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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742712630 | Ovenden [[rugby league]] club competes in the [[National Conference League]]. | 2016-10-05T09:20:14Z | Ovenden [[rugby league]] club competed in the [[National Conference League]] up until 2015 before having to withdraw due to a lack of players and finance.<ref>{{cite news|title=Rugby League: Ovenden pull out of National Conference League|url=http://www.halifaxcourier.co.uk/sport/rugby/rugby-league-ovenden-pull-out-of-national-conference-league-1-7062448|accessdate=5 October 2016|work=Halifax Courier|date=21 January 2015}}</ref> | 2016-10-05T09:26:29Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744093495 | In October 2016, Ford engaged in an online [[Moral panic|witch hunt]] attack against an autistic man who was accused of harassing women on public transport in Melbourne, and refused to apologise when she was informed of the man's condition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/blogs/tim-blair/clem-and-friends-misfire/news-story/257771267317c89845e28edc1740e200|title='Clem and Friends Misfire'|website=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=2016-10-13}}</ref> | 2016-10-13T02:19:18Z | In October 2016, Ford engaged in an online campaign against a man who was accused of harassing women on public transport in Melbourne, and refused to apologise when she was informed that the man was autistic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/blogs/tim-blair/clem-and-friends-misfire/news-story/257771267317c89845e28edc1740e200|title='Clem and Friends Misfire'|website=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=2016-10-13}}</ref> | 2016-10-13T02:28:58Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745357091 | In August, 2012 it was announced<ref>{{cite web|last=Morris|first=Clint|title=Christopher Guest, Jim Piddock & Chris O’Dowd plant Family Tree|url=http://moviehole.net/201256700christopher-guest-jim-piddock-chris-odowd-plant-family-tree|publisher=Moviehole|accessdate=4 September 2012}}</ref> that Piddock would be co-writing, acting, and producing a new TV comedy series with Christopher Guest for HBO and the BBC titled ''[[Family Tree (TV series)|Family Tree]]''.<ref name=filmref/><ref name=hollywood/> On October 13, 2016, ''[[Mascots (film)|Mascots]]'', which he co-wrote with Guest, stars in, and produced, premiered on Netflix. | 2016-10-14T01:45:26Z | In August, 2012 it was announced<ref>{{cite web|last=Morris|first=Clint|title=Christopher Guest, Jim Piddock & Chris O’Dowd plant Family Tree|url=http://moviehole.net/201256700christopher-guest-jim-piddock-chris-odowd-plant-family-tree|publisher=Moviehole|accessdate=4 September 2012}}</ref> that Piddock would be co-writing, acting, and producing a new TV comedy series with Christopher Guest for HBO and the BBC titled ''[[Family Tree (TV series)|Family Tree]]''.<ref name=filmref/><ref name=hollywood/> On October 13, 2016, ''[[Mascots (2016 film)|Mascots]]'', which he co-wrote with Guest, stars in, and produced, premiered on Netflix. | 2016-10-20T17:18:17Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742743268 | Nuts are the source of energy and nutrients for the new plant. They contain a relatively large quantity of calories, essential unsaturated and monounsaturated fats including [[linoleic acid]] and [[linolenic acid]], vitamins, and essential amino acids. Many nuts are good sources of vitamin E, vitamin B<sub>2</sub>, folate, fiber, and the essential minerals magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, copper, and selenium.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Kris-Etherton PM, Yu-Poth S, Sabaté J, Ratcliffe HE, Zhao G, Etherton TD |year=1999|title= Nuts and their bioactive constituents: effects on serum lipids and other factors that affect disease risk|journal= Am J Clin Nutr |volume=70|pages= 504S–511S|pmid=10479223|issue=3 Suppl}}</ref> Nuts are most healthy in their raw unroasted form,<ref name=bbc/> because up to 15% of the fats are destroyed during the roasting process. {{Citation needed|date=June 2013}} Unroasted walnuts have twice as many [[antioxidants]] as other nuts or seeds.<ref name=bbc>{{cite news | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-12865291 | title = Walnuts are the healthiest nut, say scientists|date = March 27, 2011 | work = [[BBC News]] | accessdate = March 28, 2011}}</ref> It is controversial whether increasing dietary antioxidants confers benefit or harm.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Baillie, J.K. |author2=Thompson, A.A.R. |author3=Irving, J.B. |author4=Bates, M.G.D. |author5=Sutherland, A.I. |author6=MacNee, W. |author7=Maxwell, S.R.J. |author8=Webb, D.J. |year=2009|title=Oral antioxidant supplementation does not prevent acute mountain sickness: double blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial|journal= QJM |volume=102 |issue=5|pages= 341–8|doi=10.1093/qjmed/hcp026|pmid=19273551}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Bjelakovic G |author2=Nikolova, D |author3=Gluud, LL |author4=Simonetti, RG |author5=Gluud, C |year=2007|title=Mortality in randomized trials of antioxidant supplements for primary and secondary prevention: systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=JAMA |volume=297 |issue=8|pages= 842–57| doi=10.1001/jama.297.8.842|pmid= 17327526}}</ref> [[File:Nuts and seeds (996x563).PNG|thumb|right|300px|A graph detailing the nutritional properties of nuts and oily seeds.]] | 2016-10-05T13:39:24Z | Nuts are the source of energy and nutrients for the new plant. They contain a relatively large quantity of calories, essential unsaturated and monounsaturated fats including [[linoleic acid]] and [[linolenic acid]], vitamins, and essential amino acids. Many nuts are good sources of vitamin E, vitamin B<sub>2</sub>, folate, fiber, and the essential minerals magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, copper, and selenium.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Kris-Etherton PM, Yu-Poth S, Sabaté J, Ratcliffe HE, Zhao G, Etherton TD |year=1999|title= Nuts and their bioactive constituents: effects on serum lipids and other factors that affect disease risk|journal= Am J Clin Nutr |volume=70|pages= 504S–511S|pmid=10479223|issue=3 Suppl}}</ref> Nuts are most healthy in their raw unroasted form,<ref name=bbc/>because roasting can significantly damage and destroy fats during the process.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Difference Between Raw, Pasteurized and Roasted Almonds|url=http://www.legendaryfoodsonline.com/informationcenter/resources/what-does-raw-pasteurized-and-roasted-almonds|website=Legendary Foods}}</ref> Unroasted walnuts have twice as many [[antioxidants]] as other nuts or seeds.<ref name=bbc>{{cite news | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-12865291 | title = Walnuts are the healthiest nut, say scientists|date = March 27, 2011 | work = [[BBC News]] | accessdate = March 28, 2011}}</ref> It is controversial whether increasing dietary antioxidants confers benefit or harm.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Baillie, J.K. |author2=Thompson, A.A.R. |author3=Irving, J.B. |author4=Bates, M.G.D. |author5=Sutherland, A.I. |author6=MacNee, W. |author7=Maxwell, S.R.J. |author8=Webb, D.J. |year=2009|title=Oral antioxidant supplementation does not prevent acute mountain sickness: double blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial|journal= QJM |volume=102 |issue=5|pages= 341–8|doi=10.1093/qjmed/hcp026|pmid=19273551}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Bjelakovic G |author2=Nikolova, D |author3=Gluud, LL |author4=Simonetti, RG |author5=Gluud, C |year=2007|title=Mortality in randomized trials of antioxidant supplements for primary and secondary prevention: systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=JAMA |volume=297 |issue=8|pages= 842–57| doi=10.1001/jama.297.8.842|pmid= 17327526}}</ref> [[File:Nuts and seeds (996x563).PNG|thumb|right|300px|A graph detailing the nutritional properties of nuts and oily seeds.]] | 2016-10-05T14:28:00Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742558102 | A Muslim woman may not move in a mosque, or perform [[salat]], while she is menstruating or during postpartum period, because bodily fluids are considered ritually impure in Islam. Some Muslim scholars suggest that the woman should stay in her house, or near her house, during this state.<ref name=martinencylo /><ref>{{cite book | last1 = al Ṭūsī | first1 = Mohammad ibn Hasan ibn Ali Abu Ja'far (Sheikh al-Taifah, author) | last2 = Ezzati | first2 = Alireza (translator) | author-link1 = Shaykh Tusi | title = Al-nihayah: concise description of Islamic law and legal opinions | trans-title = Nihāyah fī mujarrad al-fiqh wa-al-fatāwá | publisher = ICAS Press | location = London | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-1-904063-29-2 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1= Hundt | first1= Gillian L. | last2= Beckerleg | first2= Susan | last3= Kassem | first3= Fatma | last4= Jafar | first4= Abdel M.A. | last5= Belmaker | first5= I. | last6= Saad. | first6= K. Abu | last7= Shoham-Vardi | first7= I. | title = Women's health custom made: building on the 40 days postpartum for Arab women | journal = [[Health Care for Women International]] | volume = 21 | issue = 6 | pages = 529–542 | publisher = [[Taylor and Francis]] | doi = 10.1080/07399330050130313 | pmid = 11235284 | date = September 2000 | url = http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07399330050130313 | ref = harv | postscript = .}}</ref> Some Islamic jurists claim that this is an incorrect interpretation of sharia, and suggest the Islamic intent was about hygiene, not about religious ritual cleanliness.<ref name=martinencylo /> | 2016-10-04T11:43:21Z | A Muslim woman may not move in a mosque, or perform [[salat]], while she is menstruating or during postpartum period, because bodily fluids are considered ritually impure in Islam.
{{quote| They ask thee concerning menses; say it is harm so stay away from women during menses and do not approach them until they have cleaned; then when they have cleaned go to them from which God has permitted you; indeed God loves those who repent and who clean themselves.}}
Some Muslim scholars suggest that the woman should stay in her house, or near her house, during this state.<ref name=martinencylo /><ref>{{cite book | last1 = al Ṭūsī | first1 = Mohammad ibn Hasan ibn Ali Abu Ja'far (Sheikh al-Taifah, author) | last2 = Ezzati | first2 = Alireza (translator) | author-link1 = Shaykh Tusi | title = Al-nihayah: concise description of Islamic law and legal opinions | trans-title = Nihāyah fī mujarrad al-fiqh wa-al-fatāwá | publisher = ICAS Press | location = London | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-1-904063-29-2 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1= Hundt | first1= Gillian L. | last2= Beckerleg | first2= Susan | last3= Kassem | first3= Fatma | last4= Jafar | first4= Abdel M.A. | last5= Belmaker | first5= I. | last6= Saad. | first6= K. Abu | last7= Shoham-Vardi | first7= I. | title = Women's health custom made: building on the 40 days postpartum for Arab women | journal = [[Health Care for Women International]] | volume = 21 | issue = 6 | pages = 529–542 | publisher = [[Taylor and Francis]] | doi = 10.1080/07399330050130313 | pmid = 11235284 | date = September 2000 | url = http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07399330050130313 | ref = harv | postscript = .}}</ref> Some Islamic jurists claim that this is an incorrect interpretation of sharia, and suggest the Islamic intent was about hygiene, not about religious ritual cleanliness.<ref name=martinencylo /> | 2016-10-04T11:53:40Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743620241 | ==Constitutional Commission of 1927==
==Limited Constitutional Convention of 1945==
==Limited Constitutional Convention of 1956==
==Constitutional Commission of 1969== | 2016-10-10T08:49:59Z | ==Twentieth century milestones==
Following the unlimited Convention of 1901-02, twentieth century constitutional activity turned to a mixture of Governor-appointed constitutional conventions in 1927 and 1968, and limited constitutional conventions called by the General Assembly for very specific purpose. After the century's earliest Convention disenfranchising voters that was proclaimed, each modification of the Virginia Constitution has been sent to the voters for referendum approval. Virginia's women suffrage movement was unsuccessful until the national ratification of the [[Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-first Amendment]], and the General Assembly did not ratify until 1952, but women could vote beginning in 1920.<ref>Heinemann 2007, p. 295-296</ref>
===Constitutional Commission of 1927===
===Limited Constitutional Convention of 1945===
===Limited Constitutional Convention of 1956===
===Constitutional Commission of 1969=== | 2016-10-10T12:26:27Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744000971 | There are three streets between 16th and 17th Streets in the Windsor Terrace street grid, since the streets diverge from each other from Park Slope eastward. The streets are Windsor Place, which runs between 7th Avenue and Prospect Park SW; Sherman Street, a short place between 10th Avenue and Terrace Place that is named after [[Roger Sherman]], a signatory of the [[Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress|Declaration of Colonial Rights]], the [[United States Declaration of Independence]], the [[Articles of Confederation]], and the [[United States Constitution]] (and the only person to sign all four); and Prospect Avenue, which continues southward to Fort Hamilton Parkway and northward to [[Third Avenue (Brooklyn)|Third Avenue]].<ref name=":18">{{Cite web|url=http://forgotten-ny.com/2009/02/windsor-terrace/|title=WINDSOR TERRACE — Forgotten New York|last=|first=|date=February 1, 2009|website=forgotten-ny.com|publisher=|access-date=2016-10-12}}</ref> The street name "Windsor Place" has actually been applied to two different streets throughout the neighborhood's history. The current Windsor Place was formerly Braxton Street before the 1900s, while 16th Street between Prospect Park W and Prospect Park SW was known as "Windsor Place" before then.<ref name=":19">{{Cite web|url=http://forgotten-ny.com/2016/10/windsor-place-park-slope-windsor-terrace/|title=WINDSOR PLACE, Park Slope & Windsor Terrace — Forgotten New York|website=forgotten-ny.com|access-date=2016-10-11}}</ref>
Windsor Terrace is home to mainly [[Irish-American|Irish]]-, [[German-American|German]]-, [[Polish-American|Polish]]-, and [[Italian-American]] families,<ref name=":14">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newsday.com/news/new-york/city-living-windsor-terrace-1.2426267|title=City Living: Windsor Terrace|last=Fishman|first=Levi Gibian|date=November 3, 2010|work=|newspaper=Newsday|access-date=2016-10-11|via=}}</ref> many having settled in its brick row and wood-frame houses when the neighborhood was first developed.<ref name=":13" />{{Rp|2}} The overwhelming majority of residents – many of whom can trace their family histories in Windsor Terrace back multiple generations – are Irish-American.<ref name=":13" />{{Rp|2}}<ref name=":1" /> They are traditionally affiliated with either Holy Name Church and School (built in 1874, located on present-day Prospect Park W),<ref name=":13" />{{Rp|2}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecatholicdirectory.com/directory.cfm?fuseaction=display_site_info&siteid=52963|title=Holy Name of Jesus Parish at 245 Prospect Park West, Brooklyn, New York 11215 (Kings County) (Filtered by: 11215) United States|last=|first=|date=|website=www.thecatholicdirectory.com|publisher=|access-date=2016-10-11}}</ref> or Immaculate Heart of Mary (located on Fort Hamilton Parkway in Windsor Terrace's southeastern extremity).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecatholicdirectory.com/directory.cfm?fuseaction=display_site_info&siteid=52970|title=Immaculate Heart of Mary Parish at 2805 Fort Hamiliton Parkway, Brooklyn, New York 11218 (Kings County) (Filtered by: 11218) United States|last=|first=|date=|website=www.thecatholicdirectory.com|publisher=|access-date=2016-10-11}}</ref> Other smaller Protestant denominations exist nearby, such as the Memorial Baptist Church at 16th Street and [[Eighth Avenue (Brooklyn)|8th Avenue]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nycago.org/Organs/Bkln/html/MemorialBapt.html|title=Memorial Baptist Church — Brooklyn, NY|website=www.nycago.org|access-date=2016-10-11}}</ref> and Holy Apostles Episcopal on Greenwood Avenue.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nycago.org/Organs/Bkln/html/HolyApostlesEpis.html|title=Church of the Holy Apostles, Episcopal — Brooklyn, NY|website=nycago.org|access-date=2016-10-11}}</ref> Over time, Windsor Terrace has become increasingly diverse, as [[Greeks|Greek]] and [[Hispanic]] residents have moved in. There is also a small minority of [[Syria]]ns, [[Maronite]] [[Lebanese people|Lebanese]], and [[Jewish-American]]s.<ref name=":10" /><ref name="Lefkowitz 2015" /><ref name=":14" /> The local synagogue is the Chabad Jewish Center.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chabadparkslope.com/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/883807/jewish/Chabad-Windsor-Terrace.htm|title=Chabad Windsor Terrace — Chabad of Park Slope|website=www.chabadparkslope.com|access-date=2016-10-11}}</ref> There is also a newer place of worship, the Calvary Cathedral of Praise at Caton Place and East Eighth Street.<ref name=":0" />
Windsor Terrace is served by the [[New York City Subway]]'s [[15th Street–Prospect Park (IND Culver Line)|15th Street–Prospect Park]] and [[Fort Hamilton Parkway (IND Culver Line)|Fort Hamilton Parkway]] stations on the [[IND Culver Line]] (now carrying the {{NYCS trains|Culver IND north}}).<ref>{{NYCS const|map}}</ref> The section of the line containing these two stations opened on October 7, 1933, as part of a "temporary" extension to [[Church Avenue (IND Culver Line)|Church Avenue]] in Kensington,<ref name="INDServicesChart">{{cite web|url=http://www.thejoekorner.com/lines/Indhistory.htm|title=Independent Subway Services Beginning in 1932|date=August 21, 2013|website=thejoekorner.com|accessdate=August 2, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Church">[[New York Times]], [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10B1EFB3E541A7A93C5A9178BD95F478385F9 City Subway Extended], October 7, 1933, page 16</ref> where it was to have connected with [[Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation]] (BMT) subway services via a ramp to [[Ditmas Avenue (IND Culver Line)|Ditmas Avenue]].<ref name="BklynEagle-Culver-Coney-Imminent-Jan1941">{{cite web|url=http://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/52625576/?terms=culver%2Bramp%2Bsubway|title=New One-Fare Link to Coney Imminent: Transportation Board to Seek Bids For Culver Ramp to Independent Line|date=January 2, 1941|website=[[Newspapers.com]]|publisher=[[Brooklyn Daily Eagle]]|pages=1, 5|last1=Schmalacker|first1=Joseph H.|accessdate=September 15, 2015}}</ref><ref name="MTA-BoroughPk-Kensington-2015">{{cite web|url=http://web.mta.info/maps/neighborhoods/bkn/B10-Boro%20Park_2015.pdf|title=MTA Neighborhood Maps: Borough Park|date=2015|website=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority|mta.info]]|publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]|accessdate=July 19, 2015}}</ref> The former station, 15th Street, has stone entrances set into the park walls.<ref name=":20">{{Cite web|url=http://forgotten-ny.com/2010/08/from-windsor-terrace-to-kensington/|title=From WINDSOR TERRACE to KENSINGTON — Forgotten New York|website=forgotten-ny.com|access-date=2016-10-12}}</ref> The latter station, Fort Hamilton Parkway, has many long passageways due to its unusual location under Prospect Expressway.<ref name=":18" />
The Prospect Expressway, built between 1953 and 1960, runs through the middle of the neighborhood, effectively separating it into two halves. Some neighborhood streets, such as Greenwood Avenue and Vanderbilt Street, were bisected by the expressway and remain so, while others, such as Seeley Street, 11th Avenue/Terrace Place, and Prospect Park W, are bridged over the highway.<ref name=":1" /> A plan to extend the highway along [[Ocean Parkway (Brooklyn)|Ocean Parkway]] was never realized, though Ocean Parkway serves as a [[Frontage road|service road]] for the expressway for a short distance in southern Windsor Terrace. In the late 1950s, the Holy Name of Jesus Church led a failed effort to try to reroute the Prospect Expressway elsewhere or cancel the expressway altogether.<ref name=":1" />
Due to Windsor Terrace's topography, there is a [[terminal moraine]] that ends in Windsor Terrace, creating a steep slope. As a result, at the location where the intersection of Seeley Street and Prospect Avenue would have been; Seeley Street crosses Prospect Avenue on a [[Arch bridge|concrete arch bridge]].<ref name=":18" /> The {{Convert|143.7
Bartel-Pritchard Square, in Windsor Terrace's northern extremity, is a [[traffic circle]] at the intersection of Prospect Park W, Eighth Avenue, 15th Street, and Prospect Park SW. Its name commemorates local residents, Emil Bartel and William Pritchard, who died during [[World War I]] while in combat.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":20" /> The circle, which was dedicated under its current name in 1922, originally had a flower garden in its center.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20160304/windsor-terrace/how-bartel-pritchard-square-got-its-name-despite-being-circle-shaped|title=How Bartel-Pritchard 'Square' Got Its Name Despite Being Circle-Shaped|last=Levy|first=Nicole|date=March 4, 2016|website=DNAinfo New York|publisher=|access-date=October 11, 2016}}</ref> A black granite monument in the center of the circle—installed in 1965 as a result of a donation by Patrick J. Devaney of Post #964, [[Veterans of Foreign Wars|VFW]] of the U.S.—memorializes Bartel and Pritchard.<ref name=":20" /><ref name=":21" /> One side has the inscription "In memory of the men / of this community who / have given their lives / In wartime service/ to their country / Erected by / Patrick J. Devaney Post #964 / V.F.W. of U.S. / 1965" while the other side has the inscription "For Valor / and / Sacrifice / 1965".<ref name=":21">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/bartel-pritchard-square/monuments/80|title=Bartel-Pritchard Square Monuments — Bartel-Pritchard Circle War Memorial : NYC Parks|website=www.nycgovparks.org|access-date=October 10, 2016}}</ref> Like similar structures such as [[Times Square]] and [[Herald Square]], the Bartel-Pritchard Square is geometrically not a square, despite its name.<ref name=":2" /> | 2016-10-12T06:50:50Z |
=== Boundaries ===
=== Streets ===
There are three streets between 16th and 17th Streets in the Windsor Terrace street grid, since the streets diverge from each other from Park Slope eastward. The northernmost of the streets is Windsor Place, which runs between 7th Avenue and Prospect Park SW. The southernmost of the streets is Prospect Avenue, which continues southward to Fort Hamilton Parkway and northward to [[Third Avenue (Brooklyn)|Third Avenue]]. Running between these two streets from 10th Avenue to Terrace Place, Sherman Place, named after [[Roger Sherman]], a signatory of the [[Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress|Declaration of Colonial Rights]], the [[United States Declaration of Independence]], the [[Articles of Confederation]], and the [[United States Constitution]] (and the only person to sign all four).<ref name=":18">{{Cite web|url=http://forgotten-ny.com/2009/02/windsor-terrace/|title=WINDSOR TERRACE — Forgotten New York|last=|first=|date=February 1, 2009|website=forgotten-ny.com|publisher=|access-date=2016-10-12}}</ref> The street name "Windsor Place" has actually been applied to two different streets throughout the neighborhood's history. The current Windsor Place was formerly Braxton Street before the 1900s, while 16th Street between Prospect Park W and Prospect Park SW was known as "Windsor Place" before then.<ref name=":19">{{Cite web|url=http://forgotten-ny.com/2016/10/windsor-place-park-slope-windsor-terrace/|title=WINDSOR PLACE, Park Slope & Windsor Terrace — Forgotten New York|website=forgotten-ny.com|access-date=2016-10-11}}</ref>
Even though Prospect Park W takes the place of 9th Avenue in the Windsor Terrace grid, it actually continues with the "Prospect Park W" name south of Prospect Park SW, which continues Prospect Park's boundary southeastward, and 16th Street. Prospect Park W continues to Green-Wood Cemetery, ending there.<ref name=":20" /> The stretch of Prospect Park W between 16th Street and Green-Wood Cemetery has always been called the same name as the stretch adjoining Prospect Park; the entire street was formerly named 9th Avenue.<ref name=":20" />
10th Avenue is actually co-named "John P. Devaney Boulevard" in this area<ref name=":20" /> after a firefighter who died while trying to rescue residents of a burning [[Red Hook, Brooklyn|Red Hook]] building in 1989.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1989/02/04/nyregion/firefighter-dies-as-he-searches-for-fire-victims.html|title=Firefighter Dies As He Searches For Fire Victims|last=Lyall|first=Sarah|date=1989-02-04|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2016-10-12}}</ref>
East of Prospect Park W, 16th Street is named Prospect Park SW (along the stretch that used to be called Windsor Place). At the convex bend between 11th Avenue and 17th Street, Prospect Park SW formerly continued as [[Coney Island Avenue]]. The southernmost stretch of Prospect Park SW, south of the bend, still has Coney Island Avenue's street numbers.<ref name=":20" />
[[Traffic circle|Traffic circles]] are relatively rare in New York City, but Windsor Terrace has three of them, all framing Prospect Park entrances along the park's border. The northernmost, a medium-sized traffic circle named [[Windsor Terrace, Brooklyn#Bartel-Pritchard Square|Bartel-Pritchard Square]], is at the intersection of Prospect Park W, Prospect Park SW, and 16th Street, and contains an ornate entrance framed with two columns.<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":20" /> Another traffic circle, a small circular asphalt pad that is largely delineated with paint and flex-barriers, is at Prospect Park SW and 17th Street.<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":20" /> The southernmost, a large traffic circle named Park Circle, is at the convergence of Prospect Park SW, Coney Island Avenue, Parkside Avenue, [[Ocean Parkway (Brooklyn)|Ocean Parkway]], and Fort Hamilton Parkway,<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":20" /> and was reconstructed in 2010.<ref name=":22">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/ssi10-parkcircle.pdf|title=Park Circle|last=|first=|date=2010|website=[[Government of New York City|nyc.gov]]|publisher=[[New York City Department of Transportation]]|access-date=October 12, 2016}}</ref> Park Circle's entrance to Prospect Park is designed in a style similar to the Bartel-Pritchard Square entrance.<ref name=":22" />
Windsor Terrace is home to mainly [[Irish-American|Irish]]-, [[German-American|German]]-, [[Polish-American|Polish]]-, and [[Italian-American]] families,<ref name=":14">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newsday.com/news/new-york/city-living-windsor-terrace-1.2426267|title=City Living: Windsor Terrace|last=Fishman|first=Levi Gibian|date=November 3, 2010|work=|newspaper=Newsday|access-date=2016-10-11|via=}}</ref> many having settled in its brick row and wood-frame houses when the neighborhood was first developed.<ref name=":13" />{{Rp|2}} The overwhelming majority of residents – many of whom can trace their family histories in Windsor Terrace back multiple generations – are Irish-American.<ref name=":13" />{{Rp|2}}<ref name=":1" /> They are traditionally affiliated with either Holy Name Church and School (the church having been built in 1874 and the school having been built in 1923,<ref name=":20" /> both located on present-day Prospect Park W),<ref name=":13" />{{Rp|2}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecatholicdirectory.com/directory.cfm?fuseaction=display_site_info&siteid=52963|title=Holy Name of Jesus Parish at 245 Prospect Park West, Brooklyn, New York 11215 (Kings County) (Filtered by: 11215) United States|last=|first=|date=|website=www.thecatholicdirectory.com|publisher=|access-date=2016-10-11}}</ref> or Immaculate Heart of Mary (located on Fort Hamilton Parkway in Windsor Terrace's southeastern extremity).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecatholicdirectory.com/directory.cfm?fuseaction=display_site_info&siteid=52970|title=Immaculate Heart of Mary Parish at 2805 Fort Hamiliton Parkway, Brooklyn, New York 11218 (Kings County) (Filtered by: 11218) United States|last=|first=|date=|website=www.thecatholicdirectory.com|publisher=|access-date=2016-10-11}}</ref> Other smaller Protestant denominations exist nearby, such as the Memorial Baptist Church at 16th Street and [[Eighth Avenue (Brooklyn)|8th Avenue]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nycago.org/Organs/Bkln/html/MemorialBapt.html|title=Memorial Baptist Church — Brooklyn, NY|website=www.nycago.org|access-date=2016-10-11}}</ref> and Holy Apostles Episcopal on Greenwood Avenue.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nycago.org/Organs/Bkln/html/HolyApostlesEpis.html|title=Church of the Holy Apostles, Episcopal — Brooklyn, NY|website=nycago.org|access-date=2016-10-11}}</ref> Over time, Windsor Terrace has become increasingly diverse, as [[Greeks|Greek]] and [[Hispanic]] residents have moved in. There is also a small minority of [[Syria]]ns, [[Maronite]] [[Lebanese people|Lebanese]], and [[Jewish-American]]s.<ref name=":10" /><ref name="Lefkowitz 2015" /><ref name=":14" /> The local synagogue is the Chabad Jewish Center.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chabadparkslope.com/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/883807/jewish/Chabad-Windsor-Terrace.htm|title=Chabad Windsor Terrace — Chabad of Park Slope|website=www.chabadparkslope.com|access-date=2016-10-11}}</ref> There is also a newer place of worship, the Calvary Cathedral of Praise at Caton Place and East Eighth Street.<ref name=":0" />
Windsor Terrace is served by the [[New York City Subway]]'s [[15th Street–Prospect Park (IND Culver Line)|15th Street–Prospect Park]] and [[Fort Hamilton Parkway (IND Culver Line)|Fort Hamilton Parkway]] stations on the [[IND Culver Line]] (now carrying the {{NYCS trains|Culver IND north}}).<ref>{{NYCS const|map}}</ref> The section of the line containing these two stations opened on October 7, 1933, as part of a "temporary" extension to [[Church Avenue (IND Culver Line)|Church Avenue]] in Kensington,<ref name="INDServicesChart">{{cite web|url=http://www.thejoekorner.com/lines/Indhistory.htm|title=Independent Subway Services Beginning in 1932|date=August 21, 2013|website=thejoekorner.com|accessdate=August 2, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Church">[[New York Times]], [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10B1EFB3E541A7A93C5A9178BD95F478385F9 City Subway Extended], October 7, 1933, page 16</ref> where it was to have connected with [[Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation]] (BMT) subway services via a ramp to [[Ditmas Avenue (IND Culver Line)|Ditmas Avenue]].<ref name="BklynEagle-Culver-Coney-Imminent-Jan1941">{{cite web|url=http://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/52625576/?terms=culver%2Bramp%2Bsubway|title=New One-Fare Link to Coney Imminent: Transportation Board to Seek Bids For Culver Ramp to Independent Line|date=January 2, 1941|website=[[Newspapers.com]]|publisher=[[Brooklyn Daily Eagle]]|pages=1, 5|last1=Schmalacker|first1=Joseph H.|accessdate=September 15, 2015}}</ref><ref name="MTA-BoroughPk-Kensington-2015">{{cite web|url=http://web.mta.info/maps/neighborhoods/bkn/B10-Boro%20Park_2015.pdf|title=MTA Neighborhood Maps: Borough Park|date=2015|website=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority|mta.info]]|publisher=[[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]]|accessdate=July 19, 2015}}</ref> The former station, 15th Street, has stone entrances set into the park walls.<ref name=":20">{{Cite web|url=http://forgotten-ny.com/2010/08/from-windsor-terrace-to-kensington/|title=From WINDSOR TERRACE to KENSINGTON — Forgotten New York|website=forgotten-ny.com|access-date=2016-10-12}}</ref> The latter station, Fort Hamilton Parkway, has many long passageways due to its unusual location under the [[Prospect Expressway]].<ref name=":18" />
The Prospect Expressway, built between 1953 and 1960, runs through the middle of the neighborhood, effectively separating it into two halves. Some neighborhood streets, such as Greenwood Avenue and Vanderbilt Street, were bisected by the expressway and remain so, while others, such as Seeley Street, 11th Avenue/Terrace Place, and Prospect Park W, are bridged over the highway.<ref name=":1" /> A plan to extend the highway along Ocean Parkway was never realized, though Ocean Parkway serves as a [[Frontage road|service road]] for the expressway for a short distance in southern Windsor Terrace. In the late 1950s, the Holy Name of Jesus Church led a failed effort to try to reroute the Prospect Expressway elsewhere or cancel the expressway altogether.<ref name=":1" />
Due to Windsor Terrace's topography, there is a [[terminal moraine]] that ends in Windsor Terrace, creating a steep slope. As a result, at the location where the intersection of Seeley Street and Prospect Avenue would have been; Seeley Street uses a [[Arch bridge|concrete arch bridge]] that spans {{Height|ft=8|in=7}} above Prospect Avenue.<ref name=":18" /> The {{Convert|143.7
{{Anchor|Bartel-Pritchard Square}}Bartel-Pritchard Square, in Windsor Terrace's northern extremity, is a traffic circle at the intersection of Prospect Park W, Eighth Avenue, 15th Street, and Prospect Park SW. Its name commemorates local residents, Emil Bartel and William Pritchard, who died during [[World War I]] while in combat.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":20" /> The circle, which was dedicated under its current name in 1922,<ref name="Berenson DeMause 2001 p. 48">{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xDkdA2Yi7swC&pg=PA48|title=The Complete Illustrated Guidebook to Prospect Park and the Brooklyn Botanic Garden|last=Berenson|first=R.J.|last2=DeMause|first2=N.|publisher=Silver Lining Books|year=2001|isbn=978-0-7607-2213-8|page=48|accessdate=2016-10-12}}</ref> originally had a flower garden in its center.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20160304/windsor-terrace/how-bartel-pritchard-square-got-its-name-despite-being-circle-shaped|title=How Bartel-Pritchard 'Square' Got Its Name Despite Being Circle-Shaped|last=Levy|first=Nicole|date=March 4, 2016|website=DNAinfo New York|publisher=|access-date=October 11, 2016}}</ref> A black granite monument in the center of the circle—installed in 1965 as a result of a donation by Patrick J. Devaney of Post #964, [[Veterans of Foreign Wars|VFW]] of the U.S.—memorializes Bartel and Pritchard.<ref name=":20" /><ref name=":21" /> One side has the inscription "In memory of the men / of this community who / have given their lives / In wartime service/ to their country / Erected by / Patrick J. Devaney Post #964 / V.F.W. of U.S. / 1965" while the other side has the inscription "For Valor / and / Sacrifice / 1965".<ref name=":21">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/bartel-pritchard-square/monuments/80|title=Bartel-Pritchard Square Monuments — Bartel-Pritchard Circle War Memorial : NYC Parks|website=www.nycgovparks.org|access-date=October 10, 2016}}</ref> Like similar structures such as [[Times Square]] and [[Herald Square]], the Bartel-Pritchard Square is geometrically not a square, despite its name.<ref name=":2" /> The park entrance adjoining Bartel–Pritchard Square is shaped as a gateway between two [[Stanford White]]-designed granite pillars with "what appears to be huge bronze lanterns" adorning the pillars' apexes. The pillars, which are based on [[Dancers of Delphi|an acanthus column in Delphi with sculptures on top]], were unveiled in 1906, shortly after White had died.<ref name="Berenson DeMause 2001 p. 48" /> | 2016-10-12T14:13:57Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741855750 | In 1945 [[Marcel Bich]] bought the patent from Bíró for the pen, which soon became the main product of his [[Société Bic|Bic]] company, which has sold more than 100 billion ballpoint pens worldwide. In November of that same year, promoter [[Milton Reynolds]] introduced a gravity-fed pen to the U.S. market. The Reynolds Pen was a sensation for a few years, until its reputation for leaking and competition from established pen manufacturers overtook it. Bíró's patent was based on [[capillary action]], which caused ink to be drawn out of the pen as it was deposited on the paper. Because the Reynolds workaround depended on gravity, which cannot be patented, it did not infringe but required thinner ink and a larger barrel.<ref>Rosenberg, Robert Leonard, "The Ventures and Adventures of an Errant Entrepreneur". Milton (Ball-Point) Reynolds (1892–1976), University of Washington Ph.D. thesis (1971), Milton Reynolds papers http://www.lib.washington.edu/specialcoll/findaids/docs/papersrecords/ReynoldsMilton1240.xml.</ref> | 2016-09-30T02:07:40Z | In 1945 [[Marcel Bich]] bought the patent from Bíró for the pen, which soon became the main product of his [[Société Bic|Bic]] company, which has sold more than 100 billion ballpoint pens worldwide. In November of that same year, promoter [[Milton Reynolds]] introduced a gravity-fed pen to the U.S. market. The Reynolds Pen was a sensation for a few years, until its reputation for leaking and competition from established pen manufacturers overtook it. Bíró's patent was based on [[capillary action]], which caused ink to be drawn out of the pen as it was deposited on the paper. Because the Reynolds workaround depended on gravity, it did not infringe but required thinner ink and a larger barrel.<ref>Rosenberg, Robert Leonard, "The Ventures and Adventures of an Errant Entrepreneur". Milton (Ball-Point) Reynolds (1892–1976), University of Washington Ph.D. thesis (1971), Milton Reynolds papers http://www.lib.washington.edu/specialcoll/findaids/docs/papersrecords/ReynoldsMilton1240.xml.</ref> | 2016-09-30T02:29:33Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742651877 | |Champion=Yankee Conference Champions | 2016-08-21T14:35:29Z | |Champion=Yankee Conference champion | 2016-10-04T23:44:56Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743879965 | In the current world, no nation can maintain its own peace and security alone.<ref name="Japan's Security Policy"/> Japan, including its Self Defense Forces, has contributed to the maximum extent possible to the efforts to maintain and restore international peace and security, such as [[UN peacekeeping]] operations. Building on the ongoing efforts as a peaceful state, the [[Government of Japan]] has been making various efforts on its security policy which include: the establishment of the [[National Security Council (Japan)|National Security Council]] (NSC), the adoption of the National Security Strategy (NSS), and the National Defense Program Guidelines (NDPG).<ref name="Japan's Security Policy"/> | 2016-10-08T15:07:10Z | Japan, including its Self Defense Forces, has contributed to the maximum extent possible to the efforts to maintain and restore international peace and security, such as [[UN peacekeeping]] operations. Building on the ongoing efforts as a peaceful state, the [[Government of Japan]] has been making various efforts on its security policy which include: the establishment of the [[National Security Council (Japan)|National Security Council]] (NSC), the adoption of the National Security Strategy (NSS), and the National Defense Program Guidelines (NDPG).<ref name="Japan's Security Policy"/> | 2016-10-11T20:07:39Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743815466 | '''Apple Watch''' is a line of [[smartwatch]]es developed by [[Apple Inc.]] It incorporates [[Activity tracker|fitness tracking]] and health-oriented capabilities with integration with [[iOS]] and other Apple products and services. The device is available in four variants: Apple Watch Sport, Apple Watch, Apple Watch [[Hermès]], and Apple Watch Edition. The Watch is distinguished by different combinations of cases and first or third party interchangeable bands. Apple Watch relies on a wirelessly connected [[iPhone]] to perform many of its default functions such as calling and texting. It is compatible with the [[iPhone 5]] or later models running [[iOS 8|iOS 8.2]] or later, through the use of [[Bluetooth]]. Announced by Apple CEO [[Tim Cook]] in September 2014, the device was released in April 2015.<ref name=theverge>{{cite web|url=http://live.theverge.com/apple-iphone-iwatch-live-blog|title=The Verge live blog|work=[[The Verge]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]|date=September 9, 2014|accessdate=September 10, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Etherington|first1=Darrell|title=Tim Cook Says Apple Watch Ships In April|url=http://techcrunch.com/2015/01/27/tim-cook-says-apple-watch-should-ship-in-april/|website=[[TechCrunch]]|publisher=[[AOL]]|accessdate=January 28, 2015}}</ref> The Apple Watch quickly became the best-selling wearable device with the shipment of 4.2 million smartwatches in the second quarter of the 2015 fiscal year.<ref>{{cite web|title = Apple Watch is 'world's best selling wearable' with 4.2 million shifted in Q2|url = http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2418517/apple-watch-is-worlds-best-selling-wearable-with-42-million-shifted-in-q2}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Apple Watch Price Details in India|url = http://www.tsaproundup.com/apple-smart-watch-launching-date-price-details-in-india/}}</ref> The [[Apple Watch Series 2]] was released in September 2016.<ref>{{cite web |title=Apple announces Apple Watch Series 2 on September 7, 2016 |last=Mangalindan |first=JP |date=September 8, 2016|website=[[Yahoo Tech]] |access-date=September 8, 2016}}</ref>
Due to inadequate materials, the Apple Watch was delayed in shipping from their pre-order release date of April 10, 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Apple Watch delays delays may be due to faulty part-CNET|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/apple-watch-delays-may-be-due-to-faulty-taptic-engine/|author=Shara Tibkens|website=CNET|accessdate=August 19, 2015}}</ref>
As a result, only 22 percent of the pre-ordered Apple Watches were shipped out in the US during the weekend after the release date.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Apple Watch may have shipped to only 22 percent of preorder buyers so far-CNET|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/apple-watch-may-have-shipped-to-only-22-percent-of-us-preorder-buyers/|author=Lance Whitney|website=CNET|accessdate = August 19, 2015}}</ref> It is estimated Apple received almost one million Apple Watch pre-orders in the US during the initial six hours of the pre-order period on April 10, 2015, after which it sold out and further orders would start shipping in June.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://qz.com/381791/apple-watch-pre-orders-were-1-million-in-the-us-on-its-first-day-a-shopping-data-firm-estimates/|title=Apple Watch pre-orders were 1 million in the US on its first day, a shopping data firm estimates|author=Dan Frommer|work=Quartz|accessdate=April 13, 2015}}</ref> A report later on by an analyst stated that Apple Watch is already a $10 billion business during its first year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aboveavalon.com/notes/2016/6/29/apple-watch-is-already-a-10-billion-business|title=Apple Watch Is Already a $10 Billion Business|access-date=July 2, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecrydsdaily.com/2016/07/apple-watch-is-colossal-10-billion.html|title=Apple Watch Is A Colossal $10 Billion Business After Just 1 Year In The Market|website=The Cryd's Daily|access-date=July 2, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2016/07/01/apple-watch-business/|title=Here's How Much the Apple Watch Business Is Worth|date=July 1, 2016|website=Fortune|access-date=July 2, 2016}}</ref> | 2016-10-11T02:11:54Z | '''Apple Watch''' is a line of [[smartwatch]]es developed by [[Apple Inc.]] It incorporates [[Activity tracker|fitness tracking]] and health-oriented capabilities with integration with [[iOS]] and other Apple products and services. The device is available in four variants: Apple Watch Sport, Apple Watch, Apple Watch [[Hermès]], and Apple Watch Edition. The Watch is distinguished by different combinations of cases and first or third party interchangeable bands. Apple Watch relies on a wirelessly connected [[iPhone]] to perform many of its default functions such as calling and texting. It is compatible with the [[iPhone 5]] or later models running [[iOS 8|iOS 8.2]] or later, through the use of [[Bluetooth]]. Announced by Apple CEO [[Tim Cook]] in September 2014, the device was released in April 2015.<ref name=theverge>{{cite web|url=http://live.theverge.com/apple-iphone-iwatch-live-blog|title=The Verge live blog|work=[[The Verge]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]|date=September 9, 2014|accessdate=September 10, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Etherington|first1=Darrell|title=Tim Cook Says Apple Watch Ships In April|url=http://techcrunch.com/2015/01/27/tim-cook-says-apple-watch-should-ship-in-april/|website=[[TechCrunch]]|publisher=[[AOL]]|accessdate=January 28, 2015}}</ref> The Apple Watch quickly became the best-selling wearable device with the supply of 4.2 million smartwatches in the second quarter of the 2015 fiscal year.<ref>{{cite web|title = Apple Watch is 'world's best selling wearable' with 4.2 million shifted in Q2|url = http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2418517/apple-watch-is-worlds-best-selling-wearable-with-42-million-shifted-in-q2}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Apple Watch Price Details in India|url = http://www.tsaproundup.com/apple-smart-watch-launching-date-price-details-in-india/}}</ref> The [[Apple Watch Series 2]] was released in September 2016.<ref>{{cite web |title=Apple announces Apple Watch Series 2 on September 7, 2016 |last=Mangalindan |first=JP |date=September 8, 2016|website=[[Yahoo Tech]] |access-date=September 8, 2016}}</ref>
Due to inadequate materials, the Apple Watch's delivery was delayed from its pre-order release date of April 10, 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Apple Watch delays delays may be due to faulty part-CNET|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/apple-watch-delays-may-be-due-to-faulty-taptic-engine/|author=Shara Tibkens|website=CNET|accessdate=August 19, 2015}}</ref>
As a result, only 22 percent of the pre-ordered Apple Watches were despatched in the US during the weekend after the release date.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Apple Watch may have shipped to only 22 percent of preorder buyers so far-CNET|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/apple-watch-may-have-shipped-to-only-22-percent-of-us-preorder-buyers/|author=Lance Whitney|website=CNET|accessdate = August 19, 2015}}</ref> It is estimated Apple received almost one million Apple Watch pre-orders in the US during the initial six hours of the pre-order period on April 10, 2015, after which it sold out and further orders would start delivery in June.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://qz.com/381791/apple-watch-pre-orders-were-1-million-in-the-us-on-its-first-day-a-shopping-data-firm-estimates/|title=Apple Watch pre-orders were 1 million in the US on its first day, a shopping data firm estimates|author=Dan Frommer|work=Quartz|accessdate=April 13, 2015}}</ref> A report later on by an analyst stated that Apple Watch is already a $10 billion business during its first year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aboveavalon.com/notes/2016/6/29/apple-watch-is-already-a-10-billion-business|title=Apple Watch Is Already a $10 Billion Business|access-date=July 2, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecrydsdaily.com/2016/07/apple-watch-is-colossal-10-billion.html|title=Apple Watch Is A Colossal $10 Billion Business After Just 1 Year In The Market|website=The Cryd's Daily|access-date=July 2, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fortune.com/2016/07/01/apple-watch-business/|title=Here's How Much the Apple Watch Business Is Worth|date=July 1, 2016|website=Fortune|access-date=July 2, 2016}}</ref> | 2016-10-11T12:16:57Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743276077 | In 2012, Kobo founded [[Pheed]], a mobile pay-per-view technology. Pheed was acquired 18 months after launch in March 2014, by Mobli Media Group, a company majority owned by [[Carlos Slim]], for $40 million.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ilya Pozin |url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/ilyapozin/2014/09/18/launch-to-exit-in-18-months-pheed-acquired-for-40m/#7158df792a4a |title=Launch To Exit In 18 Months: Pheed Acquired For $40M |publisher=Forbes.com |date=2014-09-18 |accessdate=2016-10-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Ilya Pozin |url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/ilyapozin/2012/10/18/is-pheed-the-new-twitter/#6c8ebeb16196 |title=Is Pheed the New Twitter? |publisher=Forbes.com |date= |accessdate=2016-10-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/craig-kanalley/pheed-app-iphone-facebook-twitter_b_2760027.html |title=Pheed Leaps Facebook, Twitter As Top Social App for iPhone |publisher=Huffington Post |date= |accessdate=2016-10-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Baltin |first=Steve |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/pheed-app-bringing-pay-per-view-to-phones-20130605 |title=Pheed App Bringing Pay-Per-View to Phones |publisher=Rolling Stone |date=2013-06-05 |accessdate=2016-10-08}}</ref> | 2016-10-08T22:56:46Z | In 2012, Kobo founded [[Pheed]], a mobile pay-per-view technology. Pheed was acquired 18 months after launch in March 2014, by Mobli Media Group, a company majority owned by [[Carlos Slim]], for $40 million.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ilya Pozin |url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/ilyapozin/2014/09/18/launch-to-exit-in-18-months-pheed-acquired-for-40m/#7158df792a4a |title=Launch To Exit In 18 Months: Pheed Acquired For $40M |publisher=Forbes.com |date=2014-09-18 |accessdate=2016-10-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Ilya Pozin |url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/ilyapozin/2012/10/18/is-pheed-the-new-twitter/#6c8ebeb16196 |title=Is Pheed the New Twitter? |publisher=Forbes.com |date= |accessdate=2016-10-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/craig-kanalley/pheed-app-iphone-facebook-twitter_b_2760027.html |title=Pheed Leaps Facebook, Twitter As Top Social App for iPhone |publisher=Huffington Post |date= |accessdate=2016-10-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Baltin |first=Steve |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/pheed-app-bringing-pay-per-view-to-phones-20130605 |title=Pheed App Bringing Pay-Per-View to Phones |publisher=Rolling Stone |date=2013-06-05 |accessdate=2016-10-08}}</ref> - http://www.calcalist.co.il/internet/articles/0,7340,L-3699248,00.html | 2016-10-08T22:57:33Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743317232 | Early authors such as Desmond Young and [[Basil Liddel-Hart]] mention "the Rommel legend" in their respective books.{{sfn|Young|1950|p=26}}{{sfn|Rommel|Liddel-Hart|1953|p=xv}} ''Mythos Rommel'' (which has been translated into English as the "Rommel Myth"), as used by German authors, is a neutral description, as can be seen in works by authors such as Peter Lieb, who contributed to the recent, critical book ''Rommel Reconsidered''.{{sfn|Beckett|2014|pp=1–2}} The term also recognises that "Rommel is and remains a ''Mythos'' ... He could not be stuck in a single drawer. At any rate, one should decide for oneself whether one sees him as a role model or not."<ref name="Rommel ist und bleibt ein Mythos">{{cite web |last1=Lasserre |first1=Caroline |title=Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung |url=http://www.kas.de/niedersachsen/de/publications/38303/ |accessdate=2016-08-03}}</ref> Claudia Hecht, the author of the 2008 exhibition named ''Mythos Rommel'' and a book of the same name, explains that despite extensive research, it is hard to see who Rommel really was under all the layers of the myth.<ref name=Welt180808>{{cite news |last=Sonnberger |first=Heike |date=18 August 2008 |title=Ausstellung entzaubert "Wüstenfuchs" Rommel |newspaper=Die Welt |url=http://www.welt.de/politik/article2320651/Ausstellung-entzaubert-Wuestenfuchs-Rommel.html |accessdate=15 June 2016}}</ref> She comments that she would not describe Rommel as a resistance fighter, although he did support the assassination attempt.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brunner |first1=Tobias |title=70. Todestag von Erwin Rommel: Nazi-General oder Widerstandskämpfer? (Interview of Cornelia Hecht) |date=14 October 2014 |publisher=WEB.DE |url=http://web.de/magazine/politik/70-todestag-erwin-rommel-nazi-general-widerstandskaempfer-30139788 |accessdate=14 September 2016}}</ref> Other German authors who use the word "Mythos" in this neutral manner include {{illm|Maurice Philip Remy|de|Maurice Remy}}, {{illm|Wolfram Pyta|de|Wolfram Pyta}},{{sfn|Pyta|2015|p=502}} {{illm|Jörg Echternkamp|de|Jörg Echternkamp}},{{sfn|Echternkamp|2010|p=114}} [[Guido Knopp]],{{sfn|Knopp|2013|}} and Sandra Mass.{{sfn|Mass|2006|p=254}} | 2016-10-09T02:45:57Z | Early authors such as Desmond Young and [[Basil Liddel-Hart]] mention "the Rommel legend" in their respective books. Liddel-Hart described British efforts to make counter-propaganda against Rommel's reputation: "Thus the British commanders and headquarter staffs were compelled to make strenuous efforts to dispel "the Rommel legend".{{sfn|Young|1950|p=26}}{{sfn|Rommel|Liddel-Hart|1953|p=xv}}
''Mythos Rommel'' (which has been translated into English as the "Rommel Myth"), as used by German authors, is a neutral description, as can be seen in works by authors such as Peter Lieb, who contributed to the recent, critical book ''Rommel Reconsidered''.{{sfn|Beckett|2014|pp=1–2}} The term also recognises that "Rommel is and remains a ''Mythos'' ... He could not be stuck in a single drawer. At any rate, one should decide for oneself whether one sees him as a role model or not."<ref name="Rommel ist und bleibt ein Mythos">{{cite web |last1=Lasserre |first1=Caroline |title=Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung |url=http://www.kas.de/niedersachsen/de/publications/38303/ |accessdate=2016-08-03}}</ref> Claudia Hecht, the author of the 2008 exhibition named ''Mythos Rommel'' and a book of the same name, explains that despite extensive research, it is hard to see who Rommel really was under all the layers of the myth.<ref name=Welt180808>{{cite news |last=Sonnberger |first=Heike |date=18 August 2008 |title=Ausstellung entzaubert "Wüstenfuchs" Rommel |newspaper=Die Welt |url=http://www.welt.de/politik/article2320651/Ausstellung-entzaubert-Wuestenfuchs-Rommel.html |accessdate=15 June 2016}}</ref> She comments that she would not describe Rommel as a resistance fighter, although he did support the assassination attempt.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brunner |first1=Tobias |title=70. Todestag von Erwin Rommel: Nazi-General oder Widerstandskämpfer? (Interview of Cornelia Hecht) |date=14 October 2014 |publisher=WEB.DE |url=http://web.de/magazine/politik/70-todestag-erwin-rommel-nazi-general-widerstandskaempfer-30139788 |accessdate=14 September 2016}}</ref> Other German authors who use the word "Mythos" in this neutral manner include {{illm|Maurice Philip Remy|de|Maurice Remy}}, {{illm|Wolfram Pyta|de|Wolfram Pyta}},{{sfn|Pyta|2015|p=502}} {{illm|Jörg Echternkamp|de|Jörg Echternkamp}},{{sfn|Echternkamp|2010|p=114}} [[Guido Knopp]],{{sfn|Knopp|2013|}} and Sandra Mass.{{sfn|Mass|2006|p=254}} | 2016-10-09T02:49:35Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741695787 | Coleman signed with the [[Washington Redskins]] as an unrestricted free agent June 3, 1998 and started all 16 regular-season games at right end in his first season as a Redskin. He played with the Redskins from 1998-2001. | 2016-07-12T22:07:17Z | Coleman signed with the [[Washington Redskins]] as an unrestricted free agent June 3, 1999 and started all 16 regular-season games at right end in his first season as a Redskin. He played with the Redskins from 1999-2001. | 2016-09-29T03:16:59Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745854339 | | occupation = Actress
he appeared in the second season of ''[[The Tudors]]'', portraying King [[Henry VIII]]'s third [[queen consort]], [[Jane Seymour (The Tudors)|Jane Seymour]]; she was replaced in the third after the show was unable to work out conflicting dates with New Line Cinema over her previous commitment to the Premiere and press for [[Journey to the Center of the Earth]]. She appeared in ''[[Journey to the Center of the Earth (2008 Hollywood film)|Journey to the Center of the Earth]]'' as the female action hero lead, ''[[Dylan Dog: Dead of Night]]'' (2011) and ''[[Elevator (2011 film)|Elevator]]'' (2011).
|''Completed''
|Episode: ''[[The Christmas Invasion]]'' | 2016-10-23T15:41:43Z | | occupation = Actress
She appeared in the second season of ''[[The Tudors]]'', portraying King [[Henry VIII]]'s third [[queen consort]], [[Jane Seymour (The Tudors)|Jane Seymour]]; she was replaced in the third season after the show was unable to work out conflicting dates with New Line Cinema over her previous commitment to the Premiere and press for ''[[Journey to the Center of the Earth (2008 Hollywood film)|Journey to the Center of the Earth]]''. She appeared in ''Journey to the Center of the Earth'' as the female action hero lead, ''[[Dylan Dog: Dead of Night]]'' (2011) and ''[[Elevator (2011 film)|Elevator]]'' (2011).
|Completed
|Episode: "[[The Christmas Invasion]]" | 2016-10-23T19:10:23Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745536421 | Using a [[mail submission agent]] (MSA), generally on port 587, implies SMTP AUTH. MSA usage is supported by most software<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ietf.org/iesg/implementation/report-rfc2476.txt |title=Message Submission Interoperability Report |author=Randall Gellens |date=January 19, 2005 |publisher=[[IETF]] |accessdate=2010-05-30}}</ref> and is recommended, especially to support nomadic users, as several network hubs either block port 25 or use [[SMTP proxy|SMTP proxies]]. The MSA is responsible for ensuring that the message envelope contains good addresses, and may enforce local policies for the ''<code>From</code>'' header field. Verifying that the envelope sender (a.k.a. ''<code>Return-Path</code>'') used for [[Sender Policy Framework|SPF]] and the ''From'' address agree with the authenticated ''user-id'' is particularly important for domains that sign messages using [[DomainKeys Identified Mail|DKIM]]. | 2016-09-13T08:30:23Z | Using a [[mail submission agent]] (MSA), generally on port 587, implies SMTP AUTH. MSA usage is supported by most software<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ietf.org/iesg/implementation/report-rfc2476.txt |title=Message Submission Interoperability Report |author=Randall Gellens |date=January 19, 2005 |publisher=[[IETF]] |accessdate=2010-05-30}}</ref> and is recommended, especially to support nomadic users, as several network hubs either block port 25 or use [[SMTP proxy|SMTP proxies]]. The MSA is responsible for ensuring that the message envelope contains good addresses, and may enforce local policies for the ''<code>From</code>'' header field. Verifying that the [[envelope sender]] (a.k.a. ''<code>Return-Path</code>'') used for [[Sender Policy Framework|SPF]] and the ''From'' address agree with the authenticated ''user-id'' is particularly important for domains that sign messages using [[DomainKeys Identified Mail|DKIM]]. | 2016-10-21T18:17:17Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742227326 | APRS data is typically broadcast on a single shared frequency (depending on country) to be repeated locally by area relay stations and digipeaters for widespread local consumption. In addition, all such data is typically ingested into the APRS Internet System (APRS-IS) via an internet connected receiver ([[igate]]) and distributed globally for ubiquitous and immediate access. Shared information contains global coordinates, altitude, speed, heading, text messages, alerts, announcements, and bulletins. The most visible aspect of APRS is its capability of map display. Anyone may place any object or information on the map, and it is distributed to all maps of all users in the local RF network or to anyone monitoring the area via the Internet. Any station, radio, or object broadcasting [[GPS]] coordinates to the APRS system can be automatically tracked over time. Other prominent map features are weather stations, alerts and objects and other map-related amateur radio volunteer activities including [[Search and Rescue]] and signal direction finding. | 2016-10-02T12:34:30Z | APRS data is typically broadcast on a single shared frequency (depending on country) to be repeated locally by area relay stations and digipeaters for widespread local consumption. In addition, all such data is typically ingested into the APRS Internet System (APRS-IS) via an internet connected receiver ([[igate]]) and distributed globally for ubiquitous and immediate access. Shared information may contain [[Global Positioning System|GPS]] coordinates, altitude, speed, heading, text and other [[telemetry]]. The most visible aspect of APRS is its capability of map display. Anyone may place any object or information on the map, and it is distributed to all maps of all users in the local RF network or to anyone monitoring the area via the Internet. Any station, radio, or object broadcasting [[GPS]] coordinates to the APRS system can be automatically tracked over time. Other prominent map features are weather stations, alerts and objects and other map-related amateur radio volunteer activities including [[Search and Rescue]] and signal direction finding. | 2016-10-02T12:44:13Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742224389 | In the mid 19th to 20th centuries, the Chinese that migrated were almost entirely of Cantonese origin. Hundreds of thousands of Chinese men in the U.S, mostly of Cantonese origin from Taishan migrated to the United States. [[Anti-miscegenation laws]] in many states prohibited Chinese men from marrying white women.<ref>[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=283998 Chin, Gabriel and Hrishi Karthikeyan, (2002) Asian Law Journal vol. 9 "Preserving Racial Identity: Population Patterns and the Application of Anti-Miscegenation Statutes to Asian Americans, 1910–1950"]. Papers.ssrn.com. Retrieved 29 January 2012.</ref> After the [[Emancipation Proclamation]], many intermarriages in some states were not recorded and historically, Chinese American men married African American women in high proportions to their total marriage numbers due to few Chinese American women being in the United States. After the Emancipation Proclamation, many Chinese Americans immigrated to the Southern states, particularly Arkansas, to work on plantations. For example, in 1880, the tenth [[US Census]] of [[Louisiana]] alone counted 57% of interracial marriages between these Chinese to be with black and 43% to be with white women.<ref name="The United States">{{cite web|url=http://www.colorq.org/MeltingPot/article.aspx?d=America&x=ChineseBlacks|title=The United States|work=Chinese blacks in the Americas|publisher=Color Q World|accessdate=15 July 2008}}</ref> Between 20 and 30 percent of the Chinese who lived in Mississippi married black women before 1940.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Susan Dente Ross|author2=Paul Martin Lester|title=Images That Injure: Pictorial Stereotypes in the Media|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=cpIHIKUS-e0C&pg=PA144|accessdate=2 March 2012|date=19 April 2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-37892-8|pages=144–}}</ref> In a genetic study of 199 samples from African American males found one belong to haplogroup O2a ( or 0.5% )<ref>Evaluation of Group Genetic Ancestry of Populations from Philadelphia and Dakar in the Context of Sex-Biased Admixture in the Americas Stefflova K, Dulik MC, Pai AA, Walker AH, Zeigler-Johnson CM, Gueye SM, Schurr TG, Rebbeck TR – PLoS ONE (2009).
[http://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=2776971_pone.0007842.g002&req=4]</ref> It was discovered by historian [[Henry Louis Gates, Jr]] in the ''[[African American Lives]]'' documentary miniseries that [[NASA]] astronaut [[Mae Jemison]] has a significant (above 10%) genetic [[East Asia]]n admixture. Gates speculated that the intermarriage/relations between migrant Chinese workers during the 19th century and black, or African-American slaves or ex-slaves may have contributed to her ethnic genetic make-up.
In the mid 1850s, 70 to 150 Chinese were living in New York City and 11 of them married Irish women. In 1906 the ''New York Times'' (6 August) reported that 300 white women (Irish American) were married to Chinese men in New York, with many more cohabited. In 1900, based on Liang research, of the 120,000 men in more than 20 Chinese communities in the United States, he estimated that one out of every twenty Chinese men (Cantonese) was married to white women.<ref>{{cite book |author=Benson Tong|title=Asian American children: a historical handbook and guide |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=uK6xhcu-4hAC&pg=PA38|accessdate=2 March 2012|year=2004 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-33042-1|pages=38–}}</ref> In the 1960s census showed 3500 Chinese men married to white women and 2900 Chinese women married to white men.<ref>[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-im2X0hbpv8C&pg=PA180&dq=Chinese+men+white+women+3500+++america&hl=en&sa=X&ei=yy2XUb_ZM4HgOO2lgdgE&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Chinese%20men%20white%20women%203500%20%20%20america&f=false Love's revolution: interracial marriage] by Maria P.P. Root. Page 180</ref>
Interracial marriage has become increasingly accepted in the United States since the Civil Rights movement and up to the present day.<ref name="Swanbrow">{{cite web |url=http://www.umich.edu/news/index.html?Releases/2000/Mar00/r032300a |title=Intimate Relationships Between Races More Common Than Thought |last=Swanbrow |first=Diane |date=23 March 2000 |publisher=University of Michigan |accessdate=15 July 2008}}</ref> Approval of mixed marriages in national opinion polls has risen from 4% in 1958, 20% in 1968 (at the time of the SCOTUS decision), 36% in 1978, to 48% in 1991, 65% in 2002, 77% in 2007, and 86% in 2011.<ref>Krugman, Paul, ''The Conscience of a Liberal'', W W Norton & Company, 2007, p. 210.</ref><ref>Gallup Poll, {{cite web |url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/149390/record-high-approve-black-white-marriages.aspx |title=Record-High 86% Approve of Black-White Marriages |deadurl=no |accessdate=13 September 2012}}</ref> The most notable American of mixed race is the current [[President of the United States]], [[Barack Obama]], who is the product of a mixed marriage between a black father and white mother. Nevertheless, as late as 2009, a [[Louisiana]] [[justice of the peace]] [[Refusal of interracial marriage in Louisiana|refused to issue a marriage license]] to an interracial couple, justifying the decision on grounds of concern for any children the couple might have.<ref>Foster, Mary. [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/33349991/ns/us_news-race_and_ethnicity/ "Interracial Couple Denied Marriage License in La"]. [[Associated Press]]. 16 October 2009.</ref>
The majority of Hawaiian Chinese were Cantonese migrants from Guangdong with a minority from Hakka. If all people with Chinese ancestry in Hawaii (including the Chinese-Hawaiians) are included, they form about 1/3 of Hawaii's entire population. Many thousands of them married women of Hawaiian as well as Hawaiian/European and European origin. A large percentage of the Chinese men married Hawaiian and Hawaiian/European women. The 12,592 Asiatic-Hawaiians enumerated in 1930 were the result of Chinese men intermarrying with Hawaiian and part Hawaiian/European. Most Asiatic-Hawaiians men also married Hawaiians and European women (and vice versa). On the census some Chinese with little native blood would be classified as Chinese, not as Asiatic-Hawaiians due to dilution of native blood. Intermarriage started to decline in the 1920s.<ref name=adams>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GrvXiBNOsO0C&pg=PA396|title=Interracial Marriage in Hawaii|author=Romanzo Adams|year=2005|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|page=396|isbn=978-1-4179-9268-3|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a904831799|title=Interethnic Marriage and Divorce in Hawaii A Panel Study of 1968 First Marriages|author=Margaret M. Schwertfeger|year=1982|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref> [[Portuguese American|Portuguese]] and other Caucasian women often married Chinese men.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_j2lXoxMIiAC&pg=PA254&dq=pattern+and+Portuguese+women+marrying+Chinese+males#v=onepage&q=pattern%20and%20Portuguese%20women%20marrying%20Chinese%20males&f=false|title=Divorce: crisis, challenge, or relief?|author1=David Anthony Chiriboga |author2=Linda S. Catron |year=1991|publisher=NYU Press|page=254|isbn=978-0-8147-1450-8|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AUL3iXlwKQgC&pg=PA58|title=Intermarriage in the United States, Volume 5|author1=Gary A. Cretser |author2=Joseph J. Leon |year=1982|publisher=Psychology Press|page=58|isbn=978-0-917724-60-2|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref> These unions between Chinese men and Portuguese women resulted in children of mixed Chinese Portuguese parentage, called Chinese-Portuguese. For two years ending 30 June 1933, 38 of these children were born; they were classified as pure Chinese because their fathers were Chinese.<ref name=adams/> A large amount of mingling took place between Chinese and Portuguese, Chinese men married Portuguese, Spanish, Hawaiian, Caucasian-Hawaiian, etc.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hzoXAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA2-PA27|title=Bulletin, Issues 13–18|author=United States Bureau of Education|year=1921|publisher=U.S. G.P.O.|page=27|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0hSmD_8bhpwC&pg=PA27|title=Bulletin, Issue 16|author=United States. Office of Education|year=1920|publisher=U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education|page=27|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dewAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA492|title=American journal of physical anthropology, Volume 3|author=American Association of Physical Anthropologists, Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology|year=1920|publisher=A. R. Liss|page=492|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AUL3iXlwKQgC&pg=PA53|title=Intermarriage in the United States, Volume 5|author1=Gary A. Cretser |author2=Joseph J. Leon |year=1982|publisher=Routledge|page=111|isbn=978-0-917724-60-2|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref> Only one Chinese man was recorded marrying an American woman.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fsAUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA42|title=The Journal of heredity, Volume 10|author=American Genetic Association|year=1919|publisher=American Genetic Association|page=42|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pf_zAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA42|title=J hered, Volume 10|author=American Genetic Association|year=1919|publisher=American Genetic Association|page=42|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref> Chinese men in Hawaii also married Puerto Rican, Portuguese, Japanese, Greek, and half - white women.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_7a0sWazYH8C&pg=PA988|title=New Outlook, Volume 81|author=Alfred Emanuel Smith|year=1905|publisher=Outlook Publishing Company, Inc.|page=988|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=57_QAAAAMAAJ|title=The Outlook, Volume 81 | 2016-09-30T12:53:41Z | In the mid 19th to 20th centuries, the Chinese that migrated were almost entirely of Cantonese origin. Hundreds of thousands of Chinese men in the U.S, mostly of Cantonese origin from Taishan migrated to the United States. [[Anti-miscegenation laws]] in many states prohibited Chinese men from marrying white women.<ref>[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=283998 Chin, Gabriel and Hrishi Karthikeyan, (2002) Asian Law Journal vol. 9 "Preserving Racial Identity: Population Patterns and the Application of Anti-Miscegenation Statutes to Asian Americans, 1910–1950"]. Papers.ssrn.com. Retrieved 29 January 2012.</ref> After the [[Emancipation Proclamation]], many intermarriages in some states were not recorded and historically, Chinese American men married African American women in high proportions to their total marriage numbers due to few Chinese American women being in the United States. After the Emancipation Proclamation, many Chinese Americans migrated to the Southern states, particularly Arkansas, to work on plantations. For example, in 1880, the tenth [[US Census]] of [[Louisiana]] alone counted 57% of interracial marriages between these Chinese to be with black and 43% to be with white women.<ref name="The United States">{{cite web|url=http://www.colorq.org/MeltingPot/article.aspx?d=America&x=ChineseBlacks|title=The United States|work=Chinese blacks in the Americas|publisher=Color Q World|accessdate=15 July 2008}}</ref> Between 20 and 30 percent of the Chinese who lived in Mississippi married black women before 1940.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Susan Dente Ross|author2=Paul Martin Lester|title=Images That Injure: Pictorial Stereotypes in the Media|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=cpIHIKUS-e0C&pg=PA144|accessdate=2 March 2012|date=19 April 2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-37892-8|pages=144–}}</ref> In a genetic study of 199 samples from African American males found one belong to haplogroup O2a ( or 0.5% )<ref>Evaluation of Group Genetic Ancestry of Populations from Philadelphia and Dakar in the Context of Sex-Biased Admixture in the Americas Stefflova K, Dulik MC, Pai AA, Walker AH, Zeigler-Johnson CM, Gueye SM, Schurr TG, Rebbeck TR – PLoS ONE (2009).
[http://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=2776971_pone.0007842.g002&req=4]</ref> It was discovered by historian [[Henry Louis Gates, Jr]] in the ''[[African American Lives]]'' documentary miniseries that [[NASA]] astronaut [[Mae Jemison]] has a significant (above 10%) genetic [[East Asia]]n admixture. Gates speculated that the intermarriage/relations between migrant Chinese workers during the 19th century and black, or African-American slaves or ex-slaves might have contributed to her ethnic genetic make-up.
In the mid 1850s, 70 to 150 Chinese were living in New York City and 11 of them married Irish women. In 1906 the ''New York Times'' (6 August) reported that 300 white women (Irish American) were married to Chinese men in New York, with many more cohabited. In 1900, based on Liang research, of the 120,000 men in more than 20 Chinese communities in the United States, he estimated that one out of every twenty Chinese men (Cantonese) was married to a white woman.<ref>{{cite book |author=Benson Tong|title=Asian American children: a historical handbook and guide |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=uK6xhcu-4hAC&pg=PA38|accessdate=2 March 2012|year=2004 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-33042-1|pages=38–}}</ref> In the 1960s census showed 3500 Chinese men married to white women and 2900 Chinese women married to white men.<ref>[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-im2X0hbpv8C&pg=PA180&dq=Chinese+men+white+women+3500+++america&hl=en&sa=X&ei=yy2XUb_ZM4HgOO2lgdgE&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Chinese%20men%20white%20women%203500%20%20%20america&f=false Love's revolution: interracial marriage] by Maria P.P. Root. Page 180</ref>
Interracial marriage has become increasingly accepted in the United States as a result of the Civil Rights movement.<ref name="Swanbrow">{{cite web |url=http://www.umich.edu/news/index.html?Releases/2000/Mar00/r032300a |title=Intimate Relationships Between Races More Common Than Thought |last=Swanbrow |first=Diane |date=23 March 2000 |publisher=University of Michigan |accessdate=15 July 2008}}</ref> Approval of mixed marriages in national opinion polls has risen from 4% in 1958, 20% in 1968 (at the time of the SCOTUS decision), 36% in 1978, to 48% in 1991, 65% in 2002, 77% in 2007, and 86% in 2011.<ref>Krugman, Paul, ''The Conscience of a Liberal'', W W Norton & Company, 2007, p. 210.</ref><ref>Gallup Poll, {{cite web |url=http://www.gallup.com/poll/149390/record-high-approve-black-white-marriages.aspx |title=Record-High 86% Approve of Black-White Marriages |deadurl=no |accessdate=13 September 2012}}</ref> The most notable American of mixed race is the current [[President of the United States]], [[Barack Obama]], who is the product of a mixed marriage between a black father and white mother. Nevertheless, as late as 2009, a [[Louisiana]] [[justice of the peace]] [[Refusal of interracial marriage in Louisiana|refused to issue a marriage license]] to an interracial couple, justifying the decision on grounds of concern for any children the couple might have.<ref>Foster, Mary. [http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/33349991/ns/us_news-race_and_ethnicity/ "Interracial Couple Denied Marriage License in La"]. [[Associated Press]]. 16 October 2009.</ref>
The majority of Hawaiian Chinese were Cantonese migrants from Guangdong with a minority from Hakka. If all people with Chinese ancestry in Hawaii (including the Chinese-Hawaiians) are included, they form about 1/3 of Hawaii's entire population. Many thousands of them married women of Hawaiian as well as Hawaiian/European and European origin. A large percentage of the Chinese men married Hawaiian and Hawaiian/European women. The 12,592 Asiatic-Hawaiians enumerated in 1930 were the result of Chinese men intermarrying with Hawaiian and part Hawaiian/European. Most Asiatic-Hawaiians men also married Hawaiians and European women (and vice versa). On the census some Chinese with little native blood would be classified as Chinese, not as Asiatic-Hawaiians due to dilution of native blood. Intermarriage started to decline in the 1920s.<ref name=adams>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GrvXiBNOsO0C&pg=PA396|title=Interracial Marriage in Hawaii|author=Romanzo Adams|year=2005|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|page=396|isbn=978-1-4179-9268-3|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a904831799|title=Interethnic Marriage and Divorce in Hawaii A Panel Study of 1968 First Marriages|author=Margaret M. Schwertfeger|year=1982|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref> [[Portuguese American|Portuguese]] and other Caucasian women often married Chinese men.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_j2lXoxMIiAC&pg=PA254&dq=pattern+and+Portuguese+women+marrying+Chinese+males#v=onepage&q=pattern%20and%20Portuguese%20women%20marrying%20Chinese%20males&f=false|title=Divorce: crisis, challenge, or relief?|author1=David Anthony Chiriboga |author2=Linda S. Catron |year=1991|publisher=NYU Press|page=254|isbn=978-0-8147-1450-8|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AUL3iXlwKQgC&pg=PA58|title=Intermarriage in the United States, Volume 5|author1=Gary A. Cretser |author2=Joseph J. Leon |year=1982|publisher=Psychology Press|page=58|isbn=978-0-917724-60-2|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref> These unions between Chinese men and Portuguese women resulted in children of mixed Chinese Portuguese parentage, called Chinese-Portuguese. For two years ending 30 June 1933, 38 of these children were born; they were classified as pure Chinese because their fathers were Chinese.<ref name=adams/> A large amount of mingling took place between Chinese and Portuguese, Chinese men married Portuguese, Spanish, Hawaiian, Caucasian-Hawaiian, etc.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hzoXAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA2-PA27|title=Bulletin, Issues 13–18|author=United States Bureau of Education|year=1921|publisher=U.S. G.P.O.|page=27|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0hSmD_8bhpwC&pg=PA27|title=Bulletin, Issue 16|author=United States. Office of Education|year=1920|publisher=U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education|page=27|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dewAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA492|title=American journal of physical anthropology, Volume 3|author=American Association of Physical Anthropologists, Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology|year=1920|publisher=A. R. Liss|page=492|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AUL3iXlwKQgC&pg=PA53|title=Intermarriage in the United States, Volume 5|author1=Gary A. Cretser |author2=Joseph J. Leon|year=1982|publisher=Routledge|page=111|isbn=978-0-917724-60-2|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref> Only one Chinese man was recorded marrying an American woman.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fsAUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA42|title=The Journal of heredity, Volume 10|author=American Genetic Association|year=1919|publisher=American Genetic Association|page=42|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pf_zAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA42|title=J hered, Volume 10|author=American Genetic Association|year=1919|publisher=American Genetic Association|page=42|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref> Chinese men in Hawaii also married Puerto Rican, Portuguese, Japanese, Greek, and half-white women.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_7a0sWazYH8C&pg=PA988|title=New Outlook, Volume 81|author=Alfred Emanuel Smith|year=1905|publisher=Outlook Publishing Company, Inc.|page=988|accessdate=14 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=57_QAAAAMAAJ|title=The Outlook, Volume 81 | 2016-10-02T12:15:54Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744249663 | == Examples of maximum entropy distributions == | 2016-09-12T16:49:46Z | == Examples == | 2016-10-14T02:07:04Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742630175 | In March 1998, [[Philadelphia]] mayor [[Ed Rendell]] appointed Timoney as [[Philadelphia Police Department|Philadelphia Police]] commissioner. Timoney served through the end of 2001. His career marked a turnaround in Philadelphia's increasing homicide rate but had controversy. Critics challenged his handling of protests during the [[2000 Republican National Convention]], particularly his use of undercover agents to infiltrate protest groups.<ref name="NYT1"/> Timoney lied under oath in an attempt to put an innocent teenager in jail after police officers brutally attacked him at a protest. A jury of 12 saw this to be true and his credibility dropped like the turd he so closely resembled. <ref>http://r2klegal.protestarchive.org/r2klegal/press/pr-031501.html</ref>
| 2016-10-01T07:37:29Z | In March 1998, [[Philadelphia]] mayor [[Ed Rendell]] appointed Timoney as [[Philadelphia Police Department|Philadelphia Police]] commissioner. Timoney served through the end of 2001. His career marked a turnaround in Philadelphia's increasing homicide rate but had controversy. Critics challenged his handling of protests during the [[2000 Republican National Convention]], particularly his use of undercover agents to infiltrate protest groups.<ref name="NYT1"/> | 2016-10-04T20:54:12Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744132886 | St Katharine’s was the church of the weavers. Even before the arrival of Lutheran doctrines, there was already in Zwickau a reform movement inspired by the [[Bohemian Reformation|Hussite Reformation]] of the 15th century, especially in its radical, apocalyptic [[Taborite]] flavour. Amongst the Zwickau weavers this movement was particularly strong, along with spiritualism. [[Nicholas Storch|Nikolaus Storch]] was active here, a self-taught radical who placed every confidence in spiritual revelation through dreams. Soon he and Müntzer were acting in concert.<ref>Tom Scott: Thomas Müntzer (1989) {{rp|page=22}}</ref> In the following months, Müntzer found himself more and more at odds with Egranus, the local representative of the Wittenberg movement, and increasingly embroiled in riots against the local Catholic priests. The town council became nervous at what was going on at St Katharine’s, and in April of 1521 at last decided that enough was enough: Müntzer was dismissed from his post and was forced to leave Zwickau.{{fact|date=October 2016}} | 2016-10-13T01:03:22Z | St Katharine’s was the church of the weavers. Even before the arrival of Lutheran doctrines, there was already in Zwickau a reform movement inspired by the [[Bohemian Reformation|Hussite Reformation]] of the 15th century, especially in its radical, apocalyptic [[Taborite]] flavour. Amongst the Zwickau weavers this movement was particularly strong, along with spiritualism. [[Nicholas Storch|Nikolaus Storch]] was active here, a self-taught radical who placed every confidence in spiritual revelation through dreams. Soon he and Müntzer were acting in concert.<ref>Tom Scott: Thomas Müntzer (1989) {{rp|page=22}}</ref> In the following months, Müntzer found himself more and more at odds with Egranus, the local representative of the Wittenberg movement, and increasingly embroiled in riots against the local Catholic priests. The town council became nervous at what was going on at St Katharine’s, and in April of 1521 at last decided that enough was enough: Müntzer was dismissed from his post and was forced to leave Zwickau.<ref>Tom Scott: Thomas Müntzer (1989) {{rp|page=24}}</ref> | 2016-10-13T09:25:58Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744179799 | |location = Shannon Airport, 1981-2010 (Extremes 1938-present)
|Jan rain days = 16
|Feb rain days = 12
|Mar rain days = 14
|Apr rain days = 11
|May rain days = 12
|Jun rain days = 11
|Jul rain days = 12
|Aug rain days = 13
|Sep rain days = 12
|Oct rain days = 16
|Nov rain days = 15
|Dec rain days = 15
|year rain days = 147
|Feb sun = 64.4
|source 1 = [http://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/1981-2010/shannon.html Met Éireann] ([http://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/weather-extremes.asp Extremes]) | 2016-07-09T07:39:55Z | |location = Shannon Airport, (1981–2010, extremes 1938–present)
|Jan mean C = 6.0
|Feb mean C = 6.2
|Mar mean C = 7.8
|Apr mean C = 9.5
|May mean C = 12.1
|Jun mean C = 14.6
|Jul mean C = 16.4
|Aug mean C = 16.2
|Sep mean C = 14.2
|Oct mean C = 11.2
|Nov mean C = 8.3
|Dec mean C = 6.3
|year mean C = 10.7
|precipitation colour = green
|unit precipitation days = 0.2 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 20
|Feb precipitation days = 16
|Mar precipitation days = 19
|Apr precipitation days = 16
|May precipitation days = 16
|Jun precipitation days = 15
|Jul precipitation days = 16
|Aug precipitation days = 18
|Sep precipitation days = 16
|Oct precipitation days = 20
|Nov precipitation days = 20
|Dec precipitation days = 19
|year precipitation days = 211
|Jan snow days = 2.3
|Feb snow days = 2.3
|Mar snow days = 1.4
|Apr snow days = 0.5
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.0
|Nov snow days = 0.1
|Dec snow days = 1.3
|year snow days = 8.0
|Jan humidity = 80.5
|Feb humidity = 74.6
|Mar humidity = 70.5
|Apr humidity = 64.4
|May humidity = 63.3
|Jun humidity = 65.1
|Jul humidity = 68.0
|Aug humidity = 68.2
|Sep humidity = 69.2
|Oct humidity = 75.2
|Nov humidity = 80.5
|Dec humidity = 83.1
|year humidity = 71.9
|Feb sun = 65.0
|Jand sun = 1.6
|Febd sun = 2.3
|Mard sun = 3.2
|Aprd sun = 5.1
|Mayd sun = 5.8
|Jund sun = 5.2
|Juld sun = 4.5
|Augd sun = 4.5
|Sepd sun = 3.9
|Octd sun = 2.9
|Novd sun = 2.0
|Decd sun = 1.4
|yeard sun = 3.5
|source 1 = Met Éireann<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/1981-2010/shannon.html
| title = Shannon Airport 1979–2008 averages
| publisher = [[Met Éireann]]
| accessdate = 13 October 2016}}</ref><ref name=absmax>{{cite web
| url = http://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/extreme_maxtemps.pdf
| title = Absolute Maximum Air Temperatures for each Month at Selected Stations
| publisher = [[Met Éireann]]
| accessdate = 13 October 2016}}</ref><ref name=absmin>{{cite web
| url = http://www.met.ie/climate-ireland/extreme-mintemps.pdf
| title = Absolute Minimum Air Temperatures for each Month at Selected Stations
| publisher = [[Met Éireann]]
| accessdate = 13 October 2016}}</ref> | 2016-10-13T16:21:57Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741524077 | * September 16, 2014 – June 6, 2015: [[2014–15 UEFA Champions League]]<ref>[http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2015/competitionformat/index.html 2014–15 UEFA Champions League Competition Format]</ref> ([[2015 UEFA Champions League Final|final]] takes place at the [[Olympiastadion (Berlin)|Olympiastadion]] in {{flagicon|GER}} Berlin) | 2016-08-04T19:30:56Z | * September 16, 2014 – June 6, 2015: [[2014–15 UEFA Champions League]]<ref>[http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2015/competitionformat/index.html 2014–15 UEFA Champions League Competition Format] {{wayback|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2015/competitionformat/index.html |date=20150423073606 }}</ref> ([[2015 UEFA Champions League Final|final]] takes place at the [[Olympiastadion (Berlin)|Olympiastadion]] in {{flagicon|GER}} Berlin) | 2016-09-28T01:43:52Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745866419 | | [[Thorvald Ellegaard]]<br><small>{{DEN}} || [[Willy Arend]]<br><small>{{flagcountry|GER|empire}} || [[Harie Meyers]]<br><small>{{NED}}
| [[Piet Dickentman]]<br><small>{{NED}} || [[Thaddäus Robl]]<br><small>{{flagcountry|GER|empire}} || [[Alfred Görnemann]]<br><small>{{flagcountry|GER|empire}}
| [[Arthur Reed (cyclist)|Arthur Reed]]<br><small>{{UK-GBR}} || [[Jimmy Benyon]]<br><small>{{UK-GBR}} || [[C. Hellemann]]<br><small>{{DEN}}
|[[Edmond Audemars]]<br><small>{{SUI}} || [[Vittorio Carlevaro]]<br><small>{{flagcountry|ITA|1861}} || [[Reinhold Herzog]]<br><small>{{flagcountry|GER|empire}}
| colspan="2" bgcolor=D3D3D3| '''Total''' | 2016-09-24T15:04:06Z | | [[Thorvald Ellegaard]]<br>{{small|{{DEN}}}} || [[Willy Arend]]<br>{{small|{{flagcountry|GER|empire}}}} || [[Harie Meyers]]<br>{{small|{{NED}}}}
| [[Piet Dickentman]]<br>{{small|{{NED}}}} || [[Thaddäus Robl]]<br>{{small|{{flagcountry|GER|empire}}}} || [[Alfred Görnemann]]<br>{{small|{{flagcountry|GER|empire}}}}
| [[Arthur Reed (cyclist)|Arthur Reed]]<br>{{small|{{UK-GBR}}}} || [[Jimmy Benyon]]<br>{{small|{{UK-GBR}}}} || [[C. Hellemann]]<br>{{small|{{DEN}}}}
|[[Edmond Audemars]]<br>{{small|{{SUI}}}} || [[Vittorio Carlevaro]]<br>{{small|{{flagcountry|ITA|1861}}}} || [[Reinhold Herzog]]<br>{{small|{{flagcountry|GER|empire}}}}
| colspan=2 bgcolor=D3D3D3| '''Total''' | 2016-10-23T20:39:47Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=746034571 | RS-485 enables the configuration of inexpensive [[local network]]s and multidrop communications links. It offers [[data transmission]] speeds of 35 [[bitrate|Mbit/s]] for distances up to 10 m and 100 [[bitrate|kbit/s]] up to 1200 m. Since it uses a [[high-voltage differential signalling|differential]] [[balanced line]] over [[twisted pair]] (like [[RS-422]]), it can span relatively large distances up to {{convert|1200|m|abbr=on|-3}}. A rule of thumb is that the speed in bit/s multiplied by the length in meters should not exceed 10<sup>8</sup>. Thus a {{nowrap|50 meter}} cable should not signal faster than {{nowrap|2 Mbit/s}}.<ref name=slla070d>{{cite techreport |url=http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/slla070d/slla070d.pdf |format=pdf |website=[[Texas Instruments]] |first=Manny |last=Soltero |first2=Jing |last2=Zhang |first3=Chris |last3=Cockril |first4=Kevin |last4=Zhang |first5=Clark |last5=Kinnaird |first6=Thomas |last6=Kugelstadt |title=RS-422 and RS-485 Standards Overview and System Configurations, Application Report |id=SLLA070D |date=May 2010 |origyear=2002}}</ref><!--({{nowrap|bps*length=10<sup>8</sup>}})-->
In contrast to [[RS-422]], which has a single driver circuit which cannot be switched off, RS-485 drivers use [[three-state logic]] allowing individual transmitters to be deactivated. This allows RS-485 to implement [[linear bus topology|linear bus topologies]] using only two wires. The equipment located along a set of RS-485 wires are interchangeably called nodes, stations or devices.<ref>{{cite book |author=Electronic Industries Association |series=EIA Standard RS-485 |title=Electrical Characteristics of Generators and Receivers for Use in Balanced Multipoint Systems |year=1983 |oclc=10728525}}{{page needed|date=October 2011}}</ref>
The recommended arrangement of the wires is as a connected series of point-to-point (multidropped) nodes, i.e. a line or bus, not a star, ring, or multiply connected network. Ideally, the two ends of the cable will have a [[termination resistor]] connected across the two wires. Without termination resistors, reflections of fast driver edges can cause multiple data edges that can cause data corruption. Termination resistors also reduce electrical noise sensitivity due to the lower impedance, and bias resistors (see below) are required. The value of each termination resistor should be equal to the cable characteristic impedance (typically, 120 ohms for twisted pairs).
Star and ring topologies are not recommended because of signal reflections or excessively low or high termination impedance. If a star configuration is unavoidable, special RS-485 star/hub repeaters are available which bidirectionally listen for data on each span and then retransmit the data onto all other spans.
Somewhere along the set of wires, pull up or pull down resistors are established to [[fail-safe]] bias each data wire when the lines are not being driven by any device. This way, the lines will be biased to known voltages and nodes will not interpret the noise from undriven lines as actual data; without biasing resistors, the data lines float in such a way that electrical noise sensitivity is greatest when all device stations are silent or unpowered.<ref>{{cite web | title = DS3695,DS3695A,DS3695AT,DS3695T,DS96172, DS96174,DS96F172MQML,DS96F174MQML: Application Note 847 FAILSAFE Biasing of Differential Buses (Literature Number: SNLA031)| url = http://www.ti.com/lit/an/snla031/snla031.pdf | publisher = Texas Instruments |year = 2011}}</ref> | 2016-10-19T17:32:10Z | RS-485 supports inexpensive [[local network]]s and [[multidrop]] communications links. Since using the same [[high-voltage differential signalling|differential]] [[balanced line]] over [[twisted pair]] as [[RS-422]], RS-485 can span distances up to {{convert|1200|m|abbr=on|-3}}. It offers [[data transmission]] speeds of 35 [[bitrate|Mbit/s]]{{cn}} for distances up to 10 m and 100 [[bitrate|kbit/s]] up to 1200 m. A rule of thumb is that the speed in bit/s multiplied by the length in meters should not exceed 10<sup>8</sup>. Thus a {{nowrap|50 meter}} cable should not signal faster than {{nowrap|2 Mbit/s}}.<ref name=slla070d>{{cite techreport |url=http://focus.ti.com/lit/an/slla070d/slla070d.pdf |format=pdf |website=[[Texas Instruments]] |first=Manny |last=Soltero |first2=Jing |last2=Zhang |first3=Chris |last3=Cockril |first4=Kevin |last4=Zhang |first5=Clark |last5=Kinnaird |first6=Thomas |last6=Kugelstadt |title=RS-422 and RS-485 Standards Overview and System Configurations, Application Report |id=SLLA070D |date=May 2010 |origyear=2002}}</ref><!--({{nowrap|bps*length=10<sup>8</sup>}})-->
In contrast to RS-422, which has a single driver circuit which cannot be switched off, RS-485 drivers use [[three-state logic]] allowing individual transmitters to be deactivated. This allows RS-485 to implement [[linear bus topology|linear bus topologies]] using only two wires. The equipment located along a set of RS-485 wires are interchangeably called nodes, stations or devices.<ref>{{cite book |author=Electronic Industries Association |series=EIA Standard RS-485 |title=Electrical Characteristics of Generators and Receivers for Use in Balanced Multipoint Systems |year=1983 |oclc=10728525}}{{page needed|date=October 2011}}</ref> The recommended arrangement of the wires is as a connected series of point-to-point (multidropped) nodes, i.e. a line or bus, not a star, ring, or multiply connected network. Star and ring topologies are not recommended because of signal reflections or excessively low or high termination impedance. If a star configuration is unavoidable, special RS-485 star/hub repeaters are available which bidirectionally listen for data on each span and then retransmit the data onto all other spans.
Ideally, the two ends of the cable will have a [[termination resistor]] connected across the two wires. Without termination resistors, reflections of fast driver edges can cause data corruption. Termination resistors also reduce electrical noise sensitivity due to the lower impedance. The value of each termination resistor should be equal to the cable characteristic impedance (typically, 120 ohms for twisted pairs). Somewhere along the set of wires, pull up or pull down resistors are established to [[fail-safe]] bias each data wire when the lines are not being driven by any device. This way, the lines will be biased to known voltages and nodes will not interpret the noise from undriven lines as actual data; without biasing resistors, the data lines float in such a way that electrical noise sensitivity is greatest when all device stations are silent or unpowered.<ref>{{cite web | title = DS3695,DS3695A,DS3695AT,DS3695T,DS96172, DS96174,DS96F172MQML,DS96F174MQML: Application Note 847 FAILSAFE Biasing of Differential Buses (Literature Number: SNLA031)| url = http://www.ti.com/lit/an/snla031/snla031.pdf | publisher = Texas Instruments |year = 2011}}</ref> | 2016-10-24T22:09:34Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741559132 | *<span id="notes_gs1"></span>Qarabağ have played their home games at the [[Tofiq Bahramov Stadium]] since 1993 due to the ongoing situation in [[Quzanlı]].<ref>[http://www.tezadlar.az/index.php?type=xebergoster&id=10375 Doğma torpaq, qüdrətinə qurban olum!] {{az icon}}</ref> | 2016-08-14T01:20:30Z | *<span id="notes_gs1"></span>Qarabağ have played their home games at the [[Tofiq Bahramov Stadium]] since 1993 due to the ongoing situation in [[Quzanlı]].<ref>[http://www.tezadlar.az/index.php?type=xebergoster&id=10375 Doğma torpaq, qüdrətinə qurban olum!] {{wayback|url=http://www.tezadlar.az/index.php?type=xebergoster&id=10375 |date=20130927203006 }} {{az icon}}</ref> | 2016-09-28T07:22:35Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=746075360 | During April, 2016, Riot indefinitely banned loltyler1 from Leauge of Legends.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boards.na.leagueoflegends.com/en/c/player-behavior-moderation/8a75KeUR-the-indefinite-banning-of-tyler1|title=Riot Bans loltyler1 |first=Riot|last=Socrates|website=Boards Leauge of Legends|publisher=Riot Games.|date=April 25, 2016}}</ref> | 2016-10-25T03:31:39Z | During April, 2016, Riot indefinitely banned loltyler1 (best draven world) from Leauge of Legends.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://boards.na.leagueoflegends.com/en/c/player-behavior-moderation/8a75KeUR-the-indefinite-banning-of-tyler1|title=Riot Bans loltyler1 |first=Riot|last=Socrates|website=Boards Leauge of Legends|publisher=Riot Games.|date=April 25, 2016}}</ref> | 2016-10-25T03:40:36Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742621881 | [[Leukocytes]], as well as other type of white blood cells, normally form weak and short-lived bonds with other cells via [[selectin]]. Coated outside the membrane of leukocytes are [[microvilli]], which have various types of adhesive molecules, including [[P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1]] (PSGL-1), a glycoprotein that is normally decorated with sulfated sialyl-Lewis x. the sulfated-sialyl-Lewis-x-contained PSGL-1 molecule has the ability to bind to any type of selectin. Leukocytes also exhibit L-selectin that binds to other cells or other leukocytes that contain PSGL-1 molecules.<ref name="Thomas W 2008">Thomas W. Catch Bond in Adhesion. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (2008); 10:39-57</ref> | 2016-09-07T09:39:18Z | [[Leukocytes]], as well as other types of white blood cells, normally form weak and short-lived bonds with other cells via [[selectin]]. Coated outside the membrane of leukocytes are [[microvilli]], which have various types of adhesive molecules, including [[P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1]] (PSGL-1), a glycoprotein that is normally decorated with sulfated sialyl-Lewis x. the sulfated-sialyl-Lewis-x-contained PSGL-1 molecule has the ability to bind to any type of selectin. Leukocytes also exhibit L-selectin that binds to other cells or other leukocytes that contain PSGL-1 molecules.<ref name="Thomas W 2008">Thomas W. Catch Bond in Adhesion. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. (2008); 10:39-57</ref> | 2016-10-04T19:54:13Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741864754 | | Champion = Big South Conference Co–Champions
| BowlTourney = [[2013 NCAA Division I FCS football season#NCAA FCS Playoff bracket|FCS Playoffs Quarterfinals]] vs. [[2013 North Dakota State Bison football team|North Dakota State]]
| BowlTourneyResult = L 14–48
The '''2013 Coastal Carolina Chanticleers football team''' represented [[Coastal Carolina University]] in the [[2013 NCAA Division I FCS football season]]. They were led by second year head coach [[Joe Moglia]] and played their home games at [[Brooks Stadium]]. They were a member of the [[Big South Conference]]. They finished the season 12–3, 4–1 in Big South play to share the Big South Conference title with Liberty. Due to their win over Liberty, they received the conference's automatic bid to the FCS Playoffs where they defeated Bethune-Cookman and Montana to advance to the quarterfinals where they lost to North Dakota State. | 2015-11-23T05:47:18Z | | Champion = Big South Conference co-champion
| BowlTourney = [[2013 NCAA Division I FCS football season#NCAA FCS Playoff bracket|FCS Playoffs Quarterfinals]]
| BowlTourneyResult = L 14–48 vs. [[2013 North Dakota State Bison football team|North Dakota State]]
The '''2013 Coastal Carolina Chanticleers football team''' represented [[Coastal Carolina University]] in the [[2013 NCAA Division I FCS football season]]. They were led by second-year head coach [[Joe Moglia]] and played their home games at [[Brooks Stadium]]. They were a member of the [[Big South Conference]]. They finished the season 12–3, 4–1 in Big South play to share the conference title with [[2013 Liberty Flames football team|Liberty]]. Due to their win over Liberty, they received the conference's automatic bid to the FCS playoffs. They defeated [[2013 Bethune-Cookman Wildcats football team|Bethune-Cookman]] and [[2013 Montana Grizzlies football team|Montana]] to advance to the quarterfinals, where they lost to [[2013 North Dakota State Bison football team|North Dakota State]]. | 2016-09-30T04:02:17Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744115510 | On 31 January, a week after Gavrilov's article, in a speech to [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]] in her [[Finchley (UK Parliament constituency)|Finchley]] [[United Kingdom constituencies|constituency]], Thatcher herself embraced the nickname ("... I stand before you tonight ... the Iron Lady of the Western world. ... Yes I am an iron lady...") and compared it to [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Wellington]]'s nickname, [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington#The Iron Duke|The Iron Duke]] ("... after all it wasn't a bad thing to be an iron duke, yes if that's how they wish to interpret my defence of values and freedoms fundamental to our way of life.").<ref name=MargaretThatcherFoundation01a>{{Cite web|url=http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102947|publisher=Margaret Thatcher Foundation|date=31 Jan 1976 |title=Margaret Thatcher – Speech to Finchley Conservatives (admits to being an "Iron Lady") |accessdate=24 September 2016|quote= I stand before you tonight in my Red Star chiffon evening gown. (Laughter, applause), my face softly made up and my fair hair gently waved (Laughter), the Iron Lady of the Western world. A cold war warrior, an amazon philistine, even a Peking plotter. Well, am I any of these things? (No!) Well yes, if that's how they … . (Laughter) … . Yes I am an iron lady, after all it wasn't a bad thing to be an iron duke, yes if that's how they wish to interpret my defence of values and freedoms fundamental to our way of life.}}</ref> | 2016-10-12T00:13:33Z | On 31 January, a week after Gavrilov's article, in a speech to [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]] in her [[Finchley (UK Parliament constituency)|Finchley]] [[United Kingdom constituencies|constituency]], Thatcher herself embraced the nickname ("... I stand before you tonight ... the Iron Lady of the Western world. ... Yes I am an iron lady...") and compared it to [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington|Wellington]]'s nickname, [[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington#The Iron Duke|The Iron Duke]] ("... after all it wasn't a bad thing to be an iron duke, yes if that's how they wish to interpret my defence of values and freedoms fundamental to our way of life.").<ref name=MargaretThatcherFoundation01a>{{Cite web|url=http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/102947|publisher=Margaret Thatcher Foundation|date=31 Jan 1976 |title=Margaret Thatcher – Speech to Finchley Conservatives (admits to being an "Iron Lady") |accessdate=24 September 2016|quote= I stand before you tonight in my Red Star chiffon evening gown. (Laughter, applause), my face softly made up and my fair hair gently waved (Laughter), the Iron Lady of the Western world. A cold war warrior, an amazon philistine, even a Peking plotter. Well, am I any of these things? (No!) Well yes, if that's how they … . (Laughter) … . Yes I am an iron lady, after all it wasn't a bad thing to be an iron duke, yes if that's how they wish to interpret my defence of values and freedoms fundamental to our way of life.}}</ref> BBC News reported on it that night.<ref name=MargaretThatcherFoundation01a/> | 2016-10-13T06:31:14Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743368096 | ==Cortés' expedition==
===Commissioning the expedition===
[[Image:Conquest mexico 1519 21.png|thumb|300px|Map depicting Cortés' conquest route]]
Even before [[Juan de Grijalva]] returned to Spain, Velázquez decided to send a third and even larger expedition to explore the Mexican coast.<ref name=Hassig94>Hassig, Ross, ''Mexico and the Spanish Conquest''. Longman: London and New York, 1994. p. 45.</ref> [[Hernán Cortés]], then one of Velázquez's favorites and brother-in-law, was named as the commander, which created envy and resentment among the Spanish contingent in the Spanish colony.<ref name=Hassig94/> Velázquez's instructions to Cortés, in an agreement signed on 23 October 1518, were limited to leading an expedition to initiate trade relations with the indigenous coastal tribes, but no authorization for conquest or settlement.
One account suggests that Governor Velázquez wished to restrict the Cortés expedition to being a pure trading expedition. Invasion of the mainland was to be a privilege reserved for himself as the senior official in Cuba. However, by calling upon the knowledge of the law of Castile that Cortés likely gained while he was a student in Salamanca and by utilizing his powers of persuasion, Cortés was able to maneuver Governor Velázquez into inserting a clause into his orders that enabled Cortés to take emergency measures without prior authorization, if such were "...in the true interests of the realm." He was also named the chief military leader and chief magistrate (judge) of the expedition. Such licenses for expeditions allowed the crown to retain sovereignty over newly conquered lands while not risking its own assets in the enterprise. Spaniards with assets who were willing to risk them to increase their wealth and power could potentially gain even more.<ref name="Ida Altman 2003, p. 54">Ida Altman, S.L. (Sarah) Cline, ''The Early History of Greater Mexico,'' Pearson, 2003, p. 54</ref>
Cortés invested a considerable part of his personal fortune to equip the expedition and probably went into debt to borrow additional funds. Expeditions of exploration and conquest were business enterprises, with those investing the more in the enterprise receiving more rewards upon its success. Greater risk reaped greater rewards. Men who brought horses, ''caballeros'', received two shares of the spoils of war, one for the warrior himself, another because of the horse.<ref name="Ida Altman 2003, p. 54"/> When his assets were depleted, Governor Velázquez may have personally contributed nearly half the cost of the expedition.
The ostentatious nature of this operation and the rapidity of its commission probably added to the envy and resentment of the Spanish contingent in Cuba, who were keenly aware of the opportunity this assignment offered for fame, fortune and glory.
===Revoking the commission===
For this reason, Velázquez sent Luis de Medina with orders to replace Cortés. However, Cortés' brother-in-law allegedly had Medina intercepted and killed. The papers that Medina had been carrying were sent to Cortés. Thus warned, Cortés accelerated the organization and preparation of his expedition.<ref>Thomas, Hugh. ''Conquest: Montezuma, Cortés, and the fall of Old Mexico'' p. 141</ref>
Velázquez arrived at the [[Santiago de Cuba]] dock in person, "he and Cortes again embraced, with a great exchange of compliments", before Cortes set sail for [[Trinidad, Cuba]]. Velázquez then sent orders for the fleet to be held and Cortés taken prisoner. Nevertheless, Cortes set sail, beginning his conquest of New Spain with the legal status of a [[mutiny|mutineer]].<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|49,51,55–56}}
Cortés's contingent consisted of 11 ships carrying about 630 men (including 30 crossbowmen and 12 [[arquebusiers]], an early form of firearm), a doctor, several carpenters, at least eight women, a few hundred Cuban Arawak indigenous and some Africans, both freedmen and slaves. Although modern usage often calls the European participants "soldiers", the term is never used by these men themselves in any context, something that [[James Lockhart (historian)|James Lockhart]] realized when analyzing sixteenth-century legal records from conquest-era Peru.<ref>James Lockhart, ''Spanish Peru, 1532-1560.'', Madison: University of Wisconsin Press 1968.</ref>
===Cortés lands at Cozumel===
Cortés spent some time at [[Cozumel]] island, trying to convert the locals to Christianity and achieving mixed results. While at Cozumel, Cortés heard reports of other white men living in the Yucatán. Cortés sent messengers to these reported ''castilianos'', who turned out to be the survivors of a Spanish shipwreck that had occurred in 1511, [[Gerónimo de Aguilar]] and [[Gonzalo Guerrero]].
Aguilar petitioned his Maya chieftain to be allowed leave to join with his former countrymen, and he was released and made his way to Cortés's ships. According to Bernal Díaz, Aguilar relayed that before coming he had unsuccessfully attempted to convince Guerrero to leave as well. Guerrero declined on the basis that he was by now well-assimilated with the Maya culture, had a Maya wife and three children, and he was looked upon as a figure of rank within the Maya settlement of [[Chetumal]] where he lived.<ref>Guerrero is reported to have responded, ''"Brother Aguilar, I am married and have three children, and they look on me as a Cacique here, and a captain in time of war [...] But my face is tattooed and my ears are pierced. What would the Spaniards say if they saw me like this? And look how handsome these children of mine are!"'' (p.60).</ref>
Aguilar, now quite fluent in [[Yucatec Maya language|Maya]] as well as some other [[Mesoamerican languages|indigenous languages]], proved to be a valuable asset for Cortés as a translator - a skill of particular significance to the later conquest of the Aztec Empire that was to be the end result of Cortés' expedition.<ref>
Later in the voyage a young woman, [[La Malinche]], would be given to Cortés as a slave by the [[Chontal Maya people|Chontal Maya]] inhabitants of the [[Tabasco]] coast. La Malinche spoke [[Nahuatl language|Nahuatl]], the language of the Aztecs and a regional ''[[lingua franca]]'', as well as Chontal Maya, which was also understood by Aguilar. Cortés would be able to use the two of them to communicate with the central Mexican peoples and the Aztec court. See See ''The Conquest of New Spain'', pp.85–87.</ref>
===Cortés lands on the Yucatán peninsula===
[[Bernal Díaz del Castillo]] wrote in his account ''[[Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España|The True History of the Conquest of New Spain]]'' that Marina was "truly a great princess." Later the respectful title of Doña would be added to her baptized name.<ref name="Diaz"/>{{rp|80,82}}
Her lineage notwithstanding, Cortés had stumbled upon one of the keys to realizing his ambitions. He would speak to [[Gerónimo de Aguilar]] in Spanish who would then translate into Mayan for Marina. She would then translate from Mayan to Nahuatl, the language of the Aztecs. With this pair of translators, Cortés could now communicate to the Aztecs.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|86–87}} How effectively is still a matter of speculation, since Marina did not speak the dialect of the Aztecs nor was she familiar with the protocols of the Aztec nobility, who were renowned for their flowery, flattering talk.
Doña Marina quickly learned Spanish, and became Cortés's primary interpreter, confidant, consort, cultural translator, and the mother of his son, Martin.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|82}} Until Cortes's marriage to his second wife, a union which produced a legitimate son whom he also named Martin, Cortés's natural son with Marina was his heir.
Native speakers of Nahuatl would call her "Malintzin." This name is the closest phonetic approximation possible in Nahuatl to the sound of 'Marina' in Spanish. Over time, "[[La Malinche]]" (the modern Spanish cognate of 'Malintzin') became a term that denotes a traitor to one's people. To this day, the word ''[[malinchista]]'' is used by Mexicans to denote one who apes the language and customs of another country.<ref>{{cite web|last=Tuck |first=Jim |url=http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/history/jtuck/jtcortese.html |title=Affirmative action and Hernán Cortés (1485–1547) : Mexico History |publisher=Mexconnect.com |date=2008-10-09 |accessdate=2010-10-31}}</ref> It would not be until the late 20th century that a few feminist writers and academics would attempt to rehabilitate [[La Malinche]] as a woman who made the best of her situation and became, in most respects, the most powerful woman in the Western Hemisphere, as well as the founder of the modern Mexican nation.
[[Image:VillaRicaCoatArmsDF.JPG|thumb|upright|Coat of arms of Villa Rica, Veracruz. First town council founded by Spaniards. Tile mosaic located in [[Federal District buildings|Mexico City]].]]
Cortés landed his expedition force on the coast of the modern day state of [[Veracruz]] in April 1519. During this same period, soon after he arrived, Cortés was welcomed by representatives of the Aztec Emperor, Moctezuma II. Gifts were exchanged, and Cortés attempted to frighten the Aztec delegation with a display of his firepower.<ref name=Miguel/>{{rp|26}}<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|89–91}}
Faced with imprisonment or death for defying the governor, Cortés' only alternative was to continue on with his enterprise in the hope of redeeming himself with the Spanish Crown. To do this, he directed his men to establish a settlement called [[Veracruz (city)|La Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz]], or "True Cross", since they arrived on [[Maundy Thursday]] and landed on [[Good Friday]]. The legally constituted "[[regidor|town council]] of Villa Rica" then promptly offered him the position of [[adelantado]], or Chief Justice and Captain-General.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|102}}
This strategy was not unique.<ref>See: Restall, Matthew. Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest. Oxford University Press: Oxford and New York, 2003.</ref> Velásquez had used this same legal mechanism to free himself from [[Diego Columbus]]' authority in Cuba. In being named ''adelantado'' by a duly constituted [[cabildo (council)|cabildo]], Cortés was able to free himself from Velásquez's authority and continue his expedition. To ensure the legality of this action several members of his expedition, including [[Francisco Montejo]] and [[Alonso Hernandez Puertocarrero]], returned to Spain to seek [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|King Charles]] acceptance of the cabildo's declaration.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|127–128}}
He learned of an indigenous settlement called [[Cempoala]] and marched his forces there. On their arrival in Cempoala, they were greeted by 20 dignitaries and cheering townsfolk.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|88,107}} Cortés quickly persuaded the [[Totonac]] chiefs to rebel against the Aztecs, taking prisoner five of Moctezuma's tax collectors.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|111–113}} The Totonacs also helped Cortés build the town of Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz, which was the starting point for his attempt to conquer the Aztec empire.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|114}}
Hearing of the rebellion, more ambassadors from the Aztec Emperor returned to see Cortes, bearing gifts of "gold and cloth", in thankfulness for Cortes freeing his tax collectors. Montezuma also told Cortes, he was certain the Spanish were of "his own race", and had arrived as "his ancestors had foretold". As Cortes told his men, the natives "think us gods, or godlike beings."<ref name=Miguel/>{{rp|13,21,25,33,35}}<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|115–117}}
Although they attempted to dissuade Cortés from visiting Tenochtitlan, the lavish gifts and the polite, welcoming remarks only encouraged El Caudillo to continue his march on the capital of the empire.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|96,166}}
===Scuttling the fleet and aftermath===
Those of his men still loyal to the Governor of Cuba conspired to seize a ship and escape to Cuba, but Cortés moved swiftly to squash their plans. Two ringleaders were condemned to be hanged; two were lashed, and one had his foot mutilated. To make sure such a mutiny did not happen again, he decided to [[scuttling|scuttle]] his ships.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|128–130}}
There is a popular misconception that the ships were burned rather than sunk. This misconception has been attributed to the reference made by Cervantes de Salazar in 1546 as to Cortés burning his ships.<ref>Matthew Restall, "Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest", 2003</ref> This may have also come from a mistranslation of the version of the story written in Latin.<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/conquistadors/cortes/cortes_d00.html Cortés Burns His Boats] pbs.org</ref>
With all of his ships scuttled, Cortés effectively stranded the expedition in Mexico. However, it did not completely end the aspirations of those members of his company who remained loyal to the Governor of Cuba. Cortés then led his band inland towards the fabled Tenochtitlan.
===Alliance with Tlaxcala===
[[File:Tlaxcala - Palacio de Gobierno - Verhandlungen Spanier - Tlaxcalteken 2.jpg|thumb|Palacio de Gobierno, [[Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala|Tlaxcala city]]: Murals - Discussions between Tlaxcalans and Hernán Cortés.]]
The [[Otomi people|Otomis]] initially, and then the [[Tlaxcalans]] fought the Spanish in a series of three battles from 2 Sept. to 5 Sept. 1519, and at one point Diaz remarked, "they surrounded us on every side". After Cortés continued to release prisoners with messages of peace, and realizing the Spanish were enemies of Montezuma, [[Xicotencatl the Elder]], and [[Maxixcatzin]], persuaded the Tlaxcalan warleader, [[Xicotencatl the Younger]], that it would be better to ally with the newcomers than to kill them.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|143–155,171}}
The Tlaxcalans main city was Tlaxcala. After almost a century of fighting the [[Flower Wars]], a great deal of hatred and bitterness had developed between the Tlaxcalans and the Aztecs. The Aztecs had already conquered most of the territory around Tlaxcala, and made war on them every year.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|154}} It is possible that the Aztecs left Tlaxcala independent so that they would have a constant supply of war captives to sacrifice to their gods.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pbs.org/conquistadors/cortes/cortes_d00.html |title=Conquistadors - Cortés |publisher=PBS |date= |accessdate=2010-10-31}}</ref>
On 23 September 1519, Cortés arrived in Tlaxcala and was greeted with joy by the rulers, who saw the Spanish as an ally against the Aztecs. Due to a commercial blockade by the Aztecs, Tlaxcala was poor, lacking, among other things, both salt and cotton cloth, so they could only offer Cortés and his men food and slaves. Cortés stayed twenty days in Tlaxcala, giving his men time to recover from their wounds. Cortés seems to have won the true friendship and loyalty of the senior leaders of Tlaxcala, among them [[Maxixcatzin]] and [[Xicotencatl the Elder]], although he could not win the heart of [[Xicotencatl the Younger]]. The Spaniards agreed to respect parts of the city, like the temples, and reportedly took only the things that were offered to them freely.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|172–174}}
As before with other native groups, Cortés preached to the Tlaxcalan leaders about the benefits of Christianity. The ''Cacques'' gave Cortes "the most beautiful of their daughters and nieces". Xicotencatl the Elder's daughter was baptized as Dona Luisa, and Maxixcatzin's daughter was baptized as Dona Elvira. They were given by Cortes to [[Pedro de Alvarado]] and [[Juan Velazquez de Leon]] respectively.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|176–178}}
Legends say that he convinced the four leaders of Tlaxcala to become baptized. Maxixcatzin, Xicotencatl the Elder, Citalpopocatzin and Temiloltecutl received the names of Don Lorenzo, Don Vicente, Don Bartolomé and Don Gonzalo. It is impossible to know if these leaders understood the Catholic faith. In any event, they apparently had no problems in adding the Christian "Dios" ([[God]] in Spanish), the lord of the heavens, to their already complex [[Aztec mythology|pantheon of gods]].
An exchange of gifts was made and thus began the highly significant and effective alliance between Cortés and Tlaxcala.<ref>Hugh Tomas, ''The conquest of Mexico'', 1994.</ref>
===Cortés marches to Cholula===
Meanwhile, ambassadors from Moctezuma, who had been in the Spanish camp after the battles with the Tlaxcalans, continued to press Cortés to take the road to Mexico via [[Cholula (Mesoamerican site)|Cholula]], which was under Aztec control, rather than by Huexotzinco. They were surprised Cortes had stayed in [[Tlaxcala]] so long "among a poor and ill-bred people".<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|166,185–186}}
Cholula, founded in the year 2,{{Clarify|date=January 2012}} was one of the most important cities of Mesoamerica, the second largest, and probably the most sacred. Its huge pyramid (larger in volume than the great pyramids of Egypt) made it one of the most prestigious places of the Aztec religion. However, it appears that Cortés perceived Cholula more as a military threat to his rear guard as he marched to Tenochtitlan than a religious center. However, he sent emissaries first to try a diplomatic solution to entering the city.
Cortés, who had not yet decided to start a war with the Aztec Empire, decided to offer a compromise. He accepted the gifts of the Aztec ambassadors, but also accepted the offer of the Tlaxcalans to provide porters and 1000 warriors on his journey to Cholula. He also sent two men, [[Pedro de Alvarado]], and Bernardino Vázquez de Tapia, directly to Tenochtitlan, as ambassadors and to scout a route.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|186–188}}
===Massacre of Cholula===
There are contradictory reports about what happened at [[Cholula (Mesoamerican site)|Cholula]]. [[Moctezuma II|Moctezuma]] had apparently decided to resist with force the advance of Cortés and his troops, and it seems that Moctezuma ordered the leaders of Cholula to try to stop the Spaniards. Cholula had a very small army, because as a sacred city they put their confidence in their prestige and their gods. According to the chronicles of the Tlaxcalteca, the priests of Cholula expected to use the power of Quetzalcoatl, their primary god, against the invaders.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|193,199}}
Cortéz and his men entered Cholula without active resistance. However, they were not met by the city leaders and were not given food and drink on the third day.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|192}} Cempoalans reported that fortifications were being constructed around the city.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|193}} The Tlaxcalans were also warning the Spaniards.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|193}} Finally, [[La Malinche]] informed Cortés, after talking to the wife of one of the lords of Cholula, that the locals planned to murder the Spaniards in their sleep.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|196}} Although he did not know if the rumor was true or not, Cortés ordered a pre-emptive strike, urged on by the Tlaxcalans, the enemies of the Cholulans. Cortés confronted the city leaders in the main temple alleging that they were planning to attack his men. They admitted that they had been ordered to resist by Moctezuma, but they claimed they had not followed his orders. Regardless, on command, the Spaniards seized and killed many of the local nobles to serve as a lesson.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|199}}
They seized the Cholulan leaders Tlaquiach and Tlalchiac and then ordered the city set fire. The troops started in the palace of Xacayatzin, and then on to Chialinco and Yetzcoloc. In letters to his King, Cortés claimed that in three hours time his troops (helped by the Tlaxcalans) killed 3,000 people and burned the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://library.thinkquest.org/16325/y-conq.html |title=Empires Past: Aztecs: Conquest |publisher=Library.thinkquest.org |date= |accessdate=2010-10-31}}</ref> Another witness, Vázquez de Tapia, claimed the death toll was as high as 30,000. Of course, the reports by the Spaniards were usually gross exaggerations. Since the women and children, and many men, had already fled the city,<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|200–201}} it is unlikely that so many were killed. Regardless, the massacre of the nobility of Cholula was a notorious chapter in the conquest of Mexico.
The Azteca and Tlaxclateca histories of the events leading up to the massacre differ. The Tlaxcalteca claimed that their ambassador Patlahuatzin was sent to Cholula and had been tortured by the Cholula. Thus, Cortés was avenging him by attacking Cholula.<ref name=Miguel/>{{rp|46–47}}(Historia de Tlaxcala, por Diego Muñoz Camargo, lib. II cap. V. 1550).
The Azteca version put the blame on the Tlaxcalteca claiming that they resented Cortés going to Cholula instead of Huexotzingo.<ref>''Informantes de Sahagún: Códice Florentino'', lib. XII, cap. X.; Spanish version by Angel Ma. Garibay K.</ref>
The massacre had a chilling effect on the other city states and groups affiliated with the Aztecs, as well as the Aztecs themselves. Tales of the massacre convinced the other cities in the Aztec Empire to entertain seriously Cortés' proposals rather than risk the same fate.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|203}}
In one of his responses to Cortés, Moctezuma blamed the commanders of the local Aztec garrison for the resistance in Cholula, and recognizing that his long-standing attempts to dissuade Cortés from coming to Tenochtitlan with gifts of gold and silver had failed, Moctezuma finally invited the Spaniards to visit his capital city, according to Spanish sources.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|205–206}}
===Tenochtitlan===
[[Image:Monumento de Moctezuma y Hernan Cortés.jpg|thumb|Meeting place of Montezuma and Hernán Cortés]]
[[File:Cortez & La Malinche.jpg|thumb|Cortes and his counselor, the Nahua woman [[La Malinche]] meet Moctezuma in Tenochtitlan, 8 November 1519.]]
On 8 November 1519 after the fall of Cholula, Cortés and his forces entered [[Tenochtitlan]], the island capital of the Mexica-Aztecs.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|219}} It is believed that the city was one of the largest in the world at that time.{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}} Of all the cities in Europe, only [[Constantinople]] was larger than Tenochtitlan. The most common estimates put the population at around 60,000 to over 300,000 people. The largest city in Spain, for example, was Seville, which had a population of only 30,000.
====Cortés welcomed by Montezuma====
Accordings to the Aztec chronicles recorded by [[Bernardino de Sahagún|Sahagún]], the Aztec ruler [[Moctezuma II]] welcomed Hernán Cortés, El [[Caudillo]], with great pomp. Sahagún reports that Moctezuma welcomed Cortés to Tenochtitlan on the Great Causeway.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|216–217}} "The chiefs who accompanied Moctcuhzoma were: [[Cacama]], king of [[Texcoco (altepetl)]]; [[Tetlepanquetzal]]tin, king of [[Tlacopan]], Itzcuauhtzin the [[Tlacochcalcatl]], lord of [[Tlatelolco (altepetl)]]; and Topantemoc, Motechzoma's treasurer in Tlatelolco."<ref name=Miguel/>{{rp|65}}
A fragment of the greetings of Moctezuma says: ''"My lord, you have become fatigued, you have become tired: to the land you have arrived. You have come to your city: Mexico, here you have come to sit on your place, on your throne. Oh, it has been reserved to you for a small time, it was conserved by those who have gone, your substitutes... This is what has been told by our rulers, those of whom governed this city, ruled this city. That you would come to ask for your throne, your place, that you would come here. Come to the land, come and rest: take possession of your royal houses, give food to your body."''<ref name=Miguel/>{{rp|64}}<ref>Anonymous informants of Sahagún, Florentine codex, book XII, chapter XVI, translation from Nahuatl by Angel Ma. Garibay.</ref>
According to Sahagún's manuscript, Moctezuma personally dressed Cortes and his commanders with flowers.<ref name=Miguel/>{{rp|63}} In turn, Cortés attempted to embrace the Emperor but was restrained by a courtier.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|218}}
This contradiction between "the arrogant emperor' and the "humble servant of Quetzalcoatl" has been problematic for historians to explain and has led to much speculation. However, all the proscriptions and prohibitions regarding Moctezuma and his court had been established by Moctezuma and were not part of traditional Aztec customs. Those prohibitions had already caused friction between Moctezuma and the pillis (noble classes). There is even an Aztec legend in which Huemac, the legendary last lord of Tollan Xicotitlan, instructed Moctezuma to live humbly and eat only the food of the poor, to divert a future catastrophe. Thus, it seems out of character for Moctezuma to violate rules that he himself had promulgated. Yet, as supreme ruler, he had the power to break his own rules.
Moctezuma had the royal palace of [[Axayacatl|Axayácatl]], Moctezuma's father, prepared for Cortes.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|218}} Later the same day that the Spanish expedition and their allies entered Tenochtitlan, Moctezuma came to visit Cortés and his men. What happened in this second meeting remains controversial. According to several Spanish versions, some written years or decades later, Moctezuma first repeated his earlier, flowery welcome to Cortés on the Great Causeway, but then went on to explain his view of what the Spanish expedition represented in terms of Aztec tradition and lore, including the idea that Cortés and his men (pale, bearded men from the east) were the return of characters from Aztec legend.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|220–221}}
At the end of this explanation, the Emperor pledged his fealty to the King of Spain and accepted Cortés as the King's representative. According to Diaz, Moctezuma said to Cortes, "As for your great king, I am in his debt and will give him of what I possess."<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|223}}
While in the Axayacatl palace, the Spaniards discovered the secret room where Moctezuma kept the treasure he had inherited from his father. The treasure consisted of a "quantity of golden objects - jewels and plates and ingots". Diaz noted, "The sight of all that wealth dumbfounded me."<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|218,242}}
The Mexica then killed seven Spanish soldiers Cortes had left on the coast, including Cortes' Villa Rica Constable Juan de Escalante, and many Totonacs. Cortés along with five of his captains and Dona Marina and Aguilar, convinced Moctezuma to "come quietly with us to our quarters, and make no protest...if you cry out, or raise any commotion, you will immediately be killed." Moctezuma was later implicated by [[Qualpopoca]] and his captains, who had killed the Spanish soldiers. Though these captains of Moctezuma were sentenced to be "burned to death", Moctezuma continued to remain a prisoner, fearing a "rebellion in his city" or that the Spanish may "try to set up another prince in his place." This, despite Moctezuma's chieftains, nephews and relations suggesting they should attack the Spanish.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|243–249}}
As of 14 November 1519, Moctezuma was Cortes' prisoner as insurance against any further resistance, until the end of May 1520, Moctezuma lived with Cortés in the palace of [[Axayacatl|Axayácatl]]. | 2016-10-09T09:14:39Z | == Cortés' expedition ==
=== Commissioning the expedition ===
[[File:Conquest mexico 1519 21.png|thumb|300px|Map depicting Cortés' conquest route]]
Even before [[Juan de Grijalva]] returned to Spain, Velázquez decided to send a third and even larger expedition to explore the Mexican coast.<ref name=Hassig94>Hassig, Ross, ''Mexico and the Spanish Conquest''. Longman: London and New York, 1994. p. 45</ref> [[Hernán Cortés]], then one of Velázquez's favorites and brother-in-law, was named as the commander, which created envy and resentment among the Spanish contingent in the Spanish colony.<ref name=Hassig94/> Velázquez's instructions to Cortés, in an agreement signed on 23 October 1518, were limited to leading an expedition to initiate trade relations with the indigenous coastal tribes, but no authorization for conquest or settlement.
One account suggests that Governor Velázquez wished to restrict the Cortés expedition to being a pure trading expedition. Invasion of the mainland was to be a privilege reserved for himself as the senior official in Cuba. However, by calling upon the knowledge of the law of Castile that Cortés likely gained while he was a student in Salamanca and by utilizing his powers of persuasion, Cortés was able to maneuver Governor Velázquez into inserting a clause into his orders that enabled Cortés to take emergency measures without prior authorization, if such were "...in the true interests of the realm." He was also named the chief military leader and chief magistrate (judge) of the expedition. Such licenses for expeditions allowed the Crown to retain sovereignty over newly conquered lands while not risking its own assets in the enterprise. Spaniards with assets who were willing to risk them to increase their wealth and power could potentially gain even more.<ref name="Ida Altman 2003, p. 54">Ida Altman, S.L. (Sarah) Cline, ''The Early History of Greater Mexico,'' Pearson, 2003, p. 54</ref>
Cortés invested a considerable part of his personal fortune to equip the expedition and probably went into debt to borrow additional funds. Expeditions of exploration and conquest were business enterprises, with those investing more in the enterprise receiving higher rewards upon its success; greater risk reaped greater rewards. Men who brought horses, ''caballeros'', received two shares of the spoils of war, one for the warrior himself, another because of the horse.<ref name="Ida Altman 2003, p. 54"/> When Cortés' assets were depleted, Governor Velázquez may have personally contributed nearly half the cost of the expedition.
The ostentatious nature of this operation and the swiftness of its commission probably added to the envy and resentment of the Spanish contingent in Cuba, who were keenly aware of the opportunity this assignment offered for fame, fortune and glory.
=== Revoking the commission ===
Therefore, Velázquez sent Luis de Medina with orders to replace Cortés. However, Cortés' brother-in-law allegedly had Medina intercepted and killed. The papers that Medina had been carrying were sent to Cortés. Thus warned, Cortés accelerated the organization and preparation of his expedition.<ref>Thomas, Hugh. ''Conquest: Montezuma, Cortés, and the fall of Old Mexico'' p. 141</ref>
Velázquez arrived at the dock in [[Santiago de Cuba]] in person, "he and Cortes again embraced, with a great exchange of compliments", before Cortes set sail for [[Trinidad, Cuba]]. Velázquez then sent orders for the fleet to be held and Cortés taken prisoner. Nevertheless, Cortes set sail, beginning his conquest of New Spain with the legal status of a [[mutiny|mutineer]].<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|49,51,55–56}}
Cortés's contingent consisted of 11 ships carrying about 630 men (including 30 crossbowmen and 12 [[arquebusiers]], an early form of firearm), a doctor, several carpenters, at least eight women, a few hundred Cuban Arawaks and some Africans, both freedmen and slaves. Although modern usage often calls the European participants "soldiers", the term was never used by these men themselves in any context, something that [[James Lockhart (historian)|James Lockhart]] realized when analyzing sixteenth-century legal records from conquest-era Peru.<ref>James Lockhart, ''Spanish Peru, 1532-1560.'', Madison: University of Wisconsin Press 1968.</ref>
=== Cortés lands at Cozumel ===
Cortés spent some time at the island of [[Cozumel]], on the east coast of Yucatán, trying to convert the locals to Christianity, something that provided mixed results. While at Cozumel, Cortés heard reports of other white men living in the Yucatán. Cortés sent messengers to these reported ''castilianos'', who turned out to be the survivors of a Spanish shipwreck that had occurred in 1511, [[Gerónimo de Aguilar]] and [[Gonzalo Guerrero]].
Aguilar petitioned his Maya chieftain to be allowed to join his former countrymen, and he was released and made his way to Cortés's ships. According to Bernal Díaz, Aguilar relayed that before coming, he had attempted to convince Guerrero to leave as well. Guerrero declined on the basis that he was by now well-assimilated with the Maya culture, had a Maya wife and three children, and he was looked upon as a figure of rank within the Maya settlement of [[Chetumal]], where he lived.<ref>Guerrero is reported to have responded, ''"Brother Aguilar, I am married and have three children, and they look at me as a Cacique here, and a captain in time of war [...] But my face is tattooed and my ears are pierced. What would the Spaniards say if they saw me like this? And look how handsome these children of mine are!"'' (p. 60)</ref>
Aguilar, now quite fluent in [[Yucatec Maya language|Maya]], as well as some other [[Mesoamerican languages|indigenous languages]], proved to be a valuable asset for Cortés as a translator - a skill of particular significance to the later conquest of the Aztec Empire that was to be the end result of Cortés' expedition.<ref>Later in the voyage a young woman, [[La Malinche]], would be given to Cortés as a slave by the [[Chontal Maya people|Chontal Maya]] inhabitants of the [[Tabasco]] coast. La Malinche spoke [[Nahuatl language|Nahuatl]], the language of the Aztec and a regional ''[[lingua franca]]'', as well as Chontal Maya, which was also understood by Aguilar. Cortés would be able to use the two of them to communicate with the central Mexican peoples and the Aztec court. See ''The Conquest of New Spain'', pp. 85–87</ref>
=== Cortés lands on the Yucatán peninsula ===
[[Bernal Díaz del Castillo]] wrote in his account ''[[Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España|The True History of the Conquest of New Spain]]'' that Marina was "truly a great princess." Later, the honorific Spanish title of Doña would be added to her baptized name.<ref name="Diaz"/>{{rp|80,82}}
Her lineage notwithstanding, Cortés had stumbled upon one of the keys to realizing his ambitions. He would speak to [[Gerónimo de Aguilar]] in Spanish who would then translate into Mayan for Marina. She would then translate from Mayan to Nahuatl. With this pair of translators, Cortés could now communicate to the Aztecs.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|86–87}} How effectively is still a matter of speculation, since Marina did not speak the dialect of the Aztecs, nor was she familiar with the protocols of the Aztec nobility, who were renowned for their flowery, flattering talk.
Doña Marina quickly learned Spanish, and became Cortés's primary interpreter, confidant, consort, cultural translator, and the mother of his son, Martin.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|82}} Until Cortes's marriage to his second wife, a union which produced a legitimate son whom he also named Martin, Cortés's natural son with Marina was the heir of his envisaged fortunes.
Native speakers of Nahuatl would call her "Malintzin." This name is the closest phonetic approximation possible in Nahuatl to the sound of 'Marina' in Spanish. Over time, "[[La Malinche]]" (the modern Spanish cognate of 'Malintzin') became a term that describes a traitor to one's people. To this day, the word ''[[malinchista]]'' is used by Mexicans to denote one who apes the language and customs of another country.<ref>{{cite web|last=Tuck |first=Jim |url=http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/history/jtuck/jtcortese.html |title=Affirmative action and Hernán Cortés (1485–1547) : Mexico History |publisher=Mexconnect.com |date=2008-10-09 |accessdate=2010-10-31}}</ref> It would not be until the late 20th century that a few feminist writers and academics would attempt to rehabilitate [[La Malinche]] as a woman who made the best of her situation and became, in most respects, the most powerful woman in the Western Hemisphere, as well as the founder of the modern Mexican nation.{{cn|date=October 2016}}
[[File:VillaRicaCoatArmsDF.JPG|thumb|upright|Coat of arms of Villa Rica, Veracruz; the first town council founded by the Spanish. The tile mosaic is located in [[Federal District buildings|Mexico City]].]]
Cortés landed his expedition force on the coast of the modern day state of [[Veracruz]] in April 1519. During this same period, soon after he arrived, Cortés was welcomed by representatives of the Aztec Emperor, Moctezuma II. Gifts were exchanged, and Cortés attempted to frighten the Aztec delegation with a display of his firepower.<ref name=Miguel/>{{rp|26}}<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|89–91}}
Faced with imprisonment or death for defying the governor, Cortés' only alternative was to continue his enterprise in the hope of redeeming himself with the Spanish Crown. To do this, he directed his men to establish a settlement called [[Veracruz (city)|La Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz]], or "True Cross", since they arrived on [[Maundy Thursday]] and landed on [[Good Friday]]. The legally constituted "[[regidor|town council]] of Villa Rica" then promptly offered him the position of [[adelantado]], or Chief Justice and Captain-General.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|102}}
This strategy was not unique.<ref>See: Restall, Matthew. Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest. Oxford University Press: Oxford and New York, 2003.</ref> Velásquez had used this same legal mechanism to free himself from [[Diego Columbus]]' authority in Cuba. In being named ''adelantado'' by a duly constituted [[cabildo (council)|cabildo]], Cortés was able to free himself from Velásquez's authority and continue his expedition. To ensure the legality of this action, several members of his expedition, including [[Francisco Montejo]] and [[Alonso Hernandez Puertocarrero]], returned to Spain to seek acceptance of the cabildo's declaration with [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|King Charles]].<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|127–128}}
Cortés learned of an indigenous settlement called [[Cempoala]] and marched his forces there. On their arrival in Cempoala, they were greeted by 20 dignitaries and cheering townsfolk.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|88,107}} Cortés quickly persuaded the [[Totonac]] chiefs to rebel against the Aztecs, taking prisoner five of Moctezuma's tax collectors.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|111–113}} The Totonacs also helped Cortés build the town of Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz, which was the starting point for his attempt to conquer the Aztec Empire.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|114}}
Hearing of the rebellion, more ambassadors from the Aztec Emperor returned to see Cortés, bearing gifts of "gold and cloth", in thankfulness for Cortes freeing his tax collectors. Montezuma also told Cortés, he was certain the Spanish were of "his own race", and had arrived as "his ancestors had foretold". As Cortés told his men, the natives "think of us as gods, or godlike beings."<ref name=Miguel/>{{rp|13,21,25,33,35}}<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|115–117}}
Although they attempted to dissuade Cortés from visiting Tenochtitlan, the lavish gifts and the polite, welcoming remarks only encouraged ''[[El Caudillo]]'' to continue his march towards the capital of the empire.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|96,166}}
=== Scuttling the fleet and aftermath ===
Those of his men still loyal to the Governor of Cuba conspired to seize a ship and escape to Cuba, but Cortés moved swiftly to squash their plans. Two ringleaders were condemned to be hanged; two were lashed, and one had his foot mutilated. To make sure such a mutiny did not happen again, he decided to [[scuttling|scuttle]] his ships.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|128–130}}
There is a popular misconception that the ships were burned rather than sunk. This misconception has been attributed to the reference made by [[Cervantes de Salazár]] in 1546, as to Cortés burning his ships.<ref>Matthew Restall, "Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest", 2003</ref> This may have also come from a mistranslation of the version of the story written in Latin.<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/conquistadors/cortes/cortes_d00.html Cortés Burns His Boats] pbs.org</ref>
With all of his ships scuttled, Cortés effectively stranded the expedition in central Mexico. However, it did not completely end the aspirations of those members of his company who remained loyal to the Governor of Cuba. Cortés then led his band inland towards the fabled Tenochtitlan.
=== Alliance with Tlaxcala ===
[[File:Tlaxcala - Palacio de Gobierno - Verhandlungen Spanier - Tlaxcalteken 2.jpg|thumb|Palacio de Gobierno, [[Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala|Tlaxcala city]]: Murals - Discussions between Tlaxcalans and Hernán Cortés]]
The [[Otomi people|Otomi]] initially, and then the [[Tlaxcalans]] fought the Spanish in a series of three battles from 2 to 5 September, 1519, and at one point Diaz remarked, "they surrounded us on every side". After Cortés continued to release prisoners with messages of peace, and realizing the Spanish were enemies of Montezuma, [[Xicotencatl the Elder]], and [[Maxixcatzin]], persuaded the Tlaxcalan warleader, [[Xicotencatl the Younger]], that it would be better to ally with the newcomers than to kill them.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|143–155,171}}
The Tlaxcalans main city was Tlaxcala. After almost a century of fighting the [[Flower Wars]], a great deal of hatred and bitterness had developed between the Tlaxcalans and the Aztecs. The Aztecs had already conquered most of the territory around Tlaxcala, and waged war on them every year.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|154}} It has been suggested that the Aztecs left Tlaxcala independent so that they would have a constant supply of war captives to sacrifice to their gods.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pbs.org/conquistadors/cortes/cortes_d00.html |title=Conquistadors - Cortés |publisher=PBS |date= |accessdate=2010-10-31}}</ref>
On 23 September 1519, Cortés arrived in Tlaxcala and was greeted with joy by the rulers, who saw the Spanish as an ally against the Aztecs. Due to a commercial blockade by the Aztecs, Tlaxcala was poor, lacking, among other things, salt and cotton cloths, so they could only offer Cortés and his men food and slaves. Cortés stayed twenty days in Tlaxcala, giving his men time to recover from their wounds from the battles. Cortés seems to have won the true friendship and loyalty of the senior leaders of Tlaxcala, among them [[Maxixcatzin]] and [[Xicotencatl the Elder]], although he could not win the heart of [[Xicotencatl the Younger]]. The Spaniards agreed to respect parts of the city, like the temples, and reportedly took only the things that were offered to them freely.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|172–174}}
As before with other native groups, Cortés preached to the Tlaxcalan leaders about the benefits of Christianity. The ''Cacques'' gave Cortes "the most beautiful of their daughters and nieces". Xicotencatl the Elder's daughter was baptized as Doña Luisa, and Maxixcatzin's daughter as Doña Elvira. They were given by Cortés to [[Pedro de Alvarado]] and [[Juan Velazquez de Leon]] respectively.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|176–178}}
Legends say that he convinced the four leaders of Tlaxcala to become baptized. Maxixcatzin, Xicotencatl the Elder, Citalpopocatzin and Temiloltecutl received the names of Don Lorenzo, Don Vicente, Don Bartolomé and Don Gonzalo. It is impossible to know if these leaders understood the Catholic faith. In any case, they apparently had no problems in adding the Christian "Dios" ([[God]] in Spanish), the lord of the heavens, to their already complex [[Aztec mythology|pantheon of gods]]. An exchange of gifts was made and thus began the highly significant and effective alliance between Cortés and Tlaxcala.<ref>Hugh Tomas, ''The conquest of Mexico'', 1994</ref>
=== Cortés marches to Cholula ===
Meanwhile, Moctezuma's ambassadors, who had been in the Spanish camp after the battles with the Tlaxcalans, continued to press Cortés to take the road to Mexico via [[Cholula (Mesoamerican site)|Cholula]], which was under Aztec control, rather than over [[Huexotzinco]]. They were surprised Cortés had stayed in [[Tlaxcala]] so long "among a poor and ill-bred people".<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|166,185–186}}
Cholula, founded in the year 2,{{Clarify|date=January 2012}} was one of the most important cities of Mesoamerica, the second largest, and probably the most sacred.{{cn|date=October 2016}} Its huge pyramid (larger in volume than the great pyramids of Egypt){{cn|date=October 2016}} made it one of the most prestigious places of the [[Aztec religion]]. However, it appears that Cortés perceived Cholula more as a military threat to his rear guard as he marched to Tenochtitlan than a religious center. He sent emissaries ahead to try a diplomatic solution to enter the city.
Cortés, who had not yet decided to start a war with the Aztec Empire, decided to offer a compromise. He accepted the gifts of the Aztec ambassadors, and at the same time accepted the offer of the Tlaxcalans to provide porters and 1000 warriors on his journey to Cholula. He also sent two men, [[Pedro de Alvarado]], and Bernardino Vázquez de Tapia, directly to Tenochtitlan, as ambassadors and to scout for an appropriate route.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|186–188}}
=== Massacre of Cholula ===
There are contradictory reports about what happened at [[Cholula (Mesoamerican site)|Cholula]]. [[Moctezuma II|Moctezuma]] had apparently decided to resist with force the advance of Cortés and his troops, and it seems that Moctezuma ordered the leaders of Cholula to try to stop the Spanish. Cholula had a very small army, because as a sacred city they put their confidence in their prestige and their gods. According to the chronicles of the Tlaxcalteca, the priests of Cholula expected to use the power of Quetzalcoatl, their primary god, against the invaders.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|193,199}}
Cortés and his men entered Cholula without active resistance. However, they were not met by the city leaders and were not given food and drink on the third day.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|192}} Cempoalans reported that fortifications were being constructed around the city and the Tlaxcalans were warning the Spaniards.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|193}} Finally, [[La Malinche]] informed Cortés, after talking to the wife of one of the lords of Cholula, that the locals planned to murder the Spanish in their sleep.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|196}} Although he did not know if the rumor was true or not, Cortés ordered a [[pre-emptive strike]], urged by the Tlaxcalans, the enemies of the Cholulans. Cortés confronted the city leaders in the main temple alleging that they were planning to attack his men. They admitted that they had been ordered to resist by Moctezuma, but they claimed they had not followed his orders. Regardless, on command, the Spaniards seized and killed many of the local nobles to serve as a lesson.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|199}}
They captured the Cholulan leaders [[Tlaquiach]] and [[Tlalchiac]] and then ordered the city to be set on fire. The troops started in the palace of [[Xacayatzin]], and then on to [[Chialinco]] and [[Yetzcoloc]]. In letters to his King, Cortés claimed that in three hours time his troops (helped by the Tlaxcalans) killed 3,000 people and had burned the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://library.thinkquest.org/16325/y-conq.html |title=Empires Past: Aztecs: Conquest |publisher=Library.thinkquest.org |date= |accessdate=2010-10-31}}</ref> Another witness, Vázquez de Tapia, claimed the death toll was as high as 30,000. Of course, the reports by the Spaniards were usually gross exaggerations. Since the women and children, and many men, had already fled the city,<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|200–201}} it is unlikely that so many were killed. Regardless, the massacre of the nobility of Cholula was a notorious chapter in the conquest of Mexico.
The Azteca and Tlaxcalteca histories of the events leading up to the massacre vary; the Tlaxcalteca claimed that their ambassador Patlahuatzin was sent to Cholula and had been tortured by the Cholula. Thus, Cortés was avenging him by attacking Cholula.<ref name=Miguel/>{{rp|46–47}}(Historia de Tlaxcala, por Diego Muñoz Camargo, lib. II cap. V. 1550).
The Azteca version put the blame on the Tlaxcalteca, claiming that they resented Cortés going to Cholula instead of Huexotzingo.<ref>''Informantes de Sahagún: Códice Florentino'', lib. XII, cap. X.; Spanish version by Angel Ma. Garibay K.</ref>
The massacre had a chilling effect on the other city states and groups affiliated with the Aztecs, as well as the Aztecs themselves. Tales of the massacre convinced the other cities in the Aztec Empire to entertain seriously Cortés' proposals rather than risk the same fate.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|203}}
In one of his responses to Cortés, Moctezuma blamed the commanders of the local Aztec garrison for the resistance in Cholula, and recognizing that his long-standing attempts to dissuade Cortés from coming to Tenochtitlan with gifts of gold and silver had failed, Moctezuma finally invited the conquistadors to visit his capital city, according to Spanish sources.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|205–206}}
=== Tenochtitlan ===
[[File:Monumento de Moctezuma y Hernan Cortés.jpg|thumb|Meeting place of Montezuma and Hernán Cortés]]
[[File:Cortez & La Malinche.jpg|thumb|Cortes and his counselor, the Nahua woman [[La Malinche]], meet Moctezuma in Tenochtitlan, 8 November 1519]]
On 8 November 1519, after the fall of Cholula, Cortés and his forces entered [[Tenochtitlan]], the island capital of the Mexica-Aztecs.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|219}} It is believed that the city was one of the largest in the world at that time.{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}} Of all the cities in Europe, only [[Constantinople]] was larger than Tenochtitlan. The most common estimates put the population at around 60,000 to over 300,000 people. The largest city in Spain, for example, was Seville, which had a population of only 30,000.{{cn|date=October 2016}}
==== Cortés welcomed by Montezuma ====
Accordings to the Aztec chronicles recorded by [[Bernardino de Sahagún|Sahagún]], the Aztec ruler [[Moctezuma II]] welcomed Hernán Cortés, El [[Caudillo]], with great pomp.{{clarify|pomp?|date=October 2016}} Sahagún reports that Moctezuma welcomed Cortés to Tenochtitlan on the Great Causeway.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|216–217}} "The chiefs who accompanied Moctcuhzoma were: [[Cacama]], king of [[Texcoco (altepetl)]]; [[Tetlepanquetzal]]tin, king of [[Tlacopan]], Itzcuauhtzin the [[Tlacochcalcatl]], lord of [[Tlatelolco (altepetl)]]; and Topantemoc, Motechzoma's treasurer in Tlatelolco."<ref name=Miguel/>{{rp|65}}
A fragment of the greetings of Moctezuma says: ''"My lord, you have become fatigued, you have become tired: to the land you have arrived. You have come to your city: Mexico, here you have come to sit on your place, on your throne. Oh, it has been reserved to you for a small time, it was conserved by those who have gone, your substitutes... This is what has been told by our rulers, those of whom governed this city, ruled this city. That you would come to ask for your throne, your place, that you would come here. Come to the land, come and rest: take possession of your royal houses, give food to your body."''<ref name=Miguel/>{{rp|64}}<ref>Anonymous informants of Sahagún, Florentine Codex, book XII, chapter XVI, translation from Nahuatl by Angel Ma. Garibay</ref>
According to Sahagún's manuscript, Moctezuma personally dressed Cortés and his commanders with flowers.<ref name=Miguel/>{{rp|63}} In turn, Cortés attempted to embrace the Emperor, but was restrained by a courtier.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|218}}
This contradiction between "the arrogant emperor' and the "humble servant of Quetzalcoatl" has been problematic for historians to explain and has led to much speculation. However, all the proscriptions and prohibitions regarding Moctezuma and his court had been established by Moctezuma and were not part of traditional Aztec customs. Those prohibitions had already caused friction between Moctezuma and the pillis (noble classes). There is even an Aztec legend in which [[Huemac]], the legendary last lord of Tollan Xicotitlan, instructed Moctezuma to live humbly and eat only the food of the poor, to divert a future catastrophe. Thus, it seems out of character for Moctezuma to violate rules that he himself had promulgated. Yet, as supreme ruler, he had the power to break his own rules.{{cn|October 2016}}
Moctezuma had the royal palace of [[Axayacatl|Axayácatl]], Moctezuma's father, prepared for Cortés.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|218}} On the same day that the Spanish expedition and their allies entered Tenochtitlan, Moctezuma came to visit Cortés and his men. What happened in this second meeting remains controversial. According to several Spanish versions, some written years or decades later, Moctezuma first repeated his earlier, flowery welcome to Cortés on the Great Causeway, but then went on to explain his view of what the Spanish expedition represented in terms of Aztec tradition and lore, including the idea that Cortés and his men (pale, bearded men from the east) were the return of characters from Aztec legend.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|220–221}} At the end of this explanation, the Emperor pledged his loyalty to the King of Spain and accepted Cortés as the King's representative. According to Diaz, Moctezuma said to Cortes, "As for your great King, I am in his debt and will give him of what I possess."<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|223}}
While in the Axayacatl palace, the conquistadors discovered the secret room where Moctezuma kept the treasure he had inherited from his father. The treasure consisted of a "quantity of golden objects - jewels and plates and ingots". Diaz noted, "The sight of all that wealth dumbfounded me."<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|218,242}}
The Mexica then killed seven Spanish soldiers Cortés had left on the coast, including Cortes' Villa Rica Constable [[Juan de Escalante]], and many Totonacs. Cortés along with five of his captains and Doña Marina and Aguilar, convinced Moctezuma to "come quietly with us to our quarters, and make no protest...if you cry out, or raise any commotion, you will immediately be killed." Moctezuma was later implicated by [[Qualpopoca]] and his captains, who had killed the Spanish soldiers. Though these captains of Moctezuma were sentenced to be "burned to death", Moctezuma continued to remain a prisoner, fearing a "rebellion in his city" or that the Spanish may "try to set up another prince in his place." This, despite Moctezuma's chieftains, nephews and relations suggesting they should attack the Spanish.<ref name=Diaz/>{{rp|243–249}}
As of 14 November 1519, Moctezuma was Cortés' prisoner as insurance against any further resistance, until the end of May 1520, Moctezuma lived with Cortés in the palace of [[Axayacatl|Axayácatl]]. | 2016-10-09T10:05:11Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741523546 | '''Three card poker''' is a casino [[table game]] based on [[poker]]. It is the most profitable proprietary table game ever when measured by win generated for casinos or by revenue generated for the rights owners.
The casino variant of Three Card Poker was first "invented" by Derek Webb in 1994. He had a vision for a game that combined the excitement of poker and the speed of regular casino games. It was important to Webb that he got the mix of three important factors for any casino game correct; the game rules were easy to understand, the payouts were large enough to attract players and the house edge was enough that casino owners would be interested in adopting the game. | 2016-09-28T01:38:38Z | '''Three card poker''' is a casino [[table game]] based on [[poker]]. It is the most profitable proprietary table game ever when measured by win generated for casinos or by revenue generated for the rights owners. {{fact}}
The casino variant of Three Card Poker was first "invented" by Derek Webb in 1994. {{fact}}He had a vision{{fact}} for a game that combined the excitement of poker and the speed of regular casino games. It was important to Webb that he got the mix of three important factors for any casino game correct; the game rules were easy to understand, the payouts were large enough to attract players and the house edge was enough that casino owners would be interested in adopting the game. | 2016-09-28T01:39:53Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742305007 | On October 2, 2016 Paxton Lynch played in his first NFL regular season game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers taking over for the injured Trevor Siemian where he threw his first Touchdown to begin his Hall of Fame career. | 2016-10-02T22:46:38Z | On October 2, 2016 Paxton Lynch played in his first NFL regular season game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers taking over for the injured Trevor Siemian where he threw his first Touchdown as an NFL quarterback | 2016-10-02T22:49:13Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742782753 | Sarthak Sardana (born 24 July 1988) better known by his stage name Sartek is a DJ from India, and music producer. He is best known to be the first Indian DJ on Hardwell's Revealed Recordings and to have all the releases on Beatport Top 100 charts. He was also the opening act for Armin Van Buuren, Martin Garrix, Steve Aoki Axwell, Nicky Romero and many more during their India tour. | 2016-10-05T19:16:48Z | '''Sarthak Sardana''' (born 24 July 1988), better known by his stage name '''Sartek''', is a DJ from [[India]], and music producer. He is best known to be the first Indian DJ on Hardwell's [[Revealed Recordings]] and to have all the releases on [[Beatport]] Top 100 charts. He was also the opening act for [[Armin Van Buuren]], [[Martin Garrix]], [[Steve Aoki]], [[Axwell]], [[Nicky Romero]] and many more during their India tour. | 2016-10-05T19:21:21Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741650846 | '''Belk, Inc.''' (stylized as '''belk''') is an upscale [[department store]] chain founded in 1888 by William Henry Belk in [[Monroe, North Carolina]] with 300 locations in 16 states. Belk stores and Belk.com offers apparel, shoes, accessories, cosmetics, home furnishings, and wedding registry. | 2016-09-28T21:01:39Z | '''Belk, Inc.''' (stylized as '''belk''') is an upscale [[department store]] chain founded in 1888 by William Henry Belk in [[Monroe, North Carolina]] with 300 locations in 16 states. Belk stores and Belk.com offer apparel, shoes, accessories, cosmetics, home furnishings and wedding registry. | 2016-09-28T21:03:32Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743914280 | On Sunday, 28 October 1787, [[William Wilberforce]] wrote in his diary: ''"God Almighty has set before me two great objects, the suppression of the slave trade and the Reformation of society."'' For the rest of his life, William Wilberforce dedicated his life as a Member of the British Parliament to opposing the slave trade and working for the [[abolitionism in the United Kingdom|abolition]] of slavery throughout the [[British Empire]]. On 22 February 1807, twenty years after he first began his crusade, and in the middle of Britain's war with France, Wilberforce and his team's labours were rewarded with victory. By an overwhelming 283 votes for to 16 against, the motion to abolish the Atlantic slave trade was carried in the House of Commons.<ref>[http://www.brycchancarey.com/abolition/wilberforce.htm William Wilberforce (1759–1833).]</ref> The United States acted to abolish the slave trade the same year, but not its [[Slavery in the United States#Internal slave trade|internal slave trade]] which became the dominant character in American slavery until the 1860s.<ref>Marcyliena H. Morgan (2002). [https://books.google.com/books?id=mhJcsiydNe8C&pg=PA20&dq=US+-+internal+slave+trade+1850&hl=en&ei=e--kTp-iHoeR8gPw17XyBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=US%20-%20internal%20slave%20trade%201850&f=false ''Language, Discourse and Power in African American Culture''], Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 20.</ref> In 1805 the British Order-in-Council had restricted the importation of slaves into colonies that had been captured from France and the Netherlands.<ref name="CUP"/> Britain continued to press other nations to end its trade; in 1810 an Anglo-Portuguese treaty was signed whereby Portugal agreed to restrict its trade into its colonies; an 1813 Anglo-Swedish treaty whereby Sweden outlawed its slave trade; the [[Treaty of Paris (1814)|Treaty of Paris 1814]] where France agreed with Britain that the trade is "repugnant to the principles of natural justice" and agreed to abolish the slave trade in five years; the 1814 Anglo-Netherlands treaty where the Dutch outlawed its slave trade.<ref name="CUP"/> | 2016-10-12T00:25:57Z | [[William Wilberforce]] was a driving force in the British Parliament in the fight against the slave trade in the [[British Empire]]. On 22 February 1807, the House of Commons passed a motion 283 votes to 16 to abolish the Atlantic slave trade. The United States acted to abolish the slave trade the same year, but not its [[Slavery in the United States#Internal slave trade|internal slave trade]] which became the dominant character in American slavery until the 1860s.<ref>Marcyliena H. Morgan (2002). [https://books.google.com/books?id=mhJcsiydNe8C&pg=PA20&dq=US+-+internal+slave+trade+1850&hl=en&ei=e--kTp-iHoeR8gPw17XyBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=US%20-%20internal%20slave%20trade%201850&f=false ''Language, Discourse and Power in African American Culture''], Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. 20.</ref> In 1805 the British Order-in-Council had restricted the importation of slaves into colonies that had been captured from France and the Netherlands.<ref name="CUP"/> Britain continued to press other nations to end its trade; in 1810 an Anglo-Portuguese treaty was signed whereby Portugal agreed to restrict its trade into its colonies; an 1813 Anglo-Swedish treaty whereby Sweden outlawed its slave trade; the [[Treaty of Paris (1814)|Treaty of Paris 1814]] where France agreed with Britain that the trade is "repugnant to the principles of natural justice" and agreed to abolish the slave trade in five years; the 1814 Anglo-Netherlands treaty where the Dutch outlawed its slave trade.<ref name="CUP"/> | 2016-10-12T00:44:04Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745893810 | Archibald was the son of [[Sir Colin Og Campbell of Lochawe]] and his wife Helena, a possible daughter of [[John de Menteith]].{{sfn|Campbell of Airds|2000|p=99}} He became Lord of Lochawe either through inheritance from his father or the disenfranchisement of his brother, Dougall. In 1342, [[David II of Scotland|King David II]] granted Archibald the forfeited lands of his brother Dougall as well as the barony of Melfort.{{sfn|Campbell of Airds|2000|p=83}} Melfort was in turn granted to Archibald's half-brother Neil, from whom the [[Clan Campbell#Branches|Campbells of Kenmore and Melfort]] descend. In the 1350s, Archibald was granted numerous lands in [[Argyll]] by John, Lord of Menteith and his cousin [[Mary II, Countess of Menteith|Mary de Menteith]], the most notable of which was [[Castle Sween]].{{sfn|Campbell of Airds|2000|p=92-93}} In 1373, he received the lands of Finnart and Stronewhillen from Paul Glenn.{{sfn|Campbell of Airds|2000|p=96}} In 1382, he and his son, Colin, were appointed the hereditary position of King's Lieutenants and Special Commissioners in the [[Sheriff of Argyll|Sheriffdom of Argyll]], which would provide them income in exchange for performing various bureaucratic duties.{{sfn|Campbell of Airds|2000|p=95-96}} | 2016-10-23T22:11:27Z | Archibald was the son of [[Sir Colin Og Campbell of Lochawe]] and his wife Helena, a possible daughter of [[John de Menteith]].{{sfn|Campbell of Airds|2000|p=99}} He became Lord of Lochawe either through inheritance from his father or the disenfranchisement of his brother, Dougall. In 1342, [[David II of Scotland|King David II]] granted Archibald the forfeited lands of his brother Dougall as well as the barony of Melfort.{{sfn|Campbell of Airds|2000|p=83}} Melfort was in turn granted to Archibald's half-brother Neil, from whom the [[Clan Campbell#Branches|Campbells of Kenmore and Melfort]] descend. In the 1350s, Archibald was granted numerous lands in [[Argyll]] by John, Lord of Menteith and his cousin [[Mary II, Countess of Menteith|Mary de Menteith]], the most notably of which was [[Castle Sween]].{{sfn|Campbell of Airds|2000|p=92-93}} In 1373, he received the lands of Finnart and Stronewhillen from Paul Glenn.{{sfn|Campbell of Airds|2000|p=96}} In 1382, he and his son, Colin, were appointed the hereditary position of King's Lieutenants and Special Commissioners in the [[Sheriff of Argyll|Sheriffdom of Argyll]], which would provide them income in exchange for performing various bureaucratic duties.{{sfn|Campbell of Airds|2000|p=95-96}} | 2016-10-24T00:44:42Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745210690 | * 10th Generation: Maria Abe, Rina Izuta, [[Miori Ichikawa]], [[Anna Iriyama]], [[Rena Kato]], Yuki Kanazawa, Marina Kobayashi, Shiori Nakamata, Nana Fujita | 2016-10-19T21:52:23Z | * 10th Generation: Maria Abe, Rina Izuta, [[Miori Ichikawa]], [[Anna Iriyama]], [[Rena Kato]], Yuki Kanazawa, Marina Kobayashi, Shiori Nakamata, [[Nana Fujita]] | 2016-10-19T21:55:49Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744722367 | |Champion = Mountain West Conference Champions<br>Houston Bowl Champions
|BowlTourney = [[2005 Houston Bowl]] vs. [[2005 Iowa State Cyclones football team|Iowa State]]
|BowlTourneyResult = W 27–24
The '''2005 TCU Horned Frogs football team''' represented [[Texas Christian University]] in the [[2005 NCAA Division I-A football season|2005]] [[college football]] season. TCU finished with an 11–1 (8–0 [[Mountain West Conference|MWC]]) record and a #11 ranking in the [[AP Poll]]. | 2016-09-13T03:41:44Z | |Champion = MWC champion<br>Houston Bowl champion
|BowlTourney = [[2005 Houston Bowl|Houston Bowl]]
|BowlTourneyResult = W 27–24 vs. [[2005 Iowa State Cyclones football team|Iowa State]]
The '''2005 TCU Horned Frogs football team''' represented [[Texas Christian University]] in the [[2005 NCAA Division I-A football season]]. TCU finished with an 11–1 (8–0 [[Mountain West Conference]]) record and a #11 ranking in the [[AP Poll]]. | 2016-10-17T01:43:45Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743266533 | #REDIRECT [[Girl Asleep (film)]]
{{R from move}} | 2016-01-11T19:41:03Z | '''Girl Asleep''' may refer to:
* [[Girl Asleep (film)|''Girl Asleep'' (film)]], a 2015 Australian drama film
* ''[[A Girl Asleep]]'', a 1657 painting by Johannes Vermeer
{{disambiguation}}
{{Short pages monitor}}<!-- This long comment was added to the page to prevent it from being listed on Special:Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template:Long comment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well.--> | 2016-10-08T21:55:08Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744884499 | At age 12, Kyle moved to the Legends Series, where he raced Legends cars through age 15. Vehicles used in the Legends Series are smaller-scale replicas of cars from the 1930s and 1940s [http://www.uslegendcars.com/cars/]. Weatherman contested in a handful of late model races and dirt modified in IMCA 4WD. At 12 years old, competed in the Legends Million Dollar Race. He handily finished fifth in that race. That year, Kyle was the only 12 year-old competing, making him the youngest driver on the track. He won the Legends National Championship at Las Vegas Motor Speedway and became the youngest driver up until that point to claim victory in that race [http://www.uslegendcars.com/inex/news/weatherman-wins-bullring-federal-tires.html].
At the same time Kyle was highly involved in Legends Racing, he raced IMCA Sport Modified cars in Texas with Michael Harper as his crew chief [https://www.imca.com/]. | 2016-10-18T00:53:41Z | At age 12, Kyle moved to the [[Legends car racing|Legends]] Series, where he raced Legends cars through age 15. Vehicles used in the Legends Series are smaller-scale replicas of cars from the 1930s and 1940s. Weatherman contested in a handful of late model races and dirt modified in IMCA 4WD. At 12 years old, competed in the Legends Million Dollar Race. He finished fifth in that race. That year, Kyle was the only 12 year-old competing, making him the youngest driver on the track. He won the Legends National Championship at [[Las Vegas Motor Speedway]] and became the youngest driver up until that point to claim victory in that race [http://www.uslegendcars.com/inex/news/weatherman-wins-bullring-federal-tires.html].
At the same time Kyle was highly involved in Legends Racing, he raced [[International Motor Contest Association|IMCA]] Sport Modified cars in Texas with Michael Harper as his crew chief [https://www.imca.com/]. | 2016-10-18T01:25:21Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744764518 | In 1971, the IOC offered Rhodesia the opportunity to compete in the upcoming [[1972 Summer Olympics]] if it did so with a British identity as it had in 1964. Host nation [[West Germany]] faced less pressure than Mexico and, having not been admitted to the United Nations, was not bound by Resolution 253. Rhodesia agreed and sent 44 athletes in eight sports (including a water polo squad) to Munich in its largest and most diverse delegation. Another threat of boycott from African nations, however, led the IOC to withdraw Rhodesia's invitation by a vote of 36-31 in favor, with three abstentions. The athletes were allowed to remain in the Olympic Village and watch their events, but were forbidden from participating. Following the [[Munich massacre]], IOC President [[Avery Brundage]] compared the attacks to the political motivation behind the boycott, arguing that both were seeking to dampen the spirit of Olympism.<ref name="Novak"/> | 2016-10-17T08:21:44Z | In 1971, the IOC offered Rhodesia the opportunity to compete in the upcoming [[1972 Summer Olympics]] if it did so with a British identity as it had in 1964. Host nation [[West Germany]] faced less pressure than Mexico and, having not been admitted to the United Nations, was not bound by Resolution 253. Rhodesia agreed and sent 44 athletes in eight sports (including a water polo squad) to Munich in its largest and most diverse delegation. Another threat of boycott from African nations, however, led the IOC to withdraw Rhodesia's invitation by a vote of 36-31 in favor, with three abstentions. The athletes were allowed to remain in the Olympic Village and attend their events, but were forbidden from participating. Following the [[Munich massacre]], IOC President [[Avery Brundage]] compared the attacks to the political motivation behind the boycott, arguing that both were seeking to dampen the spirit of Olympism.<ref name="Novak"/> | 2016-10-17T08:42:21Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742329985 | In the summer of 2012, Taylor-Klaus moved to [[Los Angeles]] to pursue an acting career. While she was in Los Angeles, she attended [[Bridges Academy]]. Her first notable professional role was that of Bullet, a homeless but street-wise teen, on the third season of the television drama ''[[The Killing (U.S. TV series)|The Killing]]'' on [[AMC (TV channel)|AMC]], which aired in 2013. Writing about playing Bullet, she said that "to be an actor is to want to visit the dark places that humans strive so hard to stay away from." Currently, Taylor-Klaus is starring in the role of Audrey Jensen in [[MTV]]'s ''[[Scream (TV series)|Scream]]''. | 2016-09-13T01:17:57Z | In the mid-2012, Taylor-Klaus moved to [[Los Angeles]] to pursue an acting career. While she was in Los Angeles, she attended [[Bridges Academy]].{{fact}} Her first notable professional role was that of Bullet, a homeless but street-wise teen, on the third season of the television drama ''[[The Killing (U.S. TV series)|The Killing]]'' on [[AMC (TV channel)|AMC]], which aired in 2013. Writing about playing Bullet, she said that "to be an actor is to want to visit the dark places that humans strive so hard to stay away from." Currently, Taylor-Klaus is starring in the role of Audrey Jensen in [[MTV]]'s ''[[Scream (TV series)|Scream]]''. | 2016-10-03T02:20:17Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745069431 | ===Atlanata Falcons=== | 2016-09-01T01:06:39Z | ===Atlanta Falcons===
| 2016-10-19T03:39:45Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741660530 | {{expand section|information about its buildings role|date=June 2016}} | 2016-09-28T22:22:57Z | {{expand section|information about its buildings role and removal of its energy role (that went to the Economic Affairs Ministry in 2013)|date=June 2016}} | 2016-09-28T22:27:02Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744551244 | '''Red states''' and '''blue states''' refer to those [[U.S. state|states]] of the [[United States]] whose residents predominantly vote for the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] (red) or [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] (blue) presidential candidates.
Until the 1980s, the blue-red dichotomy was often reversed with Republicans being represented by blue and Democrats by red. This terminology came into use in the [[United States presidential election, 2000|United States presidential election of 2000]] on an episode of the ''[[Today (NBC program)|Today]]'' show on October 30, 2000. According to ''[[The Washington Post]]'', the terms were coined by journalist [[Tim Russert]], during his televised coverage of the [[United States presidential election, 2000|2000 presidential election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4459759/|title=MSNBC.com About Meet the Press|accessdate=2008-06-13}}</ref> That was not the first election during which the [[news media]] used colored maps to depict voter preferences in the various states, but it was the first time a standard color scheme took hold; the colors were often reversed or different colors used before the 2000 election.
Most states are technically purple and only 'appear' red/blue on the electoral.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2013/11/12/most-americans-live-in-purple-america-not-red-or-blue-america/|title=Most Americans live in Purple America, not Red or Blue America|publisher=|accessdate=9 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://saltwaterwitch.com/blog/?p=19|title=America really looks like this - Chris Howard's Writing & Art|publisher=|accessdate=9 September 2016}}</ref> Since 2000, use of the term has been expanded to differentiate between states being perceived as [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberal]] and those perceived as [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]]. This reverses a long-standing convention of [[political color]]s where red symbols (such as the [[Red flag (politics)|Red Flag]] or [[Red star|Red Star]]) are associated with [[left-wing politics]], and [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] movements often choose blue as a contrasting color.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/BOTTOM/faq.php|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections – FAQ|work=uselectionatlas.org|accessdate=7 November 2014}}</ref> | 2016-10-12T06:57:22Z | '''Red states''' and '''blue states''' refer to those [[U.S. state|states]] of the [[United States]] whose residents predominantly vote for the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] (red) or [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] (blue) presidential candidates. Since 2000, use of the term has been expanded to differentiate between states being perceived as [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberal]] and those perceived as [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]].
Most states contain both liberal and conservative voters (i.e., are "purple") and only 'appear' red/blue on the electoral map due to the [[winner-take-all]] system used by most states in the [[Electoral College (United States)|Electoral College]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2013/11/12/most-americans-live-in-purple-america-not-red-or-blue-america/|title=Most Americans live in Purple America, not Red or Blue America|publisher=|accessdate=9 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://saltwaterwitch.com/blog/?p=19|title=America really looks like this - Chris Howard's Writing & Art|publisher=|accessdate=9 September 2016}}</ref> However, the perception of some states as "red" and some as "blue" was reinforced by a degree of partisan stability from election to election—from the [[United States presidential election, 2000|2000 election]] to the [[United States presidential election, 2004|2004 election]], only three states changed "color", and as of the [[United States presidential election, 2012|2012]] fully 40 out of 50 states have voted for the same party in every presidential election since the red/blue terminology was popularized in 2000.
The choice of colors reverses a long-standing convention of [[political color]]s whereby red symbols (such as the [[Red flag (politics)|Red Flag]] or [[Red star|Red Star]]) are associated with [[left-wing politics]], and [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] movements often choose blue as a contrasting color.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/BOTTOM/faq.php|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections – FAQ|work=uselectionatlas.org|accessdate=7 November 2014}}</ref> Indeed, until the 1980s, Republicans were often represented by blue and Democrats by red. The current terminology of "red states" and "blue states" came into use in the [[United States presidential election, 2000|United States presidential election of 2000]] on an episode of the ''[[Today (NBC program)|Today]]'' show on October 30, 2000. According to ''[[The Washington Post]]'', the terms were coined by journalist [[Tim Russert]], during his televised coverage of the [[United States presidential election, 2000|2000 presidential election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/4459759/|title=MSNBC.com About Meet the Press|accessdate=2008-06-13}}</ref> That was not the first election during which the [[news media]] used colored maps to depict voter preferences in the various states, but it was the first time a standard color scheme took hold; the colors were often reversed or different colors used before the 2000 election. | 2016-10-16T00:03:17Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742614957 | Some of his paintings of notable people and places, like the painting of Dr. [[Frederick J. Bancroft]]'s farmhouse made in 1941,<ref name="Leavitt">{{cite book|author1=Craig Leavitt|author2=Thomas J. Noel|title=Herndon Davis: Painting Colorado History, 1901–1962|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JaLnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA180|date=15 February 2016|publisher=University Press of Colorado|isbn=978-1-60732-420-1|page=xi, 180}}</ref> are displayed at the Western History section of the [[Denver Public Library]]. The book '' Herndon Davis: Painting Colorado History, 1901–1962'' was released in conjunction of an exhibition of his work.<ref name="Leavitt p. xi">{{cite book|author1=Craig Leavitt|author2=Thomas J. Noel|title=Herndon Davis: Painting Colorado History, 1901–1962|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JaLnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PAxi|date=15 February 2016|publisher=University Press of Colorado|isbn=978-1-60732-420-1|page=xi}}</ref> | 2016-10-04T18:50:58Z | Some of his paintings of notable people and places, like the painting of Dr. [[Frederick J. Bancroft]]'s farmhouse made in 1941,<ref name="Leavitt">{{cite book|author1=Craig Leavitt|author2=Thomas J. Noel|title=Herndon Davis: Painting Colorado History, 1901–1962|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JaLnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA180|date=15 February 2016|publisher=University Press of Colorado|isbn=978-1-60732-420-1|page=xi, 180}}</ref> are displayed at the Western History section of the [[Denver Public Library]]. The book '' Herndon Davis: Painting Colorado History, 1901–1962'' was released in conjunction of an exhibition of his work.<ref name="Leavitt p. xi">{{cite book|author1=Craig Leavitt|author2=Thomas J. Noel|title=Herndon Davis: Painting Colorado History, 1901–1962|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JaLnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PAxi|date=15 February 2016|publisher=University Press of Colorado|isbn=978-1-60732-420-1|page=xi}}</ref> His portrait of [[Josiah Gregg]] (1806-1850), which he painted between 1950 and 1962, is in the collection of [[Palace of the Governors]], a New Mexico History Museum.<ref>{{ cite web | url=http://npg.si.edu/object/npg_10175.45 | title=Josiah Gregg | publisher=National Portrait Gallery | accessdate=October 4, 2016 }}</ref> | 2016-10-04T19:02:48Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744040782 | In October 2016, it was reported that Chieng had landed his own series, a sitcom called "International Student." It is scheduled to premiere on Comedy Central in America and ABC in Australia in June, 2017. <ref>http://www.avclub.com/article/daily-shows-ronny-chieng-lands-his-own-comedy-cent-243701</ref> | 2016-10-12T19:05:49Z | In October 2016, it was reported that Chieng had landed his own series, a [[sitcom]] called ''International Student.'' It is scheduled to premiere on Comedy Central in America and ABC in Australia in June 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.avclub.com/article/daily-shows-ronny-chieng-lands-his-own-comedy-cent-243701|title=|work=AV Club}}</ref> | 2016-10-12T19:07:22Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744491066 | Bills in the Philippine Congress were filed creating a new executive department named [[Department of Information and Communications Technology (Philippines)|Department of Information and Communications Technology]]. As proposed in the bill, it will inherit the agencies Information Technology, Electronics and Communications Council (ITECC), [[National Telecommunications Commission (Philippines)|National Telecommunications Commission]] (NTC), Telecommunications Office (TelOf), [[National Printing Office (Philippines)|National Printing Office]] (NPO), [[Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (Philippines)|Movie and Television Review and Classification Board]] (MTRCB), [[Optical Media Board]] (OMB), government corporations [[Philippine Postal Office]] ([[PhilPost]]), [[People's Television Network]] (PTV-4), [[Radio Philippines Network]] (RPN-9), [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] (IBC-13), [[Philippine Broadcasting Service]] (PBS-Radyo ng Bayan). Due to the absence of an enabling law, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo created the [[Commission on Information and Communications Technology (Philippines)|Commission on Information and Communications Technology]] absorbing the ITECC, NTC, PhilPOST and TelOf. | 2016-09-09T00:35:13Z | Bills in the Philippine Congress were filed creating a new executive department named [[Department of Information and Communications Technology (Philippines)|Department of Information and Communications Technology]]. As proposed in the bill, it will inherit the agencies Information Technology, Electronics and Communications Council (ITECC), [[National Telecommunications Commission (Philippines)|National Telecommunications Commission]] (NTC), Telecommunications Office (TelOf), [[National Printing Office (Philippines)|National Printing Office]] (NPO), [[Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (Philippines)|Movie and Television Review and Classification Board]] (MTRCB), [[Optical Media Board]] (OMB), government corporations [[PhilPost|Philippine Postal Office]] (PhilPost), [[People's Television Network]] (PTV-4), [[Radio Philippines Network]] (RPN-9), [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation]] (IBC-13), [[Philippine Broadcasting Service]] (PBS-Radyo ng Bayan). Due to the absence of an enabling law, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo created the [[Commission on Information and Communications Technology (Philippines)|Commission on Information and Communications Technology]] absorbing the ITECC, NTC, PhilPOST and TelOf. | 2016-10-15T15:45:24Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743154621 | | nationality = [[German]] | 2016-10-07T23:13:56Z | | nationality = [[Germany|German]] | 2016-10-08T05:21:57Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742847036 | | cteam1 = [[Pop Cola Panthers|Pop Cola Sizzlers / Sarsi Sizzlers / Diet Sarsi Sizzlers / Swift Mighty Meaty Hotdogs]]
| cteam2 = [[Talk 'N Text Tropang Texters|Pepsi Mega Bottlers / Mobiline Cellulars]]
| cteam3 = [[Barako Bull Energy Boosters (2000–11)|Batang Red Bull Energizers / Batang Red Bull Thunder / Red Bull Barako]]
| cteam4 = [[Burger King Whoopers|Air21 Express / Burger King Whoopers / Burger King Titans]]
[[Category:University Athletic Association of the Philippines players]] | 2016-10-06T01:06:03Z | | cteam1 = [[Pop Cola Panthers|Swift Mighty Meaty Hotdogs]]
| cteam2 = [[Talk 'N Text Tropang Texters|Mobiline Cellulars]]
| cteam3 = [[Barako Bull Energy Boosters (2000–11)|Red Bull Barako]]
| cteam4 = [[Burger King Whoopers|Burger King Titans]]
[[Category:University Athletic Association of the Philippines basketball players]] | 2016-10-06T04:54:56Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745682649 | The two daily round-trips were branded ''Turboliner'', replacing the individual names ''[[Abraham Lincoln (train)|Abraham Lincoln]]'' and ''[[Prairie State (train)|Prairie State]]''. Amtrak would repeat this experiment with the Detroit and Milwaukee corridors. Track conditions limited the new trainsets to {{convert|79|mph|km/h||abbr=on}}, but they were clean, comfortable, quiet and reliable. In the first year the Chicago–St. Louis running time dropped from 5.5 to 5 hours. The [[Federal Railroad Administration]] refused a request from Amtrak to raise the speed limit to {{convert|90|mph|km/h||abbr=on}}, citing inadequate signalling along the route. The new equipment had fallen out of favor by the end of 1974: food service was inadequate, and the five-car fixed consist could not handle demand. [[Amfleet]] coaches and new conventional diesels replaced both of the Turboliner trainsets in 1975.<ref>{{harvnb|Sanders|2006|pp=227–229}}</ref> | 2016-10-22T17:28:10Z | The two daily round-trips were branded ''Turboliner'', replacing the individual names ''[[Abraham Lincoln (train)|Abraham Lincoln]]'' and ''[[Prairie State (train)|Prairie State]]''. Amtrak would repeat this experiment with the Detroit and Milwaukee corridors. Track conditions limited the new trainsets to {{convert|79|mph|km/h||abbr=on}}, but they were clean, comfortable, quiet and reliable. In the first year the Chicago–St. Louis running time dropped from 5.5 to 5 hours. The [[Federal Railroad Administration]] refused a request from Amtrak to raise the speed limit to {{convert|90|mph|km/h||abbr=on}}, citing inadequate signalling along the route. The new trains had fallen out of favor by the end of 1974: food service was inadequate, and the five-car fixed consist could not handle demand. [[Amfleet]] coaches and new conventional diesels replaced both of the Turboliner trainsets in 1975.<ref>{{harvnb|Sanders|2006|pp=227–229}}</ref> | 2016-10-22T17:28:43Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742529246 | The Moon is in [[synchronous rotation]] with Earth, always showing the same face, with its [[near side of the Moon|near side]] marked by dark volcanic [[lunar mare|maria]] that fill the spaces between the bright ancient crustal highlands and the prominent [[impact crater]]s. It is the second-brightest regularly visible [[celestial object]] in Earth's sky after the [[Sun]]. Its surface is actually dark, although compared to the night sky it appears very bright, with a [[reflectance]] just slightly higher than that of worn [[Asphalt concrete|asphalt]]. Its prominence in the sky and its regular cycle of [[lunar phases|phases]] have made the Moon an important [[Culture|cultural]] influence since [[Ancient history|ancient]] times on [[Moon#Name and etymology|language]], [[Lunar calendar|calendar]]s, [[Moon in fiction|art]], [[Lunar deity|mythology]], and apparently, the menstrual cycles of the female of the human species. | 2016-10-04T07:08:59Z | The Moon is in [[synchronous rotation]] with Earth, always showing the same face, with its [[near side of the Moon|near side]] marked by dark volcanic [[lunar mare|maria]] that fill the spaces between the bright ancient crustal highlands and the prominent [[impact crater]]s. It is the second-brightest regularly visible [[celestial object]] in Earth's sky after the [[Sun]], as measured by [[illuminance]] on Earth's surface. Its surface is actually dark, although compared to the night sky it appears very bright, with a [[reflectance]] just slightly higher than that of worn [[Asphalt concrete|asphalt]]. Its prominence in the sky and its regular cycle of [[lunar phases|phases]] have made the Moon an important [[Culture|cultural]] influence since [[Ancient history|ancient]] times on [[Moon#Name and etymology|language]], [[Lunar calendar|calendar]]s, [[Moon in fiction|art]], [[Lunar deity|mythology]], and apparently, the menstrual cycles of the female of the human species. | 2016-10-04T07:12:51Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744869965 | '''Learning classifier systems''', or '''LCS''', are a family of rule-based [[machine learning]] methods that combine a discovery component (e.g. typically a [[genetic algorithm]]) with a learning component (performing either [[supervised learning]], [[reinforcement learning]], or [[unsupervised learning]])<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Urbanowicz|first=Ryan J.|last2=Moore|first2=Jason H.|date=2009-09-22|title=Learning Classifier Systems: A Complete Introduction, Review, and Roadmap|url=http://www.hindawi.com/archive/2009/736398/|journal=Journal of Artificial Evolution and Applications|language=en|volume=2009|pages=1–25|doi=10.1155/2009/736398|issn=1687-6229}}</ref>. Learning classifier systems seek to identify a set of context-dependent rules that collectively store and apply knowledge in a [[piecewise]] manner in order to make predictions (e.g. [[behavior modeling]], [[classification]], [[data mining]], [[Strategy (game theory)|game strategy]], or [[function approximation]]). This approach allows complex [[Feasible region|solution spaces]] to be broken up into simpler parts. | 2016-10-17T22:42:58Z | '''Learning classifier systems''', or '''LCS''', are a family of rule-based [[machine learning]] methods that combine a discovery component (e.g. typically a [[genetic algorithm]]) with a learning component (performing either [[supervised learning]], [[reinforcement learning]], or [[unsupervised learning]])<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Urbanowicz|first=Ryan J.|last2=Moore|first2=Jason H.|date=2009-09-22|title=Learning Classifier Systems: A Complete Introduction, Review, and Roadmap|url=http://www.hindawi.com/archive/2009/736398/|journal=Journal of Artificial Evolution and Applications|language=en|volume=2009|pages=1–25|doi=10.1155/2009/736398|issn=1687-6229}}</ref>. Learning classifier systems seek to identify a set of context-dependent rules that collectively store and apply knowledge in a [[piecewise]] manner in order to make predictions (e.g. [[behavior modeling]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dorigo|first=Marco|title=Alecsys and the AutonoMouse: Learning to control a real robot by distributed classifier systems|url=http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00996270|journal=Machine Learning|language=en|volume=19|issue=3|pages=209–240|doi=10.1007/BF00996270|issn=0885-6125}}</ref>, [[classification]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bernadó-Mansilla|first=Ester|last2=Garrell-Guiu|first2=Josep M.|date=2003-09-01|title=Accuracy-Based Learning Classifier Systems: Models, Analysis and Applications to Classification Tasks|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/106365603322365289|journal=Evolutionary Computation|volume=11|issue=3|pages=209–238|doi=10.1162/106365603322365289|issn=1063-6560}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Urbanowicz|first=Ryan J.|last2=Moore|first2=Jason H.|date=2015-04-03|title=ExSTraCS 2.0: description and evaluation of a scalable learning classifier system|url=http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12065-015-0128-8|journal=Evolutionary Intelligence|language=en|volume=8|issue=2-3|pages=89–116|doi=10.1007/s12065-015-0128-8|issn=1864-5909|pmc=4583133|pmid=26417393}}</ref>, [[data mining]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/3-540-48104-4_8|title=Advances in Learning Classifier Systems|last=Bernadó|first=Ester|last2=Llorà|first2=Xavier|last3=Garrell|first3=Josep M.|date=2001-07-07|publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg|isbn=9783540437932|editor-last=Lanzi|editor-first=Pier Luca|series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science|pages=115–132|language=en|doi=10.1007/3-540-48104-4_8|editor-last2=Stolzmann|editor-first2=Wolfgang|editor-last3=Wilson|editor-first3=Stewart W.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-71231-2_19|title=Learning Classifier Systems|last=Bacardit|first=Jaume|last2=Butz|first2=Martin V.|date=2007-01-01|publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg|isbn=9783540712305|editor-last=Kovacs|editor-first=Tim|series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science|pages=282–290|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-540-71231-2_19|editor-last2=Llorà|editor-first2=Xavier|editor-last3=Takadama|editor-first3=Keiki|editor-last4=Lanzi|editor-first4=Pier Luca|editor-last5=Stolzmann|editor-first5=Wolfgang|editor-last6=Wilson|editor-first6=Stewart W.}}</ref><ref name=":0" />, [[Regression analysis|regression]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Urbanowicz|first=Ryan|last2=Ramanand|first2=Niranjan|last3=Moore|first3=Jason|date=2015-01-01|title=Continuous Endpoint Data Mining with ExSTraCS: A Supervised Learning Classifier System|url=http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/2739482.2768453|journal=Proceedings of the Companion Publication of the 2015 Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation|series=GECCO Companion '15|location=New York, NY, USA|publisher=ACM|pages=1029–1036|doi=10.1145/2739482.2768453|isbn=9781450334884}}</ref>, [[function approximation]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Butz|first=M. V.|last2=Lanzi|first2=P. L.|last3=Wilson|first3=S. W.|date=2008-06-01|title=Function Approximation With XCS: Hyperellipsoidal Conditions, Recursive Least Squares, and Compaction|url=http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4380293/|journal=IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation|volume=12|issue=3|pages=355–376|doi=10.1109/TEVC.2007.903551|issn=1089-778X}}</ref>, or [[Strategy (game theory)|game strategy]]). This approach allows complex [[Feasible region|solution spaces]] to be broken up into simpler parts. | 2016-10-17T22:59:30Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742309798 | It's important to note that boat shoes do not last as regular shoes will, as they are designed to grip deck, and are thus soft and pliable. Using boat shoes on rough, gravelled surfaces will wear them out at a very accelerated speed. | 2016-09-05T07:43:50Z | Boat shoes do not last as regular shoes will, as they are designed to grip deck, and are thus soft and pliable. Using boat shoes on rough, gravelled surfaces will wear them out faster. | 2016-10-02T23:38:27Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745869641 | |'''[[Florian Rousseau]]'''<br><small>{{FRA}}</small>||
|[[Jens Fiedler (cyclist)|Jens Fiedler]]<br><small>{{GER}}</small>||
|[[Laurent Gané]]<br><small>{{FRA}}</small>||
|'''[[Arnaud Tournant]]'''<br><small>{{FRA}}</small> ||1:01.879
|[[Shane Kelly]]<br><small>{{AUS}}</small> ||1:02.261
|[[Erin Hartwell]]<br><small>{{USA}}</small> ||1:02.637
|'''[[Philippe Ermenault]]'''<br><small>{{FRA}}</small> ||4:20.627
|[[Francis Moreau]]<br><small>{{FRA}}</small>||4:21.466
|[[Robert Bartko]]<br><small>{{GER}}</small>||4:26.890
|'''[[Alexander Symonenko]]<br />[[Sergiy Matveyev]]<br />[[Oleksandr Fedenko]]<br />[[Olexandr Klimenko]]'''<br><small>{{UKR}}</small>||4:02.895
|[[Christian Lademann]]<br />[[Daniel Becke]]<br />[[Robert Bartko]]<br />[[Guido Fulst]]<br><small>{{GER}}</small>||4:08.160
|[[Andrea Colinelli]]<br />[[Adler Capelli]]<br />[[Cristiano Citton]]<br />[[Mario Benetton]]<br><small>{{ITA}}</small>||
|'''[[Vincent Le Quellec]]<br />[[Florian Rousseau]]<br />[[Arnaud Tournant]]'''<br><small>{{FRA}}</small>||44.338
|[[Danny Day]]<br />[[Shane Kelly]]<br />[[Graham Sharman]]<br><small>{{AUS}}</small>||45.464
|[[Sören Lausberg]]<br />[[Stefan Nimke]]<br />[[Eyk Pokorny]]<br><small>{{GER}}</small>|| 45.210
|'''[[Jens Fiedler (cyclist)|Jens Fiedler]]'''<br><small>{{GER}}</small>||
|[[Ainars Kiksis]]<br><small>{{LAT}}</small>||
|[[Laurent Gané]]<br><small>{{FRA}}</small>||
|'''[[Joan Llaneras]]'''<br><small>{{ESP}}</small>||
|[[Andrea Kappes]]<br><small>{{GER}}</small>||
|[[Silvio Martinello]]<br><small>{{ITA}}</small>||
|'''[[Etienne De Wilde]]'''<br>'''[[Matthew Gilmore]]'''<br><small>{{BEL}}</small>||
|[[Silvio Martinello]]<br>[[Andrea Collinelli]]<br><small>{{ITA}}</small>||
|[[Andreas Kappes]]<br>[[Stefan Steinweg]]<br><small>{{GER}}</small>||
|'''[[Félicia Ballanger]]'''<br><small>{{FRA}}</small>||
|[[Michelle Ferris]]<br><small>{{AUS}}</small>||
|[[Tanya Dubnicoff]]<br><small>{{CAN}}</small>||
|'''[[Félicia Ballanger]]'''<br><small>{{FRA}}</small>||34.010<br />''W.R.''
|[[Tanya Dubnicoff]]<br><small>{{CAN}}</small>||35.415
|[[Michelle Ferris]]<br><small>{{AUS}}</small>||35.451
|'''[[Lucy Tyler-Sharman]]'''<br><small>{{AUS}}</small>|| 3:35.255
|[[Leontien Zijlaard-Van Moorsel]]<br><small>{{NED}}</small>|| 3:27.291
|[[Judith Arndt]]<br><small>{{GER}}</small>|| 3:35.676
|'''[[Teodora Ruano]]'''<br><small>{{ESP}}</small>||
|[[Belem Guerrero]]<br><small>{{MEX}}</small>||
|[[Olga Slioussareva]]<br><small>{{RUS}}</small>||
<br> | 2016-02-10T09:01:06Z | |'''[[Florian Rousseau]]'''<br>{{small|{{FRA}}}}||
|[[Jens Fiedler (cyclist)|Jens Fiedler]]<br>{{small|{{GER}}}}||
|[[Laurent Gané]]<br>{{small|{{FRA}}}}||
|'''[[Arnaud Tournant]]'''<br>{{small|{{FRA}}}} ||1:01.879
|[[Shane Kelly]]<br>{{small|{{AUS}}}} ||1:02.261
|[[Erin Hartwell]]<br>{{small|{{USA}}}} ||1:02.637
|'''[[Philippe Ermenault]]'''<br>{{small|{{FRA}}}} ||4:20.627
|[[Francis Moreau]]<br>{{small|{{FRA}}}}||4:21.466
|[[Robert Bartko]]<br>{{small|{{GER}}}}||4:26.890
|'''[[Alexander Symonenko]]<br>[[Sergiy Matveyev]]<br>[[Oleksandr Fedenko]]<br>[[Olexandr Klimenko]]'''<br>{{small|{{UKR}}}}||4:02.895
|[[Christian Lademann]]<br>[[Daniel Becke]]<br>[[Robert Bartko]]<br>[[Guido Fulst]]<br>{{small|{{GER}}}}||4:08.160
|[[Andrea Colinelli]]<br>[[Adler Capelli]]<br>[[Cristiano Citton]]<br>[[Mario Benetton]]<br>{{small|{{ITA}}}}||
|'''[[Vincent Le Quellec]]<br>[[Florian Rousseau]]<br>[[Arnaud Tournant]]'''<br>{{small|{{FRA}}}}||44.338
|[[Danny Day]]<br>[[Shane Kelly]]<br>[[Graham Sharman]]<br>{{small|{{AUS}}}}||45.464
|[[Sören Lausberg]]<br>[[Stefan Nimke]]<br>[[Eyk Pokorny]]<br>{{small|{{GER}}}}|| 45.210
|'''[[Jens Fiedler (cyclist)|Jens Fiedler]]'''<br>{{small|{{GER}}}}||
|[[Ainars Kiksis]]<br>{{small|{{LAT}}}}||
|[[Laurent Gané]]<br>{{small|{{FRA}}}}||
|'''[[Joan Llaneras]]'''<br>{{small|{{ESP}}}}||
|[[Andrea Kappes]]<br>{{small|{{GER}}}}||
|[[Silvio Martinello]]<br>{{small|{{ITA}}}}||
|'''[[Etienne De Wilde]]'''<br>'''[[Matthew Gilmore]]'''<br>{{small|{{BEL}}}}||
|[[Silvio Martinello]]<br>[[Andrea Collinelli]]<br>{{small|{{ITA}}}}||
|[[Andreas Kappes]]<br>[[Stefan Steinweg]]<br>{{small|{{GER}}}}||
|'''[[Félicia Ballanger]]'''<br>{{small|{{FRA}}}}||
|[[Michelle Ferris]]<br>{{small|{{AUS}}}}||
|[[Tanya Dubnicoff]]<br>{{small|{{CAN}}}}||
|'''[[Félicia Ballanger]]'''<br>{{small|{{FRA}}}}||34.010<br>''W.R.''
|[[Tanya Dubnicoff]]<br>{{small|{{CAN}}}}||35.415
|[[Michelle Ferris]]<br>{{small|{{AUS}}}}||35.451
|'''[[Lucy Tyler-Sharman]]'''<br>{{small|{{AUS}}}}|| 3:35.255
|[[Leontien Zijlaard-Van Moorsel]]<br>{{small|{{NED}}}}|| 3:27.291
|[[Judith Arndt]]<br>{{small|{{GER}}}}|| 3:35.676
|'''[[Teodora Ruano]]'''<br>{{small|{{ESP}}}}||
|[[Belem Guerrero]]<br>{{small|{{MEX}}}}||
|[[Olga Slioussareva]]<br>{{small|{{RUS}}}}|| | 2016-10-23T21:04:45Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741786231 | |OScheme= [[Air raid offense|Air Raid]]
The '''2010 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team''' represented [[Louisiana Tech University]] in the [[2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season]]. The Bulldogs were led by first year head coach [[Sonny Dykes]] and played their home games at [[Joe Aillet Stadium]]. They are members of the [[Western Athletic Conference]]. They finished the season 5–7, 4–4 in WAC play. | 2014-12-12T05:32:55Z | |OScheme= [[Air raid offense|Air raid]]
The '''2010 Louisiana Tech Bulldogs football team''' represented [[Louisiana Tech University]] in the [[2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season]]. The Bulldogs were led by first-year head coach [[Sonny Dykes]] and played their home games at [[Joe Aillet Stadium]]. They are members of the [[Western Athletic Conference]]. They finished the season 5–7, 4–4 in WAC play. | 2016-09-29T17:29:10Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742453785 | |terminus_b={{jct|state=HID|FH|130}} in [[Pachuca, Hidalgo|Pachuca]]
'''Mexican Federal Highway 105''' (''Carretera Federal 105'') is a [[List of Mexican Federal Highways|Federal Highway]] of [[Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dgp.sct.gob.mx/fileadmin/Atlas/turis2008.pdf|title= Mapa Nacional de Comunicaciones y Transportes|publisher=Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes de Mexico|accessdate=December 11, 2008}}</ref> The highway travels from [[Tempoal de Sánchez, Veracruz|Tempoal de Sánchez]], [[Veracruz]] in the north to [[Pachuca, Hidalgo|Pachuca]], [[Hidalgo (state)|Hidalgo]] in the south. | 2012-03-04T10:54:29Z | |terminus_b={{jct|state=HID|FH|130}} in [[Pachuca]]
'''Mexican Federal Highway 105''' (''Carretera Federal 105'') is a [[List of Mexican Federal Highways|Federal Highway]] of [[Mexico]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dgp.sct.gob.mx/fileadmin/Atlas/turis2008.pdf|title= Mapa Nacional de Comunicaciones y Transportes|publisher=Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes de Mexico|accessdate=December 11, 2008}}</ref> The highway travels from [[Tempoal de Sánchez, Veracruz|Tempoal de Sánchez]], [[Veracruz]] in the north to [[Pachuca]], [[Hidalgo (state)|Hidalgo]] in the south. | 2016-10-03T20:24:45Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744484115 | The relationship between '''[[Race (human categorization)|race]] and [[video games]]''' has received substantial academic and journalistic attention. Game theory, based on Johann Huizinga's [[Homo Ludens]], argues that playing video games provides a way to learn about the world. Games offer opportunities for players to explore, practice, and re-enforce cultural and social identities. Video games predominantly created and played by white people can unintentionally perpetuate racial stereo-types and limit players' choices to preconceived notions of racial bias.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Social Exclusion, Power, and Video Game Play|last=Daniels|first=Jessie|last2=LaLone|first2=Nick|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2014|isbn=9780739138601|location=Lantham, Maryland|pages=88|chapter=Racism in Video Gaming: Connecting Extremist and Mainstream Expressions of White Supremacy|via=}}</ref> | 2016-10-15T14:17:23Z | The relationship between '''[[Race (human categorization)|race]] and [[video games]]''' has received substantial academic and journalistic attention. Game theory, based on Johann Huizinga's [[Homo Ludens]], argues that playing video games provides a way to learn about the world. Games offer opportunities for players to explore, practice, and re-enforce cultural and social identities. Video games predominantly created and played by one racial group can unintentionally perpetuate racial stereo-types and limit players' choices to preconceived notions of racial bias.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Social Exclusion, Power, and Video Game Play|last=Daniels|first=Jessie|last2=LaLone|first2=Nick|publisher=Lexington Books|year=2014|isbn=9780739138601|location=Lantham, Maryland|pages=88|chapter=Racism in Video Gaming: Connecting Extremist and Mainstream Expressions of White Supremacy|via=}}</ref> | 2016-10-15T14:40:16Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744284754 | :Morphy could have won a pawn by 8.Qxb7 Qb4+ 9.Qxb4 Bxb4+, but in keeping with his style he prefers rapid development over [[list of chess terms#Material|material]]. Note that 8.Bxf7+?! Qxf7 9.Qxb7 Bc5! gives Black dangerous counterplay for the rook. | 2016-10-14T07:17:31Z | :Morphy could have won a pawn by 8.Qxb7 Qb4+ 9.Qxb4 Bxb4+, but in keeping with his style he prefers rapid development over [[list of chess terms#Material|material]]. White can win material with 8.Bxf7+ Qxf7 9.Qxb7, but Black has dangerous counterplay after 9...Bc5! and 10.Qxa8 O-O or 10.Qc8+ Ke7 11.Qxh8 Bxf2+. | 2016-10-14T08:24:01Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741763111 | '''25th & Welton Station''' is an [[island platform]]ed [[RTD Bus & Light Rail|RTD]] [[light rail]] station in [[Denver]], [[Colorado]], [[United States]]. Operating as part of the [[D Line (RTD)|D Line]], the station was opened on October 8, 1994, and is operated by the [[Regional Transportation District]].<ref name="October 9, 1994">{{cite news |title=100,000 give light rail a heavy workout |first=Jeffrey A. |last=Roberts |newspaper=The Denver Post |date=October 9, 1994 | page =C1}}</ref><ref name="CCLRT">{{cite web |url=http://www.rtd-denver.com/PDF_Files/Fact_Sheets/CCLRT_Facts.pdf |title=RTD: Central Corridor Light Rail Line |publisher=Regional Transportation District |accessdate=September 27, 2010}}</ref> Located in the [[Five Points, Denver|Five Points]] neighborhood, it is the stop closest to the [[Blair-Caldwell African American Research Library]]. | 2016-09-18T17:06:10Z | '''25th & Welton Station''' is an [[island platform]]ed [[RTD Bus & Light Rail|RTD]] [[light rail]] station in [[Denver]], [[Colorado]], [[United States]]. Operating as part of the [[D Line (RTD)|D Line]], the station was opened on October 8, 1994, and is operated by the [[Regional Transportation District]].<ref name="October 9, 1994">{{cite news |title=100,000 give light rail a heavy workout |first=Jeffrey A. |last=Roberts |newspaper=The Denver Post |date=October 9, 1994 | page =C1}}</ref><ref name="CCLRT">{{cite web|url=http://www.rtd-denver.com/PDF_Files/Fact_Sheets/CCLRT_Facts.pdf |title=RTD: Central Corridor Light Rail Line |publisher=Regional Transportation District |accessdate=September 27, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715210038/http://www.rtd-denver.com/PDF_Files/Fact_Sheets/CCLRT_Facts.pdf |archivedate=July 15, 2011 |df= }}</ref> Located in the [[Five Points, Denver|Five Points]] neighborhood, it is the stop closest to the [[Blair-Caldwell African American Research Library]]. | 2016-09-29T14:27:04Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744462360 | Due to the [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] focus on infantry and its discipline, war elephants were rarely used, while the romans did adopt them, and use them occasionally after the Punic wars, especially during the conquest of Greece, they fell out of use by the time of Claudius, afterwhich they were generally used for the purpose of demoralizing enemies alone. Unlike most states that employed their use, there is no evidence that they were used to haul supplies.
===History of Elephants and Rome===
Although the use of war elephants in the Mediterranean is most famously associated with the wars between [[Carthage]] and [[Roman Republic|Rome]], the introduction of war elephants was primarily the result of the Greek kingdom of [[Epirus]]. King [[Pyrrhus of Epirus]] brought twenty elephants to attack the Romans at the [[battle of Heraclea]] in 280 BC, leaving some fifty additional animals, on loan from Pharaoh [[Ptolemy II Philadelphus|Ptolemy II]], on the mainland. The Romans were unprepared for fighting elephants, and the Epirot forces routed the Romans. The next year, the Epirots again deployed a similar force of elephants, attacking the Romans at the [[Battle of Asculum (279 BC)|battle of Asculum]]. This time the Romans came prepared with flammable weapons and anti-elephant devices: these were ox-drawn wagons, equipped with long spikes to wound the elephants, pots of fire to scare them, and accompanying [[Velites|screening troops]] who would hurl javelins at the elephants to drive them away. A final charge of Epirot elephants won the day again, but this time Pyrrhus had suffered very heavy casualties - a [[Pyrrhic victory]].
Perhaps inspired by these victories, Carthage developed its own use of war elephants and deployed them extensively during the First and Second [[Punic Wars]]. The performance of the Carthaginian elephant corps was rather mixed, illustrating the need of proper tactics to take advantage of the elephant's strength and cover its weaknesses. At [[Battle of Adys|Adyss]] in 255 BC, the Carthaginian elephants were ineffective due to the terrain, while at the [[battle of Panormus]] in 251 BC the Romans' [[velites]] were able to terrify the Carthaginian elephants being used unsupported, which fled from the field. At the [[battle of Tunis]] however the charge of the Carthaginian elephants helped to disorder the legions, allowing the Carthaginian phalanx to stand fast and defeat the Romans. During the [[Second Punic War]], [[Hannibal]] famously led an army of war elephants across the [[Alps]]—although unfortunately many of them perished in the harsh conditions. The surviving elephants were successfully used in the [[battle of Trebia]], where they panicked the Roman cavalry and Gallic allies. The Romans eventually developed effective anti-elephant tactics, leading to Hannibal's defeat at his final [[battle of Zama]] in 202 BC; his elephant charge, unlike the one at the battle of Tunis, was ineffective because the disciplined Roman [[Maniple (military unit)|maniples]] simply made way for them to pass.
Elephants captured in 275 BC, after the end of the [[Pyrrhic war]] were displayed in a triumph.
Rome brought back many elephants at the end of the [[Punic Wars]], and used them in its campaigns for many years afterwards. The conquest of Greece saw many battles in which the Romans deployed war elephants, including the invasion of [[Macedon]]ia in 199 BC, the battle of [[Battle of Cynoscephalae|Cynoscephalae]] 197 BC,<ref>[http://www.roman-empire.net/army/cynoscephalae.html The Battle of Cynoscephalae]</ref> the battle of [[Battle of Thermopylae (191 BC)|Thermopylae]],<ref>The Syrian Wars, IV,16-20. English translation from: Horace White ed., 1899.</ref> and the battle of [[Battle of Magnesia|Magnesia]] in 190 BC, during which [[Antiochus III]]'s fifty-four elephants took on the Roman force of sixteen. In later years the Romans deployed twenty-two elephants at [[Battle of Pydna|Pydna]] in 168 BC.<ref>Davis, p. 51.</ref> The role of the elephant force at Cynoscephalae was particularly decisive, as their quick charge shattered the unformed Macedonian left wing, allowing the Romans to encircle and destroy the victorious Macedonian right. A similar event also transpired at Pydna. The Romans' successful use of war elephants against the Macedonians might be considered ironic, given that it was Pyrrhus who first taught them the military potential of these beasts.
By the time of Claudius however, such animals were being used by the Romans in single numbers only - the last significant use of war elephants in the Mediterranean was against the Romans at the [[battle of Thapsus]] in46 BC, in which 60 of them were used, where [[Julius Caesar]] armed his [[Legio V Alaudae|fifth legion]] (''Alaudae'') with axes and commanded his legionaries to strike at the elephant's legs. The legion withstood the charge, and the elephant became its symbol. Thapsus was the last significant use of elephants in the West.<ref>Gowers, ''African Affairs''.</ref> The remainder of the elephants seemed to have been thrown into panic by Caesar's archers and slingers.
{{refimprove|date=October 2016}}
| 2016-10-11T20:39:24Z | Due to the [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] focus on infantry and its discipline, war elephants were rarely used. While the Romans did eventually adopt them, and used them occasionally after the [[Punic wars]], especially during the conquest of Greece, they fell out of use by the time of [[Claudius]], after which they were generally used for the purpose of demoralizing enemies instead of being used for tactical purposes. Unlike most states that employed their use, there is no evidence that the Romans used elephants to haul supplies.
===History of elephants and Rome===
Although the use of war elephants in the Mediterranean is most famously associated with the wars between [[Carthage]] and [[Roman Republic|Rome]], the introduction of war elephants was primarily the result of the Greek kingdom of [[Epirus]]. King [[Pyrrhus of Epirus]] brought twenty elephants to attack the Romans at the [[battle of Heraclea]] in 280 BC, leaving some fifty additional animals, on loan from Pharaoh [[Ptolemy II Philadelphus|Ptolemy II]], on the mainland. The Romans were unprepared for fighting elephants, and the Epirot forces routed the Romans. The next year, the Epirots again deployed a similar force of elephants, attacking the Romans at the [[Battle of Asculum (279 BC)|battle of Asculum]]. This time the Romans came prepared with flammable weapons and anti-elephant devices: these were ox-drawn wagons, equipped with long spikes to wound the elephants, pots of fire to scare them, and accompanying [[Velites|screening troops]] who would hurl javelins at the elephants to drive them away. A final charge of Epirot elephants won the day again, but this time Pyrrhus had suffered very heavy casualties—a [[Pyrrhic victory]].{{Cn|date=October 2016}}
Perhaps inspired by these victories, Carthage developed its own use of war elephants and deployed them extensively during the First and Second [[Punic Wars]]. The performance of the Carthaginian elephant corps was rather mixed, illustrating the need of proper tactics to take advantage of the elephant's strength and cover its weaknesses. At [[Battle of Adys|Adyss]] in 255 BC, the Carthaginian elephants were ineffective due to the terrain, while at the [[battle of Panormus]] in 251 BC the Romans' [[velites]] were able to terrify the Carthaginian elephants being used unsupported, which fled from the field. At the [[battle of Tunis]] however the charge of the Carthaginian elephants helped to disorder the legions, allowing the Carthaginian phalanx to stand fast and defeat the Romans. During the [[Second Punic War]], [[Hannibal]] famously led an army of war elephants across the [[Alps]]—although unfortunately many of them perished in the harsh conditions. The surviving elephants were successfully used in the [[battle of Trebia]], where they panicked the Roman cavalry and Gallic allies. The Romans eventually developed effective anti-elephant tactics, leading to Hannibal's defeat at his final [[battle of Zama]] in 202 BC; his elephant charge, unlike the one at the battle of Tunis, was ineffective because the disciplined Roman [[Maniple (military unit)|maniples]] simply made way for them to pass.{{Cn|date=October 2016}}
Elephants captured in 275 BC, after the end of the [[Pyrrhic war]] were displayed in a triumph. Later, Rome brought back many elephants at the end of the [[Punic Wars]], and used them in its campaigns for many years afterwards. The conquest of Greece saw many battles in which the Romans deployed war elephants, including the invasion of [[Macedon]]ia in 199 BC, the battle of [[Battle of Cynoscephalae|Cynoscephalae]] 197 BC,<ref>[http://www.roman-empire.net/army/cynoscephalae.html The Battle of Cynoscephalae]</ref> the battle of [[Battle of Thermopylae (191 BC)|Thermopylae]],<ref>The Syrian Wars, IV,16-20. English translation from: Horace White ed., 1899.</ref> and the battle of [[Battle of Magnesia|Magnesia]] in 190 BC, during which [[Antiochus III]]'s fifty-four elephants took on the Roman force of sixteen. In later years the Romans deployed twenty-two elephants at [[Battle of Pydna|Pydna]] in 168 BC.<ref>Davis, p. 51.</ref> The role of the elephant force at Cynoscephalae was particularly decisive, as their quick charge shattered the unformed Macedonian left wing, allowing the Romans to encircle and destroy the victorious Macedonian right. A similar event also transpired at Pydna. The Romans' successful use of war elephants against the Macedonians might be considered ironic, given that it was Pyrrhus who first taught them the military potential of these beasts.{{Cn|date=October 2016}}
By the time of Claudius however, such animals were being used by the Romans in single numbers only—the last significant use of war elephants in the Mediterranean was against the Romans at the [[battle of Thapsus]] in 46 BC, in which 60 of them were used, where [[Julius Caesar]] armed his [[Legio V Alaudae|fifth legion]] (''Alaudae'') with axes and commanded his legionaries to strike at the elephant's legs. The legion withstood the charge, and the elephant became its symbol. Thapsus was the last significant use of elephants in the West.<ref>Gowers, ''African Affairs''.</ref> The remainder of the elephants seemed to have been thrown into panic by Caesar's archers and slingers.{{Cn|date=October 2016}} | 2016-10-15T11:02:23Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745573357 | In 2010, Sam Mendes had signed on to direct the film with [[Focus Features]] developing. [[Carey Mulligan]] was in talks to star as Florence Ponting.<ref>="jun2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/sam-mendes-going-chesil-beach/|title=Sam Mendes Going On Chesil Beach|=website=[[Empire Online]]|first=James|last=White|date=3 June 2010|accessdate=21 October 2016}}</ref> But shooting was delayed when Mendes' [[Skyfall]] went in to production and [[Focus Features]] pulled out of development. In 2011, the film went back in to pre-production, this time with [[Mike Newell]] directing and [[Sam Mendes]] producing through his [[Neal Street Productions]] banner with [[StudioCanal]] and [[BBC Films]]. Production ceased after pre-production over-ran and the producers got cold feet.<ref> name="nov2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.bleedingcool.com/2011/11/05/mike-newell-takes-over-on-chesil-beach-shows-off-his-miss-havisham/|title=Mike Newell Takes Over On Chesil Beach, Shows Off His Miss Havisham|website=[[BleedingCool.com]]|first=Brendan|last=Connelly|date= 5 November 2011|accessdate=21 October 2016}}</ref>
In February 2016, it was announced that [[Saoirse Ronan]] is to play Florence Ponting, with [[Dominic Cooke]] directing the film, from a screenplay by [[Ian McEwan]] based upon the novel of the same name.<ref name="feb2016">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/02/saoirse-ronan-on-chesil-beach-number-9-films-elizabeth-karlsen-stephen-woolley-1201704131/|title=Saoirse Ronan Boards ‘On Chesil Beach’ For ‘Carol’ Producer Number 9 Films|website=[[Deadline.com]]|first=Ali|last=Jafaar|date=17 February 2016|accessdate=20 October 2016}}</ref> [[Elizabeth Karlsen]] and [[Stephen Woolley]] produced the film under their [[Number 9 Films]] banner.<ref name="feb2016"/>In May 2016, during the Cannes Film Festival, it was announced that [[BBC Films]] will co-produce the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/05/bbc-films-sets-morgan-matthews-to-direct-gypsy-boy-boards-on-chesil-beach-and-breathe-cannes-1201756041/|title=BBC Films Sets Morgan Matthews To Direct ‘Gypsy Boy’; Boards ‘On Chesil Beach’ And ‘Breathe’ – Cannes|website=[[Deadline.com]]|first=Ali|last=Jafaar|date=14 May 2016|accessdate=20 October 2016}}</ref> In August 2016, Billy Howle joined the cast as the male lead.<ref name="howle">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/08/billy-howle-on-chesil-beach-movie-saoirse-ronan-number-9-films-1201806836/|title=Billy Howle Boards ‘On Chesil Beach’ For ‘Carol’ Producer Number 9 Films|website=[[Deadline.com]]|first=Diana|last=Lodderhose|date=22 August 2016|accessdate=20 October 2016}}</ref> In October 2016, it was announced that Thorsten Schumacher's new film and TV outfit Rocket Science had come on board to complete international sales.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/10/thorsten-schumacher-rocket-science-hanway-films-on-chesil-beach-saorise-ronan-1201835131/|title=Former Hanway Films Exec Thorsten Schumacher Launches Rocket Science|website=[[Deadline.com]]|first=Diane|last=Lodderhose|date=12 October 2016|accessdate=20 October 2016}}</ref>
| 2016-10-21T20:17:55Z | In 2010, Sam Mendes had signed on to direct the film with [[Focus Features]] developing. [[Carey Mulligan]] was in talks to star as Florence Ponting.<ref name="jun2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/sam-mendes-going-chesil-beach/|title=Sam Mendes Going On Chesil Beach|website=[[Empire Online]]|first=James|last=White|date=3 June 2010|accessdate=21 October 2016}}</ref> But shooting was delayed when Mendes' [[Skyfall]] went in to production and [[Focus Features]] pulled out of development. In 2011, the film went back in to pre-production, this time with [[Mike Newell]] directing and [[Sam Mendes]] producing through his [[Neal Street Productions]] banner with [[StudioCanal]] and [[BBC Films]]. Production ceased after pre-production over-ran and the producers got cold feet.<ref> name="nov2011">{{cite web|url=http://www.bleedingcool.com/2011/11/05/mike-newell-takes-over-on-chesil-beach-shows-off-his-miss-havisham/|title=Mike Newell Takes Over On Chesil Beach, Shows Off His Miss Havisham|website=[[BleedingCool.com]]|first=Brendan|last=Connelly|date= 5 November 2011|accessdate=21 October 2016}}</ref>
In February 2016, it was announced that [[Saoirse Ronan]] is to play Florence Ponting, with [[Dominic Cooke]] directing the film, from a screenplay by [[Ian McEwan]] based upon the novel of the same name.<ref name="feb2016">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/02/saoirse-ronan-on-chesil-beach-number-9-films-elizabeth-karlsen-stephen-woolley-1201704131/|title=Saoirse Ronan Boards 'On Chesil Beach' For 'Carol' Producer Number 9 Films|website=[[Deadline.com]]|first=Ali|last=Jafaar|date=17 February 2016|accessdate=20 October 2016}}</ref> [[Elizabeth Karlsen]] and [[Stephen Woolley]] produced the film under their [[Number 9 Films]] banner.<ref name="feb2016"/>In May 2016, during the Cannes Film Festival, it was announced that [[BBC Films]] will co-produce the film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/05/bbc-films-sets-morgan-matthews-to-direct-gypsy-boy-boards-on-chesil-beach-and-breathe-cannes-1201756041/|title=BBC Films Sets Morgan Matthews To Direct 'Gypsy Boy'; Boards 'On Chesil Beach' And 'Breathe' – Cannes|website=[[Deadline.com]]|first=Ali|last=Jafaar|date=14 May 2016|accessdate=20 October 2016}}</ref> In August 2016, Billy Howle joined the cast as the male lead.<ref name="howle">{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/08/billy-howle-on-chesil-beach-movie-saoirse-ronan-number-9-films-1201806836/|title=Billy Howle Boards 'On Chesil Beach' For 'Carol' Producer Number 9 Films|website=[[Deadline.com]]|first=Diana|last=Lodderhose|date=22 August 2016|accessdate=20 October 2016}}</ref> In October 2016, it was announced that Thorsten Schumacher's new film and TV outfit Rocket Science had come on board to complete international sales.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/10/thorsten-schumacher-rocket-science-hanway-films-on-chesil-beach-saorise-ronan-1201835131/|title=Former Hanway Films Exec Thorsten Schumacher Launches Rocket Science|website=[[Deadline.com]]|first=Diane|last=Lodderhose|date=12 October 2016|accessdate=20 October 2016}}</ref> | 2016-10-21T23:11:36Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743833688 | {{R to disambiguation page}} | 2013-12-04T12:13:11Z | {{R from ambiguous page}} | 2016-10-11T14:44:06Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741362329 | Rarely has Jensen himself actually commented publicly on transgender politics, though, in his 2006 book ''Endgame'', Jensen does briefly mention and even identify with transgender people, along with other [[Social exclusion|marginalized groups]], in a call for [[solidarity|political solidarity]].<ref>''Endgame'', V.2, p. 829: "We are the oppressed. We are prisoners, family farmers, animal liberators, women, children, American Indians, blacks, Mexicans, poor whites, Asians, people of the Third World, the indigenous. We are lesbians, homosexuals, transgendered."</ref> In 2015, Jensen published a ''[[CounterPunch]]'' article explaining that he is criticized by trans activists primarily because he believes (female-born) women should not be forced "to share their most intimate spaces with men.... I believe that women have the right to bathe, sleep, gather, and organize free from the presence of men," which his opponents have regarded as offensive towards male-born trans people.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.counterpunch.org/2015/08/10/liberals-and-the-new-mccarthyism/|first=Derrick|last=Jensen|year=2015|publisher=CounterPunch|title=Liberals and the New McCarthyism|website=Counterpunch}}</ref> Some have defended Jensen's stance on gender, lauding that he challenges "trans activists on their assertions that... their brain is 'female',"<ref>[http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/07/01/too-many-notes/ Gaslighting in the Age of ‘Misgendering']</ref> on the basis of this being a problematically [[essentialist]] position. | 2016-08-29T09:30:16Z | Jensen has rarely commented publicly on transgender politics, though, in his 2006 book ''Endgame'', Jensen does briefly mention and even identify with transgender people, along with other [[Social exclusion|marginalized groups]], in a call for [[solidarity|political solidarity]].<ref>''Endgame'', V.2, p. 829: "We are the oppressed. We are prisoners, family farmers, animal liberators, women, children, American Indians, blacks, Mexicans, poor whites, Asians, people of the Third World, the indigenous. We are lesbians, homosexuals, transgendered."</ref> In 2015, Jensen published a ''[[CounterPunch]]'' article explaining that he is criticized by trans activists primarily because he believes (female-born) women should not be forced "to share their most intimate spaces with men.... I believe that women have the right to bathe, sleep, gather, and organize free from the presence of men," which his opponents have regarded as offensive towards male-born trans people.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.counterpunch.org/2015/08/10/liberals-and-the-new-mccarthyism/|first=Derrick|last=Jensen|year=2015|publisher=CounterPunch|title=Liberals and the New McCarthyism|website=Counterpunch}}</ref> Some have defended Jensen's stance on gender, lauding that he challenges "trans activists on their assertions that... their brain is 'female',"<ref>[http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/07/01/too-many-notes/ Gaslighting in the Age of ‘Misgendering']</ref> on the basis of this being a problematically [[essentialist]] position. | 2016-09-27T01:10:16Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745241868 | |name = Newark
|official_name = Newark
[[WNET]], a flagship station of the [[Public Broadcasting Service]], and Spanish-language [[WFUT-TV]], a [[UniMás]] [[owned-and-operated station]], are licensed to Newark. [[Tempo Networks]], producing for the [[Caribbean|pan-Caribbean]] television market, is based in the city.<ref>[http://www.business.rutgers.edu/news/rutgers-newark-small-business-development-center-honors-frederick-morton-jr-tempo-tv "Rutgers-Newark Small Business Development Center honors Frederick A. Morton, Jr. of TEMPO TV"], [[Rutgers Business School – Newark and New Brunswick]], October 20, 2011. Accessed August 30, 2015. "TEMPO currently broadcast in 24 Caribbean islands, with approximately 3.5M viewers throughout the Caribbean and is based in Newark, New Jersey."</ref> NwkTV has been the city's government access channel since 2009 and broadcast on as Channel 78 on [[Cablevision]].<ref>[http://www.ci.newark.nj.us/government/departments/communications/newarktv/ The City of Newark's Government Access Channel], City of Newark. Accessed May 10, 2016.</ref><ref>Ortega, Ralph R. [http://www.nj.com/newark/index.ssf/2009/01/newark_launches_its_own_digita.html "Newark launches its own digital TV channel"], ''[[The Star-Ledger]]'', January 25, 2009. Accessed May 10, 2016.</ref> The company has a high-tech call center in Newark, employing over 500 people. PBS Network [[NJTV]] Main Broadcasting Studios are also located in the Gateway Center Office Complex (NJTV is also a sister station of the Newark-licensed WNET).<ref>Staff. [http://www.njbiz.com/article/20120612/NJBIZ01/120619954/EDA-approves-$37M-Urban-Transit-Hub-grant-to-Cablevision "EDA approves $37M Urban Transit Hub grant to Cablevision"], ''NJBiz'', June 12, 2012. Accessed May 10, 2016.</ref> | 2016-10-19T02:27:53Z | |name = Newark, New Jersey
|official_name = City of Newark
[[WNET]], a flagship station of the [[Public Broadcasting Service]], and Spanish-language [[WFUT-TV]], a [[UniMás]] [[owned-and-operated station]], are licensed to Newark. [[Tempo Networks]], producing for the [[Caribbean|pan-Caribbean]] television market, is based in the city.<ref>[http://www.business.rutgers.edu/news/rutgers-newark-small-business-development-center-honors-frederick-morton-jr-tempo-tv "Rutgers-Newark Small Business Development Center honors Frederick A. Morton, Jr. of TEMPO TV"], [[Rutgers Business School – Newark and New Brunswick]], October 20, 2011. Accessed August 30, 2015. "TEMPO currently broadcast in 24 Caribbean islands, with approximately 3.5M viewers throughout the Caribbean and is based in Newark, New Jersey."</ref> NwkTV has been the city's government access channel since 2009 and broadcast on as Channel 78 on [[Cablevision]].<ref>[http://www.ci.newark.nj.us/government/departments/communications/newarktv/ The City of Newark's Government Access Channel], City of Newark. Accessed May 10, 2016.</ref><ref>Ortega, Ralph R. [http://www.nj.com/newark/index.ssf/2009/01/newark_launches_its_own_digita.html "Newark launches its own digital TV channel"], ''[[The Star-Ledger]]'', January 25, 2009. Accessed May 10, 2016.</ref> The company has a high-tech call center in Newark, employing over 500 people. PBS network [[NJTV]]'s main broadcasting studios (NJTV is also a sister station of the Newark-licensed WNET) are also located in the Gateway Center Office Complex.<ref>Staff. [http://www.njbiz.com/article/20120612/NJBIZ01/120619954/EDA-approves-$37M-Urban-Transit-Hub-grant-to-Cablevision "EDA approves $37M Urban Transit Hub grant to Cablevision"], ''NJBiz'', June 12, 2012. Accessed May 10, 2016.</ref> | 2016-10-20T01:48:46Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741487876 | #redirect [[Perfect (grmammar]] | 2016-09-27T20:27:37Z | #redirect [[Perfect (grammar)]] | 2016-09-27T20:28:11Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742831721 | damage that could result from proof that the attack itself was a success. | 2016-09-22T12:44:42Z | damage that could result from publishing proof that the attack itself was a success. | 2016-10-06T02:11:27Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742402555 |
Yoho has described his views on voting as "radical", advocating that only property owners should be allowed to vote. He stated that early absentee ballot voting is a "travesty".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://talkingpointsmemo.com/livewire/ted-yoho-voting-property-owners|title=GOPer Suggested Voting Should Be Limited To Property Owners|last=Strauss|first=Daniel|publisher=TPM Media LLC.|date=May 20, 2014|website=TalkingPointsMemo.com|accessdate=July 9, 2014}}</ref>
In 2015, Yoho mounted an ill-fated challenge to John Boehner for the speakership of the US House of Representatives.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/jan/4/yoho-joins-gohmert-in-challenge-of-boehners-house-/ |title=Ted Yoho joins Louie Gohmert in challenge of John Boehner's House leadership |publisher=Washingtontimes.com |date=2015-01-04 |accessdate=2015-03-16}}</ref> Of the 435 congressmen and congresswomen eligible to vote, Yoho received only two votes.<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2015/01/06/daniel-webster-running-for-speaker-of-the-house-against-boehner/ |title=Boehner Gets 216, Is Reelected as Speaker for 114th Congress |publisher=Breitbart.com |date=2015-01-06 |accessdate=2015-03-16}}</ref> | 2016-09-29T20:46:09Z | In 2015, Yoho mounted a campaign to challenge John Boehner for the Speakership of the US House of Representatives in an attempt to get the conference to the second ballot. The block of dissenting members were 4 votes shy of achieving their goal. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://dailysignal.com/2015/01/06/25-republicans-not-vote-john-boehner/ |title=The 25 Republicans who did not vote for John Boehner |date=16 January 2014 |newspaper=The Dailer Caller
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/jan/4/yoho-joins-gohmert-in-challenge-of-boehners-house-/ |title=Ted Yoho joins Louie Gohmert in challenge of John Boehner's House leadership |publisher=Washingtontimes.com |date=2015-01-04 |accessdate=2015-03-16}}</ref> Of the 435 congressmen and congresswomen eligible to vote, Yoho received only two votes.<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2015/01/06/daniel-webster-running-for-speaker-of-the-house-against-boehner/ |title=Boehner Gets 216, Is Reelected as Speaker for 114th Congress |publisher=Breitbart.com |date=2015-01-06 |accessdate=2015-03-16}}</ref> | 2016-10-03T13:53:03Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744877205 | ==Dislocation geometry==
===Edge dislocations===
===Screw dislocations===
===Mixed dislocations===
===Partial dislocations===
Dislocations can decompose into [[Partial Dislocations|partial dislocations]] in order to facilitate movement through a crystal lattice.
==Observation of dislocations==
==Sources of dislocations==
==Dislocations, slip and plasticity==
==Dislocation climb==
Dislocations can slip in planes containing both the dislocation line and the Burgers Vector. For a screw dislocation, the dislocation line and the Burgers vector are parallel, so the dislocation may slip in any plane containing the dislocation. For an edge dislocation, the dislocation and the Burgers vector are perpendicular, so there is only one plane in which the dislocation can slip. There is an alternative mechanism of dislocation motion, fundamentally different from slip, that allows an edge dislocation to move out of its slip plane, known as dislocation climb. Dislocation climb allows an edge dislocation to move perpendicular to its slip plane. A creep mechanism involving only dislocation climb, also known as [[Creep_(deformation)#Harper-Dorn_creep|Harper-Dorn creep]], can occur under certain conditions. <ref>Nabarro, F.R.N. "The mechanism of Harper-Dorn creep." Acta metallurgica 37.8 (1989): 2217-2222.</ref>
| 2016-09-19T07:52:33Z | ==Geometry==
===Edge===
===Screw===
===Mixed===
===Partial===
Dislocations can decompose into [[Partial dislocations|partial dislocations]] in order to facilitate movement through a crystal lattice.
==Observation==
==Sources==
==Slip and plasticity==
==Climb==
Dislocations can slip in planes containing both the dislocation line and the Burgers vector. For a screw dislocation, the dislocation line and the Burgers vector are parallel, so the dislocation may slip in any plane containing the dislocation. For an edge dislocation, the dislocation and the Burgers vector are perpendicular, so there is only one plane in which the dislocation can slip. There is an alternative mechanism of dislocation motion, fundamentally different from slip, that allows an edge dislocation to move out of its slip plane, known as dislocation climb. Dislocation climb allows an edge dislocation to move perpendicular to its slip plane. A creep mechanism involving only dislocation climb, also known as [[Creep_(deformation)#Harper-Dorn_creep|Harper-Dorn creep]], can occur under certain conditions.<ref>Nabarro, F.R.N. "The mechanism of Harper-Dorn creep." Acta metallurgica 37.8 (1989): 2217-2222.</ref> | 2016-10-18T00:10:44Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745210447 | *Team Research Students: [[Miori Ichikawa]], [[Anna Iriyama]], [[Mina Oba]], Rena Kato, Yuki Kanazawa, [[Haruka Shimazaki]], Haruka Shimada, Shihori Suzuki, Miyu Takeuchi, Mariya Nagao, Shiori Nakamata, Mariko Nakamura, Wakana Natori, Anna Mori, [[Suzuran Yamauchi]], Nau Yamaguchi | 2016-10-05T17:21:25Z | *Team Research Students: [[Miori Ichikawa]], [[Anna Iriyama]], [[Mina Oba]], Rena Kato, Yuki Kanazawa, [[Haruka Shimazaki]], Haruka Shimada, [[Shihori Suzuki]], Miyu Takeuchi, [[Mariya Nagao]], Shiori Nakamata, Mariko Nakamura, Wakana Natori, Anna Mori, [[Suzuran Yamauchi]], Nau Yamaguchi | 2016-10-19T21:53:46Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745291713 | | director = Monique Schwarz<ref>[http://www.innersense.com.au/mif/schwarz.html Monique Schwarz bio at ''Innersense''] accessde 18 July 2013</ref> | 2016-10-04T22:17:47Z | | director = Monique Schwarz<ref>[http://www.innersense.com.au/mif/schwarz.html Monique Schwarz bio at ''Innersense''] accessed 18 July 2013</ref> | 2016-10-20T09:02:04Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742770498 | Skipsea Brough is the location of [[Skipsea Castle]] which was built about 1086. The [[motte-and-bailey]] castle's buildings have since been destroyed, however, impressive earthworks still remain. In 2016 it was reported that the castle was itself built on top of a large [[Iron Age]] mound.<ref>
</ref> | 2016-10-05T16:58:59Z | Skipsea Brough is the location of [[Skipsea Castle]] which was built about 1086. The [[motte-and-bailey]] castle's buildings have since been destroyed, however, impressive earthworks still remain.<ref>
</ref> In 2016 it was reported that the castle was itself built on top of a large [[Iron Age]] mound.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/oct/03/skipsea-castle-yorkshire-built-on-iron-age-mound|title=Skipsea Castle was built on Iron Age mound, excavation reveals|date=3 October 2016|work=The Guardian|accessdate=3 October 2016|mode=cs2}}</ref> | 2016-10-05T17:57:24Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742983309 | * "Mad Love", a song by Linda Ronstadt from the album ''[[Mad Love (Linda Ronstadt album)|Mad Love]]''
* A Song by The Veronicas on their self titled album
* A song by The Pretty Reckless on there Who You Sellihg For album | 2016-10-06T23:27:43Z | *"Mad Love", a song by Linda Ronstadt from the album ''[[Mad Love (Linda Ronstadt album)|Mad Love]]''
*Mad Love, a song by [[The Veronicas]] | 2016-10-07T01:56:41Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744380035 | | current_members = Justin Hatch<br />Pär Sundström<br />Will Thrapp<br />Hannes van Dahl<br />Tommy Johansson
'''Sabaton''' {{IPA|[ˈsabaˌton]}} is a [[power metal]] band from [[Falun]], [[Sweden]] formed in 1999. The band's main lyrical themes are based on war and historical battles. This is heard in the albums ''[[Primo Victoria]]'', ''[[The Art of War (Sabaton album)|The Art of War]]'', ''[[Attero Dominatus]]'', ''[[Coat of Arms (album)|Coat of Arms]]'', ''[[Carolus Rex (album)|Carolus Rex]]'', ''[[Heroes (Sabaton album)|Heroes]]'', and ''[[The Last Stand (Sabaton album)|The Last Stand]]'' in which all of the songs contain these motifs, except final tracks which are tribute songs to influential heavy metal bands. Lyrical content drawn from [[World War I]], [[World War II]] and other conflicts is prevalent and includes songs about battles and leaders on all sides of said conflicts. | 2016-10-14T20:24:45Z | | current_members = Justin Hatch<br />Romeo Tamez<br />Will Thrapp<br />Kerry Cartwright<br />John Garrity
'''Sabaton''' {{IPA|[ˈsabaˌton]}} is a [[power metal]] band from [[Camp Shelby]], [[Mississippi]] formed in 1999 during a squadron scout gunnery exercise. The band's main lyrical themes are based on war and historical battles. This is heard in the albums ''[[Primo Victoria]]'', ''[[The Art of War (Sabaton album)|The Art of War]]'', ''[[Attero Dominatus]]'', ''[[Coat of Arms (album)|Coat of Arms]]'', ''[[Carolus Rex (album)|Carolus Rex]]'', ''[[Heroes (Sabaton album)|Heroes]]'', and ''[[The Last Stand (Sabaton album)|The Last Stand]]'' in which all of the songs contain these motifs, except final tracks which are tribute songs to influential heavy metal bands. Lyrical content drawn from [[World War I]], [[World War II]] and other conflicts is prevalent and includes songs about battles and leaders on all sides of said conflicts. | 2016-10-14T20:55:45Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745313917 | | genre = [[post punk]], [[indie rock]]
'''Desperate Journalist''' are a [[post punk]] band from [[England]]. The band was formed in north London in 2013, and have released an album, the self-titled ''[[Desperate Journalist (album)|Desperate Journalist]]'', and the ''Good Luck'' EP, on [[Fierce Panda Records]].
The Quietus, reviewing their debut album, described them as "beautiful and spellbinding".;<ref name=allen>{{cite web|url=http://thequietus.com/articles/17072-desperate-journalist-desperate-journalist-review|title=Desperate Journalist: Desperate Journalist|last=Allen|first=Jeremy|date=2015-01-21|access-date=2016-04-26|newspaper=The Quietus}}</ref> Drowned in Sound said that they had "effortless grace" and praised Bevan's vocals.<ref name=fenwick>{{cite web|url=http://drownedinsound.com/releases/18598/reviews/4148635|date=2015-01-22|title=Desperate Journalist: Desperate Journalist|access-date=2016-04-26|newspaper=Drowned in Sound|last=Fenwick|first=Tom}}</ref>
[[Category:English post-punk music groups]] | 2016-10-12T02:20:48Z | | genre = [[Post punk]], [[indie rock]]
| associated_acts = [[Joanne Joanne]]<br/>If?<br/>Jonny Cola & the A Grades
'''Desperate Journalist''' are a [[post punk]] band from [[England]]. The band was formed in north London in 2013, and have released an album, the self-titled ''Desperate Journalist'', and the ''Good Luck'' EP, on [[Fierce Panda Records]].
The Quietus, reviewing their debut album, described them as "beautiful and spellbinding";<ref name=allen>{{cite web|url=http://thequietus.com/articles/17072-desperate-journalist-desperate-journalist-review|title=Desperate Journalist: Desperate Journalist|last=Allen|first=Jeremy|date=2015-01-21|access-date=2016-04-26|newspaper=The Quietus}}</ref> Drowned in Sound said that they had "effortless grace" and praised Bevan's vocals.<ref name=fenwick>{{cite web|url=http://drownedinsound.com/releases/18598/reviews/4148635|date=2015-01-22|title=Desperate Journalist: Desperate Journalist|access-date=2016-04-26|newspaper=Drowned in Sound|last=Fenwick|first=Tom}}</ref>
[[Category:Post-punk revival music groups]] | 2016-10-20T12:28:59Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744435785 | '''Seocho District''' ({{ko-hhrm|서초구}}) is one of the 25 ''[[Administrative divisions of South Korea#Gu (District)|gu]]'' (local government districts) which make up the city of [[Seoul]], [[South Korea]]. It is a popular residential area for the upper-class residents in Seoul. Seocho is generally referred to as a part of [[Gangnam (3 Districts)|Greater Gangnam Area]], along with [[Gangnam District]] and [[Songpa District]]. | 2016-07-21T02:23:10Z | '''Seocho District''' ({{ko-hhrm|서초구}}) is one of the 25 ''[[Administrative divisions of South Korea#Gu (District)|gu]]'' (local government districts) which make up the city of [[Seoul]], [[South Korea]]. Seocho is generally referred to as a part of [[Gangnam (3 Districts)|Greater Gangnam Area]], along with [[Gangnam District]] and [[Songpa District]]. | 2016-10-15T05:55:06Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744034946 | * {{External link |http://www.metallica.com/releases/beyond-magnetic.asp |name=''Beyond Magnetic'' |site=Metallica's official website}} | 2016-09-26T19:13:09Z | * [http://www.metallica.com/releases/beyond-magnetic.asp ''Beyond Magnetic''] at Metallica's official website | 2016-10-12T18:33:51Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744334990 | The tunnel is patrolled by Highways Agency Traffic Officers. Officers may stop and direct traffic on the crossing and its approach roads, and must be in uniform to exercise their powers.<ref name="S28">{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/20/section/28|title=Dartford-Thurrock Crossing Act 1988 (section 28) |publisher=Ministry of Transport|work=National Archives|accessdate=7 July 2014}}</ref> The crossing's speed limit is enforced by [[safety camera]]s; between October 2012 and June 2014, 24,229 drivers were caught speeding, with some travelling as fast as {{convert|94|mph|km/h}} A spokesman from the Highways Agency said the cameras were "helping us improve safety and make journeys more reliable".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-27746483|title=Thousands caught speeding on Dartford Crossing|work=BBC News|date=7 June 2014|accessdate=4 July 2014}}</ref> The bridge also has a reduced speed limit of {{convert|30|mph|km/h}} when [[crosswind]] is faster than {{convert|50|mph|km/h}} or headwind faster than {{convert|60|mph|km/h}}, and is closed entirely if Britain's national weather service, the [[Met Office]], predicts crosswind above {{convert|60|mph}} or headwind above {{convert|70|mph}}.<ref name=limits/> | 2016-10-14T15:09:01Z | The tunnel is patrolled by Highways Agency Traffic Officers. Officers may stop and direct traffic on the crossing and its approach roads, and must be in uniform to exercise their powers.<ref name="S28">{{cite web|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1988/20/section/28|title=Dartford-Thurrock Crossing Act 1988 (section 28) |publisher=Ministry of Transport|work=National Archives|accessdate=7 July 2014}}</ref> The crossing's speed limit is enforced by [[speed camera]]s; between October 2012 and June 2014, 24,229 drivers were caught speeding, with some travelling as fast as {{convert|94|mph|km/h}} A spokesman from the Highways Agency said the cameras were "helping us improve safety and make journeys more reliable".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-27746483|title=Thousands caught speeding on Dartford Crossing|work=BBC News|date=7 June 2014|accessdate=4 July 2014}}</ref> The bridge also has a reduced speed limit of {{convert|30|mph|km/h}} when [[crosswind]] is faster than {{convert|50|mph|km/h}} or headwind faster than {{convert|60|mph|km/h}}, and is closed entirely if Britain's national weather service, the [[Met Office]], predicts crosswind above {{convert|60|mph}} or headwind above {{convert|70|mph}}.<ref name=limits/> | 2016-10-14T15:24:50Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742345614 | A '''directory service''' or '''name service''' maps the names of network resources to their respective [[network address]]es. When using a directory service, a user does not have to remember the physical address of a network resource, because providing a name locates the resource. A '''directory server''' is a [[Server (computing)|server]] which provides such a service. Each resource on the network is considered an [[Object (computer science)|object]] by the directory server. Information about a particular resource is stored as a collection of [[Attribute (computing)|attribute]]s that are associated with that resource or object. In some directory services, this information can be made secure, so that only users with certain permissions, such as administrators, can access it.
A directory service defines a [[namespace]] for the network. The namespace is used to assign a "name," or unique identifier, to each of the objects. Directories typically have a set of rules that determine how network resources are named and identified, which usually includes a requirement that the identifiers be both unique and unambiguous.
A directory service is a shared information infrastructure for locating, managing, administering, and organizing everyday items and network resources, which can include volumes, folders, files, printers, users, groups, devices, telephone numbers, and other objects. A directory service is a critical component of a [[network operating system]]. | 2016-09-19T22:11:36Z | A '''directory service''' or '''name service''' maps the names of network resources to their respective [[network address]]es. It is a shared information infrastructure for locating, managing, administering, and organizing everyday items and network resources, which can include volumes, folders, files, printers, users, groups, devices, telephone numbers, and other objects. A directory service is a critical component of a [[network operating system]].
A '''directory server''' is a [[Server (computing)|server]] which provides such a service. Each resource on the network is considered an [[Object (computer science)|object]] by the directory server. Information about a particular resource is stored as a collection of [[Attribute (computing)|attribute]]s that are associated with that resource or object.
A directory service defines a [[namespace]] for the network. The namespace is used to assign a "name," or unique identifier, to each of the objects. Directories typically have a set of rules that determine how network resources are named and identified, which usually includes a requirement that the identifiers be both unique and unambiguous. When using a directory service, a user does not have to remember the physical address of a network resource, because providing a name locates the resource.
Some directory services include [[access control]] provisions to limit availability of directory information to authorized users. | 2016-10-03T04:34:38Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745957216 | | 13 || 24 October 1946 || White Sands || Pad 33 || 104.6 || Sub-normal propulsion performance | 2016-09-01T04:52:55Z | | 13 || 24 October 1946 || White Sands || Pad 33 || 104.6 || Sub-normal propulsion performance, camera took the [[V-2 No. 13|first picture of Earth from outer space]]. | 2016-10-24T11:48:35Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744962700 | Knowledge of [[Representation (arts)|representations]] (metaphoric, metonymic, anthropomorphic) illuminates the cultural attitude in the historiographies of the foreign cultures of the Other, all created by the dominant culture, by way of the analytical discourses (academic, geopolitical, military, etc.) that surround the histories (written and oral) that explain the East to the West. The foreign cultures that a supposedly superior ethnic-group deems important to study, and the aspects of the studied culture, either ignored or considered valuable knowledge, relies upon the judgement of the ethnic group in power. In the case of historiographies of the Middle East, and in the Oriental-studies field, before the late-nineteenth century, Western European empires studied what [[Oriental studies|Orientalists]] said was the [[high culture]] of the Middle East—the literature, language, and philology of the cultures comprised by the term [[The Orient]].
The Orient as emphasized in Edward Said's reading, ''"Imaginative Geography and Its Representation: Orientalizing the Orient",'' from his book ''Orientalism,'' is a representation of 'the other' on a geographic, linguistic, cultural and ethnic scale; furthermore, the orient is everything that "the west" or western civilization is not (feminized, weak, corrupt, inscrutable and tradition bound).<ref name=Said2>{{Cite book|title = Orientalism|last = Said|first = Edward|publisher = New York: Vintage Books|year = 1979|isbn = |location = New York}}</ref>{{rp|358}} This notion of Orientalism, which represented on a global scale, created a division between countries and even continents; moreover, as Edward Said says in ''Orientalism'', "A line is drawn between two continents. Europe is powerful and articulate; Asia is defeated and distant".<ref name=Said2/>{{rp|361}} Colonial and post-colonial history has provided academic evidence of othering, and the many tactics produced by colonizers (Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, etc.), which aided the control and development of a nation, along with othering native citizens (forced to assimilate).<ref>{{Cite book|title = Geographies of Postcolonialism: Space of Power and Representation, Chapter 3|last = Sharp|first = Joanne P.|publisher = Sage|year = 2009|isbn = |location = Los Angeles|pages = 67–68}}</ref> Othering is represented through many methods (biological, social, demographic, etc.), which are present across the globe and illustrated in the media, along with academic text. | 2016-10-18T13:15:01Z | The [[Representation (arts)|representations]] of the Other (metaphoric, metonymic, anthropomorphic) are manifestations of the Western cultural attitudes inherent to the European historiographies of the non–European peoples labelled as “the Other”. Using analytical discourses (academic, geopolitical, military, etc.) the dominant culture means to explain the Eastern world to the Western world, using the binary relationship of the European Self confronting the non–European Other. In the 19th-century historiographies of the Middle East, European [[Oriental studies|Orientalists]] studied only what they claimed was the [[high culture]] of the Middle East as a region — the literature, language, and philology — rather than the individual cultures of the contemporary societies comprised by the term [[The Orient]]. | 2016-10-18T14:01:58Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742296639 | [[Animal welfare]] impacts of factory farming can include:{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} | 2016-09-27T05:03:32Z | [[Animal welfare]] impacts of factory farming can include: | 2016-10-02T21:47:11Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742651902 | |Champion=Yankee Conference Champions<br>[[Lambert-Meadowlands Trophy#Lambert Cup|Lambert Cup]] Winners
|BowlTourney=[[NCAA Division I Football Championship#Champions|NCAA Division I Championship]] vs. {{cfb link|year=1978|team=Florida A&M Rattlers|title=Florida A&M}}
|BowlTourneyResult=L 28–35 | 2016-06-13T05:42:26Z | |Champion=Yankee Conference champion<br>[[Lambert-Meadowlands Trophy#Lambert Cup|Lambert Cup]] winner
|BowlTourney=[[NCAA Division I Football Championship#Champions|NCAA Division I Championship]]
|BowlTourneyResult=L 28–35 vs. {{cfb link|year=1978|team=Florida A&M Rattlers|title=Florida A&M}} | 2016-10-04T23:45:14Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741825895 | * {{cite web|url=http://www.cfl.ca/page/his_greycup_recap1951|title=Grey Cup: 1951|publisher=Canadian Football League}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.cfl.ca/uploads/assets/CFL/PDF_Docs/2009_GreyCup_Records.pdf|title=The Grey Cup 1909-2009|publisher=Canadian Football League}} | 2014-11-19T18:35:41Z | * {{cite web|url=http://www.cfl.ca/page/his_greycup_recap1951 |title=Grey Cup: 1951 |publisher=Canadian Football League |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101213113816/http://cfl.ca/page/his_greycup_recap1951 |archivedate=2010-12-13 |df= }}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.cfl.ca/uploads/assets/CFL/PDF_Docs/2009_GreyCup_Records.pdf |title=The Grey Cup 1909-2009 |publisher=Canadian Football League |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202142551/http://www.cfl.ca/uploads/assets/CFL/PDF_Docs/2009_GreyCup_Records.pdf |archivedate=2010-12-02 |df= }} | 2016-09-29T22:13:30Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743774830 | [[File:2013 Proton Prevé CFE Turbo (Back) in Thailand.JPG|thumbnail|Proton Prevé (rear) in [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]].]] | 2016-09-22T06:31:35Z | [[File:2013 Proton Prevé CFE Turbo (Back) in Thailand.JPG|thumbnail|Proton Prevé (Thailand)]] | 2016-10-11T05:26:41Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742157099 | Dunkeld has a [[Thoroughbred racing in Australia|horse racing club]], the Dunkeld Racing Club, which runs the Dunkeld Cup meeting in November.<ref name="RaceClub">{{Citation|last=Country Racing Victoria |title=Dunkeld Racing Club |url=http://www.countryracing.com.au/index.php?option=com_club_info&club=31&Itemid=80 |accessdate=2009-05-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080728163946/http://countryracing.com.au/index.php?option=com_club_info&club=31&Itemid=80 |archivedate=July 28, 2008 }}</ref> The town in conjunction with nearby township [[Glenthompson, Victoria|Glenthompson]] has an [[Australian Rules]] football team Glenthompson-Dunkeld competing in the [[Mininera & District Football League]]. The team won the league premiership in 2010. Golfers play at the course of the Grampians Golf Club on Victoria Valley Road, Dunkeld.<ref name = "golf">{{Citation | author= Golf Select | title = Grampians | url = http://www.golfselect.com.au/armchair/courseView.aspx?course_id=980 | accessdate = 2009-05-11 }}</ref
There is now a local pharmacy located in the National Bank erected in the 1880's. Mark Rafla, who is also the proprietor of the pharmacy in Halls Gap, established Dunkeld Pharmacy on the 31st of August 2016. | 2016-10-01T09:34:22Z | Dunkeld has a [[Thoroughbred racing in Australia|horse racing club]], the Dunkeld Racing Club, which runs the Dunkeld Cup meeting in November.<ref name="RaceClub">{{Citation|last=Country Racing Victoria |title=Dunkeld Racing Club |url=http://www.countryracing.com.au/index.php?option=com_club_info&club=31&Itemid=80 |accessdate=2009-05-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080728163946/http://countryracing.com.au/index.php?option=com_club_info&club=31&Itemid=80 |archivedate=July 28, 2008 }}</ref> The town in conjunction with nearby township [[Glenthompson, Victoria|Glenthompson]] has an [[Australian Rules]] football team Glenthompson-Dunkeld competing in the [[Mininera & District Football League]]. The team won the league premiership in 2010. Golfers play at the course of the Grampians Golf Club on Victoria Valley Road, Dunkeld.<ref name = "golf">{{Citation | author= Golf Select | title = Grampians | url = http://www.golfselect.com.au/armchair/courseView.aspx?course_id=980 | accessdate = 2009-05-11 }}</ref>
There is now a local pharmacy located in the National Bank erected in the 1880s. Mark Rafla, who is also the proprietor of the pharmacy in Halls Gap, established Dunkeld Pharmacy on the 31st of August 2016. | 2016-10-02T01:17:49Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744801701 | D is a man of peace, a university intellectual who values truth and honour. For the sake of his mission he initially accepts insults and beatings, until a turning point occurs. After all the injustices he has suffered, back in Spain and then in England, he becomes a solitary instrument of justice.<ref name =Greeneland><Greeneland http://greeneland.tripod.com/agent.htm Accessed 18 December 2015</ref> | 2016-10-08T08:18:58Z | D is a man of peace, a university intellectual who values truth and honour. For the sake of his mission he initially accepts insults and beatings, until a turning point occurs. After all the injustices he has suffered, back in his home country and then in England, he becomes a solitary instrument of justice.<ref name =Greeneland><Greeneland http://greeneland.tripod.com/agent.htm Accessed 18 December 2015</ref> | 2016-10-17T14:29:18Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742986002 | An anecdote is a tale—fact or fiction—told to demonstrate a point. "Earthly' means "not heavenly," especially for Stevens. "Earthly Anecdote," then, is a down-to-earth tale of Native-American warriors and a "firecat." We know the "bucks" existed and once rode their horses over Oklahoma. That world was real. We know that the "firecat" is imaginary. What is it about the firecat that inspires such fear in the warriors' hearts?
One plausible perspective is to see the firecat as a descendant of William Blake's famous [[The Tyger|"Tyger"]]: | 2016-10-03T04:51:12Z | An anecdote is a tale—fact or fiction—told to demonstrate a point. "Earthly' means "not heavenly," especially for Stevens. "Earthly Anecdote," then, is a down-to-earth tale of Native-American warriors and a "firecat." We know the "bucks" existed and once rode their horses over Oklahoma. That world was real. We know that the "firecat" is imaginary, and as a creature of the imagination it has blazing eyes and leaps faster than galloping horses. The "bucks" belong to a large contingent of the real human race that since prehistorical days have feared imagined creatures.
What is it about the firecat that inspires such fear in the warriors' hearts?
One plausible perspective is to see the firecat as a descendant of the poet William Blake's famous [[The Tyger|"Tyger"]]:
<poem>
::In what distant deeps or skies.
::Burnt the fire of thine eyes?
</poem>
| 2016-10-07T02:18:50Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745138542 | '''''The White Man's Burden: The United States and the Philippine Islands''''' is a poem by [[Rudyard Kipling]] written in 1897–1899.<ref name="source">"The White Man's Burden". McClure's Magazine 18 (Feb. 1899).</ref>
Originally, Kipling wrote the poem for the [[Diamond Jubilee]] celebration of [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]'s reign (22 June 1897), but it was exchanged for the poem "[[Recessional (poem)|Recessional]]," also by Kipling.
The poem as published was rewritten to address the American conquest of the [[Philippine Islands]] from [[Spanish Empire|Imperial Spain]] in the three-month [[Spanish–American War]] (1898). Published in the 10 February 1899 edition of ''[[McClure's|McLure's Magazine]]'', it has been taken as marking the birth of the [[American Imperialism|American Empire]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Judd, Denis |title=Diamonds are forever: Kipling's imperialism; poems of Rudyard Kipling |journal=History Today|date=June 1997 |volume=47 |issue=6 |pages=37}}: "Theodore Roosevelt . . . thought the verses 'rather poor poetry, but good sense from the expansionist stand-point'. Henry Cabot Lodge told Roosevelt, in turn: 'I like it. I think it is better poetry than you say.' "</ref><ref name="Norton">Stephen Greenblatt (ed.), ''Norton Anthology of English Literature'', New York 2006 ISBN 0-393-92532-3.</ref> | 2016-10-19T13:24:10Z | "'''The White Man's Burden: The United States and the Philippine Islands'''" (1899), by [[Rudyard Kipling]], is a poem about the [[Philippine–American War]] (1899–1902), which was published in ''[[McClure's|McLure's Magazine]]''.<ref name="source">"The White Man's Burden". McClure's Magazine 18 (Feb. 1899).</ref>
Originally, Kipling wrote the poem for the [[Diamond Jubilee]] celebration of [[Victoria of the United Kingdom|Queen Victoria]]'s reign (1837–1901), but it was exchanged for the poem "[[Recessional (poem)|Recessional]]," also by Kipling. Later, he rewrote the text of "The White Man's Burden" to address the American colonization of the [[Philippine Islands]], a Pacific Ocean archipelago conquered from [[Spanish Empire|Imperial Spain]], in the three-month [[Spanish–American War]] (1898); the birth of the [[American Imperialism|American Empire]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Judd, Denis |title=Diamonds are forever: Kipling's imperialism; poems of Rudyard Kipling |journal=History Today|date=June 1997 |volume=47 |issue=6 |pages=37}}: "Theodore Roosevelt . . . thought the verses 'rather poor poetry, but good sense from the expansionist stand-point'. Henry Cabot Lodge told Roosevelt, in turn: 'I like it. I think it is better poetry than you say.' "</ref><ref name="Norton">Stephen Greenblatt (ed.), ''Norton Anthology of English Literature'', New York 2006 ISBN 0-393-92532-3.</ref>
The title and themes of "The White Man's Burden" ostensibly make the poem about [[Eurocentrism|Eurocentric]] [[racism]] and about the belief of the Western world that industrialisation is the way to civilise the Third World.<ref>"Eurocentrism", ''Encyclopedia of the Developing World'', Thomas M. Leonard, Taylor & Francis, eds. 2006, ISBN 0-415-97662-6, p. 636.</ref><ref>Chisholm, Michael (1982). ''Modern World Development: A Geographical Perspective''. Rowman & Littlefield, 1982, ISBN 0-389-20320-3, p.12.</ref><ref>Mama, Amina (1995). ''Beyond the Masks: Race, Gender, and Subjectivity''. Routledge, 1995, ISBN 0-415-03544-9, p. 39.</ref> | 2016-10-19T13:27:28Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743872698 | Saint-Jean-de-Luz bay is situated to the east of the [[Bay of Biscay]]. It is the only sheltered bay between [[Arcachon]] and [[Spain]]. Thanks to its strong sea walls or dykes that protect the town from the full savagery of the Atlantic ocean, it has become a favourite for bathers across the Basque Coast. The seaside resort itself is relatively recent, however the port is old.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}} | 2016-09-30T12:14:05Z | Saint-Jean-de-Luz bay is situated to the east of the [[Bay of Biscay]]. It is the only sheltered bay between [[Arcachon]] and [[Spain]]. Thanks to its strong sea walls or [[dykes]] that protect the town from the full savagery of the Atlantic ocean, it has become a favorite for bathers across the Basque Coast. Although the seaside resort itself is relatively recent, the port itself is several centuries old, with the most prominent point in its history being the marriage in 1660 of Louis XIV and the Spanish princess Maria Teresa.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Miller|first1=Norman|title=Weekend to remember: St-Jean-de-Luz|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/france/730239/Weekend-to-remember-St-Jean-de-Luz.html|website=The Telegraph|accessdate=01 February 2008}}</ref> | 2016-10-11T19:18:55Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745571304 | Born Romanus Frederick Starzl, he was the son of John (born Johann) V. Starzl and Margaret Theisen. John V. Starzl was born April 9, 1865 in Webrowa (later known as Vevrov) in southwest Bohemia, the son of Josef Starzl and Magdalena Ruba. Josef Starzl immigrated with his wife and 5 children (including John) in 1878 to the USA. John V. Starzl sold his pharmacy in Chicago around the time of his marriage and moved back to [[Le Mars, Iowa]], near where his Bohemian immigrant parents had settled after immigration. There, he purchased the German-language newspaper, ''Der Herold'', which later became Le Mars Globe Post, and raised Starzl and two other surviving children.<ref name="Genealogy">"The Long Search for the Bohemian Ancestors of John V. Starzl,'' [http://starzl.pitt.edu/about/german.html The Doctor Thomas E. Starzl Website], University Library System, University of Pittsburgh</ref> Starzl started his career as a reporter for this newspaper.<ref name="Ashley1">Ashley, Lowndes (2004), pp. 112–113</ref> He reportedly started writing for [[pulp magazine]]s as part of his efforts to raise enough money for a specific goal. Said goal was to acquire ownership of the newspaper and printing establishment associated with his family. Starzl eventually achieved this goal and retired from writing.<ref name="Bleiler">Bleiler (1998), pp. 407–411</ref> Or so the story goes. His writing career indeed lasted only six years (1929–1934), during which he published about 24 stories. But it is possible that his writing career ended as his duties in the newspaper increased. A decision of necessity rather than choice. He became a partner in the ''Globe-Post'' in 1934, and sole owner and publisher in 1940. He continued in this role until 1968, when his printing plant fell victim to a fire.<ref name="Ashley1" /> He was a member of both the German Rocket Society and the [[American Rocket Society]]. Later in life, he developed an interest in [[right-wing politics]].<ref name="Bleiler" /> | 2016-10-21T22:20:18Z | Born Romanus Frederick Starzl, he was the son of John (born Johann) V. Starzl and Margaret Theisen. John V. Starzl was born April 9, 1865 in Webrowa (later known as Vevrov) in southwest Bohemia, the son of Josef Starzl and Magdalena Ruba. Josef Starzl immigrated with his wife and 5 children (including John) in 1878 to the USA. John V. Starzl sold his pharmacy in Chicago around the time of his marriage and moved back to [[Le Mars, Iowa]], near where his Bohemian immigrant parents had settled after immigration. There, he purchased the German-language newspaper, ''Der Herold'', which later became Le Mars Globe Post, and raised Starzl and two other surviving children.<ref name=''LongSearch''>"The Long Search for the Bohemian Ancestors of John V. Starzl,'' [http://starzl.pitt.edu/about/german.html The Doctor Thomas E. Starzl Website], University Library System, University of Pittsburgh</ref> Starzl started his career as a reporter for this newspaper.<ref name="Ashley1">Ashley, Lowndes (2004), pp. 112–113</ref> He reportedly started writing for [[pulp magazine]]s as part of his efforts to raise enough money for a specific goal. Said goal was to acquire ownership of the newspaper and printing establishment associated with his family. Starzl eventually achieved this goal and retired from writing.<ref name="Bleiler">Bleiler (1998), pp. 407–411</ref> Or so the story goes. His writing career indeed lasted only six years (1929–1934), during which he published about 24 stories. But it is possible that his writing career ended as his duties in the newspaper increased. A decision of necessity rather than choice. He became a partner in the ''Globe-Post'' in 1934, and sole owner and publisher in 1940. He continued in this role until 1968, when his printing plant fell victim to a fire.<ref name="Ashley1" /> He was a member of both the German Rocket Society and the [[American Rocket Society]]. Later in life, he developed an interest in [[right-wing politics]].<ref name="Bleiler" /> | 2016-10-21T22:51:53Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745277364 | In 2000, 0.17% (2,232 of 1,313,000) of all abortions in the United States were performed using this procedure,<ref>Guttmacher.org [http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3500603.html Abortion Incidence and Services in the United States in 2000]</ref> however, it has developed into a focal point of the [[abortion debate]]. It was outlawed in most cases by the 2003 [[Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act]], which was upheld in the case of ''[[Gonzales v. Carhart]]''.<ref name=Gonzales/><ref name=naf>{{cite book |title = Management of Unintended and Abnormal Pregnancy |year = 2011 |first1 = Maureen |last1 = Paul |first2 = Steve |last2 = Lichtenberg |first3 = Lynn |last3 = Borgatta |first4 = David A. |last4 = Grimes |first5 = Phillip G. |last5 = Stubblefield |first6 = Mitchell D. |last6 = Creinin |publisher = John Wiley and Sons}}</ref> | 2016-10-18T10:14:43Z | In 2000, although only 0.17% (2,232 of 1,313,000) of all abortions in the United States were performed using this procedure,<ref>Guttmacher.org [http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3500603.html Abortion Incidence and Services in the United States in 2000]</ref> it has developed into a focal point of the [[abortion debate]]. It was outlawed in most cases by the 2003 [[Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act]], which was upheld in the case of ''[[Gonzales v. Carhart]]''.<ref name=Gonzales/><ref name=naf>{{cite book |title = Management of Unintended and Abnormal Pregnancy |year = 2011 |first1 = Maureen |last1 = Paul |first2 = Steve |last2 = Lichtenberg |first3 = Lynn |last3 = Borgatta |first4 = David A. |last4 = Grimes |first5 = Phillip G. |last5 = Stubblefield |first6 = Mitchell D. |last6 = Creinin |publisher = John Wiley and Sons}}</ref>
| 2016-10-20T06:53:56Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743400281 | | clubname = '''Bruk-Bet Termalica Nieciecza'''
| image = LKS Nieciecza logo.png
| fullname = Bruk-Bet Trmalica<br />Nieciecza Klub Sportowy
| founded = 1922
| season = [[2015–16 Ekstraklasa|2015–16]]
| pattern_la1=|pattern_b1=|pattern_ra1=|
| leftarm1=FFA500|body1=FFA500|rightarm1=FFA500|shorts1=FFA500|socks1=FFA500|
| pattern_la2=|pattern_b2=|pattern_ra2=|
| leftarm2=0000FF|body2=0000FF|rightarm2=0000FF|shorts2=0000FF|socks2=0000FF|
| current = 2016–17 Ekstraklasa | 2016-10-03T20:11:16Z | | season = [[2015–16 Ekstraklasa|2015–16]]
| current = 2016–17 Ekstraklasa
| pattern_la1=
| pattern_la2=
| pattern_b2 =
| pattern_ra1 =
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| leftarm1=FFA500
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| clubname =
| image = LKS Nieciecza logo.png
| fullname = Bruk-Bet Termalica<br />Nieciecza Klub Sportowy
| founded = 1922
| pattern_b1 =
|
|
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| | 2016-10-09T13:42:29Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=742968547 | {{refimprove section|date=June 2014}}
For pure [[Internet Protocol]] (IP) forwarding function, a router is designed to minimize the [[State (computer science)|state]] information associated with individual packets.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Roberts|first1=Lawrence|title=The Next Generation of IP - Flow Routing|url=http://www.packet.cc/files/FlowPaper/NextGenerationofIP-FlowRouting.htm|accessdate=22 February 2015|date=22 July 2003}}</ref> The main purpose of a router is to connect multiple networks and forward packets destined either for its own networks or other networks. A router is considered a [[layer-3]] device because its primary forwarding decision is based on the information in the layer-3 IP packet, specifically the destination IP address. When each router receives a packet, it searches its routing table to find the best match between the destination IP address of the packet and one of the network addresses in the routing table. Once a match is found, the packet is encapsulated in the [[layer-2]] data link frame for that outgoing interface. A router typically does not look into the packet payload,{{citation needed|date=June 2014}} but only at the layer-3 addresses to make a forwarding decision, plus optionally other information in the header for hints on, for example, [[quality of service]] (QoS). Once a packet is forwarded, the router does not retain any historical information about the packet.{{efn|The forwarding action can be collected into the statistical data, if so configured.}}
The routing table itself can contain information derived from a variety of sources, such as a [[default route|default]] or [[static route]] that is configured manually, or [[routing protocol|dynamic routing protocols]] where the router learns routes from other routers. A default route is one that is used to route all traffic whose destination does not otherwise appear in the routing table; this is common –  even necessary –  in small networks, such as a home or small business where the default route simply sends all non-local traffic to the [[Internet service provider]]. The default route can be manually configured (as a [[static route]]), or learned by dynamic routing protocols, or be obtained by [[DHCP]].<ref>{{cite web|author=David Davis|title=Cisco administration 101: What you need to know about default routes|url=http://www.techrepublic.com/article/cisco-administration-101-what-you-need-to-know-about-default-routes|date=Apr 19, 2007}}</ref> (A router can serve as a DHCP client or as a DHCP server.) A router can run more than one [[routing protocol]] at a time, particularly if it serves as an autonomous system border router between parts of a network that run different routing protocols; if it does so, then redistribution may be used (usually selectively) to share information between the different protocols running on the same router.<ref>{{cite book|author=Diane Teare|title=Implementing Cisco IP Routing (ROUTE): Foundation Learning Guide|pages=330–334|publisher=[[Cisco Press]]|date=Mar 2013}}</ref>
Forwarding decisions can involve decisions at layers other than layer 3. A function that forwards based on layer 2 information is properly called a [[network bridge|bridge]]. This function is referred to as layer 2 bridging, as the addresses it uses to forward the traffic are layer 2 addresses (e.g. [[MAC address]]es on [[Ethernet]]).
Yet another function a router performs is called [[policy-based routing]] where special rules are constructed to override the rules derived from the routing table when a packet forwarding decision is made.<ref>{{cite book|author=Diane Teare|title=Implementing Cisco IP Routing (ROUTE): Foundation Learning Guide|pages=330–334|publisher=[[Cisco Press]]|date=Mar 2013|chapter=Chapter 5: Implementing Path Control}}</ref>
Besides making a decision as to which interface a packet is forwarded to, which is handled primarily via the routing table, a router also has to manage congestion when packets arrive at a rate higher than the router can process. Three policies commonly used in the Internet are [[tail drop]], [[random early detection]] (RED), and [[weighted random early detection]] (WRED). Tail drop is the simplest and most easily implemented; the router simply drops packets once the length of the queue exceeds the size of the buffers in the router. RED probabilistically drops datagrams early when the queue exceeds a pre-configured portion of the buffer, until a pre-determined max, when it becomes tail drop. WRED requires a weight on the average queue size to act upon when the traffic is about to exceed the pre-configured size, so that short bursts will not trigger random drops.
Another function a router performs is to decide which packet should be processed first when multiple queues exist. This is managed through QoS, which is critical when [[Voice over IP]] is deployed, so that delays between packets do not exceed 150ms to maintain the quality of voice conversations.
These functions may be performed through the same internal paths that the packets travel inside the router. Some of the functions may be performed through an [[application-specific integrated circuit]] (ASIC) to avoid overhead caused by multiple CPU cycles, and others may have to be performed through the CPU as these packets need special attention that cannot be handled by an ASIC. | 2016-09-23T19:23:51Z | The main purpose of a router is to connect multiple networks and forward packets destined either for its own networks or other networks. A router is considered a [[layer-3]] device because its primary forwarding decision is based on the information in the layer-3 IP packet, specifically the destination IP address. When a router receives a packet, it searches its routing table to find the best match between the destination IP address of the packet and one of the addresses in the routing table. Once a match is found, the packet is encapsulated in the [[layer-2]] data link frame for the outgoing interface indicated in the table entry. A router typically does not look into the packet payload,{{citation needed|date=June 2014}} but only at the layer-3 addresses to make a forwarding decision, plus optionally other information in the header for hints on, for example, [[quality of service]] (QoS). For pure IP forwarding, a router is designed to minimize the [[State (computer science)|state]] information associated with individual packets.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Roberts|first1=Lawrence|title=The Next Generation of IP - Flow Routing|url=http://www.packet.cc/files/FlowPaper/NextGenerationofIP-FlowRouting.htm|accessdate=22 February 2015|date=22 July 2003}}</ref> Once a packet is forwarded, the router does not retain any historical information about the packet.{{efn|The forwarding action can be collected into the statistical data, if so configured.}}
The routing table itself can contain information derived from a variety of sources, such as a [[default route|default]] or [[static route]]s that are configured manually, or [[routing protocol|dynamic routing protocols]] where the router learns routes from other routers. A default route is one that is used to route all traffic whose destination does not otherwise appear in the routing table; this is common –  even necessary –  in small networks, such as a home or small business where the default route simply sends all non-local traffic to the [[Internet service provider]]. The default route can be manually configured (as a [[static route]]), or learned by dynamic routing protocols, or be obtained by [[DHCP]].{{efn|A router can serve as a DHCP client or as a DHCP server.}}<ref>{{cite web|author=David Davis|title=Cisco administration 101: What you need to know about default routes|url=http://www.techrepublic.com/article/cisco-administration-101-what-you-need-to-know-about-default-routes|date=Apr 19, 2007}}</ref>
A router can run more than one routing protocol at a time, particularly if it serves as an autonomous system border router between parts of a network that run different routing protocols; if it does so, then redistribution may be used (usually selectively) to share information between the different protocols running on the same router.<ref>{{cite book|author=Diane Teare|title=Implementing Cisco IP Routing (ROUTE): Foundation Learning Guide|pages=330–334|publisher=[[Cisco Press]]|date=Mar 2013}}</ref>
Besides making a decision as to which interface a packet is forwarded to, which is handled primarily via the routing table, a router also has to manage congestion when packets arrive at a rate higher than the router can process. Three policies commonly used in the Internet are [[tail drop]], [[random early detection]] (RED), and [[weighted random early detection]] (WRED). Tail drop is the simplest and most easily implemented; the router simply drops new incoming packets once the length of the queue exceeds the size of the buffers in the router. RED probabilistically drops datagrams early when the queue exceeds a pre-configured portion of the buffer, until a pre-determined max, when it becomes tail drop. WRED requires a weight on the average queue size to act upon when the traffic is about to exceed the pre-configured size, so that short bursts will not trigger random drops.
Another function a router performs is to decide which packet should be processed first when multiple queues exist. This is managed through QoS, which is critical when [[Voice over IP]] is deployed, so as not to introduce excessive [[Latency (audio)|latency]].
Yet another function a router performs is called [[policy-based routing]] where special rules are constructed to override the rules derived from the routing table when a packet forwarding decision is made.<ref>{{cite book|author=Diane Teare|title=Implementing Cisco IP Routing (ROUTE): Foundation Learning Guide|pages=330–334|publisher=[[Cisco Press]]|date=Mar 2013|chapter=Chapter 5: Implementing Path Control}}</ref>
Router functions may be performed through the same internal paths that the packets travel inside the router. Some of the functions may be performed through an [[application-specific integrated circuit]] (ASIC) to avoid overhead caused by multiple CPU cycles, and others may have to be performed through the CPU as these packets need special attention that cannot be handled by an ASIC. | 2016-10-06T23:34:48Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744413387 | |data4= Al-[[Yemen]] (594 AD)
|data7= Being a loyal companion of [[Muhammad]] and ʻ[[Ali]]<ref name="World Federation">"Desecration of the Shrines of the Companions of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (saw)– Ammar Ibn Yassir and Uwais Al-Qarani in Raqqa, Syria." World Federation. N.p., 05 Aug. 2013. Web. 25 Aug. 2013. <http://www.world-federation.org/Secretariat/Articles/Desecration_graves_companions_Holy_Prophet_Muhammad_SAW_Ammar_ibn_Yassir_Uwais_alQarani_Raqq_Syria.htm>.</ref>
|data10= [[al-Raqqah]], Arab Republic of [[Syria]], the [[Levant]]<ref name="PressTV">"Militants Blow up Muslim Shrine in Syria's Raqqa." PressTV. N.p., 12 Mar. 2013. Web. 02 Aug. 2013. <http://www.presstv.com/detail/2013/03/12/293239/militants-destroy-muslim-shrine-in-syria/></ref><ref name="World Federation"/>
|data12= Martyrdom in the [[Battle of Siffeen]], [[Al-Sham]]<ref name="World Federation"/>
'''Uwais ibn Unais al-Qarani''' ({{lang-ar|أويـس ابـن أنـيـس الـقـرني}}), was a [[Sufi]] and [[Muslim]] [[martyr]] from the [[Yemen]] who lived during the lifetime of Muhammad.<ref>Beale, ''Oriental Bibliotheca''</ref> As reported by [[Ibn Battuta]], Uwais was killed in the [[Battle of Siffeen]] as a soldier in Imam ʻAli's army. Uwais's burial-place was in al-Raqqah, Syria before it was destroyed by radical Islamists in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=c88_1401464558 |title=The Moment Isis Detonated a More Than 500 Year old Shrine |date= 30 May 2014 |accessdate=21 June 2014 }}</ref> Another shrine was constructed in his honor in [[Baykan]], in the [[Siirt Province]] of [[Turkey]].<ref>''Encyclopedia of Islam'', ''Owais Karni''</ref>
Uwais's father, ʻAbdullah, was a strong [[Muslim]] believer and died when Uwais was young. Not long after a meeting with [[Ali]], Uwais al-Qarani left {{Not a typo|Qaran}} for [[Kufa]], [[Iraq]]. He was considered one of Shiat Ali (companion of Ali and one who followed the teachings of Ali) in his time, in addition he fought for [[Ali]] against [[Muawiyah I]] at the [[Battle of Siffeen]] in 657 AD.<ref name="Muslim Saints and Mystics">Attar, ''Muslim Saints and Mystics'', trans. A.J. Arberry, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1983</ref> | 2016-10-13T17:50:04Z | |data4= [[Yemen]] (594 AD)
|data7= Being a loyal companion of [[Muhammad]] and [[Ali]] <ref name="World Federation">"Desecration of the Shrines of the Companions of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (saw)– Ammar Ibn Yassir and Uwais Al-Qarani in Raqqa, Syria." World Federation. N.p., 05 Aug. 2013. Web. 25 Aug. 2013. <http://www.world-federation.org/Secretariat/Articles/Desecration_graves_companions_Holy_Prophet_Muhammad_SAW_Ammar_ibn_Yassir_Uwais_alQarani_Raqq_Syria.htm>.</ref>
|data10= [[al-Raqqah]], [[Syria]]<ref name="PressTV">"Militants Blow up Muslim Shrine in Syria's Raqqa." PressTV. N.p., 12 Mar. 2013. Web. 02 Aug. 2013. <http://www.presstv.com/detail/2013/03/12/293239/militants-destroy-muslim-shrine-in-syria/></ref><ref name="World Federation"/>
|data12= Killed in the [[Battle of Siffeen]]<ref name="World Federation"/>
'''Uwais al-Qarani''' {{lang-ar|أويس بن انيس القرني}}, was a [[Sufi]] and [[Muslim]] [[martyr]], he was from [[Yemen]]. He lived during the lifetime of [[Muhammad]].<ref>Beale, ''Oriental Bibliotheca''</ref> As reported by [[Ibn Battuta]], Uwais was killed in the [[Battle of Siffeen]] as a soldier in [[Imam Ali|Imam Ali's]] army. Uwais's shrine where he is buried was in [[al-Raqqah]], [[Syria]] before it was destroyed by radical Islamists in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=c88_1401464558 |title=The Moment Isis Detonated a More Than 500 Year old Shrine |date= 30 May 2014 |accessdate=21 June 2014 }}</ref> Another shrine was constructed in his honor in [[Baykan]], in the [[Siirt Province]] of [[Turkey]].<ref>''Encyclopedia of Islam'', ''Owais Karni''</ref>
Uwais's father, Abdullah, was a strong [[Muslim]] believer and died when Uwais was young. Not long after a meeting with [[Ali]], Uwais al-Qarani left {{Not a typo|Qaran}} for [[Kufa]], [[Iraq]]. He was considered one of Shiat Ali (companion of Ali and one who followed the teachings of Ali) in his time, in addition he fought for [[Ali]] against [[Muawiyah I]] at the [[Battle of Siffeen]] in 657 AD.<ref name="Muslim Saints and Mystics">Attar, ''Muslim Saints and Mystics'', trans. A.J. Arberry, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1983</ref> | 2016-10-15T01:55:39Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=743235334 | "'''I'd Wait for Life'''" was the third single released from Take That's album ''[[Beautiful World (Take That album)|Beautiful World]]''. | 2016-10-08T17:27:02Z | "'''I'd Wait for Life'''" was the third single released from [[Take That]]'s album ''[[Beautiful World (Take That album)|Beautiful World]]''. | 2016-10-08T17:50:38Z | 0 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=741388238 | '''Little River Band''' ('''LRB''') are<!-- This article is written is Australian English, which commonly treats collective nouns as plural. Please do NOT change "are" to "is". Thank you. --> a [[rock]] band originally formed in [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]], in March 1975. The band achieved commercial success, not only in Australia but also in the United States. They have sold more than 30 million records; six studio albums reached the top 10 on the Australian [[Kent Music Report]] albums chart including ''[[Diamantina Cocktail]]'' (April 1977) and ''[[First Under the Wire]]'' (July 1979), which both peaked at No. 2. Nine singles appeared in the top 20 on the related singles chart, with "[[Help Is on Its Way]]" (1977) as their only number-one hit. [[Little River Band#Top 20 U.S. singles|Ten singles reached the top 20]] on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] with "[[Reminiscing]]" their highest peaking at No. 3. Only ''First Under the Wire'' appeared in the top 10 albums on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]. | 2016-09-26T17:04:57Z | '''Little River Band''' ('''LRB''') are<!-- This article is written is Australian English, which commonly treats collective nouns as plural. Please do NOT change "are" to "is". Thank you. --> a [[Rock music|rock]] band originally formed in [[Melbourne]], [[Australia]], in March 1975. The band achieved commercial success, not only in Australia but also in the United States. They have sold more than 30 million records; six studio albums reached the top 10 on the Australian [[Kent Music Report]] albums chart including ''[[Diamantina Cocktail]]'' (April 1977) and ''[[First Under the Wire]]'' (July 1979), which both peaked at No. 2. Nine singles appeared in the top 20 on the related singles chart, with "[[Help Is on Its Way]]" (1977) as their only number-one hit. [[Little River Band#Top 20 U.S. singles|Ten singles reached the top 20]] on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] with "[[Reminiscing]]" their highest peaking at No. 3. Only ''First Under the Wire'' appeared in the top 10 albums on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]]. | 2016-09-27T05:24:47Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=744527197 | Most polygraph researchers have focused more the exam's predictive value on a subject’s guilt. However, there have been no empirical theories established to explain how a polygraph measures deception. Recent research indicates that [[Functional magnetic resonance imaging|Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging]] (fMRI) may benefit in explaining the psychological correlations of polygraph exams. It could also explain which parts of the brain are active when subjects use artificial memories.{{clarify |date=October 2016 |reason=What is an artificial memory?}}<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Bell | first1 = B. G. | last2 = Grubin | first2 = D. | year = 2010 | title = Functional magnetic resonance imaging may promote theoretical understanding of the polygraph test | url = | journal = Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology | volume = 21 | issue = 1| pages = 52–65 | doi=10.1080/14789940903220676}}</ref> Most brain activity occurs in both sides of the [[prefrontal cortex]], which is linked to response inhibition. This indicates that deception may involve inhibition of truthful responses.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Langleben | first1 = DD | last2 = Schroeder | first2 = L | last3 = Maldjian | first3 = JA | last4 = Gur | first4 = RC | last5 = McDonald | first5 = S | last6 = Ragland | first6 = JD | last7 = O'Brien | first7 = CP | last8 = Childress | first8 = AR | year = 2002 | title = Brain activity during simulated deception: an event-related functional magnetic resonance study | url = | journal = NeuroImage | volume = 15 | issue = 3| pages = 727–32 | doi = 10.1006/nimg.2001.1003 | pmid = 11848716 }}</ref> Recalling artificial memories are known to activate the [[posterior cingulate cortex]]. However, fMRIs are limited by being expensive, immobile, and having inconsistent lying responses. Some researchers believe that [[mental chronometry|reaction time]] (RT) based tests may replace polygraphs in concealed information detection. RT based tests differ from polygraphs in stimulus presentation duration, and can be conducted without physiological recording as subject response time is measured via computer. However, researchers have found limitations to these tests as subjects voluntarily control their reaction time, deception can still occur within the response deadline, and the test itself lacks physiological recording.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Verschuere | first1 = B. | last2 = Crombez | first2 = G. | last3 = Degrootte | first3 = T. | last4 = Rosseel | first4 = Y. | year = 2010 | title = Detecting concealed information with reaction times: Validity and comparison with the polygraph | url = | journal = Applied Cognitive Psychology | volume = 24 | issue = 7| pages = 991–100 | doi=10.1002/acp.1601}}</ref> | 2016-10-15T20:24:19Z | Most polygraph researchers have focused more the exam's predictive value on a subject’s guilt. However, there have been no empirical theories established to explain how a polygraph measures deception. Recent research indicates that [[Functional magnetic resonance imaging|Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging]] (fMRI) may benefit in explaining the psychological correlations of polygraph exams. It could also explain which parts of the brain are active when subjects use artificial memories.{{clarify |date=October 2016 |reason=What is an artificial memory?}}<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Bell | first1 = B. G. | last2 = Grubin | first2 = D. | year = 2010 | title = Functional magnetic resonance imaging may promote theoretical understanding of the polygraph test | url = | journal = Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology | volume = 21 | issue = 1| pages = 52–65 | doi=10.1080/14789940903220676}}</ref> Most brain activity occurs in both sides of the [[prefrontal cortex]], which is linked to response inhibition. This indicates that deception may involve inhibition of truthful responses.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Langleben | first1 = DD | last2 = Schroeder | first2 = L | last3 = Maldjian | first3 = JA | last4 = Gur | first4 = RC | last5 = McDonald | first5 = S | last6 = Ragland | first6 = JD | last7 = O'Brien | first7 = CP | last8 = Childress | first8 = AR | year = 2002 | title = Brain activity during simulated deception: an event-related functional magnetic resonance study | url = | journal = NeuroImage | volume = 15 | issue = 3| pages = 727–32 | doi = 10.1006/nimg.2001.1003 | pmid = 11848716 }}</ref> Recalling artificial memories{{clarify |date=October 2016 |reason=What is an artificial memory?}} are known to activate the [[posterior cingulate cortex]]. However, fMRIs are limited by being expensive, immobile, and having inconsistent lying responses. Some researchers believe that [[mental chronometry|reaction time]] (RT) based tests may replace polygraphs in concealed information detection. RT based tests differ from polygraphs in stimulus presentation duration, and can be conducted without physiological recording as subject response time is measured via computer. However, researchers have found limitations to these tests as subjects voluntarily control their reaction time, deception can still occur within the response deadline, and the test itself lacks physiological recording.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Verschuere | first1 = B. | last2 = Crombez | first2 = G. | last3 = Degrootte | first3 = T. | last4 = Rosseel | first4 = Y. | year = 2010 | title = Detecting concealed information with reaction times: Validity and comparison with the polygraph | url = | journal = Applied Cognitive Psychology | volume = 24 | issue = 7| pages = 991–100 | doi=10.1002/acp.1601}}</ref> | 2016-10-15T20:30:48Z | 1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:Labels?diff=745002039 | '''Christ the King College''' is a joint [[Church of England]] and [[Catholic]] [[secondary school]] and [[Sixth form|sixth form college]] located in [[Newport, Isle of Wight|Newport]] on the [[Isle of Wight]]. It was created in September 2008 by amalgamating two older schools, [[List of schools on the Isle of Wight#Former schools|Archbishop King Catholic Middle School]] and [[List of schools on the Isle of Wight#Former schools|Trinity Church of England Middle School]]. As such, the school is on two separate campuses, both located close to each other on Wellington Road. Having previously accommodated years 5 to 8, the school now takes students from years 7 to 13 after its plans to extend the age range and become a Church of England and Catholic [[high school]].<ref name="college homepage">{{cite web|url=http://www.christ-the-king.iow.sch.uk/|title=Christ the King College homepage|publisher=www.christ-the-king.iow.sch.uk|accessdate=1 June 2009}}</ref>
In the college's first academic year (2008-2009), it accommodated from the original school year ranges of both schools, 5-8. The next year, the school increased their range by 1 to include a year 9 - who were the year 8 students advancing a year - as well as taking in a new year 5 (this was the College's final whole year intake until 2012). Each year until 2013 a new higher year was added to the College's age range through the current highest year moving up. At the beginning of the college's academic year 2013-2014, it had reached its goal to become a full secondary school and sixth form. As the lowest year progressed to the consecutive years above them, the lower years they had moved up (years 5 and 6) were removed from the college's range. It was unique in the United Kingdom in accommodating these age ranges, a reflection of its transformational status from middle to high school.
The college is based on two separate campuses, each in close proximity to each other on Wellington road. One accommodates years 7 and 8, known as "Lower College", and the other accommodates years 9 to 11, known as "Upper College". | 2016-03-19T13:53:27Z | '''Christ the King College''' is a joint [[Church of England]] and [[Catholic]] [[secondary school]] and [[Sixth form|sixth form college]] located in [[Newport, Isle of Wight|Newport]] on the [[Isle of Wight]]. It was created in September 2008 by amalgamating two older schools, [[List of schools on the Isle of Wight#Former schools|Archbishop King Catholic Middle School]] and [[List of schools on the Isle of Wight#Former schools|Trinity Church of England Middle School]]. As such, the school is on two separate campuses, both located close to each other on Wellington Road. Having previously accommodated a middle school age range, the school now takes students from years 7 to 13 after its plans to extend the age range and become a Church of England and Catholic secondary school and sixth form.<ref name="college homepage">{{cite web|url=http://www.christ-the-king.iow.sch.uk/|title=Christ the King College homepage|publisher=www.christ-the-king.iow.sch.uk|accessdate=1 June 2009}}</ref>
In the college's first academic year (2008-2009), it accommodated the original age ranges that the two middle schools had before. The next year, the school increased their range to include year 9. Years 5 and 6 were removed from the school's range in the following two years. Each year, higher age ranges were progressively accommodated at the school. By the academic year 2013-2014, the school had reached its goal to become a secondary school and sixth form. It was unique in the United Kingdom in accommodating these age ranges, a reflection of its changing status from middle to secondary school.
The college is based on two separate campuses, each in close proximity to each other on Wellington road. One accommodates years 7 and 8, known as "Lower College", and the other accommodates years 9 to 11 and the sixth form, known as "Upper College". | 2016-10-18T18:54:08Z | 0 |
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