Datasets:
sohomghosh
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FinRAD_Financial_Readability_Assessment_Dataset

Dataset card Data Studio Files Community
1
terms
stringlengths
1
156
definitions
stringlengths
3
4.2k
source
stringclasses
15 values
assigned_readability
int64
0
1
flesch_reading_ease
float64
-301.79
121
flesch_kincaid_grade
float64
-3.5
55.6
smog_index
float64
0
26.5
coleman_liau_index
float64
-33.81
51.4
automated_readability_index
float64
-6.9
65
dale_chall_readability_score
float64
0.1
35.3
linsear_write_formula
float64
-0.5
73
gunning_fog
float64
0.4
56
Empirical Research
Research based on historical market data.
opod
0
31.55
10.4
0
12.98
9.8
14.46
3
9.07
Employee Stock Option
A stock option issued by company on its own stock and given to its employees as part of their remuneration.
opod
0
51.18
11.1
0
7.95
9.3
7.79
13
12
Equilibrium Model
A model for the behavior of interest rates derived from a model of the economy.
opod
0
56.25
9.1
0
6.89
6.5
10.7
10.5
14
Equity Swap
A swap where the return on an equity portfolio is exchanged for either a fixed or a floating rate of interest.
opod
0
58.62
10.3
0
7.31
9.3
9.94
13.5
14.11
Equity Tranche
The tranche that first absorbs losses.
opod
0
90.77
2.1
0
10.08
7.5
11.83
2
2.4
Equivalent Annual Interest Rate
Interest rate with annual compounding.
opod
0
15.64
12.3
0
16.56
13.1
13.36
4.5
26
Euribor
Rate in the interbank market between banks in the Eurozone.
opod
0
61.33
7.2
0
9.66
7.1
8.87
6
12
Eurocurrency
A currency that is outside the formal control of the issuing country’s monetary authorities.
opod
0
31.89
12.3
0
14.43
12.1
12.23
11
17.03
Eurodollar
A dollar held in a bank outside the United States.
opod
0
86.71
3.7
0
4.44
2.9
0.5
4
4
Eurodollar Futures Contract
A futures contract written on a Eurodollar deposit.
opod
0
46.44
8.8
0
11.56
8.5
9.95
4
8.2
Eurodollar Interest Rate
The interest rate on a Eurodollar deposit.
opod
0
55.91
7.2
0
9.06
6.3
8.5
4.5
14.23
Euro LIBOR
London interbank offered rate for euros.
opod
0
48.47
8
0
12.05
9
14.46
3
9.07
European Option
An option that can be exercised only at the end of its life.
opod
0
83.66
4.8
0
2.83
2.4
6.71
6.5
8.28
EWMA
Exponentially weighted moving average.
opod
0
-51.03
21.4
0
26.1
21.8
15.68
3
21.6
Exchange Option
An option to exchange one asset for another.
opod
0
63.36
6.4
0
6.45
4.4
7.98
4
3.2
Ex-dividend Date
When a dividend is declared, an ex-dividend date is specified. Investors who own shares of the stock just before the ex-dividend date receive the dividend.
opod
0
50.33
9.3
0
11.06
9.5
8.05
7.75
8.2
Exercise Limit
Maximum number of option contracts that can be exercised within a five-day period.
opod
0
41.36
10.7
0
12.17
10.4
11.57
8.5
14.43
Exercise Multiple
Ratio of stock price to strike price at time of exercise for employee stock option.
opod
0
73.17
6.8
0
8.4
7.7
9.64
8.5
11.33
Exercise Price
The price at which the underlying asset may be bought or sold in an option contract (also called the strike price).
opod
0
75.54
7.9
0
8.12
10.4
9.19
11.5
10.3
Exotic Option
A nonstandard option.
opod
0
34.59
9.2
0
9.23
9.9
14.31
1.5
14.53
Expectations Theory
The theory that forward interest rates equal expected future spot interest rates.
opod
0
42.38
10.3
0
15.18
12
10.81
9
14.8
Expected Shortfall
See Conditional Value at Risk.
opod
0
49.48
7.6
0
7.28
5.6
10.2
2.5
10
Expected Value of a Variable
The average value of the variable obtained by weighting the alternative values by their probabilities.
opod
0
30.87
12.7
0
15.77
13.7
11.75
10.5
14
Expiration Date
The end of life of a contract.
opod
0
106.67
0.1
0
-0.87
-1.9
6.24
2.5
2.8
Explicit Finite Difference Method
A method for valuing a derivative by solving the underlying differential equation. The value of the derivative at time is related to three values at time . It is essentially the same as the trinomial tree method.
opod
0
50.84
9.2
11.9
9.73
7.6
9.06
7.5
11.47
Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Model
A model where exponential weight- ing is used to provide forecasts for a variable from historical data. It is sometimes applied to variances and covariances in value at risk calculations.
opod
0
47.79
10.3
0
12.11
10.9
11.75
8.5
11.33
Exponential Weighting
A weighting scheme where the weight given to an observation depends on how recent it is. The weight given to an observation time periods ago is times the weight given to an observation 1 time periods ago where 1.
opod
0
60.14
9.7
0
8.3
9.3
8.25
12.25
9.85
Exposure
The maximum loss from default by a counterparty.
opod
0
46.44
8.8
0
9.35
6.7
9.95
5
13.2
Extendable Bond
A bond whose life can be extended at the option of the holder.
opod
0
83.66
4.8
0
3.7
3.2
7.93
6.5
8.28
Extendable Swap
A swap whose life can be extended at the option of one side to the contract.
opod
0
80.62
6
0
4.17
4.5
8.38
8
8.9
Factor
Source of uncertainty.
opod
0
34.59
9.2
0
11.15
11.5
14.31
1.5
14.53
Factor analysis
An analysis aimed at finding a small number of factors that describe most of the variation in a large number of correlated variables (similar to a principal components analysis).
opod
0
33.58
15.8
0
12.72
17.4
10.52
21.5
19.88
FAS 123
Accounting standard in United States relating to employee stock options.
opod
0
35.95
10.7
0
17.2
13.2
12.03
7
16
FAS 133
Accounting standard in United States relating to instruments used for hedging.
opod
0
-24.3
19.4
0
16.86
13.2
11.36
7.5
15.31
FASB
Financial Accounting Standards Board.
opod
0
8.2
13.1
0
24.65
20.6
15.68
3
21.6
Federal Funds Rate
Overnight interbank borrowing rate.
opod
0
33.58
9.6
0
21.75
18.3
11.73
3
21.6
FICO
A credit score developed by Fair Isaac Corporation.
opod
0
46.44
8.8
0
11.56
8.5
11.93
5
13.2
Financial Intermediary
A bank or other financial institution that facilitates the flow of funds between different entities in the economy.
opod
0
27.83
13.9
0
13.69
13.2
9.79
15
18.31
Finite Difference Method
A method for solving a differential equation.
opod
0
55.91
7.2
0
11.55
8.3
13.01
3.5
8.51
Flat Volatility
The name given to volatility used to price a cap when the same volatility is used for each caplet.
opod
0
77.57
7.2
0
6.85
7.9
6.24
11.5
9.71
Flex Option
An option traded on an exchange with terms that are different from the standard options traded by the exchange.
opod
0
60.65
9.5
0
10.79
11.1
8.73
10.5
7.6
Flexi Cap
Interest rate cap where there is a limit on the total number of caplets that can be exercised.
opod
0
70.13
8
0
6.9
7.7
8.92
11
11.64
Floor
See Interest Rate Floor.
opod
0
75.88
3.7
0
5.8
5.3
7.78
2
11.6
Floor-Ceiling Agreement
See Collar.
opod
0
77.91
2.9
0
-4.51
3.1
0.1
0
0.8
Floorlet
One component of a floor.
opod
0
83.32
2.9
0
1.48
0.9
7.04
2.5
10
Floor Rate
The rate in an interest rate floor agreement.
opod
0
80.28
4.1
0
7.21
4.9
7.98
4
8.2
Foreign Currency Option
An option on a foreign exchange rate.
opod
0
81.29
3.7
0
4.94
2.9
8.5
2.5
2.8
Forward Contract
A contract that obligates the holder to buy or sell an asset for a predetermined delivery price at a predetermined future time.
opod
0
49.15
11.9
0
10.39
12.3
9.03
15
14.25
Forward Exchange Rate
The forward price of one unit of a foreign currency.
opod
0
78.25
4.8
0
5.6
3.8
8.87
5
8
Forward Interest Rate
The interest rate for a future period of time implied by the rates prevailing in the market today.
opod
0
53.21
10.3
0
8.18
8.8
9.79
12
13.87
Forward Price
The delivery price in a forward contract that causes the contract to be worth zero.
opod
0
64.71
8
0
8.4
7.7
8.59
7.5
8.67
Forward Rate
Rate of interest for a period of time in the future implied by today’s zero rates.
opod
0
63.7
8.4
0
6.38
6.3
11.34
9
11.4
Forward Rate Agreement (FRA)
Agreement that a certain interest rate will apply to a certain principal amount for a certain time period in the future.
opod
0
50.16
11.5
0
10.04
11.5
9.19
13.5
14.11
Forward Risk-Neutral World
A world is forward risk-neutral with respect to a certain asset when the market price of risk equals the volatility of that asset.
opod
0
65.05
9.9
0
9.75
12.2
8.9
12.5
10.94
Forward Start Option
An option designed so that it will be at-the-money at some time in the future.
opod
0
81.63
5.6
0
5.73
6.2
7.54
6.5
6
Forward Swap
See Deferred Swap.
opod
0
93.81
0.9
0
3.43
5.2
14.31
0.5
1.2
Funding Value Adjustment (FVA)
Adjustment made to the price of a derivative for funding costs.
opod
0
68.77
6.4
0
8.97
6.8
9.92
6.5
11.67
Futures Commission Merchants
Futures traders who are following instructions from clients.
opod
0
63.36
6.4
0
18.05
13.8
11.93
5
8.2
Futures Contract
A contract that obligates the holder to buy or sell an asset at a predetermined delivery price during a specified future time period. The contract is settled daily.
opod
0
48.81
9.9
0
10.08
8.6
9.41
8.5
12.74
Futures Option
An option on a futures contract.
opod
0
73.85
4.5
0
4.28
2.8
11.83
2
2.4
Futures Price
The delivery price currently applicable to a futures contract.
opod
0
28.5
11.5
0
15.11
11.3
12.86
6.5
16.93
Futures-Style Option
Futures contract on the payoff from an option.
opod
0
71.82
5.2
0
7.9
5.6
11.93
3
3.2
Gamma
The rate of change of delta with respect to the asset price.
opod
0
93.14
3.3
0
5.03
3.8
8.18
5
4.8
Gamma-Neutral Portfolio
A portfolio with a gamma of zero.
opod
0
64.37
6
0
1.57
0.3
10.75
3.5
8.51
GAP Management
Procedure for matching the maturities of assets and liabilities.
opod
0
11.58
13.9
0
16.38
12.4
12.86
6.5
16.93
Gap Option
European call or put option where there are two strike prices. One determines whether the option is exercised. The other determines the payoff.
opod
0
72.12
5.1
9.7
10.11
7.2
9.51
4.166667
8.3
GARCH Model
A model for forecasting volatility where the variance rate follows a mean-reverting process.
opod
0
41.36
10.7
0
16.63
14
12.78
8.5
14.43
Gaussian Copula Model
A model for defining a correlation structure between two or more variables. In some credit derivatives models, it is used to define a correlation structure for times to default.
opod
0
48.3
10.1
0
11.3
10
10.35
7.75
8.56
Gaussian Quadrature
Procedure for integrating over a normal distribution.
opod
0
5.15
14.3
0
18.16
13.7
13.01
5.5
19.94
Generalized Wiener Process
A stochastic process where the change in a variable in time has a normal distribution with mean and variance both proportional to .
opod
0
57.61
10.7
0
11.2
12.9
9.75
14.5
14.25
Geometric Average
The th root of the product of numbers.
opod
0
88.74
2.9
0
2.1
0.8
9.95
3
3.2
Geometric Brownian Motion
A stochastic process often assumed for asset prices where the logarithm of the underlying variable follows a generalized Wiener process.
opod
0
34.26
13.5
0
16.36
16.1
13.31
14
16
Girsanov’s Theorem
Result showing that when we change the measure (e.g., move from real world to risk-neutral world) the expected return of a variable changes but the volatility remains the same.
opod
0
58.96
12.2
0
11.5
17.1
11.06
16.5
14.36
Greeks
Hedge parameters such as delta, gamma, vega, theta, and rho.
opod
0
61.33
7.2
0
7.92
7.6
15.19
5
8
Guaranty Fund
Fund to which members of an exchange or CCP contribute. It may be used to cover losses in the event of a default.
opod
0
85.18
4.2
0
3.98
3
9.01
5.25
6.34
Haircut
Discount applied to the value of an asset for collateral purposes.
opod
0
43.39
9.9
0
10.54
8
11.36
6.5
11.67
Hazard Rate
Measures probability of default in a short period of time conditional on no earlier default.
opod
0
30.87
12.7
0
11.88
10.6
10.7
11.5
16.67
HDD
Heating degree days. The maximum of zero and the amount by which the daily average temperature is less than 65 Fahrenheit. The average temperature is the average of the highest and lowest temperatures (midnight to midnight).
opod
0
50.84
9.2
11.9
11.47
9.3
9.5
7.333333
9.24
Hedge
A trade designed to reduce risk.
opod
0
90.77
2.1
0
4.28
2.8
11.83
2
2.4
Hedge Funds
Funds that are subject to less regulation and fewer restrictions than mutual funds. They can take short positions and use derivatives, but they cannot publicly offer their securities.
opod
0
40.35
11.1
0
13.8
11.8
9.41
9
14.17
Hedger
An individual who enters into hedging trades.
opod
0
30.53
10.7
0
11.55
8.3
13.01
3.5
8.51
Hedge Ratio
The ratio of the size of a position in a hedging instrument to the size of the position being hedged.
opod
0
59.64
9.9
0
6.21
7.9
8.58
13
12
Historical Simulation
A simulation based on historical data.
opod
0
14.63
12.7
0
10.08
7.5
14.46
4
15.73
Historical Volatility
A volatility estimated from historical data.
opod
0
-10.76
16.3
0
15.88
12.2
14.46
5
22.4
Holiday Calendar
Calendar defining which days are holidays for the purposes of determining payment dates in a swap.
opod
0
46.78
10.7
0
12.18
11
11.34
12
13.9
IMM Dates
Third Wednesday in March, June, September, and December.
opod
0
46.44
8.8
0
13.01
11.4
0.4
5
3.2
Implicit Finite Difference Method
A method for valuing a derivative by solving the underlying differential equation. The value of the derivative at time is related to three values at time.
opod
0
49.82
9.5
0
10.14
8.4
9.75
8
11.35
Implied Correlation
Correlation number implied from the price of a credit derivative using the Gaussian copula or similar model.
opod
0
28.84
13.5
0
13.45
12.6
12.84
12.5
16.21
Implied Distribution
A distribution for a future asset price implied from option prices.
opod
0
60.31
7.6
0
11.06
8.5
12.79
5.5
8.04
Implied Dividend Yield
Dividend yield estimated using put-call parity from the prices of calls and puts with the same strike price and time to maturity.
opod
0
57.61
10.7
0
10.68
12.7
11.9
15
16.07
Implied Tree
A tree describing the movements of an asset price that is constructed to be consistent with observed option prices.
opod
0
60.65
9.5
0
12.01
12.1
11.23
12.5
13.92
Implied Volatility
Volatility implied from an option price using the Black-Scholes or a similar model.
opod
0
49.82
9.5
0
12.63
10.8
12.78
7.5
11.35
Implied Volatility Function (IVF) Model
Model designed so that it matches the market prices of all European options.
opod
0
66.74
7.2
0
9.96
8.2
11.57
6.5
8.28
Inception Profit
Profit created by selling a derivative for more than its theoretical value.
opod
0
25.46
12.7
0
12.28
9.7
10.81
8
14.8
Index Amortizing Swap
See indexed principal swap.
opod
0
50.5
7.2
0
10.15
8.8
15.68
2
11.6
Index Arbitrage
An arbitrage involving a position in the stocks comprising a stock index and a position in a futures contract on the stock index.
opod
0
48.13
12.3
0
9.75
12
10.27
16.5
16.16
Index Futures
A futures contract on a stock index or other index.
opod
0
69.79
6
0
5.02
3.4
8.87
4
4
Index Option
An option contract on a stock index or other index.
opod
0
69.79
6
0
5.02
3.4
8.87
4
4
Indexed Principal Swap
A swap where the principal declines over time. The reduction in the principal on a payment date depends on the level of interest rates.
opod
0
67.76
6.8
0
8.4
6.6
8.84
7
9.8
Initial Margin
The cash required from a futures trader at the time of the trade.
opod
0
92.12
3.6
0
5.03
4.3
7.93
5.5
5.2