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sohomghosh
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FinRAD_Financial_Readability_Assessment_Dataset

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1
terms
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Evergreen Contract
An evergreen contract automatically renews on or after the expiry date. The parties involved in the contract agree that it rolls over automatically until one gives the notice to terminate it.
investopedia
1
31.55
16.6
0
13.24
18.7
10.27
8.75
16.27
Evergreen Funding
Evergreen funding (or evergreen finance) is the gradual infusion of capital into a new or recapitalized enterprise. This type of funding differs from the traditional funding situation in which all the capital required for a business venture is supplied up-front by venture capitalists or other investors as part of a private funding round. When the money is provided upfront, the company then invests in short-term, low-risk securities until it is ready to use the money for business operations.
investopedia
1
28.17
15.8
15.9
13.35
16.8
9.58
18
16.04
Evergreen Loan
An evergreen loan is a loan that does not require the repayment of principal during the life of the loan, or during a specified period of time. In an evergreen loan, the borrower is required to make only interest payments during the life of the loan. Evergreen loans are usually in the form of a line of credit that is continuously paid down, leaving the borrower with available funds for credit purchases. Evergreen loans may also be known as “standing” or “revolving” loans.
investopedia
1
51.82
12.9
16.3
10.22
14.9
8.62
14.375
16.38
Ex-Ante
Ex-ante refers to future events, such as the potential returns of a particular security, or the returns of a company. Transcribed from Latin, it means “before the event.”
investopedia
1
57.27
8.8
0
10.49
9.6
11.1
8
9.89
Ex-Date
The ex-dividend date, or ex-date for short, is one of four stages that companies go through when they pay dividends to their shareholders. The ex-dividend date is important because it determines whether the buyer of a stock will be entitled to receive its upcoming dividend.
investopedia
1
48.64
12.1
0
11.78
13.9
8.61
16.25
15.22
Ex-Dividend
Ex-dividend describes a stock that is trading without the value of the next dividend payment. The ex-dividend date or "ex-date" is the day the stock starts trading without the value of its next dividend payment.
investopedia
1
53.71
10.1
0
10.61
11.2
6.76
10.75
8.14
Ex Gratia Payment
An ex gratia payment is made to an individual by an organization, government, or insurer for damages or claims, but it does not require the admittance of liability by the party making the payment.
investopedia
1
28.51
17.7
0
11.09
18.7
9.97
23
19.48
Ex-Post
Ex-post is another word for actual returns and is Latin for "after the fact." The use of historical returns has customarily been the most well-known approach to forecast the probability of incurring a loss on investment on any given day. Ex-post is the opposite of ex-ante, which means "before the event."
investopedia
1
54.22
9.9
12.5
10.03
10.6
8.81
11.166667
12.29
Ex Works (EXW)
Ex works (EXW) is an international trade term that describes when a seller makes a product available at a designated location, and the buyer of the product must cover the transport costs. Ex works (EXW) is one of the 11 current Incoterms (International Commercial Terms), a set of standardized international trade terms that are published by the International Chamber of Commerce.
investopedia
1
40.52
15.2
0
13.24
18.9
11.1
19.25
15.48
Excess Capacity
Excess capacity is a condition that occurs when demand for a product is less than the amount of product that a business could potentially supply to the market. When a firm is producing at a lower scale of output than it has been designed for, it creates excess capacity.
investopedia
1
55.07
11.7
0
9.06
12.3
9.69
14.75
13.07
Excess Cash Flow
Excess cash flow is a term used in loan agreements or bond indentures and refers to the portion of cash flows of a company that are required to be repaid to a lender. Excess cash flow is typically cash received or generated by a company in the form of revenues or investments that triggers a payment to the lender as stipulated in their credit agreement.
investopedia
1
55.41
13.6
0
9.01
15.8
9.86
19.75
16.08
Excess of Loss Reinsurance
Excess of loss reinsurance is a type of reinsurance in which the reinsurer indemnifies–or compensates–the ceding company for losses that exceed a specified limit. A reinsurer is a company that provides financial protection to insurance companies; a ceding company is an insurance company that transfers the insurance portfolio to a reinsurer.
investopedia
1
20.21
16.8
0
16.13
18.4
10.47
22.25
18.04
Excess Reserves
Excess reserves are capital reserves held by a bank or financial institution in excess of what is required by regulators, creditors or internal controls. For commercial banks, excess reserves are measured against standard reserve requirement amounts set by central banking authorities. These required reserve ratios set the minimum liquid deposits (such as cash) that must be in reserve at a bank; more is considered excess.
investopedia
1
40.99
12.9
14.1
14.16
15.5
10.54
14.5
14.83
Excess Return
Excess returns are returns achieved above and beyond the return of a proxy. Excess returns will depend on a designated investment return comparison for analysis. Some of the most basic return comparisons include a riskless rate and benchmarks with similar levels of risk to the investment being analyzed.
investopedia
1
46.78
10.7
12.5
13.11
11.8
10.35
10.666667
12.23
Exchange
An exchange is a marketplace where securities, commodities, derivatives and other financial instruments are traded. The core function of an exchange is to ensure fair and orderly trading and the efficient dissemination of price information for any securities trading on that exchange. Exchanges give companies, governments, and other groups a platform from which to sell securities to the investing public.
investopedia
1
34.26
13.5
15.9
15.61
15.8
9.89
15
16.67
Exchange Control
Exchange controls are government-imposed limitations on the purchase and/or sale of currencies. These controls allow countries to better stabilize their economies by limiting in-flows and out-flows of currency, which can create exchange rate volatility. Not every nation may employ the measures, at least legitimately; the 14th article of the International Monetary Fund's Articles of Agreement allows only countries with so-called transitional economies to employ exchange controls.
investopedia
1
21.06
18.5
0
19.1
25
11.73
15.333333
20.47
Exchange of Futures for Physical (EFP)
An exchange of futures for physical (EFP) is a private agreement between two parties to trade a futures position for the basket of underlying actuals. An exchange of futures for physicals can be used to open a futures position, close a futures position, or switch a futures position for the underlying asset.
investopedia
1
36.63
14.6
0
11.03
14.8
8.27
17.5
14.25
Exchange Rate
An exchange rate is the value of one nation's currency versus the currency of another nation or economic zone. For example, how many U.S. dollars does it take to buy one euro? As of July 31, 2020, the exchange rate is 1.18, meaning it takes $1.18 to buy €1.
investopedia
1
71.85
7.3
10.5
5.86
7
9.92
8.833333
8.97
Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM)
An exchange rate mechanism (ERM) is a set of procedures used to manage a country's currency exchange rate relative to other currencies. It is part of an economy's monetary policy and is put to use by central banks.
investopedia
1
52.19
10.7
0
8.99
10.1
9.98
13.5
16.02
Exchange Ratio
The exchange ratio is the relative number of new shares that will be given to existing shareholders of a company that has been acquired or that has merged with another. After the old company shares have been delivered, the exchange ratio is used to give shareholders the same relative value in new shares of the merged entity.
investopedia
1
51.01
13.2
0
10.16
15.1
7.54
19.25
14.91
Exchange Traded Derivative
An exchange traded derivative is a financial contract that is listed and trades on a regulated exchange. Simply put, these are derivatives that are traded in a regulated fashion. Exchange traded derivatives have become increasingly popular because of the advantages they have over over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives, such as standardization, liquidity, and elimination of default risk. Futures and options are two of the most popular exchange traded derivatives. Exchange traded derivatives can be used to hedge exposure or speculate on a wide range of financial assets like commodities, equities, currencies, and even interest rates.
investopedia
1
27.22
14.1
15.6
15.55
15.3
9.65
14.1
14.32
Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF)
An exchange traded fund (ETF) is a type of security that tracks an index, sector, commodity, or other asset, but which can be purchased or sold on a stock exchange the same as a regular stock. An ETF can be structured to track anything from the price of an individual commodity to a large and diverse collection of securities. ETFs can even be structured to track specific investment strategies.
investopedia
1
56.59
11.1
13
9.75
12.4
9.58
14.5
13.84
Exchange-Traded Note (ETN)
Exchange-traded notes (ETNs) are types of unsecured debt securities that track an underlying index of securities and trade on a major exchange like a stock. ETNs are similar to bonds but do not have interest payments. Instead, the prices of ETNs fluctuate like stocks.
investopedia
1
56.55
9
12.5
10.84
10
10.11
9
11.33
Exchange Traded Product (ETP)
Exchange traded products (ETPs) are types of securities that track underlying securities, an index, or other financial instruments. ETPs trade on exchanges similar to stocks meaning their prices can fluctuate from day-to-day and intraday. However, the prices of ETPs are derived from the underlying investments that they track.
investopedia
1
38.32
11.9
14.6
15.08
14
10.35
12
13.07
Excise Tax
An excise tax is a legislated tax on specific goods or services at purchase such as fuel, tobacco, and alcohol. Excise taxes are intranational taxes imposed within a government infrastructure rather than international taxes imposed across country borders. A federal excise tax is usually collected from motor fuel sales, airline tickets, tobacco, and other goods and services.
investopedia
1
17.17
17.9
0
15.15
19.6
10.31
13.5
17.72
Exculpatory Clause
An exculpatory clause is a contract provision that relieves one party of liability if damages are caused during the execution of the contract. The party that issues the exculpatory clause is typically the one seeking to be relieved of the potential liability. For example, a venue may print an exculpatory clause on tickets it sells for a concert, indicating that it is not responsible for personal injury caused by employees or others during the show.
investopedia
1
29.18
15.4
15.5
11.84
14.8
10.14
17.166667
15.87
Execution
Execution is the completion of a buy or sell order for a security. The execution of an order occurs when it gets filled, not when the investor places it. When the investor submits the trade, it is sent to a broker, who then determines the best way for it to be executed.
investopedia
1
70.84
7.7
11.2
6.2
7.1
8.14
10.666667
10.77
Executive MBA
Executive master of business administration is a degree program similar to a master of business administration (MBA) program but specifically designed for corporate executives and senior managers already in the workforce. An executive MBA program referred to as an EMBA enables executives to earn the degree while continuing to hold their existing jobs. Typically, EMBA students are relatively senior in their fields and possess considerable work experience before entering the program.
investopedia
1
13.58
17.3
16.3
16.48
18
10.82
17.166667
16.8
Executor
An executor of an estate is an individual appointed to administer the last will and testament of a deceased person. The executor's main duty is to carry out the instructions to manage the affairs and wishes of the deceased. The executor is appointed either by the testator of the will (the individual who makes the will) or by a court, in cases wherein there was no prior appointment.
investopedia
1
48.43
12.1
14.6
9.46
11.9
9.17
15.333333
14.37
Exempt Employee
The term “exempt employee” refers to a category of employees set out in the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). Exempt employees do not receive overtime pay, nor do they qualify for minimum wage. When an employee is exempt, it primarily means that they are exempt from receiving overtime pay. Exempt employees stand in contrast to nonexempt employees.
investopedia
1
56.96
8.9
12.6
11.01
9.8
8.78
8.875
10.63
Exempt Income
Exempt income refers to certain types or amounts of income that are not subject to income tax. Some types of income are exempt from federal or state income tax, or both.
investopedia
1
72.66
7
0
7.89
7.4
6.95
7.25
7.49
Exempt-Interest Dividend
An exempt-interest dividend is a distribution from a mutual fund that is not subject to federal income tax. Exempt-interest dividends are often associated with mutual funds that invest in municipal bonds. While exempt-interest dividends are not subject to federal income tax, they may still be subject to state income tax or the alternative minimum tax (AMT). The dividend income must be reported on the income tax return and it is reported by mutual funds on Form 1099-INT.
investopedia
1
34.97
13.2
15.6
11.89
12.5
8.49
14.375
13.43
Exempt Transaction
An exempt transaction is a type of securities transaction where a business does not need to file registrations with any regulatory bodies, provided the number of securities involved is relatively minor compared to the scope of the issuer's operations and that no new securities are being issued. Exempt securities are the instruments used that the government backs, which have tax-exempt status.
investopedia
1
23.6
17.5
0
14.57
19.7
9.81
22.25
17.45
Exemption
An exemption is a deduction allowed by law that reduces the amount of income that is subject to income tax. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) previously offered two types of exemptions: personal and dependent exemptions. But with the changes brought about by the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the personal exemption is disappearing until 2025. At the same time, the standard amount that can be deducted when filing nearly doubled.
investopedia
1
61.87
9.1
13
11.08
11.3
9.63
11.875
12.19
Exercise
Exercise means to put into effect the right to buy or sell the underlying financial instrument specified in an options contract. In options trading, the holder of an option has the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell the option's underlying security at a specified price on or before a specified date in the future.
investopedia
1
42.55
14.4
0
9.75
15.1
8.93
19.25
16.31
Exercise Price Definition
The exercise price is the price at which an underlying security can be purchased or sold when trading a call or put option, respectively. It is also referred to as the strike price and is known when an investor initiates the trade.
investopedia
1
67.08
9.1
0
8.82
10.6
8.81
13
13.16
Exit Strategy
An exit strategy is a contingency plan that is executed by an investor, trader, venture capitalist, or business owner to liquidate a position in a financial asset or dispose of tangible business assets once predetermined criteria for either has been met or exceeded.
investopedia
1
10.91
22.4
0
13.54
24.8
12.01
32.5
27.43
Exogenous Growth
Exogenous growth, a key tenet of neoclassical economic theory, states that economic growth is fueled by technological progress independent of economic forces.
investopedia
1
15.31
16.6
0
18.04
18.9
12.62
19
19.71
Expanded Accounting Equation
The expanded accounting equation is derived from the common accounting equation and illustrates in greater detail the different components of stockholders' equity in a company.
investopedia
1
20.72
16.6
0
17.82
19.7
11.82
21.5
19.6
Expansion
Expansion is the phase of the business cycle where real gross domestic product (GDP) grows for two or more consecutive quarters, moving from a trough to a peak. Expansion is typically accompanied by a rise in employment, consumer confidence, and equity markets and is also referred to as an economic recovery.
investopedia
1
37.13
14.4
0
11.9
15.4
11.4
18.25
18.04
Expansionary Policy
Expansionary, or loose policy is a form of macroeconomic policy that seeks to encourage economic growth. Expansionary policy can consist of either monetary policy or fiscal policy (or a combination of the two). It is part of the general policy prescription of Keynesian economics, to be used during economic slowdowns and recessions in order to moderate the downside of economic cycles.
investopedia
1
25.49
14.7
18.2
13.05
13.9
9.56
17.166667
15.99
Expatriate
An expatriate, or ex-pat, is an individual living and/or working in a country other than his or her country of citizenship, often temporarily and for work reasons. An expatriate can also be an individual who has relinquished citizenship in their home country to become a citizen of another.
investopedia
1
21.74
16.2
0
11.55
14.4
7.46
17
13.77
Expected Loss Ratio (ELR Method)
Expected loss ratio (ELR) method is a technique used to determine the projected amount of claims, relative to earned premiums. The expected loss ratio (ELR) method is used when an insurer lacks the appropriate past claims occurrence data to provide because of changes to its product offerings and when it lacks a large enough sample of data for long-tail product lines.
investopedia
1
48.98
14
0
11.91
17.7
10.84
20.25
18.1
Expected Value (EV)
The expected value (EV) is an anticipated value for an investment at some point in the future. In statistics and probability analysis, the expected value is calculated by multiplying each of the possible outcomes by the likelihood each outcome will occur and then summing all of those values. By calculating expected values, investors can choose the scenario most likely to give the desired outcome.
investopedia
1
32.94
14
15
12.53
14
9.63
15
14.77
Expected Return
The expected return is the profit or loss that an investor anticipates on an investment that has known historical rates of return (RoR). It is calculated by multiplying potential outcomes by the chances of them occurring and then totaling these results.
investopedia
1
42.21
12.5
0
12.3
13.3
10.82
14.75
16.98
Expected Utility
Expected utility is an economic term summarizing the utility that an entity or aggregate economy is expected to reach under any number of circumstances. The expected utility is calculated by taking the weighted average of all possible outcomes under certain circumstances. With the weights being assigned by the likelihood or probability, any particular event will occur.
investopedia
1
27.11
14.1
17.5
15.03
14.5
9.92
15.666667
16.77
Expedited Funds Availability Act (EFAA)
The Expedited Funds Availability Act (EFAA) was implemented to regulate the hold periods on deposits made to commercial banks. Enacted by the U.S. Congress in 1987, the EFAA also standardized financial institutions' use of the deposit holds. The EFAA specifies the types of holds that banks can utilize on a check deposit, depending on the type of account and the amount of the deposit.
investopedia
1
55.24
9.5
13
10.79
10.4
10.35
11
13.9
Expenditure Method
The expenditure method is a system for calculating gross domestic product (GDP) that combines consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. It is the most common way to estimate GDP. It says everything that the private sector, including consumers and private firms, and government spend within the borders of a particular country, must add up to the total value of all finished goods and services produced over a certain period of time. This method produces nominal GDP, which must then be adjusted for inflation to result in the real GDP.
investopedia
1
48.64
12.1
14.2
12.25
14.3
10.72
15
14.33
Expense
An expense is the cost of operations that a company incurs to generate revenue. As the popular saying goes, “it costs money to make money.”
investopedia
1
58.79
8.2
0
8.05
6.7
9.31
7.25
9.8
Expense Ratio
An expense ratio (ER), also sometimes known as the management expense ratio (MER), measures how much of a fund's assets are used for administrative and other operating expenses. An expense ratio is determined by dividing a fund's operating expenses by the average dollar value of its assets under management (AUM). Operating expenses reduce the fund's assets, thereby reducing the return to investors.
investopedia
1
33.54
13.7
15
13.11
14.7
9.5
14.666667
13.44
Experience Rating (Insurance) Definition
An experience rating is the amount of loss that an insured party experiences compared to the amount of loss that similar insured parties have. Experience rating is most commonly associated with workers’ compensation insurance. It is used to calculate the experience modification factor.
investopedia
1
23.12
13.6
14.6
14.61
12.4
9.85
11.166667
15.02
Expiration Time
The expiration time of an options contract or other derivative is the exact date and time when it is rendered null and void. Derivatives contracts that finish out of the money (OTM) at the time of expiration will become worthless, while in the money (ITM) contracts will be evaluated based upon the settlement price upon expiry.
investopedia
1
43.06
14.2
0
10.57
15.6
9.25
17
14.06
Expiration Date (Derivatives)
An expiration date in derivatives is the last day that derivative contracts, such as options or futures, are valid. On or before this day, investors will have already decided what to do with their expiring position.
investopedia
1
53.21
10.3
0
10.96
11.4
9.35
12
13.87
Explicit Cost
Explicit costs are normal business costs that appear in the general ledger and directly affect a company's profitability. Explicit costs have clearly defined dollar amounts, which flow through to the income statement. Examples of explicit costs include wages, lease payments, utilities, raw materials, and other direct costs.
investopedia
1
47.08
10.6
13.6
15.72
14.4
10.8
11.166667
12.24
Exploration & Production (E&P)
An exploration & production (E&P) company is in a specific sector within the oil and gas industry. Exploration and production is the early stage of energy production, which includes searching and extracting oil and gas. An E&P company finds and extracts the raw materials used in the energy business. However, E&P companies typically do not refine or produce energy but merely find and extract raw materials to be shipped to other oil companies within the production process.
investopedia
1
35.27
13.1
15.9
12.24
12.8
9.36
14.625
12.34
Exponential Growth
Exponential growth is a pattern of data that shows greater increases with passing time, creating the curve of an exponential function. For example, suppose a population of mice rises exponentially every year starting with two in the first year, then four in the second year, 16 in the third year, 256 in the fourth year, and so on. The population is growing to the power of 2 each year in this case.
investopedia
1
55.58
11.5
12.5
8.71
12
8.99
14.666667
12.93
Exponential Moving Average (EMA)
An exponential moving average (EMA) is a type of moving average (MA) that places a greater weight and significance on the most recent data points. The exponential moving average is also referred to as the exponentially weighted moving average. An exponentially weighted moving average reacts more significantly to recent price changes than a simple moving average (SMA), which applies an equal weight to all observations in the period.
investopedia
1
31.51
14.5
15.5
13.52
15.4
9.87
16
13.2
Export Credit Agency
An export credit agency offers trade finance and other services to facilitate domestic companies' international exports. Most countries have ECAs that provide loans, loan guarantees and insurance to help eliminate the uncertainty of exporting to other countries.
investopedia
1
27.32
14
0
17.52
16.6
13.09
13.75
17.13
Export Trading Company (ETC)
An export trading company is an independent company that provides support services for firms engaged in exporting. This may include warehousing, shipping, insuring, and billing on behalf of the client.
investopedia
1
47.79
10.3
0
14.43
13.1
12.8
10.5
11.33
Export
Exports are goods and services that are produced in one country and sold to buyers in another. Exports, along with imports, make up international trade.
investopedia
1
67.25
7
0
10.6
8.9
8.05
6.25
6.6
Exposure at Default (EAD)
Exposure at default (EAD) is the total value a bank is exposed to when a loan defaults. Using the internal ratings-based (IRB) approach, financial institutions calculate their risk. Banks often use internal risk management default models to estimate respective EAD systems. Outside of the banking industry, EAD is known as credit exposure.
investopedia
1
49.82
9.5
13
12.98
11.4
11.87
8.5
12.12
Express Warranty
An express warranty is an agreement by a seller to provide repairs or a replacement for a faulty product, component, or service within a specified time period after it was purchased. Buyers rely on these promises or guarantees and sometimes purchase items because of them.
investopedia
1
48.64
12.1
0
11.9
13.7
11.77
14.25
14.33
Expropriation
Expropriation is the act of a government claiming privately owned property against the wishes of the owners, ostensibly to be used for the benefit of the overall public. In the United States, properties are most often expropriated in order to build highways, railroads, airports, or other infrastructure projects. The property owner must be paid for the seizure since the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution states that private property cannot be expropriated "for public use without just compensation."
investopedia
1
36.93
14.5
15.5
14.45
17.5
9.42
17.5
15.47
Extended Trading
Extended trading is trading conducted by electronic networks either before or after the regular trading hours of the listing exchange. Such trading tends to be limited in volume compared to regular trading hours when the exchange is open.
investopedia
1
43.73
11.9
0
13.11
13
9.57
12.5
12.86
External Debt
External debt is the portion of a country's debt that is borrowed from foreign lenders, including commercial banks, governments, or international financial institutions. These loans, including interest, must usually be paid in the currency in which the loan was made. To earn the needed currency, the borrowing country may sell and export goods to the lending country.
investopedia
1
43.73
11.9
15
13.46
13.8
10.67
13.833333
15.32
External Economies of Scale
External economies of scale occur outside of an individual company but within the same industry. Remember that in economics, economies of scale mean that the more units a business produces, the less it costs to produce each unit.
investopedia
1
60.65
9.5
0
11.43
11.9
9.98
12.5
11.81
Externality
An externality is a cost or benefit caused by a producer that is not financially incurred or received by that producer. An externality can be both positive or negative and can stem from either the production or consumption of a good or service. The costs and benefits can be both private—to an individual or an organization—or social, meaning it can affect society as a whole.
investopedia
1
40.99
12.9
15.9
10.21
12
9.57
15.833333
16.06
Externality of Production
Production externality refers to a side effect from an industrial operation, such as a paper mill producing waste that is dumped into a river. Production externalities are usually unintended, and their impacts are typically unrelated to and unsolicited by anyone. They can have economic, social, or environmental side effects.
investopedia
1
21.09
14.4
15.5
14.61
13.5
10.57
12.833333
17.13
Extraordinary General Meetings (EGM)
An extraordinary general meeting (EGM) is a shareholder meeting called other than a company’s scheduled annual general meeting (AGM). An EGM is also called a special general meeting or emergency general meeting.
investopedia
1
29.86
13.1
0
14.15
13.2
9.36
12.5
12.65
Extraordinary Item
Extraordinary items consisted of gains or losses from events that were unusual and infrequent in nature that were separately classified, presented and disclosed on companies' financial statements. Extraordinary items were usually explained further in the notes to the financial statements. Companies showed an extraordinary item separately from their operating earnings because it was typically a one-time gain or loss and was not expected to recur in the future.
investopedia
1
23.05
15.7
17.1
16.31
17.3
11.26
17.333333
17.32
Extrinsic Value
Extrinsic value measures the difference between the market price of an option, called the premium, and its intrinsic value. Extrinsic value is also the portion of the worth that has been assigned to an option by factors other than the underlying asset's price. The opposite of extrinsic value is intrinsic value, which is the inherent worth of an option.
investopedia
1
51.48
11
13.6
11.43
12.3
8.09
13.166667
11.95
1913 Federal Reserve Act
The 1913 Federal Reserve Act is legislation in the United States that created the Federal Reserve System. Congress passed the Federal Reserve Act to establish economic stability in the U.S. by introducing a central bank to oversee monetary policy.
investopedia
1
6.51
22
0
15.15
24.4
12.86
30.5
24.83
FAANG Stocks
In finance, “FAANG” is an acronym that refers to the stocks of five prominent American technology companies: Facebook (FB), Amazon (AMZN), Apple (AAPL), Netflix (NFLX); and Alphabet (GOOG) (formerly known as Google).
investopedia
1
39
15.8
0
13.41
21.8
14.6
22
19.05
Face Value
Face value is a financial term used to describe the nominal or dollar value of a security, as stated by its issuer. For stocks, the face value is the original cost of the stock, as listed on the certificate. For bonds, it is the amount paid to the holder at maturity, typically in $1,000 denominations. The face value for bonds is often referred to as "par value" or simply "par."
investopedia
1
62.17
8.9
11.2
6.96
8.2
8.56
10.75
11.57
Facility
A facility is a formal financial assistance program offered by a lending institution to help a company that requires operating capital. Types of facilities include overdraft services, deferred payment plans, lines of credit (LOC), revolving credit, term loans, letters of credit, and swingline loans. A facility is essentially another name for a loan taken out by a company.
investopedia
1
34.97
13.2
15
13.34
14
11.4
14
13.24
Factor Investing
Factor investing is a strategy that chooses securities on attributes that are associated with higher returns. There are two main types of factors that have driven returns of stocks, bonds, and other factors: macroeconomic factors and style factors. The former captures broad risks across asset classes while the latter aims to explain returns and risks within asset classes.
investopedia
1
51.89
10.8
10.5
14.1
14.2
11.13
11.333333
11.17
Factor Market
Factor market is a term economists use for all of the resources that businesses use to purchase, rent, or hire what they need in order to produce goods or services. Those needs are the factors of production, which include raw materials, land, labor, and capital.
investopedia
1
57.1
10.9
0
10.1
12.6
9.31
13.75
12.56
Factors of Production
Factors of production are the inputs needed for the creation of a good or service. The factors of production include land, labor, entrepreneurship, and capital.
investopedia
1
58.79
8.2
0
12.22
10.4
9.31
7.25
8.2
FactSet
FactSet Research Systems provides computer-based financial data and analysis for financial professionals, including investment managers, hedge funds, and investment bankers. It consolidates data on global markets, public and private companies, and equity and fixed-income portfolios.
investopedia
1
11.41
16
0
22.21
20.8
15.33
15.25
18.43
Facultative Reinsurance
Facultative reinsurance is coverage purchased by a primary insurer to cover a single risk—or a block of risks—held in the primary insurer's book of business. Facultative reinsurance is one of two types of reinsurance (the other type of reinsurance is called treaty reinsurance). Facultative reinsurance is considered to be more of a one-time transactional deal, while treaty reinsurance is typically part of a long-term arrangement of coverage between two parties.
investopedia
1
27.49
18.1
0
15.56
22.9
9.43
18.333333
19.71
Fail
In trading terms, a fail, or failure to deliver (FTD), occurs if a seller does not deliver securities or a buyer does not pay owed funds by the settlement date. Through a stock exchange, this occurs if a stockbroker does not deliver or receive securities within a specified time after a security sale or a security purchase. When a seller cannot deliver the contracted securities, this is called a short fail. If a buyer is unable to pay for the securities, this is called a long fail.
investopedia
1
49.35
11.8
13.8
8.53
11.1
8.17
14.375
11.48
Fair Credit Billing Act (FCBA)
The Fair Credit Billing Act is a 1974 federal law designed to protect consumers from unfair credit billing practices.
investopedia
1
60.65
9.5
0
12.65
12.6
10.4
10.5
9.71
Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA)
The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) is a federal law that regulates the collection of consumers' credit information and access to their credit reports. It was passed in 1970 to address the fairness, accuracy, and privacy of the personal information contained in the files of the credit reporting agencies.
investopedia
1
38.15
14
0
12.71
15.6
10.97
17.25
16.33
Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA)
The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA) is a federal law that limits the actions of third-party debt collectors who are attempting to collect debts on behalf of another person or entity. The law restricts the ways that collectors can contact debtors, as well as the time of day and number of times that contact can be made. If the FDCPA is violated, the debtor can sue the debt collection company as well as the individual debt collector for damages and attorney fees.
investopedia
1
43.36
14.1
16.3
9.93
14.7
9.96
19.166667
15.9
Fair Labor Standards Act
The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) is a U.S. law that is intended to protect workers against certain unfair pay practices. As such, the FLSA sets out various labor regulations regarding interstate commerce employment, including minimum wages, requirements for overtime pay, and limitations on child labor. The FLSA—which was passed in 1938 and has seen numerous changes over the years—is one of the most important laws for employers to understand, as it sets out a wide array of regulations for dealing with employees, whether salaried or paid by the hour.
investopedia
1
49.49
13.8
16.3
12.66
18.1
10.91
20.333333
17.78
Fair Market Value (FMV)
In its simplest sense, fair market value (FMV) is the price that an asset would sell for on the open market. Fair market value has come to represent the price of an asset under the following usual set of conditions: prospective buyers and sellers are reasonably knowledgeable about the asset, behaving in their own best interest, free of undue pressure to trade, and given a reasonable time period for completing the transaction. Given these conditions, an asset's fair market value should represent an accurate valuation or assessment of its worth. The term is commonly used in tax law and the real estate market.
investopedia
1
45.29
13.4
14.9
11.26
15
8.75
16.75
15.76
Fair Value
Fair value is a term with several meanings in the financial world. In investing, it refers to an asset's sale price agreed upon by a willing buyer and seller, assuming both parties are knowledgeable and enter the transaction freely. For example, securities have a fair value that's determined by a market where they are traded. In accounting, fair value represents the estimated worth of various assets and liabilities that must be listed on a company's books.
investopedia
1
52.19
10.7
14.2
11.26
11.9
9.98
13.25
14.97
Fallen Angel
A fallen angel, in the investing world, is a bond that was initially given an investment-grade rating but has since been reduced to junk bond status. The downgrade is caused by a deterioration in the financial condition of the issuer.
investopedia
1
51.18
11.1
0
10.27
11.6
10.16
13
14
Falling Knife
A falling knife is a colloquial term for a rapid drop in the price or value of a security. The term is commonly used in phrases like, "don't try to catch a falling knife," which can be translated to mean, "wait for the price to bottom out before buying it." A falling knife can quickly rebound - in what's known as a whipsaw—or the security may lose all of its value, as in the case of a bankruptcy.
investopedia
1
57.78
14.8
0
6.8
17.7
7.8
15
18
Fama and French Three Factor Model
The Fama and French Three-Factor Model (or the Fama French Model for short) is an asset pricing model developed in 1992 that expands on the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) by adding size risk and value risk factors to the market risk factor in CAPM. This model considers the fact that value and small-cap stocks outperform markets on a regular basis. By including these two additional factors, the model adjusts for this outperforming tendency, which is thought to make it a better tool for evaluating manager performance.
investopedia
1
42.04
14.6
15
11.85
16.9
9.61
18.833333
16.2
Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)
The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) is a labor law requiring employers of a certain size to provide employees unpaid time off for serious family health issues or situations. Qualified reasons may include adoption, pregnancy, foster care placement, family or personal illness, or military leave. It also provides for the continuation of health insurance coverage and job protection while the employee is on leave. The FMLA is intended to provide families with the time and resources to deal with family emergencies, while also guiding employers.
investopedia
1
32.73
14
16.8
13.23
14.7
10.58
16.5
16.97
Family Limited Partnership (FLP)
A Family Limited Partnership (FLP) is a type of arrangement in which family members pool money to run a business project. Each family member buys units or shares of the business and can profit in proportion to the number of shares they own, as outlined in the partnership operating agreement.
investopedia
1
46.1
13
0
10.62
14
9.61
17
14
Family Offices
Family offices are private wealth management advisory firms that serve ultra-high-net-worth (UHNW) investors. They are different from traditional wealth management shops in that they offer a total outsourced solution to managing the financial and investment side of an affluent individual or family. For example, many family offices offer budgeting, insurance, charitable giving, family-owned business, wealth transfer, and tax services.
investopedia
1
17.64
15.7
17.9
18.51
18.6
11.3
16.5
16.69
FANG Stocks
In finance, the acronym "FANG" refers to the stocks of four prominent American technology companies: Facebook (FB), Amazon (AMZN), Netflix (NFLX), and Alphabet (GOOG). In 2017, the company Apple (AAPL) was also added, causing the acronym to be rewritten as "FAANG."
investopedia
1
50.67
11.3
0
11.31
14.7
13.13
13.25
12.1
Farmers Home Administration (FmHA)
The Farmers Home Administration (FmHA) is a former U.S. Department of Agriculture agency, created to finance and insure loans for rural families and farmers. The FmHA provided credit and technical assistance through housing, utility, business, and community development programs. During the height of its activity, the agency operated at least 1,900 county and district loan offices nationwide.
investopedia
1
31.58
12.4
13.8
15.3
13.7
12.93
10.625
15.54
Fast Fashion
Fast fashion is the term used to describe clothing designs that move quickly from the catwalk to stores to take advantage of trends. The collections are often based on styles presented at Fashion Week runway shows or worn by celebrities. Fast fashion allows mainstream consumers to purchase the hot new look or the next big thing at an affordable price.
investopedia
1
68.1
8.7
9.7
10.85
11.6
9.1
11.333333
10.67
Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG)
Fast-moving consumer goods are products that sell quickly at relatively low cost. These goods are also called consumer packaged goods.
investopedia
1
61.33
7.2
0
14.3
11.1
8.08
5
6
FDIC Insured Account
An FDIC insured account is a bank or thrift account covered by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), an independent federal agency responsible for safeguarding customer deposits in the event of bank failures. The maximum insurable amount in a qualified account is $250,000 per depositor, per FDIC-insured bank and per ownership category.
investopedia
1
28.17
15.8
0
15.61
18.8
11.91
19.5
19.63
Fear and Greed Index
The fear and greed index was developed by CNNMoney to measure two of the primary emotions that influence how much investors are willing to pay for stocks. The fear and greed index is measured on a daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly basis. In theory, the index can be used to gauge whether the stock market is fairly priced. This is based on the logic that excessive fear tends to drive down share prices, and too much greed tends to have the opposite effect.
investopedia
1
67.28
9
10.7
8.53
10.4
9.61
12.125
11.69
Fed Balance Sheet
The Fed balance sheet is a financial statement published once a week that breaks down the assets and liabilities held by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The report, formally known as the "Factors Affecting Reserve Balances," essentially outlines the factors that affect both the supply and the absorption of Federal Reserve funds, and helps to shed light on the means the central bank uses to inject cash into the economy.
investopedia
1
36.46
16.7
0
12.14
19.8
10.84
21.75
18.44