Datasets:
sohomghosh
/
FinRAD_Financial_Readability_Assessment_Dataset

Dataset card Data Studio Files Community
1
terms
stringlengths
1
156
definitions
stringlengths
3
4.2k
source
stringclasses
15 values
assigned_readability
int64
0
1
flesch_reading_ease
float64
-301.79
121
flesch_kincaid_grade
float64
-3.5
55.6
smog_index
float64
0
26.5
coleman_liau_index
float64
-33.81
51.4
automated_readability_index
float64
-6.9
65
dale_chall_readability_score
float64
0.1
35.3
linsear_write_formula
float64
-0.5
73
gunning_fog
float64
0.4
56
Prepayment function
A function estimating the prepayment of principal on a port- folio of mortgages in terms of other variables.
opod
0
44.75
11.5
0
11.08
11.4
12.42
12
13.87
Principal
The par or face value of a debt instrument.
opod
0
87.72
3.3
0
2.87
1.4
9.35
4.5
8.04
Principal Components Analysis
An analysis aimed at finding a small number of factors that describe most of the variation in a large number of correlated variables (similar to a factor analysis).
opod
0
43.06
14.2
0
10.8
15.6
10.1
19
16.91
Principal Protected Note
A product where the return earned depends on the perfor- mance of a risky asset but is guaranteed to be nonnegative, so that the investor’s principal is preserved.
opod
0
51.52
13
0
10.57
15.5
11.79
17
15.49
Program Trading
A procedure where trades are automatically generated by a com- puter and transmitted to the trading floor of an exchange.
opod
0
34.26
13.5
0
11.72
12.6
10.94
14
16
Protective Put
A put option combined with a long position in the underlying asset.
opod
0
50.84
9.2
0
8.4
6.6
10.81
7
11.47
Pull-to-Par
The reversion of a bond’s price to its par value at maturity.
opod
0
67.76
6.8
0
5.5
4.2
9.5
7
11.47
Put-Call Parity
The relationship between the price of a European call option and the price of a European put option when they have the same strike price and maturity date.
opod
0
51.52
13
0
9.35
14.1
7.84
18
15.49
Put Option
An option to sell an asset for a certain price by a certain date.
opod
0
82.65
5.2
0
3.24
3
6.59
6
5.6
Puttable Bond
A bond where the holder has the right to sell it back to the issuer at certain predetermined times for a predetermined price.
opod
0
65.05
9.9
0
8.71
11.2
7.52
13.5
10.94
Puttable Swap
A swap where one side has the right to terminate early.
opod
0
85.69
4
0
4.74
3.3
7.05
5.5
8.04
Q-Measure
Risk-neutral measure.
opod
0
35.61
8.8
0
21.6
26.7
19.53
0
0.8
Quanto
A derivative where the payoff is defined by variables associated with one currency but is paid in another currency.
opod
0
35.27
13.1
0
12.01
12.1
9.57
14.5
13.92
Quasi-random Sequences
A sequences of numbers used in a Monte Carlo simulation that are representative of alternative outcomes rather than random.
opod
0
35.27
13.1
0
14.45
14.1
12.06
12.5
13.92
Rainbow Option
An option whose payoff is dependent on two or more underlying variables.
opod
0
50.84
9.2
0
10.83
8.5
10.81
7
11.47
Range Forward Contract
The combination of a long call and short put or the combination of a short call and long put.
opod
0
35.27
13.1
0
5.28
6.7
5.41
11.5
9.71
Ratchet Cap
Interest rate cap where the cap rate applicable to an accrual period equals the rate for the previous accrual period plus a spread.
opod
0
39.67
13.4
0
10.28
12.4
9.58
18.5
17.9
Real Option
Option involving real (as opposed to financial) assets. Real assets include land, plant, and machinery.
opod
0
38.48
9.8
0
12.43
10.3
10.32
4.25
8.33
Rebalancing
The process of adjusting a trading position periodically. Usually the purpose is to maintain delta neutrality.
opod
0
21.06
12.3
0
14.05
10.5
13.9
5.5
15.7
Recovery Rate
Amount recovered in the event of a default as a percent of the face value.
opod
0
81.63
5.6
0
4.92
4.9
8.59
7.5
8.67
Reference Entity
Company for which default protection is bought in a credit default swap.
opod
0
59.3
8
0
10.83
8.5
9.5
7
8.13
Repo
Repurchase agreement. A procedure for borrowing money by selling securities to a counterparty and agreeing to buy them back later at a slightly higher price.
opod
0
29.18
15.4
0
13.41
16.1
11.82
17.5
18
Repo Rate
The rate of interest in a repo transaction.
opod
0
63.36
6.4
0
5.76
3.8
9.95
5
13.2
Reset Date
The date in a swap or cap or floor when the floating rate for the next period is set.
opod
0
86.03
6
0
2.85
4.7
7.07
10.5
9.71
Restricted Stock Unit (RSU)
A unit entitling the holder to receive one share of a stock at a future time.
opod
0
80.62
6
0
4.52
4.8
7.39
8
8.9
Reversion Level
The level to which the value of a market variable (e.g., an interest rate) tends to revert.
opod
0
62.68
8.7
0
5.97
7.8
10.05
8.5
9.15
Rho
Rate of change of the price of a derivative with the interest rate.
opod
0
75.2
6
0
5.9
5
6.71
7.5
11.35
Rights Issue
An issue to existing shareholders of a security giving them the right to buy new shares at a certain price.
opod
0
59.64
9.9
0
7.95
9.3
8.58
13
14
Risk-Free Rate
The rate of interest that can be earned without assuming any risks.
opod
0
76.22
5.6
0
8.4
6.6
9.5
7
11.47
Risk-Neutral Valuation
The valuation of an option or other derivative assuming the world is risk neutral. Risk-neutral valuation gives the correct price for a derivative in all worlds, not just in a risk-neutral world.
opod
0
46.78
10.7
0
11.25
10.7
8.38
10.5
10.15
Risk-Neutral World
A world where investors are assumed to require no extra return on average for bearing risks.
opod
0
63.7
8.4
0
9.97
9.2
10.35
8
8.9
Roll Back
See Backwards Induction.
opod
0
34.59
9.2
0
15.03
14.6
9.05
1.5
14.53
Scalper
A trader who holds positions for a very short period of time.
opod
0
76.22
5.6
0
5.5
4.2
9.5
7
11.47
Scenario Analysis
An analysis of the effects of possible alternative future movements in market variables on the value of a portfolio.
opod
0
35.27
13.1
0
12.36
12.4
10.4
13.5
13.92
SEC
Securities and Exchange Commission.
opod
0
-8.73
15.5
0
21.75
18.3
11.73
3
21.6
Securitization
Procedure for distributing the risks in a portfolio of assets.
opod
0
52.87
8.4
0
11.4
8.5
12.03
7
16
SEF
See Swap Execution Facility.
opod
0
-8.73
15.5
0
11.6
10
15.68
3
21.6
Settlement Price
The average of the prices that a contract trades for immediately before the bell signaling the close of trading for a day. It is used in mark-to-market calculations.
opod
0
57.27
8.8
0
9.91
8.8
8.84
8.5
11.31
Sharpe Ratio
Ratio of excess return over risk-free rate to standard deviation of the excess return.
opod
0
48.81
9.9
0
11.53
10.1
9.97
7
8.46
Short Hedge
A hedge where a short futures position is taken.
opod
0
79.26
4.4
0
6.06
4
9.35
4.5
8.04
Short Position
A position assumed when traders sell shares they do not own.
opod
0
85.69
4
0
7.35
5.5
9.92
5.5
8.04
Short Rate
The interest rate applying for a very short period of time.
opod
0
68.77
6.4
0
6.82
5
8.49
7.5
15.31
Short Selling
Selling in the market shares that have been borrowed from another investor.
opod
0
67.76
6.8
0
12.28
9.7
9.5
6
4.8
Short-Term Risk-Free Rate
See Short Rate.
opod
0
119.19
-2.7
0
-2.38
0.5
0.15
0.5
1.2
Shout Option
An option where the holder has the right to lock in a minimum value for the payoff at one time during its life.
opod
0
73.51
8.7
0
5.23
8.3
6.84
12.5
10.94
Simulation
See Monte Carlo Simulation.
opod
0
33.58
9.6
0
10.15
8.8
15.68
2
11.6
Specialist
An individual responsible for managing limit orders on some exchanges. The specialist does not make the information on outstanding limit orders available to other traders.
opod
0
33.41
11.7
0
15.47
12.5
11.2
8.25
14.6
Spot Interest Rate
See Zero-Coupon Interest Rate.
opod
0
33.58
9.6
0
13.05
12.4
15.68
3
11.6
Spot Price
The price for immediate delivery.
opod
0
32.56
10
0
10.76
8.4
10.2
3.5
18
Spot Volatilities
The volatilities used to price a cap when a different volatility is used for each caplet.
opod
0
72.16
7.2
0
8.87
8.4
7.39
11
11.4
Spread Option
An option where the payoff is dependent on the difference between two market variables.
opod
0
57.27
8.8
0
12.35
10.5
8.84
8
8.46
Spread Transaction
A position in two or more options of the same type.
opod
0
85.69
4
0
2.65
1.6
8.49
5.5
8.04
Stack and Roll
Procedure where short-term futures contracts are rolled forward to create long-term hedges.
opod
0
59.3
8
0
19.07
16
12.13
6
8.13
Static Hedge
A hedge that does not have to be changed once it is initiated.
opod
0
92.12
3.6
0
3.7
3.2
7.93
6.5
8.28
Static Options Replication
A procedure for hedging a portfolio that involves finding another portfolio of approximately equal value on some boundary.
opod
0
27.83
13.9
0
15.95
15
10.67
14
13.87
Step-up Swap
A swap where the principal increases over time in a predetermined way.
opod
0
59.3
8
0
9.85
7.7
9.5
8
14.8
Sticky Cap
Interest rate cap where the cap rate applicable to an accrual period equals the capped rate for the previous accrual period plus a spread.
opod
0
47.12
12.7
0
10.57
13.1
10.09
19
17.93
Stochastic Process
An equation describing the probabilistic behavior of a stochastic variable.
opod
0
19.03
13.1
0
18.94
14.7
13.61
8
20
Stochastic Variable
A variable whose future value is uncertain.
opod
0
55.91
7.2
0
9.87
7
10.75
3.5
8.51
Stock Dividend
A dividend paid in the form of additional shares.
opod
0
62.34
6.8
0
6.7
4.5
9.35
5.5
12.49
Stock Index
An index monitoring the value of a portfolio of stocks.
opod
0
52.87
8.4
0
7.34
5.2
10.45
6
12
Stock Index Futures
Futures on a stock index.
opod
0
83.32
2.9
0
1.48
0.9
10.2
1.5
2
Stock Index Option
An option on a stock index.
opod
0
90.77
2.1
0
-0.54
-1.2
9.2
2
2.4
Stock Option
Option on a stock.
opod
0
92.8
1.3
0
-2.91
-1.9
7.78
1
1.6
Stock Split
The conversion of each existing share into more than one new share.
opod
0
76.22
5.6
0
8.4
6.6
6.86
7
11.47
Storage Costs
The costs of storing a commodity.
opod
0
56.93
6.8
0
5.27
3.6
11.83
3
9.07
Straddle
A long position in a call and a put with the same strike price.
opod
0
99.57
2.9
0
2.43
2.4
6.59
7
8.46
Strangle
A long position in a call and a put with different strike prices.
opod
0
83.66
4.8
0
5.03
4.3
7.93
7.5
8.28
Strap
A long position in two call options and one put option with the same strike price.
opod
0
80.62
6
0
6.38
6.3
8.38
8
8.9
Stressed VaR
Value at risk calculated using historical simulation from a period of stressed market conditions.
opod
0
14.97
14.7
0
16.52
13.8
13.35
12
19.89
Stress Testing
Testing of the impact of extreme market moves on the value of a portfolio.
opod
0
65.73
7.6
0
7.01
6.1
9.97
7
8.46
Strike Price
The price at which the asset may be bought or sold in an option contract (also called the exercise price).
opod
0
76.56
7.6
0
7.08
9.1
8.58
11
10
Strip
A long position in one call option and two put options with the same strike price.
opod
0
80.62
6
0
6.38
6.3
8.38
8
8.9
Strip Bonds
Zero-coupon bonds created by selling the coupons on Treasury bonds separately from the principal.
opod
0
40.35
11.1
0
16.12
13.8
14.48
11
14.17
Subprime Mortgage
Mortgage granted to borrower with a poor credit history or no credit history.
opod
0
41.36
10.7
0
10.37
8.6
9.14
8.5
8.28
Swap
An agreement to exchange cash flows in the future according to a prearranged formula.
opod
0
57.27
8.8
0
11.53
9.8
11.1
9
14.17
Swap Execution Facility
Electronic platform for trading over-the-counter derivatives.
opod
0
-10.76
16.3
0
30.38
25.5
11.83
5
15.73
Swap Rate
The fixed rate in an interest rate swap that causes the swap to have a value of zero.
opod
0
78.59
6.8
0
4
5.4
8.92
9
9.42
Swaption
An option to enter into an interest rate swap where a specified fixed rate is exchanged for floating.
opod
0
61.67
9.1
0
9.16
9.6
10.67
11
11.64
Swing Option
Energy option in which the rate of consumption must be between a minimum and maximum level. There is usually a limit on the number of times the option holder can change the rate at which the energy is consumed.
opod
0
60.14
9.7
0
8.01
9.1
8.25
12.75
12.93
Synthetic CDO
A CDO created by selling credit default swaps.
opod
0
63.36
6.4
0
7.9
5.6
15.88
4
8.2
Synthetic Option
An option created by trading the underlying asset.
opod
0
29.52
11.1
0
10.8
7.9
13.9
5
13.2
Systematic Risk
Risk that cannot be diversified away.
opod
0
56.93
6.8
0
9.15
6.7
9.2
3
9.07
Systemic Risk
Risk that a default by one financial institution will lead to defaults by other financial instutions.
opod
0
38.32
11.9
0
13.22
11.9
10.35
12
13.9
Tailing the Hedge
A procedure for adjusting the number of futures contracts used for hedging to reflect daily settlement.
opod
0
38.32
11.9
0
13.98
12.5
10.35
11
11.4
Tail Loss
See Conditional Value at Risk.
opod
0
49.48
7.6
0
7.28
5.6
10.2
2.5
10
Take-and-Pay Option
See Swing Option.
opod
0
93.81
0.9
0
1.52
3.6
9.05
0.5
1.2
TED Spread
The difference between 3-month LIBOR and the 3-month T-Bill rate.
opod
0
78.25
4.8
0
11.4
9.9
8.87
5
4
Tenor
Frequency of payments.
opod
0
34.59
9.2
0
11.15
11.5
14.31
1.5
14.53
Term Structure of Interest Rates
The relationship between interest rates and their maturities.
opod
0
21.06
12.3
0
18.81
14.4
11.93
6
18.2
Terminal Value
The value at maturity.
opod
0
33.58
9.6
0
2.9
2.9
7.78
2
11.6
Theta
The rate of change of the price of an option or other derivative with the passage of time.
opod
0
78.59
6.8
0
5.62
6.7
7.16
9
9.42
Time Decay
See Theta.
opod
0
120.21
-3.1
0
-7.41
0.8
11.63
0
0.8
Time Value
The value of an option arising from the time left to maturity (equals an option’s price minus its intrinsic value).
opod
0
51.18
11.1
0
9.69
11.2
10.16
12
12
Timing Adjustment
Adjustment made to the forward value of a variable to allow for the timing of a payoff from a derivative.
opod
0
51.18
11.1
0
7.37
8.8
8.58
12
12
Total Return Swap
A swap where the return on an asset such as a bond is exchanged for LIBOR plus a spread. The return on the asset includes income such as coupons and the change in value of the asset.
opod
0
78.08
7
0
5.28
6.4
7.97
8.25
7.4
Tranche
One of several securities that have different risk attributes. Examples are the tranches of a CDO or CMO.
opod
0
62.34
6.8
0
8.67
6.1
10.22
5.5
8.04
Transaction Costs
The cost of carrying out a trade (commissions plus the difference between the price obtained and the midpoint of the bid-offer spread).
opod
0
57.61
10.7
0
11.72
14
8.32
15
12.44
Treasury Bill
A short-term non-coupon-bearing instrument issued by the government to finance its debt.
opod
0
42.38
10.3
0
17.1
14.8
13.44
8
8.13
Treasury Bond
A long-term coupon-bearing instrument issued by the government to finance it debt.
opod
0
50.84
9.2
0
14.72
12.5
12.13
8
8.13