Datasets:
sohomghosh
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FinRAD_Financial_Readability_Assessment_Dataset

Dataset card Data Studio Files Community
1
terms
stringlengths
1
156
definitions
stringlengths
3
4.2k
source
stringclasses
15 values
assigned_readability
int64
0
1
flesch_reading_ease
float64
-301.79
121
flesch_kincaid_grade
float64
-3.5
55.6
smog_index
float64
0
26.5
coleman_liau_index
float64
-33.81
51.4
automated_readability_index
float64
-6.9
65
dale_chall_readability_score
float64
0.1
35.3
linsear_write_formula
float64
-0.5
73
gunning_fog
float64
0.4
56
Treasury Bond Futures
A futures contract on Treasury bonds.
opod
0
73.85
4.5
0
9.15
6.7
14.46
2
2.4
Treasury Note
See Treasury Bond. (Treasury notes have maturities of less than 10 years.)
opod
0
17
13.9
0
10.37
9.3
12.13
6
8.13
Treasury Note Futures
A futures contract on Treasury notes.
opod
0
73.85
4.5
0
9.15
6.7
14.46
2
2.4
Tree
Representation of the evolution of the value of a market variable for the purposes of valuing an option or other derivative.
opod
0
-17.53
20.9
0
11.14
12.4
9.94
14.5
16.02
Trinomial Tree
A tree where there are three branches emanating from each node. It is used in the same way as a binomial tree for valuing derivatives.
opod
0
75.71
5.8
0
6.89
5.5
8.05
6.75
9.8
Triple Witching Hour
A term given to the time when stock index futures, stock index options, and options on stock index futures all expire together.
opod
0
57.61
10.7
0
9.86
12.3
7.6
12
8.8
Underlying Variable
A variable on which the price of an option or other derivative depends.
opod
0
66.74
7.2
0
7.7
6.5
9.14
6.5
8.28
Unsystematic Risk
See Nonsystematic Risk.
opod
0
9.21
12.7
0
13.12
13
14.31
1.5
14.53
Up-and-In Option
An option that comes into existence when the price of the under- lying asset increases to a prespecified level.
opod
0
43.73
11.9
0
10.5
11.1
9.57
12.5
13.92
Up-and-Out Option
An option that ceases to exist when the price of the underlying asset increases to a prespecified level.
opod
0
44.75
11.5
0
10.15
10.3
10.67
12
13.87
Uptick
An increase in price.
opod
0
92.8
1.3
0
1.45
1.8
7.78
1
1.6
Value at Risk
A loss that will not be exceeded at some specified confidence level.
opod
0
59.3
8
0
8.92
6.9
8.18
8
14.8
Variance-Covariance Matrix
A matrix showing variances of, and covariances be- tween, a number of different market variables.
opod
0
47.79
10.3
0
12.69
12.1
10.7
8.5
8.67
Variance-Gamma Model
A pure jump model where small jumps occur often and large jumps occur infrequently.
opod
0
65.73
7.6
0
10.72
9.1
8.84
7
8.46
Variance Rate
The square of volatility.
opod
0
75.88
3.7
0
7.25
6.5
7.78
2
11.6
Variance Reduction Procedures
Procedures for reducing the error in a Monte Carlo simulation.
opod
0
35.95
10.7
0
11.4
8.5
13.61
7
16
Variance Swap
Swap where the realized variance rate during a period is exchanged for a fixed variance rate. Both are applied to a notional principal.
opod
0
59.8
7.8
0
9.55
7.4
10.39
6.75
11.56
Variation Margin
An extra margin required to bring the balance in a margin account up to the initial margin when there is a margin call.
opod
0
65.05
9.9
0
7.2
9.9
7.52
11.5
9.2
Vega
The rate of change in the price of an option or other derivative with volatility.
opod
0
64.71
8
0
7.65
7.1
7.54
8.5
11.33
Vega-Neutral Portfolio
A portfolio with a vega of zero.
opod
0
64.37
6
0
0.76
-0.6
10.75
3.5
8.51
Vesting Period
Period during which an option cannot be exercised.
opod
0
37.98
10
0
10.8
7.9
9.95
5
13.2
VIX Index
Index of the volatility of the S&P 500.
opod
0
80.28
4.1
0
2.1
1.4
13.9
4
8.2
Volatility
A measure of the uncertainty of the return realized on an asset.
opod
0
50.84
9.2
0
6.95
5.4
8.18
7
11.47
Volatility Skew
A term used to describe the volatility smile when it is nonsymmetrical.
opod
0
59.3
8
0
10.37
8.1
6.86
7
11.47
Volatility Smile
The variation of implied volatility with strike price.
opod
0
63.36
6.4
0
13.7
10.3
11.93
5
13.2
Volatility Surface
A table showing the variation of implied volatilities with strike price and time to maturity.
opod
0
47.79
10.3
0
12.29
10.9
10.7
10.5
14
Volatility Swap
Swap where the realized volatility during a period is exchanged for a fixed volatility. Both percentage volatilities are applied to a notional principal.
opod
0
42.88
10.1
0
14.07
11.2
11.76
8.75
16.77
Volatility Term Structure
The variation of implied volatility with time to maturity.
opod
0
36.96
10.3
0
12.5
9.3
11.1
6.5
16.93
Volcker Rule
A rule in the Dodd-Frank Act restricting the speculative activities of banks, proposed by former Federal Reserve Chairman, Paul Volcker.
opod
0
25.8
14.6
0
15.49
16.1
14.89
15
18
Warrant
An option issued by a company or a financial institution. Call warrants are frequently issued by companies on their own stock.
opod
0
52.36
8.6
0
9.95
7.6
9.42
6.75
11.82
Waterfall
Rules determining how cash flows from the underlying portfolio are dis- tributed to tranches.
opod
0
40.35
11.1
0
14.43
12.5
13.35
11
17.03
Weather Derivative
Derivative where the payoff depends on the weather.
opod
0
46.44
8.8
0
11.56
8.5
9.95
4
8.2
Weeklys
Option created on a Thursday that expires on Friday of the following week.
opod
0
58.28
8.4
0
9.03
7.5
7.93
7.5
8.28
Wiener Process
A stochastic process where the change in a variable during each short period of time of length has a normal distribution with a mean equal to zero and a variance equal to .
opod
0
55.92
13.4
0
8.48
15.2
9.17
19.5
16.55
Wild Card Play
The right to deliver on a futures contract at the closing price for a period of time after the close of trading.
opod
0
66.07
9.5
0
6.44
9.1
9.03
13
12.44
Writing an Option
Selling an option.
opod
0
59.97
5.6
0
3.43
5.2
14.31
0.5
1.2
Yield Curve
See Term Structure.
opod
0
93.81
0.9
0
5.35
6.8
9.05
0.5
1.2
Zero-Coupon Bond
A bond that provides no coupons.
opod
0
99.23
0.9
0
4.28
2.8
11.83
2
2.4
Zero-Coupon Interest Rate
The interest rate that would be earned on a bond that provides no coupons.
opod
0
91.11
4
0
7.01
6.1
9.97
7
8.46
Zero-Coupon Yield Curve
A plot of the zero-coupon interest rate against time to maturity.
opod
0
60.31
7.6
0
9.49
7.6
11.36
7.5
11.67
Zero Curve
See Zero-Coupon Yield Curve.
opod
0
75.88
3.7
0
10.15
10
15.68
2
1.6
Zero Rate
See Zero-Coupon Interest Rate.
opod
0
33.58
9.6
0
13.05
12.4
15.68
3
11.6
advances
See discount loans.
fmi
0
93.81
0.9
0
5.35
6.8
14.31
0.5
1.2
adverse selection
The problem created by asym-metric information before a transaction occurs
fmi
0
10.56
14.3
0
18.36
14.2
15.19
8
16
agency theory
The analysis of how asymmetric information problems affect economic behavior.
fmi
0
2.11
15.5
0
20.1
15.6
15.19
9
24
American depository receipts @ADR@
A receipt for foreign stocks held by a trustee. The receipts trade on U.S. stock exchanges instead of the actual stock.
fmi
0
86.2
3.8
0
7.46
6
10.92
4.75
6.1
amortized
Paid off in stages over a period of time. Each payment on a loan consists of the accrued interest and an amount that is applied to repay the principal. When all of the payments have been made, the loan is paid off @fully amortized@.
fmi
0
81.93
5.5
8.8
6.26
6.2
7.6
7.333333
8.61
anchor currency
The currency to which a country fixes its exchange rate.
fmi
0
69.79
6
0
7.92
5.7
7.29
5
8
appreciation
Increase in a currency™s value.
fmi
0
49.48
7.6
0
8.44
6.5
13.36
2.5
10
asset
A financial claim or piece of property that is a store of value. 42,
fmi
0
74.19
6.4
0
4.11
4.1
8.84
8
11.31
asset-backed commercial paper @ABCP@
Short-term commercial paper secured by a bundle of assets, usually mortgages.
fmi
0
34.93
11.1
0
15.29
12.8
11.36
6.5
11.67
asset management
The acquisition of assets that have a low rate of default and diversification of asset holdings to increase profits.
fmi
0
43.73
11.9
0
12.36
12.4
11.23
11.5
11.81
asset market approach
Determining asset prices using stocks of assets rather than ˚ows.
fmi
0
61.33
7.2
0
13.14
9.9
15.19
5
8
asset-price bubble
An increase in asset prices that are driven above their fundamental economic values by investor psychology.
fmi
0
38.32
11.9
0
15.43
13.7
12.33
11
13.9
asset transformation
The process by which financial intermediaries turn risky assets into safer assets for investors by creating and selling assets with risk characteristics that people are comfortable with and then use the funds they acquire by selling these assets to purchase other assets that may have far more risk.
fmi
0
22.76
22
0
13.94
27.3
10.95
29
23.37
asymmetric information
The inequality of knowledge that each party to a transaction has about the other party.
fmi
0
56.25
9.1
0
9.97
9
7.54
8.5
11.33
audits
Certification by accounting firms that a business is adhering to standard accounting principles.
fmi
0
15.98
14.3
0
18.84
15.5
11.57
11.5
17.51
automated banking machine @ABM@
An electronic machine that combines in one location an ATM, an Internet connection to the bank™s Web site, and a telephone link to customer service.
fmi
0
54.56
11.9
0
11.09
14.4
10.56
16.5
16.4
automated teller machine @ATM@
An electronic machine that allows customers to get cash, make deposits, transfer funds from one account to another, and check balances.
fmi
0
58.62
10.3
0
13.4
14.9
9.94
12.5
10.3
balance of payments
A bookkeeping system for recording all payments that have a direct bear-ing on the movement of funds between a country and all other countries.
fmi
0
55.58
11.5
0
11.55
14.1
10.09
13
11.27
balance-of-payments crisis
A foreign exchange crisis stemming from problems in a country™s balance of payments. 418GlossaryZ01_MISH5006_09_GE_GLO.indd 64907/11/17 11
fmi
0
29.86
13.1
0
24.13
22.8
16.27
8
8.9
balloon loan
A loan on which the payments do not fully pay off the principal balance, meaning that the final payment must be larger than the rest.
fmi
0
63.02
10.7
0
7.84
11.6
8.67
13.5
11.6
bank failure
A situation in which a bank cannot satisfy its obligation to pay its depositors and other creditors and so goes out of business.
fmi
0
39.67
13.4
0
9.52
11.8
8.21
16.5
17.9
bank holding companies
Companies that own one or more banks.
fmi
0
89.75
2.5
0
4.94
2.9
8.5
3.5
8.51
bank panic
The simultaneous failure of many banks, as during a financial crisis. 210,
fmi
0
42.38
10.3
0
10.83
9.3
12.13
7
11.47
bank supervision
Overseeing who operates banks and how they are operated. 227banker™s acceptance
fmi
0
43.39
9.9
0
17.38
13.6
14.23
8.5
18.95
banks
Financial institutions that accept deposits and make loans @such as commercial banks, savings and loan associations, and credit unions@.
fmi
0
35.27
13.1
0
17.23
17.3
12.06
13.5
16.02
Basel Accord
An agreement that requires that banks hold as capital at least 8% of their risk-weighted assets.
fmi
0
72.16
7.2
0
10.73
10.4
11.34
8
6.4
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
A committee that meets under the auspices of the Bank for International Settlements in Basel, Switzerland, and that sets bank regulatory standards.
fmi
0
40.69
13.1
0
15.14
16.6
11.9
15
16.07
bearer instrument
A security payable to the holder or fibearerfl when presented. No proof of ownership is required. 298behavioral finance
fmi
0
53.88
8
0
12.5
9.3
11.98
5.5
12.49
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
A board with seven governors @including the chair@ that plays an essential role in decision making within the Federal Reserve System.
fmi
0
41.7
12.7
0
13.11
14.4
12.2
15.5
17.92
book entry
A system of tracking securities owner-ship where no certificate is issued. Instead, the security issuer keeps records, usually electroni-cally, of who holds outstanding securities.
fmi
0
17
13.9
0
18.08
15.4
13.44
9
13.13
branches
Additional offices of banks that conduct banking operations.
fmi
0
21.06
12.3
0
18.05
13.8
15.88
5
13.2
Bretton Woods system
The international monetary system in use from 1945 to 1971 in which exchange rates were fixed and the U.S. dollar was freely convertible into gold @by foreign gov-ernments and central banks only@.
fmi
0
47.46
14.6
0
12.14
18.9
13.12
20
16.55
brokers
Agents for investors who match buyers with sellers.
fmi
0
80.28
4.1
0
11.56
8.5
11.93
3
3.2
bubble
A situation in which the price of an asset dif-fers from its fundamental market value. 170,
fmi
0
55.24
9.5
0
8.87
8.9
10.35
9
11.4
call provision
A right, usually included in the terms of a bond, that gives the issuer the ability to repurchase outstanding bonds before they mature.
fmi
0
48.13
12.3
0
10.74
13.2
12.33
16.5
17.9
capital
Wealth, either financial or physical, that is employed to produce more wealth.
fmi
0
59.3
8
0
12.75
10.9
9.5
7
11.47
capital adequacy management
Managing the amount of capital the bank should maintain and then acquiring the needed capital.
fmi
0
47.79
10.3
0
12.69
11.2
8.59
11.5
11.33
capital buyout
Investors™ funds are pooled and used to buy a controlling interest in a public company that is then taken private.
fmi
0
59.64
9.9
0
9.98
10.9
9.37
13
12
capital call
A requirement of limited partners in a venture capital agreement to supply funds per their commitment with the partnership.
fmi
0
43.73
11.9
0
14.45
14.1
12.89
14.5
16.02
capital controls
Restrictions on the free movement of capital across the borders.
fmi
0
61.33
7.2
0
12.56
9.5
8.87
6
8
capital market
A financial market in which longer-term debt @maturity of greater than one year@ and equity instruments are traded.
fmi
0
44.75
11.5
0
12.7
13.2
11.55
13
16.09
capital mobility
A situation in which foreigners can easily purchase a country™s assets and the country™s residents can easily purchase foreign assets. 412captive finance company
fmi
0
14.29
17
0
17.82
18.5
11.64
18.5
17.9
casualty @liability@ insurance
Protection against finan-cial losses because of a claim of negligence.
fmi
0
44.41
9.6
0
15.46
12.3
13.61
7
12
central bank
The government agency that over-sees the banking system and is responsible for the amount of money and credit supplied in the economy; in the United States, the Federal Reserve System.
fmi
0
41.03
15
0
12.49
17.9
10.39
19
16
Central Liquidity Facility @CLF@
The lender of last resort for credit unions, created in 1978 by the Financial Institutions Reform Act. W-
fmi
0
53.21
10.3
0
9.8
10.6
13.3
12
13.87
coinsurance
An insurance policy under which the policyholder bears a percentage of the loss along with the insurance company.
fmi
0
36.28
12.7
0
13.05
12.7
8.92
15
16.09
collateralized debt obligation @CDO@
Securities that pay out cash ˚ows from subprime mortgage-backed securities.
fmi
0
35.95
10.7
0
18.36
14.7
12.03
7
8
collateralized mortgage obligation @CMO@
Securities classified by when prepayment is likely to occur. Investors may buy a group of CMOs that are likely to mature at a time that meets the inves-tors™ needs.
fmi
0
73.68
6.6
0
8.75
7.9
10.35
7.75
9.94
common bond membership
A requirement that all members of credit unions share some common bond, such as working for the same employer.
fmi
0
69.11
8.3
0
10.21
10.9
11.23
11.5
11.81
common stockholders
Individuals who have an ownership interest in a firm, with rights to receive dividends and vote on major corporate issues.
fmi
0
34.26
13.5
0
12.01
12.8
10.94
15
18
community banks
Small banks with local roots.
fmi
0
100.24
0.5
0
6.12
4.6
13.36
1.5
2
compensating balance
A required minimum amount of funds that a firm receiving a loan must keep in a checking account at the bank.
fmi
0
75.54
7.9
0
6.73
8.8
9.19
12.5
12.21
competitive bidding
Competing in an auction against other potential buyers of Treasury securities. 294confidential memorandum
fmi
0
-9.41
17.8
0
22.9
18.7
14
11.5
20.58
conventional monetary policy tools
Three tools of monetary policyŠopen market operations, discount lending, and reserve requirementsŠthe Federal Reserve uses to control the money supply and interest rates.
fmi
0
14.29
17
0
19.56
20.4
14.39
17.5
19.63
conventional mortgages
Mortgage contracts origi-nated by banks and other mortgage lenders that are not guaranteed by the FHA or the VA. They are often insured by private mortgage insurance.
fmi
0
57.77
8.6
0
11.53
9.8
11.32
7.25
8.36
coupon bond
A credit market instrument that pays the owner a fixed interest payment every year until the maturity date, when a specified anunal amount is paid.
fmi
0
46.1
13
0
11.09
14.2
9.93
16.5
16.4
credit-rating agencies
Investment advisory firms that rate the quality of corporate and municipal bonds in terms of the probability of default.
fmi
0
26.81
14.2
0
13.58
13.4
12.89
15.5
20.23
credit boom
A lending spree when financial institutions expand their lending at a rapid pace.
fmi
0
58.28
8.4
0
12.17
10.1
11.57
7.5
11.35