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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744186532 |
The word '''''Christianism''''' is being used as a descriptive term for Christian political conservatives mostly in the United States, for the ideology of the [[Christian Right]], meant as a counterpoint to "[[Islamism]]".<ref name="safire" /><ref name="Walker05202005">{{cite journal|last=Walker|first=Ruth|date=May 20, 2005|title=Onward, Christianist soldiers?|journal=[[Christian Science Monitor]]|publisher=The Christian Science Monitor|location=Boston, Massachusetts|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0520/p18s04-hfes.html|accessdate=January 31, 2010}}</ref> Writing in 2005, the ''[[New York Times]]'' language columnist [[William Safire]] attributed the term (in this novel usage) to blogger [[Andrew Sullivan]], who wrote on June 1, 2003, page 19,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dish.andrewsullivan.com/2003/06/page/19/|title=2003 June « The Dish|work=andrewsullivan.com}}</ref> "I have a new term for those on the fringes of the religious right who have used the Gospels to perpetuate their own aspirations for power, control and oppression: Christianists. They are as anathema to true Christians as the Islamists are to true Islam."<ref name="safire">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/15/magazine/15ONLANGUAGE.html|title=Isms and Phobias |last=Safire|first=William|date=May 15, 2005 |work=New York Times|accessdate=January 29, 2010}}</ref> The bloggers Tristero and [[David Neiwert]] used the term shortly after.<ref>[http://tristero.blogspot.com/2003_06_01_tristero_archive.html#200373904 When Semantic Differences Are Not: Part Two] Tristero, June 2, 2003, accessed January 31, 2010.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://dneiwert.blogspot.ca/2003/06/how-about-christianism.html|title = How about Christianism?|website = Orcinus|last = Neiwert|first = David|date = June 8, 2003}}</ref> Sullivan later expanded on his usage of the term in a ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine column.<ref>Sullivan, Andrew (May 7, 2006).[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1191826,00.html "My Problem with Christianism"], ''Time'', accessed January 31, 2010.</ref> Uses of the term can be found dating back to the seventeenth century, but these are unrelated to its modern meaning.<ref name="safire" />
* [[Christian terrorism]]
* [[Dominion Theology]]
* [[Rousas Rushdoony]]
* [[Christian Reconstructionism]] | 2016-06-15T19:01:17Z | '''''Christianism''''' is a pejorative label invented by Andrew Sullivan to describe the [[Christian right]] in the United States.<ref name="safire" /><ref name="Walker05202005">{{cite journal|last=Walker|first=Ruth|date=May 20, 2005|title=Onward, Christianist soldiers?|journal=[[Christian Science Monitor]]|publisher=The Christian Science Monitor|location=Boston, Massachusetts|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/0520/p18s04-hfes.html|accessdate=January 31, 2010}}</ref> Writing in 2005, the ''[[New York Times]]'' language columnist [[William Safire]] attributed the term (in this novel usage) to blogger [[Andrew Sullivan]], who wrote on June 1, 2003, page 19,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dish.andrewsullivan.com/2003/06/page/19/|title=2003 June « The Dish|work=andrewsullivan.com}}</ref> "I have a new term for those on the fringes of the religious right who have used the Gospels to perpetuate their own aspirations for power, control and oppression: Christianists. They are as anathema to true Christians as the Islamists are to true Islam."<ref name="safire">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/15/magazine/15ONLANGUAGE.html|title=Isms and Phobias |last=Safire|first=William|date=May 15, 2005 |work=New York Times|accessdate=January 29, 2010}}</ref> The bloggers Tristero and [[David Neiwert]] used the term shortly after.<ref>[http://tristero.blogspot.com/2003_06_01_tristero_archive.html#200373904 When Semantic Differences Are Not: Part Two] Tristero, June 2, 2003, accessed January 31, 2010.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = http://dneiwert.blogspot.ca/2003/06/how-about-christianism.html|title = How about Christianism?|website = Orcinus|last = Neiwert|first = David|date = June 8, 2003}}</ref> Sullivan later expanded on his usage of the term in a ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine column.<ref>Sullivan, Andrew (May 7, 2006).[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1191826,00.html "My Problem with Christianism"], ''Time'', accessed January 31, 2010.</ref> Uses of the term can be found dating back to the seventeenth century, but these are unrelated to its modern meaning.<ref name="safire" /> | 2016-10-13T17:19:34Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743703849 | '''Farnell element14''' is a distributor of technology products and solutions for electronic system design, maintenance and repair.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.premierfarnell.com/our-company/what-we-do |title=Our Company -what we do |year=2013 |publisher=Premier Farnell |accessdate=27 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newelectronics.co.uk/electronics-interviews/interview-with-premier-farnell-ceo-laurence-bain/66419/ |title=High service, high expectations |year=2014 |publisher=New Electronics |accessdate=11 March 2015}}</ref> Operating in 28 countries across [[Europe]], with two regional distribution hubs in [[Belgium]] and the [[UK]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.premierfarnell.com/our-company/our-brands |title=Our Company - our brands |year=2013 |publisher=Premier Farnell |accessdate=27 October 2013}}</ref> it employs over 1200 people.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.premierfarnell.com/our-company/history |title=About us |year=2013 |publisher=Farnell UK |accessdate=27 October 2013}}</ref>
It is the [[Europe]]an trading brand of global electronics distributor [[Premier Farnell plc]], which is a constituent of the [[FTSE 250 Index]] listed on the [[London Stock Exchange]]. | 2016-08-22T01:12:35Z | '''Farnell element14''' is a distributor of technology products and solutions for electronic system design, maintenance and repair.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.premierfarnell.com/our-company/what-we-do |title=Our Company -what we do |year=2013 |publisher=Premier Farnell |accessdate=27 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newelectronics.co.uk/electronics-interviews/interview-with-premier-farnell-ceo-laurence-bain/66419/ |title=High service, high expectations |year=2014 |publisher=New Electronics |accessdate=11 March 2015}}</ref> Operating in 28 countries across [[Europe]], with two regional distribution hubs in [[Belgium]] and the [[UK]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.premierfarnell.com/our-company/our-brands |title=Our Company - our brands |year=2013 |publisher=Premier Farnell |accessdate=27 October 2013}}</ref> it employs over 1200 people.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.premierfarnell.com/our-company/history |title=About us |year=2013 |publisher=Farnell UK |accessdate=27 October 2013}}</ref> It is the [[Europe]]an trading brand of global electronics distributor [[Premier Farnell]]. | 2016-10-10T20:04:44Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741895266 | The '''6th [[Siptan]]''' began on 27 September 2010 and concluded on 5 April 2011. [[Lee Sedol]] defeated [[Kang Yootaek]] 2–1 in the final.<ref name=igokisen>{{cite web | url=http://igokisen.web.fc2.com/st.html | title=6th Siptan(Judan) | publisher=igokisen.web.fc2.com | accessdate=12 June 2011}}</ref> | 2016-02-12T11:31:14Z | The '''6th [[Siptan]]''' began on 27 September 2010 and concluded on 5 April 2011. [[Lee Sedol]] defeated [[Kang Yootaek]] 2–1 in the final.<ref name=igokisen>{{cite web|url=http://igokisen.web.fc2.com/st.html |title=6th Siptan(Judan) |publisher=igokisen.web.fc2.com |accessdate=12 June 2011 }}{{dead link|date=September 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | 2016-09-30T10:11:43Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745216037 | *Saturation in the musical [[community]]. This includes attending local [[concert]]s of classical music, developing friendships with other music students, and listening to recordings of music played by performing "artists" (professional classical musicians of high caliber) in the home every day (starting before birth if possible).
*Deliberate avoidance of musical aptitude tests or "[[audition]]s" to begin music study. Suzuki believed that teachers who test for musical aptitude before taking students, or teachers who look only for "talented" students, are limiting themselves to people who have already started their music education. Just as every child is expected to learn their native language, Suzuki expected every child to be able to learn to play music well when they were surrounded with a musical environment from infancy. (This does not preclude auditions for public performances).
*Emphasis on playing from a very young age, typically starting formal instruction between the ages of three and five years old and sometimes beginning as early as age two. (See [[Suzuki method#Technique|Technique]]).
*Using well-trained teachers, preferably also trained in using the Suzuki materials and philosophy. Suzuki Associations all over the world offer ongoing teacher-training programs to prospective and continuing Suzuki teachers. A basic competency as a performer was made mandatory for all teachers in the Suzuki Association of the Americas; a music degree is not required.
*In the beginning, [[learning music by ear]] is emphasized over reading written [[musical notation]]. This follows Suzuki's observation that in language acquisition, a child learns to speak before learning to read. To support learning by ear, students are usually expected to listen to recordings of repertoire daily. Other methods—such as [[Simply Music]], the Gordon Music Learning Theory, and Conversational Solfège—have students playing before reading notes, but may not have the same focus on daily listening and learning by ear.
*Memorization of all solo repertoire is expected, even after a student begins to use [[sheet music]] as a tool to learn new pieces. This is related to this focus on music as separate from notation.
*Music theory and note reading are left to the teacher. The Suzuki method doesn't include a formal plan or prescribe specific materials for introducing music theory & reading into the curriculum.
*Retaining and reviewing every piece of music ever learned is also strongly encouraged. This is intended to raise technical and musical ability. Review pieces, along with "preview" parts of music a student is yet to learn, are often used in creative ways to take the place of the more traditional [[etude]] books. Traditional etudes and technical studies are not used in the beginning stages, which focus almost exclusively on a set of performance pieces.
The method discourages competitive attitudes between players, and advocates collaboration and mutual encouragement for those of every ability and level. However, there is an audition process if a student wishes to perform publicly with the Suzuki Youth Orchestra of America, a national group sponsored by the Suzuki Association of the Americas.
The parent of the young student is expected to supervise instrument practice every day, instead of leaving the child to practice alone between lessons, and to attend and take notes at every lesson so they can coach the student effectively. It is not necessary for the parent to be able to play as well as the child (or at all); only that the parent knows from the lessons what the child should be doing and how the child should be doing it. This element of the method is so prominent that a newspaper article once dubbed it "The Mom-Centric Method."<ref name="meyermom">Meyer, Constance (2003-09-07). The Mom-centric method. LA Times, 7 September 2003. Retrieved from http://articles.latimes.com/2003/sep/07/entertainment/ca-meyer7.</ref> | 2016-10-19T21:46:35Z | *Saturation in the musical [[community]].
::This includes attending local classical music [[concert]]s, developing friendships with other music students, and listening to recordings of professional musicians in the home every day, starting before birth if possible.
*Deliberate avoidance of musical aptitude tests or [[audition]]s to begin music study.
::Suzuki believed that teachers who test for musical aptitude before taking students, or who look only for "talented" students, are limiting themselves to people who have already started their music education. Just as every child is expected to learn their native language, Suzuki expected every child to be able to learn to play music.
*Emphasis on playing from a very young age,
::typically starting formal instruction between the ages of three and five years old. (See [[Suzuki method#Technique|Technique]]).
*Using well-trained teachers.
::Suzuki believed in training musicians not only to be better musicians but also to be better teachers. Suzuki Associations worldwide offer ongoing teacher-training programs to prospective and continuing Suzuki teachers.
*In the beginning, [[learning music by ear]] is emphasized over reading written [[musical notation]].
::Suzuki observed that a children speak before learning to read, and thought that children should also be able to play music before learning to read. To support learning by ear, students are expected to listen to recordings of the music they are learning daily. Other methods—such as [[Simply Music]], the Gordon Music Learning Theory, and Conversational Solfège—have students playing before reading notes, but may not have the same focus on daily listening and learning by ear.
*Memorization of all solo repertoire is expected.
::The focus on memorization continues even after a student begins to use [[sheet music]] to learn new pieces.
*Music theory and note reading are left to the teacher.
::The Suzuki method doesn't include a formal plan or prescribe specific materials for introducing music theory & reading, in part because Suzuki created the method in a culture where music literacy was routinely taught in schools.
*Retaining and reviewing every piece of music ever learned is also strongly encouraged.
::This is intended to raise technical and musical ability. Review pieces, along with "preview" parts of music a student is yet to learn, are often used in place of the more traditional [[etude]] books. Traditional etudes and technical studies are not used in the beginning stages, which focus almost exclusively on a set of performance pieces.
The method discourages competitive attitudes between players, and advocates collaboration and mutual encouragement for those of every ability and level. However, this does not mean the elimination of auditions or evaluations of student performances.
The parent of the young student is expected to supervise instrument practice every day, instead of leaving the child to practice alone between lessons, and to attend and take notes at every lesson so they can coach the student effectively. This element of the method is so prominent that a newspaper article once dubbed it "The Mom-Centric Method."<ref name="meyermom">Meyer, Constance (2003-09-07). The Mom-centric method. LA Times, 7 September 2003. Retrieved from http://articles.latimes.com/2003/sep/07/entertainment/ca-meyer7.</ref> | 2016-10-19T22:34:18Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744922620 | <ref>ijaz makhiwal</ref></ref></ref>==Mythology==
* '''Makhai''' is the name of village in lower dir , located near to '''laram top'''. It is about 15 Km away from '''chackdarra'''. It is an evergreen village and consists of about 35 houses. The the peoples are very hospitable and hard working.
* It is the center for visitors through out the year . Visotors come here to enjoy the snow fall in winter and a suitable season in summer.[ijaz ul haq pharmacist] | 2016-10-18T04:28:16Z | ==Mythology==
* '''Makhai''' is the name of village in lower dir, located near to '''laram top'''. It is about 15 km away from '''chackdarra'''. It is an evergreen village and consists of about 35 houses. The the peoples are very hospitable and hard working.
* It is the center for visitors throughout the year . Visotors come here to enjoy the snow fall in winter and a suitable season in summer.[ijaz ul haq pharmacist] | 2016-10-18T07:55:13Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743778137 | '''KBD''' can refer to:
*[[K-B-D]], a Semitic triliteral root meaning "heavy"
KBD can also be used as an [[acronym]] for:
*[[Kabardian language]] in the ISO 639 code
*[[Kaiser window|Kaiser-Bessel Derived]], a type of window function used for digital signal processing
*[[Kashin-Beck disease]], an osteoarticular disease
*[[Karelian Bear Dog]], a Finnish/Karelian dog breed
*[[LBD-1 Gargoyle|KBD-1 Gargoyle]], an American surface-to-air missile
*[[KBDS]], a radio station in California
*[[Kentucky Bourbon Distillers]], a company that produces [[bourbon whiskey|bourbon]] and [[rye whiskey]]
*[[Killed by Death (disambiguation)]], the name of a song by Motorhead and an episode of ''Buffy the Vampire Slayer''
*[[King's Bench Division]], a division of the High Court of Justice in England
*[[King]] [[Black]] [[Dragon]], a high-level monster in [[RuneScape]]
*Thousand [[barrels per day]], a measurement of production or consumption of crude oil
'''kBd''' can refer to:
* kilobaud, equal to one thousand [[baud]], symbol rate in telecommunications
{{disambig}} | 2016-10-10T16:41:48Z | {{wiktionary|KBD|kbd|kBd}}
'''KBD''' may refer to:
*[[K-B-D]], a Semitic triliteral root meaning "be heavy"
*[[Kabardian language]] (ISO 639 code), spoken mainly in parts of the North Caucasus
*[[Kaiser–Bessel-derived]] window, used for digital signal processing
*[[Karelian Bear Dog]], a Finnish/Karelian dog breed
*[[Kashin–Beck disease]], an osteoarticular disease
*[[Kentucky Bourbon Distillers]], a company that produces bourbon and rye whiskey
{{disambiguation}} | 2016-10-11T06:04:55Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744180865 | [[Hydrolysis|Hydrolyzed]] yeast or hydrolyzed yeast extract is another version used as a flavour enhancer. Exogenous enzymes or acids are used to hydrolyze the proteins. It mimics MSG when combined with sodium with all of MSG side effects. It is often a food additive meant to disguise it is a form of MSG in the ingredients. | 2016-10-12T04:39:55Z | [[Hydrolysis|Hydrolyzed]] yeast or hydrolyzed yeast extract is another version used as a flavour enhancer. Exogenous enzymes or acids are used to hydrolyze the proteins. It mimics MSG when combined with sodium. | 2016-10-13T16:31:14Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742518967 | He was born Anthony Roger Tonge in [[Birmingham]] where he attended Lordswood Technical Grammar School.<ref>Who's Who on Television. Independent Television Publications Ltd 1970</ref> He was working as an £8-a-week post office clerk and performing in amateur dramatics in the evenings when he landed the role of Sandy Richardson, the motel owner's son in the [[Associated Television|ATV]] [[soap opera]], ''[[Crossroads (soap opera)|Crossroads]]'', a role he would play for 17 years. He played the disabled son of Meg Richardson, played by the actress [[Noele Gordon]], in the much-maligned soap opera.
But it was the actor's fight against an incurable cancer that resulted in his departure from the programme before the programme was cancelled. During Tonge's tenure in the series, Tonge's ill health left him increasingly immobile. To accommodate his disability and in order not to lose the character from the series, a plotline was developed where Sandy became paralysed and a wheel chair user through an accident. Prior to the 'accident' storyline, Tonge had for many months only been seen in seated scenes, standing rigid or lying in bed. Tonge thus became the first disabled actor in a soap; however, it was something he always played down and his illness was never talked about. In an on screen interview with [[Angela Rippon]] as part of a show looking at TV ''Soap Operas'' in 1981, Tonge claimed that viewers were often astonished to encounter him off-screen and discover he did not use a wheelchair or crutches; this despite him having been a wheelchair user for many years. The claim was not challenged on air. | 2016-09-27T11:55:09Z | He was born Anthony Roger Tonge in [[Birmingham]] where he attended Lordswood Technical Grammar School.<ref>Who's Who on Television. Independent Television Publications Ltd 1970</ref> He was working as an £8-a-week post office clerk and performing in amateur dramatics in the evenings when he landed the role of Sandy Richardson, the motel owner's son in the [[Associated Television|ATV]] [[soap opera]], ''[[Crossroads (soap opera)|Crossroads]]'', a role he would play for 17 years. He played the disabled son of Meg Richardson, played by the actress [[Noele Gordon]], in the much-maligned{{cn|October 2015}} soap opera.
But it was the actor's fight against an incurable cancer that resulted in his departure from the programme before the programme was cancelled. During Tonge's tenure in the series, Tonge's ill health left him increasingly immobile. To accommodate his disability and in order not to lose the character from the series, a plotline was developed where Sandy became paralysed and a wheel chair user through an accident. Prior to the 'accident' storyline, Tonge had for many months only been seen in seated scenes, standing rigid or lying in bed. Tonge thus became the first disabled actor in a soap; however, it was something he always played down and his illness was never talked about. In an on screen interview with [[Angela Rippon]] as part of a show looking at TV ''Soap Operas'' in 1981, Tonge claimed that viewers were often astonished to encounter him off-screen and discover he did not use a wheelchair or crutches; this despite him having been a wheelchair user for many years. The claim was not challenged on air. | 2016-10-04T05:28:37Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745889295 | | name = Emory Alvord | 2016-10-23T23:54:54Z | | name = [[Emory Alvord]] | 2016-10-24T00:03:02Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743496549 | The Grateful Dead often played the songs "[[China Cat Sunflower]]" and "[[I Know You Rider]]" in succession, but this pairing was referred to as "China Rider" among Grateful Dead fans. The setlist entry "C.C. Rider" refers to the Grateful Dead's version of "C.C. Rider", sung by [[Bob Weir]].<ref>{{Citation | 2016-09-26T06:08:10Z | The Grateful Dead often played the songs "[[China Cat Sunflower]]" and "[[I Know You Rider]]" in succession, but this pairing was referred to as "China Rider" among Grateful Dead fans. The setlist entry "C.C. Rider" refers to the Grateful Dead's version of "[[C.C. Rider]]", sung by [[Bob Weir]].<ref>{{Citation | 2016-10-09T22:48:00Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745513242 | '''Mosul''' ({{lang-ar|الموصل}} ''{{transl|ar|al-Mōṣul}}'', <small>[[North Mesopotamian Arabic|local pronunciation]]:</small> ''{{transl|ayp|el-Mōṣul}}'', {{lang-syr|ܡܘܨܠ|Māwṣil}}) is a city of normally about two and a half million people (2014 est.) in northern [[Iraq]], occupied since 10 June 2014 by the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIS).<ref>{{Cite web|title = UN News - Security Council calls for eradicating ISIL safe havens in Syria and Iraq|url = http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52623#.VqlEzo_XKM8|website = UN News Service Section|date = 2015-11-20|access-date = 2016-02-24}}</ref><ref>"U.S. State Department list of foreign terrorist organizations".</ref><ref>Akyol, Mustafa (21 December 2015). "A Medieval Antidote to ISIS". ''New York Times''. Retrieved 4 January 2016.</ref> Mosul is the last remaining Iraqi city under ISIS control. The [[Battle of Mosul (2016)|Battle of Mosul]], a massive military offensive to re-take the city, began in October 2016, and is the largest deployment of Iraqi forces since the [[2003 invasion of Iraq|2003 invasion by U.S. and coalition forces]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hawramy|first1=Fazel|last2=Harding|first2=Luke|title=Iraqi and Kurdish forces close in on Mosul after making quick gains|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/20/mosul-attack-kurdish-forces-launch-large-scale-operation-against-isis-in-iraq|accessdate=20 October 2016|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=20 October 2016}}</ref> | 2016-10-21T15:21:01Z | '''Mosul''' ({{lang-ar|الموصل}} ''{{transl|ar|al-Mōṣul}}'', <small>[[North Mesopotamian Arabic|local pronunciation]]:</small> ''{{transl|ayp|el-Mōṣul}}'', {{lang-syr|ܡܘܨܠ|Māwṣil}}) is a city of normally about two and a half million people (2014 est.) in northern [[Iraq]], governed since 10 June 2014 by the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIS).<ref>{{Cite web|title = UN News - Security Council calls for eradicating ISIL safe havens in Syria and Iraq|url = http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=52623#.VqlEzo_XKM8|website = UN News Service Section|date = 2015-11-20|access-date = 2016-02-24}}</ref><ref>"U.S. State Department list of foreign terrorist organizations".</ref><ref>Akyol, Mustafa (21 December 2015). "A Medieval Antidote to ISIS". ''New York Times''. Retrieved 4 January 2016.</ref> Mosul is the last remaining Iraqi city under ISIS control. The [[Battle of Mosul (2016)|Battle of Mosul]], a massive military offensive to re-take the city, began in October 2016, and is the largest deployment of Iraqi forces since the [[2003 invasion of Iraq|2003 invasion by U.S. and coalition forces]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hawramy|first1=Fazel|last2=Harding|first2=Luke|title=Iraqi and Kurdish forces close in on Mosul after making quick gains|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/20/mosul-attack-kurdish-forces-launch-large-scale-operation-against-isis-in-iraq|accessdate=20 October 2016|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=20 October 2016}}</ref> | 2016-10-21T15:23:18Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741833657 | The album features the tribute song Buckethead had done to the late graffiti writer and [[hip hop]] artist [[Rammellzee]], who died on June 28, 2010. The track was released on Buckethead's web page a day prior to the album's release and Dickerson announced that it would be included in the album.<ref>[http://www.tdrsmusic.com/cgi-bin/yabb/YaBB.cgi?board=TDRS;action=display;num=1292953085;start=0 Travis Dickerson announcement of the album]</ref> Buckethead and Rammellzee collaborated on several albums from the supergroup [[Praxis (band)|Praxis]], most notably on ''[[Profanation (Preparation for a Coming Darkness)]]''.<ref>[http://www.bucketheadland.com/ Buckethead's site]</ref><ref>http://blurt-online.com/news/view/4508/</ref> In contrast to earlier releases in 2010, this album is a return to a more traditional writing style for Buckethead, with faster playing throughout, constant shifts in mood and feel, and liberal use of effects. | 2016-01-07T23:30:21Z | The album features the tribute song Buckethead had done to the late graffiti writer and [[hip hop]] artist [[Rammellzee]], who died on June 28, 2010. The track was released on Buckethead's web page a day prior to the album's release and Dickerson announced that it would be included in the album.<ref>[http://www.tdrsmusic.com/cgi-bin/yabb/YaBB.cgi?board=TDRS;action=display;num=1292953085;start=0 Travis Dickerson announcement of the album]</ref> Buckethead and Rammellzee collaborated on several albums from the supergroup [[Praxis (band)|Praxis]], most notably on ''[[Profanation (Preparation for a Coming Darkness)]]''.<ref>[http://www.bucketheadland.com/ Buckethead's site]</ref><ref>http://blurt-online.com/news/view/4508/{{dead link|date=September 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In contrast to earlier releases in 2010, this album is a return to a more traditional writing style for Buckethead, with faster playing throughout, constant shifts in mood and feel, and liberal use of effects. | 2016-09-29T23:18:03Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743706143 | |[1 [Dhalai]]
|[2 [Sipahijala district|Sipahijala]]
|[3 [Khowai]]
|[4 [Gomati district|Gomati]]
|[5 [Unakoti]]
|[6 [North Tripura]]
|[7 [South Tripura]]
|[3 [West Tripura]] | 2016-10-04T02:04:56Z | |1 [[Dhalai]]
|2 [[Sipahijala district|Sipahijala]]
|3 [[Khowai]]
|4 [[Gomati district|Gomati]]
|5 [[Unakoti]]
|6 [[North Tripura]]
|7 [[South Tripura]]
|3 [[West Tripura]] | 2016-10-10T20:17:06Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742081420 | | [[Doric order|Doric]] column by [[Thomas Hamilton (architect)|Thomas Hamilton]] and 12 ft statue by William Warren (carved by [[Robert Forrest]]) | 2016-07-20T17:41:44Z | | [[Doric order|Doric]] column by [[Thomas Hamilton (architect)|Thomas Hamilton]] and 12 ft statue by William Warren (carved by [[Robert Forrest (sculptor)|Robert Forrest]]) | 2016-10-01T16:01:39Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741329514 | A '''referendum to ratify the Final Agreement on the Termination of the Conflict and the Construction of a Stable and Lasting Peace''' will be held on Sunday October 2, 2016.<ref>{{cite web |title=Colombia decide el próximo 2 de octubre en referéndum si avala el acuerdo de paz con las FARC|url=http://www.elmundo.es/internacional/2016/08/25/57bdc046468aeb9e188b4590.html |accessdate=August 25, 2016 |work=El Mundo |date=August 25, 2016 |language=Spanish}}</ref> The aim of this referendum for the citizens to express their approval or rejection of the agreements signed with the [[Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia]] (FARC) in [[Havana]]. For the agreement to be approved, the "Yes" votes must account for at least 13% of the electorate (4,396,626 votes) and outnumber the "No" votes. | 2016-09-26T20:12:14Z | A '''referendum to ratify the Final Agreement on the Termination of the Conflict and the Construction of a Stable and Lasting Peace''' will be held on Sunday October 2, 2016.<ref>{{cite web |title=Colombia decide el próximo 2 de octubre en referéndum si avala el acuerdo de paz con las FARC|url=http://www.elmundo.es/internacional/2016/08/25/57bdc046468aeb9e188b4590.html |accessdate=August 25, 2016 |work=El Mundo |date=August 25, 2016 |language=Spanish}}</ref> The aim of this referendum for the citizens to express their approval or rejection of the agreements signed with the [[Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia]] (FARC) in [[Havana]]. For the agreement to be approved, the "Yes" votes must account for at least 13% of the electorate (i.e., 4,396,626 votes out of total of 34,899,945 registered voters<ref>[http://www.registraduria.gov.co/-Censo-Electoral,3661-.html Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil]</ref>) and outnumber the "No" votes. | 2016-09-26T20:22:02Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742265427 | Chimo was born in Saugus, Massachusetts. Her father is of [[Albania]]n descent and her mother is of [[Irish people|Irish]] and [[Italian people|Italian]] ancestry (her father is an Albanian Orthodox Christian, and her mother is Catholic).<ref>http://www.theatermania.com/new-york-city-theater/news/12-2012/bad-jews-kvetching-over-good-soup-off-broadway_63877.html</ref><ref>http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Tracee-Chimo-20130917?ModPagespeed=noscript</ref><ref>http://www.papermag.com/2013/10/orange_is_the_new_blacks_tracee_chimo_bad_jews_off_broadway.php</ref> She splits her time between living in [[Los Angeles]] and [[New York City]]. | 2016-10-02T18:12:58Z | Chimo was born in Saugus, Massachusetts. Her father is of [[Albania]]n descent and her mother is of [[Irish people|Irish]] and [[Italian people|Italian]] ancestry (her father is an Albanian Orthodox Christian, and her mother is Catholic).<ref>http://www.theatermania.com/new-york-city-theater/news/12-2012/bad-jews-kvetching-over-good-soup-off-broadway_63877.html</ref><ref>http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Tracee-Chimo-20130917?ModPagespeed=noscript</ref><ref>http://www.papermag.com/2013/10/orange_is_the_new_blacks_tracee_chimo_bad_jews_off_broadway.php</ref> She splits her time between living in [[Los Angeles]] and [[New York City]].{{fact}} | 2016-10-02T18:13:09Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745002525 | Owen Maddock was the son of architect Richard Maddock, who spent most of his life working for Sir [[Herbert Baker]]. Richard Maddock was overseer for Baker's most controversial project in the United Kingdom, the rebuilding and destruction of large portions of Sir [[John Soane]]'s [[Bank of England]] building in the [[City of London]]. Owen Maddock grew up in [[Sutton, Surrey]], and went on to study engineering at [[Kingston University|Kingston Technical College]]. During this time, in the latter years of [[World War II]], Maddock also served in the local [[Home Guard (United Kingdom)|Home Guard]] regiment.
In addition to his studies Maddock had also become a proficient musician. He was able to play a number of instruments, eventually including [[trombone]], saxophone, [[bass clarinet]], piano, and [[sousaphone]]. He excelled as a [[jazz]] player and was part of many jazz bands of the late 1940s and early 1950s, including ''The [[Mike Daniels]] Band'' and [[Mick Mulligan]]'s ''Magnolia Jazz Band''. In the ''Magnolia Jazz Band'' Maddock played with vocalist [[George Melly]]. In his own memoirs Melly remembered Maddock as "''a tall man with a beard and the abrupt manner of a Hebrew prophet who has just handed on the Lord's warning to a sinful generation ... and his hands, coat, clothes and face were always streaked with oil.''"<ref name=melly>{{cite book|title= Owning Up: The Trilogy |last= Melly |first= George |authorlink= George Melly |year= 2006 |publisher= Penguin |location= London |ISBN= 978-0141025544 }}</ref> Melly also recalled that Maddock could take his passion for jazz to extremes: | 2016-05-23T13:17:47Z | Owen Maddock was the son of architect Richard Maddock, who spent most of his life working for Sir [[Herbert Baker]]. Richard Maddock was overseer for Baker's most controversial project in the United Kingdom: the rebuilding and destruction of large portions of Sir [[John Soane]]'s [[Bank of England]] building in the [[City of London]]. Owen Maddock grew up in [[Sutton, Surrey]], and went on to study engineering at [[Kingston University|Kingston Technical College]]. During this time, in the latter years of [[World War II]], Maddock also served in the local [[Home Guard (United Kingdom)|Home Guard]] regiment.
In addition to his engineering studies, Maddock was a proficient musician. He was able to play a number of instruments, eventually including [[trombone]], saxophone, [[bass clarinet]], piano, and [[sousaphone]]. He excelled as a [[jazz]] player and was part of many jazz bands of the late 1940s and early 1950s, including ''The [[Mike Daniels]] Band'' and [[Mick Mulligan]]'s ''Magnolia Jazz Band''. In the ''Magnolia Jazz Band'' Maddock played with vocalist [[George Melly]]. In his own memoirs Melly remembered Maddock as "''a tall man with a beard and the abrupt manner of a Hebrew prophet who has just handed on the Lord's warning to a sinful generation ... and his hands, coat, clothes and face were always streaked with oil.''"<ref name=melly>{{cite book|title= Owning Up: The Trilogy |last= Melly |first= George |authorlink= George Melly |year= 2006 |publisher= Penguin |location= London |ISBN= 978-0141025544 }}</ref> Melly also recalled that Maddock could take his passion for jazz to extremes: | 2016-10-18T18:57:01Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742251261 | Promoters can be about 100–1000 [[base pairs]] long.<ref>{{cite web|title=Analysis of Biological Networks: Transcriptional Networks - Promoter Sequence Analysis|url=http://www.cs.tau.ac.il/~roded/courses/bnet-a06/lec11.pdf|publisher=Tel Aviv University|accessdate=30 December 2012}}</ref>
;In [[bacteria]]: The promoter is recognized by [[RNA polymerase]] and an associated [[sigma factor]], which in turn are often brought to the promoter DNA by an activator protein's binding to its own [[DNA binding site]] nearby.
== Promoter elements ==
** A binding site for [[RNA polymerase]]
=== Bacterial promoters ===
=== Eukaryotic promoters ===
Eukaryotic promoter regulatory sequences typically bind proteins called [[transcription factors]] that are involved in the formation of the transcriptional complex. An example is the [[E-box]] (sequence CACGTG), which binds transcription factors in the [[basic helix-loop-helix]] (bHLH) family (e.g. [[BMAL1-Clock]], [[cMyc]]).<ref>{{Cite journal
====Bidirectional promoters (mammalian)====
Bidirectionally paired genes in the [[Gene Ontology]] database shared at least one database-assigned functional category with their partners 47% of the time.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1186/1752-0509-5-S1-S2|title=Genome-wide analysis of the transcription factor binding preference of human bi-directional promoters and functional annotation of related gene pairs|journal=BMC Systems Biology|volume=5|pages=S2|year=2011|last1=Liu|first1=Bingchuan|last2=Chen|first2=Jiajia|last3=Shen|first3=Bairong}}</ref> [[Microarray]] analysis has shown bidirectionally paired genes to be co-expressed to a higher degree than random genes or neighboring unidirectional genes.<ref name="Trinklein" /> Although co-expression does not necessarily indicate co-regulation, [[methylation]] of bidirectional promoter regions has been shown to downregulate both genes, and demethylation to upregulate both genes.<ref name="Shu">{{cite journal|doi=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-2629|pmid=16707430|title=Silencing of Bidirectional Promoters by DNA Methylation in Tumorigenesis|journal=Cancer Research|volume=66|issue=10|pages=5077–84|year=2006|last1=Shu|first1=J.|last2=Jelinek|first2=J|last3=Chang|first3=H|last4=Shen|first4=L|last5=Qin|first5=T|last6=Chung|first6=W|last7=Oki|first7=Y|last8=Issa|first8=J. P.}}</ref> There are exceptions to this, however. In some cases (about 11%), only one gene of a bidirectional pair is expressed.<ref name="Trinklein" /> In these cases, the promoter is implicated in suppression of the non-expressed gene. The mechanism behind this could be competition for the same [[RNA polymerase|polymerases]], or [[chromatin]] modification. Divergent transcription could shift [[nucleosomes]] to upregulate transcription of one gene, or remove bound [[transcription factors]] to downregulate transcription of one gene.<ref name="dx">{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.tig.2011.04.002|pmid=21601935|title=Functional consequences of bidirectional promoters|journal=Trends in Genetics|volume=27|issue=7|pages=267–76|year=2011|last1=Wei|first1=Wu|last2=Pelechano|first2=Vicent|last3=Järvelin|first3=Aino I.|last4=Steinmetz|first4=Lars M.}}</ref>
The overrepresentation of bidirectionally paired DNA repair genes associates these promoters with [[cancer]]. Forty-five percent of human [[Somatic (biology)|somatic]] [[oncogenes]] seem to be regulated by bidirectional promoters - significantly more than non-cancer causing genes. Hypermethylation of the promoters between gene pairs WNT9A/CD558500, CTDSPL/BC040563, and KCNK15/BF195580 has been associated with tumors.<ref name="Shu" />
Certain sequence characteristics have been observed in bidirectional promoters, including a lack of [[TATA box]]es, an abundance of CpG islands, and a symmetry around the midpoint of dominant Cs and As on one side and Gs and Ts on the other. [[CCAAT box]]es are common, as they are in many promoters that lack TATA boxes. In addition, the [[Sequence motif|motifs]] NRF-1, [[GABPA]], [[YY1]],and ACTACAnnTCCC are represented in bidirectional promoters at significantly higher rates than in unidirectional promoters. The absence of TATA boxes in bidirectional promotors suggests that TATA boxes play a role in determining the directionality of promoters, but counterexamples of bidirectional promoters do possess TATA boxes and unidirectional promoters without them indicates that they cannot be the only factor.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1101/gr.5623407|pmid=17568000|title=Transcription factor binding and modified histones in human bidirectional promoters|journal=Genome Research|volume=17|issue=6|pages=818–27|year=2007|last1=Lin|first1=J. M.|last2=Collins|first2=P. J.|last3=Trinklein|first3=N. D.|last4=Fu|first4=Y.|last5=Xi|first5=H.|last6=Myers|first6=R. M.|last7=Weng|first7=Z.}}</ref>
Although the term "bidirectional promoter" refers specifically to promoter regions of [[mRNA]]-encoding genes, [[luciferase]] assays have shown that over half of human genes do not have a strong directional bias. Research suggests that [[non-coding RNAs]] are frequently associated with the promoter regions of mRNA-encoding genes. It has been hypothesized that the recruitment and initiation of [[RNA Polymerase II]] usually begins bidirectionally, but divergent transcription is halted at a checkpoint later during elongation. Possible mechanisms behind this regulation include sequences in the promoter region, chromatin modification, and the spatial orientation of the DNA.<ref name="dx" />
== Subgenomic promoters ==
== Detection of promoters ==
== Gene promoters and diabetes ==
=== Promoter location ===
== Diseases associated with aberrant promoter function ==
This is a [[list of diseases]]{{vague|date=July 2015}} where evidence suggests some promoter malfunction, through either direct [[mutation]] of a promoter sequence or mutation in a [[transcription factor]] or [[Coactivator (genetics)|transcriptional co-activator]].
Not listed here are the many kinds of [[cancer]]s involving aberrant transcriptional regulation owing to creation of [[chimeric gene]]s through pathological [[chromosomal translocation]]. Importantly, intervention in the number or structure of promoter-bound proteins is one key to treating a disease without affecting expression of unrelated genes sharing elements with the target gene.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Copland JA, Sheffield-Moore M, Koldzic-Zivanovic N, Gentry S, Lamprou G, Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou F, Zoumpourlis V, Urban RJ, Vlahopoulos SA | title = Sex steroid receptors in skeletal differentiation and epithelial neoplasia: is tissue-specific intervention possible? | journal = BioEssays | year = 2009 | volume = 31 | issue = 6 | pages = 629–41 | pmid = 19382224 | doi = 10.1002/bies.200800138| last2 = Sheffield-Moore | last3 = Koldzic-Zivanovic | last4 = Gentry | last5 = Lamprou | last6 = Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou | last7 = Zoumpourlis | last8 = Urban | last9 = Vlahopoulos }}</ref> Genes where change is not desirable are capable of influencing the potential of a cell to become cancerous and form a tumor.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Vlahopoulos SA, Logotheti S, Mikas D, Giarika A, Gorgoulis V, Zoumpourlis V | title = The role of ATF-2 in oncogenesis | journal = BioEssays | year = 2008 | volume = 30 | issue = 4 | pages = 314–27 | pmid = 18348191 | doi = 10.1002/bies.20734| last2 = Logotheti | last3 = Mikas | last4 = Giarika | last5 = Gorgoulis | last6 = Zoumpourlis }}</ref>
==Diseases that may be associated with promoter variations==
Some cases of many genetic diseases are associated with variations in promoters or [[transcription factors]].
== Constitutive vs regulated promoters ==
== Use of the word promoter ==
*[http://www.oreganno.org ORegAnno - Open Regulatory Annotation Database]
*[http://www.mybioinfo.info mybioinfo.info] - A search engine that cuts out promoter region sequence of your gene of interest.
*[http://www.switchdb.com SwitchDB] - An online database used to analyze promoters and transcription start sites (TSSs) throughout the human genome.
*[http://www.pleiades.org Pleiades Promoter Project] - a research project with an aim to generate 160 fully characterized, human DNA promoters of less than 4 kb (MiniPromoters) to drive [[gene expression]] in defined brain regions of therapeutic interests. | 2016-10-02T16:16:02Z | Promoters can be about 100–1000 [[base pairs]] long.<ref>{{cite web|title=Analysis of Biological Networks: Transcriptional Networks – Promoter Sequence Analysis|url=http://www.cs.tau.ac.il/~roded/courses/bnet-a06/lec11.pdf|publisher=Tel Aviv University|accessdate=30 December 2012}}</ref>
;In [[bacteria]]: The promoter is recognized by RNA polymerase and an associated [[sigma factor]], which in turn are often brought to the promoter DNA by an activator protein's binding to its own [[DNA binding site]] nearby.
== Elements ==
** A binding site for RNA polymerase
=== Bacterial ===
=== Eukaryotic ===
Eukaryotic promoter regulatory sequences typically bind proteins called transcription factors that are involved in the formation of the transcriptional complex. An example is the [[E-box]] (sequence CACGTG), which binds transcription factors in the [[basic helix-loop-helix]] (bHLH) family (e.g. [[BMAL1-Clock]], [[cMyc]]).<ref>{{Cite journal
====Bidirectional (mammalian)====
Bidirectionally paired genes in the [[Gene Ontology]] database shared at least one database-assigned functional category with their partners 47% of the time.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1186/1752-0509-5-S1-S2|title=Genome-wide analysis of the transcription factor binding preference of human bi-directional promoters and functional annotation of related gene pairs|journal=BMC Systems Biology|volume=5|pages=S2|year=2011|last1=Liu|first1=Bingchuan|last2=Chen|first2=Jiajia|last3=Shen|first3=Bairong}}</ref> [[Microarray]] analysis has shown bidirectionally paired genes to be co-expressed to a higher degree than random genes or neighboring unidirectional genes.<ref name="Trinklein" /> Although co-expression does not necessarily indicate co-regulation, [[methylation]] of bidirectional promoter regions has been shown to downregulate both genes, and demethylation to upregulate both genes.<ref name="Shu">{{cite journal|doi=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-2629|pmid=16707430|title=Silencing of Bidirectional Promoters by DNA Methylation in Tumorigenesis|journal=Cancer Research|volume=66|issue=10|pages=5077–84|year=2006|last1=Shu|first1=J.|last2=Jelinek|first2=J|last3=Chang|first3=H|last4=Shen|first4=L|last5=Qin|first5=T|last6=Chung|first6=W|last7=Oki|first7=Y|last8=Issa|first8=J. P.}}</ref> There are exceptions to this, however. In some cases (about 11%), only one gene of a bidirectional pair is expressed.<ref name="Trinklein" /> In these cases, the promoter is implicated in suppression of the non-expressed gene. The mechanism behind this could be competition for the same polymerases, or [[chromatin]] modification. Divergent transcription could shift [[nucleosomes]] to upregulate transcription of one gene, or remove bound transcription factors to downregulate transcription of one gene.<ref name="dx">{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.tig.2011.04.002|pmid=21601935|title=Functional consequences of bidirectional promoters|journal=Trends in Genetics|volume=27|issue=7|pages=267–76|year=2011|last1=Wei|first1=Wu|last2=Pelechano|first2=Vicent|last3=Järvelin|first3=Aino I.|last4=Steinmetz|first4=Lars M.}}</ref>
The overrepresentation of bidirectionally paired DNA repair genes associates these promoters with [[cancer]]. Forty-five percent of human [[Somatic (biology)|somatic]] [[oncogenes]] seem to be regulated by bidirectional promoters – significantly more than non-cancer causing genes. Hypermethylation of the promoters between gene pairs WNT9A/CD558500, CTDSPL/BC040563, and KCNK15/BF195580 has been associated with tumors.<ref name="Shu" />
Certain sequence characteristics have been observed in bidirectional promoters, including a lack of [[TATA box]]es, an abundance of CpG islands, and a symmetry around the midpoint of dominant Cs and As on one side and Gs and Ts on the other. [[CCAAT box]]es are common, as they are in many promoters that lack TATA boxes. In addition, the [[Sequence motif|motifs]] NRF-1, [[GABPA]], [[YY1]], and ACTACAnnTCCC are represented in bidirectional promoters at significantly higher rates than in unidirectional promoters. The absence of TATA boxes in bidirectional promotors suggests that TATA boxes play a role in determining the directionality of promoters, but counterexamples of bidirectional promoters do possess TATA boxes and unidirectional promoters without them indicates that they cannot be the only factor.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1101/gr.5623407|pmid=17568000|title=Transcription factor binding and modified histones in human bidirectional promoters|journal=Genome Research|volume=17|issue=6|pages=818–27|year=2007|last1=Lin|first1=J. M.|last2=Collins|first2=P. J.|last3=Trinklein|first3=N. D.|last4=Fu|first4=Y.|last5=Xi|first5=H.|last6=Myers|first6=R. M.|last7=Weng|first7=Z.}}</ref>
Although the term "bidirectional promoter" refers specifically to promoter regions of [[mRNA]]-encoding genes, [[luciferase]] assays have shown that over half of human genes do not have a strong directional bias. Research suggests that [[non-coding RNAs]] are frequently associated with the promoter regions of mRNA-encoding genes. It has been hypothesized that the recruitment and initiation of [[RNA polymerase II]] usually begins bidirectionally, but divergent transcription is halted at a checkpoint later during elongation. Possible mechanisms behind this regulation include sequences in the promoter region, chromatin modification, and the spatial orientation of the DNA.<ref name="dx" />
== Subgenomic ==
== Detection ==
== Diabetes ==
=== Location ===
== Diseases associated with aberrant function ==
This is a [[list of diseases]]{{vague|date=July 2015}} where evidence suggests some promoter malfunction, through either direct [[mutation]] of a promoter sequence or mutation in a transcription factor or [[Coactivator (genetics)|transcriptional co-activator]].
Not listed here are the many kinds of cancers involving aberrant transcriptional regulation owing to creation of [[chimeric gene]]s through pathological [[chromosomal translocation]]. Importantly, intervention in the number or structure of promoter-bound proteins is one key to treating a disease without affecting expression of unrelated genes sharing elements with the target gene.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Copland JA, Sheffield-Moore M, Koldzic-Zivanovic N, Gentry S, Lamprou G, Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou F, Zoumpourlis V, Urban RJ, Vlahopoulos SA | title = Sex steroid receptors in skeletal differentiation and epithelial neoplasia: is tissue-specific intervention possible? | journal = BioEssays | year = 2009 | volume = 31 | issue = 6 | pages = 629–41 | pmid = 19382224 | doi = 10.1002/bies.200800138| last2 = Sheffield-Moore | last3 = Koldzic-Zivanovic | last4 = Gentry | last5 = Lamprou | last6 = Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou | last7 = Zoumpourlis | last8 = Urban | last9 = Vlahopoulos }}</ref> Genes where change is not desirable are capable of influencing the potential of a cell to become cancerous and form a tumor.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Vlahopoulos SA, Logotheti S, Mikas D, Giarika A, Gorgoulis V, Zoumpourlis V | title = The role of ATF-2 in oncogenesis | journal = BioEssays | year = 2008 | volume = 30 | issue = 4 | pages = 314–27 | pmid = 18348191 | doi = 10.1002/bies.20734| last2 = Logotheti | last3 = Mikas | last4 = Giarika | last5 = Gorgoulis | last6 = Zoumpourlis }}</ref>
==Diseases that may be associated with variations==
Some cases of many genetic diseases are associated with variations in promoters or transcription factors.
== Constitutive vs regulated ==
== Use of the term ==
*[http://www.oreganno.org ORegAnno – Open Regulatory Annotation Database]
*[http://www.mybioinfo.info mybioinfo.info] – A search engine that cuts out promoter region sequence of your gene of interest.
*[http://www.switchdb.com SwitchDB] – An online database used to analyze promoters and transcription start sites (TSSs) throughout the human genome.
*[http://www.pleiades.org Pleiades Promoter Project] – a research project with an aim to generate 160 fully characterized, human DNA promoters of less than 4 kb (MiniPromoters) to drive [[gene expression]] in defined brain regions of therapeutic interests. | 2016-10-02T16:19:41Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743099139 | In October 2016, Watters was criticized for a segment of "Watters' World" that was widely considered a [[racist]] mockery of [[Asian Americans]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PJmnLzw8NA4|title=Watters' World: Chinatown edition|first=|last=Fox News|date=3 October 2016|publisher=|via=YouTube}}</ref><ref name=times>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/07/business/media/fox-reporter-accused-of-racism-for-chinatown-interviews-on-trump-clinton-and-china.html|title=Fox Reporter Accused of Racism for Chinatown Interviews Expresses ‘Regret’|website=The New York Times|first=Liam|last=Stack|date=October 6, 2016|accessdate=October 6, 2016}}</ref><ref name=beast>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/10/06/why-fox-s-racist-sexist-frat-boy-jesse-watters-will-always-win.html|title=Why Fox’s Racist, Sexist Frat Boy Jesse Watters Will Always Win|website=The Daily Beast|first=Andrew|last=Kirell|date=October 6, 2016|accessdate=October 6, 2016}}</ref> Taking place in New York City’s [[Chinatown]], Watters took to the streets and asked [[Chinese Americans]]—among other things—if they knew [[karate]], if he should bow before he greets them, or if their watches are stolen.<ref name=times/><ref name=mag>{{cite web|url=http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2016/10/fox-news-takes-a-trip-to-chinatown-racism-ensues.html|title=The O’Reilly Factor Takes a Trip to Chinatown. Racism Ensues.|website=New York Magazine|first=Eric|last=Levitz|date=October 5, 2016|accessdate=October 6, 2016}}</ref> Throughout the segment, the 1974 song "[[Kung Fu Fighting]]" plays in the background, and the interviews are interspersed with references to [[martial arts]] and clips of Watters getting a foot massage and playing with [[nunchucks]].<ref name=beast/><ref name=mag/> New York City mayor [[Bill de Blasio]] denounced Watters' segment as "vile, racist behavior" that "has no place in our city".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2016/10/06/nyc-mayor-bill-de-blasio-keep-jesse-watters-off-tv-after-racist-segment/|title=NYC Mayor Bill de Blasio: Keep Jesse Watters off TV after ‘racist’ segment|website=TheBlaze|first=Kate|last=Scanlon|date=October 6, 2016|accessdate=October 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thewrap.com/jesse-watters-racist-chinatown-fox-news-segment-nyc-mayor-bill-de-blasio-vile-oreilly-factor/|title=NYC Mayor Bill de Blasio Wants ‘Vile,’ ‘Racist’ Jesse Watters Off TV After Disastrous Chinatown Segment|website=TheWrap|first=Brian|last=Flood|date=October 6, 2016|accessdate=October 6, 2016}}</ref> Numerous other lawmakers and journalists, including Asian Americans [[Mazie Hirono]] and [[Judy Chu]], also condemned Watters.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediamatters.org/blog/2016/10/06/lawmakers-condemn-vile-and-xenophobic-o-reilly-factor-chinatown-segment/213589|title=Lawmakers Condemn “Vile” And “Xenophobic” O’Reilly Factor Chinatown Segment|website=Media Matters for America|first=Brennan|last=Suen|date=October 6, 2016|accessdate=October 6, 2016}}</ref> | 2016-10-07T20:21:28Z | In October 2016, Watters expressed regret upon receiving widespread criticized for a segment of "Watters' World" that was considered [[racist]] against [[Asian Americans]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PJmnLzw8NA4|title=Watters' World: Chinatown edition|first=|last=Fox News|date=3 October 2016|publisher=|via=YouTube}}</ref><ref name=times>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/07/business/media/fox-reporter-accused-of-racism-for-chinatown-interviews-on-trump-clinton-and-china.html|title=Fox Reporter Accused of Racism for Chinatown Interviews Expresses ‘Regret’|work=[[The New York Times]]|first=Liam|last=Stack|date=October 6, 2016|accessdate=October 6, 2016}}</ref><ref name=beast>{{cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/10/06/why-fox-s-racist-sexist-frat-boy-jesse-watters-will-always-win.html|title=Why Fox’s Racist, Sexist Frat Boy Jesse Watters Will Always Win|website=The Daily Beast|first=Andrew|last=Kirell|date=October 6, 2016|accessdate=October 6, 2016}}</ref> Watters asked [[Chinese Americans]] on the streets of in New York City’s [[Chinatown]] such questions as whether they knew [[karate]], if he should bow before he greets them, or if their watches were stolen.<ref name=times/><ref name=mag>{{cite web|url=http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2016/10/fox-news-takes-a-trip-to-chinatown-racism-ensues.html|title=The O’Reilly Factor Takes a Trip to Chinatown. Racism Ensues.|work=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]|first=Eric|last=Levitz|date=October 5, 2016|accessdate=October 6, 2016}}</ref> Throughout the segment, the 1974 song "[[Kung Fu Fighting]]" plays in the background, and the interviews are interspersed with references to [[martial arts]] and clips of Watters getting a foot massage and playing with [[nunchucks]].<ref name=beast/><ref name=mag/> New York City mayor [[Bill de Blasio]] denounced Watters' segment as "vile, racist behavior" that "has no place in our city".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2016/10/06/nyc-mayor-bill-de-blasio-keep-jesse-watters-off-tv-after-racist-segment/|title=NYC Mayor Bill de Blasio: Keep Jesse Watters off TV after ‘racist’ segment|publisher=TheBlaze.com|first=Kate|last=Scanlon|date=October 6, 2016|accessdate=October 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thewrap.com/jesse-watters-racist-chinatown-fox-news-segment-nyc-mayor-bill-de-blasio-vile-oreilly-factor/|title=NYC Mayor Bill de Blasio Wants ‘Vile,’ ‘Racist’ Jesse Watters Off TV After Disastrous Chinatown Segment|website=TheWrap|first=Brian|last=Flood|date=October 6, 2016|accessdate=October 6, 2016}}</ref> Numerous other lawmakers and journalists, including Asian Americans [[Mazie Hirono]] and [[Judy Chu]], also condemned Watters.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mediamatters.org/blog/2016/10/06/lawmakers-condemn-vile-and-xenophobic-o-reilly-factor-chinatown-segment/213589|title=Lawmakers Condemn “Vile” And “Xenophobic” O’Reilly Factor Chinatown Segment|publisher=Media Matters for America|first=Brennan|last=Suen|date=October 6, 2016|accessdate=October 6, 2016}}</ref> | 2016-10-07T20:25:25Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745970824 | In the 1960s Mali and Senegal each invented their own scripts to write Fula; in the 1970s Nigeria invented its own script too. During the late 1980s, more than 20 Guineans invented new different types of scriptsin order to represent the Fula language, but since the 1966 Bamako convention the UNESCO script has remained the only alphabet recognized as standard for Fula by all institutions in and outside the African continent including the African Union and UNESCO. | 2016-10-24T14:02:34Z | In the 1960s Mali and Senegal each invented their own scripts to write Fula; in the 1970s Nigeria invented its own script too. During the late 1980s, more than 20 Guineans invented new different types of scriptsin order to represent the Fula language, but since the 1966 Bamako convention the UNESCO script has remained the only alphabet recognized as standard for Fula by all institutions in and outside the African continent including the African Union and UNESCO.{{Clarify|reason=Adlam is used for publishing and education, so it's not clear what does "the only alphabet recognized as standard" mean.}} | 2016-10-24T14:04:43Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741756288 | In English informal speech, '''French kiss''', also known as a '''deep kiss''', refers to an amorous [[kiss]] in which the participants' [[tongue]]s extend to touch the other participant's lips or tongue. A "kiss with the tongue" stimulates the partner's lips, tongue and mouth, which are sensitive to the touch and induce physiological sexual arousal. The oral zone is one of the principal [[erogenous zone]]s of the body. The implication is of a slow, passionate kiss which is considered intimate, [[Romance (love)|romantic]], [[erotic]] or [[Human sexuality|sexual]]. American slang synonyms include "swapping spit" and "tonsil hockey". | 2016-09-21T00:27:31Z | In English informal speech, '''French kiss''', also known as a '''deep kiss''', refers to an amorous [[kiss]] in which the participants' [[tongue]]s extend to touch the other participant's lips or tongue. A "kiss with the tongue" stimulates the partner's lips, tongue and mouth, which are sensitive to the touch and induce physiological sexual arousal. French kissing is loved world wide and is recommedned by some doctors because it can actually boost your immune system. The oral zone is one of the principal [[erogenous zone]]s of the body. The implication is of a slow, passionate kiss which is considered intimate, [[Romance (love)|romantic]], [[erotic]] or [[Human sexuality|sexual]]. American slang synonyms include "swapping spit" and "tonsil hockey". | 2016-09-29T13:27:39Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741877690 | ==Anoikis in metastasis== | 2016-05-14T12:40:38Z | ==In metastasis== | 2016-09-30T06:30:43Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741814605 | * 185th New York: Col Gustavus Sniper | 2016-09-21T22:37:39Z | * [[185th New York Volunteer Infantry|185th New York]]: Col Gustavus Sniper | 2016-09-29T20:57:35Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744734808 | used on a given image format give approximately the same DOF. This is a common source of misunderstanding amongst photographers who believe mistakenly that focal length materially affects DOF. It is important to note that this is true ''only'' when the subject distance is small in comparison with the hyperfocal distance; however, this is often the case in many photography scenarios.
The discussion thus far has assumed a symmetrical lens for which the
entrance and exit [[pupil (optics)|pupil]]s coincide with the front and rear [[Nodal point#Nodal points|nodal planes]], and for which the [[pupil magnification]] (the ratio of [[exit pupil]] diameter to that of the [[entrance pupil]])<ref>A well-illustrated discussion of pupils and pupil
magnification that assumes minimal knowledge of optics and mathematics is
given in [[#CITEREFShipman1977|Shipman (1977)]], 144–147).</ref> is unity. Although this assumption usually is reasonable for large-format lenses, it
often is invalid for medium- and small-format lenses. | 2016-10-17T02:50:07Z | used on a given image format give approximately the same DOF.
The discussion thus far has assumed a symmetrical lens for which the entrance and exit [[pupil (optics)|pupil]]s coincide with the front and rear [[Nodal point#Nodal points|nodal planes]], and for which the [[pupil magnification]] (the ratio of [[exit pupil]] diameter to that of the [[entrance pupil]])<ref>A well-illustrated discussion of pupils and pupil magnification that assumes minimal knowledge of optics and mathematics is given in [[#CITEREFShipman1977|Shipman (1977)]], 144–147).</ref> is unity. Although this assumption usually is reasonable for large-format lenses, it often is invalid for medium- and small-format lenses. | 2016-10-17T03:21:36Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745182109 | '''John Englehart''' or Joseph John Englehart (1867–1915), was a prolific American [[landscape painter]] who worked under a number of pseudonyms. Englehart was born on June 14, 1867 in [[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]], Illinois, and died on April 14, 1915 in [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. | 2016-10-07T20:56:15Z | '''John Englehart''' or Joseph John Englehart (1867–1915), was an American [[landscape painter]] who worked under a number of pseudonyms. Englehart was born on June 14, 1867 in [[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]], Illinois, and died on April 14, 1915 in [[Oakland, California|Oakland]], California. | 2016-10-19T18:48:20Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745067524 | | caption = Miu Hiranon in 2011 | 2016-10-11T21:06:44Z | | caption = Miu Hirano in 2011 | 2016-10-19T03:19:21Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741759946 | The nominees for Best Animated Feature Film were selected by a committee consisting of EFA Board Members and representatives from the European Association of Animation Film.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Staff writer|date=2011-09-20|url=http://www.europeanfilmacademy.org/2011/09/20/efa-nominates-three-animation-films/|title=EFA Nominates Three Animation Films|work=europeanfilmacademy.org|publisher=[[European Film Awards]]|accessdate=2011-10-01<!-- |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/625yIJHf8 -->}}</ref>
The nominees for best feature-film debut were selected by a committee consisting of representatives from EFA and the [[International Federation of Film Critics]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Staff writer|date=2011-10-11|url=http://www.europeanfilmacademy.org/2011/10/11/five-debut-films-nominated-for-european-film-awards/|title=Five Debut Films nominated for European Film Awards|work=europeanfilmacademy.org|publisher=[[European Film Awards]]|accessdate=2011-10-16<!-- |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/62TwCOyFh -->}}</ref>
The nominees for Best Short Film were selected by independent juries at a series of film festivals throughout Europe.<ref name=shortfilms>{{Cite web|author=Staff writer|date=2011-09-26|url=http://www.europeanfilmacademy.org/2011/09/26/15-short-films-nominated-for-european-film-awards/|title=15 Short Films Nominated for European Film Awards|work=europeanfilmacademy.org|publisher=[[European Film Awards]]|accessdate=2011-10-01<!-- |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/625xKFYQG -->}}</ref> | 2016-08-22T23:55:56Z | The nominees for Best Animated Feature Film were selected by a committee consisting of EFA Board Members and representatives from the European Association of Animation Film.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Staff writer |date=2011-09-20 |url=http://www.europeanfilmacademy.org/2011/09/20/efa-nominates-three-animation-films/ |title=EFA Nominates Three Animation Films |work=europeanfilmacademy.org |publisher=[[European Film Awards]] |accessdate=2011-10-01<!-- |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/625yIJHf8?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeanfilmacademy.org%2F2011%2F09%2F20%2Fefa-nominates-three-animation-films%2F |deadurl=no |archivedate=2011-09-30 |df= }}</ref>
The nominees for best feature-film debut were selected by a committee consisting of representatives from EFA and the [[International Federation of Film Critics]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Staff writer |date=2011-10-11 |url=http://www.europeanfilmacademy.org/2011/10/11/five-debut-films-nominated-for-european-film-awards/ |title=Five Debut Films nominated for European Film Awards |work=europeanfilmacademy.org |publisher=[[European Film Awards]] |accessdate=2011-10-16<!-- |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/62TwCOyFh?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeanfilmacademy.org%2F2011%2F10%2F11%2Ffive-debut-films-nominated-for-european-film-awards%2F |deadurl=no |archivedate=2011-10-16 |df= }}</ref>
The nominees for Best Short Film were selected by independent juries at a series of film festivals throughout Europe.<ref name=shortfilms>{{Cite web|author=Staff writer |date=2011-09-26 |url=http://www.europeanfilmacademy.org/2011/09/26/15-short-films-nominated-for-european-film-awards/ |title=15 Short Films Nominated for European Film Awards |work=europeanfilmacademy.org |publisher=[[European Film Awards]] |accessdate=2011-10-01<!-- |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/625xKFYQG?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeanfilmacademy.org%2F2011%2F09%2F26%2F15-short-films-nominated-for-european-film-awards%2F |deadurl=no |archivedate=2011-09-30 |df= }}</ref> | 2016-09-29T13:59:46Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743704345 | |Conference=Big East Conference (1979–2013) | 2016-07-15T21:57:13Z | |Conference=Big East Conference
|conference_link=Big East Conference (1979–2013) | 2016-10-10T20:07:25Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744996563 | '''Horsnell Gully Conservation Park''' is a parks in the [[Adelaide Hills|Adelaide foothills]] which is just southwest of [[Norton Summit, South Australia|Norton Summit]] and encompasses several small [[Canyon|gorges]] feeding the [[Adelaide Plains]]. The park adjoins the [[Giles Conservation Park]] which was formerly the park's upper eastern section. The park contains a small seasonal [[waterfall]] and a number of walking trails including one that is part of the [[Heysen Trail]]. It is classified as an [[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]] [[IUCN protected area categories#Category III — Natural Monument or Feature|Category III protected area]].<ref name=brochure>{{cite web|title= Horsnell Gully Conservation Park and Giles Conservation Park (brochure, revised October 2010) |url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/019f326d-64d1-4af5-b66c-9ec200b47123/psa-gen-horsnellgullygilescp.pdf|publisher=Department of Environment Water and Natural Resources|accessdate=10 April 2014|pages=}}</ref><ref name=CAPAD2014SASum>{{cite web|title= Terrestrial Protected Areas of South Australia (see 'DETAIL' tab)|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/d00ca066-1c8c-412a-9e16-2a37647454a7/files/capad2014sa.xlsx|work=CAPAD 2012|publisher=Australian Government - Department of the Environment|accessdate=13 March 2015|date=2014}}</ref> | 2016-10-18T12:47:07Z | '''Horsnell Gully Conservation Park''' is a [[protected area]] in the Australian state of [[South Australia]] located in the [[Adelaide Hills|Adelaide foothills]] southwest of [[Norton Summit, South Australia|Norton Summit]] and includes several small [[Canyon|gorges]] feeding the [[Adelaide Plains]]. It adjoins the [[Giles Conservation Park]] which was formerly the conservation park's upper eastern section. It contains a small seasonal [[waterfall]] and a number of walking trails including one that is part of the [[Heysen Trail]]. It is classified as an [[International Union for Conservation of Nature|IUCN]] [[IUCN protected area categories#Category III — Natural Monument or Feature|Category III protected area]].<ref name=brochure>{{cite web|title= Horsnell Gully Conservation Park and Giles Conservation Park (brochure, revised October 2010) |url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/019f326d-64d1-4af5-b66c-9ec200b47123/psa-gen-horsnellgullygilescp.pdf|publisher=Department of Environment Water and Natural Resources|accessdate=10 April 2014|pages=}}</ref><ref name=CAPAD2014SASum>{{cite web|title= Terrestrial Protected Areas of South Australia (see 'DETAIL' tab)|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/d00ca066-1c8c-412a-9e16-2a37647454a7/files/capad2014sa.xlsx|work=CAPAD 2012|publisher=Australian Government - Department of the Environment|accessdate=13 March 2015|date=2014}}</ref> | 2016-10-18T18:21:05Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742465596 | An '''electronic book''' (or '''e-book''') is a [[book]] publication made available in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, readable on computers or other electronic devices.<ref>Gardiner, Eileen and Ronald G. Musto. "The Electronic Book." In Suarez, Michael Felix, and H. R. Woudhuysen. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/370356568 ''The Oxford Companion to the Book.''] Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010, p. 164.</ref> Although sometimes defined as "an electronic version of a printed book",<ref>"[http://oxforddictionaries.com/view/entry/m_en_us1242960 e-book]". Oxford Dictionaries. April 2010. Oxford Dictionaries. April 2010. Oxford University Press. (accessed September 2, 2010).</ref> some e-books exist without a printed equivalent. With e-books, "[e]lectronic bookmarks make referencing easier, and e-book readers may allow the user to annotate pages." <ref>http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/42214/e-book </ref> "Although fiction and non-fiction books come in e-book formats, technical material is especially suited for e-book delivery because it can be [electronically] searched" for keywords. In addition, for programming books, code examples can be copied.<ref>http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/42214/e-book </ref>
The main reasons that people are buying e-books online are lower prices, increased comfort (as they can buy from home or on the go with mobile devices) and a larger selection of titles.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/Do-e-books-really-threaten-the-future-of-print/articleshow/46581815.cms|title=Do e-books really threaten the future of print?|last=Bhardwaj|first=Deepika|date=2015|work=newspaper|access-date=May 6, 2016|via=}}</ref> E-book reading is increasing in the U.S.; by 2014 28% of adults had read an e-book, compared to 23% in 2013. This is increasing because by 2014, 50% of American adults had a dedicated device, either an e-reader or a tablet, compared to 30% owning such a device at the end of 2013.<ref>[http://www.pewinternet.org/files/old-media//Files/Reports/2014/PIP_E-reading_011614.pdf E-reading rises as device ownership jumps]. Pew Research. Retrieved 24 July 2014.</ref> | 2016-10-03T21:59:01Z | An '''electronic book''' (or '''e-book''') is a [[book]] publication made available in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, readable on computers or other electronic devices.<ref>Gardiner, Eileen and Ronald G. Musto. "The Electronic Book." In Suarez, Michael Felix, and H. R. Woudhuysen. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/370356568 ''The Oxford Companion to the Book.''] Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010, p. 164.</ref> Although sometimes defined as "an electronic version of a printed book",<ref>"[http://oxforddictionaries.com/view/entry/m_en_us1242960 e-book]". Oxford Dictionaries. April 2010. Oxford Dictionaries. April 2010. Oxford University Press. (accessed September 2, 2010).</ref> some e-books exist without a printed equivalent.
The main reasons that people are buying e-books online are lower prices, increased comfort (as they can buy from home or on the go with mobile devices) and a larger selection of titles.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/books/features/Do-e-books-really-threaten-the-future-of-print/articleshow/46581815.cms|title=Do e-books really threaten the future of print?|last=Bhardwaj|first=Deepika|date=2015|work=newspaper|access-date=May 6, 2016|via=}}</ref>With e-books, "[e]lectronic bookmarks make referencing easier, and e-book readers may allow the user to annotate pages." <ref>http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/42214/e-book </ref> "Although fiction and non-fiction books come in e-book formats, technical material is especially suited for e-book delivery because it can be [electronically] searched" for keywords. In addition, for programming books, code examples can be copied.<ref>http://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/42214/e-book </ref>E-book reading is increasing in the U.S.; by 2014 28% of adults had read an e-book, compared to 23% in 2013. This is increasing because by 2014, 50% of American adults had a dedicated device, either an e-reader or a tablet, compared to 30% owning such a device at the end of 2013.<ref>[http://www.pewinternet.org/files/old-media//Files/Reports/2014/PIP_E-reading_011614.pdf E-reading rises as device ownership jumps]. Pew Research. Retrieved 24 July 2014.</ref> | 2016-10-03T22:00:30Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744403072 | |caption = as seen from its outlet
|location = [[Webb, New York|Webb]] / [[Long Lake, New York|Long Lake]], [[New York (state)|New York]],<br>[[United States]]
|length = 3 miles (4.8 km)
|width = 1 miles (1.2 km)
|cities = [[Moose, New York|Moose]]
''' Big Moose Lake''', at the head of the [[Moose River (New York)|Moose River]], is a large lake about five miles (8 km) north of [[Fulton Chain Lakes|Fourth Lake]] in the [[Adirondacks]] in [[upstate New York]]. It is a popular spot amongst tourists all year round: boating, water skiing and hiking in the summer; [[cross-country skiing]] and snowmobiling in the winter. It is home to the Big Moose Water Ski Club that consists of residents of the lake.
Located in the central-western part of the Adirondack region, Big Moose Lake covers {{convert|1265|acre}} in surface area. It is approximately three miles long and almost a mile wide (4.8x1.25 km), running in an east-west direction along its major axis.<ref>[http://www.adirondacklakessurvey.org/monthly2.html Big Moose Lake], Adirondack Lakes Survey Corporation. 2005. Last accessed September 2, 2006.</ref> The lake ranges in depth from 30 to 70 feet (9 to 21 m) in its deepest parts.<ref>[http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dfwmr/fish/lakemaps/bmoolkmap.pdf Big Moose Lake], [[New York State Department of Environmental Conservation]]. Last accessed September 2, 2006.</ref> With minimal road access, the lake is not heavily populated, experiencing its peak during the summer months (June – August) when vacationers arrive at their summer homes or stay at local rustic resorts. In the summer, temperatures average from nightly lows of {{convert|45|°F|°C|abbr=on}} to daytime highs of 75 °F (7 – 24 °C). In winter, the lake completely freezes over and temperatures during the day reach an average high of {{convert|20|°F|°C|abbr=on}} and an average nightly low of 5 °F (−7 °C to −15 °C).<ref>[http://english.wunderground.com/NORMS/DisplayNORMS.asp?AirportCode=KGTB&SafeCityName=Eagle_Bay&StateCode=NY&Units=none&IATA=UCA Average High/Low Temperatures for KGTB] Weather Underground. Last accessed September 2, 2006.</ref>[[Image:Big Moose Lake NY USA Architecture.jpg|left|thumb|Vertical, half-log architecture at<br>Covewood Lodge]]
The area was settled primarily during the late 19th and early 20th centuries by people arriving on the first railroad through the uninhabited Adirondack wilderness. Early trappers and hunters of the Adirondacks became guides there, eventually establishing permanent camps and hotels. Businessmen, in the style of the [[Great Camp Sagamore|Great Camps]] of the [[Vanderbilt family|Vanderbilts]] and [[J. P. Morgan|Morgans]], built private summer homes and brought their families. Some of these lodges still exist and the Big Moose Lake area is historically significant for its unique architecture utilizing vertical half-log construction in lodges and cabins.
Big Moose Lake was the setting of ''[[An American Tragedy]]'', a novel by [[Theodore Dreiser]]. It is based on the true story of Chester Gillette, who was convicted and executed for the drowning of Grace Brown in the South Bay of Big Moose Lake in the first part of the 20th century. (The name Dreiser gave the lake where the murder took place was Big Bittern Lake, although he did visit Big Moose Lake and used it as a model for his fictional version.) The [[Academy Award]] winning film, ''[[A Place in the Sun (film)|A Place in the Sun]]'', starring [[Elizabeth Taylor]], [[Shelley Winters]] and [[Montgomery Clift]], is based on the book. The [[murder of Grace Brown]] continues to gain notoriety as claims of ghost sightings around the lake occur. In 1996, the television series ''[[Unsolved Mysteries]]'' aired an [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0795299/ episode] reenacting the tragedy, focusing on two such sighting incidents. On July 11, 2006 a wreath-laying ceremony took place on South Bay in observance of the centennial of Brown's death. A small flotilla of watercraft participated.
A historical novel by [[Jennifer Donnelly]], ''[[A Northern Light]]'' (2003), also takes its plot from the murder, but is told from the perspective of a young girl working at the Glenmore (a lodge) on the Lake. The lake and the surrounding community also play a prominent role in Robert Tucker's 2013 novel, Sasquatch Camp.
*[[Big Moose, New York]]
*[[Eagle Bay, New York]]
*[[Inlet, New York]]
*[[Old Forge, New York]]
*[[Thendara, New York]] | 2016-10-14T04:01:54Z | |caption = Big Moose Lake, as seen from its outlet
|location = [[Webb, New York|Webb]] and [[Long Lake, New York|Long Lake]],<br/>[[New York (state)|New York]], [[United States]]
|length = {{convert|3|mi|abbr=on}}
|width = {{convert|1|mi|abbr=on}}
|cities = Big Moose
''' Big Moose Lake''', at the head of the [[Moose River (New York)|Moose River]], is a large lake about {{convert|5|mi|spell=in}} north of [[Fulton Chain Lakes|Fourth Lake]] in the [[Adirondacks]] in [[upstate New York]]. The lake is part of [[Herkimer County, New York|Herkimer]] and [[Hamilton County, New York|Hamilton]] counties,<ref name=GNIS_BM_lake>{{cite GNIS|969881|Big Moose Lake|October 14, 2016}}</ref> covering portions of the the towns of [[Webb, New York|Webb]] and [[Long Lake, New York|Long Lake]]. Located southwest of the lake is the [[hamlet (place)|hamlet]] of '''Big Moose'''.<ref name=GNIS_BM_ham>{{cite GNIS|943929|Big Moose|October 14, 2016}}</ref> The lake and its surrounding region are a popular spot for tourists year-round; boating, water-skiing and hiking are available in the summer, and [[cross-country skiing]] and snowmobiling take place in the winter. It is home to the Big Moose Water Ski Club that consists of residents of the region.
Located in the central-western part of the Adirondack region, Big Moose Lake covers {{convert|1265|acre|km2}} in surface area. It is approximately {{convert|3|mi|spell=in}} long and almost {{convert|1|mi|spell=in}} wide, running in an east-west direction along its major axis.<ref>[http://www.adirondacklakessurvey.org/monthly2.html Big Moose Lake], Adirondack Lakes Survey Corporation. 2005. Last accessed September 2, 2006.</ref> The lake ranges in depth from {{convert|30|to|70|ft}} in its deepest parts.<ref>[http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/dfwmr/fish/lakemaps/bmoolkmap.pdf Big Moose Lake], [[New York State Department of Environmental Conservation]]. Last accessed September 2, 2006.</ref> With minimal road access, the lake's shore is not heavily populated, experiencing its peak during the summer months when vacationers arrive at their summer homes or stay at local resorts. In the summer, temperatures average from nightly lows of {{convert|45|°F|°C|abbr=on}} to daytime highs of {{convert|75|°F|°C|abbr=on}}. In winter, the lake completely freezes over and temperatures during the day reach an average high of {{convert|20|°F|°C|abbr=on}} and an average nightly low of {{convert|5|°F|°C|abbr=on}}.<ref>[http://english.wunderground.com/NORMS/DisplayNORMS.asp?AirportCode=KGTB&SafeCityName=Eagle_Bay&StateCode=NY&Units=none&IATA=UCA Average High/Low Temperatures for KGTB] Weather Underground. Last accessed September 2, 2006.</ref>[[Image:Big Moose Lake NY USA Architecture.jpg|left|thumb|Vertical, half-log architecture at<br/>Covewood Lodge]]
The lake's region was settled primarily during the late 19th and early 20th centuries by people arriving on the first railroad through the uninhabited Adirondack wilderness. Early trappers and hunters of the Adirondacks became guides there, eventually establishing permanent camps and hotels. Businessmen, in the style of the [[Great Camp Sagamore|Great Camps]] of the [[Vanderbilt family|Vanderbilts]] and [[J. P. Morgan|Morgans]], built private summer homes and brought their families. Some of these lodges still exist and the Big Moose Lake area is historically significant for its unique architecture utilizing vertical half-log construction in lodges and cabins.
Big Moose Lake was the setting of ''[[An American Tragedy]]'', a novel by [[Theodore Dreiser]]. It is based on the true story of Chester Gillette, who was convicted and executed for the [[murder of Grace Brown|drowning of Grace Brown]] in the South Bay of Big Moose Lake in the first part of the 20th century. (The name Dreiser gave the lake where the murder took place was Big Bittern Lake, although he did visit Big Moose Lake and used it as a model for his fictional version.) The [[Academy Award]]-winning film, ''[[A Place in the Sun (film)|A Place in the Sun]]'', starring [[Elizabeth Taylor]], [[Shelley Winters]] and [[Montgomery Clift]], is based on the book. The murder of Grace Brown continues to gain notoriety as claims of ghost sightings around the lake occur. In 1996, the television series ''[[Unsolved Mysteries]]'' aired an [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0795299/ episode] reenacting the tragedy, focusing on two such reported sightings. On July 11, 2006 a wreath-laying ceremony took place on South Bay in observance of the centennial of Brown's death. A small flotilla of watercraft participated.
A historical novel by [[Jennifer Donnelly]], ''[[A Northern Light]]'' (2003), also takes its plot from the murder, but is told from the perspective of a young girl working at the Glenmore (a lodge) on the lake. The lake and the surrounding community also play a prominent role in Robert Tucker's 2013 novel, Sasquatch Camp.
*Big Moose
*[[Eagle Bay, New York|Eagle Bay]]
*[[Inlet, New York|Inlet]]
*[[Old Forge, New York|Old Forge]]
*[[Thendara, New York|Thendara]] | 2016-10-15T00:22:19Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743233671 | <noinclude><!-- don't place any text above this line -->
(1) Please do not move or remove the <noinclude> tags; they are used to transclude this state's "Commercial Service – Primary" airports in the [[List of airports in the United States]]. Also please do not add columns to the table since all the U.S. state lists are using the same format so that they can be transcluded into a single sortable table.
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| align=right | 58,323 (2013 Enplanements)
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(1) Please do not move or remove the onlyinclude tags; they are used to transclude this state's "Commercial Service – Primary" airports in the [[List of airports in the United States]]. Also please do not add columns to the table since all the U.S. state lists are using the same format so that they can be transcluded into a single sortable table.
<onlyinclude><!-- lines above and below must not be blank -->
| align=right | 58,323 (2013)
| align=right | 126,364 (2013)
| align=right | 59,846 (2013)
| align=right | 78,395 (2013)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742800701 | {{multiple issues
|
There are a wide variety of approaches to analyzing personal coloring. The most well-known is "seasonal" color analysis, which places individual coloring into four general categories: Winter, Spring, Summer and Autumn. More recent systems subdivide the seasons into 12 or 16 categories. Many different versions of seasonal analysis have been developed and promoted by image and color consultants worldwide. Some color analysis systems classify an individual's personal combination of hair color, eye color and skin tone using labels that refer to a color's “temperature” (cool blue vs. warm yellow) and the degree to which the hair, skin and eye colors contrast. Color analysis demonstrates how colors are capable of being flattering or, conversely, unflattering. Colors that are unsuitable for the individual can make a person look pale, for instance, or draw attention to such flaws as wrinkles or uneven skin tone.
==Early History of Color Analysis (1850s-early 1970s)==
[[Albert Henry Munsell]] (1858-1918) was an American painter, teacher of art, and the inventor of the [[Munsell color system]]. He had visited the tapestry works of [[Chevreul]] and studied color in France. Munsell classified colors according to value, hue, and chroma. Value is the [[lightness]] or darkness of the color. [[Hue]] is the pure color, and chroma is the [[colorfulness]] or intensity of the color. After Munsell's death, one of his sons took over his business and started the Munsell Color Foundation. By the 1920s, a color revolution had occurred in the U.S.A. with the development of new color industries, including also the production of color swatch books used as a marketing tool.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Blaszczyk|first1=Regina Lee|title=The Color Revolution|date=2012|publisher=MIT|isbn=0262017776}}</ref>
[[Johannes Itten]] (1888–1967) published ''The Art of Color'' in 1961.<ref>Johannes Itten, ''The Art of Color'' ISBN 0-442-24038-4</ref> He was a Swiss-born artist and art educator who expounded upon the principles of simultaneous contrast which [[Chevreul]] set forth in his 1839 treatise. Itten proposed the notion of "subjective color," which he discovered while teaching a class assignment on color harmony in 1928. The students chose colors, lines and orientation that showed themselves "as they are." To Itten, subjective color is "the aura of the person."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Itten|first1=Johannes|title=The Art of Color: The Subjective Experience and Objective Rationale of Color|date=1961|publisher=Reinhold Publishing|location=New York|page=25}}</ref> For example, a high contrast brunette will choose dark colors and high contrast, "suggesting a lively and concentrated personality and intense feeling." On the other hand, for a fair woman of low contrast the "fundamental contrast is hue."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Itten|first1=Johannes|title=The Art of Color|page=25}}</ref> He links these subjective colors to the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn, and winter and notes: "Every woman should know what colors are becoming to her; they will always be her subjective colors and their complements."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Itten|first1=Johannes|title=The Art of Color: The Subjective Experience and Objective Rationale of Color|date=1961|publisher=Reinhold Publishing|location=New York|page=32}}</ref> Itten believed that "subjective colors" were of a lower artistic value and significance than what he deemed "objective colors," color harmonies of a higher order.
'''Robert C. Dorr''' (1905-1979) was an American artist who observed, in 1928, the harmonious effects of paint colors when using the same undertone of either blue or yellow. In 1934, in Chicago, Dorr began working on furniture design using his own color theory of undertones and developed his ideas on color psychology. He worked on a textile group for a manufacturer, after which he began working as a professional color consultant for cosmetics companies.<ref>{{cite web|title="The Beginnings of Customized Palettes"|url=http://colorhistory.wix.com/blueyellow#!The-Beginnings-of-Customized-Palettes/cu6k/55bd07590cf22a872584b8d6|website=Blue/Yellow}}</ref> Dorr created the Color Key System using color palettes where an individual's complexion is either cool (Key I) or warm (Key II).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Knapp|first1=Renae|last2=Dorr|first2=Dee|title=Beyond the Color Explosion: The Color Key Program|date=1985|publisher=Rainy Day|isbn=978-0961534608}}</ref> Those who are Key I have blue skin undertones, hair colors, even blue-white teeth, while Key II individuals have yellow skin undertones and hair colors, and creamy white teeth. The Color Key Program consists of two palettes divided into blue or yellow undertones, Key I and II, each containing 170 colors per fan. In Key I, orange is not represented in the palette, whereas in the Key II palette, magenta is missing. Orange and magenta are the color indicants of yellow and blue undertones. Dorr's Color Key Program took all races into consideration and no race was limited to any one Key palette.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kefgen|first1=Mary|last2=Touchie-Specht|first2=Phyllis|title=Individuality in Clothing Selection and Personal Appearance|date=1986|publisher=Macmillan|page=359}}</ref> After moving to California in the late 1950s, Dorr taught courses and gave lectures on his Color Key Program until his death in 1979. The color company Devoe Reynolds originally developed, in paint chips, their Key 1 & Key 2 color matching system from Robert Dorr.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Colby|first1=Barbara|title=A Fail-Safe Color Selection|url=https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=http%3A%2F%2Fmobile.presskit247.com%2FEDocs%2FSite696%2FFail-Safe%2520Color%2520Selection_Barbara%2520Colby.doc}}</ref> According to Bernice Kentner, Dorr is the originator and "unsung hero" of color analysis.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kentner|first1=Bernice|title=A Rainbow in Your Eyes|date=1981|publisher=KenKra Publishers|location=Concord, CA|page=5}}</ref>
'''Suzanne Caygill''' (1911–1994) was an American fashion designer and color theorist who developed the Caygill Method of Color Analysis. A milliner, poet, dress designer and night club singer as a young adult, Caygill turned her attention to color in 1945 and worked the rest of her life creating individual style guides and color palettes for clients and teaching design seminars. Caygill may have been influenced by her association with Edith Head, wardrobe designer and consultant to Hollywood studios and stars. She was likely influenced by Robert Dorr's Color Key Program, already in popular usage when Caygill began focusing on color more intently. Dorr and Caygill were also both working in interior design and color psychology in the late 1940s and 50s. In the 1950s, Caygill starred in a self-improvement television program on fashion and relationships, "Living With Suzanne," which aired on CBS in Los Angeles, and began to teach seminars in which she described her work on style, personality, line, and color.<ref>{{cite web|title="Was Suzanne Caygill the Originator?"|url=http://colorhistory.wix.com/blueyellow#!Was-Suzanne-Caygill-the-Originator/cu6k/55b8ee520cf267673a7d929b|website=Blue/Yellow|accessdate=17 April 2016}}</ref> Many devotees attended her classes, adapted and popularized her theories of personality style and color analysis in the late 1970s and 80s. In 1980, she published ''Color: the Essence of You'' and established the Academy of Color. In this book, Caygill identified a wide range of sub-groups within each season, and gave them descriptive names such as “Early Spring”, “Metallic Autumn”, or “Dynamic Winter”, each with its own set of special characteristics. Caygill believed in the fundamental link between style, color and a person's personality. The Suzanne Caygill Papers, Circa 1950-1990, are held within the Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library, Cornell University.<ref>The Suzanne Caygill Papers, Circa 1950-1990, Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York</ref>
==Prominent Systems of Seasonal Color Analysis Since the mid 1970s==
Jackson utilized a seasonal color system less complicated than Caygill’s, and sought to assist each reader to find her own "thirty special colors."<ref>The front cover of ''Color Me Beautiful'' contains the promise, "Whatever your style or mood, you'll glow in your thirty special colors!" Carole Jackson, ''Color Me Beautiful''. New York: Ballantine, 1980 (revised edition, 1985).</ref> | 2016-10-05T14:09:58Z | {{multiple issues|
There are a wide variety of approaches to analyzing personal coloring. The most well-known is "seasonal" color analysis, which places individual coloring into four general categories: Winter, Spring, Summer and Autumn. More recent systems subdivide the seasons into 12 or 16 categories. Many different versions of seasonal analysis have been developed and promoted by image and color consultants worldwide. Some color analysis systems classify an individual's personal combination of hair color, eye color and skin tone using labels that refer to a color's "temperature" (cool blue vs. warm yellow) and the degree to which the hair, skin and eye colors contrast. Color analysis demonstrates how colors are capable of being flattering or, conversely, unflattering. Colors that are unsuitable for the individual can make a person look pale, for instance, or draw attention to such flaws as wrinkles or uneven skin tone.
==Early history (1850s–early 1970s)==
[[Albert Henry Munsell]] (1858–1918) was an American painter, teacher of art, and the inventor of the [[Munsell color system]]. He had visited the tapestry works of [[Chevreul]] and studied color in France. Munsell classified colors according to value, hue, and chroma. Value is the [[lightness]] or darkness of the color. [[Hue]] is the pure color, and chroma is the [[colorfulness]] or intensity of the color. After Munsell's death, one of his sons took over his business and started the Munsell Color Foundation. By the 1920s, a color revolution had occurred in the U.S.A. with the development of new color industries, including also the production of color swatch books used as a marketing tool.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Blaszczyk|first1=Regina Lee|title=The Color Revolution|date=2012|publisher=MIT|isbn=0262017776}}</ref>
[[Johannes Itten]] (1888–1967) published ''The Art of Color'' in 1961.<ref>Johannes Itten, ''The Art of Color'' ISBN 0-442-24038-4</ref> He was a Swiss-born artist and art educator who expounded upon the principles of simultaneous contrast which [[Chevreul]] set forth in his 1839 treatise. Itten proposed the notion of "subjective color", which he discovered while teaching a class assignment on color harmony in 1928. The students chose colors, lines and orientation that showed themselves "as they are". To Itten, subjective color is "the aura of the person."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Itten|first1=Johannes|title=The Art of Color: The Subjective Experience and Objective Rationale of Color|date=1961|publisher=Reinhold Publishing|location=New York|page=25}}</ref> For example, a high contrast brunette will choose dark colors and high contrast, "suggesting a lively and concentrated personality and intense feeling." On the other hand, for a fair woman of low contrast the "fundamental contrast is hue".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Itten|first1=Johannes|title=The Art of Color|page=25}}</ref> He links these subjective colors to the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn, and winter and notes: "Every woman should know what colors are becoming to her; they will always be her subjective colors and their complements."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Itten|first1=Johannes|title=The Art of Color: The Subjective Experience and Objective Rationale of Color|date=1961|publisher=Reinhold Publishing|location=New York|page=32}}</ref> Itten believed that "subjective colors" were of a lower artistic value and significance than what he deemed "objective colors," color harmonies of a higher order.
'''Robert C. Dorr''' (1905–1979) was an American artist who observed, in 1928, the harmonious effects of paint colors when using the same undertone of either blue or yellow. In 1934, in Chicago, Dorr began working on furniture design using his own color theory of undertones and developed his ideas on color psychology. He worked on a textile group for a manufacturer, after which he began working as a professional color consultant for cosmetics companies.<ref>{{cite web|title="The Beginnings of Customized Palettes"|url=http://colorhistory.wix.com/blueyellow#!The-Beginnings-of-Customized-Palettes/cu6k/55bd07590cf22a872584b8d6|website=Blue/Yellow}}</ref> Dorr created the Color Key System using color palettes where an individual's complexion is either cool (Key I) or warm (Key II).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Knapp|first1=Renae|last2=Dorr|first2=Dee|title=Beyond the Color Explosion: The Color Key Program|date=1985|publisher=Rainy Day|isbn=978-0961534608}}</ref> Those who are Key I have blue skin undertones, hair colors, even blue-white teeth, while Key II individuals have yellow skin undertones and hair colors, and creamy white teeth. The Color Key Program consists of two palettes divided into blue or yellow undertones, Key I and II, each containing 170 colors per fan. In Key I, orange is not represented in the palette, whereas in the Key II palette, magenta is missing. Orange and magenta are the color indicants of yellow and blue undertones. Dorr's Color Key Program took all races into consideration and no race was limited to any one Key palette.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kefgen|first1=Mary|last2=Touchie-Specht|first2=Phyllis|title=Individuality in Clothing Selection and Personal Appearance|date=1986|publisher=Macmillan|page=359}}</ref> After moving to California in the late 1950s, Dorr taught courses and gave lectures on his Color Key Program until his death in 1979. The color company Devoe Reynolds originally developed, in paint chips, their Key 1 & Key 2 color matching system from Robert Dorr.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Colby|first1=Barbara|title=A Fail-Safe Color Selection|url=https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=http%3A%2F%2Fmobile.presskit247.com%2FEDocs%2FSite696%2FFail-Safe%2520Color%2520Selection_Barbara%2520Colby.doc}}</ref> According to Bernice Kentner, Dorr is the originator and "unsung hero" of color analysis.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kentner|first1=Bernice|title=A Rainbow in Your Eyes|date=1981|publisher=KenKra Publishers|location=Concord, CA|page=5}}</ref>
'''Suzanne Caygill''' (1911–1994) was an American fashion designer and color theorist who developed the Caygill Method of Color Analysis. A milliner, poet, dress designer and night club singer as a young adult, Caygill turned her attention to color in 1945 and worked the rest of her life creating individual style guides and color palettes for clients and teaching design seminars. Caygill may have been influenced by her association with Edith Head, wardrobe designer and consultant to Hollywood studios and stars. She was likely influenced by Robert Dorr's Color Key Program, already in popular usage when Caygill began focusing on color more intently. Dorr and Caygill were also both working in interior design and color psychology in the late 1940s and 50s. In the 1950s, Caygill starred in a self-improvement television program on fashion and relationships, "Living With Suzanne," which aired on CBS in Los Angeles, and began to teach seminars in which she described her work on style, personality, line, and color.<ref>{{cite web|title="Was Suzanne Caygill the Originator?"|url=http://colorhistory.wix.com/blueyellow#!Was-Suzanne-Caygill-the-Originator/cu6k/55b8ee520cf267673a7d929b|website=Blue/Yellow|accessdate=17 April 2016}}</ref> Many devotees attended her classes, adapted and popularized her theories of personality style and color analysis in the late 1970s and 80s. In 1980, she published ''Color: the Essence of You'' and established the Academy of Color. In this book, Caygill identified a wide range of sub-groups within each season, and gave them descriptive names such as "Early Spring", "Metallic Autumn", or "Dynamic Winter", each with its own set of special characteristics. Caygill believed in the fundamental link between style, color and a person's personality. The Suzanne Caygill Papers, circa 1950–1990, are held within the Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library, Cornell University.<ref>The Suzanne Caygill Papers, Circa 1950-1990, Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York</ref>
==Prominent systems of seasonal color analysis since the mid-1970s==
Jackson utilized a seasonal color system less complicated than Caygill's, and sought to assist each reader to find her own "thirty special colors."<ref>The front cover of ''Color Me Beautiful'' contains the promise, "Whatever your style or mood, you'll glow in your thirty special colors!" Carole Jackson, ''Color Me Beautiful''. New York: Ballantine, 1980 (revised edition, 1985).</ref> | 2016-10-05T21:43:27Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741607638 | The [[life expectancy]] of a [[cat]] that is kept indoors is typically 12–16 years. The life expectancy of a cat living outdoors is typically 2-5 years. Cats living outdoors<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.somerzby.com.au/blog/cat-questions-faq/|title=50 Most Popular Cat Questions Answered|last=|first=|date=|website=Somerzby|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> usually have a much shorter life expectancy due mainly to external environmental conditions and dangers such as traffic accidents, intentional acts of violence, poisoning, diseases from other cats, and fighting with other animals. However, some cats may attain the age of 21 years or more.<ref>[http://cats.about.com/cs/catmanagement101/f/lifespan_cats.htm "What is the life span of the common cat?"], [[About.com]].</ref> By comparison, the average life expectancy of [[Life expectancy#Humans|humans]] in the United States at birth in 2014 was 79.56 years.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html CIA - The World Factbook -- Rank Order - Life expectancy of humans at birth].</ref> A one-year-old cat is roughly comparable, in developmental terms, to a 15-year-old-human. Subsequent years of a cat's life add progressively fewer years to its human age equivalent, so that a 15-year-old cat is roughly comparable, developmentally, to a 76-year-old human.<ref>[http://cats.about.com/cs/healthissues/a/agechart.htm "Cats Age Conversion Chart"], [[About.com]].</ref> | 2016-09-28T15:32:18Z | The [[life expectancy]] of a [[cat]] that is kept indoors is typically 12–16 years. The life expectancy of a cat living outdoors is typically 2-5 years. Cats living outdoors<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.somerzby.com.au/blog/cat-questions-faq/|title=50 Most Popular Cat Questions Answered|last=|first=|date=|website=Somerzby|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> usually have a much shorter life expectancy due mainly to external environmental conditions and dangers such as traffic accidents, intentional acts of violence, poisoning, diseases from other cats, and fighting with other animals. However, some cats may attain the age of 21 years or more.<ref>[http://cats.about.com/cs/catmanagement101/f/lifespan_cats.htm "What is the life span of the common cat?"], [[About.com]].</ref> By comparison, the average life expectancy of [[Life expectancy#Humans|humans]] in the United States at birth in 2014 was 79.56 years.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html CIA - The World Factbook -- Rank Order - Life expectancy of humans at birth].</ref> | 2016-09-28T15:32:38Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743056554 | Sebei likes listening to Ska Music such as [[NOFX]], [[The Misfits]], and [[Against Me!]]. He is also an avid hockey fan particularly the [[Montreal Canadians]]. Sami Zayn also enjoys [[The Simpsons]] and [[Forensic Files]]. | 2016-10-06T23:13:35Z | Sebei likes listening to Ska & Punk Music such as [[NOFX]], [[The Misfits]], and [[Against Me!]]. He is also an avid hockey fan particularly the [[Montreal Canadians]]. Sami Zayn also enjoys [[The Simpsons]] and [[Forensic Files]]. | 2016-10-07T14:36:03Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745471936 | Crowborough hockey club has four male and two female teams, playing their home matches at Beacon Community College. Established 50 years ago they play their fixtures throughout the county in the Sussex league.
The town also has its own fishing association. It owns two lakes in the town with waters in nearby Eridge and Marsfield as well as lakes around Sussex. There is a thriving senior section but they also boast a successful junior programme, fishing every other Saturday from June until the climax of the season with a joint junior and adult match on the first Saturday in October. | 2016-10-21T09:51:26Z | Crowborough hockey club has four male and two female teams, playing their home matches at Beacon Community College. Established 50 years ago they play their fixtures throughout the county in the Sussex league.{{cn}} | 2016-10-21T09:58:38Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743437732 | '''''Dead Like Me''''' is an American [[comedy-drama]] television series starring [[Ellen Muth]] and [[Mandy Patinkin]] as [[death (personification)|grim reapers]] who reside and work in [[Seattle]], [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]]. Filmed in [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], the show was created by [[Bryan Fuller]] for the [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]] cable network, where it ran for two seasons ([[2003 in American television|2003]]–[[2004 in American television|04]]). Fuller left the show five episodes into Season 1 because of creative differences; creative direction was taken over by executive producers [[John Masius]] and Stephen Godchaux. A [[Direct-to-video|direct-to-DVD]] movie titled ''[[Dead Like Me: Life After Death]]'' was released on February 17, 2009,<ref name=movie>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/Dead-Like-Life-After-Death/10993|title=Official Press Release for ''Life After Death'' Direct-to-DVD Film and ''The Complete Collection: Soul Collectors''' Edition 9-Disc Set|publisher=TVShowsOnDVD.com|date=December 8, 2008|accessdate=May 23, 2010}}</ref> with an option to restart the series.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.multichannel.com/blog/TV_Crush/7413-MGM_Resurrects_Dead_Like_Me.php|title=MGM Resurrects Dead Like Me|accessdate=May 11, 2008|publisher=Reed Business Information}}</ref> | 2016-10-06T12:35:34Z | '''''Dead Like Me''''' is an American [[comedy-drama]] television series that was loosly inspired By piers Anthony's 1983 novel On a Pale Horse. It stare [[Ellen Muth]] and [[Mandy Patinkin]] as [[death (personification)|grim reapers]] who reside and work in [[Seattle]], [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]]. Filmed in [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], the show was created by [[Bryan Fuller]] for the [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]] cable network, where it ran for two seasons ([[2003 in American television|2003]]–[[2004 in American television|04]]). Fuller left the show five episodes into Season 1 because of creative differences; creative direction was taken over by executive producers [[John Masius]] and Stephen Godchaux. A [[Direct-to-video|direct-to-DVD]] movie titled ''[[Dead Like Me: Life After Death]]'' was released on February 17, 2009,<ref name=movie>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvshowsondvd.com/news/Dead-Like-Life-After-Death/10993|title=Official Press Release for ''Life After Death'' Direct-to-DVD Film and ''The Complete Collection: Soul Collectors''' Edition 9-Disc Set|publisher=TVShowsOnDVD.com|date=December 8, 2008|accessdate=May 23, 2010}}</ref> with an option to restart the series.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.multichannel.com/blog/TV_Crush/7413-MGM_Resurrects_Dead_Like_Me.php|title=MGM Resurrects Dead Like Me|accessdate=May 11, 2008|publisher=Reed Business Information}}</ref> | 2016-10-09T17:22:10Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741773254 | '''XXIX Brigade, Royal Field Artillery''' was a [[Brigade#United Kingdom|brigade]]{{efn|The basic organic unit of the [[Royal Artillery]] was, and is, the [[Artillery battery|battery]].<ref name=MOD_RA>{{cite web|publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)]]|accessdate=13 April 2013|title=The Royal Artillery|url=http://www.army.mod.uk/artillery/23445.aspx}}</ref> When grouped together they formed brigades, in the same way that infantry battalions or cavalry regiments were grouped together in brigades. At the outbreak of the [[First World War]], a field artillery brigade of [[Headquarters#Military|headquarters]] (4 officers, 37 [[Other ranks (UK)|other ranks]]), three batteries (5 and 193 each), and a brigade ammunition column (4 and 154)<ref name=LLT_WAB>{{cite web|publisher=The Long, Long Trail|accessdate=13 April 2013|last=Baker|first=Chris|title=What was an artillery brigade?|url=http://www.1914-1918.net/whatartbrig.htm}}</ref> had a total strength just under 800 so was broadly comparable to an infantry battalion (just over 1,000) or a cavalry regiment (about 550). Like an infantry battalion, an artillery brigade was usually commanded by a [[lieutenant-colonel]]. Artillery brigades were redesignated as regiments in 1938.}} of the [[Royal Field Artillery]] which served in the [[First World War]]. | 2015-11-09T13:45:24Z | '''XXIX Brigade, Royal Field Artillery''' was a [[Brigade#United Kingdom|brigade]]{{efn|The basic organic unit of the [[Royal Artillery]] was, and is, the [[Artillery battery|battery]].<ref name=MOD_RA>{{cite web|publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)]] |accessdate=13 April 2013 |title=The Royal Artillery |url=http://www.army.mod.uk/artillery/23445.aspx |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023001138/http://www.army.mod.uk/artillery/23445.aspx |archivedate=23 October 2013 |df=dmy }}</ref> When grouped together they formed brigades, in the same way that infantry battalions or cavalry regiments were grouped together in brigades. At the outbreak of the [[First World War]], a field artillery brigade of [[Headquarters#Military|headquarters]] (4 officers, 37 [[Other ranks (UK)|other ranks]]), three batteries (5 and 193 each), and a brigade ammunition column (4 and 154)<ref name=LLT_WAB>{{cite web|publisher=The Long, Long Trail|accessdate=13 April 2013|last=Baker|first=Chris|title=What was an artillery brigade?|url=http://www.1914-1918.net/whatartbrig.htm}}</ref> had a total strength just under 800 so was broadly comparable to an infantry battalion (just over 1,000) or a cavalry regiment (about 550). Like an infantry battalion, an artillery brigade was usually commanded by a [[lieutenant-colonel]]. Artillery brigades were redesignated as regiments in 1938.}} of the [[Royal Field Artillery]] which served in the [[First World War]]. | 2016-09-29T15:44:45Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745136274 | A 2015 8 part documentary by the [[History (U.S. TV channel)|History Channel]] called ''Hunting Hitler''<ref>http://www.history.com/shows/hunting-hitler/about</ref> revealed new evidence that showed that it was indeed possible that members of the [[Führerbunker]] could have escaped to [[Berlin Tempelhof Airport]] via the [[U6 (Berlin U-Bahn)|U6]] subway system under Berlin and that the bunker did have an escape tunnel linking to the 900 miles of underground tunnels that existed under Berlin.<ref>http://www.history.com/shows/hunting-hitler</ref> Also, newly discovered was a secret tunnel directly linking the Tempelhof U-bahn to the airport. Without this tunnel persons would have had to exit the U6 above ground and walked some 300 meters out in the open to the airport all the while risking artillery fire from the approaching Russian forces. During the 1948 [[Nuremberg Trials]] a number of witnesses corroborated statements that indeed 9 flights left Tempelhof airport on April 21 1945, one of the flights containing Hitler's personal effects. One of those statements was from Luftwaffe pilot Peter Baumgart who stated he was the pilot who flew Hitler and his entourage out.<ref>http://www.express.co.uk/expressyourself/277962/Did-Adolf-Hitler-escape</ref><ref>http://disinfo.com/2011/11/did-hitler-escape-germany-in-1945/</ref> | 2016-10-19T13:03:42Z | A 2015 8 part documentary by the [[History (U.S. TV channel)|History Channel]] called ''Hunting Hitler''<ref>http://www.history.com/shows/hunting-hitler/about</ref> revealed new evidence that showed that it was indeed possible that members of the [[Führerbunker]] could have escaped to [[Berlin Tempelhof Airport]] via the [[U6 (Berlin U-Bahn)|U6]] subway system under Berlin and that the bunker did have an escape tunnel linking to the 900 miles of underground tunnels that existed under Berlin.<ref>http://www.history.com/shows/hunting-hitler</ref> Also, newly discovered was a secret tunnel directly linking the Tempelhof U-bahn to the airport. Without this tunnel persons would have had to exit the U6 above ground and walked some 300 meters out in the open to the airport all the while risking artillery fire from the approaching Russian forces. During the 1948 [[Nuremberg Trials]] a number of witnesses corroborated statements that indeed 9 flights left Tempelhof airport on April 21 1945, one of the flights containing Hitler's personal effects. One of those statements was from Luftwaffe pilot Peter Baumgart who stated he was the pilot who flew Hitler and his entourage out.<ref>http://www.express.co.uk/expressyourself/277962/Did-Adolf-Hitler-escape</ref><ref>http://disinfo.com/2011/11/did-hitler-escape-germany-in-1945/</ref> These flights are also mentioned in the declassified FBI documents. | 2016-10-19T13:07:14Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745589280 | | caption = Antanas Poška, 1967
| death_place =
| nationality =
| notable_works =
'''Antanas Paškevičius – Poška''' (10 March 1903 – 16 October 1992) was a prominent [[Lithuania]]n traveler and [[anthropologist]], journalist and essayist, co-founder of the [[Esperanto]] movement in Lithuania.
[[File:Gripkeliai Village, around 1940.jpg|thumb|Gripkeliai Village, around 1940]]
[[File:Poška at the seat of Taj Mahal, 1931-32.jpg|thumb|Poška at the seat of Taj Mahal, 1931-32]]
In 1933, Poška moved to [[Calcutta]] to collect research material for his master's degree. He enrolled in the [[University of Calcutta]] and started working at the Anthropological Laboratory of the [[Indian Museum]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=From the Baltic Sea to the Bay of Bengal, Vol. 6|last=Poška|first=Antanas|publisher=|year=2009|isbn=978-9955-9647-5-9|location=Klaipėda|pages=164|quote=|via=}}</ref> In 1933–36, he participated in anthropological expeditions in [[Southeast Asia]] and the [[Himalayas]], where he collected data about [[Shina-language]] speaking peoples of northwestern Himalayas.<ref>{{Cite book|title=From the Baltic Sea to the Bay of Bengal, Vol. 7|last=Poška|first=Antanas|publisher=|year=2010|isbn=978-9955-9647-6-6|location=Klaipėda|pages=59–70|quote=|via=}}</ref> He accompanied the [[Oxford University]] Professor [[Aurel Stein]] to the Himalayas, Burma, and the [[Takla Makan Desert]] in Central Asia.<ref name=":0" /> All this time, Poška was also preoccupied with translating ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]'' into Lithuanian.<ref>{{Cite book|title=From the Baltic Sea to the Bay of Bengal, Vol. 6|last=Poška|first=Antanas|publisher=|year=2009|isbn=978-9955-9647-5-9|location=Klaipėda|pages=179–182|quote=|via=}}</ref>
[[File:A tribal woman from the Andamans, picture taken by Poška in 1935.jpg|thumb|A tribal woman from the Andamans, picture taken by Poška in 1935]]
While in India, Poška met [[Mahatma Gandhi]] twice (in Bombay and [[Allahabad]]) and conveyed the support of the Lithuanian people to [[Indian independence movement|India's independence struggle]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=From the Baltic Sea to the Bay of Bengal, Vol. 8|last=Poška|first=Antanas|publisher=|year=2012|isbn=978-9955-9647-7-3|location=Klaipėda|pages=31–38|quote=|via=}}</ref>
While in Bengal, Poška actively interacted with Calcutta's intellectual elite, university professors, and young researchers: [[Biraja Sankar Guha]], Himangshu Kumar Bose, Achyuta Kumar Mitra, Bajra Kumar Chatterji and others. He also befriended [[Suniti Kumar Chatterji]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=From the Baltic Sea to the Bay of Bengal, Vol. 6|last=Poška|first=Antanas|publisher=|year=2009|isbn=978-9955-9647-5-9|location=Klaipėda|pages=164–169|quote=|via=}}</ref> Thanks to this friendship, S. K. Chatterji later embarked on a groundbreaking comparative study ''The Balts and the Aryans'', exploring the commonalities between India's [[Vedic]] and the Baltic pagan rites. Published as a monograph by the [[Indian Institute of Advanced Study]] in 1968, this Chatterji's book is dedicated to Antanas Poška.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/71058582/Balts-and-Aryans-in-Their-Indo-European-Background|title=Balts and Aryans in Their Indo-European Background|website=Scribd|access-date=2016-10-19}}</ref>
Friendship with the renowned Indian Esperantist [[Sinha Laksmiswar]] led Poška to [[Shantiniketan]] where he had a chance to interact with [[Rabindranath Tagore]]. Under Tagore's personal supervision, Poška translated some of Tagore's poems into Lithuanian.<ref>{{Cite book|title=From the Baltic Sea to the Bay of Bengal, Vol. 6|last=Poška|first=Antanas|publisher=|year=2009|isbn=978-9955-9647-5-9|location=Klaipėda|pages=170–174|quote=|via=}}</ref>
Poška left India in 1937. On his way back to Lithuania, he covered Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkish Kurdistan. He also had a short stopover in Bulgaria, where he spent time collecting accounts of the locals on Dr. [[Jonas Basanavičius]], one of the founding fathers of independent Lithuania, who had stayed in Bulgaria at the end of the 19th century.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=From the Baltic Sea to the Bay of Bengal, Vol. 1|last=Poška|first=Antanas|publisher=|year=2002|isbn=9955-9354-5-6|location=Klaipėda|pages=8–9|quote=|via=}}</ref>
After his return to Lithuania, Poška started writing his account of the India journey. Two volumes of his signature book „From the Baltic Sea to the Bay of Bengal” were published just before the [[Occupation of the Baltic states|Soviet invasion of Lithuania]] in June 1940.<ref name=":2" />
In 1937–40, Poška worked as a journalist with the newspapers and magazines “Akademikas“, “Lietuvos aidas“, “Trimitas“, and was editor-in-chief of the newspaper “Darbas”. In 1937–40 he served as the Chairman of the Union of Esperantists.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Žurnalistikos enciklopedija|last=|first=|publisher=Pradai|year=1997|isbn=|location=Vilnius|pages=396|via=}}</ref>
During the [[German occupation of Lithuania during World War II|Nazi occupation]] (1941–44) Poška started working as a librarian. Despite the Nazi threat of being killed for helping the Jews, Poška saved at least 3 Lithuanian Jews sheltering them from the SS in his house. Poška was awarded with the Life Saving Cross of the President of the Republic of Lithuania in 1998<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.vilnijosvartai.lt/personalijos/antanas-poska/|title=Antanas Poška {{!}} Vilnijos vartai|date=2016-03-24|newspaper=Vilnijos vartai|access-date=2016-10-19}}</ref> and with the Medal of the [[Righteous Among the Nations]] by the Government of Israel in 2000 (both awards given post-mortem). Despite Nazi orders to destroy Jewish books he concealed and preserved over 1,000 publications which were later transferred to the Jewish Museum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://db.yadvashem.org/righteous/family.html?language=en&itemId=4017005|title=The Righteous Among The Nations|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>
After the Soviets returned to Lithuania in 1944, Poška was appointed as the head of the Library Department of [[Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic|Soviet Lithuania’s]] Education Commissariat. For refusing the orders to destroy the books published before the Soviet occupation, Poška was in 1945 arrested and sentenced to imprisonment in a forced labor camp in Siberia. He was first sent to prison in Archangelsk and later to a forced labor camp in Komiya. In 1948, his forced-labor sentence was replaced with a forced relocation to Central Asia without the right to ever return to Lithuania. His academic nature won him positions at several ethnographic museums of Central Asia in 1949-1959, but due to his status of a political prisoner he could not assume leading posts and publish his works. He worked in a museum of Petropavlovsk in Kazakhstan (1949-1953), in the Museum of Osh in Kyrgyzstan (1953-1957), in Andizhan Museum in Uzbekistan and briefly in the State Museum of Dushanbe (Tajikistan) in 1958-1959. He also took part in various archeological expeditions in Central Asia. It is Poška who discovered the Eagle’s Cave in Osh, including the famous rock inscriptions in the Osh area.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://alkas.lt/2011/03/10/lietuviu-keliautojas-antanas-poska/|title=Lietuvių keliautojas Antanas Poška|last=Ilgūnas|first=Gediminas|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>
After Stalin's death in 1953, with many court cases of the Soviet political prisoners re-examined by the Soviet authorities, Poška was rehabilitated and allowed to return to Lithuania in 1959.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://asianstudies.lt/asmenybes/poska-antanas/|title=Azijos studijos Lietuvoje - Poška, Antanas|website=asianstudies.lt|access-date=2016-10-19}}</ref>
After his return home Poška worked as a lecturer, a correspondent of several newspapers, and the chairman of the Lithuanian Esperantist Club in 1960-1969. Despite being fully rehabilitated, he was not allowed to continue academic activities and publish his books until the [[Perestroika]] period in 1985. He headed several research expeditions to Central Asia, travelled to the Caucasus Mountains, attended the events of Soviet Esperanto movement. The last decade of his life Poška spent under the piles of his rescued archive, trying and failing to publish it. Most of his writings were published by his supporters already after his death, including his famous eight-volume book on his journey to India, “From the Baltic Sea to the Bay of Bengal.”<ref name=":3" />
[[File:Poška’s daughter Laimutė Kisielienė receives the regalia of Hon. Causa D.Litt., awarded to his father posthumously by the University of Calcutta.jpg|thumb|Poška’s daughter Laimutė Kisielienė receives the regalia of Hon. Causa D.Litt., awarded to her father posthumously by the University of Calcutta]]
*''Nuo Baltijos iki Bengalijos'' (From the Baltic Sea to the Bay of Bengal) – 2 Volumes in 1939, Kaunas, complete set of 8 volumes published between 1996 to 2012, Klaipėda
[[Category:Lithuanian writers]] | 2016-10-21T05:51:16Z | | caption = Antanas Poška in 1967
| death_place = [[Vilnius]], [[Lithuania]]
| nationality = Lithuanian
| notable_works = ''From the Baltic Sea to the Bay of Bengal''
'''Antanas Paškevičius – Poška''' (10 March 1903 – 16 October 1992) was a prominent [[Lithuania]]n traveler and [[anthropologist]], as well as the co-founder of the [[Esperanto]] movement in Lithuania. He is best known for his trip to India in 1929–37. In India, he studied [[Sanskrit]] and received bachelor's degree from the [[University of Bombay]] and wrote his PhD thesis on the [[Shina language|Shina-speaking]] people at the [[University of Calcutta]] but was unable to defend it. He interacted with India's intellectual elite and participated in anthropological expeditions. He met with [[Rabindranath Tagore]] and translated some of his works into Lithuanian. Poška returned to Lithuania in 1937 and worked as a journalist. He was recognized as the [[Righteous Among the Nations]] for hiding three [[Lithuanian Jews]] during [[the Holocaust in Lithuania]]. After the Soviet takeover in 1945, he refused to destroy books deemed unacceptable to the Soviet regime and was imprisoned in a [[Gulag]]. Unable to return to Lithuania, Poška later worked at several museums in Central Asia. He was allowed to return to Lithuania in 1959 and worked as a lecturer and journalist and continued his anthropological studies, but his past as a political prisoner prevented him from taking a more prominent position. His eight-volume work on his experiences in India, ''From the Baltic Sea to the Bay of Bengal'', was published posthumously in 2002–12.
[[File:Gripkeliai Village, around 1940.jpg|left|thumb|Gripkeliai Village, around 1940]]
[[File:Poška at the seat of Taj Mahal, 1931-32.jpg|upright|thumb|Poška at Taj Mahal in 1931-32]]
In 1933, Poška moved to [[Calcutta]] to collect research material for his master's degree. He enrolled in the [[University of Calcutta]] and started working at the Anthropological Laboratory of the [[Indian Museum]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=From the Baltic Sea to the Bay of Bengal, Vol. 6|last=Poška|first=Antanas|publisher=|year=2009|isbn=978-9955-9647-5-9|location=Klaipėda|pages=164|quote=|via=}}</ref> In 1933–36, he participated in anthropological expeditions in [[Southeast Asia]] and the [[Himalayas]], where he collected data about [[Shina-language]] speaking peoples of northwestern Himalayas.<ref>{{Cite book|title=From the Baltic Sea to the Bay of Bengal, Vol. 7|last=Poška|first=Antanas|publisher=|year=2010|isbn=978-9955-9647-6-6|location=Klaipėda|pages=59–70|quote=|via=}}</ref> He accompanied the [[Oxford University]] Professor [[Aurel Stein]] to the Himalayas, Burma, and the [[Taklamakan Desert]] in Central Asia.<ref name=":0" /> All this time, Poška was also preoccupied with translating ''[[Bhagavad Gita]]'' into Lithuanian.<ref>{{Cite book|title=From the Baltic Sea to the Bay of Bengal, Vol. 6|last=Poška|first=Antanas|publisher=|year=2009|isbn=978-9955-9647-5-9|location=Klaipėda|pages=179–182|quote=|via=}}</ref>
[[File:A tribal woman from the Andamans, picture taken by Poška in 1935.jpg||left|upright|thumb|A tribal woman from the [[Andaman Islands]], picture taken by Poška in 1935]]
While in Bengal, Poška actively interacted with Calcutta's intellectual elite, university professors, and young researchers: [[Biraja Sankar Guha]], Himangshu Kumar Bose, Achyuta Kumar Mitra, Bajra Kumar Chatterji and others. He also befriended [[Suniti Kumar Chatterji]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=From the Baltic Sea to the Bay of Bengal, Vol. 6|last=Poška|first=Antanas|publisher=|year=2009|isbn=978-9955-9647-5-9|location=Klaipėda|pages=164–169|quote=|via=}}</ref> Thanks to this friendship, S. K. Chatterji later embarked on a groundbreaking comparative study ''The Balts and the Aryans'', exploring the commonalities between India's [[Vedic]] and the Baltic pagan rites. Published as a monograph by the [[Indian Institute of Advanced Study]] in 1968, this Chatterji's book is dedicated to Antanas Poška.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/71058582/Balts-and-Aryans-in-Their-Indo-European-Background|title=Balts and Aryans in Their Indo-European Background|website=Scribd|access-date=2016-10-19}}</ref> Friendship with the renowned Indian Esperantist [[Sinha Laksmiswar]] led Poška to [[Shantiniketan]] where he had a chance to interact with [[Rabindranath Tagore]]. Under Tagore's personal supervision, Poška translated some of Tagore's poems into Lithuanian.<ref>{{Cite book|title=From the Baltic Sea to the Bay of Bengal, Vol. 6|last=Poška|first=Antanas|publisher=|year=2009|isbn=978-9955-9647-5-9|location=Klaipėda|pages=170–174|quote=|via=}}</ref> Poška met [[Mahatma Gandhi]] twice (in Bombay and [[Allahabad]]) and conveyed the support of the Lithuanian people to [[Indian independence movement|India's independence struggle]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=From the Baltic Sea to the Bay of Bengal, Vol. 8|last=Poška|first=Antanas|publisher=|year=2012|isbn=978-9955-9647-7-3|location=Klaipėda|pages=31–38|quote=|via=}}</ref>
Poška left India in 1937. On his way back to Lithuania, he covered Afghanistan, Iran, and [[Turkish Kurdistan]]. He also had a short stopover in Bulgaria, where he spent time collecting accounts of the locals on Dr. [[Jonas Basanavičius]], one of the founding fathers of independent Lithuania, who had lived in Bulgaria at the end of the 19th century.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=From the Baltic Sea to the Bay of Bengal, Vol. 1|last=Poška|first=Antanas|publisher=|year=2002|isbn=9955-9354-5-6|location=Klaipėda|pages=8–9|quote=|via=}}</ref>
In 1937–40, Poška worked as a journalist with the newspapers and magazines ''Akademikas'', ''[[Lietuvos aidas]]'', ''Trimitas'', and was editor-in-chief of the newspaper ''Darbas''. In 1937–40 he served as the Chairman of the Union of Esperantists.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia| encyclopedia=Žurnalistikos enciklopedija |url=http://www.kf.vu.lt/dokumentai/publikacijos/Zurnalistikos-enciklopedija.pdf |editor-first=Laimonas |editor-last=Tapinas |title=Poška, Antanas |location=Vilnius |publisher=Pradai |year=1997 |isbn=9986-776-62-7 |page=396| display-editors=etal}}</ref> After his return to Lithuania, Poška started writing his account of the India journey. Two volumes of his signature book ''From the Baltic Sea to the Bay of Bengal'' were published just before the [[Occupation of the Baltic states|Soviet invasion of Lithuania]] in June 1940.<ref name=":2" />
During the [[German occupation of Lithuania during World War II|Nazi occupation]] (1941–44) Poška started working as a librarian. Despite the dangers, Poška saved at least three [[Lithuanian Jews]] by hiding them from the SS in his house. Poška was awarded the Life Saving Cross by the [[President of Lithuania]] in 1998<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.vilnijosvartai.lt/personalijos/antanas-poska/|title=Antanas Poška |date=2016-03-24|newspaper=Vilnijos vartai|access-date=2016-10-19}}</ref> and was recognized as the [[Righteous Among the Nations]] by the Government of Israel in 2000. Despite Nazi orders to destroy Jewish books he concealed and preserved over 1,000 publications which were later transferred to the Jewish Museum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://db.yadvashem.org/righteous/family.html?language=en&itemId=4017005|title=The Righteous Among The Nations|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>
After the Soviets returned to Lithuania in 1944, Poška was appointed as the head of the Library Department of Soviet Lithuania's Education Commissariat. For refusing the orders to destroy books published before the Soviet occupation, Poška was arrested in 1945 and sentenced to imprisonment in a forced labor camp in Siberia. He was first sent to prison in [[Archangelsk]] and later to a [[gulag|forced labor camp]] in [[Komiya]]. In 1948, his forced-labor sentence was replaced with a forced relocation to Central Asia without the right to ever return to Lithuania. His academic nature won him positions at several ethnographic museums of Central Asia in 1949–59, but due to his status of a political prisoner he could not assume leading posts and publish his works. He worked at a museum of [[Petropavl]] in Kazakhstan (1949–53), the [[National Historical and Archaeological Museum Complex Sulayman|Museum of Osh]] in Kyrgyzstan (1953–57), [[Andijan]] Museum in Uzbekistan, and the [[Tajikistan National Museum|State Museum of Dushanbe]] in Tajikistan (1958–59). He also took part in various archaeological expeditions in Central Asia. It is Poška who discovered the Eagle's Cave in [[Osh]], including the famous rock inscriptions in the Osh area.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://alkas.lt/2011/03/10/lietuviu-keliautojas-antanas-poska/|title=Lietuvių keliautojas Antanas Poška|last=Ilgūnas|first=Gediminas|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref>
After Stalin's death in 1953, many cases of the Soviet political prisoners were re-examined by the Soviet authorities during the [[de-Stalinization]] campaign and Poška was [[Rehabilitation (Soviet)|rehabilitated]] and allowed to return to Lithuania in 1959.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://asianstudies.lt/asmenybes/poska-antanas/|title=Azijos studijos Lietuvoje - Poška, Antanas|website=asianstudies.lt|access-date=2016-10-19}}</ref> After his return home Poška worked as a lecturer, a correspondent of several newspapers, and the chairman of the Lithuanian Esperantist Club in 1960–69. Despite being fully rehabilitated, he was not allowed to continue academic activities and publish his books until the ''[[Perestroika]]'' reforms in 1985. He headed several research expeditions to Central Asia, traveled to the [[Caucasus Mountains]], attended the events of Soviet Esperanto movement. The last decade of his life Poška spent under the piles of his rescued archive, trying and failing to publish it. Most of his writings were published by his supporters already after his death, including his famous eight-volume book on his journey to India, ''From the Baltic Sea to the Bay of Bengal''.<ref name=":3" />
[[File:Poška’s daughter Laimutė Kisielienė receives the regalia of Hon. Causa D.Litt., awarded to his father posthumously by the University of Calcutta.jpg|thumb|Poška's daughter Laimutė Kisielienė receives the regalia of Hon. Causa D.Litt., awarded to her father posthumously by the University of Calcutta]]
*''Nuo Baltijos iki Bengalijos'' (From the Baltic Sea to the Bay of Bengal) – 2 Volumes in 1939, Kaunas, complete set of 8 volumes published in 2002–2012, Klaipėda
[[Category:Lithuanian anthropologists]]
[[Category:20th-century anthropologists]]
[[Category:Lithuanian travel writers]]
[[Category:Lithuanian journalists]]
[[Category:Esperantists]]
[[Category:Lithuanian Righteous Among the Nations]]
[[Category:University of Calcutta alumni]]
[[Category:University of Mumbai alumni]]
[[Category:Gulag detainees]] | 2016-10-22T01:33:10Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743659193 | In establishing his mission, De Lisle recruited a charismatic priest, [[Aloysius Gentili]], from Rome, who arrived at Gracedieu in June 1840 and by May of the following year, De Lisle claimed that some five hundred and twenty persons had become converted to the catholic faith as a result of Gentilli's outreach.<ref name="Robinson"/> The catholic community in Whitwick is said to have further grown substantially during the later part of the nineteenth century, due to an influx of Irish immigrants who came to work as navvies on the construction of the [[Charnwood Forest Railway]].{{citation needed|date=March 2015}} | 2016-10-10T16:20:19Z | In establishing his mission, De Lisle recruited a charismatic priest, [[Aloysius Gentili]], from Rome, who arrived at Gracedieu in June 1840 and by May of the following year, De Lisle claimed that some five hundred and twenty persons had become converted to the catholic faith as a result of Gentilli's outreach.<ref name="Robinson"/> | 2016-10-10T16:22:32Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744600980 | A '''thermostat''' is a component which senses the [[temperature]] of a [[system]] so that the system's temperature is maintained near a desired ''setpoint''. The thermostat does this by switching heating or cooling devices on or off, or regulating the flow of a heat transfer fluid as needed, to maintain the correct temperature. Thermostats are used in any device or system that heats or cools to a setpoint temperature, examples include building [[heating]], [[central heating]], [[air conditioning|air conditioners]], [[HVAC]] systems, as well as kitchen equipment including [[oven]]s and [[refrigerator]]s and medical and scientific [[incubator (culture)|incubator]]s.
A thermostat is often the main control unit for a heating or cooling system, through setting the target temperature. Thermostats can be constructed in many ways and may use a variety of [[sensor]]s to measure the temperature, commonly a [[thermistor]] or [[bimetallic strip]]. The output of the sensor then controls the heating or cooling apparatus. A thermostat is most often an instance of a "[[Bang–bang control|bang-bang controller]]" as the heating or cooling equipment interface is not typically controlled in a proportional manner to the difference between actual temperature and the temperature [[setpoint]]. Instead, the heating or cooling equipment runs at full capacity until the set temperature is reached, then shuts off. Increasing the difference between the thermostat setting and the desired temperature therefore does not shorten the time to achieve the desired temperature. A thermostat may have a maximum switching frequency, or switch heating and cooling equipment on and off at temperatures either side of the setpoint. This reduces the risk of equipment damage from frequent switching.
| 2016-10-01T14:18:05Z | A '''thermostat''' is a component which senses the [[temperature]] of a [[system]] so that the system's temperature is maintained near a desired ''setpoint''.
A thermostat can be is often the main control unit for a heating or cooling system, in applications ranging from ambient air control, to such as automotive coolant control, but is also used in used in many other applications, such as an electric clothes iron.
It is a "closed loop" control device, as it seeks to reduce the error between the desired and measured temperatures. Often they combine both the sensing and control action elements of control system, such as in an automotive thermostat.
=Overview=
A thermostat exerts control by switching heating or cooling devices on or off, or by regulating the flow of a heat transfer fluid as needed, to maintain the correct temperature. Thermostats are used in any device or system that heats or cools to a setpoint temperature, examples include building [[heating]], [[central heating]], [[air conditioning|air conditioners]], [[HVAC]] systems, as well as kitchen equipment including [[oven]]s and [[refrigerator]]s and medical and scientific [[incubator (culture)|incubator]]s.
==Construction==
Thermostats can be constructed in many ways and may use a variety of [[sensor]]s to measure the temperature, commonly a [[thermistor]] or [[bimetallic strip]]. The output of the sensor then controls the heating or cooling apparatus. A thermostat is most often an instance of a "[[Bang–bang control|bang-bang controller]]" as the heating or cooling equipment interface is not typically controlled in a proportional manner to the difference between actual temperature and the temperature [[setpoint]]. Instead, the heating or cooling equipment runs at full capacity until the set temperature is reached, then shuts off. Increasing the difference between the thermostat setting and the desired temperature therefore does not shorten the time to achieve the desired temperature. A thermostat may have a maximum switching frequency, or switch heating and cooling equipment on and off at temperatures either side of the setpoint. This reduces the risk of equipment damage from frequent switching. | 2016-10-16T08:44:58Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742073196 | As "RAL 840-HR" covered only matte paint the 1980s saw the invention of "RAL 841-GL" for glossy surfaces, limited to 193 colours.<ref>{{cite web|title=The RAL CLASSIC Colour Collection|url=http://www.ral-farben.de/en/PRODUCTS-SHOP/RAL-CLASSIC/|accessdate=15 June 2016}}</ref> A main criterion for colours in the RAL Classic collection is to be of "paramount interest". Therefore most of the colours in it are used on warning and [[traffic sign]]s or are dedicated to government agencies and public services (for example: RAL 1004 - Swiss [[Postal Service]], RAL 1021 - Austrian Postal Service, RAL 1032 - German Postal Service).<ref>{{cite web|title=How is the RAL CLASSIC colour collection structured?|url=http://www.ral-farben.de/content/application-help/faqs/faqs-questions-about-ral-classic.html |accessdate=15 June 2016}}</ref> The first digit relates to the shade of the colour:
Contrary to the preceding systems, RAL Design features no names and its numbering follows a scheme based on the CIELAB colour space, specifically [[Lab color space#Cylindrical representation: CIELCh or CIEHLC|cylindrical CIEHLC]]. Each colour is represented by seven digits, grouped in a triple and two pairs, representing [[hue]] (000–360 degrees, angle in the CIELab color wheel), [[lightness]] (same as in L*a*b*) and [[Colorfulness|chroma]] (relative saturation). The three numeric components of almost all RAL Design colours are multiples of 5, most are even divisible by 10.<ref name="Design">{{cite web | url=http://www.ral-farben.de/content/application-help/all-ral-colours-names/overview-ral-design-colours.html | title=Overview of all RAL Design colours }}</ref> | 2016-09-13T19:38:56Z | As "RAL 840-HR" covered only matte paint the 1980s saw the invention of "RAL 841-GL" for glossy surfaces, limited to 193 colours.<ref>{{cite web|title=The RAL CLASSIC Colour Collection|url=http://www.ral-farben.de/en/PRODUCTS-SHOP/RAL-CLASSIC/|accessdate=15 June 2016}}</ref> A main criterion for colours in the RAL Classic collection is to be of "paramount interest". Therefore, most of the colours in it are used on warning and [[traffic sign]]s or are dedicated to government agencies and public services (for example: RAL 1004 - Swiss [[Postal Service]], RAL 1021 - Austrian Postal Service, RAL 1032 - German Postal Service).<ref>{{cite web|title=How is the RAL CLASSIC colour collection structured?|url=http://www.ral-farben.de/content/application-help/faqs/faqs-questions-about-ral-classic.html |accessdate=15 June 2016}}</ref> The first digit relates to the shade of the colour:
Contrary to the preceding systems, RAL Design features no names and its numbering follows a scheme based on the CIELAB colour space, specifically [[Lab color space#Cylindrical representation: CIELCh or CIEHLC|cylindrical CIEHLC]]. Each colour is represented by seven digits, grouped in a triple and two pairs, representing [[hue]] (000–360 degrees, angle in the CIELab color wheel), [[lightness]] (same as in L*a*b*) and [[Colorfulness|chroma]] (relative saturation). The three numeric components of almost all RAL Design colours are multiples of 5, most are even divisible by 10.<ref name="Design">{{cite web | url=http://www.ral-farben.de/content/application-help/all-ral-colours-names/overview-ral-design-colours.html | title=Overview of all RAL Design colours }}</ref> | 2016-10-01T14:54:22Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741973838 | #REDIRECT [[Parvati (given name)]]
{{R from move}} | 2015-12-25T16:53:30Z | #REDIRECT [[Parvati (disambiguation)]]
{{Redr|spelling|from ambiguous term}} | 2016-09-30T21:18:26Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742337348 | |OScheme= Pro-style
|DScheme= 4–3
|Champion = Rose Bowl Champions<br>Big Ten Champions<br>Big Ten Legends Division Champions
|ConfChamp = [[2013 Big Ten Football Championship Game|Big Ten Championship Game]] vs. No. 2 [[2013 Ohio State Buckeyes football team|Ohio State]]
|ConfChampResult = <br>W 34–24
|BowlTourney= [[2014 Rose Bowl|Rose Bowl]] vs. No. 5 [[2013 Stanford Cardinal football team|Stanford]]
|BowlTourneyResult= W 24–20 | 2016-10-01T00:38:08Z | |OScheme= [[Pro-style offense|Pro-style]]
|DScheme= [[4–3 defense|4–3]]
|Champion = Big Ten champion<br>Big Ten Legends Division champion<br>Rose Bowl champion
|ConfChamp = [[2013 Big Ten Football Championship Game|Big Ten Championship Game]]
|ConfChampResult =W 34–24 vs. [[2013 Ohio State Buckeyes football team|Ohio State]]
|BowlTourney= [[2014 Rose Bowl|Rose Bowl]]
|BowlTourneyResult= W 24–20 vs. [[2013 Stanford Cardinal football team|Stanford]] | 2016-10-03T03:22:38Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741709771 | '''[[Shiksha – TeleVehicle]], learn form Television.''' is a purely [[Bengali language]] satellite channel 24x7x365 days. It is a joint venture of Webel Mediatronics Ltd. (Government of [[West Bengal]] Under-Taking) & Adjeet Advertising Agency. Officially on air date is 15 April 2013, before that it ran as a test signal from 9 April 2013. The channel content basically is class V to class X students covering all subject (Board approved all subjects ), based on West Bengal Board of Secondary Education. The channel is approved by West Bengal State Education Ministry and West Bengal Board of Secondary Education.
This channel now is facing a very common problem. The problem is the currency (for maintaining on air, productions & distributions) to run the channel. We are looking for help from any part, please we are requesting if there is any kind man who can able to invest and help to run the channel, we shall be very grateful on him. Even we are still keeping both eyes open to our Government, state or central, if they support to run the channel.
This channel is basically for the students of remote corner of West Bengal those who are unable to get better teacher from society and even knowledge from best teacher, but have very much potential to prove them if they can able to get little more scope from any part of knowledge world of better teacher. If this point number one the next point is the students those who love to watch television always they can be benefited by watching television and our channel. What we made ? we made a television program which is study material, a very good concept of few energetic and innovative people of West Bengal. Very honest support by Abhisekh Mitra, who took main part for low budgeting on technology and on Air purposes. The management and all staff members are grateful on him as this project could not possible without Mr. Mitra. Very nicely he managed about technical matters including equipments, technical desk,
on-line and off-line editing, animation graphics, content with concept, mainly ethics and techniques.
The next project under shiksha is in English version of West Bengal Broad of Secondary Education. Hope here also shiksha can prove ultimately education is main part of life. | 2016-04-26T12:59:38Z | '''Shiksha – TeleVehicle''' (Learn from Television), is a [[Bengali language]] 24x7 satellite channel. It is a joint venture of Webel Mediatronics Ltd. (Government of [[West Bengal]] Under-Taking) & Adjeet Advertising Agency. Officially on air date is 15 April 2013, before that it ran as a test signal from 9 April 2013. The channel content basically is class V to class X students covering all subject (board approved subjects), based on [[West Bengal Board of Secondary Education]]. The channel is approved by West Bengal State Education Ministry and West Bengal Board of Secondary Education.
== References ==
{{reflist}} | 2016-09-29T05:20:40Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743047383 |
Note: there never was a word TV game
* ''[[Streetwise]] (South Africa)'' Sunday night, first Christian youth programme, hosted by Bonny Leibov, Hans van Heerden and Shvonne | 2016-10-02T08:26:49Z | * ''[[Streetwise (South African TV series)|Streetwise]] (South Africa)'' Sunday night, first Christian youth programme, hosted by Bonny Leibov, Hans van Heerden and Shvonne | 2016-10-07T13:14:51Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743402562 | Alternatively, in a [[surrender at discretion]] ([[unconditional surrender]]), the victor makes no promises of treatment other than those provided by the [[laws of war|laws and customs of war]], most of which are laid out in the [[Hague Convention of 1907]] and the [[Geneva Conventions]].<ref name="What is IHL?">The Program for Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research at Harvard University, "IHL PRIMER SERIES | Issue #1" Accessed at http://www3.nd.edu/~cpence/eewt/IHLRI2009.pdf</ref> Normally, a [[belligerent]] will agree to surrender unconditionally only if completely incapable of continuing hostilities. Traditionally, a surrender ceremony was accompanied by the [[honours of war|honors of war]].<ref name=greenspan1969>{{cite book|last1=Greenspan|first1=Morris|title=The Soldier's Guide to the Laws of War|date=1969|publisher=Public Affairs Press|location=Washington, DC|page=10|quote=}}</ref> | 2016-10-09T13:47:48Z | Alternatively, in a [[surrender at discretion]] ([[unconditional surrender]]), the victor makes no promises of treatment other than those provided by the [[laws of war|laws and customs of war]],<ref name="FryGoldstein2002">{{cite book|author1=Michael Graham Fry|author2=Erik Goldstein|author3=Richard Langhorne|title=Guide to International Relations and Diplomacy|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=m6evAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA448|date=1 December 2002|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-62356-603-6|pages=448–}}</ref> most of which are laid out in the [[Hague Convention of 1907]] and the [[Geneva Conventions]].<ref name="What is IHL?">The Program for Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research at Harvard University, "IHL PRIMER SERIES | Issue #1" Accessed at http://www3.nd.edu/~cpence/eewt/IHLRI2009.pdf</ref> Normally, a [[belligerent]] will agree to surrender unconditionally only if completely incapable of continuing hostilities. Traditionally, a surrender ceremony was accompanied by the [[honours of war|honors of war]].<ref name=greenspan1969>{{cite book|last1=Greenspan|first1=Morris|title=The Soldier's Guide to the Laws of War|date=1969|publisher=Public Affairs Press|location=Washington, DC|page=10|quote=}}</ref> | 2016-10-09T13:57:26Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741599078 | '''David Mordechai Packouz''' ({{IPAc-en|p|æ|k|h|aʊ|s}} born February 16, 1982) is an American former arms dealer convicted of [[fraud]], and an inventor.
In early 2007, AEY Inc. secured a nearly $300 million U.S. government contract to supply the [[Afghan Army]] with 100 million rounds of [[AK-47]] ammunition, millions of rounds for [[Dragunov sniper rifle|SVD Dragunov sniper rifles]], and aviation rockets.<ref name="Mother Jones">{{cite web|last=Schatz |first=Bryan |url=http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/05/b00k-arms-dudes-guy-lawson-pentagon-contracting |title=How These Stoner Kids Landed a $300 Million Pentagon Arms Contract |work=Mother Jones |date=2015-06-08 |accessdate=2016-02-16}}</ref><ref name="NY Daily News">{{cite web|last=Connelly |first=Sherryl |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/arms-dudes-stoners-arms-dealers-article-1.2225111 |title=Arms and the Dudes: How three Miami stoners scored a deal to arm the Afghan army |work=New York Daily News |date=2015-05-17 |accessdate=2016-02-16}}</ref> The ammo that AEY Inc. had secured in [[Albania]] to fulfill the contract had originally come from [[China]], violating the terms of AEY's contract with the US Army banning Chinese ammunition due to an American embargo on the Chinese military industry.<ref name="Lawson Article">{{cite web|last=Lawson |first=Guy |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/the-stoner-arms-dealers-20110316 |title=The Stoner Arms Dealers: How Two American Kids Became Big-Time Weapons Traders |work=Rolling Stone |date=2011-03-16 |accessdate=2016-02-16}}</ref> The 42-year-old Chinese ammunition came in "crumbling boxes."
AEY Inc. repackaged the Chinese ammunition, which the United States government constituted as fraud.<ref name="Lawson Book"/><ref name="NPR">{{cite web|last=Sussman |first=Anna |url=http://www.npr.org/2015/06/19/415749191/the-accidental-arms-dealer |title=The Accidental Arms Dealer |publisher=NPR |date=2015-06-19 |accessdate=2016-02-16}}</ref> The issue of the Chinese ammunition became the focal point of a months-long legal and logistical disturbance in the United States Army and the [[United States Department of Justice|Department of Justice]]; AEY Inc. received much media attention, especially due to the age of the young [[Miami Beach]] arms dealers and their penchant for [[marijuana]], earning them the epithet of "the [[Cannabis culture|stoner]] arms dealers" or "the dudes".<ref name="Lawson Book"/><ref name="Mother Jones"/><ref name="NY Daily News"/><ref name="Lawson Article"/>
Post AEY Inc., Packouz invented a [[guitar pedal]], the [[BeatBuddy]], the world's first guitar pedal drum machine.<ref>{{cite news |last= Dahlberg|first= Nancy|date= Dec 20, 2013|title= Crowdfunding Friday: Miami entrepreneur rocks out his Indiegogo campaign|url= http://miamiherald.typepad.com/the-starting-gate/2013/12/for-this-miami-entrepreneur-and-his-first-product-the-beat-is-on-david-packouz-crowdfunding-campaign-for-beatbuddy-the.html|newspaper=Miami Herald|location= Miami|access-date= February 16, 2016}}</ref> The pedal was first engineered and manufactured in 2014, after [[crowdfunding]] via [[IndieGogo]]. | 2016-09-26T19:58:38Z | '''David Mordechai Packouz''' ({{IPAc-en|p|æ|k|h|aʊ|s}} born February 16, 1982) is an American former arms dealer and an inventor.
In early 2007, AEY Inc. secured a nearly $300 million U.S. government contract to supply the [[Afghan Army]] with 100 million rounds of [[AK-47]] ammunition, millions of rounds for [[Dragunov sniper rifle|SVD Dragunov sniper rifles]], and aviation rockets.<ref name="Mother Jones">{{cite web|last=Schatz |first=Bryan |url=http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/05/b00k-arms-dudes-guy-lawson-pentagon-contracting |title=How These Stoner Kids Landed a $300 Million Pentagon Arms Contract |work=Mother Jones |date=2015-06-08 |accessdate=2016-02-16}}</ref><ref name="NY Daily News">{{cite web|last=Connelly |first=Sherryl |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/arms-dudes-stoners-arms-dealers-article-1.2225111 |title=Arms and the Dudes: How three Miami stoners scored a deal to arm the Afghan army |work=New York Daily News |date=2015-05-17 |accessdate=2016-02-16}}</ref> The ammunition that AEY Inc. had secured in [[Albania]] to fulfill the contract had originally come from [[China]], violating the terms of AEY's contract with the US Army banning Chinese ammunition due to an American embargo on the Chinese military industry.<ref name="Lawson Article">{{cite web|last=Lawson |first=Guy |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/the-stoner-arms-dealers-20110316 |title=The Stoner Arms Dealers: How Two American Kids Became Big-Time Weapons Traders |work=Rolling Stone |date=2011-03-16 |accessdate=2016-02-16}}</ref> The 42-year-old Chinese ammunition came in "crumbling boxes."
AEY Inc. repackaged the Chinese ammunition, which the United States government deemed [[fraud]].<ref name="Lawson Book"/><ref name="NPR">{{cite web|last=Sussman |first=Anna |url=http://www.npr.org/2015/06/19/415749191/the-accidental-arms-dealer |title=The Accidental Arms Dealer |publisher=NPR |date=2015-06-19 |accessdate=2016-02-16}}</ref> The issue of the Chinese ammunition became the focal point of a months-long legal and logistical disturbance in the United States Army and the [[United States Department of Justice|Department of Justice]]; AEY Inc. received much media attention, especially due to the age of the young [[Miami Beach]] arms dealers and their penchant for [[marijuana]], earning them the epithet of "the [[Cannabis culture|stoner]] arms dealers" or "the dudes".<ref name="Lawson Book"/><ref name="Mother Jones"/><ref name="NY Daily News"/><ref name="Lawson Article"/>
Post AEY Inc., Packouz invented a [[guitar pedal]], the [[BeatBuddy]], the world's first guitar pedal drum machine.<ref>{{cite news |last= Dahlberg|first= Nancy|date= Dec 20, 2013|title= Crowdfunding Friday: Miami entrepreneur rocks out his Indiegogo campaign|url= http://miamiherald.typepad.com/the-starting-gate/2013/12/for-this-miami-entrepreneur-and-his-first-product-the-beat-is-on-david-packouz-crowdfunding-campaign-for-beatbuddy-the.html|newspaper=Miami Herald|location= Miami|access-date= February 16, 2016}}</ref> The pedal was first engineered and manufactured in 2014, after [[crowdfunding]] via [[IndieGogo]].<ref name="Dahlberg"/> | 2016-09-28T14:24:51Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745338792 | Patrick Bronte came to Haworth with his wife Marie and children in 1820 from Thornton. He was the Reverend at St Michael and All Angels for 41 years<ref>{{cite news|last1=White|first1=Clive|title=A Bronte gathering of the clan|url=http://www.keighleynews.co.uk/news/745999.A_Bronte_gathering_of_the_clan/|accessdate=20 October 2016|work=keighley News|date=28 April 2006}}</ref> and was assisted by his later son-in-law, Arthur Bell Nicholls.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bronte sister who worked for a Craven mill owner|url=http://www.keighleynews.co.uk/news/8114125.Bronte_sister_who_worked_for_a_Craven_mill_owner/|accessdate=20 October 2016|work=Keighley News|date=24 April 2010}}</ref> | 2016-10-20T15:15:21Z | Patrick Bronte came to Haworth with his wife Marie and children in 1820 from Thornton. He had been offered the perpetual curacy of the church at Haworth by the vicar of Bradford in 1919.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Chadwick|first1=Ellis H|title=In the Footsteps of The Brontes|date=2011|publisher=cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-1-108-03416-6|page=49|chapter=V. Haworth 1820-1824}}</ref> He was the Reverend at St Michael and All Angels for 41 years<ref>{{cite news|last1=White|first1=Clive|title=A Bronte gathering of the clan|url=http://www.keighleynews.co.uk/news/745999.A_Bronte_gathering_of_the_clan/|accessdate=20 October 2016|work=keighley News|date=28 April 2006}}</ref> and was assisted by his later son-in-law, Arthur Bell Nicholls.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bronte sister who worked for a Craven mill owner|url=http://www.keighleynews.co.uk/news/8114125.Bronte_sister_who_worked_for_a_Craven_mill_owner/|accessdate=20 October 2016|work=Keighley News|date=24 April 2010}}</ref> | 2016-10-20T15:25:20Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745807420 | * Fluorescence-based assay for screening toxic chemicals. The optical assay consists of a mixture of environmental-sensitive fluorescent dyes and human skin cells that generate fluorescence spectra patterns.<ref name="Moczko2016">{{Cite journal | 2016-10-23T12:17:43Z | * Fluorescence-based assays for screening [[Toxicity|toxic]] chemicals. The optical assays consist of a mixture of environmental-sensitive fluorescent dyes and human skin cells that generate fluorescence spectra patterns.<ref name="Moczko2016">{{Cite journal | 2016-10-23T12:21:36Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744585538 | '''Transhumanist politics''' constitute a group of [[List of political ideologies|political ideologies]] that generally express the belief in improving the [[human condition]] through advances in science and technology.<ref name="European Parliament 2006">{{cite journal|author=[[European Parliament]]|title=Technology Assessment on Converging Technologies|year=2006|at=ii|quote="On the one side are the true believers in the potential of technology to make individuals ever more perfect. Transhumanism is a political expression of that."|url=https://www.itas.kit.edu/downloads/etag_beua06a.pdf|accessdate=12 January 2015}}</ref> Transhumanists claim that the transhumanist movement aims to improve humanity with [[technology]] and [[science]] (for example through [[life extension]], [[moral enhancement]] and the [[abolition of suffering]]. Adjunct professor and author Jeanine Thweatt-Bates considers it impossible to define transhumanist politics as one set of beliefs, as the transhumanist movement includes opposite political perspectives on the ''central issue'' of regulating technology.<ref name=thweattbates-cyborgselves-2013>{{cite book|last=Thweatt-Bates|first=Jeanine|title=Cyborg Selves: A Theological Anthropology of the Posthuman|date=28 June 2013|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=1409481832|quote=This diversity within the movement, allowing a scope of political perspectives that includes opposite views on the central issue of technology regulation, makes it impossible to label any single set of political beliefs as 'transhumanist politics.'}}</ref> [[James Hughes (sociologist)|James Hughes]], American sociologist and bioethicist, has noted the dynamic between left-leaning and right-leaning visions for transhumanism and the future of technology and human enhancement.<ref name=hughes-zygon/> | 2016-10-16T05:47:10Z | '''Transhumanist politics''' constitute a group of [[List of political ideologies|political ideologies]] that generally express the belief in improving the [[human condition]] through advances in science and technology.<ref name="European Parliament 2006">{{cite journal|author=[[European Parliament]]|title=Technology Assessment on Converging Technologies|year=2006|at=ii|quote="On the one side are the true believers in the potential of technology to make individuals ever more perfect. Transhumanism is a political expression of that."|url=https://www.itas.kit.edu/downloads/etag_beua06a.pdf|accessdate=12 January 2015}}</ref> Transhumanists claim that the transhumanist movement aims to improve humanity with [[technology]] and [[science]] (for example through [[life extension]], [[moral enhancement]] and the [[abolition of suffering]]. American adjunct professor and author Jeanine Thweatt-Bates considers it impossible to define transhumanist politics as one set of beliefs, as the transhumanist movement includes opposite political perspectives on the ''central issue'' of regulating technology.<ref name=thweattbates-cyborgselves-2013>{{cite book|last=Thweatt-Bates|first=Jeanine|title=Cyborg Selves: A Theological Anthropology of the Posthuman|date=28 June 2013|publisher=Ashgate Publishing|isbn=1409481832|quote=This diversity within the movement, allowing a scope of political perspectives that includes opposite views on the central issue of technology regulation, makes it impossible to label any single set of political beliefs as 'transhumanist politics.'}}</ref> [[James Hughes (sociologist)|James Hughes]], American sociologist and bioethicist, has noted the dynamic between left-leaning and right-leaning visions for transhumanism and the future of technology and human enhancement.<ref name=hughes-zygon/> | 2016-10-16T05:48:02Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745067919 | Unfortunately, the internet fame led to fears that Pedals would be targeted during hunting. In October 2016, reports of Pedals being killed by a [[Bear hunting|hunter]] received widespread attention.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/facebook-group-for-bipedal-bear-says-pedals-is-dead-in-statement-1.1676892|title=Facebook group for bipedal bear says 'Pedals is dead' in statement|last=COWEN|first=RICHARD|newspaper=NorthJersey.com|access-date=2016-10-14}}</ref> In response to the killing [[New Jersey Senate|State Senator]] [[Raymond Lesniak]] introduced a bill dubbed "Pedals' Law" that would ban black bear hunting in New Jersey for five years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/n-j-senator-s-pedals-law-would-ban-black-bear-hunting-for-five-years-hearing-today-1.1678127|title=N.J. senator's 'Pedals' Law' would ban black bear hunting for five years; hearing today|last=Norman|first=Jim|date=October 17, 2016|publisher=''[[The Record (Bergen County)|The Record]]''|accessdate=18 October 2016}}</ref> | 2016-10-19T03:22:41Z | In October 2016, reports of Pedals being killed by a [[Bear hunting|hunter]] received widespread attention.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/facebook-group-for-bipedal-bear-says-pedals-is-dead-in-statement-1.1676892|title=Facebook group for bipedal bear says 'Pedals is dead' in statement|last=COWEN|first=RICHARD|newspaper=NorthJersey.com|access-date=2016-10-14}}</ref> In response to the killing [[New Jersey Senate|State Senator]] [[Raymond Lesniak]] introduced a bill dubbed "Pedals' Law" that would ban black bear hunting in New Jersey for five years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/n-j-senator-s-pedals-law-would-ban-black-bear-hunting-for-five-years-hearing-today-1.1678127|title=N.J. senator's 'Pedals' Law' would ban black bear hunting for five years; hearing today|last=Norman|first=Jim|date=October 17, 2016|publisher=''[[The Record (Bergen County)|The Record]]''|accessdate=18 October 2016}}</ref> | 2016-10-19T03:23:23Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744899500 | '''Inequity''' is injustice or unfairness or an instance of either of the two.<ref>Merriam Webster Online. [http://m-w.com/dictionary/inequity “Inequity.”] 3 Dec 2007.</ref> '''Aversion''' is “a feeling of repugnance toward something with a desire to avoid or turn from it; a settled dislike; a tendency to extinguish a behavior or to avoid a thing or situation and especially a usually pleasurable one because it is or has been associated with a noxious stimulus.”<ref>Merriam Webster Online. [http://m-w.com/dictionary/aversion “Aversion.”] 3 Dec 2007.</ref> The given definition of [[inequity aversion]] is “the preference for fairness and resistance to inequitable outcomes.”
==Clarifying Inequity Aversion Through Experiment==
To better understand and breakdown the concept of social inequity aversion would be to use the study done by [[Sarah Brosnan]] (as well as with Frans B. M. de Waal),<ref name=Henrich>[[Joseph Henrich|Henrich, Joseph]].[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v428/n6979/full/428139a.html#B1 “Animal Behaviour (Communication Arising): Inequity Aversion in Capuchins?”] 11 Mar 2004. Nature. Iss. 428. 3 Dec 2007.</ref> who specializes in social behavior and social cognition.<ref>Brosnan, Sarah. [http://www.physiology.emory.edu/FIRST/sarah.htm “Sarah Brosnan, Ph.D.”] Fellowships in Research and Science Teaching. Emory University School of Medicine. Department of Physiology. 3 Dec 2007.</ref> In their experiment, “Monkeys Reject Unequal Pay” five female capuchin monkeys were used and given an unequal distribution of rewards by the human experimenter. The female monkeys alternated in pairs under four different conditions with the experimenter. Of the female monkeys, two received the same reward, one female received a superior reward, one female received a superior reward without exchange (for example without work), and a single female observed a superior reward in the absence of a partner.<ref name=Mardle>Mardle, Earl. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060220022206/http://www.kn.com.au/networks/2003/09/inequity_aversi.html “Inequity Aversion – Even a Monkey Can Pick a Raw Deal.”] A Networked World. 3 Dec 2007.</ref> The females were much less likely to complete a trade with the human experimenter when their corresponding partner received a food item of higher value item (a grape; the lower item was a cucumber<ref name=Henrich />), and when that partner received the higher food item with no exchange of work of any kind, the likelihood of not completing a trade intensified.<ref name=Mardle /> All of these refusals of exchange included both passive and active rejections ranging from refusing to take the awards to throwing the reward, respectively. These negative responses of situation made with the monkeys support the early evolutionary origin of [[inequity aversion]]<ref name=Mardle /> and thus helps (in combination with the definitions of inequity and aversion) give an overall idea of what social inequity aversion is: the tendency to reject or avoid situations in which there is social inequality, unfairness, or injustice.
==Humans & Social Inequity Aversion==
It is important to note that this experiment is with capuchin monkeys and not humans, and because humans are not the only cooperative animals, monkeys being one of many examples, we cannot assume that inequity aversion is an exclusive human trait or nature.<ref>Brosnan, Sarah and de Waal, Frans B. M. [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v425/n6955/abs/nature01963.html#a1 “Monkeys Reject Equal Pay.”] 23 Jul 2003. Nature. Iss. 428. 3 Dec 2007.</ref> There have been other experiments done with humans to test the validity of the inequity aversion theory proposed by Brosnan and de Waal. An experiment performed by Urs Fischbacher, Christina M. Fong, and Ernst Fehr called “Fairness, Errors, and the Power of Competition”<ref>Fehr, Ernst. Fischbacher, Urs. Fong, Christina M. [http://www.iew.unizh.ch/wp/iewwp133.pdf “Fairness, Errors, and the Power of Competition.”] Institute for Empirical Research in Economics. University of Zurich. Dec 2003.</ref> consisted of a multi-lateral ultimatum game where one contestant was put up against multiple ones.<ref name=Henrich /> In this experiment when the responders accepts the offer from the person giving the reward (say the ‘provider’), the person giving the reward (the provider) gets his full pay. The key to this experiment is that the ability of one responder to affect the pay of the provider is lessened by all of the other responders' willingness to accept the reward. As a result, the concept of [[inequity aversion]] is followed, which says that the responders' willingness to reject the reward is lessened as well as the providers' offers.<ref name=Henrich /> (This is because in order to evade inequality or injustice due to unequal pay, all of the participants reduce their amounts to reduce the chance of unfairness). What’s most important to realize in this experiment is that the outcome does not seem to agree with those of Brosnan and de Waal’s capuchin experiment; humans will not reject the offer unless it affects others reward and/or pay.<ref name=Henrich /> So for humans, the original Fehr-Schmidt inequity aversion model, which was cited by Brosnan and de Waal in their capuchin experiment saying that the capuchin monkeys should always eat the lower value food, seems to hold validity. By not rejecting the reward offered, the humans decreased the amount of inequality. This was the opposite for the capuchins as they rejected the lower value food (cucumbers) when they couldn’t get the higher value food (grapes) thus increasing the inequality, especially when the capuchins who received the grapes stole the discarded cucumbers, leaving the other monkeys with nothing. That increased the amount of inequality amongst the capuchins—The humans would only reject the reward if it reduced the reward of the individual who received the most.<ref name=Henrich />
==Combining Social Inequality & Inequity Aversion==
According to Sarah Brosnan, “human beings have a similar approach, we do not live in a world of absolute values but one in which we are constantly comparing ourselves with those about us and, like a capuchin, we can tell when we are being short changed.”<ref name=Mardle /> This can directly be connected to [[social inequality]] in that we as humans know what social inequality is and can identify it as an injustice; it is how we know that something such as unequal pay based on socioeconomic status is social inequality. However, according to the concept of social inequity aversion, we will not reject what is offered to us unless we realize that by rejecting what we are offered we will reduce another person’s earnings or the earnings of the person who is giving to us, thus making our earnings closer to theirs, thus lessening the inequality.
One key example that links these two concepts could be that of the Neoclassical Labor-Market Theory. Based on several important facts, this theory is based on the supposition that “(1) a relatively free and open market exists in which individuals compete for position. (2) Position in that markets depends heavily on the individual’s efforts, abilities, experience, training, or ‘human capital.’ (3) There are automatic mechanisms that operate in the marketplace to ensure that imbalances between one’s input (human capital) and one’s rewards (wages) are corrected in a way to restore balance” (Hurst 231).<ref name=Hurst>Hurst, Charles E. Social Inequality: Forms, Causes, and Consequences. 6th Ed. Pearson Education, Inc. USA. 2007.</ref> This concept is interesting in that the third fact that is assumed to be true in a labor-market theory would apply greatly to the concept of social inequity aversion. This is because it would seem that in order to get the reward that is expected we as people will take what is given to us for our skill. But when it becomes possible that our fellow citizen can get more than us, or that the company that is providing us with the reward (payments) gets more money from our labor/skill, then we as people in this labor market theory will reject the payments, and try to obtain a better one. We do this by trying to attain better resources for ourselves, such as “education, training, skills, and intelligence” (Hurst 231).<ref name=Hurst /> So take for example an African American woman, she will take the payment that all African American women are receiving. But once another African American woman begins to get better payments via her better resources, other African American women will reject their current position as well as resources and seek more to in order to, maybe not directly lessen the payment that other African American woman, but to get more for themselves. This greatly illustrates the social inequity aversion concept when it comes to humans and how it crosses with the neoclassical labor market theory. However, because it is a continuous process in which different opportunities open up doors for individuals based on their life changes and access to better resources, an imbalance is made and a gap develops, thus separating individuals and creating on-going social inequality (Hurst 231).<ref name=Hurst />
* [[Spite house]] - homes built to annoy and aggravate someone, usually a neighbor, in response to a perceived inequitable situation. | 2016-06-17T07:42:52Z | '''Inequity''' is injustice or unfairness or an instance of either of the two.<ref>Merriam Webster Online. [http://m-w.com/dictionary/inequity "Inequity."] 3 Dec 2007.</ref> '''Aversion''' is "a feeling of repugnance toward something with a desire to avoid or turn from it; a settled dislike; a tendency to extinguish a behavior or to avoid a thing or situation and especially a usually pleasurable one because it is or has been associated with a noxious stimulus."<ref>Merriam Webster Online. [http://m-w.com/dictionary/aversion "Aversion."] 3 Dec 2007.</ref> The given definition of [[inequity aversion]] is "the preference for fairness and resistance to inequitable outcomes."
==Clarification through experiment==
To better understand and breakdown the concept of social inequity aversion would be to use the study done by [[Sarah Brosnan]] (as well as with Frans B. M. de Waal),<ref name=Henrich>[[Joseph Henrich|Henrich, Joseph]].[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v428/n6979/full/428139a.html#B1 "Animal Behaviour (Communication Arising): Inequity Aversion in Capuchins?"] 11 Mar 2004. Nature. Iss. 428. 3 Dec 2007.</ref> who specializes in social behavior and social cognition.<ref>Brosnan, Sarah. [http://www.physiology.emory.edu/FIRST/sarah.htm "Sarah Brosnan, Ph.D."] Fellowships in Research and Science Teaching. Emory University School of Medicine. Department of Physiology. 3 Dec 2007.</ref> In their experiment, "Monkeys Reject Unequal Pay" five female [[capuchin monkey]]s were used and given an unequal distribution of rewards by the human experimenter. The female monkeys alternated in pairs under four different conditions with the experimenter. Of the female monkeys, two received the same reward, one female received a superior reward, one female received a superior reward without exchange (for example without work), and a single female observed a superior reward in the absence of a partner.<ref name=Mardle>Mardle, Earl. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060220022206/http://www.kn.com.au/networks/2003/09/inequity_aversi.html "Inequity Aversion – Even a Monkey Can Pick a Raw Deal."] A Networked World. 3 Dec 2007.</ref> The females were much less likely to complete a trade with the human experimenter when their corresponding partner received a food item of higher value item (a grape; the lower item was a cucumber<ref name=Henrich />), and when that partner received the higher food item with no exchange of work of any kind, the likelihood of not completing a trade intensified.<ref name=Mardle /> All of these refusals of exchange included both passive and active rejections ranging from refusing to take the awards to throwing the reward, respectively. These negative responses of situation made with the monkeys support the early evolutionary origin of [[inequity aversion]]<ref name=Mardle /> and thus helps (in combination with the definitions of inequity and aversion) give an overall idea of what social inequity aversion is: the tendency to reject or avoid situations in which there is [[social inequality]], unfairness, or injustice.
==Humans==
It is important to note that the experiment was done with capuchin monkeys and not humans, and because humans are not the only cooperative animals (monkeys being one of many examples), we cannot assume that inequity aversion is an exclusive human trait or nature.<ref>Brosnan, Sarah and de Waal, Frans B. M. [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v425/n6955/abs/nature01963.html#a1 "Monkeys Reject Equal Pay."] 23 Jul 2003. Nature. Iss. 428. 3 Dec 2007.</ref> There have been other experiments done with humans to test the validity of the inequity aversion theory proposed by Brosnan and de Waal. An experiment performed by Urs Fischbacher, Christina M. Fong, and Ernst Fehr called "Fairness, Errors, and the Power of Competition"<ref>Fehr, Ernst. Fischbacher, Urs. Fong, Christina M. [http://www.iew.unizh.ch/wp/iewwp133.pdf "Fairness, Errors, and the Power of Competition."] Institute for Empirical Research in Economics. University of Zurich. Dec 2003.</ref> consisted of a multi-lateral ultimatum game where one contestant was put up against multiple ones.<ref name=Henrich /> In this experiment when the responders accepts the offer from the person giving the reward (say the 'provider'), the person giving the reward (the provider) gets his full pay. The key to this experiment is that the ability of one responder to affect the pay of the provider is lessened by all of the other responders' willingness to accept the reward. As a result, the concept of inequity aversion is followed, which says that the responders' willingness to reject the reward is lessened as well as the providers' offers.<ref name=Henrich /> (This is because in order to evade inequality or injustice due to unequal pay, all of the participants reduce their amounts to reduce the chance of unfairness). What's most important to realize in this experiment is that the outcome does not seem to agree with those of Brosnan and de Waal's capuchin experiment; humans will not reject the offer unless it affects others reward and/or pay.<ref name=Henrich /> So for humans, the original Fehr-Schmidt inequity aversion model, which was cited by Brosnan and de Waal in their capuchin experiment saying that the capuchin monkeys should always eat the lower value food, seems to hold validity. By not rejecting the reward offered, the humans decreased the amount of inequality. This was the opposite for the capuchins as they rejected the lower value food (cucumbers) when they couldn't get the higher value food (grapes) thus increasing the inequality, especially when the capuchins who received the grapes stole the discarded cucumbers, leaving the other monkeys with nothing. That increased the amount of inequality amongst the capuchins—The humans would only reject the reward if it reduced the reward of the individual who received the most.<ref name=Henrich />
==Combining with social inequality==
According to Sarah Brosnan, "human beings have a similar approach, we do not live in a world of absolute values but one in which we are constantly comparing ourselves with those about us and, like a capuchin, we can tell when we are being short changed."<ref name=Mardle /> This can directly be connected to social inequality in that we as humans know what social inequality is and can identify it as an injustice; it is how we know that something such as unequal pay based on socioeconomic status is social inequality. However, according to the concept of social inequity aversion, we will not reject what is offered to us unless we realize that by rejecting what we are offered we will reduce another person's earnings or the earnings of the person who is giving to us, thus making our earnings closer to theirs, thus lessening the inequality.
One key example that links these two concepts could be that of the Neoclassical Labor-Market Theory. Based on several important facts, this theory is based on the supposition that "(1) a relatively free and open market exists in which individuals compete for position. (2) Position in that markets depends heavily on the individual's efforts, abilities, experience, training, or 'human capital.' (3) There are automatic mechanisms that operate in the marketplace to ensure that imbalances between one's input (human capital) and one's rewards (wages) are corrected in a way to restore balance" (Hurst 231).<ref name=Hurst>Hurst, Charles E. Social Inequality: Forms, Causes, and Consequences. 6th Ed. Pearson Education, Inc. USA. 2007.</ref> This concept is interesting in that the third fact that is assumed to be true in a labor-market theory would apply greatly to the concept of social inequity aversion. This is because it would seem that in order to get the reward that is expected we as people will take what is given to us for our skill. But when it becomes possible that our fellow citizen can get more than us, or that the company that is providing us with the reward (payments) gets more money from our labor/skill, then we as people in this labor market theory will reject the payments, and try to obtain a better one. We do this by trying to attain better resources for ourselves, such as "education, training, skills, and intelligence" (Hurst 231).<ref name=Hurst /> So take for example an African American woman, she will take the payment that all African American women are receiving. But once another African American woman begins to get better payments via her better resources, other African American women will reject their current position as well as resources and seek more to in order to, maybe not directly lessen the payment that other African American woman, but to get more for themselves. This greatly illustrates the social inequity aversion concept when it comes to humans and how it crosses with the neoclassical labor market theory. However, because it is a continuous process in which different opportunities open up doors for individuals based on their life changes and access to better resources, an imbalance is made and a gap develops, thus separating individuals and creating on-going social inequality (Hurst 231).<ref name=Hurst />
* [[Spite house]] – homes built to annoy and aggravate someone, usually a neighbor, in response to a perceived inequitable situation. | 2016-10-18T03:50:34Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744436646 | '''List of protected areas in Adelaide''' refers to [[protected areas]] proclaimed by [[Government of South Australia|South Australian government]] which are located within the [[Adelaide|Adelaide metropolitan area]].
The following protected areas are located within the South Australian government region known as Northern Adelaide.<ref>{{cite web|title=Northern Adelaide SA Government region|url=http://www.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/6519/Northern_Adelaide_SA_Government_region.pdf|publisher=The Government of South Australia|accessdate=2 May 2015}}</ref><ref name=PA2014>{{cite web|title=Protected Areas of South Australia September (Map) 2014 Edition|url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/bf6977cb-f1f9-4700-9b5f-a35500fda94f/protected-areas-of-south-australia-map.pdf|publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources|accessdate=15 April 2015}}</ref><ref name=LMV>{{cite web|title=Search result for "Barker Inlet-St Kilda Aquatic Reserve" with the following databases selected - "Aquatic Reserves", “Dolphin Sanctuary” and “NPW and Conservation Reserve Boundaries”, "Metropolitan Adelaide Boundary (Development Act 1993)" and "State Marine Park Network"|url=http://location.sa.gov.au/viewer/|work=Location SA Map Viewer |publisher=Government of South Australia |accessdate=15 October 2016}}</ref> | 2016-10-15T06:04:45Z | '''List of protected areas in Adelaide''' refers to [[protected areas]] proclaimed by [[Government of South Australia|South Australian government]] which are located within the [[Adelaide|Adelaide metropolitan area]].<ref name=LMV>{{cite web|title=Search result for "Barker Inlet-St Kilda Aquatic Reserve" with the following databases selected - "Aquatic Reserves", “Dolphin Sanctuary” and “NPW and Conservation Reserve Boundaries”, "Metropolitan Adelaide Boundary (Development Act 1993)" and "State Marine Park Network"|url=http://location.sa.gov.au/viewer/|work=Location SA Map Viewer |publisher=Government of South Australia |accessdate=15 October 2016}}</ref>
The following protected areas are located within the South Australian government region known as Northern Adelaide.<ref>{{cite web|title=Northern Adelaide SA Government region|url=http://www.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/6519/Northern_Adelaide_SA_Government_region.pdf|publisher=The Government of South Australia|accessdate=2 May 2015}}</ref><ref name=PA2014>{{cite web|title=Protected Areas of South Australia September (Map) 2014 Edition|url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/bf6977cb-f1f9-4700-9b5f-a35500fda94f/protected-areas-of-south-australia-map.pdf|publisher=Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources|accessdate=15 April 2015}}</ref> | 2016-10-15T06:05:30Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744158097 | ===Controversy===
{{anchor|"You forgot Poland"}}During the debate John Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]], saying "... when we went in, there were three countries: [[United Kingdom|Great Britain]] [''sic''], [[Australia]] and the United States. That's not a grand coalition. We can do better." Bush, who had used [[Poland]] earlier in the debate as an example of the international presence in Iraq, replied by saying "Well, actually, he forgot Poland. And now there's 30 nations involved, standing side by side with our American troops."<ref>{{cite web | title = Transcript of the first Bush-Kerry presidential debate | publisher = Commission on Presidential Debates | date = 2004-09-30 | url = http://www.debates.org/pages/trans2004a.html | accessdate = 2006-12-07 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20061013073503/http://www.debates.org/pages/trans2004a.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2006-10-13}}</ref> Paraphrased as "You forgot Poland", the term became a popular [[catchphrase]] among Bush detractors, who saw it as a humorously petty rebuttal of Kerry's original point. Though Bush had originally claimed that over 40 nations were supporting the invasion, only four nations (specifically, the four mentioned) had actually contributed over 1,000 troops -- not counting the post-Saddam [[Iraqi Police|Iraqi police]] and [[Iraqi Armed Forces|security forces]], who lost significant numbers in the [[Iraqi insurgency (2003-11)|Iraqi insurgency]]. | 2016-10-13T13:23:30Z | ===Controversies===
====Bush's suit bulge====
===="You forgot Poland"====
During the debate John Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]], saying "... when we went in, there were three countries: [[United Kingdom|Great Britain]] [''sic''], [[Australia]] and the United States. That's not a grand coalition. We can do better." Bush, who had used [[Poland]] earlier in the debate as an example of the international presence in Iraq, replied by saying "Well, actually, he forgot Poland. And now there's 30 nations involved, standing side by side with our American troops."<ref>{{cite web | title = Transcript of the first Bush-Kerry presidential debate | publisher = Commission on Presidential Debates | date = 2004-09-30 | url = http://www.debates.org/pages/trans2004a.html | accessdate = 2006-12-07 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20061013073503/http://www.debates.org/pages/trans2004a.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2006-10-13}}</ref> Paraphrased as "You forgot Poland", the term became a popular [[catchphrase]] among Bush detractors, who saw it as a humorously petty rebuttal of Kerry's original point. Though Bush had originally claimed that over 40 nations were supporting the invasion, only four nations (specifically, the four mentioned) had actually contributed over 1,000 troops -- not counting the post-Saddam [[Iraqi Police|Iraqi police]] and [[Iraqi Armed Forces|security forces]], who lost significant numbers in the [[Iraqi insurgency (2003-11)|Iraqi insurgency]]. | 2016-10-13T13:24:09Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745924306 | The death of Alexander the Good in 1432 gave rise a succession crisis which lasted for more than two decades.{{sfn|Pop|2005|p=256}}{{sfn|Bolovan|Constantiniu|Michelson|Pop|1997|p=103}} Stephen's father mounted the throne in 1449,{{sfn|Pop|2005|p=256}} with the support of [[John Hunyadi]], Regent-Governor of Hungary.{{sfn|Ciobanu|1991|p=34}} Stephen was styled ''[[voivode]]'' in his father's charters, showing that Bogdan II appointed Stephen his heir and co-ruler.{{sfn|Eagles|2014|pp=31, 212}} A pretender to the Wallachian throne, [[Vlad Dracula]], came to Moldavia around this time.{{sfn|Treptow|2000|p=58}} Vlad and Stephen fought side by side against the invading Poles in the Battle of Crasna in June 1450.{{sfn|Florescu|McNally|1989|p=66}} | 2016-10-24T04:57:02Z | The death of Alexander the Good in 1432 gave rise a succession crisis which lasted for more than two decades.{{sfn|Pop|2005|p=256}}{{sfn|Bolovan|Constantiniu|Michelson|Pop|1997|p=103}} Stephen's father mounted the throne in 1449,{{sfn|Pop|2005|p=256}} with the support of [[John Hunyadi]], Regent-Governor of Hungary.{{sfn|Ciobanu|1991|p=34}} Stephen was styled ''[[voivode]]'' in his father's charters, showing that Bogdan II appointed Stephen his heir and co-ruler.{{sfn|Eagles|2014|pp=31, 212}} A pretender to the Wallachian throne, [[Vlad Dracula]], came to Moldavia around this time.{{sfn|Treptow|2000|p=58}} | 2016-10-24T05:48:39Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=746026997 | The story develops over centuries, mostly set in the Boroughs, [http://www.springlaneschool.co.uk/6.html the most ancient neighbourhood in Northampton]. The colophon states that the book is based on a true story; it concerns a large collection of characters: some mythical, some fictional, and some historical. Along with personal experience and familial history, Moore's research sources included a collection of interviews entitled “In Living Memory — Life in ‘The Boroughs,’ ” published by the Northampton Arts Development in 1987.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/11/books/review/alan-moore-by-the-book.html|title=Alan Moore: By the Book | 2016-10-23T23:47:05Z | The story develops over centuries, mostly set in the Boroughs, [http://www.springlaneschool.co.uk/6.html the most ancient neighbourhood in Northampton]. The colophon states that the book is based on a true story; it concerns a large collection of characters: some mythical, some fictional, and some historical. Along his family's oral traditions, and ideas (such as [[Eternalism (philosophy of time)|eternalism]]) that he had [[Alan Moore bibliography|explored in other writings]], Moore's research sources included a collection of interviews entitled “In Living Memory — Life in ‘The Boroughs,’ ” published by the Northampton Arts Development in 1987.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/11/books/review/alan-moore-by-the-book.html|title=Alan Moore: By the Book | 2016-10-24T21:09:40Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743758381 | There has been one perfect game in the [[World Series]], thrown by [[Don Larsen#The perfect game|Don Larsen]] for the [[New York Yankees]] against the [[Brooklyn Dodgers]] on October 8, 1956. By coincidence, the second Yankee pitcher to throw a perfect game, [[David Wells' perfect game|David Wells]] in 1998, graduated from the same high school as Larsen - [[Point Loma High School]] in [[San Diego]], [[California]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.10news.com/sports/david-wells-field-gets-renovated|title=David Wells Field in Point Loma gets renovated|date=July 1, 2014|work=ABC 10 News|accessdate=21 July 2014}}</ref> In a further coincidence, Larsen was in attendance for [[David Cone]]'s perfect game in 1999. | 2016-10-09T04:10:30Z | There has been one perfect game in the [[World Series]], thrown by [[Don Larsen#The perfect game|Don Larsen]] for the [[New York Yankees]] against the [[Brooklyn Dodgers]] on October 8, 1956. By coincidence, the second Yankee pitcher to throw a perfect game, [[David Wells' perfect game|David Wells]] in 1998, graduated from the same high school as Larsen - [[Point Loma High School]] in [[San Diego]], [[California]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.10news.com/sports/david-wells-field-gets-renovated|title=David Wells Field in Point Loma gets renovated|date=July 1, 2014|work=ABC 10 News|accessdate=21 July 2014}}</ref> In a further coincidence, Larsen was in attendance for [[David Cone]]'s perfect game in 1999.<ref>citation needed</ref> | 2016-10-11T03:05:26Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745593119 | A special issue was printed TV-only especially for the ''[[CSI: New York]]'' episode "Civilized Lies", which was aired in January 11, 2013. The newspaper appeared in ''[[Law & Order]]'' episode "Happily Ever After", which aired in October 23, 1990, and ''[[Elementary (TV series)|Elementary]]'' episode "The Diabolical Kind", which was aired in January 2, 2014. The newspaper also appeared in the mystery/crime series ''Person of Interest'', episode "Pretenders", which originally aired October 28, 2014. In the [[The Mindy Project|Mindy Project]] season 4 episode 23 aired June 14, 2016, the fictional character Dr. Jody Kimball-Kinney read in the opening sequence a faux issue of the ''New York Ledger'' with the headline "Congress Passes Law Regulating Air Emission". Its typography is that of ''[[The New York Times]]''. | 2016-10-22T01:58:39Z | In the intro to [[Law & Order: Special Victims Unit]], a newspaper print showed a headline that said "EASTSIDE RAPIST CAPTURED" with the newspaper bearing the same name, but not the same logo, as the New York Ledger. A special issue was printed TV-only especially for the ''[[CSI: New York]]'' episode "Civilized Lies", which was aired on January 11, 2013. The newspaper appeared in ''[[Law & Order]]'' episode "Happily Ever After", which aired in October 23, 1990, and ''[[Elementary (TV series)|Elementary]]'' episode "The Diabolical Kind", which was aired in January 2, 2014. The newspaper also appeared in the mystery/crime series ''Person of Interest'', episode "Pretenders", which originally aired October 28, 2014. In the [[The Mindy Project|Mindy Project]] season 4 episode 23 aired June 14, 2016, the fictional character Dr. Jody Kimball-Kinney read in the opening sequence a faux issue of the ''New York Ledger'' with the headline "Congress Passes Law Regulating Air Emission". Its typography is that of ''[[The New York Times]]''. | 2016-10-22T02:11:39Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742827153 | In mounting their insurrection, peasants faced insurmountable hurdles. The democratic nature of their movement left them without a command structure and they lacked artillery and cavalry. Most of them had little, if any, military experience. In combat they often turned and fled, and were massacred by their pursuers. The opposition had experienced military leaders, well-equipped and disciplined armies, and ample funding. | 2016-09-29T16:57:31Z | In mounting their insurrection, peasants faced insurmountable hurdles. The democratic nature of their movement left them without a command structure and they lacked artillery and cavalry. Most of them had little, if any, military experience. In combat they often turned and fled, and were massacred by their pursuers.{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}} The opposition had experienced military leaders, well-equipped and disciplined armies, and ample funding. | 2016-10-06T01:33:57Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743216986 | ==Overiew== | 2016-08-26T00:45:29Z | ==Overview== | 2016-10-08T15:25:47Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741847860 | "420" was viewed by 7.40 million viewers on its original airdate, receiving a rating of 4.3/6 in Nielsen ratings.<ref name=Ratings>{{cite web|url=http://www.zap2it.com/tv/ratings/zap-tv-ratings-041909,0,5300310.story|title=TV Ratings: CBS, 'Desperate Housewives' are Sunday best|publisher=[[Zap2it]]|accessdate=April 27, 2009|date=April 20, 2009| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090423045808/http://www.zap2it.com/tv/ratings/zap-tv-ratings-041909,0,5300310.story| archivedate= April 23, 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> The character Brian was awarded the 2009 Stoner of the Year award by the magazine ''[[High Times]]'' due to this episode, marking the first time an animated character received the honor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hightimes.com/entertainment/ht_admin/6089|title=The 2009 HIGH TIMES Stony Awards|date=December 31, 2009|accessdate=January 2, 2010|first1=Steven|last1=Hager|first2=Natasha|last2=Lewin|work=[[High Times]]| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100107123519/http://hightimes.com/entertainment/ht_admin/6089| archivedate= January 7, 2010 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> | 2016-09-12T07:08:13Z | "420" was viewed by 7.40 million viewers on its original airdate, receiving a rating of 4.3/6 in Nielsen ratings.<ref name=Ratings>{{cite web|url=http://www.zap2it.com/tv/ratings/zap-tv-ratings-041909,0,5300310.story |title=TV Ratings: CBS, 'Desperate Housewives' are Sunday best |publisher=[[Zap2it]] |accessdate=April 27, 2009 |date=April 20, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423045808/http://www.zap2it.com/tv/ratings/zap-tv-ratings-041909,0,5300310.story |archivedate=April 23, 2009 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy }}</ref> The character Brian was awarded the 2009 Stoner of the Year award by the magazine ''[[High Times]]'' due to this episode, marking the first time an animated character received the honor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hightimes.com/entertainment/ht_admin/6089 |title=The 2009 HIGH TIMES Stony Awards |date=December 31, 2009 |accessdate=January 2, 2010 |first1=Steven |last1=Hager |first2=Natasha |last2=Lewin |work=[[High Times]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107123519/http://hightimes.com/entertainment/ht_admin/6089 |archivedate=January 7, 2010 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy }}</ref> | 2016-09-30T01:24:52Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742463305 | Dedicated to the men and women of;
U.S. NAVY – Helicopter Combat Support Squadron SEVEN (HC-7), the SEADEVILS, established September 1, 1967, N.A.S. Atsugi, Japan. At this time the ONLY dedicated Navy Combat Search and Rescue squadron. Ceribus, the mythical three headed dog protected the Gates of Hades (the Gates of Hell), became the symbol for this over tasked helicopter squadron, representing the original missions; Combat Search and Rescue, Vertical Replenishment, Seventh Fleet VIP. These tasks expanded to include Aerial Mine Countermeasure, Oceanographic support, Incident response (Korea-1968 & 1969) and Heavy repair center. March 1971, the home base relocated to N.A.S. Imperial Beach, CA. while decreased detachments, the Combat Search and Rescue commitments increased. | 2016-10-03T21:39:29Z | '''Helicopter Combat Support Squadron Seven (HC-7)''' was a helicopter squadron of the [[United States Navy]].
The squadron was nicknamed the SEADEVILS, established September 1, 1967, N.A.S. Atsugi, Japan. At this time the ONLY dedicated Navy Combat Search and Rescue squadron. Cerberus, the mythical three headed dog who protected the Gates of Hades (the Gates of Hell), became the symbol for this over tasked helicopter squadron, representing the original missions; Combat Search and Rescue, Vertical Replenishment, Seventh Fleet VIP. These tasks expanded to include Aerial Mine Countermeasure, Oceanographic support, Incident response (Korea-1968 & 1969) and Heavy repair center. March 1971, the home base relocated to N.A.S. Imperial Beach, CA. while decreased detachments, the Combat Search and Rescue commitments increased. | 2016-10-03T21:41:07Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745090104 | Canadian author and journalist Natasha Stoynoff, who wrote for ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'' magazine and, previously, the Toronto Star and Toronto Sun, went to Trump's Florida estate in December 2005 to interview him and his wife, [[Melania Trump|Melania]]. While there, Trump gave Stoynoff a tour of the Mar-a-Lago estate and when in a "tremendous" room, she says that he pushed her against a wall and forced his tongue into her mouth.<ref name="NPR List" /><ref name="Fox Demand NYT retract" />
That same day, Melania's lawyer demanded an apology from ''People'' magazine, stating that Melania did not say some or all of what was quoted in the ''People'' article by Stoynoff published on October 12, 2016; Melania specifically denied Stoynoff's claim that she'd run into her on 5th Ave following the article's publication.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.yahoo.com/movies/melania-trump-demands-apology-retraction-over-people-writer-001237981.html |title=Melania Trump Demands Apology, Retraction Over People Writer's Claim |last=Johnson |first=Ted |date=October 13, 2016 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=October 14, 2016 |via=[[Yahoo! News]]}}</ref> In an interview with Anderson Cooper that aired October 17 on CNN, Melania again denied having crossed paths with Stoynoff on 5th Ave, as stated in Stoynoff's article. The following day, ''People'' published the account of Liza Herz. Herz said she witnessed the sidewalk encounter between Stoynoff and Melania Trump; Herz' account corroborated that of Stoynoff.<ref name="PPL1018" />
On October 18, ''People'' produced six corroborating witnesses who said Stoynoff had recounted the incident to them around the time that it occurred.<ref name="PPL1018"> {{cite news |url=http://people.com/politics/people-writer-attack-by-donald-trump-corroborated-six-named-sources/|title=Revealed: 6 People Who Corroborate Natasha Stoynoff’s Story of Being Attacked by Donald Trump |author=Petit, Stephanie | website=[[People Magazine]] |date=October 18, 2016 |accessdate=October 18, 2016}} </ref> The six witnesses were: "two editors from People, Mary Green and Liz McNeil; a professor of journalism, Paul McLaughlin; a co-worker; and two personal friends of Ms. Stoynoff."<ref> [http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/19/us/politics/people-magazine-says-six-people-corroborate-claim-trump-assaulted-writer.html?_r=0] </ref>. | 2016-10-19T03:15:04Z | Canadian author and journalist Natasha Stoynoff, who wrote for ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'' magazine and, previously, the ''Toronto Star'' and ''Toronto Sun'', went to Trump's Florida estate in December 2005 to interview him and his wife, [[Melania Trump|Melania]]. While there, Trump gave Stoynoff a tour of the Mar-a-Lago estate and when in a "tremendous" room, she says that he pushed her against a wall and forced his tongue into her mouth.<ref name="NPR List" /><ref name="Fox Demand NYT retract" />
That same day, Melania's lawyer demanded an apology from ''People'' magazine, stating that Melania did not say some or all of what was quoted in the ''People'' article by Stoynoff published on October 12, 2016; Melania specifically denied Stoynoff's claim that she'd run into her on [[Fifth Avenue]] following the article's publication.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.yahoo.com/movies/melania-trump-demands-apology-retraction-over-people-writer-001237981.html |title=Melania Trump Demands Apology, Retraction Over People Writer's Claim |last=Johnson |first=Ted |date=October 13, 2016 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=October 14, 2016 |via=[[Yahoo! News]]}}</ref> In an interview with Anderson Cooper that aired October 17 on CNN, Melania again denied having crossed paths with Stoynoff on Fifth Avenue, as stated in Stoynoff's article. The following day, ''People'' published the account of Liza Herz. Herz said she witnessed the sidewalk encounter between Stoynoff and Melania Trump; Herz' account corroborated that of Stoynoff.<ref name="PPL1018" />
On October 18, ''People'' produced six corroborating witnesses who said Stoynoff had recounted the incident to them around the time that it occurred.<ref name="PPL1018">{{cite news |url=http://people.com/politics/people-writer-attack-by-donald-trump-corroborated-six-named-sources/|title=Revealed: 6 People Who Corroborate Natasha Stoynoff’s Story of Being Attacked by Donald Trump |last=Petit |first=Stephanie |work=People |date=October 18, 2016 |accessdate=October 18, 2016}} </ref> The six witnesses were: "two editors from ''People'', Mary Green and Liz McNeil; a professor of journalism, Paul McLaughlin; a co-worker; and two personal friends of Ms. Stoynoff."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Stack|first1=Liam|title=Magazine Says Six People Corroborate Writer’s Claim Trump Assaulted Her|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/19/us/politics/people-magazine-says-six-people-corroborate-claim-trump-assaulted-writer.html?_r=0|work=The New York Times|date=October 18, 2016}}</ref> | 2016-10-19T06:00:44Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743495955 | The '''Mar Thoma Syrian Church'''<ref name="Mar Thoma Syrian Church of Malabar">{{cite web|url=http://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/mar-thoma-syrian-church-of-malabar|title=Mar Thoma Syrian Church of Malabar|publisher=|accessdate=5 March 2015}}</ref> is a [[Syrian Christian]] church in the state of [[Kerala]], India. Its members are part of the one of the [[Saint Thomas Christian]] community, which originated from the missionary activity of the Anglicans with the [[Malankara Syrian Church]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |last= Gregorios|first=Paulos|last2= Roberson |first2=Ronald G.| editor-last = | editor-first1 =Erwin | editor-last1 = Fahlbusch| editor-first2 = Jan Milič | editor-last2 = Lochman |editor-first3 = John | editor-last3 = Mbiti|editor-first4 = Jaroslav | editor-last4 = Pelikan |editor-first5 = Lukas | editor-last5 =Vischer |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Christianity |title= Syrian Orthodox Churches in India|url= https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lZUBZlth2qgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9780802824172&hl=en&sa=X&ei=i5ncVJiVJ4u4uATrlIGoAg&ved=0CB8Q6wEwAA#v=onepage&q=Muziris&f=false|accessdate= March 29, 2010|year= 2008|publisher= William B. Eerdmans Publishing|volume= 5|isbn= 0-8028-2417-X|pages= 285–286 }}</ref> | 2016-10-09T22:41:29Z | The '''Mar Thoma Syrian Church'''<ref name="Mar Thoma Syrian Church of Malabar">{{cite web|url=http://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/mar-thoma-syrian-church-of-malabar|title=Mar Thoma Syrian Church of Malabar|publisher=|accessdate=5 March 2015}}</ref> is a [[Syrian Christian]] church in the state of [[Kerala]], India. Its members are part of the one of the [[Saint Thomas Christian]] community, which originated from the missionary activity of the [[Anglicanism|Anglicans]] with the [[Malankara Syrian Church]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |last= Gregorios|first=Paulos|last2= Roberson |first2=Ronald G.| editor-last = | editor-first1 =Erwin | editor-last1 = Fahlbusch| editor-first2 = Jan Milič | editor-last2 = Lochman |editor-first3 = John | editor-last3 = Mbiti|editor-first4 = Jaroslav | editor-last4 = Pelikan |editor-first5 = Lukas | editor-last5 =Vischer |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Christianity |title= Syrian Orthodox Churches in India|url= https://books.google.co.in/books?id=lZUBZlth2qgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=isbn:9780802824172&hl=en&sa=X&ei=i5ncVJiVJ4u4uATrlIGoAg&ved=0CB8Q6wEwAA#v=onepage&q=Muziris&f=false|accessdate= March 29, 2010|year= 2008|publisher= William B. Eerdmans Publishing|volume= 5|isbn= 0-8028-2417-X|pages= 285–286 }}</ref> | 2016-10-09T22:44:38Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741780142 | One of the main features of the WFD is the [[European Waste Hierarchy]]. | 2013-04-26T01:52:36Z | One of the features of the WFD is the [[European Waste Hierarchy]]. | 2016-09-29T16:40:14Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744913159 | {{Multiple issues|
{{notability|date=April 2015}}
}}
| logofile = [[File:Andtvhd.jpeg|200px]]
| share source = [http://www.barb.co.uk/whats-new/monthly-viewing-summary?_s=4 BARC]
[[File:Andtvhd.jpeg|thumb|right|100px|And TV HD logo]]
'''&TV''' (And TV) ({{lang-hi|और टीवी}}) is a [[Hindi]] language entertainment channel owned by [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]]. It started broadcasting on March 2, 2015. A GEC from ZEEL group from its "&" bouquet.<ref>&TV success story in first year of its launch --- http://awordtotheworld.com/tv-more-than-what-wiki-says-about-tv</ref> Some &TV shows are also aired on [[Zee TV]] USA, Africa, Canada and the Caribbean as &TV has still not been launched there. | 2016-10-14T22:08:07Z |
| logofile = [[File:Andtvhd.jpeg|100px]]
| share source = [[Broadcast Audience Research Council|BARC]]
'''&TV''' (And TV) ({{lang-hi|और टीवी}}) is a [[Hindi]] language entertainment channel owned by [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises]]. Launched as a General Entertainment Channel from [[Zee Entertainment Enterprises|ZEEL]] group from its "&" bouquet<ref>&TV success story in first year of its launch --- http://awordtotheworld.com/tv-more-than-what-wiki-says-about-tv</ref> it started broadcasting on 2 March 2015. Some &TV shows are also aired on [[Zee TV]] USA, Africa, Canada and the Caribbean as &TV has still not been launched there. | 2016-10-18T06:14:14Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743124564 | Computer system threats come in many different forms. Some of the most common threats today are software attacks, theft of intellectual property, identity theft, theft of equipment or information, sabotage, and information extortion. Most people have experienced software attacks of some sort. Viruse<ref>{{Cite book|title=CISSP Study Guide|last=Stewart|first=James|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc|year=2012|isbn=978-1-118-31417-3|location=Canada|pages=255-257|via=Online PSU course resource, EBL Reader}}</ref>s, worms, phishing attacks, and Trojan horses are a few common examples of software attacks. The theft of intellectual property has also been an extensive issue for many businesses in the IT field. Intellectual property is the ownership of property usually consisting of some form of protection. Theft of software is probably the most common in IT businesses today. Identity theft is the attempt to act as someone else usually to obtain that person's personal information or to take advantage of their access to vital information. Theft of equipment or information is becoming more prevalent today due to the fact that most devices today are mobile. Cell phones are prone to theft and have also become far more desirable as the amount of data capacity increases. Sabotage usually consists of the destruction of an organization′s website in an attempt to cause loss of confidence to its customers. Information extortion consists of theft of a company′s property or information as an attempt to receive a payment in exchange for returning the information or property back to its owner. There are many ways to help protect yourself from some of these attacks but one of the most functional precautions is user carefulness.
[[Governments]], [[military]], [[corporation]]s, [[financial institution]]s, [[hospital]]s and private [[businesses]] a mass a great deal of confidential information about their employees, customers, products, research and financial status. Most of this information is now collected, processed and stored on electronic computers and transmitted across [[Computer network|network]]s to other computers.
Should confidential information about a business' customers or finances or new product line fall into the hands of a competitor or a [[black hat hacker]], a business and its customers could suffer widespread, irreparable financial loss, as well as damage to the company's reputation. Protecting confidential information is a business requirement and in many cases also an ethical and legal requirement. Hence a key concern for organizations today is to derive the optimal information security investment. The renowned [[Gordon-Loeb Model]] actually provides a powerful mathematical economic approach for addressing this critical concern.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gordon|first1=Lawrence|last2=Loeb|first2=Martin|title=The Economics of Information Security Investment|journal=ACM Transactions on Information and System Security|date=November 2002|volume=5|issue=4|pages=438–457|doi=10.1145/581271.581274}}</ref>
The field of information security has grown and evolved significantly in recent years. There are many ways of gaining entry into the field as a career. It offers many areas for specialization including securing network(s) and allied [[infrastructure]], securing [[Application software|applications]] and [[database]]s, [[security testing]], information systems [[Information technology audit|auditing]], [[business continuity planning]] and [[digital forensics]]. | 2016-10-07T23:55:40Z | Information security threats come in many different forms. Some of the most common threats today are software attacks, theft of intellectual property, identity theft, theft of equipment or information, sabotage, and information extortion. Most people have experienced software attacks of some sort. [[Computer virus|Viruses]],<ref>{{Cite book|title=CISSP Study Guide|last=Stewart|first=James|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc|year=2012|isbn=978-1-118-31417-3|location=Canada|pages=255-257|via=Online PSU course resource, EBL Reader}}</ref> [[Computer worm|worms]], [[Phishing|phishing attacks]], and [[Trojan horse (computing)|Trojan horses]] are a few common examples of software attacks. The [[Intellectual property infringement|theft of intellectual property]] has also been an extensive issue for many businesses in the IT field. [[Identity theft]] is the attempt to act as someone else usually to obtain that person's personal information or to take advantage of their access to vital information. Theft of equipment or information is becoming more prevalent today due to the fact that most devices today are mobile.{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}} [[Mobile phone|Cell phones]] are prone to theft, and have also become far more desirable as the amount of data capacity increases.{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}} [[Sabotage]] usually consists of the destruction of an organization′s [[website]] in an attempt to cause loss of confidence on the part of its customers. Information extortion consists of theft of a company′s property or information as an attempt to receive a payment in exchange for returning the information or property back to its owner, as with [[ransomware]]. There are many ways to help protect yourself from some of these attacks but one of the most functional precautions is user carefulness.{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}}
[[Governments]], [[military]], [[corporation]]s, [[financial institution]]s, [[hospital]]s and private [[businesses]] amass a great deal of confidential information about their employees, customers, products, research and financial status. Most of this information is now collected, processed and stored on electronic computers and transmitted across [[Computer network|network]]s to other computers.{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}}
Should confidential information about a business' customers or finances or new product line fall into the hands of a competitor or a [[black hat hacker]], a business and its customers could suffer widespread, irreparable financial loss, as well as damage to the company's reputation. From a business perspective, information security must be balanced against cost; the [[Gordon-Loeb Model]] provides a mathematical economic approach for addressing this concern.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gordon|first1=Lawrence|last2=Loeb|first2=Martin|title=The Economics of Information Security Investment|journal=ACM Transactions on Information and System Security|date=November 2002|volume=5|issue=4|pages=438–457|doi=10.1145/581271.581274}}</ref>
The field of information security has grown and evolved significantly in recent years. It offers many areas for specialization, including securing networks and allied [[infrastructure]], securing [[Application software|applications]] and [[database]]s, [[security testing]], information systems [[Information technology audit|auditing]], [[business continuity planning]] and [[digital forensics]]. | 2016-10-08T00:19:32Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743919386 | '''''Corticovirus''''' is a genus of [[viruses]], in the family [[Corticoviridae]]. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. There is currently only one species in this genus: the type species ''Pseudoalteromonas phage PM2''.<ref name=ViralZone>{{cite web|title=Viral Zone|url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/533.html|publisher=ExPASy|accessdate=15 June 2015}}</ref><ref name=ICTV>{{cite web|last1=ICTV|title=Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release|url=http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp|accessdate=15 June 2015}}</ref> The name is derived from Latin ''cortex'', ''corticis'' (meaning 'crust' or 'bark'). However, prophages closely related to PM2 are abundant in the genomes of aquatic bacteria, suggesting that the ecological importance of corticoviruses might be underestimated.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Krupovic M, Bamford DH|title=Putative prophages related to lytic tailless marine dsDNA phage PM2 are widespread in the genomes of aquatic bacteria|journal=BMC Genomics|year=2007|volume=8|pages=236|doi=10.1186/1471-2164-8-236|pmid=17634101|url=http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2164-8-236.pdf|pmc=1950889}}</ref> The whole family (Corticoviridae) has been little-studied.
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. Bacteria serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion.<ref name=ViralZone /> | 2015-12-01T03:18:40Z | | image = 2w0c_capsid.png
| image_caption = The assembled [[capsid]] made of P2 and P3 proteins.<ref name="abrescia_2008">{{cite journal|last1=Abrescia|first1=Nicola G.A.|last2=Grimes|first2=Jonathan M.|last3=Kivelä|first3=Hanna M.|last4=Assenberg|first4=Rene|last5=Sutton|first5=Geoff C.|last6=Butcher|first6=Sarah J.|last7=Bamford|first7=Jaana K.H.|last8=Bamford|first8=Dennis H.|last9=Stuart|first9=David I.|title=Insights into Virus Evolution and Membrane Biogenesis from the Structure of the Marine Lipid-Containing Bacteriophage PM2|journal=Molecular Cell|date=September 2008|volume=31|issue=5|pages=749–761|doi=10.1016/j.molcel.2008.06.026}}</ref>
'''''Corticovirus''''' is a genus of [[viruses]] in the family [[Corticoviridae]]. Corticoviruses are [[bacteriophage]]s; that is, their natural [[host (biology)|hosts]] are [[bacteria]]. The genus contains only one species, the [[type species]] '''Pseudoalteromonas virus PM2''' (also known as '''Pseudoalteromonas phage PM2''' or '''bacteriophage PM2'''). <ref name=ViralZone>{{cite web|title=Viral Zone|url=http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/533.html|publisher=ExPASy|accessdate=15 June 2015}}</ref><ref name=ICTV>{{cite web|last1=ICTV|title=Virus Taxonomy: 2015 Release|url=http://ictvonline.org/virusTaxonomy.asp|accessdate=11 October 2016}}</ref> The name is derived from Latin ''cortex'', ''corticis'' (meaning 'crust' or 'bark'). However, [[prophage]]s closely related to PM2 are abundant in the genomes of aquatic bacteria, suggesting that the ecological importance of corticoviruses might be underestimated.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Krupovic M, Bamford DH|title=Putative prophages related to lytic tailless marine dsDNA phage PM2 are widespread in the genomes of aquatic bacteria|journal=BMC Genomics|year=2007|volume=8|pages=236|doi=10.1186/1471-2164-8-236|pmid=17634101|url=http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2164-8-236.pdf|pmc=1950889}}</ref> Bacteriophage PM2 was first described in 1968 after isolation from [[seawater]] sampled from the coast of [[Chile]].<ref name="espejo_1968">{{cite journal|last1=Espejo|first1=Romilio T.|last2=Canelo|first2=Eliana S.|title=Properties of bacteriophage PM2: A lipid-containing bacterial virus|journal=Virology|date=April 1968|volume=34|issue=4|pages=738–747|doi=10.1016/0042-6822(68)90094-9}}</ref>
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. Bacteria of the genus ''[[Pseudoalteromonas]]'' serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion.<ref name=ViralZone /> | 2016-10-12T01:22:58Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744418062 | #REDIRECT [[Independente]]{{R to disambiguation page}} | 2013-11-24T03:30:22Z | #REDIRECT [[Independente]] {{R from ambiguous page}} | 2016-10-15T02:40:23Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742816700 | {{POV check|date=October 2015}} | 2016-10-05T23:53:33Z | {{original research}} | 2016-10-06T00:11:17Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743647129 | The M4 opened on 17 August 2012<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/21245391.asp |newspaper=[[Hürriyet]] |title=Yüzde 50 müjdesiyle geliyor |date=2012-08-17 |language=Turkish |accessdate=2013-11-16 }}</ref> with a large ceremony in Kadıköy, in which [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] personally took part in. On 29 October 2013, with the opening of [[Marmaray]] rail service under the [[Bosphorus]], [[Ayrılıkçeşmesi, Kadıköy|Ayrılık Çeşmesi]] station was opened to allow passengers to transfer between lines.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emlakkulisi.com/guncel/kadikoy-kartal-metrosu-ayrilikcesme-istasyonu-ihalesi/64336 |publisher=Emlak Kulisi |title=Kadıköy - Kartal Metrosu Ayrılıkçeşme İstasyonu ihalesi |date=2012-07-11 |language=Turkish |accessdate=2013-11-16 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/marmaray-tunnel-opens-to-link-europe-with-asia.html |title=Marmaray tunnel opens to link Europe with Asia |journal=[[Railway Gazette International]] |date=29 October 2013 |accessdate=4 October 2015}}</ref> | 2016-10-10T08:20:21Z | The M4 opened on 17 August 2012<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/21245391.asp |newspaper=[[Hürriyet]] |title=Yüzde 50 müjdesiyle geliyor |date=2012-08-17 |language=Turkish |accessdate=2013-11-16 }}</ref> with a large ceremony in Kadıköy, in which [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] personally took part in. On 29 October 2013, with the opening of [[Marmaray]] rail service under the [[Bosphorus]], [[Ayrılıkçeşmesi, Kadıköy|Ayrılık Çeşmesi]] station was opened to allow passengers to transfer between lines.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.emlakkulisi.com/guncel/kadikoy-kartal-metrosu-ayrilikcesme-istasyonu-ihalesi/64336 |publisher=Emlak Kulisi |title=Kadıköy - Kartal Metrosu Ayrılıkçeşme İstasyonu ihalesi |date=2012-07-11 |language=Turkish |accessdate=2013-11-16 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/marmaray-tunnel-opens-to-link-europe-with-asia.html |title=Marmaray tunnel opens to link Europe with Asia |journal=[[Railway Gazette International]] |date=29 October 2013 |accessdate=4 October 2015}}</ref>On 10 October 2016, 3 new station added to the line (Yakacık Station, Pendik Station and Tavaşantepe Station). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ibb.istanbul/tr-TR/Pages/Haber.aspx?NewsID=23408|title=İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi|website=www.ibb.istanbul|access-date=2016-10-10}}</ref> | 2016-10-10T15:08:21Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743437925 | {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}} | 2016-10-09T17:18:23Z | {{cleanup-reorganize|date=October 2016}}
{{use dmy dates|date=June 2013}} | 2016-10-09T17:23:18Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745879448 | == Forces triggering semantic change ==
* [[Calque]]
* [[Lexicology]] and [[Lexical semantics]]
* [[Onomasiology]] and [[Semasiology]]
* [[Q-based narrowing]] | 2016-10-23T09:00:39Z | == Forces triggering change ==
{{div col|3}}
* [[Calque]]
* [[Lexicology]] and [[lexical semantics]]
* [[Q-based narrowing]]
{{div col end}}
| 2016-10-23T22:28:24Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745914738 | In 2009, Kramer appeared on the [[HBO]] dramedy television series ''[[Entourage (TV series)|Entourage]]''. Kramer played the role of a sorority girl who seduces the character Turtle ([[Jerry Ferrara]]), and appeared in four episodes.
| ''[[Entourage (TV series)|Entourage]]''|| Brooke Manning || 3 episodes | 2016-10-18T22:57:42Z | In 2009, Kramer appeared on the [[HBO]] dramedy television series ''[[Entourage (U.S. TV series)|Entourage]]''. Kramer played the role of a sorority girl who seduces the character Turtle ([[Jerry Ferrara]]), and appeared in four episodes.
| ''[[Entourage (U.S. TV series)|Entourage]]''|| Brooke Manning || 3 episodes | 2016-10-24T03:53:06Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744313688 | The district is spread over an area of {{convert|8951|km2|sqmi}}.<ref name="newdist">{{cite news|title=New districts|url=http://www.andhrajyothy.com/artical?SID=320397|accessdate=8 October 2016|work=Andhra Jyothy.com|date=8 October 2016}}</ref> | 2016-10-14T04:23:29Z | The district is spread over an area of {{convert|8951|km2|sqmi}}.<ref name="newdist">{{cite news|title=New districts|url=http://www.andhrajyothy.com/artical?SID=320397|accessdate=8 October 2016|work=Andhra Jyothy.com|date=8 October 2016}}</ref> The district is bounded on the north and north east by [[Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh|Bijapur district]] and [[Dantewada district|Dantewada districts]] of [[Chattisgarh]] state, on south and south east by [[Khammam district]] and [[West Godavari district]], on west by [[Mahabubabad district]] and on north west by [[Jayashankar district]]. | 2016-10-14T12:40:55Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743754546 | | origin = [[Orlando, Florida]], US
| years_active = 1995–2002
*[[Lance Bass]] | 2016-10-08T20:00:24Z | | origin = [[west Virginia
| years_active = 1997–2016
*[Megan trainer) | 2016-10-11T02:24:29Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744247514 | MC Skat Kat also appeared in "Yakety Yak - Take it Back", a Public Service Announcement produced by the Take It Back Foundation in 1991. The music video featured appearances by celebrities including [[Pat Benatar]], [[Natalie Cole]], [[Charlie Daniels]], [[Lita Ford]], [[Quincy Jones]], [[B.B. King]], [[Queen Latifah]], [[Kenny Loggins]], [[Randy Newman]], [[Tone Loc]], [[Ozzy Osbourne]], [[Brenda Russell]], [[Barry White]], [[Stevie Wonder]] and a special appearance by [[Bugs Bunny]] in an updated version of "Yakety Yak" retooled with a message about recycling. It premiered on MTV on April 10, 1991 (National Recycling Day), appeared as a trailer at AMC movie theaters, and was distributed on VHS and CD. It was later shown occasionally on ''[[Sesame Street]]'' during the early 1990s, although no ''Sesame Street'' characters were present. The video also appeared once on Nickelodeon in 1995. In 2014, there was talk of an MC Skat Kat revival, with MC Skat Kat featuring on Kid Carnage's new album; however, talks broke down.{{cn|date=March 2016}} | 2016-10-09T05:15:07Z | MC Skat Kat also appeared in "Yakety Yak - Take it Back", a Public Service Announcement produced by the Take It Back Foundation in 1991. The music video featured appearances by celebrities including [[Pat Benatar]], [[Natalie Cole]], [[Charlie Daniels]], [[Lita Ford]], [[Quincy Jones]], [[B.B. King]], [[Queen Latifah]], [[Kenny Loggins]], [[Randy Newman]], [[Tone Loc]], [[Ozzy Osbourne]], [[Brenda Russell]], [[Barry White]], [[Stevie Wonder]] and a special appearance by [[Bugs Bunny]] in an updated version of "Yakety Yak" retooled with a message about recycling. It premiered on MTV on April 10, 1991 (National Recycling Day), appeared as a trailer at AMC movie theaters, and was distributed on VHS and CD. It was later shown occasionally on ''[[Sesame Street]]'' during the early 1990s, although no ''Sesame Street'' characters were present. The video also appeared once on Nickelodeon in 1995.<ref>http://www.joliejones.com/takeitback/take-it-back-video.html</ref> In 2014, there was talk of an MC Skat Kat revival, with MC Skat Kat featuring on Kid Carnage's new album; however, talks broke down.{{cn|date=March 2016}}
==[[The Stray Mob]]==
* '''[[Fatz]]''' — a short, brown-furred, raspy-voiced cat, who first appeared in the ''[[Opposites Attract]]'' video, and briefly appeared several times with Skat Kat in ''[[Skat Strut]]'', ''[[Space Jam]]'', ''[[Yakety Yak, Take it Back|Yakety Yak - Take it Back]]'', ''[[Looney Tunes: Rabbits Run]]'', and others. He wears a round, green cap with an orange stripe and a zigzag pattern on it, a light-orange shirt, an open, sea-green, short-sleeved shirt, blue pants, and a medallion (originally blank in ''[[Opposites Attract]]'' before it gained a peace symbol). He also wears tennis shoes similar to Skat's, but they are slightly smaller. Before the release of Skat Kat's album, he had no whiskers. He can sometimes be seen wearing sunglasses similar to those Skat Kat wore in the ''[[Opposites Attract]]'' and ''[[Skat Strut]]'' videos. Fatz is short-tempered, has a big appetite, and frequently pulls off his beat boxing skills to make up for his inability to dance and sing. As Skat Kat's "right hand feline", he sometimes takes part in performing with Skat Kat. He is created by [[Michael Patterson]]. Formerly voiced by [["Squeak"]] of the [[College Boyz]].<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xweiQukBM_k</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rx6xNxJsGIY</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hbu8K0hRY5w</ref><ref>http://www.joliejones.com/takeitback/take-it-back-video.html</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wFIzA7dJ8Ao</ref>
* '''[[Taboo]]''' — a tall cat with black fur and a tan-colored face who appeared alongside Fatz in the ''[[Opposites Attract]]'' video. He wears a yellow t-shirt, red shorts with a black belt, and shoes identical to Skat's. He also has a few tan-colored stripes on his tail, and no whiskers. At certain times, he wore round sunglasses. Taboo can stretch his body in any direction, allowing him to perform the craziest dance moves. As a "car crazy" cat, he is responsible for building a turquoise-colored limousine called the [[Skatmobile]] (a [[Katillac]]), which first appeared in the ''[[Skat Strut]]'' video. In the song ''[[Kat Stories]]'', during which he is distinctly and momentarily heard, it is mentioned that he has an underground cave with a garage. He is a "MacGyver reject", but "def in his own way". When Fatz "blasts off and starts dissin'" (i.e. becomes overly disrespectful), only Taboo can "bring him back to earth" to calm him down. He is created by [[Michael Patterson]]. Formerly voiced by [["Rom"]] of the [[College Boyz]].<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xweiQukBM_k</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rx6xNxJsGIY</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hbu8K0hRY5w</ref>
* '''[[Leo]]''' — a large, brawny, brutish, brownish-orange-colored cat (although the lyrics in ''[[Big Time (music video)|Big Time]]'' refer to him as a mutt) who "rolled out of a trash can and into the world of [[MC Skat Kat and the Stray Mob]]". He wears a maroon tank top, orange and light gray striped shorts (orange and black on the album artwork), dark gray fingerless gloves, and a light blue hat with a back flap. The rest of him (i.e. his lower legs) has yet to be seen. Leo is jealous of Skat Kat, and wants to take over as leader of the Mob, but his slow and mean demeanor always prevents him from doing so. In ''[[Space Jam]]'', Leo shows off his own brute strength against the Monstars on equal terms. He is an "illin' groupie" people always talk about, and is occasionally mistaken for a refrigerator. He is created by [[Michael Patterson]].<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rx6xNxJsGIY</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hbu8K0hRY5w</ref>
* '''[[Micetro]]''' — a lavender-colored [[mouse]], who made a few silent appearances in the ''[[Opposites Attract]]'', ''[[Skat Strut]]'', and ''[[Big Time (music video)|Big Time]]'' videos. His name is derived from both the plural form of "mouse", and the word "maestro". As indicated in the press kit, he "popped out of a manhole one day and has been tagging along with the Stray Mob ever since". Micetro is crafty and quick, and his innocent charm makes him formidable. His only flaw is his habit of spreading gossip and bad advice to those who listen to him. Sure enough, he's "down by law with Skat Kat and the Mob". He is created by [[Michael Patterson]]. He resembles [[Fievel Mousekewitz]] from ''[[An American Tail]]''.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xweiQukBM_k</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rx6xNxJsGIY</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hbu8K0hRY5w</ref>
* '''[[Katleen]]''' — a slim cat with orange fur and a black-colored tip at the end of her tail. She has a pink hairdo, and wears black-colored clothing, light blue socks (magenta on the album artwork), and light gray shoes. In subsequent appearances, she also wore a blue bracelet or two and a necklace. Katleen "dances to her own drummer", and is the "ideal around the way feline", who can "ill" or "chill", if she has to. She's also streetwise, sassy, and "not a bit afraid to give Skat Kat a piece of her mind". Both Skat Kat and Katleen are outsiders who "share the same rough edges". Oddly, she is suggested to be the one providing the feminine voices in ''[[So Sweet So Young]]'' and ''[[I Go Crazy]]'', since both voices sound different. However, in the unreleased ''[[Big Time (music video)|Big Time]]'' music video, she not only had her own animated segments, but had several vocal performances different from the previous voices. She is created by [[Michael Patterson]].<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rx6xNxJsGIY</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hbu8K0hRY5w</ref>
* '''[[Silk]]''' — a less cartoonish cat with brown fur. In the ''[[Skat Strut]]'' music video (and so on), she has reddish-brown hair, blue eyes, earrings, a dark purple skirt, a black top, a small, open, short-sleeved, light green shirt, black socks, and purple shoes. On the album artwork, she had black hair, a red, sleeveless shirt, a black skirt, and no whiskers. Silk is a relaxed, elusive, and classy feline, who performs with the Mob, because "she likes the excitement of the streets". Micetro has a big crush on her, which Skat Kat "ain't down with". She is created by [[Michael Patterson]].<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rx6xNxJsGIY</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hbu8K0hRY5w</ref>
==[[Yakety Yak]]==
A [[Bambi]]-inspired four-legged [[yak]] with with white horns, shaggy orange hair, light blue eyes, a big mouth, a tan muzzle, a beige lower lip, gray shaggy fur, a red beard, a black nose, brown ears, a large patch of red fur on his hunched back, a large patch of orange hair on his chest, a brown head, tan eyelids, four brown legs, and a long brown tail with tufts of red hair at the end of the tail that first appeared in the ''[[Yakety Yak, Take it Back|Yakety Yak - Take it Back]]'' music video. He wears two pairs of large tennis shoes on all four of his hooves. He also sported a large gold hoop earring on either his left ear or right ear, and sometimes sunglasses. Since he is a professional rapper first and foremost, Yakety is a good friend to Skat Kat, [[Bugs Bunny]], the Stray Mob, and Tibi. He is named after [[Yakety Yak|the 1958 song of the same name]] by [[The Coasters]]. He even puts [[Porky Pig]]'s famous catchphrase (Th-Th-Th-Th-Th-That's all, folks!) to shame, as evident in the ending of the ''[[Yakety Yak, Take it Back|Yakety Yak - Take it Back]]'' music video. According to producer John Kafka, both the ''[[Skat Strut]]'' and ''[[Big Time (music video)|Big Time]]'' music videos were an attempt to create Yakety, who is referred and described as "a hip urban creature unlike anything else, not a parody, or an attempt to update an existing character"..<ref>{{cite web|author1=John Kafka |title=Animated Film Clips |url=http://johnkafka.com:80/html/animation.html |accessdate=23 March 2016 |archivedate=September 29, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929085609/http://johnkafka.com/html/animation.html }}</ref> He is created by [[Michael Patterson]]. Formerly voiced by [[Dr. John]].<ref>http://www.joliejones.com/takeitback/take-it-back-video.html</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wFIzA7dJ8Ao</ref>
==[[Tibi the Take it Back Butterfly]]==
A cute female black-colored [[anthropomorphic]] [[butterfly]] with light blue eyelids, red lips, light blue antennae, and light blue, orange, and yellow wings that first appeared in the ''[[Yakety Yak, Take it Back|Yakety Yak - Take it Back]]'' music video, where she serves as the main protagonist. She wears white [[Mickey Mouse]]-esque gloves, a black tank top, black shorts, light blue pants, black socks, and light blue [[Minnie Mouse]]-esque shoes. Being a rapper first and foremost, second to Yakety Yak, Tibi is best friends with Skat Kat, [[Bugs Bunny]], the Stray Mob, and Yakety. She is also best friends with a cute female [[anthropomorphic]] [[bee]], as shown in the ''[[Trash Talk (music video)|Trash Talk]]'' music video. She is created by [[Michael Patterson]]. Formerly voiced by [[Melba Moore]].<ref>http://www.joliejones.com/takeitback/take-it-back-video.html</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wFIzA7dJ8Ao</ref>
==Filmography==
* ''[[Opposites Attract]]'' (1989)
* ''[[Skat Strut]]'' (1990)
* ''[[Yakety Yak, Take it Back]]'' (1991)
* ''[[Big Time (music video)|Big Time]]'' (1992)
* ''[[Trash Talk (music video)|Trash Talk]]'' (1992)
*1991: ''[[Yakety Yak, Take it Back (soundtrack)|Yakety Yak, Take it Back]]''
[[Category:Animated musical groups]]
[[Category:Fictional bovids]]
[[Category:Fictional butterflies and moths]]
[[Category:Fictional mice and rats]]
[[Category:Fictional characters introduced in 1990]]
[[Category:Fictional characters introduced in 1991]] | 2016-10-14T01:46:06Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741464320 | '''Joe Fiorito''' is a [[Canadians|Canadian]] journalist and novelist, currently a columnist for the ''[[Toronto Star]]''.<ref>http://www.thestar.com/authors.fiorito_joe.html</ref> He is the author of one novel, ''The Song Beneath the Ice'' (2003).
He has also published four non-fiction books:
* ''Comfort Me with Apples'' (Nuage / Signature Editions, 1994; updated [[McClelland & Stewart]], 2000) - a memoir-cum-recipe book.
* ''Tango on the Main'' (Nuage / Signature Editions, 1996) - collection of essays that originally appeared in the [[Montreal Gazette|Montreal ''Gazette'']] between 1994–5.
* ''The Closer We Are to Dying'' ([[McClelland & Stewart]], 1999) - a family memoir, which became an international bestseller.<ref>http://www.mcclelland.com/author/results.pperl?authorid=8713</ref>
* ''Union Station: Love, Madness, Sex and Survival on the Streets of New Toronto'' ([[McClelland & Stewart]], 2006) - a tribute to his home city, Toronto.
Fiorito was born in [[Fort William, Ontario|Fort William]], Ontario.<ref>{{Cite book| title=Tango on the Mail|pages=Blurb}}</ref> | 2016-08-30T01:07:35Z | '''Joe Fiorito''' is a [[Canadians|Canadian]] journalist and author,<ref name="Casarett,2010">{{cite book|author=David J. Casarett,|title=Last Acts: Discovering Possibility and Opportunity at the End of Life|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Rt7folloTFgC&pg=PA214|date=12 January 2010|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=978-1-4165-8071-3|pages=214–}}</ref> currently a columnist for the ''[[Toronto Star]]''.<ref>http://www.thestar.com/authors.fiorito_joe.html</ref> He is the author of one novel, ''The Song Beneath the Ice'' (2003) and a number of non-fiction books.
==Early life==
Fiorito was born in [[Fort William, Ontario|Fort William]], Ontario.<ref name="O'Connor2011">{{cite book|author=Maureen O'Connor|title=Life Stories: A Guide to Reading Interests in Memoirs, Autobiographies, and Diaries|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=UtnpJBOxYZwC&pg=PA294|date=23 August 2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-61069-146-8|pages=294–}}</ref>
==Bibliography==
* ''Tango on the Main'' (Nuage / Signature Editions, 1996) - collection of essays that originally appeared in the [[Montreal Gazette|Montreal ''Gazette'']] between 1994–5.
* ''Comfort Me with Apples'' (Nuage / Signature Editions, 1994; updated [[McClelland & Stewart]], 2000) - a memoir-cum-recipe book.
* ''The Closer We Are to Dying'' ([[McClelland & Stewart]], 1999) - a family memoir, which became an international bestseller.<ref name="Stocco2015">{{cite book|author=Orest Stocco|title=The Sum of All Spiritual Paths|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9MExCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA120|date=3 January 2015|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-1-926442-02-0|pages=120–}}</ref> <ref>{{cite book|title=The Canadian forum|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=BUsdAQAAMAAJ|date=March 1999|publisher=Canadian Forum,Limited|page=45}}</ref>
''The Song Beneath the Ice'' (2003), a novel
* ''Union Station: Love, Madness, Sex and Survival on the Streets of New Toronto'' ([[McClelland & Stewart]], 2006) - a tribute to his home city, Toronto. | 2016-09-27T17:35:19Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744694039 | |pmid=23453668|pmc=3591855}} (primary source)</ref><ref name="adam2013">{{cite web | url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23240-the-father-of-all-men-is-340000-years-old.html | title=The father of all men is 340,000 years old | publisher=New Scientist | date=6 March 2013 | accessdate=13 March 2013 | last=Barras|first=Colin}}</ref><ref name=fran>{{cite journal |vauthors=Francalacci P, Morelli L, Angius A, Berutti R, Reinier F, Atzeni R, Pilu R, Busonero F, Maschio A, Zara I, Sanna D, Useli A, Urru MF, Marcelli M, Cusano R, Oppo M, Zoledziewska M, Pitzalis M, Deidda F, Porcu E, Poddie F, Kang HM, Lyons R, Tarrier B, Gresham JB, Li B, Tofanelli S, Alonso S, Dei M, Lai S, Mulas A, Whalen MB, Uzzau S, Jones C, Schlessinger D, Abecasis GR, Sanna S, Sidore C, Cucca F |title= Low-pass DNA sequencing of 1200 Sardinians reconstructs European Y-chromosome phylogeny |url= |journal= Science |volume=341 |issue= 6145 | pages=565–569 |year= 2013 |pmid=23908240 |doi= 10.1126/science.1237947}}</ref> while a 2013 paper concluded that he lived between 120,000 and 156,000 years ago<ref name=poz>{{cite journal |vauthors=Poznik GD, Henn BM, Yee MC, Sliwerska E, Euskirchen GM, Lin AA, Snyder M, Quintana-Murci L, Kidd JM, Underhill PA, Bustamante CD |title= Sequencing Y chromosomes resolves discrepancy in time to common ancestor of males versus females |url= |journal= Science|volume= 341|issue=6145 | pages= 562–565 |date=August 2013|pmid=23908239|doi= 10.1126/science.1237619}}</ref><ref name=cann>{{cite journal |author= Cann RL |title= Genetics. Y weigh in again on modern humans |url= |journal=Science |volume= 341|issue=6145 | pages= 465–467 |year= 2013|pmid= 23908212|doi= 10.1126/science.1242899}}</ref> (however, this paper did not include some Cameroonians and one African American, who did not inherit their Y from that "Adam"<ref name=adam2013/>).
| 2016-09-23T02:56:53Z | |pmid=23453668|pmc=3591855}} (primary source)</ref><ref name="adam2013">{{cite web | url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23240-the-father-of-all-men-is-340000-years-old.html | title=The father of all men is 340,000 years old | publisher=New Scientist | date=6 March 2013 | accessdate=13 March 2013 | last=Barras|first=Colin}}</ref><ref name=fran>{{cite journal |vauthors=Francalacci P, Morelli L, Angius A, Berutti R, Reinier F, Atzeni R, Pilu R, Busonero F, Maschio A, Zara I, Sanna D, Useli A, Urru MF, Marcelli M, Cusano R, Oppo M, Zoledziewska M, Pitzalis M, Deidda F, Porcu E, Poddie F, Kang HM, Lyons R, Tarrier B, Gresham JB, Li B, Tofanelli S, Alonso S, Dei M, Lai S, Mulas A, Whalen MB, Uzzau S, Jones C, Schlessinger D, Abecasis GR, Sanna S, Sidore C, Cucca F |title= Low-pass DNA sequencing of 1200 Sardinians reconstructs European Y-chromosome phylogeny |url= |journal= Science |volume=341 |issue= 6145 | pages=565–569 |year= 2013 |pmid=23908240 |doi= 10.1126/science.1237947}}</ref> while a 2013 paper concluded that he lived between 120,000 and 156,000 years ago<ref name=poz>{{cite journal |vauthors=Poznik GD, Henn BM, Yee MC, Sliwerska E, Euskirchen GM, Lin AA, Snyder M, Quintana-Murci L, Kidd JM, Underhill PA, Bustamante CD |title= Sequencing Y chromosomes resolves discrepancy in time to common ancestor of males versus females |url= |journal= Science|volume= 341|issue=6145 | pages= 562–565 |date=August 2013|pmid=23908239|doi= 10.1126/science.1237619}}</ref><ref name=cann>{{cite journal |author= Cann RL |title= Genetics. Y weigh in again on modern humans |url= |journal=Science |volume= 341|issue=6145 | pages= 465–467 |year= 2013|pmid= 23908212|doi= 10.1126/science.1242899}}</ref> However, this paper did not include some Cameroonians and one African American, who did not inherit their Y from that "Adam".<ref name=adam2013/> | 2016-10-16T21:45:59Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744079655 | :* Replica of the [[Bell X-1]] flown by [[Chuck Yeager]], ''Glamorous Glennis'', used in the filming of ''The Right Stuff'' | 2016-10-13T00:26:18Z | :* Replica of the [[Bell X-1]] flown by [[Chuck Yeager]], ''Glamorous Glennis'', used in the filming of ''[[The Right Stuff (film)|The Right Stuff]]'' | 2016-10-13T00:29:05Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745525065 | | Writer = {{hlist|[[Lady Gaga|Stefani Germanotta]]|[[Hillary Lindsey]]|[[Mark Ronson]]|Michael Tucker}}
| Producer = {{hlist|Gaga|Ronson|BloodPop}}
"'''A-Yo'''" is a song recorded by American [[singer-songwriter]] [[Lady Gaga]] for her fifth studio album, ''[[Joanne (album)|Joanne]]''. She wrote the song with [[Mark Ronson]], [[BloodPop]], and [[Hillary Lindsey]], while the former three also produced the song. | 2016-10-21T15:52:04Z | | Writer = {{hlist|[[Lady Gaga|Stefani Germanotta]]|[[Hillary Lindsey]]|[[Mark Ronson]]|[[BloodPop|M. Tucker]]}}
| Producer = {{hlist|Ronson|[[BloodPop]]|Lady Gaga}}
"'''A-Yo'''" is a song recorded by American [[singer-songwriter]] [[Lady Gaga]] for her fifth studio album, ''[[Joanne (album)|Joanne]]'' (2016). Gaga, [[Hillary Lindsey]], [[Mark Ronson]] and [[BloodPop]] wrote the song, and all except Lindsey produced it. | 2016-10-21T16:57:48Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743472429 | While with Cadet, she was contacted by [[Motown]] songwriter [[Ron Miller (songwriter)|Ron Miller]], with a song he had co-written, "[[For Once in My Life]]". She recorded the song, with arrangement by Bart Keyes and production by [[Esmond Edwards]]. The single was issued by Cadet in October 1966, became a local hit, and has been described as "a beauty, capped by soaring modulations that glimmer with the hopefulness of love".<ref name=freeland/> However, on hearing it and discovering that Miller was the co-writer, [[Berry Gordy]] asked Chess not to promote it,<ref name=mnblues/> and had the song recorded by, first, [[Barbara McNair]], and later [[Stevie Wonder]] whose recording became a worldwide hit.<ref name=lifetime/><ref name=allmusic>[http://www.allmusic.com/artist/jean-dushon-mn0001734619 Biography by Andrew Hamilton at Allmusic.com]. Retrieved 25 November 2013</ref> After one further single, DuShon then left Chess, and did not record subsequently. She later said of the failure of "For Once In My Life":<ref name=freeland>[http://www.americansongwriter.com/2007/05/behind-the-song-for-once-in-my-life/ David Freeland, "Behind The Song: “For Once in My Life”, ''American Songwriter'', 1 May 2007]. Retrieved 25 November 2013</ref><blockquote>"It was a very big disappointment in my life. I stopped singing it ‘cause I didn’t have the song. I didn’t have anything. It wasn’t mine anymore."</blockquote> | 2016-10-09T18:17:36Z | While with Cadet, she was contacted by [[Motown]] songwriter [[Ron Miller (songwriter)|Ron Miller]], with a song he had co-written, "[[For Once in My Life]]". She recorded the song, with arrangement by Bart Keyes and production by [[Esmond Edwards]]. The single was issued by Cadet in October 1966, became a local hit, and has been described as "a beauty, capped by soaring modulations that glimmer with the hopefulness of love".<ref name=freeland/> However, on hearing it and discovering that Miller was the co-writer, [[Berry Gordy]] asked Chess not to promote it,<ref name=mnblues/> and had the song recorded by, first, [[Barbara McNair]], and later [[Stevie Wonder]] whose recording became a worldwide hit.<ref name=lifetime/><ref name=allmusic>[http://www.allmusic.com/artist/jean-dushon-mn0001734619 Biography by Andrew Hamilton at Allmusic.com]. Retrieved 25 November 2013</ref> After one further single, DuShon then left Chess and did not record subsequently. She later said of the failure of "For Once In My Life":<blockquote>It was a very big disappointment in my life. I stopped singing it 'cause I didn’t have the song. I didn’t have anything. It wasn’t mine anymore.<ref name=freeland>[http://www.americansongwriter.com/2007/05/behind-the-song-for-once-in-my-life/ David Freeland, "Behind The Song: “For Once in My Life”, ''American Songwriter'', 1 May 2007]. Retrieved 25 November 2013</ref></blockquote> | 2016-10-09T20:31:52Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745776350 | The stadium features a natural grass playing surface and was reportedly preferred over BMO Field for this reason by members of the [[Canada men's national soccer team]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Morgan|last=Campbell|title=Natural Grass 'Not Hot on Radar' for BMO Field|url=http://www.thestar.com/Sports/Soccer/article/501277|newspaper=[[The Toronto Star]]|date=September 18, 2008|accessdate=September 18, 2008}}</ref> BMO Field has since installed a heated and fully irrigated natural grass pitch similar to those which are found in the English [[Premier League]]. | 2016-10-22T08:09:28Z | The stadium features a natural grass playing surface and was reportedly preferred over BMO Field for this reason by members of the [[Canada men's national soccer team]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Morgan|last=Campbell|title=Natural Grass 'Not Hot on Radar' for BMO Field|url=http://www.thestar.com/Sports/Soccer/article/501277|newspaper=[[The Toronto Star]]|date=September 18, 2008|accessdate=September 18, 2008}}</ref> BMO Field has since installed a heated and fully irrigated natural grass field similar to those found in the English [[Premier League]]. | 2016-10-23T07:12:06Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744016258 | Mortimer Davis was a member of the Montreal Board of Trade and the Montreal Stock Exchange as well as a director of many companies, including the Union Bank, [[Royal Bank of Canada]], [[Henry Corby]] [[Corby Distilleries|distillery]] (he served as president from 1907 to 1922), [[Crown Trust]] Company, Empire Tobacco and part of the senior management of the [[Nova Scotia Silver Cobalt Mining Company]] and the [[Consolidated Asbestos Mining Company]].
In 1917, he was knighted by King [[George V of the United Kingdom|George V]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/30022/page/3596/data.pdf|title=London Gazette}}</ref> becoming the first Canadian-born Jew to receive such an honour. | 2016-10-12T16:05:07Z |
In 1917, he was knighted by King [[George V of the United Kingdom|George V]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/30022/page/3596/data.pdf|title=London Gazette}}</ref> becoming the first Canadian-born Jew to receive such an honour.
Mortimer Davis was a member of the Montreal Board of Trade and the [[Montreal Stock Exchange]] as well as a director of many companies, including the Union Bank, [[Royal Bank of Canada]], [[Henry Corby]] [[Corby Distilleries|distillery]] (he served as president from 1907 to 1922), [[Crown Trust]] Company, Empire Tobacco and part of the senior management of the [[Nova Scotia Silver Cobalt Mining Company]] and the [[Consolidated Asbestos Mining Company]]. | 2016-10-12T16:19:28Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744522000 | An '''immediately-invoked function expression''' (or '''IIFE''', pronounced "iffy"<ref name=Alman>{{cite web|last=Alman|first=Ben|title=Immediately Invoked Function Expressions|url=http://benalman.com/news/2010/11/immediately-invoked-function-expression|year=2010|accessdate=4 February 2013}}</ref>) is a [[JavaScript]] design pattern which produces a [[scope (computer science)|lexical scope]] using JavaScript's [[function scoping]]. Immediately-invoked function expressions can be used to avoid [[JavaScript syntax#Scoping_and_hoisting|variable hoisting]] from within blocks, protect against polluting the [[Global variable|global environment]] and simultaneously allow public access to methods while retaining privacy for variables defined within the function. This pattern has been referred to as a '''self-executing anonymous function''',<ref>{{cite book|last=Resig|first=John|title=Pro JavaScript Techniques|year=2006|publisher=Apress|isbn=9781430202837|pages=29}}</ref> but Ben Alman introduced the term IIFE as a more semantically accurate term for the pattern, shortly after its discussion arose on comp.lang.javascript.<ref name=Alman /><ref name=Osmani>{{cite book|last=Osmani|first=Addy|title=Learning JavaScript Design Patterns|year=2012|publisher=O'Reilly|isbn=9781449334871|pages=206}}</ref> | 2016-07-08T15:57:37Z | An '''immediately-invoked function expression''' (or '''IIFE''', pronounced "iffy"<ref name=Alman>{{cite web|last=Alman|first=Ben|title=Immediately Invoked Function Expressions|url=http://benalman.com/news/2010/11/immediately-invoked-function-expression|year=2010|accessdate=4 February 2013}}</ref>) is a [[JavaScript]] [[Programming_idiom|programming language idiom]] which produces a [[scope (computer science)|lexical scope]] using JavaScript's [[function scoping]]. Immediately-invoked function expressions can be used to avoid [[JavaScript syntax#Scoping_and_hoisting|variable hoisting]] from within blocks, protect against polluting the [[Global variable|global environment]] and simultaneously allow public access to methods while retaining privacy for variables defined within the function. This pattern has been referred to as a '''self-executing anonymous function''',<ref>{{cite book|last=Resig|first=John|title=Pro JavaScript Techniques|year=2006|publisher=Apress|isbn=9781430202837|pages=29}}</ref> but Ben Alman introduced the term IIFE as a more semantically accurate term for the pattern, shortly after its discussion arose on comp.lang.javascript.<ref name=Alman /><ref name=Osmani>{{cite book|last=Osmani|first=Addy|title=Learning JavaScript Design Patterns|year=2012|publisher=O'Reilly|isbn=9781449334871|pages=206}}</ref> | 2016-10-15T19:53:09Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744378723 | In October 2016, it was reported that Chieng had landed his own series, a [[sitcom]] called ''International Student'' in which he will star and co-write for. It is scheduled to premiere on Comedy Central in America and [[ABC TV (Australia)|ABC TV]] in Australia in June 2017.<ref name=AV>{{cite news|url=http://www.avclub.com/article/daily-shows-ronny-chieng-lands-his-own-comedy-cent-243701|title=The Daily Show’s Ronny Chieng lands his own Comedy Central series|work=AV Club|last=DiClaudio|first=Dennis|date=5 October 2016}}</ref><ref name=G/> | 2016-10-14T20:44:07Z | In October 2016, it was reported that Chieng had landed his own series, a [[sitcom]] called ''International Student'' in which he will star and co-write for. It is scheduled to premiere on Comedy Central in America and [[ABC TV (Australia)|ABC TV]] in Australia in June 2017.<ref name=G/><ref name=AV>{{cite news|url=http://www.avclub.com/article/daily-shows-ronny-chieng-lands-his-own-comedy-cent-243701|title=The Daily Show’s Ronny Chieng lands his own Comedy Central series|work=AV Club|last=DiClaudio|first=Dennis|date=5 October 2016}}</ref> | 2016-10-14T20:44:39Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745993601 | The break-up of Pangaea began in the Central Atlantic, between North America and Northwest Africa, where rift basins that opened during the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic later became inactive. This period also saw the first stages of the uplift of the Atlas Mountains. The exact timing is controversial, however, and estimates ranges from 200 to 170 Ma.<ref>{{Harvnb|Seton|Müller|Zahirovic|Gaina|2012|loc=Central Atlantic, pp. 218, 220}}</ref>
Theoliitic dikes, sills, and lava flows from the CAMP eruption at 200 Ma have been found in West Africa, eastern North America, northern South America. The extent of the volcanism has been estimated to {{Convert|4.5e6|km2|abbr=on}} of which {{Convert|2.5e6|km2|abbr=on}} covered what is now northern and central Brazil.<ref>{{Harvnb|Marzoli|Renne|Piccirillo|Ernesto|1999|p=616}}</ref> | 2016-10-24T17:01:54Z | The break-up of Pangaea began in the Central Atlantic, between North America and Northwest Africa, where rift basins opened during the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic. This period also saw the first stages of the uplift of the Atlas Mountains. The exact timing is controversial with estimates ranging from 200 to 170 Ma.<ref>{{Harvnb|Seton|Müller|Zahirovic|Gaina|2012|loc=Central Atlantic, pp. 218, 220}}</ref>
Theoliitic [[Dike (geology)|dikes]], [[Sill (geology)|sills]], and lava flows from the CAMP eruption at 200 Ma have been found in West Africa, eastern North America, and northern South America. The extent of the volcanism has been estimated to {{Convert|4.5e6|km2|abbr=on}} of which {{Convert|2.5e6|km2|abbr=on}} covered what is now northern and central Brazil.<ref>{{Harvnb|Marzoli|Renne|Piccirillo|Ernesto|1999|p=616}}</ref> | 2016-10-24T17:06:11Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741285037 | One road is named after the Embleton-born [[William Thomas Stead|W. T. Stead]], a journalist and social campaigner who lost his life on the [[RMS Titanic|RMS ''Titanic'']]. | 2016-09-26T14:52:37Z | One road is named after the Embleton-born [[William Thomas Stead|W. T. Stead]], a journalist and social campaigner who died when the [[RMS Titanic|RMS ''Titanic'']] sank. | 2016-09-26T14:56:24Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743134309 | Al-Dawaymima was captured by [[Israel]]'s [[89th Commando Battalion|Eighty Ninth Battalion]] (commanded by Dov Chesis) of the [[8th Armored Brigade (Israel)|8th Armored Brigade]] led by the founder of the [[Palmach]], [[Yitzhak Sadeh]], after [[Operation Yoav]] on 29 October 1948, five days after the start of the truce. It was the site of the [[al-Dawayima massacre]] in which 80-200 civilians were killed including women and children.<ref name=Jawad/> | 2016-10-07T18:46:46Z | Al-Dawaymima was captured by [[Israel]]'s [[89th Commando Battalion|Eighty Ninth Battalion]] (commanded by Dov Chesis) of the [[8th Armored Brigade (Israel)|8th Armored Brigade]] led by the founder of the [[Palmach]], [[Yitzhak Sadeh]], after [[Operation Yoav]] on 29 October 1948, five days after the start of the truce. It was the site of the [[al-Dawayima massacre]] in which 80-200 civilians were killed including women and children.<ref name=Jawad/> According to Lieutenant-General [[John Bagot Glubb]], a British officer stationed with Jordanian's [[Arab Legion]] in Bethlehem and Hebron at that time, the number of killed was far less, who wrote: "On October 31st, United Nations observers reported that the Israelis had killed thirty women and children at Dawaima (Dawayima), west of Hebron. It would be an exaggeration to claim that great numbers were massacred. But just enough were killed, or roughly handled, to make sure that all the civilian population took flight, thereby leaving more and more land vacant for future Jewish settlement. These particular villages west of Hebron were to remain vacant and their lands uncultivated for eight years."<ref name=Glubb/> | 2016-10-08T01:32:02Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=746302035 | Pohick Church was photographed by [[Frances Benjamin Johnston]] in 1930 as part of the Carnegie Survey of the Architecture of the South;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/csas200907115/|title=Pohick Church, Lorton vic., Fairfax County, Virginia|work=The Library of Congress|accessdate=28 February 2016}}</ref> it was documented by the [[Historic American Buildings Survey]] in 1941.<ref name=VAnom/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/va0434/|title=Pohick Church, 9301 Richmond Highway, Lorton, Fairfax County, VA|publisher=|accessdate=28 February 2016}}</ref> A historical marker was erected by the state of Virginia commemorating the history of the structure in 1934, and can still be seen today, located just outside the church property itself.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=13750|title=Pohick Church Marker|publisher=|accessdate=23 February 2016}}</ref> Next to it is a sign placed by the [[Civil War Trails Program]] in 2014 detailing the history of the site during the Civil War.<ref name="CivilWarTrails"/> The church is the centerpiece of a [[historic overlay district]] established by Fairfax County in 1970; it was the first such district designated by the county.<ref name="fairfaxcounty.gov">{{cite web|url=http://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/dpz/historic/overlaydistricts/pohick_church_dg.pdf |format=PDF |title=Pohick Church Historic Overlay District Design Guidelines |website=Fairfaxcounty.gov |accessdate=2016-06-17}}</ref> It was added to the [[Virginia Landmarks Register]] in 1968, and to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] the following year.<ref name=VAnom/> Restoration and maintenance of the church property is currently overseen by the Historic Pohick Church Foundation, formally known as the Pohick Church Endowment Fund Inc., a nonprofit organization established in 1983.<ref name="pohick.org1"/> | 2016-10-26T15:07:12Z |
===Recognition===
Pohick Church was photographed by [[Frances Benjamin Johnston]] in 1930 as part of the Carnegie Survey of the Architecture of the South;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/item/csas200907115/|title=Pohick Church, Lorton vic., Fairfax County, Virginia|work=The Library of Congress|accessdate=28 February 2016}}</ref> it was documented by the [[Historic American Buildings Survey]] in 1941.<ref name=VAnom/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/va0434/|title=Pohick Church, 9301 Richmond Highway, Lorton, Fairfax County, VA|publisher=|accessdate=28 February 2016}}</ref> A historical marker was erected by the state of Virginia commemorating the history of the structure in 1934, and can still be seen today, located just outside the church property itself.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=13750|title=Pohick Church Marker|publisher=|accessdate=23 February 2016}}</ref> Next to it is a sign placed by the [[Civil War Trails Program]] in 2014 detailing the history of the site during the Civil War.<ref name="CivilWarTrails"/> Also at the site is a marker detailing the history of the old telegraph line, one of the first in the world, which ran nearby and which is today memorialized in the name of [[Virginia State Route 241|Telegraph Road]].<ref>http://www.hmdb.org/Marker.asp?Marker=199</ref> The church is the centerpiece of a [[historic overlay district]] established by Fairfax County in 1970; it was the first such district designated by the county.<ref name="fairfaxcounty.gov">{{cite web|url=http://www.fairfaxcounty.gov/dpz/historic/overlaydistricts/pohick_church_dg.pdf |format=PDF |title=Pohick Church Historic Overlay District Design Guidelines |website=Fairfaxcounty.gov |accessdate=2016-06-17}}</ref> It was added to the [[Virginia Landmarks Register]] in 1968, and to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] the following year.<ref name=VAnom/> Restoration and maintenance of the church property is currently overseen by the Historic Pohick Church Foundation, formally known as the Pohick Church Endowment Fund Inc., a nonprofit organization established in 1983.<ref name="pohick.org1"/> | 2016-10-26T15:25:02Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743902835 | When Spanish explorers, early trappers and hunters and gold miners visited and settled in Colorado, the state was populated by Native American nations. [[Westward expansion]] brought European settlers to the area and Colorado's [[recorded history]] began with treaties and wars with Mexico and Native American nations to gain territorial lands to support the transcontinental migration. In the early days of the Colorado gold rush, Colorado was a [[Territory of Kansas]] and [[Territory of Jefferson]]. On August 1, 1876, Colorado was admitted as a state, maintaining its territorial borders. | 2016-10-02T07:30:39Z | When Spanish explorers, early trappers and hunters and gold miners visited and settled in Colorado, the state was populated by Native American nations. [[Westward expansion]] brought European settlers to the area and Colorado's [[recorded history]] began with treaties and wars with Mexico and Native American nations to gain territorial lands to support the transcontinental migration. In the early days of the Colorado gold rush, Colorado was a [[Territory of Kansas]] and [[Territory of Jefferson]]. On August 1, 1876, Colorado was admitted as a state, maintaining its territorial borders.Colorado is the 8th biggest state in the USA. | 2016-10-11T23:03:37Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742987394 | The 91st brigade of the ''129th division'' has sailed from [[Port of Humen]] 2 April 1946 and 12 April 1946, arriving to [[Uraga, Kanagawa]] 19 May 1946 and 18 May 1946, respectively.<ref>[http://www.jacar.go.jp/english/glossary_en/term/0100-0040-0080-0010-0010-0050-0020.html 129th Division (Shinbu)]</ref> The 92nd brigade of the ''129th division'' has sailed the same route 9 April 1946, arriving to [[Uraga, Kanagawa]] 17 May 1946. The disembarkation was delayed until 20 May 1946 because of [[cholera]] outbreak on-board. | 2016-07-15T05:50:37Z | The 91st brigade of the ''129th division'' has sailed from [[Port of Humen]] 2 April 1946 and 12 April 1946, arriving to [[Uraga, Kanagawa]] 19 May 1946 and 18 May 1946, respectively.<ref>[http://www.jacar.go.jp/english/glossary_en/term/0100-0040-0080-0010-0010-0050-0020.html 129th Division (Shinbu)]</ref> The 92nd brigade of the ''129th division'' has sailed the same route 9 April 1946, arriving to [[Uraga, Kanagawa]] 17 May 1946. The disembarkation was delayed until 20 May 1946 because of [[cholera]] outbreak on board.
| 2016-10-07T02:28:14Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744386320 | He has contributed to the assimilation of cognitive science principles in the clinical field<ref>{{Cite journal|last=David|first=Daniel|last2=Szentagotai|first2=Aurora|date=2006-05-01|title=Cognitions in cognitive-behavioral psychotherapies; toward an integrative model|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272735805001352|journal=Clinical Psychology Review|volume=26|issue=3|pages=284–298|doi=10.1016/j.cpr.2005.09.003}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=David|first=Daniel|last2=Miclea|first2=Mircea|last3=Opre|first3=Adrian|date=2004-04-01|title=The information-processing approach to the human mind: Basics and beyond|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jclp.10250/abstract|journal=Journal of Clinical Psychology|language=en|volume=60|issue=4|pages=353–368|doi=10.1002/jclp.10250|issn=1097-4679}}</ref>. A more specific contribution was focused on developing the theory and practice of [[Rational emotive behavior therapy|rational-emotive]] and [[Cognitive behavioral therapy|cognitive-behavioral therapies]] (CBT/REBT)<ref>{{Cite book|title=Rational and irrational beliefs in human functioning and disturbances; Implication for research, theory, and practice|last=David|first=Daniel|last2=Lynn|first2=Steven|last3=Ellis|first3=Albert|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2010|isbn=9780195182231|location=New York|pages=|via=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Cognitive therapy of personality disorders|last=David|first=Daniel|last2=Freeman|first2=Arthur|publisher=Guilford Press|year=2014|isbn=9781462518050|editor-last=Beck|editor-first=Aaron|edition=Third|location=New York|pages=|chapter=Overview of cognitive behavior therapy of personality disorders|editor-last2=Davis|editor-first2=Denise|editor-last3=Freeman|editor-first3=Arthur|via=}}</ref>, which brought him both the [[Aaron T. Beck Award]] and the [[Albert Ellis Award]] of the [http://psychotherapy.psiedu.ubbcluj.ro/ International Institute for the Advanced Study of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health]. In 2004 he was invited as "Guest Editor" by the ''[[Journal of Clinical Psychology]]'' to organize a special issue titled: "Cognitive revolution in clinical psychology: Beyond the behavioral approach" in order to present the state-of-the-art regarding the impact of the cognitive revolution on the clinical field<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Journal of Clinical Psychology - Volume 60, Issue 4 - Cognitive Revolution in Clinical Psychology: Beyond the Behavioral Approach - Wiley Online Library|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jclp.v60:4/issuetoc|doi=10.1002/jclp.v60:4/issuetoc}}</ref>. As founding editor of the ''[http://jebp.psychotherapy.ro/ Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies]'' (abstracted: SSCI/Thomson ISI Web of Science; SCOPUS; PsycInfo; IBSS and full text: EBSCO; ProQuest<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jebp.psychotherapy.ro/|title=Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies|website=Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-14}}</ref>), a Journal focused on evidence-based practice, he has supported the evidence-based approach in the clinical field. At this moment, is co-editor of the prestigious ''[http://www.springer.com/psychology/psychology+general/journal/10942 Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.springer.com/psychology/psychology+general/journal/10942|title=Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy - incl. option to publish open access|website=springer.com|access-date=2016-10-14}}</ref>. In 2013, the two research platforms, [http://clinicalpsychology.psiedu.ubbcluj.ro/skyra/ The SkyRa Platform] for Clinical Cognitive Neurosciences and the [http://www.psytech.ro/ PsyTech-Matrix Platform] in Robotics/Robotherapy and Virtual Reality Psychotherapy, that he is coordinating as part of the [http://psychotherapy.psiedu.ubbcluj.ro/ International Institute for the Advanced Study of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health], have both been included in [http://portal.meril.eu/converis-esf/publicweb/startpage?lang=1 Mapping of the European Research Infrastructure Landscape] (MERIL database).<ref name="meril_institute">{{Cite web|url=http://portal.meril.eu/converis-esf/publicweb/research_infrastructure/3446|title=MERIL - RI Information System|last=AG|first=Avedas|website=portal.meril.eu|access-date=2016-10-14}}</ref> | 2016-10-14T21:45:55Z | He has contributed to the assimilation of cognitive science principles in the clinical field.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=David|first=Daniel|last2=Szentagotai|first2=Aurora|date=2006-05-01|title=Cognitions in cognitive-behavioral psychotherapies; toward an integrative model|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272735805001352|journal=Clinical Psychology Review|volume=26|issue=3|pages=284–298|doi=10.1016/j.cpr.2005.09.003}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=David|first=Daniel|last2=Miclea|first2=Mircea|last3=Opre|first3=Adrian|date=2004-04-01|title=The information-processing approach to the human mind: Basics and beyond|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jclp.10250/abstract|journal=Journal of Clinical Psychology|language=en|volume=60|issue=4|pages=353–368|doi=10.1002/jclp.10250|issn=1097-4679}}</ref> A more specific contribution was focused on developing the theory and practice of [[Rational emotive behavior therapy|rational-emotive]] and [[Cognitive behavioral therapy|cognitive-behavioral therapies]] (CBT/REBT)<ref>{{Cite book|title=Rational and irrational beliefs in human functioning and disturbances; Implication for research, theory, and practice|last=David|first=Daniel|last2=Lynn|first2=Steven|last3=Ellis|first3=Albert|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2010|isbn=9780195182231|location=New York|pages=|via=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Cognitive therapy of personality disorders|last=David|first=Daniel|last2=Freeman|first2=Arthur|publisher=Guilford Press|year=2014|isbn=9781462518050|editor-last=Beck|editor-first=Aaron|edition=Third|location=New York|pages=|chapter=Overview of cognitive behavior therapy of personality disorders|editor-last2=Davis|editor-first2=Denise|editor-last3=Freeman|editor-first3=Arthur|via=}}</ref>, which brought him both the [[Aaron T. Beck Award]] and the [[Albert Ellis Award]] of the [http://psychotherapy.psiedu.ubbcluj.ro/ International Institute for the Advanced Study of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health]. In 2004 he was invited as "Guest Editor" by the ''[[Journal of Clinical Psychology]]'' to organize a special issue titled: "Cognitive revolution in clinical psychology: Beyond the behavioral approach" in order to present the state-of-the-art regarding the impact of the cognitive revolution on the clinical field.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Journal of Clinical Psychology - Volume 60, Issue 4 - Cognitive Revolution in Clinical Psychology: Beyond the Behavioral Approach - Wiley Online Library|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jclp.v60:4/issuetoc|doi=10.1002/jclp.v60:4/issuetoc}}</ref> As founding editor of the ''[http://jebp.psychotherapy.ro/ Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies]'' (abstracted: SSCI/Thomson ISI Web of Science; SCOPUS; PsycInfo; IBSS and full text: EBSCO; ProQuest<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://jebp.psychotherapy.ro/|title=Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies|website=Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-14}}</ref>), a Journal focused on evidence-based practice, he has supported the evidence-based approach in the clinical field. At this moment, is co-editor of the prestigious ''[http://www.springer.com/psychology/psychology+general/journal/10942 Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.springer.com/psychology/psychology+general/journal/10942|title=Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy - incl. option to publish open access|website=springer.com|access-date=2016-10-14}}</ref> In 2013, the two research platforms, [http://clinicalpsychology.psiedu.ubbcluj.ro/skyra/ The SkyRa Platform] for Clinical Cognitive Neurosciences and the [http://www.psytech.ro/ PsyTech-Matrix Platform] in Robotics/Robotherapy and Virtual Reality Psychotherapy, that he is coordinating as part of the [http://psychotherapy.psiedu.ubbcluj.ro/ International Institute for the Advanced Study of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health], have both been included in [http://portal.meril.eu/converis-esf/publicweb/startpage?lang=1 Mapping of the European Research Infrastructure Landscape] (MERIL database).<ref name="meril_institute">{{Cite web|url=http://portal.meril.eu/converis-esf/publicweb/research_infrastructure/3446|title=MERIL - RI Information System|last=AG|first=Avedas|website=portal.meril.eu|access-date=2016-10-14}}</ref> | 2016-10-14T21:47:15Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743322486 | '''Troubridge Hill''' is a hill on the south coast of [[Yorke Peninsula]] in [[South Australia]] about {{convert|13.5|km|abbr=0}} south west of [[Edithburgh, South Australia|Edithburgh]] and about {{convert|3.8|km|abbr=0}} west of [[Troubridge Point]]. It was discovered, reported as being a ’[[hummock]] upon this low part (of the coatline)’ and named by [[Matthew Flinders]] on 24 March 1802 after [[Sir Thomas Troubridge, 1st Baronet]]. Since 1980, it has been the site of an operating lighthouse known as the [[Troubridge Hill Lighthouse]]. Its adjoining coastline borders a protected area of the same name - the Troubridge Hill Aquatic Reserve.<ref name=Chart21>{{Citation | author1=South Australia. Department of Marine and Harbors | title=The Waters of South Australia a series of charts, sailing notes and coastal photographs | publication-date=1985 | publisher=Dept. of Marine and Harbors, South Australia | page = Chart 21|isbn=978-0-7243-7603-2 }}</ref><ref name=SB>{{cite book|last=Department of Marine and Harbors|title=South Australia, Gulf of St Vincent, Edithburgh, Small Boat Chart, Scale 1:50,000)|date=1991}}</ref><ref name=Flinders>{{cite book| last = Flinders| first = Matthew| authorlink = Matthew Flinders| title = A Voyage to Terra Australis : undertaken for the purpose of completing the discovery of that vast country, and prosecuted in the years 1801, 1802, and 1803 in His Majesty's ship the Investigator, and subsequently in the armed vessel Porpoise and Cumberland Schooner; with an account of the shipwreck of the Porpoise, arrival of the Cumberland at Mauritius, and imprisonment of the commander during six years and a half in that island. | url = http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?pageno=249&fk_files=1486723 | accessdate = 27 March 2013 | edition = Facsimile | year = 1966| origyear = 1814 | publisher = Libraries Board of South Australia| location = Adelaide; Facsimile reprint of: London : G. and W. Nicol, 1814 ed. In two volumes, with an Atlas (3 volumes)| page = 253}}</ref><ref name=Manning>{{cite web|last1=Manning|first1=Geoffrey|title=Troubridge|url=http://www.slsa.sa.gov.au/manning/pn/t/t5.htm#troubridge|publisher=The State Library of South Australia|accessdate=4 August 2014}}</ref><ref name=LOA>{{cite web|title= Troubridge Hill Lighthouse|url=http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/SA/Troubridge%20Hill/Troubridge%20Hill.htm|publisher=Lighthouses of Australia Inc|accessdate=25 June 2014}}</ref><ref name=AR/>
==Troubridge Hill Aquatic Reserve==
The Troubridge Hill aquatic reserve immediately adjoins the coastline at Troubridge Hill. It was declared in 1983 for the ‘protection of marine habitat and associated organisms and for education and recreation purposes.’ The collection or removal of any marine organism is prohibited with the exception of organisms collected by [[Fishing techniques#line fishing| line fishing]]. The following activities are permitted - boating, diving and swimming. The reserve extends seaward for a distance of about {{convert|1.6|km|abbr=0}} from the coastline between Suicide Point to the west of Troubridge Hill to a point on the coast about {{convert|1|km|abbr=0}} east of Troubridge Hill. The wrecksite of the [[SS Clan Ranald (1900)|SS ''Clan Ranald'']] is located within the reserve.<ref>{{cite web|title=Summary of SA Marine Protected Areas by Type (see 'SA Reserve List' tab)|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/system/files/pages/59d8b000-6fc9-4470-b0ba-517ba3aeae44/files/sa-capad-2002-me.xls|publisher=Australian Government - Department of the Environment|accessdate=5 October 2014|date=10 February 2003}}</ref><ref name=AR>{{Citation | author1=Primary Industries and Regions South Australia (PIRSA)| title=Aquatic Reserve: Troubridge Hill| publication-date=2007| publisher=Primary Industries and Regions South Australia| pages= |isbn=|url= http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/65419/7._AqResWeb.pdf}}</ref><ref name=SB/> | 2015-11-04T00:22:13Z | '''Troubridge Hill''' is a hill on the south coast of [[Yorke Peninsula]] in [[South Australia]] about {{convert|13.5|km|abbr=0}} south west of [[Edithburgh, South Australia|Edithburgh]] and about {{convert|3.8|km|abbr=0}} west of [[Troubridge Point]]. It was discovered, reported as being a ’[[hummock]] upon this low part (of the coatline)’ and named by [[Matthew Flinders]] on 24 March 1802 after [[Sir Thomas Troubridge, 1st Baronet]]. Since 1980, it has been the site of an operating lighthouse known as the [[Troubridge Hill Lighthouse]]. Its adjoining coastline borders a protected area of the same name - the [[Troubridge Hill Aquatic Reserve.<ref name=Chart21>{{Citation | author1=South Australia. Department of Marine and Harbors | title=The Waters of South Australia a series of charts, sailing notes and coastal photographs | publication-date=1985 | publisher=Dept. of Marine and Harbors, South Australia | page = Chart 21|isbn=978-0-7243-7603-2 }}</ref><ref name=SB>{{cite book|last=Department of Marine and Harbors|title=South Australia, Gulf of St Vincent, Edithburgh, Small Boat Chart, Scale 1:50,000)|date=1991}}</ref><ref name=Flinders>{{cite book| last = Flinders| first = Matthew| authorlink = Matthew Flinders| title = A Voyage to Terra Australis : undertaken for the purpose of completing the discovery of that vast country, and prosecuted in the years 1801, 1802, and 1803 in His Majesty's ship the Investigator, and subsequently in the armed vessel Porpoise and Cumberland Schooner; with an account of the shipwreck of the Porpoise, arrival of the Cumberland at Mauritius, and imprisonment of the commander during six years and a half in that island. | url = http://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/world/readfile?pageno=249&fk_files=1486723 | accessdate = 27 March 2013 | edition = Facsimile | year = 1966| origyear = 1814 | publisher = Libraries Board of South Australia| location = Adelaide; Facsimile reprint of: London : G. and W. Nicol, 1814 ed. In two volumes, with an Atlas (3 volumes)| page = 253}}</ref><ref name=Manning>{{cite web|last1=Manning|first1=Geoffrey|title=Troubridge|url=http://www.slsa.sa.gov.au/manning/pn/t/t5.htm#troubridge|publisher=The State Library of South Australia|accessdate=4 August 2014}}</ref><ref name=LOA>{{cite web|title= Troubridge Hill Lighthouse|url=http://www.lighthouse.net.au/lights/SA/Troubridge%20Hill/Troubridge%20Hill.htm|publisher=Lighthouses of Australia Inc|accessdate=25 June 2014}}</ref><ref name=AR/> | 2016-10-09T03:20:54Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742089969 | The claims have been criticized for ignoring that the formulation second law specifies it only applies to [[isolated system]]s, those that do not exchange matter or energy with their surroundings. Organisms, in contrast, are open systems, as they constantly exchange energy and matter with their environment: for example animals eat food and excrete waste, and radiate and absorb heat. Similarly, the Earth absorbs energy from the Sun and emits energy back into space. The Sun-Earth-space system does not violate the second law, because the enormous increase in entropy due to the Sun and Earth radiating into space dwarfs the local decrease in entropy caused by the existence and evolution of [[self-organization|self-organizing]] life.<ref name=Isaak/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://physics.gmu.edu/~roerter/EvolutionEntropy.htm |title=Does Life On Earth Violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics? |last=Oerter |first=Robert N. |year=2006 |publisher=[[George Mason University]] |location=Fairfax, VA |accessdate=2007-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | 2016-10-01T17:03:50Z | The claims have been criticized for ignoring that the formulation second law specifies it only applies to [[isolated system]]s, those that do not exchange matter or energy with their surroundings. Organisms, in contrast, are open systems, as they constantly exchange energy and matter with their environment: for example animals eat food and excrete waste, and radiate and absorb heat. It is argued that the Sun-Earth-space system does not violate the second law because the enormous increase in entropy due to the Sun and Earth radiating into space dwarfs the local decrease in entropy caused by the existence and evolution of [[self-organization|self-organizing]] life.<ref name=Isaak/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://physics.gmu.edu/~roerter/EvolutionEntropy.htm |title=Does Life On Earth Violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics? |last=Oerter |first=Robert N. |year=2006 |publisher=[[George Mason University]] |location=Fairfax, VA |accessdate=2007-03-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | 2016-10-01T17:06:52Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742253106 | *[[David Edwards (cricketer)|David Edwards]] (born 1980), played for Staffordshire. | 2016-09-17T21:16:28Z | *[[David Edwards (cricketer, born 1980)|David Edwards]] (born 1980), played for Staffordshire. | 2016-10-02T16:36:04Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745946017 | |name = Apple Campus | 2016-10-19T14:30:36Z | |name = Apple Headquarters | 2016-10-24T09:43:04Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744191122 | Aspects of the novel were inspired by an [[Exorcism of Roland Doe|exorcism performed on a young boy]] from [[Cottage City, Maryland]], in 1949 by the Jesuit priest, Fr. [[William S. Bowdern]], who formerly taught at both [[St. Louis University]] and [[St. Louis University High School]]. Hunkeler's Catholic family was convinced the child's aggressive behavior was attributable to demonic possession, and called upon the services of Father [[Walter Halloran]] to perform the rite of exorcism.<ref>[http://www.strangemag.com/exorcistpage1.html] Strangemag</ref> Although Friedkin admits he is very reluctant to speak about the factual aspects of the film, he made the film with the intention of immortalizing the events that took place in St. Louis, Missouri in 1949, and despite the relatively minor changes that were made, the film depicts everything that could be verified by those involved. It was one of three exorcisms to have been sanctioned by the Catholic Church in the United States at that time. In order to make the film, Friedkin was allowed access to the diaries of the priests involved, as well as the doctors and nurses; he also discussed the events with the boy's aunt in great detail. Friedkin doesn't believe that the "head-spinning" actually occurred, but this has been disputed. Friedkin is not a Christian of any denomination.<ref>[http://thedianerehmshow.org/shows/2013-04-29/william-friedkin-friedkin-connection-memoir/transcript] The Diane Rehm Show</ref>
Though inspired by actual events, the fictional novel by [[William Peter Blatty]] changed several details, such as turning the sex of the allegedly possessed victim from a boy into a girl as well as changing the alleged victim's age.<ref name=Susman/><ref name=strangemag/> Later analysis by [[paranormal]] [[Skepticism|skeptic]]s of the original 'Roland Doe' (or 'Robbie Mannheim') case have found that it was likely the case of a [[Mental illness|mentally ill]] teenager acting out. The actual events likely to have occurred (such as words being carved on skin) being those that a young man could simply fake by himself, though the case attracted a great deal of notoriety.<ref name=strangemag>{{cite web|url=http://www.strangemag.com/exorcistpage1.html|title=The Cold Hard Facts Behind the Story that Inspired "The Exorcist"|publisher=''Strange Magazine''|accessdate=August 10, 2015}}</ref> | 2016-10-13T13:55:45Z | Aspects of Blatty's fictional novel were inspired by the [[Exorcism of Roland Doe|exorcism performed on Roland Doe]] a young boy from [[Cottage City, Maryland]], in 1949 by the Jesuit priest, Fr. [[William S. Bowdern]], who formerly taught at both [[St. Louis University]] and [[St. Louis University High School]]. Hunkeler's Catholic family was convinced the child's aggressive behavior was attributable to demonic possession, and called upon the services of Father [[Walter Halloran]] to perform the rite of exorcism. It was one of three exorcisms to have been sanctioned by the Catholic Church in the United States at that time. Later analysis by [[paranormal]] [[Skepticism|skeptic]]s of the original 'Roland Doe' (or 'Robbie Mannheim') case have contended that Doe was likely a [[Mental illness|mentally ill]] teenager acting out, as the actual events likely to have occurred (such as words being carved on skin) were such that they could have been faked by Doe himself.<ref name=strangemag>{{cite web|url=http://www.strangemag.com/exorcistpage1.html|title=The Cold Hard Facts Behind the Story that Inspired "The Exorcist"|publisher=''Strange Magazine''|accessdate=August 10, 2015}}</ref> The novel changed several details of the case, such as changing the gender of the allegedly possessed victim from a boy into a girl and changing the alleged victim's age.<ref name=Susman/><ref name=strangemag/>
Although Friedkin has admitted he is very reluctant to speak about the factual aspects of the film, he made the film with the intention of immortalizing the events that took place in St. Louis in 1949, and despite the relatively minor changes that were made, the film depicts everything that could be verified by those involved. In order to make the film, Friedkin was allowed access to the diaries of the priests involved, as well as the doctors and nurses; he also discussed the events with Doe's aunt in great detail. Friedkin has said that he does not believe that the "head-spinning" actually occurred, but this has been disputed. Friedkin is not a Christian of any denomination.<ref>[http://thedianerehmshow.org/shows/2013-04-29/william-friedkin-friedkin-connection-memoir/transcript] The Diane Rehm Show</ref> | 2016-10-13T17:54:58Z | 1 |
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