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sohomghosh
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FinRAD_Financial_Readability_Assessment_Dataset

Dataset card Data Studio Files Community
1
terms
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smog_index
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coleman_liau_index
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Employer Identification Number (EIN)
An Employer Identification Number (EIN) is a unique identification number that is assigned to a business entity so that it can easily be identified by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). It is commonly used by employers for the purpose of reporting taxes.
investopedia
1
33.24
13.8
0
11.43
13.1
10.69
15.5
16.97
Employers' Liability Insurance
Employers' liability insurance is an insurance policy that handles claims from workers who have suffered a job-related injury or illness not covered by workers' compensation. A type of liability insurance, it can be packaged with workers' compensation to further protect companies against the costs associated with workplace injuries, illnesses, and deaths.
investopedia
1
20.21
16.8
0
16.89
19.7
12.02
19.25
17.26
Employment Agency Fees
The term employment agency fee refers to a fee paid by a company to an employment agency when it successfully places a suitable employee with that employer. Fees tend to vary widely from one agency to another, as they are at the discretion of the agency. There are two types of employment agency fees—employer-paid fees and applicant-paid fees.
investopedia
1
51.89
10.8
14.1
10.79
11.5
8.95
13.333333
11.86
Employment Insurance (EI)
Employment Insurance (EI) is an unemployment insurance program in Canada that allows individuals who have recently lost a job to receive temporary financial assistance. Employment insurance can also be extended to individuals who are unable to work because of illness or who are caring for a young child or a seriously ill family member. In addition to financial assistance, the program assists the unemployed with job search services.
investopedia
1
31.51
14.5
17.5
13.87
15.4
9.64
17.666667
16.14
Employment-to-Population Ratio
The employment-to-population ratio, also known as the “employment-population ratio,” is a macroeconomic statistic that measures the civilian labor force currently employed against the total working-age population of a region, municipality, or country. It is calculated by dividing the number of people employed by the total number of people of working age, and it is used as a metric of labor and unemployment.
investopedia
1
14.63
18.9
0
14.92
20.6
10.01
20
17.56
Encroachment
The term encroachment refers to a situation in real estate where a property owner violates the property rights of his neighbor by building on or extending a structure to the neighbor's land or property intentionally or otherwise. Encroachment is often a problem along disputed property lines where a person intentionally chooses to violate his neighbor's boundaries, or when a property owner is not aware of his boundaries.
investopedia
1
29.01
17.5
0
13.76
20.4
9.54
24.25
18.18
Encumbrance
An encumbrance is a claim against a property by a party that is not the owner. An encumbrance can impact the transferability of the property and restrict its free use until the encumbrance is lifted. The most common types of encumbrance apply to real estate; these include mortgages, easements, and property tax liens. Not all forms of encumbrance are financial, easements being an example of non-financial encumbrances. An encumbrance can also apply to personal – as opposed to real – property.
investopedia
1
55.03
9.6
13.3
11.54
10.9
8.73
11.3
9.94
End-to-End
End-to-end describes a process that takes a system or service from beginning to end and delivers a complete functional solution, usually without needing to obtain anything from a third party. It often refers to vendors that can see a project through from beginning to end, and supply everything needed to create a workable solution—be it hardware, software, labor, written materials, and procedures. End-to-end solutions also adhere to a philosophy that eliminates as many middle layers or steps as possible, which helps to optimize the performance and efficiency of a business. It is most commonly used in the information technology (IT) sector.
investopedia
1
37.34
14.3
15.9
13.41
16.7
10.52
17.5
16.06
Endogenous Growth Theory
Endogenous growth theory is an economic theory which argues that economic growth is generated from within a system as a direct result of internal processes. More specifically, the theory notes that the enhancement of a nation's human capital will lead to economic growth by means of the development of new forms of technology and efficient and effective means of production.
investopedia
1
24.11
17.4
0
13.76
18.6
10.91
24
20.67
Endogenous Variable
An endogenous variable is a variable in a statistical model that's changed or determined by its relationship with other variables within the model. In other words, an endogenous variable is synonymous with a dependent variable, meaning it correlates with other factors within the system being studied. Therefore, its values may be determined by other variables.
investopedia
1
44.44
11.6
13
14.33
14
10
12.166667
12.41
Endorsement
Depending on the context of its use, an endorsement can have different meanings. An endorsement may be a signature authorizing the legal transfer of a negotiable instrument between parties.
investopedia
1
39.84
11.3
0
13.74
12
10.35
11.25
14.08
Endowment
An endowment is a donation of money or property to a nonprofit organization, which uses the resulting investment income for a specific purpose. An endowment can also refer to the total of a nonprofit institution's investable assets, also known as its principal or corpus, which is meant to be used for operations or programs that are consistent with the wishes of the donor(s). Most endowments are designed to keep the principal amount intact while using the investment income for charitable efforts.
investopedia
1
35.61
15
17.1
12.42
16.5
10.63
19.5
17.71
Endowment Effect
The endowment effect refers to an emotional bias that causes individuals to value an owned object higher, often irrationally, than its market value.
investopedia
1
31.21
14.6
0
14.05
15.9
12.33
15.5
16.16
Endowment Fund
An endowment fund is an investment fund established by a foundation that makes consistent withdrawals from invested capital. The capital or money in endowment funds is often used by universities, nonprofit organizations, churches, and hospitals. Endowment funds are typically funded by donations that are deductible for the donors and are used for specific purposes.
investopedia
1
27.83
13.9
17.1
15.43
14.9
10.96
15
17.57
Energy Return on Investment (EROI)
Energy Return on Investment (EROI) is the ratio of the amount of usable energy obtained from a resource to the amount of energy expended to produce that net amount of energy. For instance it takes energy to locate, extract, deliver, and refine crude oil before it can be used for energy.
investopedia
1
45.59
13.2
0
9.17
13.2
9.86
17.25
13.34
Energy Risk Professional (ERP)
Energy Risk Professional (ERP) is a professional designation awarded by the Global Association of Risk Professionals (GARP) to individuals who work in the oil, coal, natural gas, and alternative energy industries. As of 2021, the designation will no longer be offered.
investopedia
1
25.29
14.8
0
13.58
15
11.2
16.25
16.98
Energy Sector
The energy sector is a category of stocks that relate to producing or supplying energy. The energy sector or industry includes companies involved in the exploration and development of oil or gas reserves, oil and gas drilling, and refining. The energy industry also includes integrated power utility companies such as renewable energy and coal.
investopedia
1
27.83
13.9
17.1
13.16
13
10.09
15
16.09
Engagement Letter
An engagement letter is a written agreement that describes the business relationship to be entered into by a client and a company. The letter details the scope of the agreement, its terms, and costs. The purpose of an engagement letter is to set expectations on both sides of the agreement.
investopedia
1
54.56
11.9
0
10.51
13.9
8.98
9
12.4
Engel's Law
Engel's Law is an economic theory introduced in 1857 by Ernst Engel, a German statistician, stating that the percentage of income allocated for food purchases decreases as income rises. As a household's income increases, the percentage of income spent on food decreases while the proportion spent on other goods (such as luxury goods) increases.
investopedia
1
35.61
15
0
13.41
17.6
10.53
20.5
18.95
Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR), also known as “tertiary recovery,” is a process for extracting oil that has not already been retrieved through the primary or secondary oil recovery techniques.
investopedia
1
42.04
14.6
0
14.52
19.2
10.52
19.5
15.74
Enrolled Agent (EA)
An enrolled agent (EA) is a tax professional authorized by the United States government to represent taxpayers in matters regarding the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). EAs must pass an examination or have sufficient experience as an IRS employee and pass a background check.  Enrolled agents first appeared in 1884 due to issues arising with Civil War loss claims.
investopedia
1
33.07
16
0
13.47
18.4
11.52
20.25
18.58
Enron
Enron was an energy-trading and utilities company based in Houston, Texas, that perpetrated one of the biggest accounting frauds in history. Enron's executives employed accounting practices that falsely inflated the company's revenues and, for a time, made it the seventh-largest corporation in the United States. Once the fraud came to light, the company quickly unraveled, and it filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on Dec. 2, 2001.
investopedia
1
40.69
13.1
15.9
13.46
15.6
11.9
16
14.86
Enterprise Multiple
Enterprise multiple, also known as the EV multiple, is a ratio used to determine the value of a company. The enterprise multiple, which is enterprise value divided by earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (EBITDA), looks at a company the way a potential acquirer would by considering the company's debt. What's considered a "good" or "bad" enterprise multiple will depend on the industry.
investopedia
1
24.48
15.1
18.2
12.88
15
9.63
17.666667
16.65
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is a process used by companies to manage and integrate the important parts of their businesses. Many ERP software applications are important to companies because they help them implement resource planning by integrating all of the processes needed to run their companies with a single system. An ERP software system can also integrate planning, purchasing inventory, sales, marketing, finance, human resources, and more.
investopedia
1
31.92
14.3
16.3
15.73
17.1
10.4
16.5
15.49
Enterprise Risk Management (ERM)
Enterprise risk management (ERM) is a methodology that looks at risk management strategically from the perspective of the entire firm or organization. It is a top-down strategy that aims to identify, assess, and prepare for potential losses, dangers, hazards, and other potentials for harm that may interfere with an organization's operations and objectives and/or lead to losses.
investopedia
1
25.63
16.8
0
14.74
19.6
11.7
21.75
21.22
Enterprise Value (EV)
Enterprise value (EV) is a measure of a company's total value, often used as a more comprehensive alternative to equity market capitalization. EV includes in its calculation the market capitalization of a company but also short-term and long-term debt as well as any cash on the company's balance sheet. Enterprise value is a popular metric used to value a company for a potential takeover.
investopedia
1
32.94
14
15.5
11.55
13.4
8.64
15.333333
14.15
Enterprise-Value-to-Revenue Multiple (EV/R)
The enterprise value-to-revenue multiple (EV/R) is a measure of the value of a stock that compares a company's enterprise value to its revenue. EV/R is one of several fundamental indicators that investors use to determine whether a stock is priced fairly. The EV/R multiple is also often used to determine a company's valuation in the case of a potential acquisition. It’s also called the enterprise value-to-sales multiple.
investopedia
1
37.5
12.2
15.2
12.12
12.1
9.18
12.875
12.09
Enterprise Value-to-Sales (EV/Sales)
Enterprise value-to-sales (EV/sales) is a financial valuation measure that compares the enterprise value (EV) of a company to its annual sales. The EV/sales multiple gives investors a quantifiable metric of how to value a company based on its sales, while taking account of both the company's equity and debt.
investopedia
1
38.15
14
0
12.48
15.9
10.01
18.25
16.33
Entity Theory
The entity theory is a basic theoretical assumption that all of the economic activity conducted by a business is separate from that of its owners. Entity theory is based on the idea that all of a company's activities can and will be accounted for independently of the owners' activities under the premise of limited liability, or the separation of ownership from control.
investopedia
1
14.63
18.9
0
11.85
17.6
10.52
25
22.08
Entrepreneur
An entrepreneur is an individual who creates a new business, bearing most of the risks and enjoying most of the rewards. The process of setting up a business is known as entrepreneurship. The entrepreneur is commonly seen as an innovator, a source of new ideas, goods, services, and business/or procedures.
investopedia
1
54.52
9.8
13
11.19
11.1
9.2
11.333333
12.28
Envelope
Envelopes are technical indicators that are typically plotted over a price chart with upper and lower bounds. The most common example of an envelope is a moving average envelope, which is created using two moving averages that define upper and lower price range levels.
investopedia
1
40.69
13.1
0
12.13
13.8
10.47
15.5
15.16
Environmental Economics
Environmental economics is an area of economics that studies the financial impact of environmental policies. Environmental economists perform studies to determine the theoretical or empirical effects of environmental policies on the economy. This field of economics helps users design appropriate environmental policies and analyze the effects and merits of existing or proposed policies.
investopedia
1
2.75
17.3
16.7
18.85
17.3
11.07
14.5
15.38
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established in December 1970 by the executive order of President Richard Nixon. It is an agency of the United States federal government whose mission is to protect human and environmental health. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the EPA is responsible for creating standards and laws promoting the health of individuals and the environment.
investopedia
1
34.97
13.2
16.3
14.91
15.1
11.13
15
16.69
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Criteria
Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria are a set of standards for a company’s operations that socially conscious investors use to screen potential investments. Environmental criteria consider how a company performs as a steward of nature. Social criteria examine how it manages relationships with employees, suppliers, customers, and the communities where it operates. Governance deals with a company’s leadership, executive pay, audits, internal controls, and shareholder rights.
investopedia
1
20.58
14.6
17.4
18.44
17.2
12.25
14.625
18.06
EOS
EOS is a blockchain-based decentralized operating system that is designed to create, host, and support secure, decentralized autonomous applications (dApps) and smart contracts. In addition, EOS nodes subscribe to a "constitution" that binds them, via the blockchain, to the rules and regulations set forth by the EOS community.
investopedia
1
38.66
13.8
0
15.38
18.1
12.39
16.5
16.27
Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA)
The Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) is a law created by the U.S. government with the aim of giving all individuals an equal opportunity to obtain loans and other types of credit from financial institutions and other lenders.
investopedia
1
24.45
19.3
0
11.67
21.3
10.92
26
20.46
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is the agency responsible for enforcing federal laws regarding discrimination or harassment against a job applicant or an employee in the United States. The EEOC was formed by Congress to enforce Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, opening its door for business on July 2, 1965. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C., and as of 2021, it maintains 37 other field offices throughout the United States in 15 districts.
investopedia
1
44.78
13.5
15
11.49
15.7
12.34
17.5
17.1
Equal Weight
Equal weight is a type of weighting that gives the same weight, or importance, to each stock in a portfolio or index fund, and the smallest companies are given equal weight to the largest companies in an equal-weight index fund or portfolio. Equal weighting differs from the weighting method more commonly used by funds and portfolios in which stocks are weighted based on their market capitalizations. Equal-weighted index funds tend to have higher stock turnover than market-cap weighted index funds, and as a result, they usually have higher trading costs.
investopedia
1
49.49
13.8
14.1
12.89
18.2
9.86
18.666667
15.11
Equated Monthly Installment (EMI)
An equated monthly installment (EMI) is a fixed payment amount made by a borrower to a lender at a specified date each calendar month. Equated monthly installments are applied to both interest and principal each month so that over a specified number of years, the loan is paid off in full. In the most common types of loans—such as real estate mortgages, auto loans, and student loans—the borrower makes fixed periodic payments to the lender over the course of several years with the goal of retiring the loan.
investopedia
1
50.2
13.5
15
10.69
15.9
9.22
19
15.36
Equation of Exchange
The equation of exchange is an economic identity that shows the relationship between money supply, the velocity of money, the price level, and an index of expenditures. English classical economist John Stuart Mill derived the equation of exchange, based on earlier ideas of David Hume. It says that the total amount of money that changes hands in the economy will always equal the total money value of the goods and services that change hands in the economy.
investopedia
1
45.39
13.3
13.6
11.26
14.8
10.04
16.166667
14.96
Equilibrium Quantity
Equilibrium quantity is when there is no shortage or surplus of a product in the market. Supply and demand intersect, meaning the amount of an item that consumers want to buy is equal to the amount being supplied by its producers. In other words, the market has reached a perfect state of balance as prices stabilize to suit all parties.
investopedia
1
68.1
8.7
10.5
9.11
10.4
9.89
11.666667
11.33
Equitable Relief
Equitable relief is a court-granted remedy that requires a party to act or refrain from performing a particular act in cases where legal remedies are not considered to provide sufficient restitution.
investopedia
1
23.09
17.7
0
14.57
19.7
12.81
23.5
21.43
Equity
Equity, typically referred to as shareholders' equity (or owners' equity for privately held companies), represents the amount of money that would be returned to a company’s shareholders if all of the assets were liquidated and all of the company's debt was paid off in the case of liquidation. In the case of acquisition, it is the value of company sale minus any liabilities owed by the company not transferred with the sale.
investopedia
1
34.94
17.3
0
11.27
19.9
10.03
26.5
21.62
Equity Accounting
Equity accounting is an accounting process for recording investments in associated companies or entities. Companies sometimes have ownership interests in other companies. Typically, equity accounting–also called the equity method–is applied when an investor or holding entity owns 20–50% of the voting stock of the associate company. The equity method of accounting is used only when an investor or investing company can exert a significant influence over the investee or owned company.
investopedia
1
28.03
13.8
17.4
15.89
15
10.75
15.125
15.01
Equity Capital Market (ECM)
The equity capital market (ECM) refers to the arena where financial institutions help companies raise equity capital and where stocks are traded. It consists of the primary market for private placements, initial public offerings (IPOs), and warrants; and the secondary market, where existing shares are sold, as well as futures, options, and other listed securities are traded.
investopedia
1
34.09
15.6
0
14.34
19.3
11.7
19.75
17.01
Equity Co-Investment
An equity co-investment is a minority investment in a company made by investors alongside a private equity fund manager or venture capital (VC) firm. Equity co-investment enables other investors to participate in potentially highly profitable investments without paying the usual high fees charged by a private equity fund.
investopedia
1
21.74
16.2
0
16.02
17.9
11.74
19
14.6
Equity Compensation
Equity compensation is non-cash pay that is offered to employees. Equity compensation may include options, restricted stock, and performance shares; all of these investment vehicles represent ownership in the firm for a company's employees.
investopedia
1
28.84
13.5
0
16.53
15.8
11.91
15
18.56
Equity Derivative
An equity derivative is a financial instrument whose value is based on equity movements of the underlying asset. For example, a stock option is an equity derivative, because its value is based on the price movements of the underlying stock. Investors can use equity derivatives to hedge the risk associated with taking long or short positions in stocks, or they can use them to speculate on the price movements of the underlying asset.
investopedia
1
46.81
12.8
16.3
11.84
14.5
8.74
17.5
15.2
Equity-Efficiency Tradeoff
An equity-efficiency tradeoff is when there is some kind of conflict between maximizing economic efficiency and maximizing the equity (or fairness) of society in some way. When and if such a trade-off exists, economists or public policymakers may decide to sacrifice some amount of economic efficiency for the sake of achieving a more just or equitable society.
investopedia
1
25.63
16.8
0
13.35
18
9.21
21.25
17.72
Equity Financing
Equity financing is the process of raising capital through the sale of shares. Companies raise money because they might have a short-term need to pay bills, or they might have a long-term goal and require funds to invest in their growth. By selling shares, a company is effectively selling ownership in their company in return for cash.
investopedia
1
60.65
9.5
12.5
10.5
11.2
8.46
12.166667
11.11
Equity Fund
An equity fund is a mutual fund that invests principally in stocks. It can be actively or passively (index fund) managed. Equity funds are also known as stock funds.
investopedia
1
61.63
7.1
11.2
7.63
5.6
10.11
5.833333
10.78
Equity-Linked Note (ELN)
An equity-linked note (ELN) is an investment product that combines a fixed-income investment with additional potential returns that are tied to the performance of equities. Equity-linked notes are usually structured to return the initial investment with a variable interest portion that depends on the performance of the linked equity. ELNs can be structured in many different ways, but the vanilla version works like a strip bond combined with a call option on a specific security, a basket of securities or an index like the S&P 500 or DJIA. In the case of a note linked to an equity index, the security would typically be called an equity index-linked note.
investopedia
1
43.77
13.9
16.5
11.73
16.1
10.64
17.25
15.32
Equity-Linked Security (ELKS)
The term equity-linked security refers to a debt instrument with variable payments linked to an equity market benchmark. These securities are an alternative type of fixed-income investment—structured products most often created as bonds. Equity-linked securities are usually used in private market corporate capital financings, and are offered to investors to raise corporate capital. As such, they are not traded on financial market exchanges.
investopedia
1
24.78
15
17.1
17.23
17.8
11.45
12.375
15.38
Equity Market
An equity market is a market in which shares of companies are issued and traded, either through exchanges or over-the-counter markets. Also known as the stock market, it is one of the most vital areas of a market economy. It gives companies access to capital to grow their business, and investors a piece of ownership in a company with the potential to realize gains in their investment based on the company's future performance.
investopedia
1
46.81
12.8
15
10.68
13.8
9.6
16.5
14.65
Equity Method
The equity method is an accounting technique used by a company to record the profits earned through its investment in another company. With the equity method of accounting, the investor company reports the revenue earned by the other company on its income statement, in an amount proportional to the percentage of its equity investment in the other company.
investopedia
1
33.58
15.8
0
12.89
17.4
8.61
22
15.05
Equity Multiplier
The equity multiplier is a risk indicator that measures the portion of a company’s assets that is financed by stockholder's equity rather than by debt. It is calculated by dividing a company's total asset value by its total shareholders' equity.
investopedia
1
34.26
13.5
0
11.89
12.8
11.34
15.5
17
Equity Premium Puzzle (EPP)
The equity premium puzzle (EPP) refers to the excessively high historical outperformance of stocks over Treasury bills, which is difficult to explain. The equity risk premium, which is usually defined as equity returns minus the return of Treasury bills, is estimated to be between 5% and 8% in the United States. The premium is supposed to reflect the relative risk of stocks compared to "risk-free" government securities. However, the puzzle arises because this unexpectedly large percentage implies an unreasonably high level of risk aversion among investors.
investopedia
1
32.73
14
15.6
13.87
15.5
10.39
15.5
14.65
Equity Risk Premium
The term equity risk premium refers to an excess return that investing in the stock market provides over a risk-free rate. This excess return compensates investors for taking on the relatively higher risk of equity investing. The size of the premium varies and depends on the level of risk in a particular portfolio. It also changes over time as market risk fluctuates.
investopedia
1
55.74
9.3
12.6
10.84
9.8
8.73
10.5
11.36
Equivalent Annual Annuity Approach (EAA)
The equivalent annual annuity approach is one of two methods used in capital budgeting to compare mutually exclusive projects with unequal lives. The EAA approach calculates the constant annual cash flow generated by a project over its lifespan if it was an annuity. When used to compare projects with unequal lives, an investor should choose the one with the higher EAA.
investopedia
1
59.33
10
14.1
12.18
13
9.3
13.833333
13.37
Equivalent Annual Cost (EAC)
Equivalent annual cost (EAC) is the annual cost of owning, operating, and maintaining an asset over its entire life. Firms often use EAC for capital budgeting decisions, as it allows a company to compare the cost-effectiveness of various assets with unequal lifespans.
investopedia
1
33.24
13.8
0
12.94
14.5
11.07
16
16.02
Erosion
Erosion can include any negative impact on a company’s associated assets or funds. Erosion can be experienced with regard to profits, sales, or tangible assets, such as manufacturing equipment. Erosion is often considered a general risk factor within an organization’s cash management system, as the losses may be slow and occurring over time.
investopedia
1
36.59
12.6
14.1
13.63
13.4
11.66
12.5
14.63
Error Term
An error term is a residual variable produced by a statistical or mathematical model, which is created when the model does not fully represent the actual relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variables. As a result of this incomplete relationship, the error term is the amount at which the equation may differ during empirical analysis.
investopedia
1
25.63
16.8
0
13.87
18.2
10.59
20.75
19.82
Errors and Omissions Insurance (E&O)
Errors and omissions insurance (E&O) is a type of professional liability insurance that protects companies, their workers, and other professionals against claims of inadequate work or negligent actions.
investopedia
1
9.22
18.9
0
18.05
22
14.05
22
21.2
Escheat
Escheat refers to the right of a government to take ownership of estate assets or unclaimed property. It most commonly occurs when an individual dies with no will and no heirs. Escheat rights can also be granted when assets are unclaimed for a prolonged period of time. These situations can also be referred to as bona vacantia or simply just unclaimed property.
investopedia
1
55.74
9.3
11.7
10.38
9.4
9.5
9
10.72
Escrow
Escrow is a legal concept describing a financial instrument whereby an asset or escrow money is held by a third party on behalf of two other parties that are in the process of completing a transaction. Escrow accounts might include escrow fees managed by agents who hold the funds or assets until receiving appropriate instructions or until the fulfillment of predetermined contractual obligations. Money, securities, funds, and other assets can all be held in escrow. It is often suggested as a replacement for a certified or cashier's check.
investopedia
1
40.69
13.1
14.6
12.24
14
10.47
15
16.07
Escrow Agent
An escrow agent is a person or entity that holds property in trust for third parties while a transaction is finalized or a disagreement is resolved. The role of escrow agent is often played by an attorney (or notary in civil law jurisdictions). The escrow agent has a fiduciary responsibility to both parties of the escrow agreement.
investopedia
1
52.19
10.7
13
10.39
11
9.84
12.5
13.92
Escrow Agreement
An escrow agreement is a contract that outlines the terms and conditions between parties involved, and the responsibility of each. Escrow agreements generally involve an independent third party, called an escrow agent, who holds an asset of value until the specified conditions of the contract are met. However, they should fully outline the conditions for all parties involved.
investopedia
1
43.43
12
12.5
14.1
14.3
9.49
12.333333
11.17
Escrowed Shares
Escrowed shares are shares held in an escrow account, secured by a third party, pending the completion of a corporate action or an elapse of time leading up to an event. Shares are escrowed in three common cases: merger and acquisition transactions; bankruptcy or reorganization of a company; and granting of restricted shares to an employee of a firm.
investopedia
1
41.53
14.8
0
11.62
16.9
10.99
19.25
17.22
Esoteric Debt
Esoteric debt refers to debt instruments as well as other investments (called esoteric assets) that are structured in a way that few people fully understand. Esoteric debt is complex and can be a product of securitization, or simply arise through a complex financing arrangement. As such, the pricing of these securities can be contested or seem to be known to relatively few market participants. Moreover, the structure of these instruments may lead to deceptively attractive risk/return profiles over other investments when the instruments function properly, but can also lead to illiquidity and pricing problems when markets are disrupted.
investopedia
1
38.15
14
16.2
14.8
17.1
9.85
17.5
15.92
Estate
An estate is everything comprising the net worth of an individual, including all land and real estate, possessions, financial securities, cash, and other assets that the individual owns or has a controlling interest in.
investopedia
1
11.59
20.1
0
14.17
21.5
10.43
27
23.01
Estate Planning
Estate planning is the preparation of tasks that serve to manage an individual's asset base in the event of their incapacitation or death. The planning includes the bequest of assets to heirs and the settlement of estate taxes. Most estate plans are set up with the help of an attorney experienced in estate law.
investopedia
1
53.21
10.3
11.2
9.8
10.2
9.5
11
10.9
Estate Tax
An estate tax is a levy on estates whose value exceeds an exclusion limit set by law. Only the amount that exceeds that minimum threshold is subject to tax. Assessed by the federal government and about a dozen state governments, these levies are calculated based on the estate's fair market value (FMV) rather than what the deceased originally paid for its assets. The tax is levied by the state in which the deceased person was living at the time of their death.
investopedia
1
67.59
8.9
10.7
9.23
10.8
8.5
12
11.13
Estimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR)
Estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) is a production term commonly used in the oil and gas industry. Estimated ultimate recovery is an approximation of the quantity of oil or gas that is potentially recoverable or has already been recovered from a reserve or well.
investopedia
1
32.73
14
0
11.84
13.4
9.48
17.75
18.83
Understanding Estoppel
Estoppel is a legal principle that prevents someone from arguing something or asserting a right that contradicts what they previously said or agreed to by law. It is meant to prevent people from being unjustly wronged by the inconsistencies of another person's words or actions.
investopedia
1
48.64
12.1
0
12.77
14.3
10.37
15.25
15.22
Ether (ETH)
Ether is the transactional token that facilitates operations on the Ethereum network. All of the programs and services linked with the Ethereum network require computing power (and that computing power is not free). Ether is a form of payment for network participants to execute their requested operations on the network.
investopedia
1
46.06
11
13
13.51
12.6
9.2
11.333333
12.28
Ethereum Classic
Ethereum Classic is an open-source, decentralized, blockchain-based distributed cryptocurrency platform that runs smart contracts. Ethereum Classic was formed—as a result of a hack of the network—in 2016. The original Ethereum blockchain was split in two with Ethereum Classic being the original and Ethereum being the newer blockchain.
investopedia
1
64
8.2
10.5
17.34
15.5
10.46
8.5
9.68
What Is Ethereum?
Ethereum is a blockchain platform with its own cryptocurrency, called Ether (ETH) or Ethereum, and its own programming language, called Solidity.
investopedia
1
58.62
10.3
0
15.61
17.1
10.69
13.5
14.11
Ethical Investing
Ethical investing refers to the practice of using one's ethical principles as the primary filter for the selection of securities investing. Ethical investing depends on the investor's views. Ethical investing is sometimes used interchangeably with socially conscious investing; however, socially conscious funds typically have one overarching set of guidelines that are used to select the portfolio, whereas ethical investing brings about a more personalized result.
investopedia
1
4.65
20.7
0
18.58
24
11.56
18.5
20.38
EUR
The European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), or EU, is comprised of 27 member nations, 19 of whom have adopted the euro as their official currency.
investopedia
1
45.09
13.4
0
9.58
14.2
13.43
18
18.09
Euro
The European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), or EU, is comprised of 27 member nations, 19 of whom have adopted the euro as their official currency.
investopedia
1
45.09
13.4
0
9.58
14.2
13.43
18
18.09
Euro Interbank Offer Rate (Euribor)
Euribor, or the Euro Interbank Offer Rate, is a reference rate that is constructed from the average interest rate at which eurozone banks offer unsecured short-term lending on the inter-bank market. The maturities on loans used to calculate Euribor often range from one week to one year.
investopedia
1
39.16
13.6
0
12.02
14.5
10.18
17.75
17.91
Euro Medium Term Notes (EMTN)
A euro medium-term note is a medium-term, flexible debt instrument that is traded and issued outside of the United States and Canada. These instruments require fixed payments and are directly issued to the market with maturities that are less than five years. EMTNs allow an issuer to enter the foreign markets more easily to obtain capital. Firms also offer EMTNs continuously, whereas a bond issue, for example, occurs all at once.
investopedia
1
53.41
10.2
11.7
11.6
11.8
10.75
11.125
11.63
Euro Overnight Index Average (Eonia)
The Euro Overnight Index Average (Eonia) is the average overnight reference rate for which European banks lend to one another in euros. The Eonia is the interest rate for one-day loans between European banks and is considered an interbank rate. However, European regulatory reforms have resulted in a push to replace Eonia by January 2022.
investopedia
1
44.44
11.6
15.5
12.24
12.3
9.42
13.833333
13.14
Eurobond
A Eurobond is a debt instrument that's denominated in a currency other than the home currency of the country or market in which it is issued. Eurobonds are frequently grouped together by the currency in which they are denominated, such as eurodollar or Euro-yen bonds. Since Eurobonds are issued in an external currency, they're often called external bonds. Eurobonds are important because they help organizations raise capital while having the flexibility to issue them in another currency.
investopedia
1
34.97
13.2
15.2
13.29
13.6
8.28
14.125
11.88
Euroclear
Euroclear is one of two principal securities clearing houses in the Eurozone. Euroclear specializes in verifying information supplied by brokers involved in a securities transaction and the settlement of securities transacted on European exchanges.
investopedia
1
11.92
15.8
0
18.73
16.8
11.91
15.5
18.56
Eurocurrency Market
The eurocurrency market is the money market for currency outside of the country where it is legal tender. The eurocurrency market is utilized by banks, multinational corporations, mutual funds, and hedge funds. They wish to circumvent regulatory requirements, tax laws, and interest rate caps often present in domestic banking, particularly in the United States.
investopedia
1
36.28
12.7
14.6
14.67
14.5
10.38
13
15.35
Euromarket
The term euromarket has two distinct meanings:
investopedia
1
55.91
7.2
0
12.36
9
10.75
3.5
8.51
Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA)
Europe, Middle East, and Africa (EMEA) countries are a geographical division used by many multinational corporations. The acronym is an easy shorthand method of referring to all three continents at once and is especially popular among North American companies.
investopedia
1
34.76
13.3
0
14.85
15.1
11.08
14.75
17.03
European Banking Authority (EBA)
The European Banking Authority (EBA) is a regulatory body that strives to maintain financial stability throughout the European Union’s (EU) banking industry. It was established in 2010 by the European Parliament, replacing the Committee of European Banking Supervisors (CEBS).
investopedia
1
17.84
15.6
0
16.94
17.2
12.7
16.75
19.08
European Central Bank (ECB)
The European Central Bank (ECB) is the central bank responsible for monetary policy of those European Union (EU) member countries which have adopted the euro currency. This region is known as the eurozone and currently comprises 19 members. The principal goal of the ECB is to maintain price stability in the euro area, thus helping preserve the purchasing power of the euro.
investopedia
1
50.46
11.4
14.6
11.37
12.7
11.28
14.333333
15.38
European Community (EC)
The European Community (EC) was an economic association formed by six European member countries in 1957, consisting of three communities that eventually were replaced by the European Union (EU) in 1993. The European Community dealt with policies and governing, in a communal fashion, across all member states.
investopedia
1
30.7
14.8
0
14.34
16.7
11.19
18.25
17.06
European Currency Unit (ECU)
The European Currency Unit (ECU) was the official monetary unit of the European Monetary System (EMS) before it was replaced by the euro. The value of the ECU was used to determine the exchange rates and reserves among the members of the EMS, but it was always an accounting unit rather than a real currency.
investopedia
1
52.02
12.8
0
9.06
14.1
9.31
18.25
15.36
European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)
The European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) combined the European Union (EU) member states into a cohesive economic system. It is the successor to the European Monetary System (EMS).
investopedia
1
39.84
11.3
0
12.11
11.5
10.35
11.75
12.7
European Monetary System (EMS)
The European Monetary System (EMS) was an adjustable exchange rate arrangement set up in 1979 to foster closer monetary policy cooperation between members of the European Community (EC). The European Monetary System (EMS) was later succeeded by the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), which established a common currency, the euro.
investopedia
1
28.67
15.6
0
15.21
18.5
12.02
20.75
18.04
European Sovereign Debt Crisis
The European sovereign debt crisis was a period when several European countries experienced the collapse of financial institutions, high government debt, and rapidly rising bond yield spreads in government securities.
investopedia
1
15.65
18.5
0
19.45
23.4
12.49
26
21.33
European Union (EU)
The European Union (EU) is a group of 27 countries that operates as a cohesive economic and political block. Nineteen of the countries use the euro as their official currency.
investopedia
1
56.25
9.1
0
9.97
9.3
10.7
11
15.33
Eurozone
The eurozone, officially known as the euro area, is a geographic and economic region that consists of all the European Union countries that have fully incorporated the euro as their national currency. As of Aug. 2020, the eurozone consists of 19 countries in the European Union (EU): Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. Approximately 340 million people live in the eurozone area.
investopedia
1
24.45
19.3
0
15.73
25.6
13.62
26.5
21.52
EV/2P Ratio
The EV/2P ratio is a ratio used to value oil and gas companies. It consists of the enterprise value (EV) divided by the proven and probable (2P) reserves. The enterprise value reflects the company's total value. Proven and probable (2P) refers to energy reserves, such as oil, that are likely to be recovered.
investopedia
1
57.98
8.5
11.7
8.4
8
9.06
7.875
10.6
Evening Star
An evening star is a stock-price chart pattern used by technical analysts to detect when a trend is about to reverse. It is a bearish candlestick pattern consisting of three candles: a large white candlestick, a small-bodied candle, and a red candle.
investopedia
1
58.62
10.3
0
10.62
12.5
8.44
13.5
11.26
Event Study
An event study is an empirical analysis that examines the impact of a significant catalyst occurrence or contingent event on the value of a security, such as company stock.
investopedia
1
25.12
17
0
11.73
16.5
10.52
23.5
22.63