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definitions
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assigned_readability
int64
0
1
flesch_reading_ease
float64
-301.79
121
flesch_kincaid_grade
float64
-3.5
55.6
smog_index
float64
0
26.5
coleman_liau_index
float64
-33.81
51.4
automated_readability_index
float64
-6.9
65
dale_chall_readability_score
float64
0.1
35.3
linsear_write_formula
float64
-0.5
73
gunning_fog
float64
0.4
56
Pension
Pension
ncert_keec111
1
36.62
8.4
0
-4.81
12
19.48
-0.5
0.4
Per Capita Income
Per Capita Income
ncert_keec111
1
59.97
5.6
0
3.43
3.6
14.31
0.5
1.2
Permit License Raj
Permit License Raj
ncert_keec111
1
59.97
5.6
0
5.35
5.2
19.58
0.5
1.2
Planning Commission
Planning Commission
ncert_keec111
1
-6.7
14.7
0
21.6
22
19.53
1
20.8
Poverty Line
Poverty Line
ncert_keec111
1
77.91
2.9
0
1.3
5.5
11.63
0
0.8
Private Sector Establishments
Private Sector Establishments
ncert_keec111
1
-24.64
17.4
0
26.63
22.5
19.58
1.5
14.53
Provident Fund
Provident Fund
ncert_keec111
1
35.61
8.8
0
7.1
10.2
19.53
1
20.8
Public Sector Establishments
Public Sector Establishments
ncert_keec111
1
-24.64
17.4
0
24.72
20.9
14.31
1.5
14.53
Quantitative Restrictions
Quantitative Restrictions
ncert_keec111
1
-91.3
26.5
0
39
36.1
19.53
2
40.8
Regular Salaried/Wage Employee
Regular Salaried/Wage Employee
ncert_keec111
1
-24.64
17.4
0
26.63
24
24.84
2.5
27.87
Renewable Resources
Renewable Resources
ncert_keec111
1
-6.7
14.7
0
21.6
22
19.53
1
20.8
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
ncert_keec111
1
-3.32
15.5
0
19.84
15.7
15.26
5.5
19.94
Self-employed
Self-employed
ncert_keec111
1
-47.99
20.2
0
24.2
40.3
19.48
0.5
0.4
Social Security
Social Security
ncert_keec111
1
-49
20.6
0
10
12.5
19.53
1
20.8
Special Economic Zone (SEZ)
Special Economic Zone (SEZ)
ncert_keec111
1
50.5
7.2
0
8.7
8.8
19.62
2
11.6
Stabilisation Measures
Stabilisation Measures
ncert_keec111
1
-91.3
26.5
0
30.3
29
19.53
1
20.8
State Electricity Boards (SEBs)
State Electricity Boards (SEBs)
ncert_keec111
1
50.5
7.2
0
14.5
13.5
11.73
2
1.6
Stock Exchange
Stock Exchange
ncert_keec111
1
77.91
2.9
0
7.1
10.2
0.1
0
0.8
Stock Market
Stock Market
ncert_keec111
1
77.91
2.9
0
1.3
5.5
0.1
0
0.8
Structural Reform Policies
Structural Reform Policies
ncert_keec111
1
34.59
9.2
0
20.83
17.8
19.58
0.5
1.2
Tariff Barriers
Tariff Barriers
ncert_keec111
1
-6.7
14.7
0
10
12.5
19.53
1
20.8
Trade Union
Trade Union
ncert_keec111
1
120.21
-3.1
0
-1.61
3.1
11.63
0
0.8
Urbanisation
Urbanisation
ncert_keec111
1
-217.19
43.8
0
24.2
35.6
19.48
0.5
40.4
Worker-Population Ratio
Worker-Population Ratio
ncert_keec111
1
-133.6
32.4
0
30.3
31.4
19.53
1
20.8
Analysis
Understanding and explaining an economic problem in terms of the various causes behind it.
ncert_kest
1
31.89
12.3
0
13.62
11.5
12.23
11
17.03
Assumed Mean
An approximate value in order to simplify calculation.
ncert_kest
1
4.14
14.7
0
13.7
10.3
9.95
6
18.2
Attribute
A characteristic that is qualitative in nature. It cannot be measured.
ncert_kest
1
40.51
9
0
9.44
7
9.65
2.75
9.47
Bimodal Distribution
A distribution which has two mode values.
ncert_kest
1
64.37
6
0
8.24
5.6
10.75
3.5
8.51
Bivariate Distribution
Frequency distribution of two variables.
ncert_kest
1
15.64
12.3
0
18.88
15
13.36
3.5
18
Census Method
A method of data collection, which requires that observations are taken on all the individuals in a population.
ncert_kest
1
36.28
12.7
0
12.06
12.2
10.67
13
16.09
Chronological Classification
Classification based on time.
ncert_kest
1
33.58
9.6
0
13.05
11.2
11.73
2
11.6
Class Frequency
Number of observations in a class.
ncert_kest
1
56.93
6.8
0
6.25
4.3
6.57
3
9.07
Class Interval
Difference between the upper and the lower class limits.
ncert_kest
1
53.88
8
0
11.22
8.2
7.59
4.5
3.6
Class Mark
Class midpoint
ncert_kest
1
77.91
2.9
0
7.1
10.2
11.63
0
0.8
Class Midpoint
Middle value of a class. It is the representative value of different observations in a class. It is equal to (upper class limit + lower class limit)/2.
ncert_kest
1
54.18
7.9
8.8
6.98
5.6
7.1
4.5
6.56
Classification
Arranging or organising similar things into groups or classes.
ncert_kest
1
28.5
11.5
0
15.11
11.3
14.61
6.5
16.93
Consumer
One who buys goods for one’s own personal needs or for the needs of one’s family or as a gift to someone.
ncert_kest
1
82.99
7.2
0
4.59
7.6
7.6
13
10.62
Constant
A constant is also a quantity used to describe an attribute, but it will not change during calculation or investigation.
ncert_kest
1
42.72
12.3
0
11.43
12.4
8.58
13
14
Continuous Variable
A quantitative variable that can take any numerical value.
ncert_kest
1
36.96
10.3
0
12.5
9.3
9.35
5.5
12.49
Cyclicity
Periodicity in data variation with time period of more than one year.
ncert_kest
1
42.38
10.3
0
9.38
7.3
9.5
8
14.8
Decile
A partition value that divides the data into ten equal parts.
ncert_kest
1
68.77
6.4
0
7.93
5.9
9.92
5.5
8.04
Discrete Variable
A quantitative variable that takes only certain values. It changes from one value to another by finite “jumps”. The intermediate values between two adjacent values are not taken by the variable.
ncert_kest
1
52.56
8.5
9.7
11.34
8.7
8.73
5.5
7.99
Employee
One who gets paid for a job or for working for another person.
ncert_kest
1
83.66
4.8
0
3.7
3.2
6.71
6.5
5.2
Employer
One who pays another person to do or do some work.
ncert_kest
1
85.69
4
0
2.13
1.2
5.62
5.5
4.4
Enumerator
A person who collects the data.
ncert_kest
1
73.85
4.5
0
3.35
2
9.2
2
2.4
Exclusive Method
A method of classifying observations in which an observation equal to either the upper class limit or the lower class limit of a class is not put in that class but is put in the class above or below.
ncert_kest
1
48.81
16.1
0
7.09
17.5
8
22.5
18.68
Frequency
The number of times an observation occurs in raw data. In a frequency distribution it means the number of observations in a class.
ncert_kest
1
51.34
9
0
8.27
6.5
9.01
6.75
11.56
Frequency Array
A classification of a discrete variable that shows different values of the variable along with their corresponding frequencies.
ncert_kest
1
36.28
12.7
0
17.57
16.3
10.67
13
13.87
Frequency Curve
The graph of a frequency distribution in which class frequencies on Y-axis are plotted against the values of class marks on X-axis.
ncert_kest
1
57.61
10.7
0
10.91
13.1
11.9
14
14.25
Frequency Distribution
A classification of a quantitative variable that shows how different values of the variable are distributed in different classes along with their corresponding class frequencies.
ncert_kest
1
20.72
16.6
0
18.51
20.1
10.56
19.5
18
Inclusive Method
A method of classifying observations in which an observations equal to the upper class limit of a class as well as the lower class limit is put in that class.
ncert_kest
1
57.95
12.6
0
8.08
13.8
7.76
18
14.67
Informant
Individual/unit f r o m whom the desired information is obtained.
ncert_kest
1
34.93
11.1
0
9.49
7.6
17.1
6.5
11.67
Multi Modal Distribution
The distribution that has more than two modes.
ncert_kest
1
80.28
4.1
0
7.9
5.6
7.98
4
8.2
Non-Sampling Error
It arises in data collection due to (i) sampling bias, (ii) non-response, (iii) error in data acquisition.
ncert_kest
1
45.76
11.1
0
9.74
12
14.7
11.5
11.51
Observation
A unit of raw data.
ncert_kest
1
100.24
0.5
0
-5.49
-4.9
10.2
1.5
2
Percentiles
A value which divides the data into hundred equal parts so there are 99 percentiles in the data.
ncert_kest
1
70.13
8
0
7.54
8.2
8.92
8
7.2
Policy
The measure to solve an economic problem.
ncert_kest
1
64.37
6
0
8.24
5.6
10.75
3.5
8.51
Population
Population means all the individuals/units for whom the information has to be sought.
ncert_kest
1
41.36
10.7
0
13.5
11.5
10.35
8.5
14.43
Qualitative Classification
Classification based on quality. For example classification of people according to gender, marital status etc.
ncert_kest
1
4.64
14.5
0
16.31
12.5
13.48
5.75
16.33
Qualitative Data
Information or data expressed in terms of qualities.
ncert_kest
1
37.98
10
0
12.25
9.1
13.9
5
13.2
Quantitative Data
A (often large) set of numbers systematically arranged for conveying specific information on a subject for better understanding or decision-making.
ncert_kest
1
0.42
18.2
0
18.68
18.7
10.94
16
20
Questionnaire
A list of questions prepared by an investigator on the subject of enquiry. The respondent is required to answer the questions.
ncert_kest
1
60.82
7.4
0
9.95
7.6
8.67
5.25
8.01
Random Sampling
It is a method of sampling in which the representative set of informants is selected in a way that every individual is given equal chance of being selected as an informant.
ncert_kest
1
40.01
15.4
0
9.7
15.6
8.74
21.5
18.85
Range
Difference between the maximum and the minimum values of a variable.
ncert_kest
1
43.39
9.9
0
11.58
8.9
9.92
7.5
11.67
Relative Frequency
Frequency of a class as proportion or percentage of total frequency
ncert_kest
1
43.39
9.9
0
11.58
8.5
9.92
8.5
15.31
Sample Survey Method
A method, where observations are obtained on a representative set of individuals (the sample), selected from the population.
ncert_kest
1
19.37
15
0
15.31
15.5
11.55
14
18.31
Sampling Error
It is the numerical difference between the estimate from the sample and the corresponding true value of the parameter from the population.
ncert_kest
1
23.77
15.4
0
13.29
14.6
9.03
17
17.89
Seasonality
Periodicity in data variation with time period less than one year.
ncert_kest
1
34.93
11.1
0
10.54
8
9.92
7.5
15.31
Seller
One who sells goods for profit.
ncert_kest
1
99.23
0.9
0
3.35
2
9.2
2
2.4
Service Provider
One who provides a service to others for a payment.
ncert_kest
1
78.25
4.8
0
5.02
3.4
7.29
4
4
Spatial Classification
Classification based on geographical location.
ncert_kest
1
-52.05
21.8
0
25.84
20.6
16.52
4.5
26
Statistics
The method of collecting, organising, presenting and analysing data to draw meaningful conclusion. Further, it also means data.
ncert_kest
1
45.42
9.2
0
14.76
11.8
11.1
6
14.71
Structured Questionnaire Structured
Questionnaire consists of “closed- ended” questions, for which alternative possible answers to choose from are provided.
ncert_kest
1
38.32
11.9
0
19.43
17.5
12.33
12
13.9
Tally Marking
The counting of observations in a class using tally (/) marks. Tallies are grouped in fives.
ncert_kest
1
72.32
5
0
8.19
6.5
12.43
3.5
5.67
Time Series
Data arranged in chronological order or two variable data where one of the variables is time.
ncert_kest
1
55.24
9.5
0
10.32
9.6
9.36
8
8.9
Univariate Distribution
The frequency distribution of one variable.
ncert_kest
1
31.55
10.4
0
14.95
11.4
11.83
4
15.73
Weighted Average
The average is calculated by providing the different data points with different weights.
ncert_kest
1
32.9
11.9
0
15.3
12.6
11.57
11.5
14.43
Average fixed cost
Total fixed cost per unit of output.
ncert_class12_econ
1
89.75
2.5
0
4.07
2.3
15.26
2.5
2.8
Average revenue
Total revenue per unit of output.
ncert_class12_econ
1
73.85
4.5
0
5.27
3.6
17.09
2
2.4
Break-even
point is the point on the supply curve at which a firm earns normal profit.
ncert_class12_econ
1
90.09
4.4
0
5.33
5.2
9.64
6.5
6
point
Break-even is the on the supply curve at which a firm earns normal profit.
ncert_class12_econ
1
74.19
6.4
0
6.55
6.1
9.97
6
5.6
Budget line
consists of all bundles which cost exactly equal to the consumer’s income.
ncert_class12_econ
1
67.76
6.8
0
11.82
9.3
9.5
6
8.13
Budget set
is the collection of all bundles that the consumer can buy with her income at the prevailing market prices.
ncert_class12_econ
1
69.11
8.3
0
9.57
10.1
8.73
11.5
11.81
Cost function
For every level of output, it shows the minimum cost for the firm.
ncert_class12_econ
1
75.2
6
0
5.03
4.6
9.14
6.5
8.28
Decreasing returns to scale
is a property of production function that holds when a proportional increase in all inputs results in an increase in output by less than the proportion.
ncert_class12_econ
1
45.09
13.4
0
11.15
14.6
11
17
16.55
Demand curve
is a graphical representation of the demand function. It gives the quantity demanded by the consumer at each price.
ncert_class12_econ
1
53.37
8.2
0
9.94
7.4
10.76
5.75
12.22
Demand function
A consumer’s demand function for a good gives the amount of the good that the consumer chooses at different levels of its price when the other things remain unchanged.
ncert_class12_econ
1
58.96
12.2
0
10.92
15.6
9.98
15.5
11.6
Excess demand
If at a price market, demand exceeds market supply, it is said that excess demand exists in the market at that price.
ncert_class12_econ
1
66.07
9.5
0
7.25
10.1
8.32
11
8.8
Excess supply
If at a price market, supply is greater than market demand, it is said that there is excess supply in the market at that price.
ncert_class12_econ
1
71.48
9.5
0
6.22
10.5
7.4
12.5
10
Firm’s supply curve
shows the levels of output that a profit- maximising firm will choose to produce at different values of the market price.
ncert_class12_econ
1
58.62
10.3
0
10.04
11.7
10.69
12.5
10.3
Fixed input
An input which cannot be varied in the short run is called a fixed input.
ncert_class12_econ
1
81.63
5.6
0
4.57
4.6
8.59
6.5
6
Income effect
The change in the optimal quantity of a good when the purchasing power changes consequent upon a change in the price of the good is called the income effect.
ncert_class12_econ
1
58.96
12.2
0
8.89
14
8.89
18.5
17.12
Increasing returns to scale
is a property of production function that holds when a proportional increase in all inputs results in an increase in output by more than the proportion.
ncert_class12_econ
1
45.09
13.4
0
11.15
14.6
11
17
16.55
Law of demand
If a consumer’s demand for a good moves in the same direction as the consumer’s income, the consumer’s demand for that good must be inversely related to the price of the good.
ncert_class12_econ
1
55.92
13.4
0
9.06
15.8
7.69
19
15.3
Law of diminishing marginal product
If we keep increasing the employment of an input with other inputs fixed then eventually a point will be reached after which the marginal product of that input will start falling.
ncert_class12_econ
1
48.47
14.2
0
10.98
16.7
10.27
19.5
17.56
Law of variable proportions
The marginal product of a factor input initially rises with its employment level when the level of employment of the input is low. But after reaching a certain level of employment, it starts falling.
ncert_class12_econ
1
54.22
9.9
0
10.21
10.1
9.12
11
10.33
Marginal revenue
Change in total revenue per unit change in sale of output.
ncert_class12_econ
1
85.69
4
0
6.3
4.6
11.36
4.5
4.4
Marginal revenue product(MRP) of a factor
Marginal Revenue times Marginal Product of the factor.
ncert_class12_econ
1
37.98
10
0
13.7
10.3
13.9
5
8.2
Market supply curve
shows the output levels that firms in the market produce in aggregate corresponding to different values of the market price.
ncert_class12_econ
1
42.72
12.3
0
12.88
13.3
10.94
13
12
Monotonic preferences
A consumer’s preferences are monotonic if and only if between any two bundles, the consumer prefers the bundle which has more of at least one of the goods and no less of the other good as compared to the other bundle.
ncert_class12_econ
1
55.24
15.7
0
8.37
19.4
8.37
22.5
18.35