [[Groove Records]] (Groove 4G-0106) by May 21.<ref>"Reviews of New R&B Records", ''The Billboard'' (May 21, 1955):67.</ref><ref>[http://www.queermusicheritage.us/oct2007s.html ] {{wayback|url=http://www.queermusicheritage.us/oct2007s.html |date=20130523120101 }}</ref> While credited solely to Kennedy, this song has a similar melody to "Hound Dog":<ref>{{YouTube|gzV_Vpnrd5g|"Big Tiny Kennedy - Country Boy"}}</ref> "'Country Boy' has a deceptively slouching flip on the ‘Hound Dog’ motif - this time with Tiny proclaiming proudly that he ‘ain’t nothing but a country boy’".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.piccadillyrecords.com/products/BigTinyKennedy-CountryBoyStrangeKindOfFeeling-JukeboxJamSeries-79869.html |title=/ from |publisher=Piccadilly Records |date= |accessdate=2015-12-19}}</ref>
In early 1955 this version of "Hound Dog" became the first record released on Teen Records (TEEN 101),<ref>[http://www.globaldogproductions.info/t/teen.html "45 Discography for Teen Records"]</ref> "a subsidiary of the equally obscure Sound Records",<ref>Colin Escott, ''All Roots Lead to Rock: Legends of Early Rock 'n' Roll: A Bear Family Reader'' (Schirmer Books, 1999):74.</ref> that was owned by Lowe; jazz impresario Nat Segal, who owned Downbeat, the first integrated nightclub in Philadelphia;<ref>Shaun Brady, "Last Call at the Downbeat" ''My City Paper'' (New York: October 4, 2014). http://mycitypaper.com/Arts/Last-Call-at-the-Downbeat-shines-a-spotlight-on-a-jazz-legendrsquos-forgotten-Philly-connection/</ref> and partially by [[American Bandstand]]'s creator and first host [[Bob Horn (broadcaster)|Bob Horn]].<ref>Charlie Gracie & John A. Jackson, ''Rock & Roll's Hidden Giant: The Story of Rock Pioneer Charlie Gracie'' (Alfred Music, 2014):54, 68.</ref> Their version of "Hound Dog", which includes "arf arf" dog sounds made by the band throughout the song, also included the "most overused rhythmic pattern" of the 1950s, the three-beat Latin bass riff pioneered by [[Dave Bartholomew]]<ref>Rick Coleman, ''Blue Monday: Fats Domino and the Lost Dawn of Rock 'n' Roll'' (Da Capo Press, 2007):6, 73, 126.</ref> that was also used in [[Rufus Thomas]]' "Bear Cat", a 1953 answer song to Thornton's original recording, and subsequently in Presley's 1956 recording.<ref>Rick Coleman, ''Blue Monday: Fats Domino and the Lost Dawn of Rock 'n' Roll'' (Da Capo Press, 2007):317.</ref> In June 1984 music researcher and historian George A. Moonoogian also "found a stylistic similarity" between Frank "Dual Trumpeter" Motley & His Crew's 1954 number "New Hound Dog" (Big Town 116) and Bell's 1955 Teen Records release of "Hound Dog".<ref>Steve Sullivan, "Hound Dog (1956)-Elvis Presely" in ''Encyclopedia of Great Popular Song Recordings, Volume 1'' (Screcrow Press, 2013):542, n.168.</ref><ref>See George A. Moonoogian and Roger Meedem, “Ain't Nothin' But a Hound Dog” in ''Whiskey, Women, And ...'' 14 (June 1984):4-10.</ref> On the single's label, authorship is credited to {{Sic|nolink=y|Leibler}} and Stoller.<ref name="theelvisforum" /> No credit is given to Bell or anyone else for the revised lyrics. Their recording of "Hound Dog" was a local hit in the Philadelphia area, and received "lots of radio play on the east coast, and Bell found himself with a regional hit,<ref name="Rock 1999"/> that included Philadelphia, Cleveland, and New York. Despite "Hound Dog" spending 16 weeks at No.1 on the pre-[[Dick Clark]] ''Bandstand'',<ref>Mike Weatherford, ''Cult Vegas: The Weirdest! the Wildest! the Swingin'est Town on Earth!'' (Huntington Press, 2001):59.</ref> it attracted no national attention.<ref name="Miller-p135" /> However, the regional popularity of this release, along with the group's showmanship, yielded a tour; an appearance in the seminal pioneer Rock and Roll musical film ''[[Rock Around the Clock (film)|Rock Around the Clock]]'' in January 1956;<ref name="Frankie Brent">{{cite web|url=http://www.rockabillyeurope.com/references/messages/frankie_brent.htm |title=Frankie Brent |publisher=Rockabillyeurope.com |date=|accessdate=2011-06-05}}</ref> and eventually a recording contract with Mercury Records' [[Wing Records]] subsidiary by February 1956.<ref>[http://www.jazzdisco.org/mercury-records/discography-1956/ "Mercury Records Discography: 1956"]</ref>
Presley first added "Hound Dog" to his live performances at the New Frontier Hotel.<ref name="rockabillyhall1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elvis.org/live/liv56.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070115234926/http://www.elvis.org/live/liv56.html |archivedate=2007-01-15 |title=Elvis live 1956 |publisher=Web.archive.org |date=2007-01-15 |accessdate=2011-06-05}}</ref> Ace Collins indicates that "Far from being the frenetic, hard-driving song that he would eventually record, Elvis' early live renditions of 'Hound Dog' usually moved pretty slowly, with an almost burlesque feel."<ref>Ace Collins, Untold Gold: The Stories Behind Elvis's #1 Hits (Chicago Review Press, 2005):28.</ref> Just weeks after they had seen Bell and the Bellboys perform, "Hound Dog" became Elvis and Scotty and Bill's closing number for the first time on May 15, 1956 at Ellis Auditorium in [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scottymoore.net/ellis.html |title=Ellis Auditorium |publisher=Scotty Moore |date=|accessdate=2011-06-05}}</ref> during the [[Carnival Memphis|Memphis Cotton Festival]] before an audience of 7,000.<ref name="McDonnell">{{cite web|url=http://www.elvisconcerts.com/real/hound01.htm |title=Elvis Presley In Concert |website=Elvisconcerts.com |date= |accessdate=2015-12-19}}</ref> Like Bell and the Bellboys, Presley performed the song "as comic relief, basing the lyrics and his 'gyrations' ... on what he had seen in Vegas."<ref>Michael Coyle, "Hijacked Hits and Antic Authenticity", in Roger Beebe, Denise Fulbrook, Ben Saunders, ed., Rock Over the Edge: Transformations in Popular Music Culture (Duke University Press, 2002):97.</ref> Presley's performance, including the lyrics (which he sometimes changed) and the gyrations always got a big reaction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elvis.com.au/presley/interview_djfontana.shtml |title=Interview with D.J. Fontana : Elvis Articles:'For Elvis Fans Only' Official Elvis Presley Fan Club |website=Elvis.com.au |date= |accessdate=2015-12-19}}</ref> It became the standard closer until the late 1960s.<ref name="McDonnell" /><ref>Robert Fink, [http://www.johnhalle.com/bard.classes/bcs.II/elvis.everywhere.pdf "Elvis Everywhere: Musicology and Popular Music Studies at the Twilight of the Canon"]. ''American Music'' 16:2 (University of Illinois Press, Summer 1998):168, 169.</ref> By the spring of 1956, Presley was fast becoming a national phenomenon<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/cultureshock/flashpoints/music/elvis.html Culture Shock: Flashpoints: Music and Dance: Elvis Presley]. pbs.org</ref> and teenagers came to his concerts in unprecedented numbers. There were many riots at his early concerts. Scotty Moore recalled: "He’d start out, 'You ain’t nothin’ but a Hound Dog,' and they’d just go to pieces. They’d always react the same way. There’d be a riot every time."<ref>{{vcite book
:Whatever Presley got from hearing Freddy Bell's version, which was sometime in April of 1956, lasted a couple of months only. In fact he sang it 21 times, live, at concerts and on television, using Bell's vocal arrangement but which also included his own blues version, at half speed, and only at the end, until he recorded it with what was undeniably, his own arrangement based not just on Scotty Moore' tremendously modern guitar work but his own rage and disgust at what had taken place the night before, at Steve Allen' s Tonight show, when he was forced to sing the song to a bassett hound, and dressed in tails while simultaneously ''[sic.]'' facing an audience of 40 million. And once he recorded it, it was his version which he chose to deliver, although by the end of 1956, he'd added inflections from the Thornton version as well."<ref>Guillermo F. Perez-Argüello, comments on By Rick Moore, "Lyric Of The Week: Big Mama Thornton, “Hound Dog”", ''American Songwriter'' (November 10, 2014): http://americansongwriter.com/2014/11/lyric-week-big-mama-thornton-hound-dog/</ref>
Presley first performed "Hound Dog" for a nationwide television audience on ''[[The Milton Berle Show]]'' on June 5, 1956. It was his second appearance on Berle's program,<ref>Jan, "Elvis Presley, his Hound Dog, and the controversy that followed" (June 10, 2014): http://thepoodleanddogblog.typepad.com/the_poodle_and_dog_blog/2014/06/elvis-presley-his-hound-dog-and-the-controversy-that-followed.html</ref> and his eighth appearance on national television<ref name="pbs.org">"Elvis Presley:1956", http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/cultureshock/flashpoints/music/elvis.html</ref> since his debut on January 28, 1956 on [[Tommy Dorsey|Tommy]] and [[Jimmy Dorsey]]'s ''[[Stage Show (TV series)|Stage Show]]'' which was then recorded and broadcast from the CBS-TV studio in New York City.<ref>Jack Doyle, “Elvis Riles Florida, 1955-56,”PopHistoryDig.com, (February 29, 2012) :http://www.pophistorydig.com/topics/tag/elvis-presley-controversy/</ref> For the first time Presley appeared on national television ''sans'' guitar. Berle later told an interviewer that he had told Elvis to leave his guitar backstage. "Let 'em see you, son", advised Uncle Miltie.<ref>The Blue Moon Boys: The Story of Elvis Presley's Band. Ken Burke and Dan Griffin. 2006. Chicago Review Press. page 52. ISBN 1-55652-614-8</ref> By this time, Scotty Moore had added a guitar solo to the song, and D.J. Fontana had added a hot drum roll between verses of the song. However, in performing "Hound Dog" "Elvis sings the first line like Freddie Bell and the Bellboys, who repeat "hound dog" behind the lead singer: Elvis sings "hound dog" and his "second voice" repeats "hound dog." By the third verse, he sings the phrase like Thornton."<ref>Peter Nazareth, "Elvis as Anthology," in ''In search of Elvis: music, race, art, religion'', ed. Vernon Chadwick (Westview Press, 1997):58.</ref> An upbeat version ended abruptly as Presley threw his arm back, then began to vamp at half tempo, "You ain't-a nuthin' but a hound dog, cuh-crying all the time. You ain't never caught a rabbit…" A final wave signaled the band to stop. Elvis pointed threateningly at the audience, and belted out, "You ain't no friend of mine."<ref>The Blue Moon Boys: The Story of Elvis Presley's Band. Ken Burke and Dan Griffin. 2006. Chicago Review Press. page 53. ISBN 1-55652-614-8</ref> Presley's movements during the performance were energetic and exaggerated and the reactions of young women in the studio audience were enthusiastic, as shown on the broadcast.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4PaFrMiCi5A |title=Hound Dog LIVE |publisher=Youtube.com |date=|accessdate=2013-07-02}}</ref><ref>Elvis '56 DVD</ref>
In response to journalist Dave Schwensen, who said: “I remember reading an interview a few years ago with [[Keith Richards]] from The [[Rolling Stones]], ... “He was talking about the second guitar break on the recording of ‘Hound Dog’ and said it sounded like you just took off your guitar, dropped it on the floor and it got the perfect sound. He said he’s never been able to figure out how you did that.”, in 2002 Scotty Moore indicated: “I don’t know either,” ... “Ahh … I was actually pissed off to tell’ya the truth.” ... “It was just… Sometimes in the studio you do it too many times and you go past that peak. Like three takes before was really the one you should use. That was it. We had done the thing, (“Hound Dog”). I think it was printed somewhere that we did it about forty or sixty … I don’t know, give or take. But if someone was counting it off, just a couple notes and we stop, that’s a take. You know? ‘Take Two.’ But I was frustrated for some reason and in the second solo I just went, BLAH,”<ref>"Playing Rock’n Roll Guitar For Elvis And Beyond: Interview with Scotty Moore by Dave Schwensen" (July 2, 2016): https://theclassicrocker.wordpress.com/2016/07/02/interview-with-scotty-moore/</ref>
In the end, Presley chose version 28, declaring: "This is the one.” During the day Presley's manager [[Colonel Tom Parker]] told RCA vice president Larry Kananga that "Hound Dog" "may become such a big hit that RCA may have to change its corporate symbol from the 'Victor Dog' to the 'Hound Dog'."<ref>David Troedson, "Elvis Presleys National TV Appearances In The 1950s", Elvis Australia (April 16, 2011):http://www.elvis.com.au/presley/elvis-presleys-national-tv-appearances-in-the-1950s.shtml</ref> After this recording, Presley performed this "angry hopped-up version" of "Hound Dog" in his concerts, and also on his performances on ''The Ed Sullivan Show'' on September 9 and October 28, 1956.
While Presley was performing "Hound Dog" on television and his record was scaling the charts, Stoller, who had been on vacation in Europe, was returning on the ill-fated final voyage of the [[SS Andrea Doria|''Andrea Doria'']]. On July 26, 1956, Leiber met the just-rescued Stoller on the docks and told him, "We got a smash hit on Hound Dog," Stoller said, "Big Mama's record?" And Leiber replied: '"No. Some white guy named Elvis Presley." Stoller added: "And I heard the record and I was disappointed. It just sounded terribly nervous, too fast, too white. But you know, after it sold seven or eight million records it started to sound better."<ref name="Leiber" />{{rp|90}}<ref>[http://willybrauch.de/In_Their_Own_Words/leiberstoller.htm "Interview With Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller"] at the Atheanæn Hotel, London, June 27, 2001.</ref> Leiber and Stoller tired of explaining that Presley had dropped most of their lyrics.<ref name=pc7>{{Pop Chronicles |7|4|Leiber and Stoller}}</ref> For example, Leiber complained about Presley adding the line, "You ain't caught a rabbit, and you ain't no friend of mine", calling it "inane…It doesn't mean anything to me."<ref name="telegraph2" /><ref name="Leiber" />{{rp|94}} Forty years later, Leiber told music journalist Rikky Rooksby that Presley had stamped the hit with his own identity: "(A) white singer from Memphis who's a hell of a singer—he does have some black attitudes—takes the song over…But here's the thing: we didn’t make it. His version is like a combination of country and [[skiffle]]. It's not black. He sounds like [[Hank Snow]]. In most cases where we are attributed with rock and roll, it's misleading, because what we did is usually the original record—which is R&B—and some other producer (and a lot of them are great) covered our original record."<ref>Jerry Leiber, in Rikky Rooksby, ''Lyrics: Writing Better Words for Your Songs'' (Hal Leonard Corporation, 2006); from [http://rockaeology.com/2012/04/27/before-elvis-big-mama-thornton-hound-dog.aspx "Before Elvis, 'Big Mama' Thornton: 'Hound Dog'"] (April 27, 2012).</ref>
Despite refusing publicly to invite Presley to perform on his popular Sunday television evening program, after the ratings success of his appearance on ''The Steve Allen Show'', [[Ed Sullivan]] agreed to pay $50,000 for Presley to appear three times. "Hound Dog" was performed during each of those programs. On September 9, 1956, with the song topping several U.S. charts, Presley appeared on the ''[[Ed Sullivan Show]]'' (hosted that evening by [[Charles Laughton]]). After performing "Ready Teddy", Presley performed an abbreviated version of "Hound Dog", introducing the song with the following statement: "Friends, as a great philosopher once said…" This performance garnered "a 43.7 and 82.6 rating and share, respectively, which meant 60-62 million were watching, the largest audience in history up to that time, although the share in itself has never been beaten, or even equalled, to this day."<ref>Guillermo F. Perez-Argüello, in "Elvis Presley's 8 Most Successful Chart Singles for His 80th Birthday: "Jailhouse Rock," "Hound Dog," "Love Me Tender" and More...What's No. 1?" by Ryan Book, ''The Music Times'' (January 8, 2015):http://www.musictimes.com/articles/23801/20150108/elvis-presleys-8-successful-chart-singles-80th-birthday-jail-house.htm</ref> In September 1956, Democratic congressman [[Emanuel Celler]], chairman of the House Judiciary Antitrust Subcommittee was disgusted at "the bad taste that is exemplified by Elvis Presley's 'Hound Dog' music, with his animal gyrations, which are certainly most distasteful to me, are violative of all that I know to be in good taste."<ref>R. Serge Denisoff and William D. Romanowski, ''Risky Business: Rock in Film'' (Transaction Publishers, 1991):37.</ref> In October 1956 ''[[Melody Maker]]'' critic [[Steve Race]] reacted negatively to Presley's rendition of "Hound Dog": "When Hound Dog was released—and believe me 'released' is the word—I sat up and took rather special notice. Lo these many times I have heard bad records, for sheer repulsiveness coupled with the monotony of incoherence, Hound Dog hit a new low in my experience."<ref>Steve Race, ''Melody Maker'' (October 10, 1956) in Ulf Lindberg, ed., ''Rock Criticism from the Beginning: Amusers, Bruisers And Cool-Headed Cruisers'' (Peter Lang, 2005):83.</ref> Race added: "My particular interest in Presley's 'Hound Dog' does not lie simply in the fact that I don't like it. The point about the whole thing is that, by all and any standards, it is a thoroughly bad record",<ref>Steve Race, in Albin Zak, ''I Don't Sound Like Nobody: Remaking Music in 1950s America'' (University of Michigan Press, 2010):168.</ref> lacking in "tone, intelligibility, musicianship, taste [and] subtlety", through defying "the decent limits of guitar amplification".<ref>Steve Race, in Andrew Caine, ''Interpreting Rock Movies: The Pop Film and Its Critics in Britain'' (Manchester University Press, 2004):56.</ref> During his second Sullivan show appearance on October 28, Presley introduced the song thusly (although unable to keep a straight face): "Ladies and gentlemen, could I have your attention please. Ah, I'd like to tell you we’re going to do a sad song for you. This song here is one of the saddest songs we’ve ever heard. It really tells a story, friends. Beautiful lyrics. It goes something like this." He then launched into a full version of the song. Elvis was shown in full during this performance.<ref>The Ed Sullivan Shows DVD SOFA ENTERTAINMENT, INC.</ref><ref>Cf. William Patry, ''Moral Panics and the Copyright Wars'' (Oxford University Press, 2009):134, which indicates that the television cameras were forbidden to show Presley from the waist down.</ref> In the third and final show on January 6, 1957, Presley performed seven songs, including "Hound Dog". Despite Presley being filmed only above the waist, at the end of the show Sullivan looked to the audience, saying “I wanted to say to Elvis Presley and the country that this is a real decent, fine boy, and wherever you go, Elvis, we want to say we’ve never had a pleasanter experience on our show with a big name than we’ve had with you. So now let’s have a tremendous hand for a very nice person!” This proved to be Presley's last live performance on American television.<ref>"The Ed Sullivan Shows":http://www.scottymoore.net/edsullivanDVD.html</ref>
* [[:de:Ralf Bendix|Ralf Bendix]] (in German, as "Heut Geh’ Ich Nicht Nach Hause") (1957);<ref>{{YouTube|ZQ-t7cPvG1k|"Ralf Bendix - Heute geh ich nicht nach Hause"}}</ref>
After the Presley version of "Hound Dog" became a commercial success, Homer and Jethro parodied it as "Houn' Dawg" (RCA Victor 47-6706; 20-6706),<ref>"Reviews of New C&W Records", ''The Billboard''(November 10, 1956):124.</ref><ref>Paul C. Mawhinney, ''MusicMaster, the 45 RPM Record Directory: 1947 to 1982, Volume 2'' (Record-Rama, 1983):348.</ref> including such lines as: "You look like an Airedale, with the air let out".<ref>Max Décharné, ''A Rocket in My Pocket: The Hipster's Guide to Rockabilly Music'' (Profile Books, 2010).</ref> Several parodies emphasized the cross-cultural appeal of Presley's record. [[Lalo Guerrero|Lalo "Pancho Lopez" Guerrero]], the father of [[Chicano#Music|Chicano music]],<ref>Cordelia Chávez Candelaria, Peter J. Garcâia, Arturo J. Aldama, eds., ''Encyclopedia of Latino Popular Culture, Vol. 1: A - L'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004):135.</ref> released a parody version in 1956 entitled "Pound Dog" (L&M LM1002) about a [[Chihuahua (dog)|chihuahua]].<ref>Anthony Macías, ''Mexican American Mojo: Popular Music, Dance, and Urban Culture in Los Angeles, 1935–1968'' (Duke University Press, 2008):205.</ref> In January 1957, Jewish American satirist [[Mickey Katz]] released a [[Yinglish]] novelty song version, "You're a Doity Dog" (Capitol F3607), singing with a [[Yiddish]] accent, and having a [[klezmer]] break between verses.<ref>Mickey Katz; Hannibal Coons; and Joel Grey, ''Papa, Play for Me: The Hilarious, Heartwarming Autobiography of Comedian and Bandleader Mickey Katz. As told to Hannibal Coons'' (Simon & Schuster, 1977).</ref> In this ''[[Klezmer|freilach]]''-rock song, Katz sang "You ain't nothin' but a paskudnick".<ref>Josh Kun, ''Audiotopia: Music, Race, And America'' (University of California Press, 2005):78.</ref> By March 1957, veteran country singer Cliff Johnson responded to the popularity of Presley's "Hound Dog" by recording his self-penned "Go 'Way Hound Dog (Let Me Sing My Blues)" (Columbia 4-40865; Australia: [[Coronet Records]] KW-022),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rcs-discography.com/rcs/artist.php?key=john3800 |title=Johnson, Cliff (RCS Artist Discography) |website=Rcs-discography.com |date= |accessdate=2015-12-19}}</ref> described in ''Billboard'' as "[[rockabilly]] that professes satiation with rockabilly music."<ref>"Reviews of New C&W Records", ''The Billboard'' (March 16, 1957):49.</ref> In 1991, [[Elvis impersonator|Elvis "translator"]] [[El Vez]],<ref>Junu Bryan Kim, "What If Elvis Were Mexican?", ''Vegetarian Times'' (April 1991):96.</ref> backed by The Memphis Mariachis, released "(You Ain’t Nothin’ But A) Chihuahua", a "Chicano Power parody"<ref>Erika Lee Doss, ''Elvis Culture: Fans, Faith, & Image'' (University Press of Kansas, 1999):206.</ref> that opens with: "You ain't nothin' but a Chihuahua/ Yapping all the time."<ref>Harold Fiske, ''Hack Like Me'' (Penguin Books Canada, 1999):98.</ref><ref>American Graphic Systems, Inc, ''I am Elvis: A Guide to Elvis Impersonators'' (Pocket Books, 1991).</ref><ref>Jason Blake Meyler, ''Reconstructing the US Latino/a image in literature and performance art'' (Stony Brook University, 2006):170.</ref><ref>Stuart Thornton, [http://www.montereycountyweekly.com/entertainment/music/article_61378d44-4384-59d4-b79f-3861227b0fb9.html "El Vez is part Weird Al, part Elvis – and all entertainment"], ''Monterey County Weekly'' (May 8, 2008).</ref>
Their requests for payment having been ignored, Robey and two other music publishers initiated unprecedented legal proceedings in April against the record companies that released these competing songs, alleging copyright infringement.<ref name="Salem84" /> As a result, Chess Records withdrew Brim's "Rattlesnake" from sale.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> In the Memphis courts, Lion Publishing Co. sought royalties and treble damages, claiming "Bear Cat" was "a dead steal". In May, Phillips responded: "There's a lot of difference in the words. As for the tune, there's practically no melody, but a rhythm pattern", adding that it is hard to differentiate between any two 12-bar blues songs.<ref>"Recording Companies In Law Suit Over 'Hound Dog'", ''Jet'' (May 14, 1953):62.</ref> By June 1953 in a "precedent-setting" decision the Court ruled against Phillips, and upheld the charges of [[plagiarism]], finding the tune and some of the lyrics of "Bear Cat" to be identical to those of "Hound Dog".<ref>"Who Wrote That There Song?" ''The Pittsburgh Courier'' (June 6, 1953):19.</ref><ref name="autogenerated2001" /><ref name="Rebecca Kobrin 2012"/><ref name="King Hops">"King Hops Into 'Hound' Hassle", ''The Billboard'' (August 1, 1953):15.</ref> Phillips was ordered to pay 2% of all of the profits of "Bear Cat" plus court costs.<ref name=Salem85>James M. Salem, ''The Late, Great Johnny Ace and the Transition from R & B to Rock 'n' Roll' (University of Illinois Press, 2001):85.''</ref> As this amounted to $35,000 compensation, Phillips was reduced to near bankruptcy, ultimately forcing him to sell Elvis Presley's Sun contract to RCA for $35,000 to raise the funds to settle his debts.<ref>Richard Buskin,[http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/oct03/articles/samphillips.htm "Sam Phillips: Sun Records: The Man Who Invented Rock & Roll"], ''Sound On Sound'' (October 2003).</ref> On June 4, 1953, ''[[Jet (magazine)|Jet]]'' reported that:
:"The Sun Record Company of Memphis agreed to pay $2,080 to a Texas Recording firm because its blues tune, ''Bear Cat'', is too similar to ''Hound Dog''. Lion Publishing Company of Houston, Tex., won the out-of-court settlement after contending in a court suit that ''Bear Cat'' was a "conscious imitation" of their own recording with "only minor variations." Sam C. Phillips of Sun Record agreed to pay ''Hound Dog'' owners two cents per record for 79,000 waxings of ''Bear Cat'' already sold and two cents a record for future sales.<ref>"'Hound Dog' Owners Win $2,080 in Recording Suit", ''Jet'' 4:4 (June 4, 1953):61.</ref>
In late July 1953 Syd Nathan, president of King Records, took Robey and his Lion Publishing Company to court. The August 1 1953 ''BillBoard'' reported: "Lion [Music] itself was in court defending the contention of {{Sic|nolink=y|Syd Nathan Records}} in Cincinnati that he had an interest in the song 'Hound Dog' and should have a fifty per cent share of its success."<ref name="706union" /><ref name="King Hops" /> Nathan claimed that Valjo Music, one of King Records' publishing affiliates, had legal rights to the song as Johnny Otis, who claimed to be a co-author, was under exclusive contract to them at the time.<ref name="King Hops" /> An article entitled "New Howl Goes Up Over 'Hound Dog' Infringement" in ''The Pittsburgh Courier'' of August 8, 1953 reported:
:You ain't nothin' but a hound dog" is becoming a battle cry faster then a pup can clean a bone. "Hound Dog" has been howling on the juke boxes for several months and all this time the record has been hounded by imitations and sundry other misfortunes. One thing is sure: this is the most profitable hound dog since [[Uncle Tom's Cabin|Eliza]] slid across the ice. This is the latest episode: King Records joined the pack this week in the legal hassle over who's gonna get the profits from the current rhythm Dog." ... Valjo, meanwhile, is complaining that one of the writers of the tune, Johnny Otis, was under exclusive contract to them when he wrote the tune in collaboration with others and they are claiming 50 per cent of the publisher's share of the tune. At any rate, on it goes and the big problem now seems to be, how much Is that "Hound Dog" In the juke box worth?<ref>"New Howl Goes Up Over 'Hound Dog' Infringement", ''The Pittsburgh Courier'' (August 8, 1953):18.</ref><ref>see also: James M. Salem, ''The Late, Great Johnny Ace and the Transition from R & B to Rock 'n' Roll' Music in American life'' (University of Illinois Press, 2001):85.</ref>
In response, Robey counter-sued both King Records and Valjo Music over Roy Brown's answer record, and also over [[Little Esther]]'s cover record (King 12126).<ref name="Salem84" /><ref name="King Hops" /><ref>"New Howl Goes Up Over 'Hound Dog' Infringement", ''The Pittsburgh Courier'' (August 8, 1953):18.</ref><ref>J.C. Marion, [http://home.earthlink.net/~jaymar41/jotis2.html "Johnny Otis - Part Two"] ''JammUpp''19 (2001).</ref> When the dust settled, the publishing for "Hound Dog" (in all variations) remained with Lion, and writing credit with Leiber and Stoller. In April, 1954, ''Billboard'''s Rolontz summed up the events thusly: "The year 1953 saw an important precedent set in regard to answer tunes … since the 'Hound Dog' decision, few record firms have attempted to 'answer' smash hits by other companies by using same tune with different lyrics."<ref name="706union" /><ref name="Rolontz 23"/>
[[Broadcast Music, Inc.|Broadcast Music, Incorporated]] (BMI) is the performing rights organization for "Hound Dog" (BMI Work #94632, ISWC # T-905246869-6), while [[Sony/ATV Music Publishing|SONY/ATV SONGS LLC]] owns the publishing rights.
* El Vez and The Memphis Mariachis (as "(You Ain’t Nothin’ But A) Chihuahua") (1991) ''Son of a Lad From Spain?'' (December 14, 1999: Sympathy 4 the R.I.)
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Thornton's recording of "Hound Dog" is credited with "helping to spur the evolution of black R&B into rock music".<ref name="Randy MacNutt 1999"/> [[Brandeis University]] professor Stephen J. Whitefield, in his 2001 book, ''In Search of American Jewish Culture'', regards "Hound Dog" as significant, as it "marked the success of race-mixing in music a year before the [[desegregation]] of public schools was mandated"<ref>Stephen J. Whitfield, ''In Search of American Jewish Culture'' (UPNE, 2001):162.</ref> in ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]''. Leiber regarded the original recording by the 350-pound "blues belter" Big Mama Thornton as his favorite version,<ref name="telegraph1" /><ref name="bluesworld1921" /> while Stoller said, "If I had to name my favorite recordings, I'd say they are Big Mama Thornton's 'Hound Dog' and [[Peggy Lee]]'s '[[Is That All There Is?]]'"<ref>{{cite book|last=Simpson|first=Pierette Domenica|title=Alive on the Andrea Doria!: The Greatest Sea Rescue in History|year=2008|publisher=Morgan James Publishing|isbn=978-1600374609|page=161}}</ref>
<ref>"The Once And Always Godfather:Johnny Otis", ''JAMM'' 19 (2001): http://home.earthlink.net/~jaymar41/jotis1.html</ref><ref>Larry Beniciewicz, [http://www.bluesworld.com/Otis/Johnny_Otis "Remembering Johnny Otis 1921-2012: Part 1: The Early Years] (2012)</ref> Otis used the [[pseudonym]] "Kansas City Bill" (after his drummer "Kansas City" Bell) on this record. Therefore, Otis, Louisiana blues guitarist Pete "Guitar" Lewis, and Puerto Rican bass player Mario Delagarde<ref>Craig Morrison, "Rock 'N' Roll", ''The Blues Encyclopedia'', eds. Edward Komara and Peter Lee (Routledge, 2004):839.</ref> (some sources say erroneously it was Albert Winston) are listed as "Kansas City Bill & Orchestra" on the Peacock record labels.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dram.nyu.edu/dram/note.cgi?id=1768 |accessdate=February 9, 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028182147/http://dram.nyu.edu/dram/note.cgi?id=1768 |archivedate=October 28, 2007 }}</ref><ref>Johnny Otis, ''Upside Your Head!'' (Wesleyan University Press, 1993):xxi.</ref> In an interview included on the album ''Leavin' Chicago'', Thornton credits Lewis for establishing the feel of her recording.
During the rehearsal, Leiber objected to Thornton's vocal approach, as she was [[crooning]] rather than belting it out. in an interview with Wayne Robins, Leiber recalled that it was terrible, "It was like [[Ethel Waters]]'s '[[Cabin in the Sky (musical)|Cabin in the Sky]]' thinking that's what the song required."<ref>Wayne Robins, ''A Brief History of Rock, Off the Record'' (Routledge, 2016).</ref> In June 2001 Leiber recalled: "We took the song back to Big Mama and she snatched the paper out of my hand and said, 'Is this my big hit?' And I said, 'I hope so.' Next thing I know, she starts crooning 'Hound Dog' like [[Frank Sinatra]] would sing '[[In the Wee Small Hours of the Morning|In The Wee Small Hours of the Morning]].' And I'm looking at her, and I'm a little intimidated by the razor scars on her face, and she's about 280-320 pounds, and I said, 'It don't go that way.' And she looked at me like looks could kill and said—and this was when I found out I was white—'White boy, don't you be tellin' me how to sing the blues.'"<ref>Cleothus Hardcastle, [http://www.rocksbackpages.com/Library/Article/the-backpages-interview-jerry-leiber-and-mike-stoller "The Backpages Interview: Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller"], ''Rock's Backpages'' (June 30, 2001).</ref> After this "testy exchange",<ref name="Ellis-p44" /> Leiber sang the song himself to demonstrate how they wanted it done. Said Stoller: "Big Mama heard how Jerry was singing the thing. She heard the rough-and-tough of the song and, just as important, the implicit sexual humor. In short, she got it."<ref name="Leiber" />{{rp|64}} In an interview with music writer [[Ralph J. Gleason]], Thornton said: "They were just a couple of kids, and they had this song written on the back of a paper bag." Thornton claims that she added a few interjections of her own, played around with the rhythm (some of the choruses have thirteen rather than twelve bars), and had the band bark and howl like hound dogs at the end of the song: "I started to sing the words and join in some of my own. All that talkin' and hollerin'—that's my own."<ref>In Jim Windolf, [http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/14/books/review/Windolf-t.html "Stand By Them"], ''The New York Times'' (June 12, 2000).</ref> Thornton interacts constantly in a [[call and response]] fashion during a one-minute long guitar "solo" by Lewis. Her vocals include lines such as: "Aw, listen to that ole hound dog howl…OOOOoooow", "Now wag your tail", and "Aw, get it, get it, get it". This "blues talk",<ref>William R. Ferris, ''Blues from the Delta: The Roots of Jazz'' (Capo Press, 1978):107-108.</ref> is "a common practice in blues music".<ref>Antoine Hennion, contrib., in ''1789-1989: musique, histoire, démocratie, Vibrations, musiques, médias et sociétés'', Vol. 3 (Editions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme, 1992):773.</ref> Years later Thornton helped launch a controversy over "Hound Dog", claiming to have written it. However, when questioned further on the matter, Thornton explained that, while the song had been composed by Leiber and Stoller, she had transformed it: "They gave me the words, but I changed it around and did it my way". In his book ''Race, Rock, and Elvis'', Michael T. Bertrand says that Thornton's explanation "ingenuously stresses artist interpretation as the sole yardstick with which to measure authenticity".<ref>Michael T. Bertrand, ''Race, Rock, and Elvis'' (University of Illinois Press, 2005):190.</ref>
In late February 1953 "Hound Dog" was released by Peacock (Peacock 1612),<ref name="Crouse" /><ref name="Fink-p175" /> with the song credited erroneously on the label to Leiber-{{Sic|nolink=y|Stroller}}-Otis.<ref name="theelvisforum">{{cite web|url=http://www.theelvisforum.com/hound-dog-original-version-t3214.html |title=Theelvisforum.com |website=Theelvisforum.com |date= |accessdate=2015-12-19}}</ref> Thornton recalled later who she learned her record was in circulation while she was on her way to a performance with the Johnny Otis Orchestra during this tour in Dayton, Ohio. "I was going to the theater and I just turned the radio on in the car and the man said, 'Here's a record that's going nationwide: 'Hound Dog' by Willie Mae Thornton.' I said, 'That's me!' [laughs] I hadn't heard the record in so long. So when we get to the theater they was blasting it. You could hear it from the theater, from the loudspeaker. They were just playing 'Hound Dog' all over the theater. So I goes up in the operating room, I say, 'Do you mind playing that again?' 'Cause I hadn't heard the record in so long I forgot the words myself. So I stood there while he was playing it, listening to it. So that evening I sang it on the show, and everybody went for it. 'Hound Dog' just took off like a jet."<ref>[http://www.mcfarlandbooks.com/book-2.php?id=978-0-7864-7759-3 Big Mama Thornton: The Life and Music. McFarland Inc. ISBN 978-0-7864-7759-3]</ref>
* Jack Turner & his Granger County Gang (RCA 20-5267; 47-5267) [http://rcs-discography.com/rcs/pics/d04/4326&type=ls label shot][http://rcs-discography.com/rcs/ss/04/ss4379.mp3 sample] (actually [[Henry D. Haynes]] on vocals, with his [[Homer and Jethro]] partner [[Kenneth C. Burns]] on mandolin, with [[Chet Atkins]] on [[lead guitar]], Charles Green on bass, and [[Jerry Byrd]] on [[steel guitar]]),<ref>[https://www.discogs.com/Jack-Turner-And-His-Granger-County-Gang-Hound-Dog-I-Couldnt-Keep-From-Crying/release/2074773 "Jack Turner And His Granger County Gang"]</ref> recorded a [[Rockabilly]] [[Boogie]] or [[hillbilly]] Country-Western version<ref name="theelvisforum" /><ref>''The Billboard'' (April 11, 1953):31.</ref><ref name="The Billboard 1953">''The Billboard'' (April 11, 1953):18.</ref> on March 20, 1953 in New York City. After the success of [[Patti Page]]'s version of the [[Bob Merrill]]-penned ''[[(How Much Is) That Doggie in the Window?]]'', as Homer and Jethro they recorded a parody version, "(How Much Is) That Hound Dog in the Window" (RCA Victor 47-5280) in March that went to #2 on the US Country charts, and #17 on the Billboard national charts.<ref>Scott Childers, ''Chicago's WLS Radio'' (Arcadia Publishing, 2008):47.</ref><ref>Vladimir Bogdanov, Chris Woodstra, and Stephen Thomas Erlewine, eds., ''All Music Guide to Country: The Definitive Guide to Country Music'', 2nd ed. (Backbeat Books, 2003):357.</ref><ref>B. Lee Cooper and Wayne S. Haney, ''Response Recordings: An Answer Song Discography, 1950-1990'' (Scarecrow Press, 1990):38.</ref> ''Billboard'' noted: "By coincidence or intent, the use of 'hound dog' also recognizes the top r&b record of the moment."<ref name="Ennis-p193">Philip H. Ennis,''The Seventh Stream: The Emergence of Rocknroll in American Popular Music'' (Wesleyan University Press, 1992):193.</ref> After Elvis Presley released his version of "Hound Dog" in 1956, by early November Homer & Jethro released a parody version, "Houn' Dawg" (RCA Victor 6706).<ref>''Billboard'' (10 November 1956):124.</ref>
* At the request of [[Leonard Chess]], Blues guitarist [[John Brim]] wrote an answer song called "Rattlesnake" for [[Chess Records]]' [[Checker Records|Checker subsidiary]].<ref name="autogenerated1" /> In March 1953 Brim and his His Gary Kings recorded "Rattlesnake" (Checker 769) at [[Universal Audio|Universal Recording]] in Chicago.<ref>Tony Glover, Scott Dirks, and Ward Gaines, ''Blues with a Feeling: The Little Walter Story''(Routledge, 2012):99.</ref> "Rattlesnake" and "It Was a Dream" were backed by [[Little Walter]] on [[Richter-tuned harmonica|blues harp]]; [[Willie Dixon]] on string bass; [[Fred Below]] on drums; and [[The Aces (blues band)|Louis and Dave Myers]] on guitar).<ref name="allmusic" /><ref name="campber.people.clemson.edu">George R. White, Robert L. Campbell, Tom Kelly, and Dr. Robert Stallworth, ''The Chess Label Part II (1953-1955)'' (July 4, 2016): http://campber.people.clemson.edu/chess2.html</ref> However, when Don Robey threatened an injunction against Sun Records for the similar "Bear Cat",<ref>Justin O'Brien, "Brim, John", ''The Blues Encyclopedia'', eds. Edward Komara and Peter Lee (Routledge, 2004):148.</ref> Leonard and [[Phil Chess]], decided to not to release "Rattlesnake" at that time.<ref name="campber.people.clemson.edu"/> In 1969 these songs were released officially on ''Whose Muddy Shoes'' (1969: Chess LP 1537) with songs by both Brim and [[Elmore James]],<ref>https://www.discogs.com/Elmore-James-John-Brim-Whose-Muddy-Shoes/release/6773778</ref> and the backing musicians credited as "his Stompers".<ref>"Grace and John Brim discography": http://www.wirz.de/music/brimfrm.htm</ref>
* "Call Me a Hound Dog", written by [[Bob Geddins]], in which the hound dog states his case, was recorded by Blues singer Jimmy Wilson (as Jimmie Wilson) and His All Stars (with Hal "King" Solomon on piano) and released by Geddins' Big Town Records in May 1953 (Big Town Records 103).<ref>"Jimmy Wilson Discography", http://www.wirz.de/music/wilsjfrm.htm; label indicates: Jimmie Wilson: http://www.wirz.de/music/wilsjfrm.htm</ref><ref>"Rhythm & Blues Record Reviews", ''The Billboard'' (May 23, 1953):162.</ref><ref>JC Marion, "Forgotten Sessions (part 3)" (2002) ''JammUpp'' 23 (2002): http://home.earthlink.net/~jaymar41/labels-3a.html</ref> The review in the May 23 edition of ''Billboard'' describes this song as "the latest, and possibly the last in the long line of answers to 'Hound Dog', featuring Jimmy Wilson singing the tune okay style. Ork backs him in a blues manner but they could have added a stronger beat."<ref>Rhythm & Blues Record Reviews", ''Billboard'' (23 May 1953):162.</ref>
* "New Hound Dog" (Big Town 116) by Frank "Dual Trumpeter" Motley and His Motley Crew, with vocals provided by [[Curley Bridges]]<ref name="Bill Munson 2004">Bill Munson, "Bridges, Curley", ''The Blues Encyclopedia'', eds. Edward Komara and Peter Lee (Routledge, 2004):147.</ref> was recorded in October 1954<ref name="autogenerated1" /> for Big Town Records, a subsidiary of 4 Star Records, owned by [[Bob Geddins]].<ref>Robert Eagle, "Big Town", ''The Blues Encyclopedia'', eds. Edward Komara and Peter Lee (Routledge, 2004):81.</ref> Motley is credited as the sole composer, and "King" Herbert Whitaker plays tenor saxophone.<ref name="Bill Munson 2004"/><ref>"45 Discography for Big Town Records":http://www.globaldogproductions.info/b/big-town.html</ref> This song is described as "the first rocking rearrangement of 'Hound Dog'."<ref name="Bill Munson 2004"/> It was re-released in Canada in 1956 by [[Quality Records]] (Quality K1544).<ref>"Singles Discography for Quality Records - CA - K series": http://www.globaldogproductions.info/q/quality-ca-k-series.html</ref><ref>"Frank (Dual Trumpet) Motley And His Crew*– New Hound Dog": https://www.discogs.com/Frank-Dual-Trumpet-Motley-And-His-Crew-New-Hound-Dog/release/8806061</ref>
Two records were released that were neither cover versions of nor answers to Thornton's release, yet used a similar melody without any attribution to Leiber and Stoller. The first was [[Smiley Lewis]]'s "Play Girl", credited to [[Dave Bartholomew|D. Bartholomew]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://songwritershalloffame.org/index.php/songs/detailed/C108/P281/ |title=Dave Bartholomew Detailed Song List |publisher=Songwriters Hall of Fame |date= |accessdate=2015-12-19}}</ref> and released by the Imperial Records label (Imperial 45-5234) by the end of March 1953.<ref name="globaldogproductions.info">{{cite web|url=http://www.globaldogproductions.info/i/imperial-5000-series.html |title=45 Discography for Imperial Records 5000 series |website=Globaldogproductions.info |date= |accessdate=2015-12-19}}</ref><ref>''The Billboard'' (March 28, 1953):42.</ref> Described as a "stomping uptempo boogie rocker",<ref>''Blues Unlimited, Volumes 128-132'' (BU Publications Limited, 1978):46.</ref> it began: "You ain't nothin' but a Play Girl / Staying out all night long".<ref>{{YouTube|ZeHqubwtGLA|"Smiley Lewis - Play Girl"}}</ref> In April 1955,<ref>Colin Larkin, "Jesse 'Tiny" Kennedy", ''The Virgin Encyclopedia of The Blues'' (Virgin Books, 1998):207.</ref> [[female impersonator]] Jesse "Big 'Tiny'" Kennedy recorded "Country Boy" accompanied by His Orchestra that was released by RCA's [[Groove Records]] (Groove 4G-0106) by May 21.<ref>"Reviews of New R&B Records", ''The Billboard'' (May 21, 1955):67.</ref><ref>[http://www.queermusicheritage.us/oct2007s.html ] {{wayback|url=http://www.queermusicheritage.us/oct2007s.html |date=20130523120101 }}</ref> While credited solely to Kennedy, this song has a similar melody to "Hound Dog":<ref>{{YouTube|gzV_Vpnrd5g|"Big Tiny Kennedy - Country Boy"}}</ref> "'Country Boy' has a deceptively slouching flip on the 'Hound Dog' motif - this time with Tiny proclaiming proudly that he 'ain't nothing but a country boy'".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.piccadillyrecords.com/products/BigTinyKennedy-CountryBoyStrangeKindOfFeeling-JukeboxJamSeries-79869.html |title=/ from |publisher=Piccadilly Records |date= |accessdate=2015-12-19}}</ref>
In early 1955 this version of "Hound Dog" became the first record released on Teen Records (TEEN 101),<ref>[http://www.globaldogproductions.info/t/teen.html "45 Discography for Teen Records"]</ref> "a subsidiary of the equally obscure Sound Records",<ref>Colin Escott, ''All Roots Lead to Rock: Legends of Early Rock 'n' Roll: A Bear Family Reader'' (Schirmer Books, 1999):74.</ref> that was owned by Lowe; jazz impresario Nat Segal, who owned Downbeat, the first integrated nightclub in Philadelphia;<ref>Shaun Brady, "Last Call at the Downbeat" ''My City Paper'' (New York: October 4, 2014). http://mycitypaper.com/Arts/Last-Call-at-the-Downbeat-shines-a-spotlight-on-a-jazz-legendrsquos-forgotten-Philly-connection/</ref> and partially by [[American Bandstand]]'s creator and first host [[Bob Horn (broadcaster)|Bob Horn]].<ref>Charlie Gracie & John A. Jackson, ''Rock & Roll's Hidden Giant: The Story of Rock Pioneer Charlie Gracie'' (Alfred Music, 2014):54, 68.</ref> Their version of "Hound Dog", which includes "arf arf" dog sounds made by the band throughout the song, also included the "most overused rhythmic pattern" of the 1950s, the three-beat Latin bass riff pioneered by [[Dave Bartholomew]]<ref>Rick Coleman, ''Blue Monday: Fats Domino and the Lost Dawn of Rock 'n' Roll'' (Da Capo Press, 2007):6, 73, 126.</ref> that was also used in [[Rufus Thomas]]' "Bear Cat", a 1953 answer song to Thornton's original recording, and subsequently in Presley's 1956 recording.<ref>Rick Coleman, ''Blue Monday: Fats Domino and the Lost Dawn of Rock 'n' Roll'' (Da Capo Press, 2007):317.</ref> In June 1984 music researcher and historian George A. Moonoogian also "found a stylistic similarity" between Frank "Dual Trumpeter" Motley & His Crew's 1954 number "New Hound Dog" (Big Town 116) and Bell's 1955 Teen Records release of "Hound Dog".<ref>Steve Sullivan, "Hound Dog (1956)-Elvis Presely" in ''Encyclopedia of Great Popular Song Recordings, Volume 1'' (Screcrow Press, 2013):542, n.168.</ref><ref>See George A. Moonoogian and Roger Meedem, "Ain't Nothin' But a Hound Dog" in ''Whiskey, Women, And ...'' 14 (June 1984):4-10.</ref> On the single's label, authorship is credited to {{Sic|nolink=y|Leibler}} and Stoller.<ref name="theelvisforum" /> No credit is given to Bell or anyone else for the revised lyrics. Their recording of "Hound Dog" was a local hit in the Philadelphia area, and received "lots of radio play on the east coast, and Bell found himself with a regional hit,<ref name="Rock 1999"/> that included Philadelphia, Cleveland, and New York. Despite "Hound Dog" spending 16 weeks at No.1 on the pre-[[Dick Clark]] ''Bandstand'',<ref>Mike Weatherford, ''Cult Vegas: The Weirdest! the Wildest! the Swingin'est Town on Earth!'' (Huntington Press, 2001):59.</ref> it attracted no national attention.<ref name="Miller-p135" /> However, the regional popularity of this release, along with the group's showmanship, yielded a tour; an appearance in the seminal pioneer Rock and Roll musical film ''[[Rock Around the Clock (film)|Rock Around the Clock]]'' in January 1956;<ref name="Frankie Brent">{{cite web|url=http://www.rockabillyeurope.com/references/messages/frankie_brent.htm |title=Frankie Brent |publisher=Rockabillyeurope.com |date=|accessdate=2011-06-05}}</ref> and eventually a recording contract with Mercury Records' [[Wing Records]] subsidiary by February 1956.<ref>[http://www.jazzdisco.org/mercury-records/discography-1956/ "Mercury Records Discography: 1956"]</ref>
Presley first added "Hound Dog" to his live performances at the New Frontier Hotel.<ref name="rockabillyhall1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elvis.org/live/liv56.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070115234926/http://www.elvis.org/live/liv56.html |archivedate=2007-01-15 |title=Elvis live 1956 |publisher=Web.archive.org |date=2007-01-15 |accessdate=2011-06-05}}</ref> Ace Collins indicates that "Far from being the frenetic, hard-driving song that he would eventually record, Elvis' early live renditions of 'Hound Dog' usually moved pretty slowly, with an almost burlesque feel."<ref>Ace Collins, Untold Gold: The Stories Behind Elvis's #1 Hits (Chicago Review Press, 2005):28.</ref> Just weeks after they had seen Bell and the Bellboys perform, "Hound Dog" became Elvis and Scotty and Bill's closing number for the first time on May 15, 1956 at Ellis Auditorium in [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scottymoore.net/ellis.html |title=Ellis Auditorium |publisher=Scotty Moore |date=|accessdate=2011-06-05}}</ref> during the [[Carnival Memphis|Memphis Cotton Festival]] before an audience of 7,000.<ref name="McDonnell">{{cite web|url=http://www.elvisconcerts.com/real/hound01.htm |title=Elvis Presley In Concert |website=Elvisconcerts.com |date= |accessdate=2015-12-19}}</ref> Like Bell and the Bellboys, Presley performed the song "as comic relief, basing the lyrics and his 'gyrations' ... on what he had seen in Vegas."<ref>Michael Coyle, "Hijacked Hits and Antic Authenticity", in Roger Beebe, Denise Fulbrook, Ben Saunders, ed., Rock Over the Edge: Transformations in Popular Music Culture (Duke University Press, 2002):97.</ref> Presley's performance, including the lyrics (which he sometimes changed) and the gyrations always got a big reaction.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elvis.com.au/presley/interview_djfontana.shtml |title=Interview with D.J. Fontana : Elvis Articles:'For Elvis Fans Only' Official Elvis Presley Fan Club |website=Elvis.com.au |date= |accessdate=2015-12-19}}</ref> It became the standard closer until the late 1960s.<ref name="McDonnell" /><ref>Robert Fink, [http://www.johnhalle.com/bard.classes/bcs.II/elvis.everywhere.pdf "Elvis Everywhere: Musicology and Popular Music Studies at the Twilight of the Canon"]. ''American Music'' 16:2 (University of Illinois Press, Summer 1998):168, 169.</ref> By the spring of 1956, Presley was fast becoming a national phenomenon<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/cultureshock/flashpoints/music/elvis.html Culture Shock: Flashpoints: Music and Dance: Elvis Presley]. pbs.org</ref> and teenagers came to his concerts in unprecedented numbers. There were many riots at his early concerts. Scotty Moore recalled: "He'd start out, 'You ain't nothin' but a Hound Dog,' and they'd just go to pieces. They'd always react the same way. There'd be a riot every time."<ref>{{vcite book
:Whatever Presley got from hearing Freddy Bell's version, which was sometime in April of 1956, lasted a couple of months only. In fact he sang it 21 times, live, at concerts and on television, using Bell's vocal arrangement but which also included his own blues version, at half speed, and only at the end, until he recorded it with what was undeniably, his own arrangement based not just on Scotty Moore' tremendously modern guitar work but his own rage and disgust at what had taken place the night before, at Steve Allen' s Tonight show, when he was forced to sing the song to a bassett hound, and dressed in tails while simultaneously ''[sic.]'' facing an audience of 40 million. And once he recorded it, it was his version which he chose to deliver, although by the end of 1956, he'd added inflections from the Thornton version as well."<ref>Guillermo F. Perez-Argüello, comments on By Rick Moore, "Lyric Of The Week: Big Mama Thornton, "Hound Dog"", ''American Songwriter'' (November 10, 2014): http://americansongwriter.com/2014/11/lyric-week-big-mama-thornton-hound-dog/</ref>
Presley first performed "Hound Dog" for a nationwide television audience on ''[[The Milton Berle Show]]'' on June 5, 1956. It was his second appearance on Berle's program,<ref>Jan, "Elvis Presley, his Hound Dog, and the controversy that followed" (June 10, 2014): http://thepoodleanddogblog.typepad.com/the_poodle_and_dog_blog/2014/06/elvis-presley-his-hound-dog-and-the-controversy-that-followed.html</ref> and his eighth appearance on national television<ref name="pbs.org">"Elvis Presley:1956", http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/cultureshock/flashpoints/music/elvis.html</ref> since his debut on January 28, 1956 on [[Tommy Dorsey|Tommy]] and [[Jimmy Dorsey]]'s ''[[Stage Show (TV series)|Stage Show]]'' which was then recorded and broadcast from the CBS-TV studio in New York City.<ref>Jack Doyle, "Elvis Riles Florida, 1955-56,"PopHistoryDig.com, (February 29, 2012) :http://www.pophistorydig.com/topics/tag/elvis-presley-controversy/</ref> For the first time Presley appeared on national television ''sans'' guitar. Berle later told an interviewer that he had told Elvis to leave his guitar backstage. "Let 'em see you, son", advised Uncle Miltie.<ref>The Blue Moon Boys: The Story of Elvis Presley's Band. Ken Burke and Dan Griffin. 2006. Chicago Review Press. page 52. ISBN 1-55652-614-8</ref> By this time, Scotty Moore had added a guitar solo to the song, and D.J. Fontana had added a hot drum roll between verses of the song. However, in performing "Hound Dog" "Elvis sings the first line like Freddie Bell and the Bellboys, who repeat "hound dog" behind the lead singer: Elvis sings "hound dog" and his "second voice" repeats "hound dog." By the third verse, he sings the phrase like Thornton."<ref>Peter Nazareth, "Elvis as Anthology," in ''In search of Elvis: music, race, art, religion'', ed. Vernon Chadwick (Westview Press, 1997):58.</ref> An upbeat version ended abruptly as Presley threw his arm back, then began to vamp at half tempo, "You ain't-a nuthin' but a hound dog, cuh-crying all the time. You ain't never caught a rabbit…" A final wave signaled the band to stop. Elvis pointed threateningly at the audience, and belted out, "You ain't no friend of mine."<ref>The Blue Moon Boys: The Story of Elvis Presley's Band. Ken Burke and Dan Griffin. 2006. Chicago Review Press. page 53. ISBN 1-55652-614-8</ref> Presley's movements during the performance were energetic and exaggerated and the reactions of young women in the studio audience were enthusiastic, as shown on the broadcast.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4PaFrMiCi5A |title=Hound Dog LIVE |publisher=Youtube.com |date=|accessdate=2013-07-02}}</ref><ref>Elvis '56 DVD</ref>
In response to journalist Dave Schwensen, who said: "I remember reading an interview a few years ago with [[Keith Richards]] from The [[Rolling Stones]], ... "He was talking about the second guitar break on the recording of 'Hound Dog' and said it sounded like you just took off your guitar, dropped it on the floor and it got the perfect sound. He said he's never been able to figure out how you did that.", in 2002 Scotty Moore indicated: "I don't know either," ... "Ahh … I was actually pissed off to tell'ya the truth." ... "It was just… Sometimes in the studio you do it too many times and you go past that peak. Like three takes before was really the one you should use. That was it. We had done the thing, ("Hound Dog"). I think it was printed somewhere that we did it about forty or sixty … I don't know, give or take. But if someone was counting it off, just a couple notes and we stop, that's a take. You know? 'Take Two.' But I was frustrated for some reason and in the second solo I just went, BLAH,"<ref>"Playing Rock'n Roll Guitar For Elvis And Beyond: Interview with Scotty Moore by Dave Schwensen" (July 2, 2016): https://theclassicrocker.wordpress.com/2016/07/02/interview-with-scotty-moore/</ref>
In the end, Presley chose version 28, declaring: "This is the one." During the day Presley's manager [[Colonel Tom Parker]] told RCA vice president Larry Kananga that "Hound Dog" "may become such a big hit that RCA may have to change its corporate symbol from the 'Victor Dog' to the 'Hound Dog'."<ref>David Troedson, "Elvis Presleys National TV Appearances In The 1950s", Elvis Australia (April 16, 2011):http://www.elvis.com.au/presley/elvis-presleys-national-tv-appearances-in-the-1950s.shtml</ref> After this recording, Presley performed this "angry hopped-up version" of "Hound Dog" in his concerts, and also on his performances on ''The Ed Sullivan Show'' on September 9 and October 28, 1956.
While Presley was performing "Hound Dog" on television and his record was scaling the charts, Stoller, who had been on vacation in Europe, was returning on the ill-fated final voyage of the [[SS Andrea Doria|''Andrea Doria'']]. On July 26, 1956, Leiber met the just-rescued Stoller on the docks and told him, "We got a smash hit on Hound Dog," Stoller said, "Big Mama's record?" And Leiber replied: '"No. Some white guy named Elvis Presley." Stoller added: "And I heard the record and I was disappointed. It just sounded terribly nervous, too fast, too white. But you know, after it sold seven or eight million records it started to sound better."<ref name="Leiber" />{{rp|90}}<ref>[http://willybrauch.de/In_Their_Own_Words/leiberstoller.htm "Interview With Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller"] at the Atheanæn Hotel, London, June 27, 2001.</ref> Leiber and Stoller tired of explaining that Presley had dropped most of their lyrics.<ref name=pc7>{{Pop Chronicles |7|4|Leiber and Stoller}}</ref> For example, Leiber complained about Presley adding the line, "You ain't caught a rabbit, and you ain't no friend of mine", calling it "inane…It doesn't mean anything to me."<ref name="telegraph2" /><ref name="Leiber" />{{rp|94}} Forty years later, Leiber told music journalist Rikky Rooksby that Presley had stamped the hit with his own identity: "(A) white singer from Memphis who's a hell of a singer—he does have some black attitudes—takes the song over…But here's the thing: we didn't make it. His version is like a combination of country and [[skiffle]]. It's not black. He sounds like [[Hank Snow]]. In most cases where we are attributed with rock and roll, it's misleading, because what we did is usually the original record—which is R&B—and some other producer (and a lot of them are great) covered our original record."<ref>Jerry Leiber, in Rikky Rooksby, ''Lyrics: Writing Better Words for Your Songs'' (Hal Leonard Corporation, 2006); from [http://rockaeology.com/2012/04/27/before-elvis-big-mama-thornton-hound-dog.aspx "Before Elvis, 'Big Mama' Thornton: 'Hound Dog'"] (April 27, 2012).</ref>
Despite refusing publicly to invite Presley to perform on his popular Sunday television evening program, after the ratings success of his appearance on ''The Steve Allen Show'', [[Ed Sullivan]] agreed to pay $50,000 for Presley to appear three times. "Hound Dog" was performed during each of those programs. On September 9, 1956, with the song topping several U.S. charts, Presley appeared on the ''[[Ed Sullivan Show]]'' (hosted that evening by [[Charles Laughton]]). After performing "Ready Teddy", Presley performed an abbreviated version of "Hound Dog", introducing the song with the following statement: "Friends, as a great philosopher once said…" This performance garnered "a 43.7 and 82.6 rating and share, respectively, which meant 60-62 million were watching, the largest audience in history up to that time, although the share in itself has never been beaten, or even equalled, to this day."<ref>Guillermo F. Perez-Argüello, in "Elvis Presley's 8 Most Successful Chart Singles for His 80th Birthday: "Jailhouse Rock," "Hound Dog," "Love Me Tender" and More...What's No. 1?" by Ryan Book, ''The Music Times'' (January 8, 2015):http://www.musictimes.com/articles/23801/20150108/elvis-presleys-8-successful-chart-singles-80th-birthday-jail-house.htm</ref> In September 1956, Democratic congressman [[Emanuel Celler]], chairman of the House Judiciary Antitrust Subcommittee was disgusted at "the bad taste that is exemplified by Elvis Presley's 'Hound Dog' music, with his animal gyrations, which are certainly most distasteful to me, are violative of all that I know to be in good taste."<ref>R. Serge Denisoff and William D. Romanowski, ''Risky Business: Rock in Film'' (Transaction Publishers, 1991):37.</ref> In October 1956 ''[[Melody Maker]]'' critic [[Steve Race]] reacted negatively to Presley's rendition of "Hound Dog": "When Hound Dog was released—and believe me 'released' is the word—I sat up and took rather special notice. Lo these many times I have heard bad records, for sheer repulsiveness coupled with the monotony of incoherence, Hound Dog hit a new low in my experience."<ref>Steve Race, ''Melody Maker'' (October 10, 1956) in Ulf Lindberg, ed., ''Rock Criticism from the Beginning: Amusers, Bruisers And Cool-Headed Cruisers'' (Peter Lang, 2005):83.</ref> Race added: "My particular interest in Presley's 'Hound Dog' does not lie simply in the fact that I don't like it. The point about the whole thing is that, by all and any standards, it is a thoroughly bad record",<ref>Steve Race, in Albin Zak, ''I Don't Sound Like Nobody: Remaking Music in 1950s America'' (University of Michigan Press, 2010):168.</ref> lacking in "tone, intelligibility, musicianship, taste [and] subtlety", through defying "the decent limits of guitar amplification".<ref>Steve Race, in Andrew Caine, ''Interpreting Rock Movies: The Pop Film and Its Critics in Britain'' (Manchester University Press, 2004):56.</ref> During his second Sullivan show appearance on October 28, Presley introduced the song thusly (although unable to keep a straight face): "Ladies and gentlemen, could I have your attention please. Ah, I'd like to tell you we're going to do a sad song for you. This song here is one of the saddest songs we've ever heard. It really tells a story, friends. Beautiful lyrics. It goes something like this." He then launched into a full version of the song. Elvis was shown in full during this performance.<ref>The Ed Sullivan Shows DVD SOFA ENTERTAINMENT, INC.</ref><ref>Cf. William Patry, ''Moral Panics and the Copyright Wars'' (Oxford University Press, 2009):134, which indicates that the television cameras were forbidden to show Presley from the waist down.</ref> In the third and final show on January 6, 1957, Presley performed seven songs, including "Hound Dog". Despite Presley being filmed only above the waist, at the end of the show Sullivan looked to the audience, saying "I wanted to say to Elvis Presley and the country that this is a real decent, fine boy, and wherever you go, Elvis, we want to say we've never had a pleasanter experience on our show with a big name than we've had with you. So now let's have a tremendous hand for a very nice person!" This proved to be Presley's last live performance on American television.<ref>"The Ed Sullivan Shows":http://www.scottymoore.net/edsullivanDVD.html</ref>
* [[:de:Ralf Bendix|Ralf Bendix]] (in German, as "Heut Geh' Ich Nicht Nach Hause") (1957);<ref>{{YouTube|ZQ-t7cPvG1k|"Ralf Bendix - Heute geh ich nicht nach Hause"}}</ref>
After the Presley version of "Hound Dog" became a commercial success, Homer and Jethro parodied it as "Houn' Dawg" (RCA Victor 47-6706; 20-6706),<ref>"Reviews of New C&W Records", ''The Billboard''(November 10, 1956):124.</ref><ref>Paul C. Mawhinney, ''MusicMaster, the 45 RPM Record Directory: 1947 to 1982, Volume 2'' (Record-Rama, 1983):348.</ref> including such lines as: "You look like an Airedale, with the air let out".<ref>Max Décharné, ''A Rocket in My Pocket: The Hipster's Guide to Rockabilly Music'' (Profile Books, 2010).</ref> Several parodies emphasized the cross-cultural appeal of Presley's record. [[Lalo Guerrero|Lalo "Pancho Lopez" Guerrero]], the father of [[Chicano#Music|Chicano music]],<ref>Cordelia Chávez Candelaria, Peter J. Garcâia, Arturo J. Aldama, eds., ''Encyclopedia of Latino Popular Culture, Vol. 1: A - L'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004):135.</ref> released a parody version in 1956 entitled "Pound Dog" (L&M LM1002) about a [[Chihuahua (dog)|chihuahua]].<ref>Anthony Macías, ''Mexican American Mojo: Popular Music, Dance, and Urban Culture in Los Angeles, 1935–1968'' (Duke University Press, 2008):205.</ref> In January 1957, Jewish American satirist [[Mickey Katz]] released a [[Yinglish]] novelty song version, "You're a Doity Dog" (Capitol F3607), singing with a [[Yiddish]] accent, and having a [[klezmer]] break between verses.<ref>Mickey Katz; Hannibal Coons; and Joel Grey, ''Papa, Play for Me: The Hilarious, Heartwarming Autobiography of Comedian and Bandleader Mickey Katz. As told to Hannibal Coons'' (Simon & Schuster, 1977).</ref> In this ''[[Klezmer|freilach]]''-rock song, Katz sang "You ain't nothin' but a paskudnick".<ref>Josh Kun, ''Audiotopia: Music, Race, And America'' (University of California Press, 2005):78.</ref> By March 1957, veteran country singer Cliff Johnson responded to the popularity of Presley's "Hound Dog" by recording his self-penned "Go 'Way Hound Dog (Let Me Sing My Blues)" (Columbia 4-40865; Australia: [[Coronet Records]] KW-022),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rcs-discography.com/rcs/artist.php?key=john3800 |title=Johnson, Cliff (RCS Artist Discography) |website=Rcs-discography.com |date= |accessdate=2015-12-19}}</ref> described in ''Billboard'' as "[[rockabilly]] that professes satiation with rockabilly music."<ref>"Reviews of New C&W Records", ''The Billboard'' (March 16, 1957):49.</ref> In 1991, [[Elvis impersonator|Elvis "translator"]] [[El Vez]],<ref>Junu Bryan Kim, "What If Elvis Were Mexican?", ''Vegetarian Times'' (April 1991):96.</ref> backed by The Memphis Mariachis, released "(You Ain't Nothin' But A) Chihuahua", a "Chicano Power parody"<ref>Erika Lee Doss, ''Elvis Culture: Fans, Faith, & Image'' (University Press of Kansas, 1999):206.</ref> that opens with: "You ain't nothin' but a Chihuahua/ Yapping all the time."<ref>Harold Fiske, ''Hack Like Me'' (Penguin Books Canada, 1999):98.</ref><ref>American Graphic Systems, Inc, ''I am Elvis: A Guide to Elvis Impersonators'' (Pocket Books, 1991).</ref><ref>Jason Blake Meyler, ''Reconstructing the US Latino/a image in literature and performance art'' (Stony Brook University, 2006):170.</ref><ref>Stuart Thornton, [http://www.montereycountyweekly.com/entertainment/music/article_61378d44-4384-59d4-b79f-3861227b0fb9.html "El Vez is part Weird Al, part Elvis – and all entertainment"], ''Monterey County Weekly'' (May 8, 2008).</ref>
Their requests for payment having been ignored, Robey and two other music publishers initiated unprecedented legal proceedings in April against the record companies that released these competing songs, alleging copyright infringement.<ref name="Salem84" /> As a result, Chess Records withdrew Brim's "Rattlesnake" from sale.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> In the Memphis courts, Lion Publishing Co. sought royalties and treble damages, claiming "Bear Cat" was "a dead steal". In May, Phillips responded: "There's a lot of difference in the words. As for the tune, there's practically no melody, but a rhythm pattern", adding that it is hard to differentiate between any two 12-bar blues songs.<ref>"Recording Companies In Law Suit Over 'Hound Dog'", ''Jet'' (May 14, 1953):62.</ref> By June 1953 in a "precedent-setting" decision the Court ruled against Phillips, and upheld the charges of [[plagiarism]], finding the tune and some of the lyrics of "Bear Cat" to be identical to those of "Hound Dog".<ref name="autogenerated2001" /><ref>"Who Wrote That There Song?" ''The Pittsburgh Courier'' (June 6, 1953):19.</ref><ref name="Rebecca Kobrin 2012"/><ref name="King Hops">"King Hops Into 'Hound' Hassle", ''The Billboard'' (August 1, 1953):15.</ref> Phillips was ordered to pay 2% of all of the profits of "Bear Cat" plus court costs.<ref name=Salem85>James M. Salem, ''The Late, Great Johnny Ace and the Transition from R & B to Rock 'n' Roll' (University of Illinois Press, 2001):85.''</ref> As this amounted to $35,000 compensation, Phillips was reduced to near bankruptcy, ultimately forcing him to sell Elvis Presley's Sun contract to RCA for $35,000 to raise the funds to settle his debts.<ref>Richard Buskin,[http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/oct03/articles/samphillips.htm "Sam Phillips: Sun Records: The Man Who Invented Rock & Roll"], ''Sound On Sound'' (October 2003).</ref> On June 4, 1953, ''[[Jet (magazine)|Jet]]'' reported that:
:"The Sun Record Company of Memphis agreed to pay $2,080 to a Texas Recording firm because its blues tune, ''Bear Cat'', is too similar to ''Hound Dog''. Lion Publishing Company of Houston, Tex., won the out-of-court settlement after contending in a court suit that ''Bear Cat'' was a "conscious imitation" of their own recording with "only minor variations." Sam C. Phillips of Sun Record agreed to pay ''Hound Dog'' owners two cents per record for 79,000 waxings of ''Bear Cat'' already sold and two cents a record for future sales.<ref>"'Hound Dog' Owners Win $2,080 in Recording Suit", ''Jet'' 4:4 (June 4, 1953):61.</ref>
In late July 1953 Syd Nathan, president of King Records, took Robey and his Lion Publishing Company to court. The August 1, 1953 ''BillBoard'' reported: "Lion [Music] itself was in court defending the contention of {{Sic|nolink=y|Syd Nathan Records}} in Cincinnati that he had an interest in the song 'Hound Dog' and should have a fifty per cent share of its success."<ref name="706union" /><ref name="King Hops" /> Nathan claimed that Valjo Music, one of King Records' publishing affiliates, had legal rights to the song as Johnny Otis, who claimed to be a co-author, was under exclusive contract to them at the time.<ref name="King Hops" /> An article entitled "New Howl Goes Up Over 'Hound Dog' Infringement" in ''The Pittsburgh Courier'' of August 8, 1953 reported:
:You ain't nothin' but a hound dog" is becoming a battle cry faster then a pup can clean a bone. "Hound Dog" has been howling on the juke boxes for several months and all this time the record has been hounded by imitations and sundry other misfortunes. One thing is sure: this is the most profitable hound dog since [[Uncle Tom's Cabin|Eliza]] slid across the ice. This is the latest episode: King Records joined the pack this week in the legal hassle over who's gonna get the profits from the current rhythm Dog." ... Valjo, meanwhile, is complaining that one of the writers of the tune, Johnny Otis, was under exclusive contract to them when he wrote the tune in collaboration with others and they are claiming 50 per cent of the publisher's share of the tune. At any rate, on it goes and the big problem now seems to be, how much Is that "Hound Dog" In the juke box worth?<ref name="Over 1953">"New Howl Goes Up Over 'Hound Dog' Infringement", ''The Pittsburgh Courier'' (August 8, 1953):18.</ref><ref>see also: James M. Salem, ''The Late, Great Johnny Ace and the Transition from R & B to Rock 'n' Roll' Music in American life'' (University of Illinois Press, 2001):85.</ref>
In response, Robey counter-sued both King Records and Valjo Music over Roy Brown's answer record, and also over [[Little Esther]]'s cover record (King 12126).<ref name="Salem84" /><ref name="King Hops" /><ref name="Over 1953"/><ref>J.C. Marion, [http://home.earthlink.net/~jaymar41/jotis2.html "Johnny Otis - Part Two"] ''JammUpp''19 (2001).</ref> When the dust settled, the publishing for "Hound Dog" (in all variations) remained with Lion, and writing credit with Leiber and Stoller. In April, 1954, ''Billboard'''s Rolontz summed up the events thusly: "The year 1953 saw an important precedent set in regard to answer tunes … since the 'Hound Dog' decision, few record firms have attempted to 'answer' smash hits by other companies by using same tune with different lyrics."<ref name="706union" /><ref name="Rolontz 23"/>
[[Broadcast Music, Inc.|Broadcast Music, Incorporated]] (BMI) is the performing rights organization for "Hound Dog" (BMI Work #94632, ISWC # T-905246869-6), while [[Sony/ATV Music Publishing|Sony/ATV SONGS LLC]] owns the publishing rights.
* El Vez and The Memphis Mariachis (as "(You Ain't Nothin' But A) Chihuahua") (1991) ''Son of a Lad From Spain?'' (December 14, 1999: Sympathy 4 the R.I.)
|
2016-10-23T02:15:35Z
| 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743619654
|
| name = Bangued
| settlement_type = [[Municipalities of the Philippines|Municipality]]
| image_skyline = Abra Valley.jpg
| image_caption =
| image_flag =
| image_seal = Bangued Abra.png
| seal_size = 100x80px
| nickname =
| motto =
| image_map = {{#property:P242}}
| map_caption = Map of Abra showing the location of Bangued
| pushpin_map = Philippines
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within the Philippines
| coordinates_wikidata = yes
| coordinates_region = PH
| coordinates_display = title
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = [[{{#property:P17}}]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of the Philippines|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Cordillera Administrative Region]] (CAR)
| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of the Philippines|Province]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Abra (province)|Abra]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[House of Representatives of the Philippines#District representation|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Legislative district of Abra|Lone District of Abra]]
| established_title = Founded
| established_date =
| parts_type = [[Barangay]]s
| parts_style = para
| p1 = 31
| leader_party =
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Dominic "Nic" Busuego Valera
| government_footnotes = <ref name=comelec>{{cite web |url=http://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=Archives/RegularElections/2013NLE/Results/citymuni2013 |title=Official City/Municipal 2013 Election Results |publisher=Commission on Elections (COMELEC) |location=Intramuros, Manila, Philippines |date=11 September 2013 |accessdate=30 December 2013}}</ref>
| area_footnotes = <ref name=nscb>{{cite web |title=Province: ABRA |url=http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/province.asp?provCode=140100000&provName=ABRA®Code=14®Name=CAR%20-%20Cordillera%20Administrative%20Region |work=PSGC Interactive |publisher=National Statistical Coordination Board |accessdate=30 December 2013 |location=Makati City, Philippines}}</ref>
| area_total_km2 = {{PH wikidata|area}}
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes = {{PH census|current}}
| population_total = {{PH wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of = {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| timezone = [[Philippine Standard Time|PST]]
| utc_offset = +8
| postal_code_type = [[List of ZIP codes in the Philippines|ZIP code]]
| postal_code = {{PH wikidata|postal_code}}
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in the Philippines|Dialing code]]
| area_code = {{PH wikidata|area_code}}
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Municipalities of the Philippines#Income classification|Income class]]
| blank_info_sec1 = 1st class municipality
| website = {{Official URL}}
| footnotes =
'''Bangued''' ({{lang-ilo|Ili ti Bangued}}) is a first class [[Philippine municipality|municipality]] in and capital of the [[Philippine Province|province]] of [[Abra (province)|Abra]] in the [[Cordillera Administrative Region]] of the [[Philippines]]. According to the {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}}, it has a population of {{PH wikidata|population_total}} people.{{PH census|current}}
The name of Bangued means "roadblock". It was established as a regular town in 1598 and was made the seat of the provincial government of [[Abra (province)|Abra]] on July 25, 1861. The inauguration coincided with the [[feast day]] of [[Saint James the Great]].
[[File:Bangued Cathedral.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Bangued Cathedral]]
The early settlers were the Tingguians belonging to the Bago, Itneg, Masadiit, lbanao, and Indayas tribes, who latter intermarried with the immigrants from [[Ilocos Sur]]. The Tingguians opposed the Christianization introduced by the [[Spain|Spanish]] [[friar]]s who penetrated the eastern settlements. The Tingguian residents prevented the Spaniards from penetrating their area of which they placed roadblocks on all roads leading to the place. They also cut large logs and threw them to the [[Abra River]] to prevent the incoming colonizers from entering the area with the use of their boats and bamboo rafts. These logs were made as obstacles and big rocks were placed along the roads which the natives called "banggen", meaning obstacles.
When the conquistadores, led by [[Juan de Salcedo]], decided to penetrate the area, they proceeded eastward and saw for themselves the logs along the [[Abra River]], and the stones placed there to block all roads leading to the community. Salcedo's subaltern happened to meet one of the natives and asked what was the name of the place. Thinking that the Spaniards were inquiring about the roadblocks, he answered "banggen" and the subaltern jotted down on his notebook about the word.
The [[Spaniards]] were successful in their attempt to penetrate the inner communities in the east by removing the obstacles, saying in [[Spanish language|Spanish]] "Abra esos obstáculos" and it was in that happening when they developed the area and established the towns and barangays. The place where they found many obstacles, they named it "Bangen" and the province they called it "Abra".
When the [[United States|Americans]] colonized the country and established the civil government, the town's name was modified to "Bangued".
===Conversion to Cityhood===
Cityhood for Bangued is being given a push in the 16th Congress. Abra Rep. Ma. Jocelyn Bernos filed a resolution seeking congressional nod for the capital town’s cityhood.<ref>http://www.philstar.com/nation/2013/07/13/964742/bangued-cityhood-pushed-congress</ref>
Bangued is a landlocked municipality. It is elongated in shape towards the north and south, and bisected through the center by the large [[Abra River]]. It is situated in the western portion of the province with boundaries defined by the [[Ilocos Norte|Province of Ilocos Norte]] and the [[Danglas, Abra|Municipality of Danglas]] in the north; [[La Paz, Abra|La Paz]], [[Tayum, Abra|Tayum]] and [[Peñarrubia, Abra|Peñarrubia]] in the east; [[San Isidro, Abra|San Isidro]] in the south, and [[Langiden, Abra|Langiden]] and [[Pidigan, Abra|Pidigan]] in the west.
Bangued has a total land area of about {{convert|105.70|km2}}, accounting for 2.83% of the total area of the province. It is generally mountainous from north to south; however, it is flat and rolling at the midsection. From here it has an elevation of {{convert|30|m}} above mean [[sea level]]. In the north, which consists mostly of mountains, elevation ranges from {{convert|60|to|1036|m}}. In the south, which is interspersed with mountain and hills, elevation ranges from {{convert|45|to|300|m}}. One such hill is [[Cassamata Hill National Park|Cassamata Hill]] which was declared a [[National parks of the Philippines|national park]].
Bangued is accessible through the Abra-Ilocos Sur National Road from the west, Abra-Kalinga Road from the north-east, and Abra-Ilocos Norte Road from the North. It is {{convert|408|km}} from [[Manila]], {{convert|197|km}} from [[Baguio City]] and {{convert|60|km}} from [[Vigan City]].
{{Div col|3}}
*Agtangao — 2,295
*Angad — 2,464
*Bangbangar — 2,486
*Bañacao — 1,243
*Cabuloan — 1,028
*Calaba — 3,494
*Cosili East <small>(''Proper'')</small> — 908
*Cosili West <small>(''Buaya'')</small> — 1,336
*Dangdangla — 2,149
*Lingtan — 859
*Lipcan — 1,975
*Lubong — 699
*Macarcarmay — 667
*Macray — 749
*Malita — 401
*Maoay — 742
*Palao — 1,697
*Patucannay — 1,450
*Sagap — 863
*San Antonio — 878
*Santa Rosa — 1,997
*Sao-atan — 1,077
*Sappaac — 1,318
*Tablac <small>(''Calot'')</small> — 1,541
*Zone 1 Poblacion <small>(''Nalasin'')</small> — 2,212
*Zone 2 Poblacion <small>(''Consiliman'')</small> — 1,376
*Zone 3 Poblacion <small>(''Lalaud'')</small> — 1,927
*Zone 4 Poblacion <small>(''Town Proper'')</small> — 1,073
*Zone 5 Poblacion <small>(''Barikir'')</small> — 2,566
*Zone 6 Poblacion <small>(''Sinapangan'')</small> — 1,884
*Zone 7 Poblacion <small>(''Baliling'')</small> — 2,809
{{Philippine Census |align=none
| title = Population census of Bangued
| 1990 = 34184
| 1995 = 35450
| 2000 = 38965
| 2007 = 46179
| 2010 = 43936
| 2015 = 48163
| footnote = Source: Philippine Statistics Authority{{PH census|2015}}<ref name=NSO10>{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov.ph/sites/default/files/attachments/hsd/pressrelease/Cordillera%20Administrative%20Region.pdf |title=Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1, 2010 |work=2010 Census of Population and Housing |publisher=National Statistics Office |accessdate=30 December 2013}}</ref>
The population of Bangued, Abra, in the {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}} was {{PH wikidata|population_total}} people,{{PH census|current}} with a density of {{convert|{{sigfig|{{PH wikidata|population_total}}/{{PH wikidata|area}}|2}}|PD/km2|disp=or}}.
The economy of the municipality is heavily dependent on [[agriculture]] particularly palay and corn, followed by trade and industry. [[China|Chinese]] businessmen dominate [[trade]] and [[manufacturing]] as a common preoccupation of the populace.
==Health Services==
Health services delivery is vital in the promotion of a healthy and productive citizenry. due to limited funds of the municipal government, priorities were concentrated on the preventive health care programs.
With the Expanded Program on Immunization, the Office of the Municipal Health Officer immunized a total 1,100 children, on National Tuberculosis Program there were 11 sputum examinations conducted where only 3 were positive cases and subjected for treatment. On the Control of Diarrheal Diseases, there were 264 cases given oresol while on Nutrition Program, a total of 6,439 children (0-6 yrs.) were weighed per Operation Timbang, finding 52 cases of severely malnourished children and 253 moderate. Under the same program, a total of 9,565 cases from all age categories were given Vitamin A, Iodine and Iron supplement. Moreover, on Family Planning, a total of 1,999 current users of various family planning methods were maintained, while adding a total of 225 clients or new acceptors. In addition, on Environment Sanitation, a total of 1,451 level I water system were chlorinated while 11 additional sanitary toilets were constructed during the year.
===Hospitals & Clinics===
*Bangued Christian Hospital, Lorben's Hill, Torrijos St., Zone 5 - Private
*Abra Provincial Hospital, Barangay Calaba - Public
*Seares Memorial Clinic, Zone 4 - Private
*Saint James Clinic, Zone 7 - Private
*Saint Jude Clinic, Zone 7 - Private
*Bobila Clinic, Zone 7 - Private
*Divine Word College of Bangued, Zone 6 - Private
*[[Abra Valley Colleges]], Zone 4 - SemiPrivate
*Data Center College of the Phils., Zone 5 - Private
*Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology, Zone 3 - Public
*Divine Word College of Bangued, Zone 6 - Private
*Abra Valley Colleges, Zone 4 - Private
*Holy Spirit Academy of Bangued, Zone 5 - Private;
*Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology, Zone 3 - Public
*Abra High School, Zone 3 - Public
*Saint Joseph Seminary
*Sacred Heart School of Bangued,Zone 6 -Private
==Media==
''TV Stations''
*[[DWBG-TV]] 7 - [[GMA Network]] (Via Ilocos)
*DZAB-TV 9 - [[CNN Philippines]]
*DWAR-TV 11 - [[ABS-CBN Corporation]] (Via Laoag)
*DZZQ-TV 12 - [[TV5 Network, Inc.]]
*DWGN-TV 27 - [[GMA News TV]]
*DWCR-TV 30 - [[ABS-CBN Sports+Action]]
*DWFQ-TV 46 - [[Sonshine Media Network International]]
*DWBA-TV 66 - [[Myx]]
''CABLE Stations''
*Star Trek Cable Network Channel32 - [[UNTV-37]]
''AM Stations''
*DZPA: Radyo Totoo 873 (Catholic Media Network)
*DZRK: Radyo ng Bayan 1323 (Philippine Broadcasting Service)
''FM Stations''
*DWWM: Spirit FM 96.9 (Catholic Media Network)
*DWWB: Radyo Natin 101.5 (Manila Broadcasting Company)
*DWBA: GO Radio 88.7 FM ([[9Media Corporation]])
Passenger buses, mini-buses, jeepneys and tricycles including cargo are the major means of transportation in the town. Buses, mini-buses and jeepneys ply the longer routes covering the entire province of Abra and out, while tricycles serve only the inner arteries of the municipality's barangays including the adjacent towns of [[Pidigan, Abra|Pidigan]], [[Tayum, Abra|Tayum]] and [[Peñarrubia, Abra|Peñarrubia]] on a chartered ride basis.
There are jeeps that ply from Bangued to [[Narvacan,Ilocos Sur|Narvacan]].Road networks improved the transportation system of the province.They have started constructing the road connecting Abra to Ilocos Norte,exiting Abra from Danglas and entering Ilocos Norte in Nueva Era.
{{reflist}}
*[http://www.bangued.gov.ph/ Municipality of Bangued official website]
*[http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code]
*[http://www.census.gov.ph/ Philippine Census Information]
*[http://www.comelec.gov.ph/results/2007natl_local/local/car/abra_bangued.html 2007 Local Elections]
*[http://citycouncil.vigancity.gov.ph/?p=1002 Sisterhood Tie Up]
|
2016-10-07T12:51:43Z
|
| name = Bangued
| official_name = {{PH wikidata|official_name}}
| settlement_type = {{PH wikidata|settlement_type}}
| image_skyline = {{PH wikidata|image_skyline}}
| image_caption = {{PH wikidata|image_caption}}
| image_flag =
| image_seal = Bangued Abra.png
| seal_size = 100x80px
| nickname =
| motto =
| image_map = {{PH wikidata|image_map}}
| map_caption = Location within {{PH wikidata|province}} province
| map_alt = Map of Abra showing the location of Bangued
| pushpin_map = Philippines
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within the Philippines
| coordinates_wikidata = true
| coordinates_region = PH
| coordinates_display = it
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{PH wikidata|country}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of the Philippines|Region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Cordillera Administrative Region]] (CAR)
| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinces of the Philippines|Province]]
| subdivision_name2 = {{PH wikidata|province}}
| subdivision_type3 = [[House of Representatives of the Philippines#District representation|District]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Legislative district of Abra|Lone District of Abra]]
| established_title = Founded
| established_date =
| parts_type = [[Barangay]]s
| parts = 31 (see [[#Barangays|Barangays]])
| leader_party =
| leader_title = {{PH wikidata|leader_title}}
| leader_name = Dominic "Nic" Busuego Valera
| government_type = {{PH wikidata|government_type}}
| government_footnotes = {{thinsp}}<ref>{{DILG detail}}</ref>
| area_footnotes = {{PSGC detail|nscb}}
| area_total_km2 = {{PH wikidata|area}}
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| population_footnotes = {{PH census|current}}
| population_total = {{PH wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of = {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym =
| population_note =
| timezone = [[Philippine Standard Time|PST]]
| utc_offset = +8
| postal_code_type = [[List of ZIP codes in the Philippines|ZIP code]]
| postal_code = {{PH wikidata|postal_code}}
| area_code_type = {{areacodestyle}}
| area_code = {{PH wikidata|area_code}}
| blank_name_sec1 = {{PH wikidata|income_class_title}}
| blank_info_sec1 = {{PH wikidata|income_class_ordinal}}
| blank1_name_sec1 = {{PSGCstyle}}
| blank1_info_sec1 = {{PSGC detail}}
| website = {{PH wikidata|website}}
| footnotes =
'''Bangued''' ({{lang-ilo|Ili ti Bangued}}) is the capital [[{{PH wikidata|settlement_text}} of the Philippines|{{PH wikidata|settlement_text}}]] of the [[Philippine Province|province]] of [[Abra (province)|Abra]] in the [[Cordillera Administrative Region]] of the [[Philippines]]. The population was {{PH wikidata|population_total}} at the {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}}.{{PH census|current}}
The name "Bangued" means "roadblock". It was established as a regular town in 1598 and was made the seat of the provincial government of [[Abra (province)|Abra]] on July 25, 1861. The inauguration coincided with the [[feast day]] of [[Saint James the Great]].
[[File:Bangued Cathedral.jpg|thumb|left|Bangued Cathedral]]
The early settlers were the [[Tingguian people|Tingguians]] belonging to the Bago, Itneg, Masadiit, lbanao, and Indayas tribes, who latter intermarried with the immigrants from [[Ilocos Sur]]. The Tingguians opposed the Christianization introduced by the [[Spanish empire|Spanish]] [[friar]]s who penetrated the eastern settlements. The Tingguian residents prevented the Spaniards from penetrating their area of which they placed roadblocks on all roads leading to the place. They also cut large logs and threw them to the [[Abra River]] to prevent the incoming colonizers from entering the area with the use of their boats and bamboo rafts. These logs were made as obstacles and big rocks were placed along the roads which the natives called "banggen", meaning obstacles.
When the ''conquistadores'', led by [[Juan de Salcedo]], decided to penetrate the area, they proceeded eastward and saw for themselves the logs along the [[Abra River]], and the stones placed there to block all roads leading to the community. Salcedo's subaltern happened to meet one of the natives and asked what was the name of the place. Thinking that the Spaniards were inquiring about the roadblocks, he answered "banggen" and the subaltern jotted down on his notebook about the word.
The Spaniards were successful in their attempt to penetrate the inner communities in the east by removing the obstacles, saying in [[Spanish language|Spanish]] "Abra esos obstáculos" and it was in that happening when they developed the area and established the towns and barangays. The place where they found many obstacles, they named it "Bangen" and the province they called it "Abra".
When the [[United States|Americans]] [[History of the Philippines (1898–1946)]]|colonized]] the country and established the civil government, the town's name was modified to "Bangued".
===Conversion to cityhood===
Cityhood for Bangued is being given a push in the 16th Congress. Abra [[House of Representatives of the Philippines|Representative]] Ma. Jocelyn Bernos filed a resolution seeking congressional nod for the capital town’s cityhood.<ref name="PhilStar-Cityhood">{{cite news|last1=Dumlao|first1=Artemio|title=Bangued cityhood pushed in Congress|url=http://www.philstar.com/nation/2013/07/13/964742/bangued-cityhood-pushed-congress|accessdate=10 October 2016|work=The Philippine Star|date=13 July 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130714102527/http://www.philstar.com/nation/2013/07/13/964742/bangued-cityhood-pushed-congress|archivedate=14 July 2013}}</ref>
Bangued is a landlocked municipality, elongated in shape towards the north and south, and bisected through the center by the large [[Abra River]]. It is situated in the western portion of the province with boundaries defined by the [[Ilocos Norte|Province of Ilocos Norte]] and the [[Danglas, Abra|Municipality of Danglas]] in the north; [[La Paz, Abra|La Paz]], [[Tayum, Abra|Tayum]] and [[Peñarrubia, Abra|Peñarrubia]] in the east; [[San Isidro, Abra|San Isidro]] in the south, and [[Langiden, Abra|Langiden]] and [[Pidigan, Abra|Pidigan]] in the west.
According to the [[Philippine Statistics Authority]], Bangued has a land area of {{convert|{{PH wikidata|area}}|km2}}{{PSGC detail|nscb}} constituting {{percentage|{{PH wikidata|area}}|4,165.25|2|pad=yes}} of the total area of Abra. It is generally mountainous from north to south; however, it is flat and rolling at the midsection. From here it has an elevation of {{convert|30|m}} above mean [[sea level]]. In the north, which consists mostly of mountains, elevation ranges from {{convert|60|to|1036|m}}. In the south, which is interspersed with mountain and hills, elevation ranges from {{convert|45|to|300|m}}. One such hill is [[Cassamata Hill National Park|Cassamata Hill]] which was declared a [[National parks of the Philippines|national park]].
Bangued is accessible through the [[Abra-Ilocos Sur National Road]] from the west, [[Abra-Kalinga Road]] from the north-east, and [[Abra-Ilocos Norte Road]] from the North. It is {{convert|408|km}} from [[Manila]], {{convert|197|km}} from [[Baguio]] and {{convert|60|km}} from [[Vigan]].
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* Agtangao — 2,295
* Angad — 2,464
* Bangbangar — 2,486
* Bañacao — 1,243
* Cabuloan — 1,028
* Calaba — 3,494
* Cosili East <small>(''Proper'')</small> — 908
* Cosili West <small>(''Buaya'')</small> — 1,336
* Dangdangla — 2,149
* Lingtan — 859
* Lipcan — 1,975
* Lubong — 699
* Macarcarmay — 667
* Macray — 749
* Malita — 401
* Maoay — 742
* Palao — 1,697
* Patucannay — 1,450
* Sagap — 863
* San Antonio — 878
* Santa Rosa — 1,997
* Sao-atan — 1,077
* Sappaac — 1,318
* Tablac <small>(''Calot'')</small> — 1,541
* Zone 1 Poblacion <small>(''Nalasin'')</small> — 2,212
* Zone 2 Poblacion <small>(''Consiliman'')</small> — 1,376
* Zone 3 Poblacion <small>(''Lalaud'')</small> — 1,927
* Zone 4 Poblacion <small>(''Town Proper'')</small> — 1,073
* Zone 5 Poblacion <small>(''Barikir'')</small> — 2,566
* Zone 6 Poblacion <small>(''Sinapangan'')</small> — 1,884
* Zone 7 Poblacion <small>(''Baliling'')</small> — 2,809
{{Philippine Census
| align = left
| title = Population census of Bangued
| 1990 = 34184
| 1995 = 35450
| 2000 = 38965
| 2007 = 46179
| 2010 = 43936
| 2015 = 48163
| footnote = Source: Philippine Statistics Authority{{PH census|2015}}{{PH census|2010}}{{PH census|2007}}
The population of Bangued in the {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}} was {{PH wikidata|population_total}},{{PH census|current}} with a density of {{convert|{{sigfig|{{PH wikidata|population_total}}/{{PH wikidata|area}}|2}}|PD/km2|disp=or}}.
{{clear left}}
The economy of the municipality is heavily dependent on [[agriculture]] particularly ''[[palay]]'' and corn, followed by trade and industry. [[China|Chinese]] businessmen dominate [[trade]] and [[manufacturing]] as a common preoccupation of the populace.
===Hospitals & clinics===
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* Bangued Christian Hospital, Lorben's Hill, Torrijos St., Zone 5 — Private
* Abra Provincial Hospital, Barangay Calaba — Public
* Seares Memorial Clinic, Zone 4 — Private
* Saint James Clinic, Zone 7 — Private
* Saint Jude Clinic, Zone 7 — Private
* Bobila Clinic, Zone 7 — Private
{{div col end}}
* Divine Word College of Bangued, Zone 6 — Private
* [[Abra Valley Colleges]], Zone 4 — Semi-private
* Data Center College of the Phils., Zone 5 — Private
* Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology, Zone 3 — Public
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* Divine Word College of Bangued, Zone 6 — Private
* Abra Valley Colleges, Zone 4 — Private
* Holy Spirit Academy of Bangued, Zone 5 — Private;
* Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology, Zone 3 — Public
* Abra High School, Zone 3 — Public
* Saint Joseph Seminary
* Sacred Heart School of Bangued, Zone 6 — Private
{{div col end}}
Passenger buses, mini-buses, [[jeepney]]s and [[tricycle]]s including cargo are the major means of transportation in the town. Buses, mini-buses and jeepneys ply the longer routes covering the entire province of Abra and out, while tricycles serve only the inner arteries of the municipality's barangays including the adjacent towns of [[Pidigan, Abra|Pidigan]], [[Tayum, Abra|Tayum]] and [[Peñarrubia, Abra|Peñarrubia]] on a chartered ride basis.
There are jeeps that ply from Bangued to [[Narvacan, Ilocos Sur|Narvacan]].
{{reflist|30em}}
* [http://www.bangued.gov.ph/ Municipality of Bangued official website]
* [http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code]
* [http://www.census.gov.ph/ Philippine Census Information]
* [http://www.comelec.gov.ph/results/2007natl_local/local/car/abra_bangued.html 2007 Local Elections]
* [http://citycouncil.vigancity.gov.ph/?p=1002 Sisterhood Tie Up]
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2016-10-10T12:22:56Z
| 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741515816
|
Media literacy education is sometimes conceptualized as a way to address the negative dimensions of [[mass media]], [[Pop culture|popular culture]] and [[digital media]], including [[media violence]], [[Gender stereotypes|gender]] and [[racial stereotypes]], the [[sexualization]] of children, and concerns about [[Identity theft|loss of privacy]], [[cyberbullying]] and [[Internet predator]]s. By building knowledge and competencies in using media and technology, media literacy education may provide a type of protection to children and young people by helping them make good choices in their media consumption habits, and patterns of usage.<ref>Frau-Meigs, D. 2008. Media education: Crossing a mental rubicon.” It will also benefit generations to come in order to function in a technological and media filled world. In Empowerment through media education: An intercultural dialogue, ed. Ulla Carlsson, Samy Tayie, Genevieve Jacqui¬not-Delaunay and Jose Manuel Perez Tornero, (pp. 169 – 180). Goteborg University, Sweden: The International Clearinghouse on Children, Youth and Media, Nordicom in cooperation with UNESCO, Dar Graphit and Mentor Association.</ref>
===Critical Media Literacy===
Critical Media Literacy is defined originally by [[Douglas Kellner]] and Share in "Critical Media Literacy is Not an Option," as "an educational response that expands the notion of literacy to include different forms of mass communication, popular culture, and new technologies. It deepens the potential of literacy education to critically analyze relationships between media and audiences, information, and power. Along with this mainstream analysis, alternative media production empowers students to create their own messages that can challenge media texts and narratives"<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal|last1=Kellner, Share|first1=Douglas, Jeff|title=Critical media literacy is not an option|date=2007|doi=10.1007/s11519-007-0004-2}}</ref>
Critical Media Literacy aims to analyze and understand the power structures that lay within the media and understand the underpinnings of the politics that go into representation of gender, race, class and sexuality in the media.. This approach is different than “media literacy” because it critically works to understand that there are dominant power structures that audiences work to make meaning between the dominant, oppositional and negotiated readings of media.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Within society there are many different ideologies functioning throughout our everyday lives. [[Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)|Stuart Hall]] discusses ideologies to exist around every aspect of life not just functioning separately and isolated, that they are understood by the individual but created collectively, and that they function in our lives as lived truth not just something that one individual made up. Within the context of critical media literacy, this is important to understand because there are believed to be ideologies that govern the makeup of our social institutions, government and every day lived lives and an important way to criticize or make these ideologies known would be to apply critical thinking to media literacy.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hall|first1=Stuart|title=The Whites of Their Eyes, Racist Ideologies and the Media|date=1995|pages=2–22}}</ref>
The benefit to this approach is for audiences to engage with and analyze dominant readings and codes within media; contributing to a better understanding of the world's “social realities”.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Instead of taking an image as it is, the audience can understand the history of the characteristics within the image and make meaning in various ways to understand how a more broad, realistic, audience would interpret and from there learn how to make oppositional media artifacts to provide that alternative reading.
<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Douglas|first1=Kenell|title=Critical media literacy is not an option|date=01/10/2007|pages=3|url=https://pages.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/essays/2007_Kellner-Share_CML-is-not-Option.pdf}}</ref> In "Critical Media Literacy is Not an Option," Critical Media Literacy is defined by Douglas Kellner and Share as an educational response that expands the notion of literacy to include different forms of mass communication, popular culture, and new technologies. It deepens the potential of literacy education to critically analyze relationships between media and audiences, information, and power. Along with this mainstream analysis, alternative media production empowers students to create their own messages that can challenge media texts and narratives. The type of critical media literacy that we propose includes aspects of the three previous Models, but focuses on ideology critique and analyzing the politics of representation of crucial dimensions of gender, race, class, and sexuality; incorporating alternative media production; and expanding textual analysis to include issues of social context, control, resistance, and pleasure.
We often find ourselves using the skills of critical media literacy without even noticing. As a society we are constantly watching television, using social media, reading books, listening to music, etc which allows us to essentially interpret the messages that they are conveying and apply them to ourselves and our lives. By using this strategy, we can use it to contribute to social change and activism. As stated by Douglas Kellner in Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture he says “ The gaining of critical media literacy is an important resource for individuals and citizens in learning how to cope with a seductive cultural environment. Learning how to read, criticize, and resist sociocultural manipulation can help one empower oneself in relation to dominant forms of media and culture.”<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite journal|last1=Kellner|first1=Douglas|title=Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture}}</ref> There are multiple different ways that you can analyze, interpret, and evaluate media texts, specifically critical visual analysis and audience research. Critical visual analysis is different then visual analysis because of its interdisciplinary way of critical analyzing the frame of reference of a visual artifact and the power structures that are embedded in it.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Schroeder|first1=Jonathan E.|title=Critical visual Analysis|date=2006|pages=303–321}}</ref> This is a great way to utilize critical media literacy in the classroom. As for an example of audience research, Kellner says “ Fandoms of all sorts, from Star Trek fans (“Trekkies”/“Trekkers”) to devotees of various soap operas, reality shows, or current highly popular TV series, also form communities that enable them to relate to others who share their interests and hobbies.” <ref name="ReferenceB"/> Audience reception is important within critical media literacy because it offers the understanding that the audience will take in various forms of media and make meaning of them. A viewer is different than the audience because a viewer is just an individual who makes meaning, where the audience is a collective whole.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sturken and Cartwright|title=The Practices of Looking|pages=Ch. 2: Viewers Make Meaning}}</ref> The differences comes into play when one does research using the skills of critical media literacy. In order to understand a piece of media it is absolutely essential to make meaning of the audience and ask questions of who is this targeted at, focused on, and who is viewing it.
===Media Literacy Education as Interventions===
Proponents of media literacy education, such as the National Association for Media Literacy Education, argue that the inclusion of media literacy into school curriculum promotes civic engagement, increases awareness of the power structures inherent in popular media and aids students in gaining the necessary critical and inquiry skills needed in today’s society. Educators have argued for decades that teaching media literacy in the classroom is crucial in shaping critical thinkers, well-informed citizens and conscientious consumers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Core principles of media literacy education in the United States|url=https://namle.net/publications/core-principles|website=National Association for Media Literacy Education|accessdate=7/29/16}}</ref> There is a growing body of research focusing on the impacts of media literacy on students. In an important meta-analysis of more than 50 studies published in the Journal of Communication, media literacy interventions were found to have positive effects on knowledge, criticism, perceived realism, influence, behavioral beliefs, attitudes, self-efficacy, and behavior.<ref>Jeong, S.-H., Cho, H., & Hwang, Y. (2012). Media Literacy Interventions: A Meta-Analytic Review. The Journal of Communication, 62(3), 454–472. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01643.x</ref>
*'''Media Literacy as Student Health Interventions'''
Research suggests that the critical thinking skills that are often the basis of media literacy education can be utilized to decrease substance abuse in adolescents. A correlative study examined the relationship between skills commonly taught in media literacy programs, specifically the ability to critically deconstruct media messages, and adolescent’s intent to use substances.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Scull|first1=T.M.|last2=Kupersmidt|first2=J.B.|last3=Elmore|first3=K.C.|last4=Benson|first4=J.W.|title=Adolescents' media-related cognitions and substance use in the context of parental and peer influences|journal=Adolescents' media-related cognitions and substance use in the context of parental and peer influences|date=2010|volume=39|issue=9|pages=981–98}}</ref> The study found that students who were better able to critically examine and decode media messages reported that they were less likely to use drugs and alcohol in the future. Given that youth exposure to media that features substance use can predict the likelihood of alcohol and drug use,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Atkin|first1=C.|last2=Hocking|first2=J.|last3=Block|first3=M.|title=Teenage Drinking: Does Advertising Make a Difference?|journal=Journal of Communication|date=1984|volume=34|issue=2|pages=157–67|doi=10.1111/j.1460-2466.1984.tb02167.x}}</ref> the findings suggest that media literacy programs may be a valuable tool for preventing harmful adolescent health behavior.
Furthermore, media literacy education has been shown to be a valuable tool in combatting childhood obesity and promoting healthy consumer habits.<ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite journal|last1=Liao|first1=L.|last2=Lai|first2=I.|last3=Chang|first3=L.|last4=Lee|first4=C.|title=Effects of a food advertising literacy intervention on Taiwanese children’s food purchasing behaviors|journal=Health Education Research|date=2016|volume=31|issue=4|pages=509–520}}</ref> 140 fifth grade Taiwanese students participated in a study that examined the effects of a food advertising literacy program on food purchasing habits. Lessons included in the media literacy program introduced marketing strategies surrounding food advertisements, learning how to evaluate the nutritional value of advertised foods and encouraging students to use marketing tactics to promote healthy food among their peers. The results of the study found that compared to students who did not receive the program, students who had completed the food literacy program showed significantly greater improvements in nutritional food knowledge, food purchasing behavior and food advertising literacy. However, after a 1-month follow up students showed a decrease in the above-mentioned categories.
*'''Media Literacy as a Violence-Prevention Strategy'''
Research has been conducted exploring the use of media literacy programs as a violence-prevention strategy.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Webb|first1=T.|last2=Martin|first2=K.|last3=Afifi|first3=A.A|last4=Kraus|first4=J.|title=Media Literacy as a Violence-Prevention Strategy: A Pilot Evaluation|journal=Health Promotion Practice|date=2010|volume=11|issue=5|pages=714–722|doi=10.1177/1524839908328998}}</ref> Results from a study conducted in a Los Angeles high school found that introducing a curriculum aimed at deconstructing violence in the media can significantly increase adolescent’s “critical thinking skills and knowledge about violence in the media and real world.” <ref>{{cite journal|last1=Webb|first1=T.|last2=Martin|first2=K.|last3=Afifi|first3=A.A|last4=Kraus|first4=J.|title=Media Literacy as a Violence-Prevention Strategy: A Pilot Evaluation|journal=Health Promotion Practice|date=2010|volume=11|issue=5|pages=2|doi=10.1177/1524839908328998}}</ref> The study used a self-report survey to compare participant’s knowledge and attitudes surrounding violence pre-intervention and post-intervention. They found that students significantly increased their competency and knowledge of the violence-prevention curriculum Beyond Blame: Challenging Violence in the Media, which was implemented for the intervention. However, participants did not report a significant change in attitude, beliefs and behavior surrounding violence. In this case, knowledge concerning the representation of violence in media did not lead to a direct change in adolescent’s perception of violence, a gap that should be further explored in future studies.
*'''Media Literacy as Gender Stereotype Intervention'''
*'''Media Literacy as an Intervention Promoting Positive Body Image'''
Media literacy can be an effective tool for addressing issues surrounding women’s body image.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Chambers|first1=K.L.|last2=Alexander|first2=S.M.|title=Media Literacy as an Educational Method for Addressing College Women's Body Image Issues|journal=Education|date=2007|volume=127|issue=4|pages=490–497}}</ref> In a study conducted among female college students, participants were shown a 25 minute video that exposes how the advertising industry influences female body image, particularly the messages that certain media texts are sending to viewers about how an ideal woman should look. The study found that participants who watched the video reported greater satisfaction with their body, meaning the difference between their perceived body type and their ideal body type was much smaller compared to those who did not watch the video.
|
2016-09-28T00:29:37Z
|
Media literacy education is sometimes conceptualized as a way to address the negative dimensions of [[mass media]], [[Pop culture|popular culture]] and [[digital media]], including [[media violence]], [[Gender stereotypes|gender]] and [[racial stereotypes]], the [[sexualization]] of children, and concerns about [[Identity theft|loss of privacy]], [[cyberbullying]] and [[Internet predator]]s. By building knowledge and competencies in using media and technology, media literacy education may provide a type of protection to children and young people by helping them make good choices in their media consumption habits, and patterns of usage.<ref>Frau-Meigs, D. 2008. Media education: Crossing a mental rubicon." It will also benefit generations to come in order to function in a technological and media filled world. In Empowerment through media education: An intercultural dialogue, ed. Ulla Carlsson, Samy Tayie, Genevieve Jacqui¬not-Delaunay and Jose Manuel Perez Tornero, (pp. 169 – 180). Goteborg University, Sweden: The International Clearinghouse on Children, Youth and Media, Nordicom in cooperation with UNESCO, Dar Graphit and Mentor Association.</ref>
===Critical media literacy===
Critical media literacy is defined originally by [[Douglas Kellner]] and Share in "Critical Media Literacy is Not an Option," as "an educational response that expands the notion of literacy to include different forms of mass communication, popular culture, and new technologies. It deepens the potential of literacy education to critically analyze relationships between media and audiences, information, and power. Along with this mainstream analysis, alternative media production empowers students to create their own messages that can challenge media texts and narratives."<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal|last1=Kellner, Share|first1=Douglas, Jeff|title=Critical media literacy is not an option|date=2007|doi=10.1007/s11519-007-0004-2}}</ref>
Critical media literacy aims to analyze and understand the power structures that lay within the media and understand the underpinnings of the politics that go into representation of gender, race, class and sexuality in the media.. This approach is different than "media literacy" because it critically works to understand that there are dominant power structures that audiences work to make meaning between the dominant, oppositional and negotiated readings of media.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Within society there are many different ideologies functioning throughout our everyday lives. [[Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)|Stuart Hall]] discusses ideologies to exist around every aspect of life not just functioning separately and isolated, that they are understood by the individual but created collectively, and that they function in our lives as lived truth not just something that one individual made up. Within the context of critical media literacy, this is important to understand because there are believed to be ideologies that govern the makeup of our social institutions, government and every day lived lives and an important way to criticize or make these ideologies known would be to apply critical thinking to media literacy.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hall|first1=Stuart|title=The Whites of Their Eyes, Racist Ideologies and the Media|date=1995|pages=2–22}}</ref>
The benefit to this approach is for audiences to engage with and analyze dominant readings and codes within media; contributing to a better understanding of the world's "social realities".<ref name="ReferenceA"/> Instead of taking an image as it is, the audience can understand the history of the characteristics within the image and make meaning in various ways to understand how a more broad, realistic, audience would interpret and from there learn how to make oppositional media artifacts to provide that alternative reading.
<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Douglas|first1=Kenell|title=Critical media literacy is not an option|date=01/10/2007|pages=3|url=https://pages.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/essays/2007_Kellner-Share_CML-is-not-Option.pdf}}</ref> In "Critical Media Literacy is Not an Option", critical media literacy is defined by Douglas Kellner and Share as an educational response that expands the notion of literacy to include different forms of mass communication, popular culture, and new technologies. It deepens the potential of literacy education to critically analyze relationships between media and audiences, information, and power. Along with this mainstream analysis, alternative media production empowers students to create their own messages that can challenge media texts and narratives. The type of critical media literacy that we propose includes aspects of the three previous Models, but focuses on ideology critique and analyzing the politics of representation of crucial dimensions of gender, race, class, and sexuality; incorporating alternative media production; and expanding textual analysis to include issues of social context, control, resistance, and pleasure.
We often find ourselves using the skills of critical media literacy without even noticing. As a society we are constantly watching television, using social media, reading books, listening to music, etc which allows us to essentially interpret the messages that they are conveying and apply them to ourselves and our lives. By using this strategy, we can use it to contribute to social change and activism. As stated by Douglas Kellner in ''Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture'', "The gaining of critical media literacy is an important resource for individuals and citizens in learning how to cope with a seductive cultural environment. Learning how to read, criticize, and resist sociocultural manipulation can help one empower oneself in relation to dominant forms of media and culture."<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite journal|last1=Kellner|first1=Douglas|title=Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture}}</ref> There are multiple different ways that you can analyze, interpret, and evaluate media texts, specifically critical visual analysis and audience research. Critical visual analysis is different then visual analysis because of its interdisciplinary way of critical analyzing the frame of reference of a visual artifact and the power structures that are embedded in it.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Schroeder|first1=Jonathan E.|title=Critical visual Analysis|date=2006|pages=303–321}}</ref> This is a great way to utilize critical media literacy in the classroom. As for an example of audience research, Kellner says "Fandoms of all sorts, from Star Trek fans ("Trekkies"/"Trekkers") to devotees of various soap operas, reality shows, or current highly popular TV series, also form communities that enable them to relate to others who share their interests and hobbies."<ref name="ReferenceB"/> Audience reception is important within critical media literacy because it offers the understanding that the audience will take in various forms of media and make meaning of them. A viewer is different than the audience because a viewer is just an individual who makes meaning, where the audience is a collective whole.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sturken and Cartwright|title=The Practices of Looking|pages=Ch. 2: Viewers Make Meaning}}</ref> The differences comes into play when one does research using the skills of critical media literacy. In order to understand a piece of media it is absolutely essential to make meaning of the audience and ask questions of who is this targeted at, focused on, and who is viewing it.
===As interventions===
Proponents of media literacy education, such as the National Association for Media Literacy Education, argue that the inclusion of media literacy into school curriculum promotes civic engagement, increases awareness of the power structures inherent in popular media and aids students in gaining the necessary critical and inquiry skills needed in today's society. Educators have argued for decades that teaching media literacy in the classroom is crucial in shaping critical thinkers, well-informed citizens and conscientious consumers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Core principles of media literacy education in the United States|url=https://namle.net/publications/core-principles|website=National Association for Media Literacy Education|accessdate=7/29/16}}</ref> There is a growing body of research focusing on the impacts of media literacy on students. In an important meta-analysis of more than 50 studies published in the Journal of Communication, media literacy interventions were found to have positive effects on knowledge, criticism, perceived realism, influence, behavioral beliefs, attitudes, self-efficacy, and behavior.<ref>Jeong, S.-H., Cho, H., & Hwang, Y. (2012). Media Literacy Interventions: A Meta-Analytic Review. The Journal of Communication, 62(3), 454–472. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01643.x</ref>
====As student health interventions====
Research suggests that the critical thinking skills that are often the basis of media literacy education can be utilized to decrease substance abuse in adolescents. A correlative study examined the relationship between skills commonly taught in media literacy programs, specifically the ability to critically deconstruct media messages, and adolescent's intent to use substances.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Scull|first1=T.M.|last2=Kupersmidt|first2=J.B.|last3=Elmore|first3=K.C.|last4=Benson|first4=J.W.|title=Adolescents' media-related cognitions and substance use in the context of parental and peer influences|journal=Adolescents' media-related cognitions and substance use in the context of parental and peer influences|date=2010|volume=39|issue=9|pages=981–98}}</ref> The study found that students who were better able to critically examine and decode media messages reported that they were less likely to use drugs and alcohol in the future. Given that youth exposure to media that features substance use can predict the likelihood of alcohol and drug use,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Atkin|first1=C.|last2=Hocking|first2=J.|last3=Block|first3=M.|title=Teenage Drinking: Does Advertising Make a Difference?|journal=Journal of Communication|date=1984|volume=34|issue=2|pages=157–67|doi=10.1111/j.1460-2466.1984.tb02167.x}}</ref> the findings suggest that media literacy programs may be a valuable tool for preventing harmful adolescent health behavior.
Furthermore, media literacy education has been shown to be a valuable tool in combatting childhood obesity and promoting healthy consumer habits.<ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite journal|last1=Liao|first1=L.|last2=Lai|first2=I.|last3=Chang|first3=L.|last4=Lee|first4=C.|title=Effects of a food advertising literacy intervention on Taiwanese children's food purchasing behaviors|journal=Health Education Research|date=2016|volume=31|issue=4|pages=509–520}}</ref> 140 fifth grade Taiwanese students participated in a study that examined the effects of a food advertising literacy program on food purchasing habits. Lessons included in the media literacy program introduced marketing strategies surrounding food advertisements, learning how to evaluate the nutritional value of advertised foods and encouraging students to use marketing tactics to promote healthy food among their peers. The results of the study found that compared to students who did not receive the program, students who had completed the food literacy program showed significantly greater improvements in nutritional food knowledge, food purchasing behavior and food advertising literacy. However, after a 1-month follow up students showed a decrease in the above-mentioned categories.
====As a violence-prevention strategy====
Research has been conducted exploring the use of media literacy programs as a violence-prevention strategy.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Webb|first1=T.|last2=Martin|first2=K.|last3=Afifi|first3=A.A|last4=Kraus|first4=J.|title=Media Literacy as a Violence-Prevention Strategy: A Pilot Evaluation|journal=Health Promotion Practice|date=2010|volume=11|issue=5|pages=714–722|doi=10.1177/1524839908328998}}</ref> Results from a study conducted in a Los Angeles high school found that introducing a curriculum aimed at deconstructing violence in the media can significantly increase adolescent's "critical thinking skills and knowledge about violence in the media and real world."<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Webb|first1=T.|last2=Martin|first2=K.|last3=Afifi|first3=A.A|last4=Kraus|first4=J.|title=Media Literacy as a Violence-Prevention Strategy: A Pilot Evaluation|journal=Health Promotion Practice|date=2010|volume=11|issue=5|pages=2|doi=10.1177/1524839908328998}}</ref> The study used a self-report survey to compare participant's knowledge and attitudes surrounding violence pre-intervention and post-intervention. They found that students significantly increased their competency and knowledge of the violence-prevention curriculum Beyond Blame: Challenging Violence in the Media, which was implemented for the intervention. However, participants did not report a significant change in attitude, beliefs and behavior surrounding violence. In this case, knowledge concerning the representation of violence in media did not lead to a direct change in adolescent's perception of violence, a gap that should be further explored in future studies.
====As gender stereotype intervention====
====Promoting positive body image====
Media literacy can be an effective tool for addressing issues surrounding women's body image.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Chambers|first1=K.L.|last2=Alexander|first2=S.M.|title=Media Literacy as an Educational Method for Addressing College Women's Body Image Issues|journal=Education|date=2007|volume=127|issue=4|pages=490–497}}</ref> In a study conducted among female college students, participants were shown a 25 minute video that exposes how the advertising industry influences female body image, particularly the messages that certain media texts are sending to viewers about how an ideal woman should look. The study found that participants who watched the video reported greater satisfaction with their body, meaning the difference between their perceived body type and their ideal body type was much smaller compared to those who did not watch the video.
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2016-09-28T00:33:12Z
| 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744929673
|
According to theologian Hans Urs Von Balthasar, "choice" is the center of the ''Exercises'', and directed to a self-abandonment to God, in choosing God's choice.<ref name=Schindler/> The Exercises “have as their purpose the conquest of self and the regulation of one’s life in such a way that no decision is made under the influence of any inordinate attachment.”
At the heart of Ignatian thought discernment, while on the one hand being an act of [[mysticism]], can also be understood as a method of subjective [[ethical]] thought. The Exercises emphasize the role of one's own discernment in deciding what is the path to glorify God (the right path). Discernment attempts to make a direct connection between the individual's thought and action and the Grace of God. Discernment is thereby an action which emphasizes the mystical experience of the believer. This aspect of the Spiritual Exercises is very much typical of the [[mystical]] trend in [[Catholic]] thought and practice which both preceded the [[reformation]], beginning with the first 12 [[Apostles]], and lived on within elements of counter-reformation Catholicism (e.g., [[Teresa of Ávila|Theresa of Avila]], [[Francis de Sales|François de Sales]], [[Pierre de Bérulle]]).
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2016-10-18T08:53:50Z
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According to the theologian Hans Urs Von Balthasar, "choice" is the center of the ''Exercises'', and they are directed to choosing God's choice, i.e. ultimately to a self-abandonment to God.<ref name=Schindler/> The Exercises “have as their purpose the conquest of self and the regulation of one’s life in such a way that no decision is made under the influence of any inordinate attachment.”
"Discernment" is at the heart of Ignatian thought. Through the process of discernment, the believer is led towards a direct connection between his thought and action, and the Grace of God. As such discernment can be considered a movement toward [[mysticism|mystical]] union with God, and it emphasizes the mystical experience of the believer. This aspect of the Spiritual Exercises would become typical of the [[mystical]] trend in [[Catholic]] thought which flourished during the time of the [[counter-reformation]] (e.g., with [[Teresa of Ávila|Theresa of Avila]], [[Francis de Sales]], and [[Pierre de Bérulle]]). However, while discernment can be understood as a mystical path, can also more prosaically be understood as a method of subjective [[ethical]] thought. The Exercises emphasize the role of one's own mental faculties in deciding what is right and wrong.
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2016-10-18T09:03:04Z
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Kopay attended [[Notre Dame High School (Sherman Oaks, California)|Notre Dame High School]] in [[Sherman Oaks, California|Sherman Oaks]], [[California]]. He entered the [[University of Washington]] in 1961. He was on the West roster as a halfback at the [[All-America]] East vs. West Football Game in 1964.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=All-America Football Game program|volume=4th Annual|page=16|doi=June 27, 1964}}</ref> He was signed by the [[San Francisco]] [[San Francisco 49ers|49ers]]. He played professional football from 1964 to 1972. After he retired from the NFL, he was considered a top contender for coaching positions, but he believes he was snubbed by professional and college teams because of his sexual orientation.<ref name="Adkins">{{cite news|url=http://www.advocate.com/commentary/2013/08/29/op-ed-what-happened-when-i-met-dave-kopay|title=Op-ed: What Happened When I Met Dave Kopay|last=Adkins|first=Jeremie|date=20 August 2013|work=[[The Advocate]]|accessdate=29 August 2013|quote=[Kopay] wrote a book about coming out and he got blacklisted by everyone and couldn't get work in the industry anymore and it was kinda sad, but he went on to work for his family flooring business.}}</ref> He went to work as a salesman/purchaser in his uncle's floorcovering business in [[Hollywood, California|Hollywood]]. He is also a board member of the [[Gay and Lesbian Athletics Foundation]].
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2016-09-25T14:16:14Z
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Kopay attended [[Notre Dame High School (Sherman Oaks, California)|Notre Dame High School]] in [[Sherman Oaks, California|Sherman Oaks]], [[California]]. He entered the [[University of Washington]] in 1961. He was on the West roster as a halfback at the [[All-America]] East vs. West Football Game in 1964.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=All-America Football Game program|volume=4th Annual|page=16|date=June 27, 1964}}</ref> He was signed by the [[San Francisco]] [[San Francisco 49ers|49ers]]. He played professional football from 1964 to 1972. After he retired from the NFL, he was considered a top contender for coaching positions, but he believes he was snubbed by professional and college teams because of his sexual orientation.<ref name="Adkins">{{cite news|url=http://www.advocate.com/commentary/2013/08/29/op-ed-what-happened-when-i-met-dave-kopay|title=Op-ed: What Happened When I Met Dave Kopay|last=Adkins|first=Jeremie|date=20 August 2013|work=[[The Advocate]]|accessdate=29 August 2013|quote=[Kopay] wrote a book about coming out and he got blacklisted by everyone and couldn't get work in the industry anymore and it was kinda sad, but he went on to work for his family flooring business.}}</ref> He went to work as a salesman/purchaser in his uncle's floorcovering business in [[Hollywood, California|Hollywood]]. He is also a board member of the [[Gay and Lesbian Athletics Foundation]].
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'''Parker Otto Ackley''' (May 25, 1903, [[Granville, New York]] – August 23, 1989)<ref>[http://www.deseretnews.com/article/61213/ Deseret News | SERVICES PLANNED MONDAY FOR GUNSMITH PARKER ACKLEY].</ref> was a prolific American [[gunsmith]], author, columnist, and [[wildcat cartridge]] developer. The '''Ackley Improved''' family of wildcat cartridges are designed to be easily made by rechambering existing firearms, and fireforming the ammunition to decrease body taper and increase shoulder angle, resulting in a higher case capacity. Ackley improved not only standard cartridges, but also other popular wildcats, and was the first to create a .17 caliber (4.5 mm) centerfire cartridge.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.gunsandammomag.com/classics/bomb_1007/ |title=.17-Caliber Ultra Bomb! |author=Dave Moreton |date=May 1968 |journal=Guns & Ammo |format=– <sup>[http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=intitle%3A.17-Caliber+Ultra+Bomb%21&as_publication=Guns+%26+Ammo&as_ylo=1968&as_yhi=1968&btnG=Search Scholar search]</sup> |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071228023724/http://www.gunsandammomag.com/classics/bomb_1007/ |archivedate=December 28, 2007 }}</ref>
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2016-10-13T12:43:49Z
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'''Parker Otto Ackley''' (May 25, 1903, [[Granville, New York]] – August 23, 1989)<ref>[http://www.deseretnews.com/article/61213/ Deseret News | SERVICES PLANNED MONDAY FOR GUNSMITH PARKER ACKLEY].</ref> was an American [[gunsmith]], author, columnist, and [[wildcat cartridge]] developer. The '''Ackley Improved''' family of wildcat cartridges are designed to be easily made by rechambering existing firearms, and fireforming the ammunition to decrease body taper and increase shoulder angle, resulting in a higher case capacity. Ackley improved not only standard cartridges, but also other popular wildcats, and was the first to create a .17 caliber (4.5 mm) centerfire cartridge.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.gunsandammomag.com/classics/bomb_1007/ |title=.17-Caliber Ultra Bomb! |author=Dave Moreton |date=May 1968 |journal=Guns & Ammo |format=– <sup>[http://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=intitle%3A.17-Caliber+Ultra+Bomb%21&as_publication=Guns+%26+Ammo&as_ylo=1968&as_yhi=1968&btnG=Search Scholar search]</sup> |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071228023724/http://www.gunsandammomag.com/classics/bomb_1007/ |archivedate=December 28, 2007 }}</ref>
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The river was the highway of the native [[Mohawk people]]. the [[Mohawk language|Mohawk]] name for the river was ''Tenonanatche'', "A river flowing through a mountain"<ref>{{cite book|last1=Schoolcraft|first1=Henry Rowe|title=Notes on the Iroquois|date=1847|publisher=Erastus H. Pease & Company|location=Albany|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fkliAAAAcAAJ|accessdate=Oct 7, 2016}}</ref>{{rp|p.71}} (or ''Yenonanatche'', "going round a mountain").
The first recorded European exploration of the Mohawk was a trip by the Dutchman Harman Meyndertsz van den Bogaert in 1634. He followed the river upstream from Albany for a distance of 100 miles, including all the territory of the Mohawks.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Snow|first1=Dean R.|last2=Gehring|first2=Charles T.|last3=Starna|first3=William A.|title=In Mohawk Country|date=1996|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=0-8156-2723-8|pages=xix–xx|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1tbXzVpHtMsC|accessdate=October 11, 2016}}</ref>
In 1661 Dutch colonists founded the city of [[Schenectady]] on the Mohawk River approximately {{convert|19|mi|km}} from Albany. "For fifty years Schenectady was the outpost of civilization and Dutch-English rule in the Mohawk valley."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Greene|first1=Nelson|title=The Old Mohawk-Turnpike Book|date=1924|publisher=Mohawk Valley Historical Association|url=http://fulton.nygenweb.net/Turnpike/Turnpike.html|accessdate=Oct 12, 2016}}</ref>
===Watershed management===
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===Early exploration and settlement===
The river was the highway of the native [[Mohawk people]]. the [[Mohawk language|Mohawk]] name for the river was ''Tenonanatche'', "A river flowing through a mountain"<ref>{{cite book|last1=Schoolcraft|first1=Henry Rowe|title=Notes on the Iroquois|date=1847|publisher=Erastus H. Pease & Company|location=Albany|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fkliAAAAcAAJ|accessdate=Oct 7, 2016}}</ref>{{rp|p.71}} (or ''Yenonanatche'', "going round a mountain").
The first recorded European exploration of the Mohawk was a trip by the Dutchman Harman Meyndertsz van den Bogaert in 1634. He followed the river upstream from Albany for a distance of 100 miles, including all the territory of the Mohawks.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Snow|first1=Dean R.|last2=Gehring|first2=Charles T.|last3=Starna|first3=William A.|title=In Mohawk Country|date=1996|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=0-8156-2723-8|pages=xix–xx|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1tbXzVpHtMsC|accessdate=October 11, 2016}}</ref>
In 1661 Dutch colonists founded the city of [[Schenectady]] on the Mohawk River approximately {{convert|19|mi|km}} from Albany. "For fifty years Schenectady was the outpost of civilization and Dutch-English rule in the Mohawk valley."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Greene|first1=Nelson|title=The Old Mohawk-Turnpike Book|date=1924|publisher=Mohawk Valley Historical Association|url=http://fulton.nygenweb.net/Turnpike/Turnpike.html|accessdate=Oct 12, 2016}}</ref>
==Watershed management==
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The free-flowing northwest leg of Anthony Henday Drive from Yellowhead Trail in the west to Manning Drive in the northeast opened on November 1, 2011.<ref name=NWlegopen/> An estimated 40,000 motorists use Anthony Henday Drive daily.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://edmonton.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20111011/EDm_henday_111011/20111011/?hub=EdmontonHome |title=Henday will be done by Nov 1: Province |author=Earle, Jessica |publisher=ctvedmonton.ca |date=October 11, 2011 |accessdate=October 18, 2011}}</ref> Upon completion in 2016, Anthony Henday Drive will be Canada's first free-flowing orbital road.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fortsaskatchewanrecord.com/2013/08/15/a-year-of-henday-construction-done |title=A year of Henday construction done |author=Taylor, Aaron |work=Fort Saskatchewan Record |publisher=Sun Media |date=August 15, 2013 |accessdate=September 15, 2013}}</ref>
The Alberta provincial government developed the ring road plan during the 1970s and purchased the land for this purpose. This encircling land became known as the '''Transportation and Utility Corridor''', ("utilities" being both overhead high-voltage transmission lines, and underground gas and oil pipelines), TUC for short on engineering drawings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.infrastructure.alberta.ca/TUCContent/Infoe.pdf |title=Transportation/Utility Corridors |year=2009 |publisher=Government of Alberta |accessdate=May 25, 2012}}</ref>
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2016-10-01T04:13:07Z
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The free-flowing northwest leg Yellowhead Trail in the west to Manning Drive in the northeast opened on November 1, 2011.<ref name=NWlegopen/> At its busiest point in West Edmonton, Anthony Henday Drive sees over 105,000 [[Annual average daily traffic|vehicles per day]].<ref name=aadt>{{Cite web|url=http://www.transportation.alberta.ca/Content/docType181/production/Traffic%20Volume%20History%202006-2015.pdf |title=Alberta Highways 1 to 986 - Traffic Volume History 2006 - 2015|publisher=Alberta Transportation|page=101}}</ref>
Upon completion in 2016, Anthony Henday Drive will be Canada's first free-flowing orbital road.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fortsaskatchewanrecord.com/2013/08/15/a-year-of-henday-construction-done |title=A year of Henday construction done |author=Taylor, Aaron |work=Fort Saskatchewan Record |publisher=Sun Media |date=August 15, 2013 |accessdate=September 15, 2013}}</ref>
The Alberta provincial government developed the ring road plan during the 1970s and purchased the land for this purpose. This encircling land became known as the Transportation and Utility Corridor, ("utilities" being both overhead high-voltage transmission lines, and underground gas and oil pipelines), TUC for short on engineering drawings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.infrastructure.alberta.ca/TUCContent/Infoe.pdf |title=Transportation/Utility Corridors |year=2009 |publisher=Government of Alberta |accessdate=May 25, 2012}}</ref>
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{{Unreferenced stub|auto=yes|date=December 2009}}
'''Raffingora''' is a small town in the province of [[Mashonaland West]], [[Zimbabwe]]. It is located about 45km north-east of [[Chinhoyi]] in one of Zimbabwe's leading [[tobacco]] growing districts. This is where academic social scientist on gender, sex and sexuality Ngonidzashe Kamhozo has done so many studies about the current trends of HIV and the spread of STIs among the youth in the area and has recommended that the government and its stakeholders in health implement measures in the area that promote the reduction of the spread of HIV AIDS and STIs. Youth in this densely populated area engage in potentially risk sexual behavior to evade their economic woes. Raffingora is characterized by prostitution and gossip with no major commercial economic activities.
It is very rich in fertile land that produces some of the best Tobacco in the country and also has [[maize]] fields and other [[crops]].
It falls in the Zvimba North [[Political]] [[District]] and the current [[Member of Parliament]] (2013-2018) is [[cde]] [[Ignatius Chombo]] who is also a [[cabinet Minister]].
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2014-09-01T11:13:45Z
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{{stub|auto=yes|date=December 2009}}
'''Raffingora''' is a small town in the province of [[Mashonaland West]], [[Zimbabwe]]. It is located about 45km north-east of [[Chinhoyi]] in one of Zimbabwe's leading [[tobacco]] growing districts.
It falls in the Zvimba North [[Political]] [[District]] and the current [[Member of Parliament]] (2013-2018) is [[cde]] [[Ignatius Chombo]] who is also a [[cabinet Minister]]. <ref name="gazette">{{cite web|last1=Mangirazi|first1=Nhau|title=Zimbabwe: Politics Retards Raffingora|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201512180976.html|website=Financial Gazette (Harare)|date=18 December 2015}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
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In February 2010, the US MDA and Boeing jointly tested the speed, precision and breakthrough potential of directed energy weapons deployed in the ABL test bed.<ref name="ABL"/> In 2010, the ALTB successfully knocked a “threat representative” missile out of flight from a distance of 50 miles. This resulted in the program receiving an additional $40 million in funding even though the Secretary of Defense himself admitted it wasn’t realistic. However, in that same year the device failed two tests in a row. In 2011 funding was eliminated as the program was eight years behind schedule and it had a staggeringly large budget of $500 million per year.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20120501190811/http://theintelhub.com/2012/02/22/airborne-laser-program-dumped-after-16-years-and-billions-spent-in-development/ Airborne Laser Program Dumped After 16 Years and Billions Spent in Development] </ref>
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2016-05-10T21:40:31Z
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In February 2010, the US MDA and Boeing jointly tested the speed, precision and breakthrough potential of directed energy weapons deployed in the ABL test bed.<ref name="ABL"/> In 2010, the ALTB successfully knocked a “threat representative” missile out of flight from a distance of 50 miles. This resulted in the program receiving an additional $40 million in funding even though the Secretary of Defense himself admitted it wasn’t realistic. However, in that same year the device failed two tests in a row. In 2011 funding was eliminated as the program was eight years behind schedule and it had a staggeringly large budget of $500 million per year.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120501190811/http://theintelhub.com/2012/02/22/airborne-laser-program-dumped-after-16-years-and-billions-spent-in-development/ Airborne Laser Program Dumped After 16 Years and Billions Spent in Development] </ref>
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Davis was commissioned by the by the [[Central City Opera|Central City Opera Association]] to paint a series of paintings for the [[Central City Opera House]];<ref name="RMN bio">{{cite news | url=http://denver.rockymountainnews.com/denverpressclub/archive/people.herndon.davis.html | title=People - Herndon Davis | newspaper=Rocky Mountain News | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930210132/http://denver.rockymountainnews.com/denverpressclub/archive/people.herndon.davis.html | archivedate=September 30, 2007 | accessdate=October 4, 2016}}</ref> he was also requested to do some work at the Teller House in [[Central City, Colorado|Central City]]. While staying at Teller House, and on a whim, he painted ''[[The Face on the Barroom Floor (painting)|The Face on the Barroom Floor]]''. The mural painted on the floor of the hotel's bar, now named The Face, is believed to depict his wife,<ref name="RMN bio" /><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.denverpost.com/2016/04/15/noel-forgotten-artist-herndon-davis-haunting-face/ | title=Noel: Forgotten artist Herndon Davis’ haunting face | author=Tom Noel | date=April 21, 2016 | accessdate=October 5, 2016 }}</ref> and it may have been inspired by the poem "[[The Face upon the Barroom Floor]]" by [[Hugh Antoine d'Arcy]].<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.5280.com/cultureandevents/digital/2015/03/only-colorado-face-barroom-floor | title=Only in Colorado: The Face on the Barroom Floor|work=The first in a new 5280 series that covers the places, people, and activities that epitomize our state |publisher=5280 Magazine | author=Terri Cook | date=March 31, 2015 | accessdate=October 4, 2016 }}</ref> That episode led to the artist and journalist to being called “that drunk who painted the face on the barroom floor”, according to authors Tom Noel and Craig Leavitt.<ref name="DAM">{{cite web | url=http://denverartmuseum.org/calendar/herndon-davis-painting-colorado-history-1901-1962 | title=Herndon Davis: Painting Colorado History, 1901-1962 | publisher=Denver Art Museum | accessdate=October 5, 2016 }}</ref>
Some of his paintings of notable people and places, like the painting of Dr. [[Frederick J. Bancroft]]'s farmhouse made in 1941,<ref name="Leavitt">{{cite book|author1=Craig Leavitt|author2=Thomas J. Noel|title=Herndon Davis: Painting Colorado History, 1901–1962|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JaLnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA180|date=15 February 2016|publisher=University Press of Colorado|isbn=978-1-60732-420-1|page=xi, 180}}</ref> are displayed at the Western History section of the [[Denver Public Library]]. The book '' Herndon Davis: Painting Colorado History, 1901–1962'' was released in conjunction of an exhibition of his work at the Denver Public Library.<ref name="Leavitt p. xi">{{cite book|author1=Craig Leavitt|author2=Thomas J. Noel|title=Herndon Davis: Painting Colorado History, 1901–1962|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JaLnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PAxi|date=15 February 2016|publisher=University Press of Colorado|isbn=978-1-60732-420-1|page=xi}}</ref> There was also an exhibit, in conjunction with the book, in 2016 at the [[Denver Art Museum]].<ref name="DAM" />
Davis created a wash drawing of the notorious House of Mirrors brothel, that later became a Buddhist temple. It was used as an illustration in [[Caroline Bancroft]]'s ''Six Racy Madams of Colorado.''<ref name="Bancroft">{{cite book|author=Caroline Bancroft|title=Six Racy Madams of Colorado|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=llyQIKMGrfgC&pg=PA33|year=1965|publisher=Big Earth Publishing|isbn=978-0-933472-22-8|page=31-33}}</ref> His illustration of [[Ellen Watson|Ella "Cattle Kate" Watson]] was used for ''Red Light Women of the Rocky Mountain'' by Jan MacKell.<ref name="MacKell">{{cite book|author=Jan MacKell|title=Red Light Women of the Rocky Mountains|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=n89L2_Z6misC&pg=PA360|date=12 October 2011|publisher=UNM Press|isbn=978-0-8263-4612-4|page=360}}</ref> Davis painted a portrait of [[Josiah Gregg]] (1806-1850) between 1950 and 1962, which is in the collection of [[Palace of the Governors]], a New Mexico History Museum.<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://npg.si.edu/object/npg_10175.45 | title=Josiah Gregg | publisher=National Portrait Gallery | accessdate=October 4, 2016 }}</ref>
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Davis was commissioned by the by the [[Central City Opera|Central City Opera Association]] to paint a series of paintings for the [[Central City Opera House]];<ref name="RMN bio">{{cite news | url=http://denver.rockymountainnews.com/denverpressclub/archive/people.herndon.davis.html | title=People - Herndon Davis | newspaper=Rocky Mountain News | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930210132/http://denver.rockymountainnews.com/denverpressclub/archive/people.herndon.davis.html | archivedate=September 30, 2007 | accessdate=October 4, 2016}}</ref> he was also requested to do some work at the Teller House in [[Central City, Colorado|Central City]]. While staying at Teller House, and on a whim, he painted ''[[The Face on the Barroom Floor (painting)|The Face on the Barroom Floor]]''. The mural painted on the floor of the hotel's bar, now named The Face,<ref name="RMN bio" /><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.denverpost.com/2016/04/15/noel-forgotten-artist-herndon-davis-haunting-face/ | title=Noel: Forgotten artist Herndon Davis’ haunting face | author=Tom Noel | date=April 21, 2016 | accessdate=October 5, 2016 }}</ref> was confirmed to be his wife after her death.<ref name="Four artists">{{cite news | url=http://www.denverpost.com/2016/04/21/four-western-artists-who-continue-to-inspire/ | title=Four Western artists who continue to inspire | author=Sandra Dallas and Special to The Denver Post | publisher=The Denver Post | date=April 22, 2016 |accessdate=October 5, 2016 }}</ref> It thought to have been inspired by the poem "[[The Face upon the Barroom Floor]]" by [[Hugh Antoine d'Arcy]].<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.5280.com/cultureandevents/digital/2015/03/only-colorado-face-barroom-floor | title=Only in Colorado: The Face on the Barroom Floor|work=The first in a new 5280 series that covers the places, people, and activities that epitomize our state |publisher=5280 Magazine | author=Terri Cook | date=March 31, 2015 | accessdate=October 4, 2016 }}</ref> That episode led to the artist and journalist to being called “that drunk who painted the face on the barroom floor”, according to authors Tom Noel and Craig Leavitt.<ref name="DAM">{{cite web | url=http://denverartmuseum.org/calendar/herndon-davis-painting-colorado-history-1901-1962 | title=Herndon Davis: Painting Colorado History, 1901-1962 | publisher=Denver Art Museum | accessdate=October 5, 2016 }}</ref>
{{quote box|align=right|width=40%|quote=The Herndon Davis Collection in our Western History and Genealogy Department is one of our most prized treasures. Anyone dealing with major characters and/or notable buildings in Colorado should check into Davis’s portraits and paintings of notable sites. In some cases Davis provides the only extant image of certain people and places. In hundreds of colorful paintings and drawings he adds impressively to our portrait gallery.|author=James X. Kroll, Manager, Western History and Genealogy Department, Denver Public Library<ref>{{cite web | url=http://upcolorado.com/university-press-of-colorado/item/2736-herndon-davis|title=Herndon Davis: Painting Colorado History, 1901–1962 | author=Craig Leavitt and Thomas J. Noel|publisher=Up Colorado | accessdate=October 5, 2016 }}</ref>
Some of his paintings of notable people and places, like the painting of Dr. [[Frederick J. Bancroft]]'s farmhouse made in 1941,<ref name="Leavitt">{{cite book|author1=Craig Leavitt|author2=Thomas J. Noel|title=Herndon Davis: Painting Colorado History, 1901–1962|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JaLnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA180|date=15 February 2016|publisher=University Press of Colorado|isbn=978-1-60732-420-1|page=xi, 180}}</ref> are displayed at the Western History section of the [[Denver Public Library]]. The book '' Herndon Davis: Painting Colorado History, 1901–1962'' was released in conjunction of an exhibition of his work at the Denver Public Library.<ref name="Leavitt p. xi">{{cite book|author1=Craig Leavitt|author2=Thomas J. Noel|title=Herndon Davis: Painting Colorado History, 1901–1962|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JaLnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PAxi|date=15 February 2016|publisher=University Press of Colorado|isbn=978-1-60732-420-1|page=xi}}</ref> There was also an exhibit, in conjunction with the book, in 2016 at the [[Denver Art Museum]].<ref name="DAM" /> Among the notable subjects of his portraits were Governor [[Ralph Lawrence Carr]] and actress [[Katharine Hepburn]]. He also painted [[santo]]s.<ref name="Four artists" /> Davis painted a portrait of [[Josiah Gregg]] (1806-1850) between 1950 and 1962, which is in the collection of [[Palace of the Governors]], a New Mexico History Museum.<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://npg.si.edu/object/npg_10175.45 | title=Josiah Gregg | publisher=National Portrait Gallery | accessdate=October 4, 2016 }}</ref>
Davis created a wash drawing of the notorious House of Mirrors brothel, that later became a Buddhist temple. It was used as an illustration in [[Caroline Bancroft]]'s ''Six Racy Madams of Colorado.''<ref name="Bancroft">{{cite book|author=Caroline Bancroft|title=Six Racy Madams of Colorado|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=llyQIKMGrfgC&pg=PA33|year=1965|publisher=Big Earth Publishing|isbn=978-0-933472-22-8|page=31-33}}</ref> His illustration of [[Ellen Watson|Ella "Cattle Kate" Watson]] was used for ''Red Light Women of the Rocky Mountain'' by Jan MacKell.<ref name="MacKell">{{cite book|author=Jan MacKell|title=Red Light Women of the Rocky Mountains|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=n89L2_Z6misC&pg=PA360|date=12 October 2011|publisher=UNM Press|isbn=978-0-8263-4612-4|page=360}}</ref>
Davis captured realistic images of Denver's landmarks, generally in watercolor, some of which no longer exist. Once considered the "Delmonico of the West" the Charpiot's Hotel had become a "shabby apartment building with seedy storefronts with old cars lined up in front of it." He captured the "tattered" nature of what had once been the "elegant" Arcade Saloon, a gambling hall located on Larimer. Other places that Davis captured were the Palace Variety Theatre and Grayson's store and other 16th buildings in Eugene Field Alley. The ''Rocky Mountain News'' published an article, with commentary provided by Joe Emerson Smith, in the 1940s about his paintings of landmarks. He captures the mansions of [[William Byers]] and [[Ed Chase]].<ref name="Four artists" /><ref name="Bretz">{{cite book|author=James Bretz|title=The Mansions of Denver: The Vintage Years|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=AO5-0H9oAXEC&pg=PA18|year=2005|publisher=Pruett Publishing|isbn=978-0-87108-937-3|pages=173–174, 18}}</ref>
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On September 15, 2016, the Southern Nevada Tourism Infrastructure Committee unanimously voted to approve and recommend $750 million for the Las Vegas stadium plan. Then on October 11, 2016, the [[Nevada State Senate]] voted 16-5 to approve the stadium funding bill and convention center expansion three days later on October 14 the [[Nevada Assembly]] voted to approve funding for the stadium 28-13. Governor Brian Sandoval is expected to sign the stadium funding bill.
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2016-10-15T02:50:04Z
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On September 15, 2016, the Southern Nevada Tourism Infrastructure Committee unanimously voted to approve and recommend $750 million for the Las Vegas stadium plan. Then on October 11, 2016, the [[Nevada State Senate]] voted 16-5 to approve the stadium funding bill and convention center expansion three days later on October 14 the [[Nevada Assembly]] voted to approve funding for the stadium 28-13. Governor [[Brian Sandoval]] is expected to sign the stadium funding bill.
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| writer = '''Story:''' Jim Gray<br/>'''Teleplay:''' Jim Gray & [[John Shiban]]
| date = {{Start date|2011|07|29|df=y}} (US)<br>4 August 2011 (UK)
Dr. Vera Juarez and several doctors visit an abandoned hospital that is being used to handle the extra surplus of patients but much to Vera's frustration, the plan is a failure as there are too many patients admitted to the hospital and they don't have enough equipment to handle them. Meanwhile, Ellis Hartley Monroe, a mayor and member of the [[Tea Party movement|Tea Party]], starts a campaign called "Dead is Dead", which aims to segregate the undying from the public until death finally comes for them. Oswald, Jilly and PhiCorp do not like this since her popularity might derail Oswald's and threaten PhiCorp's plans. When Ellis makes a speech near the hospital where the extra patients are being sent, Oswald makes a bold move by entering the hospital and meeting the patients there, thus making the press immediately focus on him. Inside, Oswald tells the patients that they all deserve equal medical treatment and that people like Ellis are trying to take their rights away from them as they don't consider them human anymore. He promises to fight on their behalf and instantly the patients, the press and the public call Oswald a hero, much to Ellis's frustration. The secret organization that controls PhiCorp drugs Ellis and when she comes to she is tied up and gagged in her car. She is in a car compactor, where they tell her "The Families" will eliminate anyone who poses a threat to them before her car is crushed in the compactor, trapping Ellis inside.
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2016-06-14T11:11:05Z
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| writer = '''Story:''' Jim Gray<br />'''Teleplay:''' Jim Gray & [[John Shiban]]
| date = {{Start date|2011|07|29|df=y}} (US)<br />4 August 2011 (UK)
Dr. Vera Juarez and several doctors visit an abandoned hospital that is being used to handle the extra surplus of patients but much to Vera's frustration, the plan is a failure as there are too many patients admitted to the hospital and they don't have enough equipment to handle them. Meanwhile, Ellis Hartley Monroe, a mayor and member of the [[Tea Party movement|Tea Party]], starts a campaign called "Dead is Dead", which aims to segregate the undying from the public until death finally comes for them. Oswald, Jilly and PhiCorp do not like this since her popularity might derail Oswald's and threaten PhiCorp's plans. When Ellis makes a speech near the hospital where the extra patients are being sent, Oswald makes a bold move by entering the hospital and meeting the patients there, thus making the press immediately focus on him. Inside, Oswald tells the patients that they all deserve equal medical treatment and that people like Ellis are trying to take their rights away from them as they don't consider them human anymore. He promises to fight on their behalf and instantly the patients, the press and the public call Oswald a hero, much to Ellis's frustration. The secret organization that controls PhiCorp drugs Ellis and when she comes to she is tied up and gagged in her car. She is in a car compactor, where they tell her "The Families" will eliminate anyone who poses a threat to them before her car is crushed in the compactor, trapping Ellis inside.<ref>[http://www.gamesradar.com/torchwood-miracle-day-e2809cescape-to-lae2809d-tv-review/ "Torchwood: Miracle Day Escape To LA TV REVIEW"]. ''GamesRadar'', By Dave Golder August 05, 2011</ref>
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2016-10-23T17:43:15Z
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745522054
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*{{External link|url=https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.2925149122254.139983.1066660939&type=3|name=German Masters 2012: Qualifs Day 1 pictures by MoniqueLimbos|site=[[Facebook]]}}
*{{External link|url=https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.2932272260328.140077.1066660939&type=3|name=German Masters 2012: Qualifs Day 2 pictures by MoniqueLimbos|site=[[Facebook]]}}
*{{External link|url=https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.2940285100644.140215.1066660939&type=3|name=German Masters 2012: Main Day 1 pictures by MoniqueLimbos|site=[[Facebook]]}}
*{{External link|url=https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.2946226969187.140330.1066660939&type=3|name=German Masters 2012: Main Day 2 pictures by MoniqueLimbos|site=[[Facebook]]}}
*{{External link|url=https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.2953560432519.140457.1066660939&type=3|name=German Masters 2012: Main Day 3 pictures by MoniqueLimbos|site=[[Facebook]]}}
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2016-09-23T17:44:21Z
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*[https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.2925149122254.139983.1066660939&type=3 German Masters 2012: Qualifs Day 1 pictures by MoniqueLimbos] at [[Facebook]]
*[https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.2932272260328.140077.1066660939&type=3 German Masters 2012: Qualifs Day 2 pictures by MoniqueLimbos] at [[Facebook]]
*[https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.2940285100644.140215.1066660939&type=3 German Masters 2012: Main Day 1 pictures by MoniqueLimbos] at [[Facebook]]
*[https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.2946226969187.140330.1066660939&type=3 German Masters 2012: Main Day 2 pictures by MoniqueLimbos] at [[Facebook]]
*[https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.2953560432519.140457.1066660939&type=3 German Masters 2012: Main Day 3 pictures by MoniqueLimbos] at [[Facebook]]
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2016-10-21T16:36:36Z
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=746239495
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The term '''"soft law"''' refers to quasi-legal instruments which do not have any legally binding force, or whose binding force is somewhat "weaker" than the binding force of traditional
=== Definition of soft law ===
=== Status of soft law ===
=== Utility of soft law ===
== Using care with reliance on soft law ==
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2016-10-19T21:01:18Z
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The term "'''soft law'''" refers to quasi-legal instruments which do not have any legally binding force, or whose binding force is somewhat "weaker" than the binding force of traditional
=== Definition ===
=== Status ===
=== Utility ===
== Using care with reliance ==
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2016-10-26T04:11:37Z
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741765067
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The battery was formed as 269 (West Riding) Observation Post Battery Royal Artillery (Volunteers) in April 1975 at [[Leeds]] from a cadre of the [[West Riding Artillery|West Riding Regiment RA (Territorials)]].<ref name=history>{{cite web|url=http://www.win.tue.nl/~drenth/BritArmy/Lineage/RA/#106rra|title=Royal Regiment of Artillery, Volunteer Regiments|accessdate=21 April 2014}}</ref> Its role was to provide observation teams to support [[1st Armoured Division (United Kingdom)|1st Armoured Division]] and [[2nd Armoured Division (United Kingdom)|2nd Armoured Division]] in [[Germany]]. In 1989 the battery re-roled to the [[L118 light gun|105 mm light gun]] and in 1993 it joined [[19th Regiment Royal Artillery]], a regular regiment in [[24th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)|24 Airmobile Brigade]]. In July 1999 it re-roled as an air defence battery equipped with the [[Rapier (missile)|Rapier]] [[surface-to-air missile]] system within [[106th (Yeomanry) Regiment Royal Artillery]].<ref name=history/> In 2006 it transferred to [[101st (Northumbrian) Regiment Royal Artillery]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/vols-tavr/art-eng-sig/ra101.htm |date=February 2016 |title=101st (Northumbrian) Regiment |accessdate=21 April 2014 |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218045335/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/vols-tavr/art-eng-sig/ra101.htm |archivedate=18 December 2007 }}</ref> where it was given a [[Surveillance and Target Acquisition]] role.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/artillery/regiments/32900.aspx|title=101 Regiment Batteries|accessdate=21 April 2014}}</ref> Under [[Future of the British Army (Army 2020)|Army 2020]], it is re-roling to the [[M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System]].<ref>[http://www.army.mod.uk/documents/general/Army2020_Report.pdf Army 2020 Report, page 12]</ref>
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2016-08-29T22:16:58Z
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The battery was formed as 269 (West Riding) Observation Post Battery Royal Artillery (Volunteers) in April 1975 at [[Leeds]] from a cadre of the [[West Riding Artillery|West Riding Regiment RA (Territorials)]].<ref name=history>{{cite web|url=http://www.win.tue.nl/~drenth/BritArmy/Lineage/RA/#106rra|title=Royal Regiment of Artillery, Volunteer Regiments|accessdate=21 April 2014}}</ref> Its role was to provide observation teams to support [[1st Armoured Division (United Kingdom)|1st Armoured Division]] and [[2nd Armoured Division (United Kingdom)|2nd Armoured Division]] in [[Germany]]. In 1989 the battery re-roled to the [[L118 light gun|105 mm light gun]] and in 1993 it joined [[19th Regiment Royal Artillery]], a regular regiment in [[24th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)|24 Airmobile Brigade]]. In July 1999 it re-roled as an air defence battery equipped with the [[Rapier (missile)|Rapier]] [[surface-to-air missile]] system within [[106th (Yeomanry) Regiment Royal Artillery]].<ref name=history/> In 2006 it transferred to [[101st (Northumbrian) Regiment Royal Artillery]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/vols-tavr/art-eng-sig/ra101.htm |date=February 2016 |title=101st (Northumbrian) Regiment |accessdate=21 April 2014 |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071218045335/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/vols-tavr/art-eng-sig/ra101.htm |archivedate=18 December 2007 }}</ref> where it was given a [[Surveillance and Target Acquisition]] role.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/artillery/regiments/32900.aspx |title=101 Regiment Batteries |accessdate=21 April 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422231958/https://www.army.mod.uk/artillery/regiments/32900.aspx |archivedate=22 April 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref> Under [[Future of the British Army (Army 2020)|Army 2020]], it is re-roling to the [[M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System]].<ref>[http://www.army.mod.uk/documents/general/Army2020_Report.pdf Army 2020 Report, page 12] {{wayback|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/documents/general/Army2020_Report.pdf |date=20140610215557 |df=y }}</ref>
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2016-09-29T14:41:38Z
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745735859
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Two different [[File_system|file systems]] with the name NVMFS exist:
* A file system created by Sheng Qiu and A. L. Narasimha Reddy from the Texas A&M University.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Sheng |last=Qiu |first2=A. |last2=Narasimha Reddy |title=NVMFS: A Hybrid File System for Improving
Random Write in NAND-flash SSD |journal=29th Symposium on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST), 2013 |url=http://cesg.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/MSST13.pdf}}</ref>
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2014-11-30T21:50:48Z
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Two different [[file systems]]s with the name NVMFS exist:
* A file system created by Sheng Qiu and A. L. Narasimha Reddy from the Texas A&M University.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Sheng |last=Qiu |first2=A. |last2=Narasimha Reddy |title=NVMFS: A Hybrid File System for Improving Random Write in NAND-flash SSD |journal=29th Symposium on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies (MSST), 2013 |url=http://cesg.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/MSST13.pdf}}</ref>
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2016-10-23T00:28:33Z
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743882966
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Massey-Harris made threshing machines and reapers as well as safety bicycles, introducing a shaft-driven model in 1898.<ref>[http://www.sciencetech.technomuses.ca/english/collection/cycles13.cfm Canada Science and Technology Museum – A New Model Every Year]. Retrieved 2010-05-03.</ref> In 1910 it acquired the Johnston Harvester Company located in Batavia, New York, making it one of Canada's first [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] firms.<ref name=p146/>
Grain harvesting was revolutionized by Massey-Harris in 1938 with the world's first self-propelled combine<ref name=p146> – the No. 20. —but it was too heavy and expensive for extensive mass production. However, it served as a guide for the building of the lighter and less costly No. 21, which was tested in 1940 and put on sale in 1941. The '''Massey-Harris No. 21 Combine''' was commemorated with a Canada Post stamp on June 8, 1996.<ref>[http://data4.collectionscanada.ca/netacgi/nph-brs?s1=3746&l=20&d=POST&p=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collectionscanada.ca%2Farchivianet%2F020117%2F020117030408_e.html&r=1&f=G&SECT3=POST Massey-Harris No. 21 Combine commemorative stamp bulletin]</ref>
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2016-10-11T20:25:17Z
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Massey-Harris made threshing machines and reapers as well as safety bicycles, introducing a shaft-driven model in 1898.<ref>[http://www.sciencetech.technomuses.ca/english/collection/cycles13.cfm Canada Science and Technology Museum – A New Model Every Year]. Retrieved 2010-05-03.</ref> In 1910 it acquired the [[Johnston Harvester Company]] located in Batavia, New York, making it one of Canada's first [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] firms.<ref name=p146/>
Grain harvesting was revolutionized by Massey-Harris in 1938 with the world's first self-propelled combine<ref name=p146/> – the No. 20. —but it was too heavy and expensive for extensive mass production. However, it served as a guide for the building of the lighter and less costly No. 21, which was tested in 1940 and put on sale in 1941. The '''Massey-Harris No. 21 Combine''' was commemorated with a Canada Post stamp on June 8, 1996.<ref>[http://data4.collectionscanada.ca/netacgi/nph-brs?s1=3746&l=20&d=POST&p=1&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collectionscanada.ca%2Farchivianet%2F020117%2F020117030408_e.html&r=1&f=G&SECT3=POST Massey-Harris No. 21 Combine commemorative stamp bulletin]</ref>
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2016-10-11T20:28:51Z
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745576917
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Swift uses her real-life experiences as an inspiration in her work.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304510704575562401576663866|title=Taylor Swift's Solo Act|last=Farley|first=Christopher John|date=October 22, 2010|newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|accessdate=May 24, 2012}}</ref> In her songs, Swift often addresses the "anonymous crushes of her high school years" and celebrities.<ref name="nytimes1">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/24/arts/music/24swift.html?pagewanted=all|title=Taylor Swift Is Angry, Darn It|last=Caramanica|first=Jon|date=October 20, 2010|newspaper=The New York Times|accessdate=July 2, 2012}}</ref> In her music Swift frequently mentions ex-boyfriends derogatively,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/john-mayer-taylor-swifts-dear-john-song-humiliated-me-20120606|title=John Mayer: Taylor Swift's 'Dear John' Song 'Humiliated Me'|date=June 6, 2012|work=Rolling Stone|accessdate=June 24, 2012}}</ref> an aspect of her songwriting downplayed by ''The Village Voice'': "Being told What Songs Mean is like having a really pushy professor. And it imperils a true appreciation of Swift's talent, which is not confessional, but dramatic."<ref name="iceberg">{{cite web|url=http://www.villagevoice.com/music/the-iceberg-songs-of-taylor-swift-6429071|title=The Iceberg Songs of Taylor Swift|last=Weber|first=Theon|date=November 3, 2010|work=The Village Voice|accessdate=July 30, 2012}}</ref> However, ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'' believes the media scrutiny over her decision to "mine her personal life for music … is sexist, inasmuch as it's not asked of her male peers".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nymag.com/thecut/2012/11/stop-asking-taylor-swift-to-apologize.html|title=Stop Asking Taylor Swift to Apologize for Writing Songs About Ex-Boyfriends – The Cut|date=November 16, 2012|work=New York|accessdate=February 25, 2013}}</ref> The singer herself has said that not all her songs are factual and that they are sometimes based on observations.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/postrock/2008/02/her_song_talking_taylor_swift_1.html|title=Her Song: Talking Taylor Swift – Post Rock|work=[[The Washington Post]]|accessdate=July 30, 2012}}</ref> Aside from her liner note clues, Swift tries not to talk about song subjects specifically "because these are real people. You try to give insight as to where you were coming from as a writer without completely throwing somebody under the bus".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/18/magazine/the-many-insecurities-of-taylor-swift.html|title=The Many Insecurities of Taylor Swift|last=Dominus|first=Susan|date=November 16, 2012|work=The New York Times}}</ref>
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2016-10-21T23:01:17Z
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Swift uses her life experiences as an inspiration in her work.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304510704575562401576663866|title=Taylor Swift's Solo Act|last=Farley|first=Christopher John|date=October 22, 2010|newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|accessdate=May 24, 2012}}</ref> In her songs, Swift often addresses the "anonymous crushes of her high school years" and celebrities.<ref name="nytimes1">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/24/arts/music/24swift.html?pagewanted=all|title=Taylor Swift Is Angry, Darn It|last=Caramanica|first=Jon|date=October 20, 2010|newspaper=The New York Times|accessdate=July 2, 2012}}</ref> In her music Swift frequently mentions ex-boyfriends derogatively,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/john-mayer-taylor-swifts-dear-john-song-humiliated-me-20120606|title=John Mayer: Taylor Swift's 'Dear John' Song 'Humiliated Me'|date=June 6, 2012|work=Rolling Stone|accessdate=June 24, 2012}}</ref> an aspect of her songwriting downplayed by ''The Village Voice'': "Being told What Songs Mean is like having a really pushy professor. And it imperils a true appreciation of Swift's talent, which is not confessional, but dramatic."<ref name="iceberg">{{cite web|url=http://www.villagevoice.com/music/the-iceberg-songs-of-taylor-swift-6429071|title=The Iceberg Songs of Taylor Swift|last=Weber|first=Theon|date=November 3, 2010|work=The Village Voice|accessdate=July 30, 2012}}</ref> However, ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'' believes the media scrutiny over her decision to "mine her personal life for music … is sexist, inasmuch as it's not asked of her male peers".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nymag.com/thecut/2012/11/stop-asking-taylor-swift-to-apologize.html|title=Stop Asking Taylor Swift to Apologize for Writing Songs About Ex-Boyfriends – The Cut|date=November 16, 2012|work=New York|accessdate=February 25, 2013}}</ref> The singer herself has said that not all her songs are factual and that they are sometimes based on observations.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/postrock/2008/02/her_song_talking_taylor_swift_1.html|title=Her Song: Talking Taylor Swift – Post Rock|work=[[The Washington Post]]|accessdate=July 30, 2012}}</ref> Aside from her liner note clues, Swift tries not to talk about song subjects specifically "because these are real people. You try to give insight as to where you were coming from as a writer without completely throwing somebody under the bus".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/18/magazine/the-many-insecurities-of-taylor-swift.html|title=The Many Insecurities of Taylor Swift|last=Dominus|first=Susan|date=November 16, 2012|work=The New York Times}}</ref>
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2016-10-21T23:47:26Z
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741924705
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First Ipswich is a division of First Norfolk and Suffolk, which operates within and around the town of [[Ipswich]] to a radius of about 30 miles. Currently, there are 24 services of various frequencies operated by the company. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstgroup.com/uploads/maps/Ipswich_Map.pdf|title=First Ipswich Network Map PDF|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> The Ipswich services operate out of one depot situated on Star Lane, just a few minutes walk from the [[Old cattle market bus station]].
Their double deck fleet only consists of [[Volvo B7TL]] [[Alexander ALX400]] due to the height of their garage. Their single deck fleet is slightly more varied though with a couple of [[Alexander Dennis]] [[Enviro200]]s and some [[Volvo B7RLE]] [[Wright Eclipse Urban]]s. Ipswich is the only First Norfolk and Suffolk fleet to offer leather seats and WiFi on all their buses, following a huge refurbishment scheme in 2014.
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2016-09-30T14:51:39Z
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First Ipswich operates within and around the town of [[Ipswich]] to a radius of about {{convert|30|mi|km}}. The Ipswich services operate out of one depot situated on Star Lane, just a few minutes walk from the [[Old cattle market bus station]].
Their double deck fleet only consists of [[Volvo B7TL]] [[Alexander ALX400]] due to the height of their garage. Their single deck fleet is slightly more varied though with a couple of [[Alexander Dennis]] [[Enviro200]]s and some [[Volvo B7RLE]] [[Wright Eclipse Urban]]s.
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2016-09-30T14:52:55Z
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745755127
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*Seven Deadly Sins
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2016-10-09T06:02:29Z
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*Seven Deadly Sins--A man ([[Daniel Baldwin]]) kills his brother and takes over his father's bank.
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2016-10-23T03:17:32Z
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741375517
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* [http://northregionjfa.pitchero.com/ North Region JFA]
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2015-06-02T22:25:48Z
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111005160702/http://northregionjfa.pitchero.com:80/ North Region JFA]
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2016-09-27T03:16:49Z
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742622347
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Racial segregation in the [[United States Armed Forces]], which has included separation of white and nonwhite troops, quotas, restriction of nonwhite troops to support roles, and outright bans on blacks and other nonwhites serving in the military, has been a part of the military history of the United States since the [[American Revolution]], with full racial integration of all Armed Forces not being instituted until 1948, after the end of [[World War II]]. However, each branch of the military has historically had different policies regarding racial segregation. The [[United States Navy]] has generally had fewer restrictions than other branches of the U.S. Military. <ref>[http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h3982.html United States History: Racial Segregation in the U.S. Armed Forces]</ref>
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2016-10-04T19:49:21Z
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Racial segregation in the [[United States Armed Forces]], which has included separation of white and nonwhite troops, quotas, restriction of nonwhite troops to support roles, and outright bans on blacks and other nonwhites serving in the military, has been a part of the military history of the United States since the [[American Revolution]], with [[Executive_Order_9981|full racial integration of all Armed Forces]] not being instituted until of 1948, after the end of [[World War II]]. Each branch of the Armed Forces has historically had different policies regarding racial segregation. The [[United States Navy]] has generally had fewer restrictions than other branches of the U.S. Military. <ref>[http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h3982.html United States History: Racial Segregation in the U.S. Armed Forces]</ref>
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2016-10-04T19:57:09Z
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741924980
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Share repurchases also allow companies to covertly distribute their earnings to investors without inflicting them with taxation. For example, if a company were to pay US$100,000 in dividends on one million shares or as 10¢ dividend per share, investors may incur tax upon this disbursement. This means that instead of receiving 10¢ of earnings per share, they receive 8.5¢ (.10×(1 − .15)) at a 15% tax rate with 1.5¢ going to the government. An investor with 10 shares will receive 85¢. As the company has to pay out this money the share price drops accordingly, from US$10 to US$9.90, so the investor with 10 shares now has; US$99 + 85¢ dividend, or US$99.85. Of course, the market will not necessarily respond to a dividend payment by selling off shares and reducing share price; while the payment of the dividend technically reduces the company's book value, the ability and willingness to pay a dividend is often seen positively, and the share price may even increase.
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2016-05-29T20:00:42Z
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Share repurchases also allow companies to distribute their earnings to investors without inflicting them with taxation. For example, if a company were to pay US$100,000 in dividends on one million shares or as 10¢ dividend per share, investors may incur tax upon this disbursement. This means that instead of receiving 10¢ of earnings per share, they receive 8.5¢ (.10×(1 − .15)) at a 15% tax rate with 1.5¢ going to the government. An investor with 10 shares will receive 85¢. As the company has to pay out this money the share price drops accordingly, from US$10 to US$9.90, so the investor with 10 shares now has; US$99 + 85¢ dividend, or US$99.85. Of course, the market will not necessarily respond to a dividend payment by selling off shares and reducing share price; while the payment of the dividend technically reduces the company's book value, the ability and willingness to pay a dividend is often seen positively, and the share price may even increase.
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2016-09-30T14:55:10Z
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743208736
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It was created by the [[1991]] Azerbaijani [[Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast]].
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2016-10-08T13:44:02Z
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It was created by the 1991 Azerbaijani [[Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast]].
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2016-10-08T14:16:27Z
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743256427
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*'''Miguel''' Appears in the episode "Play with Clay." He also appeared in the episode "Stuck on Carnival". (as a cameo) He's a Mexican Miguel is voiced by Ethan Hektor.
*'''Mimi''' Appears in the episode "Stuck on Style." Like Valentina, Mimi is voiced by Kimberly Persona.
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2016-10-08T15:12:47Z
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*'''Miguel''' Appears in the episode "Play with Clay." He also appeared in the episode "Stuck on Carnival". (as a cameo) Miguel is voiced by Ethan Hektor.
*'''Mimi''' Appears in the episode "Stuck on Style." Mimi is voiced by Kimberly Persona.
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2016-10-08T20:48:38Z
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In 2009, the [[Canadian Parliamentary Coalition to Combat Antisemitism]] was established by [[List of federal political parties in Canada#Political parties currently represented in the House of Commons|major federal political parties]] to investigate and combat antisemitism - particularly what is referred to as the [[new antisemitism]].<ref>http://www.cpcca.ca/about.htm</ref> This form of hate targets Israel, consisting of and fed by false allegations of "war crimes" and similar claims. Anti-Israel actions that led to the formation of a Parliamentary Coalition included boycott campaigns on university campuses and in some churches, spilling over into attacks on synagogues, Jewish institutions and individuals. Activities such as the so-called "Israel Apartheid Week" at [[Concordia University|Concordia]] (Montreal), York University and the University of Toronto, and boycott campaigns targeting Israel (BDS) included what pro-Israelis considered harassment and other forms of antisemitism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.macleans.ca/education/university/utoronto-and-york-students-launch-bds-campaign/|title=UToronto and York students launch BDS campaign - Macleans.ca|date=2011-03-20|language=en-US|access-date=2016-09-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2016/03/06/york-university-accused-of-allowing-anti-semitism-to-spread?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=recommend-button&utm_campaign=York%20University%20accused%20of%20allowing%20anti-Semitism%20to%20spread|title=York University accused of allowing anti-Semitism to spread|website=Toronto Sun|access-date=2016-09-30}}</ref>
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2016-09-30T18:38:14Z
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In 2009, the [[Canadian Parliamentary Coalition to Combat Antisemitism]] was established by [[List of federal political parties in Canada#Political parties currently represented in the House of Commons|major federal political parties]] to investigate and combat antisemitism - particularly what is referred to as the [[new antisemitism]].<ref>http://www.cpcca.ca/about.htm</ref> This form of hate targets Israel, consisting of and fed by false allegations of "war crimes" and similar claims. Anti-Israel actions that led to the formation of a Parliamentary Coalition included boycott campaigns on university campuses and in some churches, spilling over into attacks on synagogues, Jewish institutions and individuals. Activities such as the so-called "Israel Apartheid Week" at [[Concordia University|Concordia]] (Montreal), York University and the University of Toronto, and boycott campaigns targeting Israel (BDS) included what some considered as "forms of antisemitism".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.macleans.ca/education/university/utoronto-and-york-students-launch-bds-campaign/|title=UToronto and York students launch BDS campaign - Macleans.ca|date=2011-03-20|language=en-US|access-date=2016-09-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2016/03/06/york-university-accused-of-allowing-anti-semitism-to-spread?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=recommend-button&utm_campaign=York%20University%20accused%20of%20allowing%20anti-Semitism%20to%20spread|title=York University accused of allowing anti-Semitism to spread|website=Toronto Sun|access-date=2016-09-30}}</ref>
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{{R to disambiguation page}}
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| relatives = [[Tia Mowry|Tia Mowry-Hardrict]] {{small|(sister)}}<br>[[Tamera Mowry|Tamera Mowry-Housley]] {{small|(sister)}}<br>Tavior Mowry {{small|(brother)}}<br>[[Cory Hardrict]] {{small|(brother-in-law)}}<br>[[Adam Housley]] {{small|(brother-in-law)}}
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| relatives = John Mowry {{small|(father)}}<br>Darlene Renée Flowers {{small|(sister)}}<br>[[Tia Mowry|Tia Mowry-Hardrict]] {{small|(sister)}}<br>[[Tamera Mowry|Tamera Mowry-Housley]] {{small|(sister)}}<br>Tavior Mowry {{small|(brother)}}<br>[[Cory Hardrict]] {{small|(brother-in-law)}}<br>[[Adam Housley]] {{small|(brother-in-law)}}
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The '''Terrace Theatre''' was<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kare11.com/news/robbinsdale-theatre-torn-down-city-looks-to-future/328345283|title=Robbinsdale theatre torn down, city looks to future|last=TEGNA|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref> located at 3508 France Avenue North in [[Robbinsdale]], [[Minnesota]]. Designed by the architectural firm of Liebenberg & Kaplan (L&K) for prominent Twin Cities movie exhibitors Sidney and William Volk, the Terrace opened in 1951.<ref name="Tribune" /> It was the first major movie theater built in the Minneapolis suburbs after World War II<ref name=":0" /> and was an outstanding example of midcentury modern design. Upon its opening, the Terrace received critical acclaim for its “bold architectural lines [and] extensive patron services.”<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|title=A Gem of the Lake|journal=BoxOffice|publication-date=1951-08-04|volume=|page=14-17}}</ref>
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2016-10-04T21:47:25Z
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The '''Terrace Theatre''' was<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kare11.com/news/robbinsdale-theatre-torn-down-city-looks-to-future/328345283|title=Robbinsdale theatre torn down, city looks to future|last=TEGNA|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-02}}</ref> located at 3508 France Avenue North in [[Robbinsdale]], [[Minnesota]]. Designed by the architectural firm of [[Liebenberg & Kaplan]] (L&K) for prominent Twin Cities movie exhibitors Sidney and William Volk, the Terrace opened in 1951.<ref name="Tribune" /> It was the first major movie theater built in the Minneapolis suburbs after World War II<ref name=":0" /> and was an outstanding example of midcentury modern design. Upon its opening, the Terrace received critical acclaim for its “bold architectural lines [and] extensive patron services.”<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|title=A Gem of the Lake|journal=BoxOffice|publication-date=1951-08-04|volume=|page=14-17}}</ref>
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2016-10-05T00:04:39Z
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Today the pass is home to Hotel "Castel Dracula".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hotelcasteldracula.ro/|title=Hotel Castel Dracula|publisher=}}</ref> The hotel was built in 1974 and is located at an elevation of {{convert|1116|m|ft|abbr=on}}. The hotel has become quite an attraction due to its architectural style of a medieval villa, as well as the sheer beauty of the location.
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Today the pass is home to Hotel "Castel Dracula".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hotelcasteldracula.ro/|title=Hotel Castel Dracula|publisher=}}</ref> The hotel was built in 1974 and is located at an elevation of {{convert|1116|m|ft|abbr=on}}. The hotel has become quite an attraction due to its architectural style of a medieval villa, as well as the sheer beauty of the location.{{fact}}
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2016-10-06T14:54:24Z
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The journey took five years to prepare for, including finding a biplane which would cope with the heat of Africa.<ref name="LA">{{Cite web|url = http://www.lightaircraftassociation.co.uk/Members/Tracey%20Curtis-Taylor.pdf|title = Tracey Curtis-Taylor|date = April 2014|access-date = 30 January 2016|website = |publisher = Light Aviation|last = |first = }}</ref> After a search in several countries, Curtis-Taylor decided to have a 1942 [[Boeing Stearman]] restored.<ref name="BS">{{Cite web|title = Boeing Stearman|url = http://www.stearman.at/South_Africa_to_England.html|website = www.stearman.at|accessdate = 2016-01-30}}</ref> As a result, the biplane was similar to Lady Heath's in size and design, but had some improvements such as a more powerful engine, additional fuel tanks,<ref>{{Cite web|title = The Stearman « The Aviatrix|url = http://www.theaviatrixfilm.com/the-stearman/|website = www.theaviatrixfilm.com|accessdate = 2016-01-30}}</ref> and a ATC-transponder & [[Global Positioning System|GPS]] navigation system for use in controlled airspace.<ref name="tel">{{Cite web|title = Tracey Curtis-Taylor: from Cape Town to Cairo in a Forties biplane|url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/aviation/10560546/Tracey-Curtis-Taylor-from-Cape-Town-to-Cairo-in-a-Forties-biplane.html|website = Telegraph.co.uk|accessdate = 2016-01-30}}</ref>
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2016-10-25T16:46:16Z
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The journey took five years to prepare for, including finding a biplane which would cope with the heat of Africa.<ref name="LA">{{Cite web|url = http://www.lightaircraftassociation.co.uk/Members/Tracey%20Curtis-Taylor.pdf|title = Tracey Curtis-Taylor|date = April 2014|access-date = 30 January 2016|website = |publisher = Light Aviation|last = |first = }}</ref> After a search in several countries, Curtis-Taylor decided to have a 1942 [[Boeing Stearman]] restored.<ref name="BS">{{Cite web|title = Boeing Stearman|url = http://www.stearman.at/South_Africa_to_England.html|website = www.stearman.at|accessdate = 2016-01-30}}</ref> Though much more modern, the biplane was similar to Lady Heath's in size and design, but had advantages such as a more powerful engine, additional fuel tanks,<ref>{{Cite web|title = The Stearman « The Aviatrix|url = http://www.theaviatrixfilm.com/the-stearman/|website = www.theaviatrixfilm.com|accessdate = 2016-01-30}}</ref> and a ATC-transponder & [[Global Positioning System|GPS]] navigation system for use in controlled airspace.<ref name="tel">{{Cite web|title = Tracey Curtis-Taylor: from Cape Town to Cairo in a Forties biplane|url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/aviation/10560546/Tracey-Curtis-Taylor-from-Cape-Town-to-Cairo-in-a-Forties-biplane.html|website = Telegraph.co.uk|accessdate = 2016-01-30}}</ref>
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'''Robert Creamer''' (born 1947) is an American Democrat political consultant, [[community organizing|community organizer]], and author. He is the husband of [[Jan Schakowsky]], the [[United States House of Representatives|Congressional Representative]] for [[Illinois's 9th congressional district]].<ref name="usatoday"/> His firm, Democracy Partners, works with issue campaigns. He also leads the nonprofit group Americans United for Change.<ref name="Bella 2005" />
In 1997, Creamer co-founded the Strategic Consulting Group, a Democrat political consulting firm that works with issue campaigns. His clients have included [[MoveOn.org]], Americans United for Change, and [[USAction]]. He organized a successful campaign to stymie the [[privatization of Social Security]]. He has acted as a consultant for campaigns geared towards ending the [[Iraq War]], enacting comprehensive immigration reform, and passing [[universal health care]] legislation. Creamer has worked on numerous Democrat campaigns.
In December 2009, conservative ''[[Fox News]]'' host [[Glenn Beck]] criticized Creamer for accompanying his wife, Jan Schakowsky, to a November 2009 state dinner at the [[White House]] (the same dinner was noted in the media for [[2009 U.S. state dinner security breaches|its security breaches]]).<ref name="NBC Chicago">{{cite news|last1=Rhodes|first1=Steve|title=Glenn Beck Takes on Jan Schakowsky's Hubby|url=http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/Beck-vs-Schakowskys-Husband-78958747.html|work=NBC Chicago|date=December 10, 2009}}</ref> On his show, Beck highlighted Creamer's convictions and called Creamer's book a "prison manifesto", claiming that it had been the basis for the [[Affordable Care Act]]. Creamer later retorted that "[t]his is a man who lies about everything"<ref name="NBC Chicago"/> and called Beck a part of a "new [[McCarthyism|McCarthyist]] movement of the far right."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Skiba|first1=Katherine|title=Glenn Beck and U.S. Rep. Jan Schakowsky's husband trade jabs|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2009-12-10/news/0912090907_1_glenn-beck-jabs-health-care|work=Chicago Tribune|date=December 10, 2009}}</ref>
In October 2016, [[James O'Keefe]] released a hidden-camera video appearing to show Creamer and other campaign staffers for [[Hillary Clinton]] hiring people to incite violence at [[Donald Trump]] rallies. Creamer also works for Democracy Partners. As a result of the video, Creamer announced his resignation from the Democratic National Committee.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Diaz|first1=Daniella|last2=Griffin|first2=Drew|title=Dem operative 'stepping back' after video suggests group incited violence at Trump rallies|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/18/politics/project-veritas-action-robert-creamer-donald-trump-rallies/|accessdate=October 19, 2016|work=CNN|date=October 18, 2016}}</ref>
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2016-10-19T20:33:00Z
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'''Robert Creamer''' (born 1947) is an American political consultant, [[community organizing|community organizer]], and author. He is the husband of [[Jan Schakowsky]], the [[United States House of Representatives|Congressional Representative]] for [[Illinois's 9th congressional district]].<ref name="usatoday"/> His firm, Democracy Partners, works with issue campaigns. He also leads the nonprofit group Americans United for Change.<ref name="Bella 2005" />
In 1997, Creamer co-founded the Strategic Consulting Group, a political consulting firm that works with issue campaigns. His clients have included [[MoveOn.org]], Americans United for Change, and [[USAction]]. He organized a successful campaign to stymie the [[privatization of Social Security]]. He has acted as a consultant for campaigns geared towards ending the [[Iraq War]], enacting comprehensive immigration reform, and passing [[universal health care]] legislation. Creamer has worked on numerous Democratic Party campaigns.
In December 2009, conservative ''[[Fox News]]'' host [[Glenn Beck]] criticized Creamer for accompanying his wife, Congresswoman Jan Schakowsky, to a November 2009 state dinner at the [[White House]] (the same dinner was noted in the media for [[2009 U.S. state dinner security breaches|its security breaches]]).<ref name="NBC Chicago">{{cite news|last1=Rhodes|first1=Steve|title=Glenn Beck Takes on Jan Schakowsky's Hubby|url=http://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/Beck-vs-Schakowskys-Husband-78958747.html|work=NBC Chicago|date=December 10, 2009}}</ref> On his show, Beck highlighted Creamer's convictions and called Creamer's book a "prison manifesto", claiming that it had been the basis for the [[Affordable Care Act]]. Creamer later retorted that "[t]his is a man who lies about everything"<ref name="NBC Chicago"/> and called Beck a part of a "new [[McCarthyism|McCarthyist]] movement of the far right."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Skiba|first1=Katherine|title=Glenn Beck and U.S. Rep. Jan Schakowsky's husband trade jabs|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2009-12-10/news/0912090907_1_glenn-beck-jabs-health-care|work=Chicago Tribune|date=December 10, 2009}}</ref>
In October 2016, conservative activist [[James O'Keefe]] released a hidden-camera video appearing to show Creamer and others affiliated with the [[Hillary Clinton]] campaign scheming to hire people to incite violence at [[Donald Trump]] rallies. As a result of the video, Creamer announced his resignation from the Democratic National Committee.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Diaz|first1=Daniella|last2=Griffin|first2=Drew|title=Dem operative 'stepping back' after video suggests group incited violence at Trump rallies|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/10/18/politics/project-veritas-action-robert-creamer-donald-trump-rallies/|accessdate=October 19, 2016|work=CNN|date=October 18, 2016}}</ref>
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{{Infobox Individual Snooker Tournament
*{{External link|url=http://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.3188097975811.144914.1066660939&type=3|name=PTC Grand Finals 2012: Day 1 pictures by MoniqueLimbos|site=[[Facebook]]}}
*{{External link|url=http://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.3193728796578.145034.1066660939&type=3|name=PTC Grand Finals 2012: Day 2 pictures by MoniqueLimbos|site=Facebook}}
*{{External link|url=http://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.3199118531318.145158.1066660939&type=3|name=PTC Grand Finals 2012: Day 3 pictures by MoniqueLimbos|site=Facebook}}
*{{External link|url=http://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.3203839769346.145300.1066660939&type=1&l=4ca698aaa9|name=PTC Grand Finals 2012: Day 4 pictures by MoniqueLimbos|site=Facebook}}
*{{External link|url=http://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.3208814973723.145416.1066660939&type=3|name=PTC Grand Finals 2012: Day 5 pictures by MoniqueLimbos|site=Facebook}}
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2016-06-28T08:23:11Z
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{{Infobox individual snooker tournament
*[http://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.3188097975811.144914.1066660939&type=3 PTC Grand Finals 2012: Day 1 pictures by MoniqueLimbos] at [[Facebook]]
*[http://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.3193728796578.145034.1066660939&type=3 PTC Grand Finals 2012: Day 2 pictures by MoniqueLimbos] at Facebook
*[http://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.3199118531318.145158.1066660939&type=3 PTC Grand Finals 2012: Day 3 pictures by MoniqueLimbos] at Facebook
*[http://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.3203839769346.145300.1066660939&type=1&l=4ca698aaa9 PTC Grand Finals 2012: Day 4 pictures by MoniqueLimbos] at Facebook
*[http://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.3208814973723.145416.1066660939&type=3 PTC Grand Finals 2012: Day 5 pictures by MoniqueLimbos] at Facebook
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The district lies in the [[East Central Railway zone|East Central Railway]] of [[Indian Railways]]; the [[Gaya–Kiul line]] crosses the district roughly east-west, and connects with the [[Bakhtiyarpur–Tilaiya line]] at [[Tilaiya Junction railway station|Tilaiya Junction]]. Two express trains and several local trains run on the Gaya-Kiul line via Nawada station.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/nawadah-nwd/1850 |title=Arrivals at Nawada |work=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
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The district lies in the [[East Central Railway zone|East Central Railway]] of [[Indian Railways]]; the [[Gaya–Kiul line]] crosses the district roughly east-west, and connects with the [[Bakhtiyarpur–Tilaiya line]] at [[Tilaiya Junction railway station|Tilaiya Junction]]. Two express trains and several local trains run on the Gaya-Kiul line via [[Nawada railway station]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/nawadah-nwd/1850 |title=Arrivals at Nawada |work=indiarailinfo.com}}</ref>
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== Elastic behavior versus viscoelastic behavior ==
== Types of viscoelasticity ==
=== Generalized Maxwell Model ===
The '''Generalized Maxwell model''' also known as the '''Maxwell–Wiechert model''' (after [[James Clerk Maxwell]] and E Wiechert <ref name=Wiechert1>Wiechert, E (1889); "Ueber elastische Nachwirkung", Dissertation, Königsberg University, Germany</ref><ref name=Wiechert2>Wiechert, E (1893); "Gesetze der elastischen Nachwirkung für constante Temperatur", Annalen der Physik, 286, 335–348, 546–570</ref>) is the most general form of the linear model for viscoelasticity. It takes into account that the [[Relaxation time|relaxation]] does not occur at a single time, but at a distribution of times. Due to molecular segments of different lengths with shorter ones contributing less than longer ones, there is a varying time distribution. The Wiechert model shows this by having as many spring–dashpot Maxwell elements as are necessary to accurately represent the distribution. The figure on the right shows the generalised Wiechert model <ref name=Roylance>Roylance, David (2001); "Engineering Viscoelasticity", 14-15</ref>
Applications : metals and alloys at temperatures lower than one quarter of their absolute melting temperature (expressed in K).
algorithm that adjust the parameters (<math>G_\infty, G_i, \tau_i</math>) to minimize the error between the predicted and data values
.<ref name=ETT2011>E. J. Barbero. Time-temperature-age Superposition Principle for Predicting
This form is convenient when the elastic shear modulus <math>G_0</math> is obtained from data independent from the relaxation data, and/or
for computer implementation, when it is desired to specify the elastic properties separately from the viscous properties, as in
.<ref name=Abaqus_Analysis_19.7.1>Simulia. Abaqus Analysis User's Manual, 19.7.1 Time domain
(eq. 7.18-7.19) in <ref name=Barbero2007>E. J. Barbero. Finite Element Analysis of Composite Materials. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 2007. [http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1420054333/booksoncomposite]</ref> or the Standard Solid Model (eq. 7.20-7.21) in <ref name=Barbero2007 /> (section 7.1.3). Once
== Measuring viscoelasticity ==
* [[Viscosity]]
* [[Elasticity (physics)|Elasticity]]
* [[Blood Viscoelasticity]]
* [[Viscoplasticity]]
* [[Silly Putty]]
* [[Polymer]]
* [[Creep (deformation)|Creep]]
* [[Stress relaxation]]
* [[Hysteresis]]
* [[Rubber Elasticity]]
* [[Rheology]]
* [[Constant Viscosity Elastic (Boger) Fluids]]
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== Elastic versus viscoelastic behavior ==
== Types ==
=== Generalized Maxwell model ===
The '''Generalized Maxwell model''' also known as the '''Maxwell–Wiechert model''' (after [[James Clerk Maxwell]] and E Wiechert<ref name=Wiechert1>Wiechert, E (1889); "Ueber elastische Nachwirkung", Dissertation, Königsberg University, Germany</ref><ref name=Wiechert2>Wiechert, E (1893); "Gesetze der elastischen Nachwirkung für constante Temperatur", Annalen der Physik, 286, 335–348, 546–570</ref>) is the most general form of the linear model for viscoelasticity. It takes into account that the [[Relaxation time|relaxation]] does not occur at a single time, but at a distribution of times. Due to molecular segments of different lengths with shorter ones contributing less than longer ones, there is a varying time distribution. The Wiechert model shows this by having as many spring–dashpot Maxwell elements as are necessary to accurately represent the distribution. The figure on the right shows the generalised Wiechert model.<ref name=Roylance>Roylance, David (2001); "Engineering Viscoelasticity", 14-15</ref>
Applications: metals and alloys at temperatures lower than one quarter of their absolute melting temperature (expressed in K).
algorithm that adjust the parameters (<math>G_\infty, G_i, \tau_i</math>) to minimize the error between the predicted and data values.<ref name=ETT2011>E. J. Barbero. Time-temperature-age Superposition Principle for Predicting
This form is convenient when the elastic shear modulus <math>G_0</math> is obtained from data independent from the relaxation data, and/or for computer implementation, when it is desired to specify the elastic properties separately from the viscous properties, as in.<ref name=Abaqus_Analysis_19.7.1>Simulia. Abaqus Analysis User's Manual, 19.7.1 Time domain
(eq. 7.18-7.19) in<ref name=Barbero2007>E. J. Barbero. Finite Element Analysis of Composite Materials. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 2007. [http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/1420054333/booksoncomposite]</ref> or the Standard Solid Model (eq. 7.20-7.21) in<ref name=Barbero2007 /> (section 7.1.3). Once
== Measurement ==
* [[Blood viscoelasticity]]
* [[Constant viscosity elastic fluid]]s
* [[Rheology]]
* [[Rubber elasticity]]
* [[Silly Putty]]
* [[Viscoplasticity]]
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| children = 3 daughters; Pia, Maja and Mia
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Cahill was sent off on 26 August 2008 in the second round of the League Cup, receiving a straight red card in the 38th minute for a foul on [[Giles Coke]] as the team lost 1–2 at home to [[Northampton Town F.C.|Northampton Town]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Bolton 1-2 Northampton|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/league_cup/7576347.stm|accessdate=2 December 2015|publisher=BBC Sport|date=26 August 2008}}</ref> On 5 October, Cahill scored his first Bolton goal in a 1–3 victory at [[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United]], and he added two more over the campaign in 4–1 wins over [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] and [[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]]. <ref>{{cite news|title=Sunderland 1-4 Bolton |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/7742083.stm|accessdate=26 October 2016|publisher=BBC Sport|date=28 November 2008}}</ref>
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Cahill was sent off on 26 August 2008 in the second round of the League Cup, receiving a straight red card in the 38th minute for a foul on [[Giles Coke]] as the team lost 1–2 at home to [[Northampton Town F.C.|Northampton Town]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Bolton 1-2 Northampton|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/league_cup/7576347.stm|accessdate=2 December 2015|publisher=BBC Sport|date=26 August 2008}}</ref> On 5 October, Cahill scored his first Bolton goal in a 1–3 victory at [[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United]], and he added two more over the campaign in 4–1 wins over [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] and [[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]]. <ref>{{cite news|title=Sunderland 1-4 Bolton |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/7742083.stm|accessdate=26 October 2016|publisher=BBC Sport|date=28 November 2008}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|title=Bolton 4-1 Middlesbrough |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/7972758.stm|accessdate=26 October 2016|publisher=BBC Sport|date=4 April 2009}}</ref>
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* Princess Sophie ''Marie'' Luise Amelie Josephine of Baden (Baden 26 July 1865 - Baden 29 November 1939);<ref name="van oene">{{Cite web |url=http://www.oocities.org/henrivanoene/genbaden2.html|title=Genealogy of the Grand-Ducal Family of Baden|accessdate= 3 October 2011|author=van Oene, Henri|authorlink= |coauthors= |date=13 May 1998|work= |publisher= |pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= }}</ref> married [[Friedrich II, Duke of Anhalt]].<ref name=lundy/><ref name=FM>{{cite book|first=Frederick|last=Martin|title=The Stateman's Year-Book Statistical And Historical Annual of the States Of The Civilised World For The Year 1880|publisher=Macmillan and Co.|location=London|year=1880|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QHoEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA147&dq=leuchtenberg+princess+maria+baden&hl=en&ei=jpy_TL7sL8fOnAf_6cyJDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFEQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=leuchtenberg%20princess%20maria%20baden&f=false|page=147}}</ref><ref name=OnlineGotha>{{Cite web| url=http://www.angelfire.com/realm/gotha/gotha/baden.html | title=BADEN | date= | accessdate=2010-08-15 | publisher=Paul Theroff's Royal Genealogy Site | author=Paul Theroff}}</ref>
* [[Prince Maximilian of Baden|Prince ''Maximilian'' Alexander Friedrich Wilhelm of Baden]] (Baden 10 July 1867 - Konstanz 6 November 1929);<ref name="van oene"/> married [[Princess ''Marie Louise'' of Hanover]] (Gmunden am Traunsee 11 October 1879 - Schloß Salem 31 January 1948);<ref name=lundy/><ref name=FM/><ref name="van oene"/> had issue. Maximilian became the [[heir apparent]] to the [[Grand Duchy of Baden]] on 28 September 1907.<ref name=wp2/>
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2016-10-05T07:14:54Z
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* Princess ''Marie'' of Baden (Baden 26 July 1865 - Baden 29 November 1939);<ref name="van oene">{{Cite web |url=http://www.oocities.org/henrivanoene/genbaden2.html|title=Genealogy of the Grand-Ducal Family of Baden|accessdate= 3 October 2011|author=van Oene, Henri|authorlink= |coauthors= |date=13 May 1998|work= |publisher= |pages= |language= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote= }}</ref> married [[Friedrich II, Duke of Anhalt]].<ref name=lundy/><ref name=FM>{{cite book|first=Frederick|last=Martin|title=The Stateman's Year-Book Statistical And Historical Annual of the States Of The Civilised World For The Year 1880|publisher=Macmillan and Co.|location=London|year=1880|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QHoEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA147&dq=leuchtenberg+princess+maria+baden&hl=en&ei=jpy_TL7sL8fOnAf_6cyJDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=9&ved=0CFEQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=leuchtenberg%20princess%20maria%20baden&f=false|page=147}}</ref><ref name=OnlineGotha>{{Cite web| url=http://www.angelfire.com/realm/gotha/gotha/baden.html | title=BADEN | date= | accessdate=2010-08-15 | publisher=Paul Theroff's Royal Genealogy Site | author=Paul Theroff}}</ref>
* [[Prince Maximilian of Baden|Prince ''Maximilian'' of Baden]] (Baden 10 July 1867 - Konstanz 6 November 1929);<ref name="van oene"/> married [[Princess ''Marie Louise'' of Hanover]] (Gmunden am Traunsee 11 October 1879 - Schloß Salem 31 January 1948);<ref name=lundy/><ref name=FM/><ref name="van oene"/> had issue. Maximilian became the [[heir apparent]] to the [[Grand Duchy of Baden]] on 28 September 1907.<ref name=wp2/>
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2016-10-05T11:57:07Z
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In West Germany, in 1986, an accident involved a jammed pebble damaged by the reactor operators when they were attempting to dislodge it from a feeder tube (see [[#Thorium high-temperature reactor|THTR-300 section]]). This accident released radiation into the surrounding area,<ref>http://www.nirs.org/factsheets/pbmrfactsheet.htm</ref> and probably was one reason for the shutdown of the research program by the [[West German]] government.
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2016-08-31T06:05:51Z
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In West Germany, in 1986, an accident involved a jammed pebble that was damaged by the reactor operators when they were attempting to dislodge it from a feeder tube (see [[#Thorium high-temperature reactor|THTR-300 section]]). This accident released radiation into the surrounding area,<ref>http://www.nirs.org/factsheets/pbmrfactsheet.htm</ref> and probably was one reason for the shutdown of the research program by the [[West German]] government.
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2016-09-30T15:08:32Z
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[[File:Real-Time Control Systems Library 2.png|thumb|320px|Real-Time Control Systems Software.]]The '''Real-time Control System''' (RCS) is a [[software system]] developed by [[NIST]] based on the [[Real-time Control System]] Reference Model Architecture, that implements a generic [[Hierarchical control system]]. The RCS Software Library is an archive of free C++, Java and Ada code, scripts, tools, makefiles, and documentation developed to aid programmers of software to be used in [[Embedded system|real-time control system]]s (especially those using the Reference Model Architecture for Intelligent Systems Design).<ref name="NIST09">[http://www.isd.mel.nist.gov/projects/rcslib/index.html Real-Time Control Systems Library –– Software and Documentation] at nist.gov. AccessedAug 4, 2009.</ref>
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2014-05-19T07:47:08Z
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[[File:Real-Time Control Systems Library 2.png|thumb|320px|Real-Time Control Systems Software.]]The '''Real-time Control System''' (RCS) is a [[software system]] developed by [[NIST]] based on the [[Real-time Control System]] Reference Model Architecture, that implements a generic [[Hierarchical control system]]. The RCS Software Library is an archive of free C++, Java and Ada code, scripts, tools, makefiles, and documentation developed to aid programmers of software to be used in [[Embedded system|real-time control system]]s (especially those using the Reference Model Architecture for Intelligent Systems Design).<ref name="NIST09">[http://www.isd.mel.nist.gov/projects/rcslib/index.html Real-Time Control Systems Library –– Software and Documentation] at nist.gov. Accessed Aug 4, 2009.</ref>
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2016-10-20T10:27:57Z
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* On July 26, 2016, [[Amar'e Stoudemaire]] officially announced his retirement from the NBA after signing a symbolic contract with the [[New York Knicks]] so he could officially end his 14-year career as a Knick,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nba.com/knicks/amare-stoudemire-announces-retirement|title=Amar'e Stoudemire Announces Retirement|work=NBA.com|date=July 26, 2016|accessdate=July 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/knicks-sign-amare-stoudemireso-he-can-retire-1469574186?mod=e2tw|title=Knicks Sign Amar’e Stoudemire—So He Can Retire|last=Herring|first=Chris|date=2016-07-26|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|issn=0099-9660|access-date=2016-07-26}}</ref> and went to play in [[Israeli Basketball Premier League|Israel]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hapoel.co.il/en/article/1053|title=Amar'e Stoudemire joins Hapoel Jerusalem!|work=Hapoel.co.il|date=August 1, 2016|accessdate=September 19, 2016}}</ref>
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2016-10-14T01:27:57Z
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* On July 26, 2016, [[Amar'e Stoudemire]] officially announced his retirement from the NBA after signing a symbolic contract with the [[New York Knicks]] so he could officially end his 14-year career as a Knick,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nba.com/knicks/amare-stoudemire-announces-retirement|title=Amar'e Stoudemire Announces Retirement|work=NBA.com|date=July 26, 2016|accessdate=July 26, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/knicks-sign-amare-stoudemireso-he-can-retire-1469574186?mod=e2tw|title=Knicks Sign Amar’e Stoudemire—So He Can Retire|last=Herring|first=Chris|date=2016-07-26|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|issn=0099-9660|access-date=2016-07-26}}</ref> and went to play in [[Israeli Basketball Premier League|Israel]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hapoel.co.il/en/article/1053|title=Amar'e Stoudemire joins Hapoel Jerusalem!|work=Hapoel.co.il|date=August 1, 2016|accessdate=September 19, 2016}}</ref>
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2016-10-14T08:53:35Z
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In 2009 ''Heathen Harvest'' came under fire from jazz musician [[Geoff Leigh]] for promoting [[far-right politics]] due to supposed symbolism employed on ''heathenharvest.com''. Leigh attacked the webzine by calling its staff [[Neo-nazism|Neo-nazis]] and insinuated that its name was code for "[[Nazi salute|Heil Hitler]]".<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20090611192456/http://aliensatsea.blogspot.com/2009/01/heathen-harvest-bad-year-for-bad-apples.html A Bad Year for Bad Apples] Retrieved 19 July 2011</ref> The magazine responded by saying it was "an international organisation of all peoples, beliefs, and political views" and called the accusation that its staff were practicing [[Neo-Nazis]] "absurd".<ref>[http://aliensatsea.blogspot.com/2009/01/heathen-harvest-bad-year-for-bad-apples.html?showComment=1237429920000#c7241442513989738350 Magazine response] Retrieved 19 July 2011</ref>
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2016-10-07T22:53:18Z
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In 2009 ''Heathen Harvest'' came under fire from jazz musician [[Geoff Leigh]] for promoting [[far-right politics]] due to supposed symbolism employed on ''heathenharvest.com''. Leigh criticized the webzine calling its staff [[Neo-nazism|Neo-nazis]] and suggesting that its name was code for "[[Nazi salute|Heil Hitler]]".<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20090611192456/http://aliensatsea.blogspot.com/2009/01/heathen-harvest-bad-year-for-bad-apples.html A Bad Year for Bad Apples] Retrieved 19 July 2011</ref> The magazine responded by saying it was "an international organisation of all peoples, beliefs, and political views" and called the accusation that its staff were practicing [[Neo-Nazis]] "absurd".<ref>[http://aliensatsea.blogspot.com/2009/01/heathen-harvest-bad-year-for-bad-apples.html?showComment=1237429920000#c7241442513989738350 Magazine response] Retrieved 19 July 2011</ref>
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He was first elected to the provincial assembly in the [[Alberta general election, 2012|2012 provincial election]]. In spring 2013, one year after being elected, he introduced a [[private member's bill]] entitled Compassionate Care Leave Legislation (Bill 203), the first of its kind in the history of Alberta. The bill has gone through [[royal assent]] and provides a leave of absence for an employee from his/her employer while taking care of a terminally ill loved one.
Recently, Jeneroux was named co-Chair of the [http://albertajobstaskforce.ca/en/ Alberta Jobs Task Force] which is a federal Conservative Caucus initiative that will collect information from everyday Albertans, employers, small businesses, social assistance organizations, workers and other stakeholders – all of whom are affected the current jobs crisis and whom have valuable insight and ideas to share on tangible policy solutions and budget requests of the federal Government.
The Task Force will produce a report to be tabled in the House of Commons, as well as draw national attention to an unemployment problem in Alberta that is of growing concern to our entire country.
*[http://albertajobstaskforce.ca/en/ Alberta Jobs Task Force]
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2016-10-20T20:28:51Z
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Jeneroux was first elected to the provincial assembly in the [[Alberta general election, 2012|2012 provincial election]]. In spring 2013, one year after being elected, he introduced a [[private member's bill]] entitled Compassionate Care Leave Legislation (Bill 203). The bill has gone through [[royal assent]] and provides a leave of absence for an employee from his/her employer while taking care of a terminally ill family member.
Recently, Jeneroux was named co-Chair of the Alberta Jobs Task Force, a federal Conservative caucus initiative that will collect information from Albertans affected by the current economic situation and produce a report to be tabled in the House of Commons.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.prrecordgazette.com/2016/10/05/conservatives-launch-alberta-jobs-taskforce|title=Conservatives launch Alberta Jobs Taskforce|last=|first=|date=October 5, 2016|work=Peace River Record Gazette|access-date=October 20, 2016|via=}}</ref>
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2016-10-20T20:48:28Z
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At the turn of the 19th century, the inn [[Bakkehuset]] was owned by Knud Engelbreth Langberg. In 1902 he constructed a new country house on the other side of the road and sold the old building to [[Knud Lyne Rahbæk]] who had lived regularly at the inn in the summer time since the 1780s. Engelbreth Langberg gave his new property the name Ny Bakkegård ("New Hill Farm") to detinguish it from Bakkegården ("The hill Farm") which from then on became known as Gammel Bakkegård ("Old Hill Garm") and would later be replaced by [[Carl Jacobsen House|a new house]] by [[Carl Jacobsen]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kulturarv.dk/mussam/VisGenstand.action?genstandId=11892770|title=Ny Bakkegård|language=Danish|publisher=[[Kunstindeks Danmark]]|accessdate=11 May 2016}}</ref>
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2016-06-03T23:12:18Z
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At the turn of the 19th century, the inn [[Bakkehuset]] was owned by Knud Engelbreth Langberg. In 1902 he constructed a new country house on the other side of the road and sold the old building to [[Knud Lyne Rahbæk]] who had lived regularly at the inn in the summer time since the 1780s. Engelbreth Langberg gave his new property the name Ny Bakkegård ("New Hill Farm") to distinguish it from Bakkegården ("The hill Farm") which from then on became known as Gammel Bakkegård ("Old Hill Garm") and would later be replaced by [[Carl Jacobsen House|a new house]] by [[Carl Jacobsen]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kulturarv.dk/mussam/VisGenstand.action?genstandId=11892770|title=Ny Bakkegård|language=Danish|publisher=[[Kunstindeks Danmark]]|accessdate=11 May 2016}}</ref>
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2016-10-10T19:51:08Z
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742971813
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| location = [[Butler,South Australia]], [[Australia]]<ref name=PLB>{{cite web|title=Search result for "Mount Hill (Mount)'" (Record no. SA0050995) with the following layers selected - "Suburbs and Localities" and " Place names (gazetteer)" |url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/plb/# |work=Property Location Browser|publisher=Government of South Australia |accessdate=7 October 2016}}</ref>
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2016-10-07T00:07:36Z
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| location = [[Butler,South Australia]], [[Australia]]<ref name=PLB>{{cite web|title=Search result for "Mount Hill (Mount)'" (Record no. SA0030421) with the following layers selected - "Suburbs and Localities" and " Place names (gazetteer)" |url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/plb/# |work=Property Location Browser|publisher=Government of South Australia |accessdate=7 October 2016}}</ref>
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2016-10-07T00:08:15Z
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Tropical climate is experienced here. Thulappally receives significant rainfall most months, with a short dry season. The average annual temperature is about 27.3 °C. The months of june, july and august receives good amount of rainfall.
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2016-10-23T06:58:39Z
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Tropical climate is experienced here. Thulappally receives significant rainfall most months, with a short dry season. The average annual temperature is about 27.3 °C. The months of june, july and august receives good amount of rainfall and the temperature falls to 21.7°C in the month of january.
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2016-10-23T07:06:41Z
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742900326
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"'''The Swineherd'''" ({{lang-da|Svinedrengen}}) is a literary [[fairy tale]] by [[Hans Christian Andersen]] about a [[prince]] who disguises himself as a swineherd to woo an arrogant princess. The tale was first published December 20, 1841 by C. A. Reitzel in [[Copenhagen, Denmark]] in ''Fairy Tales Told for Children. New Collection.'' The tale appears to be original with Andersen though similar tales are known. "The Swineherd" has been adapted to various media.
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2016-07-30T18:30:29Z
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"'''The Swineherd'''" ({{lang-da|Svinedrengen}}) is a literary [[fairy tale]] by [[Hans Christian Andersen]] about a [[prince]] who disguises himself as a [[swineherd]] to woo an arrogant princess. The tale was first published December 20, 1841 by C. A. Reitzel in [[Copenhagen, Denmark]] in ''Fairy Tales Told for Children. New Collection.'' The tale appears to be original with Andersen though similar tales are known. "The Swineherd" has been adapted to various media.
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2016-10-06T14:28:17Z
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Because of his arrogance and occasional tendencies to fly alone and disobey orders, Luke was disliked by some of his peers and superiors. But the 27th was under standing orders to destroy German [[observation balloon]]s. Because of this, Luke, along with his close friend Lt. [[Joseph Frank Wehner]], continually volunteered to attack these important targets despite the fact that they were heavily defended by anti-aircraft guns on the ground. The two pilots began a remarkable string of victories together, with Luke attacking the balloons and Wehner flying protective cover. Wehner was killed in action on September 18, 1918, in a dogfight with [[Fokker D.VII]]s which were attacking Luke. Luke then shot down two of these D.VIIs and two balloons, thereby achieving his 13th official kill—a Halberstadt Ctype observation plane of Flieger Abteilung 36.<ref>http://www.theaerodrome.com/forum/people/44756-lukes-13th-credit.html#post477402</ref>
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2016-10-23T00:24:23Z
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Because of his arrogance and occasional tendencies to fly alone and disobey orders, Luke was disliked by some of his peers and superiors. But the 27th was under standing orders to destroy German [[observation balloon]]s. Because of this, Luke, along with his close friend Lt. [[Joseph Frank Wehner]], continually volunteered to attack these important targets although they were heavily defended by anti-aircraft guns on the ground. The two pilots began a remarkable string of victories together, with Luke attacking the balloons and Wehner flying protective cover. Wehner was killed in action on September 18, 1918, in a dogfight with [[Fokker D.VII]]s which were attacking Luke. Luke then shot down two of these D.VIIs and two balloons, thereby achieving his 13th official kill—a Halberstadt Ctype observation plane of Flieger Abteilung 36.<ref>http://www.theaerodrome.com/forum/people/44756-lukes-13th-credit.html#post477402</ref>
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2016-10-23T00:25:44Z
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'''''The multiplexed signal is transmitted over a communication channel such as a cable.''''' The multiplexing divides the capacity of the communication channel into several logical channels, one for each message signal or data stream to be transferred. A reverse process, known as demultiplexing, extracts the original channels on the receiver end.
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2016-10-11T03:30:13Z
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The multiplexed signal is transmitted over a communication channel such as a cable. The multiplexing divides the capacity of the communication channel into several logical channels, one for each message signal or data stream to be transferred. A reverse process, known as demultiplexing, extracts the original channels on the receiver end.
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2016-10-11T12:01:15Z
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===Advanced RISC Machines Ltd.: Collaboration with Apple===
In the late 1980s [[Apple Computer]] and [[VLSI Technology]] started working with Acorn on newer versions of the ARM core. In 1990, Acorn spun off the design team into a new company named Advanced RISC Machines Ltd.,<ref>[http://www.arm.com/about/company-profile/milestones.php ARM milestones], ARM company website. Retrieved 8 April 2015</ref><ref name='andrews-co-verification-of-hardware-and-software-for-ARM-SoC-design'>{{cite book| last1 = Andrews| first1 = Jason| title = Co-verification of hardware and software for ARM SoC design| chapter = 3 SoC Verification Topics for the ARM Architecture| publisher = [[Elsevier]]| year = 2005| location = Oxford, UK| pages = 69| isbn = 0-7506-7730-9| quote = ARM started as a branch of Acorn Computer in Cambridge, England, with the formation of a joint venture between Acorn, Apple and VLSI Technology. A team of twelve employees produced the design of the first ARM microprocessor between 1983 and 1985.}}</ref><ref name="latimes apple to join acorn">{{cite news | url=http://articles.latimes.com/1990-11-28/business/fi-4993_1_arm-chips | title=Apple to Join Acorn, VLSI in Chip-Making Venture |work=Los Angeles Times | date=28 November 1990 | accessdate=6 February 2012 | author=Weber, Jonathan | location=Los Angeles | quote=Apple has invested about $3 million (roughly 1.5 million pounds) for a 30% interest in the company, dubbed Advanced Risc Machines Ltd. (ARM) [...]}}</ref> which became ARM Ltd when its parent company, [[ARM Holdings]] plc, floated on the [[London Stock Exchange]] and [[NASDAQ]] in 1998.<ref>[http://www.arm.com/miscPDFs/3822.pdf "ARM Corporate Backgrounder"], ''ARM Technology''.</ref>The new Apple-ARM work would eventually evolve into the ARM6, first released in early 1992. Apple used the ARM6-based ARM610 as the basis for their Apple Newton PDA.
===Licencees: DEC, Intel, Marvell===
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2016-10-19T10:02:34Z
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===Collaboration: ARM6===
In the late 1980s [[Apple Computer]] and [[VLSI Technology]] started working with Acorn on newer versions of the ARM core. In 1990, Acorn spun off the design team into a new company named Advanced RISC Machines Ltd.,<ref>[http://www.arm.com/about/company-profile/milestones.php ARM milestones], ARM company website. Retrieved 8 April 2015</ref><ref name='andrews-co-verification-of-hardware-and-software-for-ARM-SoC-design'>{{cite book| last1 = Andrews| first1 = Jason| title = Co-verification of hardware and software for ARM SoC design| chapter = 3 SoC Verification Topics for the ARM Architecture| publisher = [[Elsevier]]| year = 2005| location = Oxford, UK| pages = 69| isbn = 0-7506-7730-9| quote = ARM started as a branch of Acorn Computer in Cambridge, England, with the formation of a joint venture between Acorn, Apple and VLSI Technology. A team of twelve employees produced the design of the first ARM microprocessor between 1983 and 1985.}}</ref><ref name="latimes apple to join acorn">{{cite news | url=http://articles.latimes.com/1990-11-28/business/fi-4993_1_arm-chips | title=Apple to Join Acorn, VLSI in Chip-Making Venture |work=Los Angeles Times | date=28 November 1990 | accessdate=6 February 2012 | author=Weber, Jonathan | location=Los Angeles | quote=Apple has invested about $3 million (roughly 1.5 million pounds) for a 30% interest in the company, dubbed Advanced Risc Machines Ltd. (ARM) [...]}}</ref> which became ARM Ltd when its parent company, [[ARM Holdings]] plc, floated on the [[London Stock Exchange]] and [[NASDAQ]] in 1998.<ref>[http://www.arm.com/miscPDFs/3822.pdf "ARM Corporate Backgrounder"], ''ARM Technology''.</ref>The new Apple-ARM work would eventually evolve into the ARM6, first released in early 1992. Apple used the ARM6-based ARM610 as the basis for their [[Apple Newton]] PDA.
===Early Licencees===
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2016-10-19T10:52:06Z
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==Dislocation in French==
==Dislocation in Cantonese==
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2016-04-14T03:29:58Z
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==In French==
==In Cantonese==
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2016-10-18T00:14:52Z
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Barn spiders are predominantly yellow and brown in coloration with striped legs. Their underside is typically black with white marks inside, although color ranges can be quite magnificent. They are about three quarters of an inch (20 mm) long with large round abdomens.<ref name="SpiderRoom.info">{{citation |url=http://www.spiderroom.info/va_barnspider.html |website=SpiderRoom.info |title=Barn Spider |accessdate=2016-10-03}}</ref>
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2016-10-03T18:18:31Z
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Barn spiders are predominantly yellow and brown in coloration with striped legs. Their underside is typically black with white marks inside, although color ranges can be quite variable. They are about three quarters of an inch (20 mm) long with large round abdomens.<ref name="SpiderRoom.info">{{citation |url=http://www.spiderroom.info/va_barnspider.html |website=SpiderRoom.info |title=Barn Spider |accessdate=2016-10-03}}</ref>
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2016-10-15T07:10:12Z
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