text
stringlengths 263
344k
| id
stringlengths 47
47
| dump
stringclasses 23
values | url
stringlengths 16
862
| file_path
stringlengths 125
155
| language
stringclasses 1
value | language_score
float64 0.65
1
| token_count
int64 57
81.9k
| score
float64 2.52
4.78
| int_score
int64 3
5
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
It is not only in Hamlet that Shakespeare presents us with the travails and terrors of madness: it is a recurrent theme in very many of his plays. (Hamlet, King Lear, Macbeth, A Midsummer Night's Dream, The Tempest... well, actually, every play of his that I know some little about reflects on madness in some way; I understand that Shakespeare uses the words 'mad' and 'madness' more often in Twelfth Night than in any other work, so doubtless I should focus my attention there soon.) Sadly -- and this has happened to Dickens too, I think -- Heritage stops us seeing Shakespeare for the troubling and unsettling writer that he manifestly is: "The weight of this sad time we must obey; Speak what we feel, not what we ought to say." The times are ever-troubling; and it is always the time to speak in a heartfelt way against the present's deadening cant. These are not sane times; Lear is as untimely as it has ever been.
Shakespeare was writing when what constituted the written English language, what constituted the very tools which he went on to fashion into the best ever expression of those tools, was still particularly unsettled. And how he wields words seems to reflect a view of the self that suggests that what constitutes the self -- fashioned on the stage merely by the playwright's words, of course -- is itself ever-unsettled. Shakespeare’s language is an erratic, antic, fizzing brew which captures, and expresses existentially, a particular take on the non-fixity of the human state. He is a poet not of an age, but for all time because time is written into the ambiguity -- the play -- of his writing, and into the ambiguous, uncertain, unanchored, disarranged characters he sets before us. His language moves -- his characters move -- as we move as time moves...
Fools, as numerous readers have noted, are wont to be wise, and kings can often be very foolish. If he had been fully in his right mind, Lear, surely, should have known that his daughters, Goneril and Regan, were far from virtuous, were far from the ideal caretakers for his Kingdom in his dotage. That is, unless we are to presume that they became so particularly venal only after being gifted a share of their Father's estate -- which pushes our credulity too far, I think, but does reinforce the idea that once Lear's madness is large in the land, other madnesses will be loosed and liberated. Lear's unquieted state is apparent, if not at the absolute moment he begins to divide his Kingdom, certainly at the instant he forgets the previous dutiful, loving nature of his favourite and youngest daughter Cordelia; he certainly fully loses control when her lawyerly response ("I love your majesty According to my bond; nor more nor less") mocks and highlights his frankly ridiculous decision to divest himself of "of rule, Interest of territory, cares of state". (Cordelia, of course, is not quite herself at this juncture either; two suitors await in the wings when she says: "when I shall wed, That lord whose hand must take my plight shall carry Half my love with him, half my care and duty.") There is madness in the air, then, as soon as we began to read or watch the play. The moment Gloucester believes of Edmund that his other son Edgar could ever conceive of his murder, we know for sure that the mayhem that has infected Lear's brain will flow through the whole of his realm.
It has been a commonplace since at least Foucault wrote his History of Madness that the pathologising medicalization of several morbid unhappinesses has robbed us of access to the kind of Foolish wisdom that attempts to support Lear and his friends throughout the play in counterpoint to Lear's own self-destructive, but occasionally self-illuminating mania. When a king shows himself a fool it is time for his Fool to show wise counsel. This Foolish, supportive wisdom is echoed in the subplot in which Edgar disguises himself as Tom of Bedlam and guides his now cruelly blinded father to a limited form of spiritual rebirth at Dover Cliff.
My grandmother who died, aged 97, three years ago, quite mad from dementia and the attendant ravages of age, was central to my upbringing -- "The oldest hath borne most: we that are young Shall never see so much, nor live so long." She is central still to my moral universe. Her socialistic dictum, that you can only sleep in one bed, the concomitant of which is that those who have more than one bed declare themselves to be embedded in excess, remains core to my worldview. Her degenerative illness manifested itself in many tragic and demeaning ways, but two strange Shakespearian wisdoms arose: she confused family members (I was often thought to be my father, and vice versa); and she disremembered the trivial and the everyday whilst clearly recalling events from 50, 60 and even 70 and more years ago. The pattern, I'm sure, is familiar to everyone with elderly and infirm parents or grandparents. Time's tyranny was now, with her, differently manifest. And, of course, came at a high and often distressing, sometimes comic cost.
I do not believe in ghosts, but during my own recent weaknesses, my grandmother has been fully in my thoughts. So fully that I've smelt her cooking in my flat and, on my pillow, the distinctive, beautiful scent of her face and hair -- a memory which must come from my own now distant childhood. I have, in truth, felt much closer to her than I did during the long years of her failing mental and physical health.
Lear is certainly not a play only about madness, it is, speaking colloquially, a mad play. It is such a beguiling work because it is a bit all over the place. Sometimes, Shakespeare's poetry takes him so far into the human that he feels timeless, but many aspects of Lear can't help but foreground the Jacobean. The messy nature of the play, however, also underscores something very human -- humans are not neat! Their emotions, their desires, their hopes and fears are messy, ridiculous, unfounded, grandiose, illogical, perverse. Their madness sometimes allows them to see the world's madness, sometimes reflects that madness, and sometimes is merely an awful, lonely, destructive vortex...
A kind of order is restored to Lear's domain at the end of the play. But the order comes at a terrible human cost, and the order is itself contingent: Lear dies, whilst humbled and grief-stricken, still haughty and half-mad; his favourite Cordelia dead in his arms; Gloucester is blind; and, of course, Goneril, Regan and Edmund's corpses litter the stage. Humankind cannot bear very much reality and is ever loath to admit that death has undone so very many. We are not only born astride our own graves, but arrive wailing into an overcrowded cemetery: "When we are born, we cry that we are come To this great stage of fools." Learning to live with ghosts isn't an option but an essential life skill. Lear leaves an unstated, dying curse in the air: this is ever his kingdom, and we are never out of it.
|
<urn:uuid:d9f22139-162b-4b6c-a8c1-7e95b68cfa0b>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-30
|
http://readysteadybook.com/Blog.aspx?permalink=20100122064850
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549424960.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170725022300-20170725042300-00573.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.977524 | 1,545 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Bachelor Social Worker (LBSW)Bachelor Social Worker is an entry-level license similar to Licensed Social Work Associate. States license Social Workers within a multi-tiered system to reflect differences in education, training and work experience.
Social Workers work with clients dealing with daily life issues, or work in an advocacy role for clients with social services agencies. In contrast to Professional Counselors, Social Workers tend to work more from the perspective of society and the surrounding environment, rather than focusing on an individual's personal motivations.
A Bachelor Social Worker holds a Bachelor's degree in social work, and has completed 2000 to 3000 hours of supervised work experience. The full license level used with Bachelor Social Worker is usually Master Social Worker, Certified Master Social Worker, or Licensed Graduate Social Worker; but other titles such as Licensed Certified Social Worker, Licensed Clinical Social Worker, Licensed Certified Social Worker - Clinical, and Licensed Advanced Social Worker are commonly used as well. Full Social Work licensure usually means a Master's degree or higher in social work, and additional 2000 to 3000 hours supervised work experience beyond that completed for the entry-level license.
|
<urn:uuid:3f3ca5af-2581-4590-bada-f1a33a41b671>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-15
|
http://www.findcounseling.com/glossary/bachelor-social-worker.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223206120.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032006-00591-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.933929 | 227 | 2.578125 | 3 |
- By Dana Sparks
Healthy Muscle Linked To Healthy Bones
Healthy muscle mass is linked to healthy bones, and there are gender differences as well. These findings, just released by Mayo Clinic, could be used to better identify people at higher risk for falls and fractures.
Researchers have been aware that the progressive loss of muscle mass and bone density is a natural part of aging, but little work has been done to investigate how muscle tissue might affect layers of the bones. Lead author Nathan LeBrasseur, Ph.D., says, "Our study adds to the growing body of evidence supporting the highly integrated nature of skeletal muscle and bone, and it also provides new insights into potential biomarkers that reflect the health of the musculoskeletal system."
Read entire news release
The findings are published in the Journal of Bone & Mineral Research.
|
<urn:uuid:2014656f-4129-4ed8-8310-91340f85911c>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-47
|
https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/discussion/healthy-muscle-linked-to-healthy-bones-with-gender-differences/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806842.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20171123142513-20171123162513-00499.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.947685 | 174 | 2.59375 | 3 |
By Joseph D’Aleo, CCM
The news is reporting a relatively large and long lasting volcanic eruption in Chile. According to the AP, the Chaiten volcano spewed lava and blasted ash more than 12 miles (60,000 feeet) into the sky on Tuesday, prompting a total evacuation of the provincial capital and other settlements. The volcano’s five-day eruption has sent a thick column of ash into the stratosphere, streaming across Patagonia to the Atlantic.
It is the bigger eruptions that reach above this tropospheric layer into the more stable stratosphere that can have long lasting (up to several years) and extent effects (global).
See larger image here
See larger graph here.
|
<urn:uuid:10d022cd-1c34-4be5-abc2-64d04010a8c5>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-34
|
http://thefellowshipofscientifictruth.blogspot.com/2008/05/chaiten-volcano-chile-factor-in-climate.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886107744.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20170821080132-20170821100132-00041.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.914587 | 150 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Human beings are prone to a cognitive bias called the Law of the Instrument. It’s the tendency to see everything as being malleable according to whatever tool you’re used to using. In other words, if you have a hammer, suddenly all the world’s problems look like nails to you.
Objects humans encounter, then, aren’t simply useful to them, or instrumental; they are transformative: they change our view of the world. Hammers do. And so do guns. “You are different with a gun in your hand,” wrote the philosopher Bruno Latour, “the gun is different with you holding it. You are another subject because you hold the gun; the gun is another object because it has entered into a relationship with you.”
In that case, what is the effect of transferring military grade equipment to police officers?
In 1996, the federal government passed a law giving the military permission to donate excess equipment to local police departments. Starting in 1998, millions of dollars worth of equipment was transferred each year. Then, after 9/11, there was a huge increase in transfers. In 2014, they amounted to the equivalent of 796.8 million dollars.
Image via The Washington Post:
Those concerned about police violence worried that police officers in possession of military equipment would be more likely to use violence against civilians, and new research suggests that they’re right.
Political scientist Casey Delehanty and his colleagues compared the number of civilians killed by police with the monetary value of transferred military equipment across 455 counties in four states. Controlling for other factors (e.g., race, poverty, drug use), they found that killings rose along with increasing transfers. In the case of the county that received the largest transfer of military equipment, killings more than doubled.
But maybe they got it wrong? High levels of military equipment transfers could be going to counties with rising levels of violence, such that it was increasingly violent confrontations that caused the transfers, not the transfers causing the confrontations.
Delehanty and his colleagues controlled for the possibility that they were pointing the causal arrow the wrong way by looking at the killings of dogs by police. Police forces wouldn’t receive military equipment transfers in response to an increase in violence by dogs, but if the police were becoming more violent as a response to having military equipment, we might expect more dogs to die. And they did.
Combined with research showing that police who use military equipment are more likely to be attacked themselves, literally everyone will be safer if we reduce transfers and remove military equipment from the police arsenal.Lisa Wade, PhD is a Visiting Scholar at Tulane University. She is the author of American Hookup, a book about college sexual culture; a textbook about gender; and a forthcoming Introduction to Sociology text. You can follow her on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram.
|
<urn:uuid:287f0970-314f-4839-87e5-de4718d7ef36>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-29
|
https://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2017/07/03/transfers-of-military-equipment-to-police-forces-increase-civilian-death/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655929376.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20200711095334-20200711125334-00425.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.971669 | 595 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Dormition Abbey on Mount Zion (© by Frieder Blickle).
The bell tower and lead-covered cupola of Dormition tower noticeably over Mount Zion and mark the skyline of the Old City of Jerusalem from various directions. For many pilgrims and local Christians the German Marian shrine is one of the most important holy places in the whole land.
Like a Girl with the Charm of a mature Woman
View from a side lane of the Dormition Basilica.
Historical truth and scientific certainty are hardly certain in a city formed by so many beliefs and soaked with the blood of so many faithful. All the more important and characteristic then become precisely these beliefs and traditions that are handed on from generation to generation.
That occurs in oral form, sometimes also in written form and in individual cases also in stone. Modern Jerusalem stands on a whole collection of such oral, written and archaeological traditions and beliefs. Much of what one sees and observes at first sight may be young in the context of three thousand years of the city's history. Yet the roots reach deep.
The changing history of the place
Our Dormition Basilica is also relatively young with its barely hundred year history. But it stands on old stone and oral testimonies of Christian belief. When the room of the Last Supper was lost during the destruction of Jerusalem by the Roman troops in 70 A.D., a Jewish-Christian synogogue was built on Mount Zion, later designated as the “Church of the Apostles.” In the fourth century it was enlarged to become a small church. At the beginning of the fifth century a large Byzantine basilica known as “Hagia Sion” was erected in its place. which however, was already destroyed during the Persian invasion of 614. Only in the 12th century was a new church built by the crusaders, larger than all its predecessors and called “Santa Maria in Monte Sion.” However, when the Muslims retook the city from the crusaders in 1187, many traces of the brief Christian period were wiped away. The stone remains of Santa Maria are found today only in the area of the present-day Room of the Last Supper and deep in the ground beneath our monastery and our church.
A the end of the 19th century, when the Germans undertook to acquire the plot of land on Mount Zion, it was still a field of rubble behind which arose the Nebu Daoud (Prophet David) complex.
During the centuries, the local Christians have preserved the memory of two stones that they honored as stones from the house where Mary lived and died. Both these stones have found a place on the ground floor on the outer side of the tower, where even now oriental Christians come to pray.
100 Year History of a Church
On Reformation Day in 1898, after several years of diplomatic activity, this point had been reached: after Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany had dedicated the German Evangelical Church of the Redeemer in the morning, in the afternoon he handed over the piece of land for Dormition to the German Association for the Holy Land
On October 7 the corner stone was laid. Local workers and artisans of every confession, religion, language and culture carried out the building of the new monastery and Marian church according to the plans of Cologne Archdiocesan architect Heinrich Renard. The crypt was finished and dedicated in 1904. Two years later the first Benedictine monks from Germany came to Mount Zion while the building was still going on. Only on April 10, 1910 was the church dedicated. However, even today it has not been completed. Meanwhile many wars and external conflicts in the Holy Land and inner upheavels in the community have caused the the interior to remain incomplete until today.
On April 10, 2010, with many friends from the Holy Land and from Europe we were able to celebrate the hundredth anniversary of the dedication of our church, which in the course of its life was the scene of wars and which has thus become an special place of prayer for peace among peoples. The Basilica of Dormition remains furthermore in its layout and inner design a site for the search for God of our community.
The Floor Mosaic of the Upper Church
The floor mosaic of the upper church, which our confrere Mauritius Gisler designed and carried out in 1932, can be read as a kind of confession of faith and story of creation:
Fußbodenmosaik der Oberkirche
In the center three concentric bands mark the center of the creation. The light of the triune God, his truth and wisdom is carried out into the world by the greater and the lesser prophets and the apostles and evangelists. Additional bands are formed around the center until finally the ends of the earth are reached - graphically and in letters presented as the names of the twelve months and the twelve signs of the zodiac. The entire circular presentation is surrounded with a quotation from the Book of Proverbs:
From of old I was poured forth, at the first, before the earth. When there were no depths I was brought forth, when there were no fountains or springs of water; before the mountains were settled into place, before the hills, I was brought forth.
The One who stands in the middle of the whole creation also holds it together!
The Apse Mosaic of the Choir Area
Apsismosaik des Chorraums
Again at the beginning of the Second World War, the monk and artist Radbod Commandeur from the Benedictine Abbey of Maria Laach created the large apse mosaic, which dominates the interior view of the upper church.
Four pairs of Old Testament prophets announce the birth of the Messiah. Their message culminates in the promise of the prophet Isaiah:
Therefore the Lord himself will give you this sign: the virgin shall be with child, and bear a son, and shall name him Immanuel (God with us).
The promised Son sits enthroned on the arm of his mother and announces with an open book:
I am the light of the world.
The marble slabs, which were planned as facing for the lower part of the apse, could not be transported from Germany to Palestine because of the war and were destroyed by bombing together with the Cologne Spedition, where they were stored.
The apse mosaic thus remains incomplete.
The Statue of Mary in the Crypt
Marienfigur in der Krypta
Like the apse mosaic, the figure of the Dormition in the center of the crypt is also a work of Brother Radbod Commandeur OSB (Maria Laach).
Daily hundreds of pilgrims kneel around the reclining statue of Mary, who dying looks toward her Son: from the cupola mosaic above her, He waits her with wide-open arms to take her up to heaven body and soul. He is surrounded by six women of the Old Testament, who walked with God in their own way, Eve and Miriam, Ruth and Esther, Jael and Judith.
Originally the gown of the figure of Mary was of chased silver and goldplated. After the war of 1948 and the occupation of the church only the wooden core remained. The ivory hands also had to be replaced and the nose in ivory had to be repaired.
The wars of human beings and their violence toward one another leave their traces also in the faces of the saints. Yet the wounds and needs of human beings have their place with the saints.
The praise of God is a central task of a Benedictine community. This takes place especially through the celebration of the divine liturgy, the celebration of the Eucharist and of the divine office (prayer of the hours). With the support and lead of an organ it is often simpler. The simple Gregorian chant and the power of the organ can often wonderfully complement each other.
These tasks especially are fulfilled by our small choir organ and the great principal organ under the fingers of or house organists and of guest organists on ferial as well as feast days.
Especially the large principal organ has been since its dedication in 1982 a favorite instrument for concerts of sacred music in our church.
|
<urn:uuid:88bc4668-c936-493a-ba2b-3d2fdd20d0f4>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-16
|
http://www.dormitio.net/english/en.places/en.abbey/en.abbey.church/index.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370497171.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20200330150913-20200330180913-00258.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.971109 | 1,679 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Cherubic Angel Of Harmony
Wood Carving Of Cherubim Holding Shell Trumpet
This intricately carved statue of a small Cherub, makes its way all the way from the distant island of Java. This statuette portrays a cherubic angel with the sole mission of maintaining global harmony. He holds a shell trumpet in his delicate hands, as his delicate wings outstretch behind him. Hand Carved from fine suar wood, this master piece is crafted by renowned artist Wayan Rendah. This magnificent wood carving measures 12" wide x 10" high, and weighs approximately 4 lbs. The piece is polished to perfection and makes a wonderful Christian gift.
Biblical History Of The Cherubim
Descriptions in the Bible vary, but in general all describe cherubim
as winged creatures combining human and animal features. In the book of
Genesis cherubim are described as guarding the way to the Tree of Life,
east of the Garden of Eden armed with flaming swords (Genesis 3:24): "So
he drove out the man; and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden
cherubim, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way of
the tree of life."
Exodus 26:1 attests that cherubim were embroidered on the curtains of the tabernacle. In Solomon's Temple, two olivewood sculptures of cherubim plated with gold, ten cubits high, stood wingtip-to-wingtip guarding the Ark of the Covenant, and two further sculpted cherubim are described as standing on the cover of the Ark facing each other (Ex 25:18). The Ark of the Covenant stood in the Holy of Holies, where the glory of God was said to reside; for this reason God is referred to in the Tanakh as "God who dwells between the cherubim". These were probably hybrid winged figures of a type common in the symbolism of the region, e.g. those depicted in the Megiddo Ivories carrying the throne of a nameless Canaanite king.
At an earlier period, when Yahweh was still conceived as making physical appearances, the cherubim formed his living chariot, possibly identical with the storm-winds (Psalms xviii. 11; 2 Samuel xxii. 11): "And he rode upon a cherub and did fly: and he was seen upon the wings of the wind ".
Ezekiel documents a different version of cherubim, probably of popular origin. The cherubim in this tradition had each four faces— that of a lion, an ox, an eagle, and a man— and combined features of these four creatures, the stature and hands of a man and the two pairs of wings that identified deities, e.g. in contemporary Assyria. Christians will recognize these as the symbols of the four Evangelists. Two of the wings extended upward, meeting above and sustaining the throne of God; while the other two stretched downward and covered the creatures themselves. They never turned, but went "straight forward" as the wheels of the cherubic chariot, and they were full of eyes "like burning coals of fire" (Ezekiel i:5 - 28; ix:3, x; xi:22).
The conception of angels derived from Biblical descriptions is difficult to present as a visual image, and furthermore composite beings are largely alien to the central Greco-Roman tradition. (Contrast archaic and exotic beings like Harpy, Typhon, Centaur Gryphon etc.) Some art historians believe Christians adopted the image of the lovely winged dawn goddess Aurora (or Eos) to represent angels.
Cherubim, in particular, are frequently represented as infants (Italian putti) in Christian-inspired art, as can be seen in innumerable church frescoes and in the work Renaissance painters such as Raphael. The image was often reduced to the head and wings.
|
<urn:uuid:41d58764-2a1b-4eb3-845c-601648b412df>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-10
|
http://www.sacredmint.com/hand-carved-cherubic-angel-of-harmony.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1393999651148/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305060731-00051-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.952269 | 826 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Q: We own a home in north Georgia and have hemlocks located twenty feet from a small creek. The trees are infested with wooly adelgids. Last year we sprayed them but could not get to the tree tops. We also have one large hemlock, further away, on which we drenched Bayer Advanced Tree & Shrub Insecticide. Since the smaller trees are near water, can a handy homeowner use Pointer insecticide to kill adelgids on them?
A: The imidacloprid chemical found in Pointer and the Bayer product is effective at controlling hemlock woolly adelgid. The challenge is getting it to the tree needles where the adelgids do their damage. Pointer uses small capsules of insecticide inserted in the trunk at the base of a tree.
Chris Hastings, with ArborMedics, says when he does use capsules it is common for the insecticide to not enter the tree. The capsules do not inject the liquid but rather apply slight pressure and wait for the tree to suck it up. If the vascular system is not active, when a tree is dormant or stressed, the insecticide will not be pulled to the top.
Art Morris, with Bartlett Tree Experts, says that with the Pointer system it’s a little tricky to drill a hole just deep enough to hit the tree’s xylem layer without going too far. As you know, imidacloprid is toxic to invertebrates. A Bayer representative recommends that their product be drenched onto the soil no closer than twenty feet from a body of water. This leaves the Pointer system as the only homeowner alternative for your smaller trees.
You are welcome to try it yourself but remember that a certified arborist can use a pressurized system that might be more effective.
|
<urn:uuid:e05017f5-0c7a-4d04-bcab-dfbf0dcb9c5f>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-05
|
http://www.walterreeves.com/gardening-q-and-a/adelgids-insecticide-2/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251783621.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20200129010251-20200129040251-00513.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.941133 | 379 | 2.625 | 3 |
Safe drinking water is a key necessity, and ozonation is one of the common processes in drinking water preparation. The main drawbacks of using conventional ozone methods are the high-buoyancy-related low retention time and rapid decomposition of ozone eradicating residual ozone in water, which do not support prevention of regrowth of microorganisms in treated water. When ozone is delivered as nanobubbles, it increases the retention time due to the low-rising-velocity-related low buoyancy and increased higher specific area of nanobubbles compared to those of ordinary bubbles. The diffusion and concentration of ozone in the water are very important in the treatment process. Experimental results and theoretical calculations show that using nanobubbles leads to lower diffusion and higher ozone concentration compared to using ordinary bubbles. Decomposition of ozone in water generates oxygen where higher oxygen concentrations are obtained using nanobubbles. The oxygen formed during decomposition of ozone generates radicals that can oxidise pollutants. This paper summarises the methods of generating nanobubbles for drinking water treatment at the commercial scale and proposes a method of using ceramic diffusers in a treatment plant with increased efficiency. Moreover, the cost-benefit analysis presented highlights the benefits of using ozone as nanobubbles.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Environmental Science(all)
|
<urn:uuid:6d333663-5c6b-4f70-bf21-17deaf118679>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://researchwith.njit.edu/en/publications/nano-ozone-bubbles-for-drinking-water-treatment
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510707.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20230930181852-20230930211852-00879.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.904206 | 273 | 3.46875 | 3 |
Craters of the Moon
Craters of the Moon
A Project of the Sun Valley Center for the Arts
May 20–July 30, 2016: Sun Valley Center for the Arts, Ketchum, Idaho
May 20–late September 30, 2016: Craters of the Moon National Monument, Arco, Idaho
Craters of the Moon is an exhibition in two parts, one at Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve near Arco, Idaho, and one at the Sun Valley Center for the Arts in Ketchum, Idaho. The project celebrates a uniquely Western environment. Located in Idaho about an hour’s drive from Sun Valley, Craters of the Moon National Monument is a “weird and scenic” landscape that evolved over eight volcanic eruptions that occurred 15,000 to 2,000 years ago. (The hot spot underneath Yellowstone National Park is the same one that created Craters’ lava fields.) Craters is a vast sea of black lava flows, tubes, caves and cones, dotted with sagebrush and other vegetation and punctuated by wind-sculpted limber pines. The area first gained attention when Robert Limbert walked the 50-mile length of its Great Rift in 1920 and then began lobbying for National Park designation.
Coinciding with the National Park Service Centennial, the exhibition at the Sun Valley Center for the Arts features work by five artists, each considering Craters of the Moon from different points of view. The Sun Valley Center for the Arts has commissioned two of these artists to create large-scale, site-specific sculptures that will be located at Craters of the Moon National Monument during the summer of 2016 before being relocated to sites in the city of Ketchum in the fall.
OUTDOOR SCULPTURES AT CRATERS OF THE MOON
NATIONAL MONUMENT AND PRESERVE
JOHN GRADE visited Craters with The Center’s curators in January 2015, camping overnight at the park. Struck by its extraordinary geology, he returned in September 2015 to digitally scan the interior of a lava tube that is the basis for a 75’ long sculpture he is constructing. Large enough for visitors to pass through, the sculpture is constructed of standing deadwood cedar from Alaska. The journey through Grade’s sculpture will mimic the experience of exploring caves within the park. During the summer of 2016, the sculpture will be sited at Craters of the Moon’s East Overlook, a scenic pullout along U.S. Highway 20/26/93 located approximately one mile east of the entrance to the park’s Visitor Center.
In the fall of 2016, after its tenure at Craters of the Moon, the sculpture will be re-installed on a long-term site adjacent to a 20-mile long bike path that links the cities of the Wood River Valley (Sun Valley, Ketchum, Hailey and Bellevue). The path was built along tracks the Union Pacific Railroad once traveled, and the site Grade has chosen still holds a small section of track. The sculpture’s charred black surface and the horizontal spines running the length of the sculpture evoke railroad tracks and allude to the bike path’s history, as does the sculpture’s title, Spur.
Grade has executed numerous large-scale projects at museums in the United States and Europe. Most recently, he received national attention for Middlefork, commissioned for the inaugural exhibition at the newly reopened Renwick Gallery at the Smithsonian American Art Museum. To create Middlefork, Grade cast a 100-foot section of an old-growth hemlock tree in Washington State and then worked with hundreds of volunteers to build a new tree out of a half-million segments of reclaimed cedar.
JASON MIDDLEBROOK also spent time at Craters with The Center’s curators last winter. While Grade is focused on the park’s geological history, Middlebrook was struck by its ecology. He is currently at work on a steel sculpture modeled on the dramatic form of one of the many dead limber pines that dot the lava flow. Its skeleton will be tiled with slate, giving it the appearance of lava. It will be installed in the park’s Old Man Picnic Area, which visitors can access from the park’s Loop Road. Middlebrook’s sculpture will then be installed long-term in downtown Ketchum’s Little Park in the fall of 2016.
Middlebrook has executed several site-specific public art projects, including Underlife, at the Albright-Knox Art Gallery in Buffalo, New York, and Brooklyn Seeds, a mosaic installation commissioned by the MTA for a subway stop along New York’s Q line.
During the summer season, Craters of the Moon’s Loop Road is open 24 hours a day. Vehicles must pay a $10 entrance fee. Those entering by bicycle, motorcycle or foot pay $5 per person. Individuals age 15 and under enter free.
EXHIBITION AT THE SUN VALLEY CENTER FOR THE ARTS
Both John Grade and Jason Middlebrook will contribute materials related to their sculptural projects to the exhibition at the Sun Valley Center for the Arts in Ketchum, including photographs, plans, drawings and maquettes.
Three additional artists will also participate in the Ketchum exhibition:
Photographer BINH DANH is well known for his experimental work with photographic techniques. Growing up in a family that fled Vietnam for the United States when he was 2, Danh never felt a particular connection to America’s natural landscape; camping in the wilderness didn’t appeal to his parents, who had lived in camps before leaving Vietnam. Danh, though, had always wanted to see Yosemite, which he knew only through famous photographs. Several years ago he finally visited the park, documenting it in a series of daguerreotypes. The experience made him feel a sense of ownership of the park itself; he quotes Carl Pope in the PBS series The National Parks: America’s Best Idea: “My sense is that our special connection with the National Parks comes from the fact that we’re a nation of immigrants. We’re a nation of people for whom this is not home, and the National Parks are what anchor and root us on this continent. They are the meaning of home for many of us.”
The Center invited Danh to continue his consideration of national parks, immigration and citizenship with a project at Craters of the Moon. Danh has visited the park twice to make work for the exhibition: daguerreotype landscapes as well as images of different types of volcanic specimens, and portraits of rangers at the park as custodians of the landscape on behalf of all American citizens.
Painter CINDY TOWER has twice spent extended periods of time making work at Craters, once as its Artist in Residence. She was drawn to the park in response to the 2011 BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, which was about the same size as the lava flow at Craters, covering 750,000 acres. Mixing tar with oil paint, she produced a series of dense, heavy paintings that are meditations on our human relationship to the landscape (as something to be enjoyed or exploited), and on the physicality of Craters itself, which has a textural and tactile quality like few other places.
CHARLES LINDSAY has visited Craters of the Moon regularly over the past two decades to record sounds, take video and photograph. The exhibition features two new sculptural devices and a composite photograph from his series Mining the Moon. A multi-disciplinary artist interested in technology and eco-systems, he has made art at NASA Ames and here references NASA’s use of Craters of the Moon as a location for space science research and training since 1969.
The Sun Valley Center for the Arts is located at 191 Fifth Street East in Ketchum, Idaho, and is open to the public from 9am–5pm, Monday through Friday, and from 11am–5pm on Saturdays in July. Admission is always free.
The Sun Valley Center for the Arts has received support for Craters of the Moon from The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts, the City of Ketchum and numerous private donors. The Center has also been recommended for a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts under the “Imagine Your Parks” initiative, a grant established in recognition of the NPS Centennial. In addition to financial support, numerous partners have helped make this project possible, including the National Park Service (and their staff at Craters of the Moon National Monument), the City of Ketchum, Idaho Foundation for Parks and Lands, the Blaine County Recreation District and other public and private partners.
OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION
Sheep herding has been an important part of Idaho’s economy for more than a century. Every spring, sheep leave their winter pastures along the Snake River Plain and head north into the mountains of the Wood River and Sawtooth Valleys for summer grazing. Craters of the Moon is itself a site for sheep grazing, which takes place in parts of the monument managed by the Bureau of Land Management. Located very near Craters of the Moon is Lava Lake Lamb, a family-owned ranch producing 100% grass-fed, wild range lamb. Lava Lake is a generous partner in the project and will be hosting a party honoring the project’s patrons at their ranch in late June.
As sheep move north and south through the Wood River Valley, they travel along a stock driveway adjacent to the valley’s bike path. Once John Grade’s Spur is sited in Ketchum, thousands of sheep will pass by (and even through) the sculpture each spring and fall.
Southern Idaho is home to other unique sites that are part of the National Park Service system.
- Minidoka National Historic Site
Minidoka NHS preserves one of the relocation Centers where Japanese people were imprisoned during World War II.
- Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument
Hagerman Fossil Beds contain the remains of plants and animals from the late Pliocene epoch. Located along the Snake River 30 miles from Twin Falls, the Fossil Beds are little known and not often visited.
- City of Rocks National Reserve
City of Rocks is located in remote, far southern Idaho in the Albion Mountains. The park takes its name from its dramatic granite formations: towers, spires, cliffs and arches created through millions of years of erosion.
Craters of the Moon has a long-standing tradition of space science:
Collaboration with NASA began in 1969 when Apollo astronauts trained at Craters to gain in-depth knowledge of volcanic features and processes. Thirty years after training here, in 1999, astronauts Eugene Cernan, Joe Engle, and Edgar Mitchell returned to Craters of the Moon to participate in the park’s 75th year anniversary celebrations. Staff at Craters of the Moon captured the astronauts’ experiences and testimonials in a video for school groups entitled “Return to the Moon.” This short film is still used for educational outreach and for the park’s Junior Ranger program (aka “Lunar Rangers”). Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve is also an active affiliate of the Idaho Space Grant Consortium, perhaps the only national park unit that is a space grant affiliate. Beginning in 2014, two research projects, FINESSE and BASALT, continued that tradition with new scientific missions here at the park.
- FINESSE (Field Investigations to Enable Solar System Science and Exploration)
- BASALT (Biologic Analog Science Associated with Lava)
Both teams of researchers are examining the lava landscape of Craters of the Moon as analogs for features found on Mars and other cosmic features.
PRESS & IMAGE REQUESTS
Please contact: Holly Bornemeier, Marketing Manager at , 208.726.9491, ext. 116.
Click here to download Craters of the Moon press packet.
|
<urn:uuid:89119ba1-b99b-4121-ba75-132d66b78259>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-47
|
https://sunvalleycenter.org/visual-arts/craters-of-the-moon/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806939.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20171123195711-20171123215711-00288.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.947803 | 2,509 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Kyphoplasty is often discussed along with vertebroplasty, another procedure. These are used to treat fractures in the bones of the spine. These bones are vertebrae.
During a vertebroplasty, the doctor injects a cementlike material into the bone to make it more stable. During a kyphoplasty, the doctor first inflates a balloonlike device in the bone to make space. The space is then filled with cement.
You may need a kyphoplasty if you have certain types of fractures, or broken areas, in your spine. In most cases, osteoporosis — or thinning of the bones — plays a role in these fractures. The fractures cause the bones to collapse or become compressed. The fractures can cause pain or lead you to develop a hunched-over posture.
The procedure may also be done if cancer has damaged a vertebra. A kyphoplasty may make the bone a little taller to help make up for the height it loses when it's compressed. The procedure may also relieve pain.
Usually doctors perform this procedure only after trying other treatments. These may include your wearing a back brace or taking pain medicine.
The risks involved in a kyphoplasty include:
Increased back pain
Tingling, numbness, or weakness because of nerve damage
Allergic reactions to chemicals used during X-rays that help the doctor put the balloon in the right place
Cement leaking out of position
The amount of radiation used during an X-ray procedure is considered minimal; therefore, the risk for radiation exposure is low. But if you are pregnant or suspect that you may be pregnant, you should notify your health care provider.
There may be other risks, depending on your specific medical condition. Be sure to discuss any concerns with your doctor before the procedure.
Your doctor will meet with you before the procedure to check your health. You will also have testing done. This may include X-rays or an MRI scan to help your doctor see the fractures. You may also have blood tests and a physical examination.
Talk with your doctor about any medications or supplements you're taking and if you have an allergy to any medications or to contrast agents, the dyes used during certain X-rays.
You may need to stop taking aspirin or other medicines that thin your blood before the procedure. You may be told to avoid eating or drinking anything for several hours before the surgery. Bring someone with you to the procedure to drive you home afterward.
An anesthesia provider will put an IV line into a vein to give you medicine. You will either be given medicine to relax you and keep you from feeling pain or to make you go to sleep before the surgery. You will lie face down on an operating table during the surgery. X-ray equipment will be nearby.
The doctor will insert a needle through your skin and back muscles and into the bone, then inflate the balloon. This opens a space for the pastelike cement and may help the bone regain its normal shape. Next, your doctor will inject the cement mixture into the bone while checking X-ray images to help ensure that the cement goes into the right place. The doctor will then remove the needle. You will not need stitches in your back.
The entire procedure will probably take less than an hour. If the doctor needs to treat more than 1 vertebra, the procedure may take longer. You will spend time in a recovery room after the surgery. You may be able to go home the same day, but your doctor may want you to stay overnight.
You may be able to start walking an hour after the procedure. You may feel some soreness where the needle was put into your back; this may last a few days. You may quickly notice that you have less pain in your back than you did before the surgery. Talk with your doctor about whether you should avoid any activities after the procedure.
Your doctor may suggest that you take certain vitamins, minerals, and medications to help strengthen your bones and prevent more fractures in your spine.
|
<urn:uuid:783c07be-9fbb-4cf8-ac0a-71c96bd6a079>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-35
|
http://www.bayhealth.org/orthopaedics/BayhealthContentPage.aspx?nd=839&type=7&parm1=36&parm2=135&doc=true
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500826343.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021346-00153-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.937452 | 832 | 3.140625 | 3 |
We are trying to live the faith in a bad time. The engines of the mass phenomena are all ranged against us: schools and colleges, television, newspapers, Hollywood, and government. Our leaders bring to mind the state of affairs that Donne describes in his plea to God to take him by storm:
Reason, your viceroy in me, me should defend,
But is captived, and proves weak or untrue.
We ourselves are tentative, or we flail about. How can we best present the faith to a people glutted with half-truths, falsehoods, bad reasoning, and the fevered emotions of political enmity? In such a time, it’s tempting to let disgruntlement get the better of us and go after the easy target: our fellow faithful Christian, whose way of confronting troubles is not ours.
A little history may serve us well. Cato the Elder was, for better and for worse, Roman to the core. He lived austerely and was proud of it. He worked his farm beside his slaves and (what prompted a remarkably long passage of moral condemnation from Plutarch) sold them off when they were too old to work. He offered his services as a lawyer and orator for free, and so built up a cadre of grateful admirers. He longed for the highest offices in the state, and he got them. When he became censor, he struck from the senatorial ranks all men whose private lives did not measure up to his severe standards. That earned him the enmity of the upper class, but it pleased the common people immensely.
Cato was no mere politician. He was also a soldier and a general: he did signal work at the Battle of the Metaurus in 207 B.C. against Hasdrubal, brother of Hannibal. Had the brothers been able to unite their armies—Hasdrubal coming from the north to join Hannibal in the south—ancient Rome might have become no more than a curiosity for historians and archaeologists. But the Carthaginians were put to rout. The Romans cut off the head of Hasdrubal, transported it south, and pitched it into his brother’s camp.
Hannibal eventually had to leave Italy to defend Carthage itself, threatened by the armies of Publius Cornelius Scipio—who was also, mostly for the better, Roman to the core. Scipio was notably easy with his men. His enemies in Rome, principally Cato and Quintus Fabius Maximus, dubbed him Cunctator (“the Delayer”) for his long war of attrition against Hannibal. They seized upon his leniency to condemn him.
Scipio himself was no epicure. His way of securing the loyalty of his men was not that of Cato or Fabius. It was Scipio who finally defeated Hannibal in North Africa, at the battle of Zama in 202 B.C. The Roman legions received crucial assistance from the Numidian king Massinissa, who was won over by Scipio’s intelligence and grace.
Cato and Scipio hated one another. Cato hated Carthage, and wanted it destroyed, and that was just what Scipio’s descendant, Scipio Aemilianus, did. But Cato hated the younger Scipio, too, condemning him for introducing Greek ways and Greek thinking into old-fashioned Rome. For their part, the Scipios hated their in-laws, the Gracchi brothers, for pushing land reforms that would take property out of senatorial hands and help to settle Rome’s veterans on farms. Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus would be assassinated, and Scipio Aemilianus himself, who seems to have played a role in the first brother’s death, died under suspicious circumstances. Cato the Elder, Scipio Africanus, Scipio Aemilianus, Fabius Maximus, Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus— excellent men and true patriots every one of them, but interlaced with hatreds.
None of those Romans was a traitor to the state. Rome had plenty of them in the succeeding century. Catiline was a traitor. Caesar, who was secretly friendly to Catiline, had himself proclaimed dictator for life. Cicero, who brought Catiline down, bowed out of public life when his old friend and enemy Caesar took control of the state. Then Cicero’s friend Brutus, seeking to liberate Rome from autocracy, conspired with envious and ambitious men to assassinate Caesar.
How can we tell a Catiline from a Cato, or a Caesar from a Scipio? Not by personality or by tastes, but by principles.
The person in charge of the lousy music at your church is probably just ignorant of what sacred music is, and what it’s for. I’ve criticized lousy music for doing real harm to the Church. But the music leader (assuming he isn’t motivated by the heresy evident in a lot of that music) is not your enemy. The person who believes that the Novus Ordo was a mistake, but that it is a valid way of celebrating Mass, is not your enemy. The person who believes that the traditional rite is good, but the Novus Ordo is better, is not your enemy. I’m assuming that each person believes what the Church teaches about the Mass: it’s the sacrifice of Christ re-enacted; it’s to be oriented toward the worship of God and not toward the good feelings of the worshipers; and it’s to be celebrated with reverence and solemnity, not slovenliness and informality.
The person who believes that innocent human life is never deliberately to be destroyed, and who agrees that this teaching is—under current conditions prevailing in the West—to be extended to include those guilty of punishment deserving death, is not your enemy. The person who demurs about the latter, because he does not find the arguments to be cogent, is not your enemy. I’m assuming that the former person doesn’t believe that the Church ever taught falsehood or wickedness, and that the latter person is willing to be persuaded and is not rejecting arguments because of who is making them.
The person who believes that a state should be generous in accepting immigrants and refugees, within bounds established by law, is not your enemy. The person who believes that the state’s first responsibility is to its own poor, and that caution in the matter of immigration is warranted, is not your enemy. I’m assuming that the former person doesn’t desire a fundamental change in the nation’s character or electorate, and that the latter does want to protect the wages of the working class and isn’t simply posing.
The person who believes that marriage is, by the design of the Creator, a lifelong and exclusive union of one man and one woman, but who believes that people who fall afoul of this truth are to be treated with decency—because we are all sinners, and in the course of justice none of us should see salvation—is not your enemy. The person who believes that what looks like indifference toward one or another way of thus falling afoul will place vulnerable people in jeopardy, and that therefore decency should never imply approval or indifference or making light of the harm that the sin causes, is not your enemy. I am assuming that both persons understand that the Church’s teachings on sex and marriage are liberating and are to be celebrated with gratitude and joy; and that sins against them are pernicious, working their immediate and inexorable harm (as all sins do) upon the people who commit them.
So with other areas of contention. When the ends are the same but the means are in question, never forget that arguments about means will rarely be decisive. There are too many factors for any one person to consider, and we must act in partial knowledge of the present, and with vague conjectures as to the future.
For example, I want to revive marriage in my country. So does my interlocutor. I believe that, in order to do so, boys and girls should sometimes be kept separate: we should reconsider single-sex schooling. My interlocutor is worried that segregation will produce boys and girls who don’t get along with each other at all. I reply that they aren’t getting along now, when they are mixed together indiscriminately, so we have nothing to lose. But so long as we both want a lot of healthy and happy marriages, we’re not enemies.
I believe that raising the minimum wage without reference to the ages of those receiving it will have the perverse result of pushing young people out of employment. My interlocutor believes that a just wage must suffice for a grown man to support his wife and children in a becoming way, and so the minimum wage should be raised considerably. I reply that that will require a re-structuring of labor, and the intention to allow businesses to favor heads of households over others. My interlocutor begins to worry about unjust discrimination. We’re groping toward a better way of getting things done; we are not enemies.
Principles are the key. If you say that innocent human life may deliberately be destroyed, you’re not Cato but Catiline. If you say that the Mass is primarily about those who attend, you’re not Scipio but Caesar. If you say that the Church has taught evil, you’re beyond the pale—beyond the palisade, outside of the fortifications. If you say that a nation’s just laws may be flouted, or that the poor from other nations are merely to be sent packing when they ask to come to your country, you are making for trouble.
Fights there will be. Cato was right to call Scipio out for his leniency, and Scipio was right to complain about the miserly censor. They were wrong to let these differences lapse into enmity. At the same time, principles are never to be compromised, and means are never to be taken as principles.
Now, my fellow Catholics, can we get to the work in hand? There’s more than enough, and it’s urgent.
|
<urn:uuid:cc672ca4-8371-4585-a36e-80026cc72304>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-05
|
https://www.crisismagazine.com/2019/who-is-my-enemy
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579250598726.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20200120110422-20200120134422-00400.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.969879 | 2,148 | 2.515625 | 3 |
This is our online cat behavior page. You can scroll down to the bottom to find individual articles of specific behavior problems discussed in detail. An overview of how to understand your cat is to follow.
Solving a cats behavior problem is no easy task, but it is worth the effort because once these problems are solved the feline tends to remember and retain a learned lesson very well.
The first thing to learn about a pets behavior problems is to understand your cat’s language.
Just like with human languages a cat may speak with a heavy accent. This is just a fun guideline. Of course your cat cannot speak, but they do have an extensive body language portfolio.
When you hear your cat cry, scream or meow they are most likely calling your attention so that you can watch their body movements and understand what they are telling you.
So basically we can say when the cat starts to cry or meow they are saying hey, look at me, I’m trying to tell you something important.
Now the timing may be bad on this cat conversation. But chances are if you take a minute and stopped to pay attention or even pet or stroke the feline they will feel satisfied that you have at least listened to what they had to say.
Ear and Tail Body Language
One of the most telling cats body language indicators or communication methods is the position of the tale.
A straight up vertical tail stretched sky words indicates that your cat has an open mind and is ready for conversation.
That same vertical position of the tail accompanied with the shaking of the tale means that your cat is excited about something. Usually this vertically shaking tale indicates a positive excitement.
If the tail is in the down position and straight back along with a side to side swishing motion this shows the cats behavior has turned to agitated. When the tail blows up by the raising of the hair this indicates that you just pushed the felines full anger button and he is prepared to fight.
The ear position is a good indication of mood. Ears pinned back would be aggressive cat behavior. Ears up and in a neutral position would be an opened frame of mind.
Forward pointing ears would indicate concentration or investigation of something interesting! This is Riley laying with Momma. When you look at her face you can always tell what she’s thinking because she communicates well with humans.
All of her cat behavior problems have been solved. We are once again a happy family unit. The first article below has a video featuring Riley. Her movie shows how to tell when a cat is happy because Riley is really good at communicating this emotion.
Fixing Cat Behavior Problems at Home
Solving behavior problems begins with understanding your own cats body language. This will take some time to translate, the cats non-speaking form of language into your own language.
For example, my two cats love fresh water. If the water sits in the bowl for more than a couple of hours they will request that the bowl be refilled immediately. First I will hear a small cry that draws my attention to their body language.
Then a few steps towards me, and back towards the water bowl and then a look back at me is a clear message that it’s time to refill the bowl. Recently we purchased a cat fountain that prolongs the amount of time between water changes. Good investment plus instant entertainment for kitty.
One thing that applies to solving cat behavior problems is that cats are very short on patience. You can compensate for this with your over abundance of patience when solving cat behavior issues.
We hope that you find the online cat behavior articles below, entertaining and useful. But remember, if you have a serious cat problem and you don’t seem to be getting anywhere with love, kindness and a touch of bribery. It may be time to contact an expert?
Helpful Online Cat Behavior Articles
People say my god mark you are always reading cat behavior books. Then I ask them, well is my cat happy? The answer is always yes, so I guess I learned something from all that reading.
Biting issues can be painful for pet owners with aggressive animals. Reviewing this article should solve the problem of the biting cat.
What is paw pushing? Our answers to one of the most commonly asked cat questions. What is this cat behavior kneading all about? Answers to why your cat greets you with the dog and pony show routine and other interesting cat behavior facts.
An interesting article that discusses the wide variety of noises your cat may make that we call the cats meow.
Normal domestic cat behavior and how your cat interacts with your family (aloof). You should value your domestic cats personal space.
What should you do about family cats that constantly fight with each other. I have a few Ideas about cats not getting along.
A specialized page for the lady cats out there. See how different female cats can act around people. What to do when bad behavior is pointed at you or directed at your family. This next page talks about the aggressive behavior of cats.
Some helpful tips and tricks on how to introduce a new cat to your established cats home. Multi cat behavior problems.
Online cat behavior provides this insightful story of dealing with Indoor pets behavioral problems.
The behavior of cats in the domesticated role and why a basic routine is best for your feline. Learn about the normal behavior of cats.
Next we have a story about a cat we have that would eat the tales off her toy mouse and what we did to solve it. Also see archived stories submitted from the community about strange things cats do.
The Homepage › The Online Cat Behavior Page
|
<urn:uuid:f86e2ba0-9323-4d90-8e2c-93c20467a3f7>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-05
|
https://www.cat-health-behavior.com/online-cat-behavior/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251700675.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20200127112805-20200127142805-00467.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.943882 | 1,156 | 2.71875 | 3 |
The triangular loop of wire shown in the drawing carries a currentI = 4.60 A. A uniform magneticfield is directed parallel to side AB of the triangle andhas a magnitude of 1.40 T.
(a) Find the magnitude and direction of the magnetic force exertedon each side of the triangle.
|Side AC:||1 N directed 2|
|Side CB:||3 N directed 4|
|Side BA:||5 N directed 6|
|
<urn:uuid:a66ab78b-7388-4546-bf9e-cb2c4f894e8a>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-35
|
http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/triangular-loop-wire-shown-drawing-carries-currenti-460--uniform-magneticfield-directed-pa-q486822
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500811913.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021331-00306-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.90133 | 96 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Joginapally B.R Engineering College, JNTUH, Ranga Reddy, Dist., Telangana, India
Received date: 04/06/2015 Revised date: 05/06/2015 Accepted date: 10/06/2015
Visit for more related articles at Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences
Transgenic Crops, Genetic transformation, Pesticides, Agriculture, Low toxicity.
Transgenic Crop/plants contain genes which are artificially inserted. Genes of another plant is taken and transferred to a specific plant or may transfer from different species to specific plant/crop. Most of the farmers prefer transgenic crops/plants for various reasons like pest resistant crops, drought resistant, weed resistant, and high yielding are the important problems which are replaced by transgenic crops. Earlier farmers used to spray different chemical for various diseases but the genetic transformation replaced all the problems. These transgenic plant/ crop are called as genetically modified crops [1-6].
Researchers aim to assemble group of genes in a plant/crop to overcome the various aspects which are harmful to plant and are decreasing the yield. Genetic transformation is a process of identifying the specific gene responsible for specific characteristics and isolating the gene from different crops/plant or from different species, these genes are transferred to the specific crop to acquire the specific characters. Genetic transformation brought vast changes in the crop yielding and crop protection from drought stress, salt stress and other diseases [7-10].
Crops with beneficial traits had been produced for thousands of years with the aid of traditional breeding approaches. Desirable characteristics are selected, mixed and propagated via repeated sexual crossings over countless generations. It is a long procedure, taking as much as 15 years to provide new types. Genetic engineering not simplest enables this process to be dramatically accelerated in a totally precise method by way of introducing a small quantity of genes, it may well also overcome the barrier of sexual incompatibility between plant species and vastly expand the dimensions of the to be had gene pool [11-15].
Transgenic vegetation which were genetically modified utilising recombinant DNA technology. This may be to precise a gene that's not native to the plant or to modify endogenous genes. The protein encoded by using the gene will confer a particular trait or characteristic to that plant. The technological know-how will also be utilized in a number of ways, for example to engineer resistance to abiotic stresses, corresponding to drought, extreme temperature or salinity, and biotic stresses, reminiscent of insects and pathogens, that would frequently show dangerous to plant development or survival. The technological know-how can also be used to reinforce the dietary content material of the plant, and software that would be of precise use in the constructing world. New-iteration GM crops are actually also being developed for the creation of recombinant drugs and industrial products, akin to monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, plastics and biofuels [16-25].
In 2007, for the twelfth consecutive year, the worldwide discipline of biotech crops planted persisted to broaden, with a development expense of 12% across 23 countries. The precept crops grown are soybean and maize, although cotton, canola and rice are also on the increase. However, genetically modified plants grown within the amount to only a few thousand hectares (∼0.03% of the arena creation), which is in general a mirrored image of European opposition to this technology. In contrast, meals derived from GM vegetation is ubiquitous in the USA. Indeed, many animal feeds utilized in Europe derived from imported plant material contain GM merchandise. In a similar fashion, Bt-cotton is broadly used in apparel and other products [26-33].
Even though there are various functions of genetic engineering in agriculture, the current focal point of biotechnology is to generate transgenic plants equivalent to herbicide resistant vegetation (HRCs) and pest and ailment resistant plants. HRCs and insect resistant crops (Bt vegetation) accounted for fifty four and 31% of the total world subject in 1997. More and more, giant acreages of transgenic soybean (18 million hectares), maize (10 million hectares), potato, tomato, tobacco, and cotton are being commercially deployed in agricultural landscapes global. Transnational organizations equivalent to Monsanto, DuPont, Novartis etc., that are the foremost proponents of biotechnology argue that cautiously deliberate introduction of these vegetation should cut back and even get rid of the enormous crop losses because of weeds, insect pests, and pathogens. Correctly they argue that the usage of such vegetation may have delivered necessary effects on the atmosphere with the aid of tremendously lowering using agrochemicals. What is ironic is the truth that the biorevolution is being brought ahead by using the same interests that promoted the first wave of agrochemically-founded agriculture, however this time, by using equipping each and every crop with new “insecticidal genes,” they're promising the arena safer pesticides, discount on chemically intensive farming and a more sustainable agriculture [33-40].
Transgenic crops are the important step forward in the production of production of agricultural crops. These crops are modified to contain specific characters like resistant to drought, pests etc. in different agricultural crops. Transgenic crops are in which genes are transferred from one source to another specific crop. Transgenic crops gave better result in product yield, Pests resistance, and herbicide resistance etc. for this some of the farmers are attracted to transgenic crops and some farmers are opposing due to its impact on health in the future. Farmers are attracted to transgenic crops which are non-consumable crop like cotton, which gives high product yield and reduced the use of more pesticides and herbicides. Farmers who grow consumable crops are opposing the transgenic crops due to the genetic transformation which may show its impact on health [41-45].
Biotechnology developed various strategies to control plant viruses, they are divided in to three categories, first category make use of sequences derived from the viral genomes, second is plant derived genes, and the third is no-viral, non-plant derived sequences.
Genetic engineering makes it feasible to switch genes from almost any animal species, micro-organism, plant or virus—into nearly every other species, regardless of how unrelated the two species maybe. Therefore, these innovative molecular approaches let scientists generate organisms with wholly new mixtures of properties. For example, a jellyfish gene transferred to crops makes them luminescent, and the Monsanto organization is developing new kinds of grass on the way to produce coloured lawns [46-50].
Sadly, scientists lack the imperative information to foretell the penalties of standard business planting of transgenic vegetation, largely on the grounds that the technological know-how itself remains so new. Nevertheless, transgenic vegetation are currently being planted on a commercial scale, and the discipline devoted to transgenic plants accelerated from four.3 million acres in 1996 to sixty nine.5 million acres in 1998. With such speedily growing use of transgenic vegetation, scientists and society have got to weigh whether the talents advantages outweigh the advantage risks.
Scientists have got to ask: Do transgenic vegetation pose distinctive risks from those long-established to plants created through normal approaches of plant breeding? In the end, plant breeders used natural methods for millennia to create organisms with fairly novel characteristics. For illustration, varieties as unique as broccoli, Brussels sprouts and cabbage came from a single species of mustard. Many scientists emphasize that the product—no longer the system—wishes to be regulated and evaluated for threat. In different words, transgenic crops will have to not require law without problems considering that they are genetically engineered. As an alternative, a transgenic crop should be regulated most effective whether it is likely to pose elevated threats to human health or the environment. Nevertheless, genetic engineering can create many extra combos of genes and new traits than can typical breeding. This largely improved novelty diminishes any one's capacity to foretell the defense of a transgenic organism on the groundwork of previous experience.
Majorly agriculture based economic development is considered in every country; some of the developed countries adopted transgenic crops for their economic development and reduced the investments on chemicals and other labor costs. Slowly developing countries are also adopting transgenic crops in the agriculture and they are gaining profits compared to earlier. There is an issue with the consumable food crops at international markets due to its effect on health, but this is not a major issue if the harmless genes are isolated from the specific sources or if the toxicity is induced properly.
Use of transgenic crops raises yields and reduces the necessity for pesticide use, thereby preventing gigantic ecological injury. GM pesticide-producing plants are engineered to supply Bt toxins, a crystal protein naturally synthesized by way of the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis. The United States Environmental security company has discovered that these toxins don't spark off within the human intestine, and pose no hazard to human well-being. The endotoxins are insecticidal and showcase low environmental persistence (meaning they degrade speedily), making them ideal for expression in crops. Although Bt is deadly to many bugs, a couple of scientific reviews have determined them to be harmless to wild mammals, birds, pets, and people; Bt endotoxins may as well be viewed “biopesticides”. Herbicide-resistant crops are engineered to be immune to glyphosate, an herbicide with somewhat low toxicity stages, which allows for the spraying of glyphosate on crops to kill weeds. An illustration of any such plant is the Roundup ready soybean produced by using Monsanto, and the EPA has labeled glyphosate with a “low toxicity” rating.
The European corn borer, a widespread crop pest, claims 7 percentage of the sector's corn deliver every yr. Use of Bt corn has saved US farmers in Iowa and Nebraska on my own up to 1.7 billion dollars in fighting this pest during the last 14 years, when compared to non-Bt versions (Hutchinson). Spanish farmers who have carried out Bt maize have determined a 10 percentage broaden in yields, with as much as 20 percentage increases in borer-infested areas (Europa). Along with growing yields, Bt crops also cut back pesticide usage. Some estimates point out that if “50% of maize, oil seed rape, sugar beet, and cotton grown within the eu have been GM types, pesticide within the eu/year would decrease with the aid of 14.5 million kg of formulated product”, and “there would be a discount of 7.5 million hectares sprayed, which might store 20.5 million liters of diesel and effect in a discount of roughly 73,000 lots of carbon dioxide being launched into the surroundings”. A discount of 13 million kg of pesticide in this has been recorded in soybean and corn fields in between 1997 and 2009, after the introduction of genetically modified vegetation. Pesticide usage is lowered by way of a projected 2.5 million pounds a year in the U.S. By myself because of introduction of Bt crops. It's projected that the introduction of Bt resistant sugar beet in Europe would scale back pesticide usage in kilograms per year by 2,208 kg and expand yield via 5,050 kg per yr. Europe, a position the place transgenic crops are marginally utilized, uses roughly three kg of pesticide per hectare, compared to the united states' 2.5.
Overall, we feel that biotechnology has exceptional competencies to deliver about many benefits to furnish for food safety, peculiarly within the 0.33 world. These benefits include, however should not limited to, the discount of crop loss to environmental stress, the prevention of nutrition deficiency by way of more nutritious crops, the prevention of meals spoilage earlier than it is dropped at market, the alleviation of soil degradation within the third World, the potential use in agroforestry methods to create extra effective and non-aggressive nitrogen fixers, the abilities to synthesize more effective biopesticides for natural and organic farming, the competencies to create plants built to bioremediate contaminated soils, and the abilities to create plants that thrive in rooftop or vertical farms. Nonetheless, although promising, agricultural technological know-how has now not yet delivered on the aforementioned fronts.
Transgenic crops are developed according to needs of human beings and to protect from the harmful organisms. So, majorly it has benefits like
1. Transgenic crops are resistant to various diseases and reduce the investment cost on chemicals and more labor force.
2. High product yielding in lesser time and also reduces the food scarcity.
3. Advanced farming techniques are developed.
4. Some African countries are facing Nutritious food scarcity, to avoid such problems crops are modified to more nutrients by genetic transformation.
5. These transgenic crops can be stored for long time due to its increased resistance to spoilage.
6. These crops can also grow under drought conditions.
The only major disadvantage is the name “genetic transformation” sounds threatening to consumers and it creates marketing disadvantage for the transgenic products.
There are different varieties of food crops and are under various stresses like drought, salt stress etc. to avoid this, genetic transformation was developed and to meet the food requirement for human beings. Farmers are investing lot of money on the chemicals and labor force which also reducing the income of the farmers. By 2050 world population would be 920crores to meet the food requirement the transgenic crops will be the major solution.
Farmers are tired of spraying chemicals, facing drought, loss of fertility in soil, low product yielding, low income and one side the food requirement for growing population is increasing. So to reduce such problems researchers concentrated on agriculture and developed transgenic crops by transferring gene from one species to another or to same species. Which brought vast changes in agricultural world and most of the developed countries are adopted to transgenic crops by which they are gaining profits. So, by this it is concluded as transgenic crops are beneficial for the economic development of a country and can also reduce the food scarcity with rich nutrients.
|
<urn:uuid:0d7b07c2-52dd-434c-9fd7-38945ba3ffe0>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-14
|
https://www.rroij.com/open-access/impact-of-transgenic-plants-in-environment-.php?aid=53468
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296949035.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20230329213541-20230330003541-00672.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.939363 | 2,886 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Two truths and a lie
There’s an ice-breaker game called Two Truths and a Lie where each participant writes down three stories about herself, two true and one a fib, and the others try to guess which is which. It’s a fun exercise as an ice-breaker, but it points to something I find much more interesting: the stories we tell about ourselves reflect our identity and in turn shape our identity.
- Our stories reflect our sense of self.
- Our stories shape our sense of self.
- Tapping changes how we see and tell our stories.
Our stories reflect our sense of self
Imagine that each of us has a library card catalog of stored stories and memories. These stories reflect how we see ourselves and how we see the world. We could easily search through this card catalog and find a story where we were embarrassed, let down, or shamed. Just as easily we can search through this card catalog and find stories of where we felt safe, seen, acknowledged, and lifted up.
When we are feeling better about ourselves, we find better-feeling stories. When we are feeling worse, we find worse-feeling stories.
Our stories shape our sense of self
Our stories and our interpretations also shape how we see ourselves. You can see the cycle unfolding, with patterns and beliefs affecting each other.
Tapping changes our stories
One of the dramatic effects of tapping is that we can change our stories. Or rather, we can change the emotional intensity of our stories, and we change the interpretations of our stories. These changes aren’t forced; they arrive organically as the tapping moves the energy.
- We change the meaning of the story.
- We change the intent behind people’s actions in our experience.
- We change the blame within the story.
- We have greater compassion for all the parts of the story.
- We find our center in the story.
Who’s the subject of your story?
While researching for this blog post, I found this quote by Mehmet Murat ildan that was a bit startling. I realized how many of our stories are about something being done to us. What if we start telling stories where we are the one doing the creating and action?
To live is to write a story. If you are a strong person, your life story will mostly be written by you; if you are a weak person, mostly others will write your life story!
[Note: I don’t like the words strong and weak, but you get the idea behind the quote.]
When you think of the stories that define you:
- Are they about you as the object, where others are doing things to you?
- Are they about you as the subject, where you are doing things to others?
This week we have access to some experiential throat energy with the 35th archetype being defined by the sun. I invite you play with your stories, do some tapping on some old ones, and create anew!
This week’s podcast continues the theme of tapping on our stories.
|
<urn:uuid:cdf04a87-0554-4528-b465-0924a79e9d6a>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-24
|
https://www.deborahdonndelinger.com/stories-we-tell
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347435238.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20200603144014-20200603174014-00149.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.947577 | 644 | 3.046875 | 3 |
In 2010, winegrape growers in California voted overwhelmingly to extend the assessment on winegrapes for another five years to fund research to find a solution to Pierce’s disease.
In addition to extending the assessment, growers voted to expand the uses of the assessment to include research and outreach on other pests and diseases of winegrapes. These pests and diseases must pose serious dangers to winegrapes, and efforts directed toward them must not substantially diminish the efforts on Pierce’s disease.
The PD/GWSS Board has established a process to follow to ensure that a candidate pest or disease meets the criteria set forth in the legislation giving the Board the authority to designate other pests and diseases.
- Click here to download a flowchart on the process
- Click here to download the worksheet the Board uses to evaluate a suggested new pest or disease.
Any stakeholder may suggest a pest or disease for consideration. For more information or questions, please call the CDFA Pierce’s Disease Control Program at 916-900-5024 or click here to email.
Current pests or diseases that have received the designation as a threat to California’s winegrapes.
European Grapevine Moth (EGVM) Fact Sheet
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB) Fact Sheet
Grapevine Leafroll Disease Fact Sheet
Red Blotch (GRBaV) Fact Sheet
Vine Mealybug (VMB) Fact Sheet
Grapevine Fanleaf Virus
Mealy Bugs Fact Sheet (Longtailed, Grape, and Obscure)
Click here for more information on mealybugs
|
<urn:uuid:f9b0e28a-371d-4f44-afd1-c61fb9ccd915>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://pdgwss.net/background/designation-of-other-pests-diseases/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128321938.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20170627221726-20170628001726-00689.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.901751 | 340 | 3.015625 | 3 |
A UC Riverside geophysics professor is taking measurements along fault lines running through Ridgecrest, California, to determine how the little-known fissures produced the July 4 earthquake and the bigger one that followed the next day, campus officials said Wednesday.
Professor Abhijit Ghosh has planted 25 seismometers along the surface of the Ridgecrest faults to monitor activity since last month’s shakers and utilize that data to gauge what impact the lines are having on surrounding faults, including the well-known Garlock fault that stretches 150 miles, just southeast of Bakersfield, according to UCR.
“These instruments are extremely sensitive,” Ghosh said. “They can detect and locate even very tiny earthquakes very precisely.”
The professor acknowledged very little is understood about the main 40-mile Ridgecrest fault — until it got everyone’s attention with a 6.4-magnitude quake on July 4 and a 7.1-magnitude roller July 5, causing extensive damage to infrastructure in the community of Ridgecrest and around the neighboring China Lake Naval Air Weapons Station.
Ghosh is hoping the readings, which give a three-dimensional view of fault lines’ composition, will enable seismologists to improve geophysical mapping of the region.
The professor says he is keenly interested to know what influence the 7.1-magnitude quake may have had on tectonic plates moving within surrounding faults.
“It’s not a matter of `whether’ there will be another large quake in California,” Ghosh said. “It’s an inevitability. The more we understand about the physics behind earthquakes, the better we can prepare to combat their hazards.”
Ghosh dismissed the notion that a big quake provides a release of energy that lessens the likelihood of a similar temblor happening in the same area soon afterward. He said a bigger quake could strike at any time.
“Be prepared,” the professor said. “Seismic hazard levels are high in California, whether you live near Ridgecrest or not.”
His research is being funded, in part, by the National Science Foundation.
>> Want to read more stories like this? Get our Free Daily Newsletters Here!Follow us:
|
<urn:uuid:603e812e-5e3f-4e06-bd9d-0408f662bdaa>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-16
|
https://mynewsla.com/uncategorized/2019/08/14/seismologist-studies-dimensions-dynamics-of-ridgecrest-fault-line/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370493684.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20200329015008-20200329045008-00390.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.946884 | 482 | 3 | 3 |
Sitars are a northern Indian stringed instrument of the lute family. They are the dominant instrument in Hindustani music. They appear to have developed under Medieval Muslim influence from the tanbur, a Middle Eastern long-necked lute and from the vina, or bin, a narrow, elaborate Indian Zither. Iconographic images of instruments similar to the modern sitar appeared only around 1800. There is abundant proof that the instrument had taken on its present form by the mid-nineteenth century. Several additional innovations during the turn of the twentieth century have been made to the instrument since then, giving form to the current "standard" sitar.
The word "sitar" is Persian (Iranian) in origin, meaning three strings (seh - three and tar - string). The Persian setar, similar to the Turkish saz, is a long thin-necked lute with a small wooden body.
The sitar normally has five melody strings and five or six drone strings which are used to accenuate the rhythm or pulse. Beneath the convex frets in the hollow neck are 9 to 13 sympathetic strings. There is often a gourd under the pegbox end of the neck
The sitar is a modal instrument - meaning that depending on the key you are playing in you may need to retune the instrument. To complicate matters, frets are moveable on a sitar, and if you are playing certain scales you will need to move certain frets to play certain notes.
In its contemporary form, the sitar is constructed of wood (teak) mahogany or (tun)), gourd, metal, and bone. The wooden neck is around 35 inches long, 3.5 inches wide, and slightly troughed, terminating at one large resonating chamber made of gourd. It is not uncommon for a second resonating gourd to be attached at the other end of the neck on the dorsal side. On the neck rest about twenty scalloped, movable, metal frets tied by silk or nylon string. Sitars with fixed frets are less popular in present times.
Sitar consist of two layers of strings made of steel, brass, and copper. The bottom layer of approximately 13 steel strings are referred to as taraf (Persian for excitement or joy) and rest on a small one inch long bone bridge, which is a fraction of an inch high. These strings are tuned to the notes of the raag being performed and resonate when the strings on the main (top) bridge are plucked.
The top layer of seven strings, used to create the melody and drone, rest between three bridges on one end of the neck and a main bridge that rests on the gourd section. Two of these three bridges anchor two of the three chikari (drone) strings that serve to extend notes and/or punctuate the rhythm. The remaining five strings lie on a bridge that spans the width of the neck. All seven strings converge, in a parallel manner, on the main bridge that sits on the gourd section. The main bridge is about three inches long, and one inch in both height and width. The bridge's slightly curved shape contributes to the tonal quality of the instrument, including the distinctive buzzing sound. Over time, the melodic strings cut into the bridge and require it to be reshaped. Sometimes two hooks are attached to the frets to lower the height of two bass strings of the instrument so that they do not undermine the playing of jhala or other fast passages. Page 1 of 2. See also:
SPECIAL NOTE - No Warranty on Strings: Whether you purchase an instrument on-line or in a neighborhood store, manufacturers recommend that you change the strings on your instrument as soon as you receive it. Your instrument has completed a long journey to your home. During this time the strings WILL oxidize and this may shorten their life expectancy and may reduce their sound quality. On occasion instruments may arrive with a broken string, therefore, it is recommended that you purchase a replacement set of strings and consider changing your strings as soon as it arrives. Learning to change strings should be the first lesson learned when embarking on the journey of playing a new instrument.
Page 1 Page 2
|
<urn:uuid:f540edd6-028a-4a8d-8ec2-4d0052c29d65>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
http://musicoutfitters.com/ethnic/sitar.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368708142617/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516124222-00041-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.943927 | 880 | 3.546875 | 4 |
Table of Contents
This category contains the Mathematical functions for Calc.
- Returns the absolute value of a number.
- Number is the number whose absolute value is to be calculated. The absolute value of a number is its value without the +/- sign.
=ABS(-56) returns 56.
=ABS(12) returns 12.
=ABS(0) returns 0.
- Rounds a number up to the nearest multiple of Significance.
CEILING(Number; Significance; Mode)
- Number is the number that is to be rounded up.
- Significance is the number to whose multiple the value is to be rounded up.
- Mode is an optional value. If the Mode value is given and not equal to zero, and if Number and Significance are negative,
=CEILING(-11;-2) returns -10
=CEILING(-11;-2;0) returns -10
=CEILING(-11;-2;1) returns -12
- Converts radians into degrees.
- Number is the angle in radians to be converted to degrees.
=DEGREES(PI()) returns 180 degrees.
- Rounds a positive number up to the next even integer and a negative number down to the next even integer.
- Returns Number rounded to the next even integer up, away from zero.
=EVEN(2.3) returns 4.
=EVEN(2) returns 2.
=EVEN(0) returns 0.
=EVEN(-0.5) returns -2.
- Returns e raised to the power of a number. The constant e has a value of approximately 2.71828182845904.
- Number is the power to which e is to be raised.
=EXP(1) returns 2.71828182845904, the mathematical constant e to Calc’s accuracy.
- Returns the factorial of a number.
- Returns Number!, the factorial of Number, calculated as 1*2*3*4* … * Number.
=FACT(0) returns 1 by definition.
- The factorial of a negative number returns the “invalid argument” error.
=FACT(3) returns 6.
=FACT(0) returns 1.
- Returns the greatest common divisor of two or more integers.
- The greatest common divisor is the positive largest integer which will divide, without remainder, each of the given integers.
GCD(Integer1; Integer2; …; Integer30)
- Integer1 To 30 are up to 30 integers whose greatest common divisor is to be calculated.
=GCD(16;32;24) gives the result 8, because 8 is the largest number that can divide 16, 24 and 32 without a remainder.
=GCD(B1:B3) where cells B1, B2, B3 contain 9, 12, 9 gives 3.
- Rounds a number down to the nearest integer.
- Returns Number rounded down to the nearest integer.
- Negative numbers round down to the integer below.
=INT(5.7) returns 5.
=INT(-1.3) returns -2.
- Returns the least common multiple of one or more integers.
LCM(Integer1; Integer2; …; Integer30)
- Integer1 to 30 are up to 30 integers whose lowest common multiple is to be calculated.
If you enter the numbers 512;1024 and 2000 in the Integer 1;2 and 3 text boxes, 128000 will be returned as the result.
- Returns the natural logarithm based on the constant e of a number. The constant e has a value of approximately 2.71828182845904.
- Number is the value whose natural logarithm is to be calculated.
=LN(3) returns the natural logarithm of 3 (approximately 1.0986).
=LN(EXP(321)) returns 321.
- Returns the logarithm of a number to the specified base.
- Number is the value whose logarithm is to be calculated.
- Base (optional) is the base for the logarithm calculation. If omitted, Base 10 is assumed.
=LOG(10;3) returns the logarithm to base 3 of 10 (approximately 2.0959).
=LOG(7^4;7) returns 4.
- Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number.
- Returns the logarithm to base 10 of Number.
=LOG10(5) returns the base-10 logarithm of 5 (approximately 0.69897).
- Returns the remainder when one integer is divided by another.
- For integer arguments this function returns Dividend modulo Divisor, that is the remainder when Dividend is divided by Divisor.
- This function is implemented as Dividend – Divisor * INT(Dividend/Divisor) , and this formula gives the result if the arguments are not integer.
=MOD(22;3) returns 1, the remainder when 22 is divided by 3.
=MOD(11.25;2.5) returns 1.25.
- Returns the factorial of the sum of the arguments divided by the product of the factorials of the arguments.
- Number(s) is a list of up to 30 numbers.
=MULTINOMIAL(F11:H11) returns 1260, if F11 to H11 contain the values 2, 3 and 4. This corresponds to the formula =(2+3+4)! / (2!*3!*4!)
- Rounds a positive number up to the nearest odd integer and a negative number down to the nearest odd integer.
- Returns Number rounded to the next odd integer up, away from zero.
=ODD(1.2) returns 3.
=ODD(1) returns 1.
=ODD(0) returns 1.
=ODD(-3.1) returns -5.
- Returns 3.14159265358979, the value of the mathematical constant PI to 14 decimal places.
=PI() returns 3.14159265358979.
- Returns a number raised to another number.
- Returns Base raised to the power of Exponent.
- The same result may be achieved by using the exponentiation operator ^:
=POWER(4;3) returns 64, which is 4 to the power of 3.
=4^3 also returns 4 to the power of 3.
- Multiplies all the numbers given as arguments and returns the product.
PRODUCT(Number1; Number2; …; Number30)
- Number1 to 30 are up to 30 arguments whose product is to be calculated.
- PRODUCT returns number1 * number2 * number3 * …
=PRODUCT(2;3;4) returns 24.
- Returns a random number between 0 and 1.
- This function produces a new random number each time Calc recalculates. To force Calc to recalculate manually press F9.
- To generate random numbers which never recalculate, copy cells each containing =RAND(), and use Edit – Paste Special (with Paste All and Formulas not marked and Numbers marked).
=RAND() returns a random number between 0 and 1.
- Rounds a number to a certain number of decimal places.
- Returns Number rounded to Count decimal places. If Count is omitted or zero, the function rounds to the nearest integer. If Count is negative, the function rounds to the nearest 10, 100, 1000, etc.
- This function rounds to the nearest number. See ROUNDDOWN and ROUNDUP for alternatives.
=ROUND(2.348;2) returns 2.35
=ROUND(-32.4834;3) returns -32.483. Change the cell format to see all decimals.
=ROUND(2.348;0) returns 2.
=ROUND(2.5) returns 3.
=ROUND(987.65;-2) returns 1000.
- Returns the sign of a number. Returns 1 if the number is positive, -1 if negative and 0 if zero.
- Number is the number whose sign is to be determined.
=SIGN(3.4) returns 1.
=SIGN(-4.5) returns -1.
- Returns the positive square root of a number.
- Returns the positive square root of Number.
- Number must be positive.
=SQRT(16) returns 4.
=SQRT(-16) returns an invalid argument error.
- Returns the square root of (PI times a number).
- Returns the positive square root of (PI multiplied by Number).
- This is equivalent to SQRT(PI()*Number).
=SQRTPI(2) returns the squareroot of (2PI), approximately 2.506628.
- Adds all the numbers in a range of cells.
SUM(Number1; Number2; …; Number30)
- Number 1 to Number 30 are up to 30 arguments whose sum is to be calculated..
If you enter the numbers 2; 3 and 4 in the Number 1; 2 and 3 text boxes, 9 will be returned as the result.
=SUM(A1;A3;B5) calculates the sum of the three cells. =SUM (A1:E10) calculates the sum of all cells in the A1 to E10 cell range.
- Adds the cells specified by a given criteria. This function is used to browse a range when you search for a certain value.
SUMIF(Range; Criteria; SumRange)
- Range is the range to which the criteria are to be applied.
- Criteria is the cell in which the search criterion is shown, or the search criterion itself. If the criteria is written into the formula, it has to be surrounded by double quotes.
- SumRange is the range from which values are summed. If this parameter has not been indicated, the values found in the Range are summed.
To sum up only negative numbers: =SUMIF(A1:A10;”<0″)
=SUMIF(A1:A10;”>0″;B1:10) – sums values from the range B1:B10 only if the corresponding values in the range A1:A10 are >0.
See COUNTIF() for some more syntax examples that can be used with SUMIF().
- If you want to calculate the sum of the squares of numbers (totaling up of the squares of the arguments), enter these into the text fields.
SUMSQ(Number1; Number2; …; Number30)
- Number1 to 30 are up to 30 arguments the sum of whose squares is to be calculated.
If you enter the numbers 2; 3 and 4 in the Number 1; 2 and 3 text boxes, 29 is returned as the result.
|
<urn:uuid:3ab7007b-499b-46ce-905f-d6c0ba593a9a>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://nielitbhu.com/libreoffice-calc-mathematical-functions/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506632.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20230924091344-20230924121344-00296.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.688675 | 2,687 | 4.21875 | 4 |
The Warbler builds a much smaller nest, literally creating the sides of the nest around its own body. The warbler gathers grass and stems, clumping them in to the fork of a tree. Then it sits in the middle of this debris and rotates itself, pushing with chest and feet to develop a cup shape. Once this base is established it will twine grass together to strengthen the nest's structure. The warbler will line the nest with hair from animals or people (it doesn't care which) and finish the edging with spider's silk. The warbler collects the spider threads and, after arriving back at the nest, brushes them off its beak onto the nest's twigs. As the silk adheres to the nest, the warbler draws the threads out and weaves them into the rim of the nest, making it smooth and strong.
Don't have branches, grass, silk or someone else's hair to build with? Then how about your own spit? The Edible-nest Swiftlet makes its nest out of saliva. The male of the species can produce condensed saliva from a special salivary gland in its throat. The extruded spit resembles strands of clear spaghetti. The swiftlet forms the strands into a pseudo-cuplike shape, attaching it to a vertical surface such as a cliff face. The strands harden as they are exposed to the air. They most be glorious to see, glistening on the cliff sides in their hundreds. Unfortunately, these nests are primary ingredients in the Asian delicacy, Bird's Nest Soup. Poachers are no longer waiting for chicks to fledge before they take the nests, thereby driving this species towards extinction.
I'll be turning my attention away from birds tomorrow. I've had the pleasure of seeing our next structure and it's very impressive. Want to try and guess at the next architect? Here's a hint. If humans were to build something similar, we would produce a skyscraper . . . 6 miles high!
Thank you Paul Bolstad from the University of Minnesota for bald eagle nest picture.
|
<urn:uuid:79907120-ab3b-42fb-bec4-713af46eec06>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-39
|
http://thejunglestore.blogspot.com/2008/04/animal-architects-other-birds.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818693459.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20170925220350-20170926000350-00250.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.952139 | 425 | 3.34375 | 3 |
The United Arab Emirates (UAE), commonly known as the Emirates, is a Federal monarchy nation in the Western parts of Asia. The United Arab Emirates is in the southeastern part of Arabian-peninsula of the Gulf of Persian. The United Arab Emirates was formed on December 2, 1971, after all the emirates united under one ruler. Each emirate is governed by a Monarch government, and together these rulers create the federal supreme council. One of the rulers of the seven Emirates is usually elected as the Sultan of the country. The seven emirates which make up the United Arab Emirates include:
The Seven Emirates of the United Arab Emirates
1) Abu Dhabi
Abu Dhabi, which is the capital and the largest emirate in the country, is approximately 26,000 sq mi in size. Abu Dhabi occupies about 87% of the federation’s land. With a population of over 2.3 million as at 2012, Abu Dhabi is the most highly populated emirate in UAE. Abu Dhabi contributes about 60% of the nations GDP and selecting Abu Dhabi as the administrative and political capital back in December 1971, helped navigate the country towards achieving great developments.
Occupying an area of approximately 100 sq miles, Ajman is the smallest emirate in the country in size. Surrounded by Sharjah, the emirate was named after the city of Ajman. Situated on the coast of the Gulf of Persia, Ajman controls two agricultural exclaves known as Masfut and Manama. Over 95% of the population in the Emirates lives in Ajman city which is part of the Dubai-Ajman-Sharjah metropolitan region. Sheikh Humaid is the ruler of Ajman Emirate.
Before the formation of the United Arab Emirates, Dubai was a British protectorate. The capital of this Emirate is Dubai city, and over the last few decades, it has become an international aviation hub and a significant global city. The leader of Dubai is Mohammed bin Rashid. Oman, Ajman, and Ras-al-Khaimah emirates surround Dubai.
Fujairah is on the Wadi Ham, a crucial trade route which has been used for over a century now. Unlike the other Emirates with their coastlines on the Gulf of Persia, Fujairah is the only emirate with its coastline on the Oman Gulf. Sheikh Hamad has been the leader of Fujairah since 1974, and his cabinet is made up of immediate family members.
5) Ras al-Khaimah
Ras al-Khaimah emirate gained their independence from Sharjah in 1909 after the appanage. The name Ras al-Khaimah means "headland of the smaller huts," and it’s attributed to the various structures which existed here. Occupying an area of about 650 sq miles, Ras al-Khaimah is in the northern regions of the Federation. Ras al-Khaimah had a total of 97,529 emiratis as at 2010, and it has two sections; the Nakheel and the old Ras-al-Khaimah.
Occupying an area of about 1000 sq mi, Sharjah had a population of over 1,400,000 as at 2015. Other than the capital, Sharjah has numerous minor towns like Khor Fakkan, Dibba Al-Hisn, and Kalba. Sharjah is under a constitutional monarchy led by Sultan Al-Qasimi who has ruled the emirate since 1972.
7) Umm al-Quwain
Located in the northern region of the country, this is the least populated emirate in the country. Occupying an area of approximately 290 sq mi, Umm al-Quwain had a population of 72,000 as at 2017. Umm al-Quwain has numerous crucial archeological interests with the main findings in Ed-Dur and Tell Abraq suggesting contact with Mesopotamia as early as the 5th millennium BC.
How Many Emirates are there in the United Arab Emirates?
Seven emirates jointly compose the United Arab Emirates.
Your MLA Citation
Your APA Citation
Your Chicago Citation
Your Harvard CitationRemember to italicize the title of this article in your Harvard citation.
|
<urn:uuid:67c01fed-f6f8-4904-8af9-62b3f39ed5df>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-05
|
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/how-many-emirates-are-there-in-the-united-arab-emirates.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251672537.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20200125131641-20200125160641-00484.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.947066 | 881 | 3.03125 | 3 |
"A type of bicycle which breaks down more often than other types."
- The Pedaller's A-Z
Generally, a sport of competition and recreation revolving around the riding of bicycles off-road, i.e. on trails.
These are the three main forms of competition, i.e. The Big Three. Although you may find several others listed at Wikipedia, these are the only disciplines I have ever seen at a sanctioned event (not to say you wouldn't ever find the others at national/regional competitions). For instance, so called endurance events (i.e. 24 hour races) are souped up versions of XC competition.
Cross Country (XC)
These races take place on a varied terrain circuit. Which is to say, courses generally consist of a 5 to 8 mile loop which is repeated a number of times. Most races are somewhere between 20 and 40 miles. Please note that cross country mountain biking is the only discipline present in Olympic competition. When most people think of a mountain bike, they are thinking of a cross country mountain bike.
Pretty much a downhill time-trial. Downhill racing is not for the faint of heart. When was the last time you flew past trees less than a foot away at over 50 mph? The bikes used in downhill racing are completely different beasts than those used in cross country racing and are usually well over 30 lbs in weight.
Dual Slalom (DS)
My favorite discipline. A dual slalom course consists of two identical, man-made, downhill, BMX style tracks with berms and jumps. Most races are over in less than 30 seconds. The bikes used in DS competition are somewhat toned back downhill bikes, i.e. they are lighter and don't have as much travel up front in the shocks (although you could probably do fine with either style of bike). I personally ride my XC hardtail with the seat lowered all the way down when I am competing in a dual slalom race.
These are the two major groups of recreational riders. It is important to note that there is a fair degree of overlap between these two groups. Additionally, many racers may ride alternative disciplines recreationally.
Cross Country / Fitness
Consists of trail riding. If any of you noders out there have never gone mountain biking, or are looking for a great way to stay in shape, I recommend cross country trail riding. While many trails are extremely difficult technically (rocks, roots, cliffs...), there are also many easy cross country trails, which require almost no technical ability.
Free / Street Riding
Involves riding your bike off of high drop-offs and hoping that nothing breaks... again...
Roots of the Sport
The origin of the sport of mountain biking is a testy issue for some riders, as there are several opinions on the true roots of the sport. What follows is a brief rundown of some of the highlights of the sport's early history.
Buffalo Soldiers Bicycle Corps
In August 1896, the Buffalo Soldiers rode from Missoula, Montana to Yellowstone and back--a trip through over 800 miles of wilderness. The goal of the expedition was to test the bicycle for use in transporting gear over mountainous terrain.
Velo Cross Club Parisien (VCCP)
The French Velo Cross Club Parisien (VCCP) was comprised of about twenty young bicyclists from the outskirts of Paris who between 1951 and 1956 developed a sport that was remarkably akin to present-day mountain biking. Their Velo Cross sport had little to do with skinny-tire cyclo-cross racing of the day, and although they did not use mountain biking’s highly inspirational balloon tire, the spirit, purpose, and passion of mountain biking were there.
- MTB Hall of Fame
John Finley Scott
A mountain biker in a world without mountain bikes. He built his own bike known as a "Woodsie" in 1953 and rode the trails on his own. The "Woodsie" featured a Schwinn World Diamond frame, balloon tires, flat handle bars, derailleur gears, and cantilever brakes.
The Cupertino Riders
This is where the modern sport of mountain biking began, in the early 1970's with the creation of the Morrow Dirt Club of Cupertino, California (75 miles north of Marin). While others had "mountain-biked" per se, these guys created a sport that did not die off and survives continuously through to this day (the others mentioned in this roots section represent isolated occurences, not the birth of a sport). The Cupertino Riders modified there bikes by grafting thumbshift operated derailleurs and motorcycle-lever operated drum brakes. In 1974, the Morrow Dirt Club made an appearence at the Marin County cyclocross race. People noticed that they were different, that they rode different bikes, rode with a different attitude.
At the same time, on an old dirt road west of Fairfax (Marin County) guys would haul their klunkers (i.e. heavy and heavily modified bikes) up "to the top of the ridge for the downhill thrill." The road drops 1300 feet in less than 2.1 miles. It has been described as a "twisting, ...precipitous descent." This fire road was called Repack, Repack Road:
...the hub coaster brakes would get so hot that the grease would vaporize. After a run or two the hub had to be repacked with grease, hence the name of the road.
- MTB Hall of Fame
These guys invented nothing short of downhill mountain biking. And when boys of the Morrow Dirt Club paid a visit to Repack in the mid 1970's, their technology once again, left an impression. This time however, one of the Marin County locals took notes. His name was Gary Fisher.
I could go into the early politics of the sport. Disagreements between NORBA and USCF, and ownership bullsh*t, but that stuff is boring. Go read about it somwhere else. All I know is this, almost twenty years to the day after the first DH competition at Repack, XC mountain biking was included in the 1996 Olympic games in Atlanta.
I myself ride mountain bikes for the Mizzou Cyling Team. I love mountain biking. The only thing I don't love is when people haven't ridden the trails in awhile, and spiders have taken over. Now get off your lazy ass and go ride the trails... and get rid of all those spiders for me.
|
<urn:uuid:763b39c0-6353-4a1f-8038-248062062fe7>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-34
|
https://everything2.com/title/mountain+biking
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886105086.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20170818175604-20170818195604-00568.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.963195 | 1,353 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Black-bodied Woodpecker (Dryocopus schulzi) - HBW 7, p. 526
French: Pic lucifer
Spanish: Picamaderos Chaqueño
Other common names: White-shouldered Woodpecker (“shiptoni”); Chaco Woodpecker (“major”)
Taxonomy: Phloeotomus Schulzi Cabanis, 1883, Tucumán, Argentina.
Forms a superspecies with D. pileatus and D. lineatus. Hybridizes with latter. Forms described as “D. shiptoni” and “D. major” are only variants or colour morphs. White scapular line more prevalent among N birds, and S birds average minimally smaller than others, but differences insufficient to justify subspecific separation. Monotypic.
Distribution: S Bolivia (Santa Cruz, Tarija), C Paraguay and S to NC Argentina (S to Córdoba and San Luis).
- Near Threatened Enlarge map
Female, in three quebrachos forest Locality Gregoria Pérez de Denis, Santa Fe Province, Argentina
Martin Manassero 27 September 2012 1 year ago 1 min 7 sec 4.1
A male preening on a branch. Locality Capilla del Monte, Córdoba Province, Argentina (Monotypic species)
hectorslongo 10 November 2008 1 year ago 28 sec 3.3
|
<urn:uuid:b9e1a2e8-4f27-48cf-bed7-53a0358210cf>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-35
|
http://ibc.lynxeds.com/species/black-bodied-woodpecker-dryocopus-schulzi
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500835699.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021355-00264-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.775574 | 311 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Evaluating all of the different types of compressors and which is right for you can seem like a daunting task. Today, I’d like to take some time to talk about the Double-Acting Reciprocating type of air compressor.
Double-Acting Reciprocating compressors are a subset of the larger family of positive displacement compressor types. In positive displacement compressors, air is drawn into a chamber where the volume is then mechanically reduced. The energy used to displace the air volume is converted to an increase in air pressure. Dynamic compressors operate a little differently. They utilize an increase in air velocity to create the change in pressure. Air is accelerated to a high velocity through an impeller. The kinetic energy of the air is converted to an increase in potential (pressure) energy.
The Double-Acting Reciprocating compressor is a close relative to the Single-Acting Reciprocating compressor. In these types of compressors, an “automotive-type” piston driven by a crankshaft provides the compression. In a Double-Acting Reciprocating compressor, air is compressed as the piston moves in each direction. Hence the name, “double-acting”. In a Single-Acting Reciprocating compressor, air is only compressed on each full revolution of the piston. This makes the Double-Acting Reciprocating compressor much more efficient than its brethren.
Double-Acting Reciprocating compressors are also available in much larger sizes. While Single-Acting compressors can be found up to 150HP, generally they’re much less common any larger than 25HP. Whereas a Double-Acting compressor is available from 10HP-1,000HP, making it a better choice for larger plants that require a significantly greater volume of compressed air. While they’re a bit more expensive due to the added mechanisms to produce the double-action compression, this cost is quickly offset by the increase in efficiency. At a performance of 15-16 kW/100 cfm, they’re 32% more efficient than a single-acting reciprocating compressor.
If you’re in the market for a new compressor and are struggling to determine the most suitable compressor, talk with your local compressor sales representative. Once you’re up an running, EXAIR has a wide-range of products that’ll make sure you’re using your compressed air safely and efficiently!
Image courtesy of Best Practices for Compressed Air Systems – second edition
|
<urn:uuid:59f0cd2f-eca9-4797-bc16-7108ea431253>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-14
|
https://blog.exair.com/2019/01/21/intelligent-compressed-air-double-acting-reciprocating-compressor/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945182.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20230323163125-20230323193125-00237.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.910154 | 554 | 2.703125 | 3 |
(born c. 410, Thebesdied 362 BC, Mantineia) Theban statesman, tactician, and leader. He defeated the Spartans at Leuctra in 371, using a new strategy that attacked the opponent's strongest point first with overwhelming power, and made Thebes the most powerful state in Greece. He led four more successful expeditions into the Peloponnese. In 370–369 he freed the Messenian helots from Spartan enslavement. In 362, at the head of a large allied force, he defeated Sparta, Athens, and their allies at Mantineia, but he was mortally wounded.
|
<urn:uuid:6e0ff75c-3a6c-4105-8c18-ba7e2a111083>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-10
|
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/epaminondas
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394011076681/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305091756-00068-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.979317 | 134 | 2.875 | 3 |
In the classroom lab, students are presented with a variety of aquatic invasive species that might threaten our lakes and waters. They are able to handle and compare various native and invasive plants and animals. Once at the lake, students “key” various plants from an assortment of aquatic plants and “rake” unknown plants to classify on-site. “Stars” are awarded for correctly identifying plants to add a fun competitive component.
Outdoor Field Experience
|
<urn:uuid:5ff2e85a-ebb2-474f-b764-b570f5450b32>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-29
|
https://friendsofeauclairelakesarea.com/leep-aquatic-plants-and-aquatic-invasive-species-module/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657129517.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20200712015556-20200712045556-00576.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.943934 | 94 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Whether type 1 or type 2, young or old, all people with diabetes have one thing in common: their blood-glucose meter.
“Your meter travels everywhere with you, extending your health and well-being with each use. You literally trust it with your life—a bond between human and machine rarely equaled,” says diabetes educator Jane Seley, RN, CDE. She adds that the blood-glucose meter is the “single most important thing” in the life of a person with diabetes, both type 1 and type 2.
When looking for the right meter, it’s always important to focus on the essentials:
- Smaller blood samples
- Possibility of using alternate-site testing
However, because a meter is just as individual as the person who uses it, you’ll also want to take factors such as these into consideration:
- The hematocrit range of the meter
- Whether the meter is calibrated for whole-blood or plasma-equivalent results
- Whether the meter allows you to download and manage data that can be sent to your healthcare practitioner
Cindy Onufer, RN, MA, CDE, a diabetes nurse specialist and DIABETES HEALTH’s clinical adviser, says it’s important for the person with diabetes and his or her healthcare provider to discuss all of these factors before choosing a meter.
(On pages 39-41 of this issue, you’ll find a current summary of features for a variety of widely used meters.)
The term “hematocrit” refers to the percentage of red blood cells in a person’s blood. Jean Betschart Roemer, RN, CDE, of Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, explains that if a meter’s accuracy depends on a normal hematocrit, a person who is anemic or very dehydrated could get gross errors in blood-glucose tests. “These conditions could cause the hematocrit to be abnormal,” says Roemer.
Onufer cautions that individuals with anemia (low hematocrit) or a chronic lung disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (high hematocrit) should not use a meter that depends on a normal hematocrit level. “For example, patients with kidney disease and on dialysis often have anemia, as do many transplant patients.”
Onufer adds that people who have any conditions that affect their red blood count should check with their healthcare team for laboratory results to determine whether their blood-glucose meter system can give accurate results for them.
Calibrated for Plasma or Whole-Blood Readings
Because the two types of calibration systems—plasma and whole blood—differ by approximately 10 percent, it is important to know how to use the results, especially if you are using two meters that are calibrated differently, Roemer explains.
Whole-blood-calibrated meters do give results that are 10 to 12 percent lower than tests from the plasma-calibrated meters, Onufer agrees. This is true even though both systems are measuring glucose in whole-blood samples. The plasma-calibrated systems convert the results to plasma-equivalent values, which are like laboratory results.
Onufer prefers to have one standard of measurement, noting that it is easier for patients and the entire healthcare team to track goals when the plasma-equivalent values are the standard. “Then all self-tests correlate to lab tests. It’s less confusing for patients.”
Her wish is that some day all meters will be calibrated to perform their whole-blood tests to give plasma-equivalent results.
A Memory/Data Management Feature
Onufer ranks this feature very high on her list of priorities. She understands that not all people with diabetes want or need to have software at home to download and analyze their blood-glucose data. However, “all healthcare teams specializing in diabetes care should be able to download every patient’s meter data and work with the patient to understand patterns and make action plans as needed.”
Roemer adds that a date/time memory is also important for anyone who takes insulin. The ability to check past readings can help in calculating carbohydrate-to-insulin ratios, in fine-tuning dosages and averting errors, and in identifying problem patterns.
Onufer notes that the amount of blood required for testing has decreased so dramatically in the last two years that most meters using the newer electrochemical technology require only a 0.3- to 4-microliter blood sample.
“That’s a big change from the 10-microliter samples needed by the reflectance meters,” says Onufer. “From a CDE’s perspective, whatever increases ease and comfort for people with diabetes so they will monitor more frequently is a good thing.”
Onufer stresses that the only way to be successful with pattern management and to reach A1C targets is to check blood-glucose levels more often. She believes that easier-to-use meters with smaller sample sizes have helped a lot in this regard.
“People seem to really like the smaller, tiny systems unless the LCD read-out of results is too small for their vision,” says Onufer. “They seem to want smaller carrying cases with the meters also. Portability is the key for more frequent monitoring. The tools should help people fit diabetes self-care into their active lives.”
|
<urn:uuid:db8454d7-dc90-4872-90d5-f85fc4e572ae>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-43
|
https://www.diabeteshealth.com/its-not-just-about-quick-readings-and-smaller-sample-sizes-anymore/?isComment=1
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187823260.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20171019084246-20171019104246-00885.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.932166 | 1,169 | 3 | 3 |
To make a tube set up powerful oscillations then, it is only necessary that an oscillation circuit shall be provided which will feed part of the oscillations set up by the tube back to the grid circuit and when this is done the oscillations will keep on being amplified until the tube reaches the limit of its output.
The Operation of C. W. Telegraph Transmitters With Direct Current--Short Distance C. W. Transmitter.--In the transmitter shown in the wiring diagram in Fig. 76 the positive part of the 110 volt direct current is carried down from the lamp socket through one side of the panel cut-out, thence through the choke coil and to the plate of the oscillator tube, when the latter is charged to the positive sign. The negative part of the 110 volt direct current then flows down the other wire to the filament so that there is a difference of potential between the plate and the filament of 110 volts. Now when the 6-volt battery current is switched on the filament is heated to brilliancy, and the electrons thrown off by it form a conducting path between it and the plate; the 110 volt current then flows from the latter to the former.
|
<urn:uuid:f4eb7185-4f23-403e-a412-4c796921da50>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://hackernoon.com/dissecting-vacuum-tube-transmitters
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510427.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20230928162907-20230928192907-00681.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.913753 | 238 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Changes and Reactions: Hunting and Gathering by Agriculturalist in the Woodland Period
Author(s): James Enloe
This is an abstract from the "Archaeology on the Edge(s): Transitions, Boundaries, Changes, and Causes" session, at the 84th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology.
In the midcontinent of North America, the transition from the Archaic to the Woodland Period is generally signaled in the archaeological record by the presence of ceramics and the adoption of agriculture, particularly of low yield indigenous plants including barley grass, goosefoot, sunflower, and squash during the Early and Middle Woodland. In contrast, stable isotope analyses from Late Woodland sites indicates a major increase in proportion of maize in the diet. New strains of maize were introduced with much greater productivity, changing the dependence on agriculture from a minor role at 15 to 20% to a major role at 50 to 75% of the calories in the diet. This enormous increase in the agricultural productivity resulted in an explosion of population and a substantial expansion of the number of sites, particularly with increases in smaller secondary river valleys and uplands. Part of the increase is sites includes greater use of rockshelters. Analyses of ceramic, lithic, faunal and spatial data from Woodpecker Cave will investigate the role of seasonal hunting sites within the context of greater agricultural dependence.
Cite this Record
Changes and Reactions: Hunting and Gathering by Agriculturalist in the Woodland Period. James Enloe. Presented at The 84th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Albuquerque, NM. 2019 ( tDAR id: 450486)
This Resource is Part of the Following Collections
min long: -103.975; min lat: 36.598 ; max long: -80.42; max lat: 48.922 ;
Abstract Id(s): 23179
|
<urn:uuid:70abd7ed-0007-44ac-b395-4f79e41c0259>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-29
|
https://core.tdar.org/document/450486/changes-and-reactions-hunting-and-gathering-by-agriculturalist-in-the-woodland-period
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655889877.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20200705215728-20200706005728-00580.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.90203 | 390 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Miller. Smith. Webster. Some of the most popular surnames found in different European languages and across Europe date back to the Middle Ages or even earlier. At that time, a person’s job was such an important characteristic that it became literally a civic identity. Today, our jobs do not define anymore our surnames, but they often are still a major part of our identities. And when meeting someone new, one of the first things we ask is: “What do you do for a living?”.
More than 5 million people in the EU do not have an answer to this question. Merely labelled as "long-term unemployed" in statistical terms, they have been looking for a job for more than a year. Many of them have lost an essential part of their identity in a downward spiral of desperation, fear and anger because the longer they stay outside the labour market, the more they become invisible in their local communities. Although all Member States are confronted with long-term unemployment, there has been no European initiative to combat it since a 2016 Council Recommendation.
The situation has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and it is likely to further worsen as the digital and green transitions disrupt our traditional labour markets. An important element of the social cohesion of our communities is at stake. How can we give back hope and life prospects to the "faceless 5 million"?
Stopping the downward spiral
Making sure that everyone has a decent job has always been a major political battle of the socialist family and is firmly anchored in the principles of the European Pillar of Social Rights.
As Socialists, we call for prompt action at European level and a paradigm shift that puts people back at the very centre of political action. Dutch Socialist MEP Agnes Jongerius, who is coordinating the work of the S&D Group in the European Parliament's Employment Committee, rightly emphasises: “It is not that people are too far away from the labour market, but the other way round: the labour market is too distant from people”. This also means that there is no 'one-size-fits all recipe' to effectively tackle long-term unemployment. We need to look at the local context which, at the same time, can best benefit from high-quality employment of the many.
Cities, the true laboratories of sustainable job creation
Here the role of cities, which have the most direct link with citizens, comes into play in the unfolding drama of long-term unemployment. By promoting innovative projects targeted to specific local contexts, local authorities can bring back to work the long-term unemployed. There are many inspiring initiatives already experimented in progressive cities that clearly prove their effectiveness in helping those who, despite their efforts, are unable to find employment. “These persons are often in a complex situation because, being deprived by your job means also being deprived by social links, and they were cut off from the world and somehow made invisible”, underlines Afaf Gabelotaud, Deputy Mayor of Paris in charge of employment.
It is about coming towards people and about taking a collective responsibility for the problem. “No one is unemployable. Everyone can have a job. We need to look at the competences of people. Everyone has skills and these skills can be used to the benefit of people who have them and of their community”, argues Yonnec Polet, Deputy Mayor of Berchem-Sainte-Agathe (Brussels), and who is leading the debate in the European Committee of the Regions on the topic. “At the local level, social actors can best identify unmet social or environmental needs. People who are long-term unemployed are then encouraged to take part on a voluntary basis in projects set up to address those needs and they are paid at least the minimum wage.”
The zero long term unemployment zones he refers to are tested out both in big progressive cities such as Paris and Brussels or regions such as Wallonia, but also in tiny towns like Gramatneusiedl in Austria. They are great examples of bringing back people to work by creating socially valuable jobs where the market will not, by reallocating public resources usually spent on unemployment benefits and by providing for a personalised approach to labour reintegration.
Did you miss our study visit to 13Avenir @TZCLD13, a company in the zero long-term unemployed zones project?
Check out our video on how these zones are giving back jobs to people and reinforcing local communities 🤝@ZeroChomeurLD @LGRANDGUILLAUME @afafgabelotaud @jerome_coumet pic.twitter.com/WGXCYQKuql
— PES 🌹🇪🇺 (@PES_PSE) March 1, 2023
In a similar way, the State of Berlin has created the solidary basic income, a labour market programme funding over 1,000 jobs in the period 2019-2025 for people who have been unemployed from 1 to 3 years. Jobs are provided in eleven predefined areas and intend to serve the wellbeing of society and the public interest. It has the same objective of double solidarity: the unemployed receive the state minimum wage and the inhabitants of the city benefit from improved services.
If becoming unemployed often results in losing part of one's civic identity, these local projects succeed in enabling people with very diverse profiles like Klaus Meier, now working as a social taxi guide, and Nada Iraki, now a daycare centre assistant, to regain their place in their local communities.
Making the European Social Pillar work
“Employment deprivation costs more than creating additional jobs”, argues Yonnec Polet, in his opinion on "Zero long-term unemployment: the local and regional perspective", adopted at this week's European Committee of the Regions plenary session. “Local and regional authorities should therefore be empowered to put in place similar schemes based on the key principles of the "zero long-term unemployment areas" by redirecting the cost of unemployment towards the creation of decent jobs”, he emphasises. “This is why we call on the European Commission to set up an ad hoc fund to combat long-term unemployment, modelling it on the Youth Employment Initiative, initially a major PES request, and providing at least EUR 750 million in funding over five years”.
His call for prompt action is particularly important for the so-called NEETS (that is, young people not in employment, education or training) and 22% of whom are currently long-term unemployed.
Progressives at all levels of government will continue to defend the right for a decent job and thus strengthen our local communities. A true social Europe is a Europe that lets no one sink into the vertiginous spiral of long-term unemployment. The ingredients for success are social cohesion, economic solidarity, local democracy and effective public policies. The PES Social Summit, taking place tomorrow in Porto, will be the next occasion to put the Social Pillar in motion.
|
<urn:uuid:273ee90e-e27d-4f09-83ca-17fcbf08b762>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://pes.cor.europa.eu/article/no-one-unemployable-giving-people-chance-regain-their-place-local-communities
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511002.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002164819-20231002194819-00066.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.953539 | 1,451 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Anki Dropbox Tutorial
Anki Tutorial 1: How To Install and Set Up Anki, AnkiWeb, and Dropbox (Mac)
Note 8/18/2022: This is an older blog post containing information about using the Anki software to create flashcards for language learning.
Fluent Forever now offers a proprietary app that automates flashcard creation, letting you concentrate on your learning progress. Check out the 13 languages available in the app, and download it here to start your journey to fluency.
With the advent of Anki 2.0, this tutorial is (thankfully) obsolete! Anki2 handles media on its own servers, so you don’t need to worry about synchronizing your pictures and audio with dropbox. I’m leaving this tutorial here for anyone who prefers using Anki 1. (The update fixed a lot of things but changed a lot of behavior. If you’re just starting out, don’t worry about it. Go get Anki 2.)
This shows you the whole installation and setup process to get Anki syncing across multiple devices. If you’re just using one computer, skip this step! I’ll get a PC version done as soon as possible, though PC users should be able to follow the Mac version without many changes.
To help you speed up vocabulary building, I highly recommend you check out these 11 pro tips for the fastest way to learn a language. Keep at it![shareaholic app="share_buttons" id="28313910"]
Enjoy what you're reading?
Sign up for more
|
<urn:uuid:5ccbeb15-8e6f-4129-8c14-5ec49d683a90>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-23
|
https://blog.fluent-forever.com/anki-dropbox-tutorial/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224652161.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20230605185809-20230605215809-00136.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.863653 | 334 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Today is Yom Hashoah, Israel's day of commemoration of the Holocaust. From the perspectives of the archives, this is the day to be visiting the online efforts of Yad Vashem. Foremost among them, in its extent and significance, is the Central Database of Shoah Victims, a work in progress in which literally thousands of hours of labor have been invested. The database contains millions of searchable documents: Nazi deportation lists, post-war Soviet lists of victims, Pages of Testimony submitted to Yad Vashem by survivors since the 1950s, and many other types of records. It's a multi-lingual database, which recognizes all the data in a variety of languages, so that a search in English will identify and present results irrespective of the language of the documents themselves.
Some of the victims appear on more than one document; the database is pretty good at finding them even if they are recorded in different languages or even different names (Dora and Dvora, say). This ability, however, makes it hard to know how many specific individuals are in there. The cautious assumption at Yad Vashem is that they have records about more than four of the six million who were murdered; they also assume, however, that perhaps a million of Europe's Jews in the Shoah left no record, no surviving family... no trace.
If you've never used the database, and have no family names to seek, it's still possible to gain an impression of the enormity of the Shoah simply by searching for some small township in a remote corner of Europe. There are 837 records for the tiny town of Sapanta, for example, which you've never even heard of: but the Nazis had, and they made sure to murder all its Jews.
|
<urn:uuid:3651e6f0-6120-4759-9339-12d4f345b5f2>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-34
|
http://israelsdocuments.blogspot.com/2013/04/yom-hashoah-central-database-of-shoah.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886107487.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20170821022354-20170821042354-00667.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.969913 | 359 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Increase learning capacity
Learning capacity refers to the way that individuals (and organisations as groups of individuals) are able to recognise, absorb and use knowledge. It matters because it is the basis of improving operational efficiency, stimulating innovation and increasing organisational agility. Knowledge is both the input and output of learning so the knowledge that flows around an organisation stimulates, provides the material for, and transfers the benefits of learning. Therefore, increasing learning capacity means both increasing knowledge flows and getting better at the process of learning itself.
As part of improving the process of learning in the organisation, it is important to “join up” different functional strategies and priorities associated with different aspects of learning. Initiatives to improve individual or organisational learning can be “joined up” by thinking about the nature of the knowledge involved and the extent to which the learner needs to be passively or actively involved.
Knowledge Works includes detailed guidance in relation to three approaches that both improve knowledge flows and create opportunities to build learning capacity. Communities of practice allow those interested in a particular field or topic to share their knowledge and experience with likeminded colleagues, while external learning-based collaborative partnerships provide access to new sources of knowledge and different perspectives on issues. Electronic Record and Document Management Systems (EDRMS) provide a means of managing information efficiently, but can also be the basis for connecting people so that unstructured knowledge can also be shared, giving context and meaning to a situation.
The Henley KM Forum created a maturity model to help organisations bring a knowledge perspective to EDRMS, thereby getting more value from the investment in the technology. You can download an electronic copy of the maturity model here to assess your organisation. Knowledge Works explains how to use this to stimulate peer learning across the organisation and to gradually build organisational capability.
Communication is one of the maturity model factors, so we developed a “Highway Code” metaphor offering hints and tips on using the EDRMS. You can download an electronic copy of this here.
Issues 7,11,12 and 19 of the Henley KM Forum Knowledge in Action series summarise the approaches to increasing learning capacity that have been included in Knowledge Works.
Issue 7 Issue 11
Issue 12 Issue 19
You can click through to register and download these here.
Learning to Fly by Chris Collison and Geoff Parcell
No More Consultants, by Geoff Parcell and Chris Collison
Cultivating Communities of Practice, by Etienne Wenger, Richard McDermott and William M. Snyder
|
<urn:uuid:a215a36f-f8ed-4cc9-93ae-abfb5baaa6ef>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-23
|
http://knowledgeworkshandbook.com/Learning_Capacity.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1405997892557.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025812-00061-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.922087 | 513 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Soweto-born graphic designer Siya Masuku has designed a lively illustrated alphabet book to help children learn isiZulu at primary level. Each letter has an original artwork around it and all are full of movement and life.
A conversation with his mother, a long-time teacher at Emseni Primary School, sparked the idea for the book.
“We spoke about the shortage of books at her school. Even more concerning for her was the lack of books written in the children’s mother tongues,” explains Siya. “I had illustrated, as a personal project, some animals at the time. Using them to make a picture book with the aim of teaching a language sounded interesting and proved to be a challenge worth pursuing.”
The artist cites his inspirations as wide-ranging, “My childhood influences. A blind good luck to be born without a physical disability. The advantages I’ve received from family and friends. The formal and informal schooling that I’ve been fortunate to have. I also draw inspiration from what I write,” he explains.
Check out some of the artist’s illustrations below and find more of his work over here.
|
<urn:uuid:ec01559f-80a6-449b-a30a-bf4e8c76fec4>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-29
|
http://10and5.com/2017/03/09/learn-the-isizulu-alphabet-through-these-lively-lino-prints-by-siya-masuku/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657143354.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20200713064946-20200713094946-00000.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.981646 | 249 | 2.546875 | 3 |
The University of Redlands will hold a screening of the documentary "Sun Kissed" at 7 p.m. May 8 at Gregory Hall 161. The film documents a Navajo family caring for their daughter with the rare genetic disorder called Xeroderma Pigmentosum, or XP.
Those affected with the disease develop burns and blisters from minimal sun exposure and are at a higher risk of developing skin cancer. It also has neurological implications and those children who have it are left developmentally delayed. This genetic disorder seems to affect Navajo children at a higher rate than the general population.
The documentary, which was a 2012 Los Angeles Film Festival Official Selection, was filmed by Maya Stark and Adi Lavy over a period of three years. Delving into some painful parts of Navajo history, it follows two parents, Yolanda and Dorey Nez, as they confront tribal taboos. Ultimately they are led to the truth that their children and other Navajo children are still paying the price of the American conquest of their tribe in 1860, a chapter in American history known as the Navajo “Long Walk.”
Following the screening there will be a discussion led by Dr. Lisa Olson, associate professor of biology and San Manuel Band of Mission Indians Endowed Chair of Native American Studies, Dr. Larry Gross. They will be accompanied by a few students from Olson’s medical genetics course.
“One of the goals of my medical genetics May term course is to understand the impact of genetic disease on not just the patient, but also the family and the community,” Olson said. “This film explores the connection between genetics and the history and culture of the Navajo people, and I’m looking forward to an interdisciplinary discussion after the film with experts in both fields as well as members of the audience”.
There is no cost to attend. For more information on this event please contact Dr. Lisa Olson at [email protected] or call 909-748-8524.
|
<urn:uuid:d5658c8b-2df3-4354-882b-d08774f438ac>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-48
|
http://www.redlands.edu/journalists/15925.aspx
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164452243/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204134052-00039-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.962726 | 413 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Many people report feeling foggy-headed after consuming dairy products. But is there any scientific evidence to support this claim?
A study published in the journal Nutritional Neuroscience suggests that dairy may indeed play a role in causing brain fog. The study found that consuming milk, cheese and yogurt was associated with poorer cognitive function, including reduced working memory and verbal fluency.
The authors note that the link between dairy and brain fog needs further research, but suggest that people who experience symptoms of brain fog after eating dairy products may want to try eliminating them from their diet.
|
<urn:uuid:8d0fb680-9d62-4df6-84fd-cdb54a7224ba>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://www.themilkcleanse.com/blogs/reference-guide/can-dairy-cause-brain-fog
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510734.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20231001005750-20231001035750-00235.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.970086 | 113 | 2.859375 | 3 |
For those of us that started out using Autocad and then switched to Revit, you may be having a bit of a time finding the Fillet command. The command does exist in Revit, but how you get to it is a bit unexpected.
Let's say you have two walls or lines that you want to apply a fillet to with a radius of 5'...common sense may tell us that it should be on the modify tab, but sadly we would be mistaken. To access the fillet arc command (as it is called in Revit) you need to start either the wall or line tool to gain access to this feature.
When you are using the fillet arc tool on a wall, make sure that you are using the same element type as you are going to be applying the fillet to. The easiest way to insure this is to select one of the walls (or lines), right click, Create Similar. This will bring up the Wall Context Tab.
On the Wall Context Tab, set your preferences on the options bar (justification doesn't matter since it will center the arc wall on the two connecting walls).
You can specify a radius beforehand by placing a check mark in the radius box and then specifying the radius value...otherwise pick one wall then the other and drag to create the radius.
If you need to modify the radius you can do so by selecting the temporary dimension and specifying a new value.
|
<urn:uuid:21640d81-5e96-4175-85e6-2dc9872e69bd>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-10
|
http://blogs.rand.com/support/2013/01/revit-fillet-wall-or-line.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1393999673608/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305060753-00046-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.884803 | 294 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Until very recently, Chinese numismatists were aware that the coins of the Western Xia had inscriptions written in the native Tangut script (xi xia wen 西夏文) or one of the calligraphic styles of Chinese with the notable exception of Seal script.
It was therefore considered a major discovery in 1984 when a cache of coins was unearthed in Ningxia (宁夏) that included a Western Xia coin written in Seal script (纂书). The coin was a guang ding yuan bao (光定元宝) cast during the reign (1211-1223) of Emperor Shenzong (李遵頊).
This coin has a diameter of 25.3 mm, a thickness of 1.4 mm and a weight of 4.3 grams.
A second specimen was unearthed in 2002 in Shaanxi (陕西省), and then a third specimen was dug up in Inner Mongolia (内蒙古自治区). With additional excavations in the area of Tongxin County (同心县) in Ningxia, there are now more than 10 authentic specimens of guang ding yuan bao written in Seal script known to exist.
It was believed that these guang ding yuan bao coins cast towards the very end of the dynasty were the only Western Xia coins produced with a Seal script inscription.
In 2012, however, a farmer digging in a field in Tongxin County, Ningxia uncovered a cache of Western Xia coins that included a different coin written in Seal script. The inscription was qian you yuan bao (乾祐元宝) which indicates that the coin was cast during the reign (1170 – 1193) of Emperor Renzong (李仁孝).
Coin catalogues through the centuries had documented this coin being cast in Regular or Running scripts but not in Seal script.
This newly discovered coin, shown at the left, is the only qian you yuan bao written in Seal script known to exist according to an article written by Dr. Zhu Hu (朱浒) of the Art Research Institute of East China Normal University (华东师范大学艺术研究所) published earlier this year in “China Numismatics” (2016年1期).
The inscription (乾祐元宝) written in Seal script is read in a clockwise rotation starting at the top.
The coin has a diameter of 25.4 mm, a thickness of 1.5 mm and a weight of 3.3 grams.
The inscription can be seen in greater detail in the rubbing of the coin shown at the left.
The Seal script you (祐) character, at the right of the square hole, is in the same style as the you found on inscriptions from coins cast during the Northern Song dynasty (北宋 960-1126) such as jing you yuan bao (景祐元宝 1034-1038), jia you yuan bao (嘉祐元宝 1056-1063), and yuan you tong bao (元祐通宝 1086-1093).
The Seal script yuan (元) character, located below the square hole, is very similar to the yuan found on the Northern Song xuan he yuan bao (宣和元宝 1119-1125) coins.
It is clear that the Seal script inscription on the newly discovered qian you yuan bao was greatly influenced by the style of the Northern Song coins.
As mentioned above, the qian you yuan bao was the second type of Western Xia coinage found to have been cast in Seal script in addition to the more common Regular and Running script varieties.
A few differences can be seen in comparing these two Seal script coins.
An image of an authentic guang ding yuan bao in Seal script may be seen at this Chinese website, but for our purposes we can look at the rubbing at the left.
The yuan (元) character of the guang ding yuan bao has more “twists and turns” while that of the qian you yuan bao is more “dignified”. Also, the last stroke of the yuan character of the guang ding yuan bao touches the rim which is not the case with the yuan on the qian you yuan bao.
The “crown” of the bao (宝) character of the guang ding yuan bao is more “square” while that of the qian you yuan bao is more “round”.
These characteristics are also found on the Seal script coins of the Song.
Dr. Zhu advances a theory as to why Seal script inscriptions only appeared on Western Xia coins toward the end of the dynasty. When the dynasty was established in 1038, the Tangut people (党项族) discarded the Chinese written language and rejected Chinese clothing in an effort to restore their original national character. They created their own writing system known as Tangut and the first coins had inscriptions written only in Tangut.
By the time of Emperor Ren Zong’s Qian You reign (1139 – 1193), however, there was political stability, economic prosperity, and less warfare. The Emperor attached importance to education and the establishment of schools including an Imperial Academy. He established an imperial examination system similar to that of the Chinese. There was also greater respect for Confucianism and the culture of the Song. This period was considered to be the heyday of Western Xia rule.
The first Western Xia coinage had inscriptions only in Tangut but the Song dynasty custom of casting “Matched Coins” (dui qian 对钱), where two or more different calligraphy styles were used on coins of the same period title, continued during the Western Xia. These styles included Official script (Li Shu 隶书), Regular script (Zhen Shu 真书), Running script (Xing Shu 行书), and Grass script (Cao Shu 草书).
With the recent discoveries of the qian you yuan bao and guang ding yuan bao coins, the Seal script (Zhuan Shu 纂书) has now been added to the calligraphic styles used to form the “Matched Coins” of the Western Xia.
Discovery of a new Chinese coin variety is a rare occurrence nowadays so the Seal script qian you yuan bao caused great excitement among collectors. The discovery also means that the qian you yuan bao is the only Western Xia coin known to exist in three calligraphic varieties, namely Regular, Running and Seal scripts.
The fact that this coin is very well-made and, to date, is one of a kind, lends credence to the belief that the coin may be a trial piece and that very few were actually cast for circulation.
|
<urn:uuid:8c90ca6d-7090-4790-a65b-ce953fd94e69>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
http://primaltrek.com/blog/2016/10/04/unique-western-xia-coin-written-in-seal-script-unearthed-in-ningxia/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320763.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20170626133830-20170626153830-00130.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.957005 | 1,515 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Minds that Matter reports the findings from the Ontario Human Rights Commission’s (OHRC) province-wide consultation on the human rights issues experienced by people with mental health disabilities or addictions. It provides a summary of what we heard from more than 1,500 individuals and organizations across Ontario.
Throughout the consultation, we heard significant concerns about the discrimination and harassment facing people with mental health disabilities or addictions in many aspects of their lives. Mental health disabilities can include schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression and anxiety disorders. Addictions can include alcohol and substance addictions and problem gambling.
We heard that people with mental health issues or addictions face common stereotypes – that they are a security risk or are incapable of making decisions for themselves. These stereotypes result in widespread discrimination in housing, employment and services, and are deeply embedded in legislation, institutional policies and practices of institutions and individual attitudes.
Many people with mental health issues or addictions don’t know they have a legal right to be free from discrimination under the Ontario Human Rights Code (the Code). In addition, we heard how rules, policies and practices in employment, housing and services are not designed with the needs of people with mental health issues or addictions in mind. Multiple barriers are created that prevent people from accessing these areas equitably. For example, services may not be designed to include people with episodic disabilities; people may be told they have to meet the criteria for being considered permanently disabled to be eligible for a service.
Many organizations do not appear to be aware of their responsibilities under the Code to uphold the human rights of people with mental health disabilities or addictions. We were told that many organizations need guidance on how to meet their duty to accommodate the individual needs of people with mental health or addiction disabilities. Also, where these rights conflict, we heard that balancing the rights of people with mental health or addiction disabilities with the rights or needs of others can be challenging.
Important themes that ran throughout the consultation were respect for people’s dignity, privacy and individual differences, as well as people’s rights to autonomy, non-discrimination, and full integration and participation in the community. These principles are grounded in the United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and mirror the purpose of the Code. For example, many people raised privacy concerns, telling us that their disability-related information was inappropriately requested or shared by employers, housing or service providers.
We heard how societal factors create the conditions for discrimination and exclusion of people with mental health issues or addictions. Poverty was a clear theme in people’s lives. In Ontario, people with mental health issues or addictions are much more likely to live in poverty than people with other types of disabilities or without disabilities. We heard that barriers to housing, services and employment opportunities for people who have low income will likely disadvantage people with mental health issues or addictions.
As well, we were told that a shortage of affordable housing opportunities and high levels of poverty often result in homelessness. The lack of available mental health services, housing and other supports has resulted in too many people with mental health issues and addictions in the criminal justice system. Discrimination contributes to low levels of education and high levels of unemployment and poverty.
We also heard that discrimination based on other disabilities and other Code grounds affect people’s mental health and well-being. Other grounds cited included:
- Race and related grounds, including Aboriginal identity
- Sex and gender identity
- Sexual orientation.
Discrimination based on mental health and addictions can combine or intersect with other forms of discrimination, creating distinct experiences of disadvantage. People with addictions may face unique forms of stereotyping and inequities compared to people with only mental health disabilities.
Some forms of discrimination are explicit and direct; others unintentional and subtle. Some rental housing providers, employers and service providers, including health care providers, may turn people away based on disability-related factors. Stereotyping can lead to harassment towards people with disabilities in the form of negative comments, social isolation and unwanted conduct from employers, landlords, co-workers or service providers. We also learned how people can be denied employment, service or housing opportunities because seemingly neutral rules actually lead to disadvantage; these can include tenant screening practices, hiring practices or police background checks.
There are signs that a shift is underway in how people with mental health issues or addictions are viewed. Mental health has been made a government priority at the provincial and federal levels. The U.N. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities changes the focus on persons with disabilities from recipients of charity to holders of rights. By ratifying this convention, Canada has agreed to take steps to ensure equality and non-discrimination in many aspects of life for all people with disabilities. Across Ontario, there is increasing awareness and acknowledgment of the major barriers that people with mental health issues and addictions face. Individuals and organizations are asking for more education about mental health, and for changes to laws and policies to end negative stereotyping and discrimination.
Preventing and eliminating discrimination is a shared responsibility. This report sets out recommendations for action for government, housing providers, employers, service providers and other parties, as well as a series of OHRC commitments towards eliminating discrimination based on mental health and addictions in Ontario.
|
<urn:uuid:dddccb81-334f-4064-9cd6-be0a86e703f0>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-29
|
http://www.ohrc.on.ca/en/minds-matter-report-consultation-human-rights-mental-health-and-addictions
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655897027.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20200708124912-20200708154912-00066.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.95808 | 1,080 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Adapting to the impacts of extreme heat on Bangladesh’s labour force
The impact of global warming on the labour force is already evident and is unequally distributed across the world. Global economic inequality is rising due to global warming, with hotter, poorer countries experiencing a decline in growth due to warmer conditions.
Bangladesh is an example of a country for whom the health and productivity of its workforce – and thus its economic output – are under increasing threat in a warming world. Yet to date, the non-fatal effects of direct heat exposure have received insufficient attention from researchers and policymakers.
This policy brief considers how policymakers can better ensure workers in Bangladesh are protected from extreme heat while pursuing sustainable development pathways and a just transition to a low-carbon economy. Other countries with similar vulnerabilities to Bangladesh can also draw lessons from our findings.
- Working conditions in Bangladesh are worsening due to extreme heat associated with climate change. This increased heat stress is already having a negative impact on workers’ health and labour productivity.
- On a combined measure of labour supply and labour productivity in sectors that are relatively highly exposed to heat in Bangladesh, a decrease of 46.2 percentage-points by 2080 is projected under a 3°C warming scenario.
- The loss in productivity could compromise efforts to reduce poverty and attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), making it more challenging for Bangladesh to achieve its medium- and long-term goals of promoting prosperity and inclusive growth.
- Possible adaptation options include changing working conditions (e.g. providing cooling and hydration breaks, changing working hours, and providing access to cooling indoors), adjusting building design, climate-smart urban planning, and increasing mechanisation of some tasks.
- While there are several policies and frameworks for labour protection in place, their enforcement is currently weak. Better data on how heat is harming worker health and reducing labour supply and labour productivity can support stronger enforcement, along with regulations that protect the health of workers.
- Action on climate change, including making reforms towards a low-carbon economy, is also likely to affect the labour market by causing significant reallocation of workers. This will require just transition policies to be put in place, to avoid rising unemployment, poverty and inequality.
- Measures to ensure that the transition to a low-carbon economy is just may include creating new job opportunities, retraining workers, and ensuring the protection of the labour force, including migrant workers and informal workers.
|
<urn:uuid:ee531960-8c5d-4d61-ab3b-ba1688e8faef>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://www.cccep.ac.uk/publication/adapting-to-the-impacts-of-extreme-heat-on-bangladeshs-labour-force/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510903.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20231001141548-20231001171548-00161.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.939149 | 500 | 3.109375 | 3 |
The terms foobar, foo, bar, baz and qux are sometimes used as placeholder names (also referred to as metasyntactic variables) in computer programming or computer-related documentation. They have been used to name entities such as variables, functions, and commands whose purpose is unimportant and serve only to demonstrate a concept. The words themselves have no meaning in this usage. Foobar is sometimes used alone; foo, bar, and baz are sometimes used in that order, when multiple entities are needed.
The usage in computer programming examples and pseudocode varies; in certain circles, it is used extensively, but many prefer descriptive names, while others prefer to use single letters. Eric S. Raymond has called it an "important hackerism" alongside kludge and cruft.
History and etymology
The origins of the terms are not known with certainty, and several anecdotal theories have been advanced to identify them. Foobar may have derived from the military acronym FUBAR and gained popularity due to the fact that it is pronounced the same. In this meaning it also can derive from the German word furchtbar, which means awful and terrible and described the circumstances of the Second World War.
FOO is an abbreviation of Forward Observation Officer, a British Army term in use as early as the First World War. The etymology of foo is explored in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Request for Comments 3092, which notes usage of foo in 1930s cartoons including The Daffy Doc (with Daffy Duck) and comic strips, especially Smokey Stover and Pogo. From there the term migrated into military slang, where it merged with FUBAR.
"Bar" as the second term in the series may have developed in electronics, where a digital signal which is considered "on" with a negative or zero-voltage condition is identified with a horizontal bar over the signal label; the notation for an inverted signal foo would then be pronounced "foo bar". Bar may also be read as beyond all repair, which is how it is used in the acronym FUBAR.
Full article ▸
|
<urn:uuid:4114bea5-4f96-4086-912a-99207b47f433>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-47
|
http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Foobar.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934805242.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20171119004302-20171119024302-00183.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.959613 | 439 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Newton's Larkspur - Rare Wildflower
Newton's Larkspur is a very rare member of the Larkspur (Delphinium) genus, in the ranunculacaea family, which also includes the domesticated Larkspur and Delphinium. It has been documented in the wild in only four counties in northern Arkansas, near the Buffalo River, making it one of the world's most rare plant species. The Delphinium name comes from the latin word for dolphin, because the flower buds were thought to resemble dolphins. Other species of tall Larkspur are also quite poisonous, causing death from respiratory paralysis when eaten. In Transylvania, Larkspur was sometimes used to keep witches away from stables.
|
<urn:uuid:c96bbbe9-4fc2-4e75-9674-99eec70a8f0d>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-39
|
https://www.flickr.com/photos/49598046@N00/3640082333/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818689471.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20170923033313-20170923053313-00537.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.950001 | 156 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Scientists say an elephant in a South Korean zoo uses his trunk to pick up not only food but also human vocabulary.
An international team of researchers says Koshik can reproduce five Korean words.
The 22-year-old Asian elephant at the Everland Zoo in Yongin makes the sounds by tucking his trunk inside his mouth and modulating the sound coming from his throat.
The discovery was reported online Friday in Current Biology.
Researchers believe the elephant learned to speak out of a desire to bond with his trainers after he was separated from two other elephants.
The words that Koshik can mimic are clearly understandable to visitors.
In 1983, zoo officials in Kazakhstan claimed their elephant could reproduce Russian. But there was no scientific study.
|
<urn:uuid:32a853cf-ad40-47d8-89b7-5d922dfd0d62>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-35
|
http://www.theindychannel.com/news/local-news/elephant-mimics-human-speech
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500801235.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021321-00469-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.974776 | 151 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Tens of millions of fully-searchable, digitized copies of historic newspapers are available online through NewspaperARCHIVE. Over 2.5 million new pages are added each month from newspapers primarily in the United States and Canada. NewspaperARCHIVE (or a portion thereof) can sometimes be found bundled with subscriptions to other genealogy Web sites such as WorldVitalRecords
and Godfrey Memorial Library
, but with a free membership option
allowing up to three newspaper page views each day.
Search for names and keywords in over 92 million articles, obituaries, marriage notices, birth announcements and other items published in more than 500,000 issues of over 1,300 historical U.S. newspapers. New content added monthly. Subscription required
Full text search plus digitized images make this collection of more than 16 million pages from over 1000 different newspapers across the US, U.K. and Canada dating back to the 1700's a treasure for online genealogy research. Subscription
This partnership between the British Library and brightsolid online publishing have digitized and scanned millions of newspaper pages from the British Library's vast collection and made them available online, with plans to increase the collection to 40 million newspaper pages over the next 10 years.
Google News Archive Search generates a timeline of stories that match a particular subject or keyword, with hits arranged chronologically by date. This is a search engine only, with links to articles appearing on other sites. Results are both free
Search (full-text) or browse over 7 million pages digitized from Australian newspapers and some magazine titles in each state and territory, with dates ranging from the first Australian newspaper published in Sydney in 1803, to the 1950s when copyright applies. Newly digitized newspapers are added regularly through the Australian Newspapers Digitisation Program.
This large historical newspaper collection can be accessed online for free through many public libraries and educational institutions. Over 20 million digitized pages in PDF format can be searched or browsed for major newspapers, including The New York Times, Atlanta Constitution, The Baltimore Sun, the Hartford Courant, the Los Angeles Times and the Washington Post. There is also a collection of black newspapers from the Civil War era. Check with your local library to see if they offer access to this collection for library members.
Millions of historical newspapers from small towns and big cities across the United States are available as part of a paid subscription to Footnote.com. Subscription
The Library of Congress and NEH first launched this digitized historic newspaper collection in early 2007, with plans to add new content as time and budget permits. The newspapers are fully searchable, and cover the years 1880 to 1910 in several states, including California, District of Columbia, Florida, Kentucky, Minnesota, Nebraska, New York, Texas, Utah and Virginia. Ultimate plans are to include historically significant newspapers from all states and U.S. territories published between 1836 and 1922. Free
A growing (and free) collection of historic newspapers (primarily U.S.), including obituaries, birth & marriage announcements, legal notices, etc. Search for your surnames in the index and follow the link to complete scanned copies.
|
<urn:uuid:386ad670-e5ab-465a-948d-4fced2e58a37>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-10
|
http://genealogy.about.com/od/newspapers/tp/newspapers_online.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1393999652862/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305060732-00016-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.924169 | 645 | 2.609375 | 3 |
There is no alternative to the human blood. By donating blood we can save precious human life as we require 5 crore units of blood every year in India. Though, we are a population of 130 crores but only 40% of them in age categories where they can donate blood. It means if only 10% of this age category population can donate blood once in year voluntarily we can fulfill the dream of 100% voluntary blood donation. Blood donation not only just benefits recipients but also there are health benefits for donors, too. These benefits do not limit to emotional satisfaction o of saving some life but also some real health benefits to the donor.
Benefits to the Donor
According to Mental Health Foundation blood donation can have following benefits to the donor:-
- reduce stress
- improve your emotional well-being
- benefit your physical health
- help get rid of negative feelings
- provide a sense of belonging and reduce isolation
Researchers have found various other health benefits to a blood donor:-
Lower risk of heart disease
Blood donation may lower the risk of heart disease and heart attacks due to decrease in viscosity of blood by blood donation. Regular blood donation has positive impact on our blood pressure also.
Free health check-up
Every blood donor undergo following free mini medical check-ups every time before donating blood:-
- pulse rate
- blood pressure
- body temperature
- haemoglobin levels
- body weight
It can effectively detect problems that could indicate an underlying medical condition or risk factors for certain diseases. Even after the blood donation, your blood is also tested for various diseases before being used for transfusion. These include hepatitis B and C, HIV-AIDS, syphilis etc. Every blood bank has system of reporting if your blood is tested positive for any of these diseases.
Friends, today we have organised a blood donation camp in our college where 44 units of blood was donated that has potential to save 132 lives. Hope these people who will get this blood survive and work for the growth of the society.
Please Like, Comment and Share
|
<urn:uuid:36ed574b-1c2e-463a-85f1-a8f1af1d6c7d>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-10
|
https://mkbhambu.com/2019/06/12/why-we-should-do-blood-donation/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145774.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20200223123852-20200223153852-00333.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.907609 | 418 | 2.609375 | 3 |
1. The Tao
Tai Chi has its roots in Taoism, which began with the first emperor, Fu Hsi, at the start of Chinese civilization. Tai Chi today is an exercise regime, but it has its roots in a system that was a religious and political way of life.
Fu Hsi was the first of the legendary emperors of ancient China. His reign marked the starting point of Chinese civilization, and the Tao concept that originated at the same time also reflected the spirit of Chinese culture from this ancient beginning and the birth of Taoism.
2. The History of the 'Tao Te Ching'
Taoism includes meditation, marital arts, tai chi, herbalism, and medicine provided by food. Tai Chi also seems to be offering humanity a way of living that avoids religious conflicts, allowing human beings to adopt ancient concepts.
All the concepts of Taoism, beginning during the time of Fu Hsi, were collected in a document called Tao Te Ching. The writings are generally attributed to Lao Tzu — the Chinese philosopher credited with founding Taoism — despite the fact that the book was started thousands of years before Lao Tzu was born. It is thought that the name Lao Tzu may have been given to anyone who added to the teachings, just as “Christian” is a name of someone who believes the Bible is a spiritual truth.
Essentially, the “Tao Te Ching” was written as a collection of teachings from the original form of Taoism. Lao Tzu presented these teachings in an organized and accessible format. His work revitalized and energized Tao cultivation, so its importance cannot be overlooked. At the same time, it’s also important for us to recognize that Lao Tzu was not the one who “invented” concepts like wu wei, p’u, and ziran. Nor was he the first to talk about the significance of silence, harmony, intuition and emptiness.
3. Tai Chi Today
Tai Chi is a gentle and effective program of movements that provides flexibility and fluidity of movement and strengthening.
There exists a long history of movement and exercise systems which are associated with Taoism. In some sense one can see elements of all of these as contributing to the climate from which Tai Chi emerged.
4. Tai Chi for All Ages
The physical movements of Tai Chi are not only safe for all age groups, but they’re extremely effective, as well. Tai Chi works with the individual, and improvements are made within their remit and practice.
5. Psychologically Helpful
Tai chi is part of the martial arts segment of Taoism. It was a defense stratagem that provided great strength not only physically, but mentally, as it aids in concentration and focus.
Many of us hold a perception of Tai Chi Ch’uan as a slow and gentle series of movements done by old folks in the park. Nothing could be further from the truth. The practice of Tai Chi requires tremendous strength, endurance and flexibility, as well as demanding enormous concentration and focus. In addition, properly applied, it is one of the deadliest and most devastating of the martial arts. A kind of moving meditation, it is a marvelous vehicle for cultivating the harmonization of body, mind and spirit, while promoting health and longevity.
6. Body Alignments
As with all exercise programs, the aim of Tai Chi is to realign the body, which then allows an increase of the flow of energy and the flow of blood and lymph. This flow of energy improves immunity and reduces illnesses as toxins are released and nutrients are supplied. All the movements of Tai Chi can also increase one’s balance and muscle control.
From a physiological standpoint, T’ai Chi, much like Yoga, cleanses and invigorates by increasing the flow of fluids through the body, as well as flushing the lymph nodes and lymphatic system. Its practice increases heart rate and blood flow, and also prompts the movement of joints through their full range of motion.
7. Good Breathing Techniques
Tai Chi also combines deep, mindful breathing to help keep the mind, body, and spirit in harmony. One of the most fundamental aspects of life is breathing, yet the human species can be so poor at it.
Breathing pattern disorders (the extreme form of which is hyperventilation), automatically increase levels of anxiety and apprehension, which may be sufficient to alter motor control and to markedly influence balance control. Hyperventilation results in respiratory alkalosis, leading to reduced oxygenation of tissues (including the brain), smooth muscle constriction, heightened pain perception, speeding up of spinal reflexes, increased excitability of the corticospinal system, hyperirritability of motor and sensory axons, changes in serum calcium and magnesium levels, and encouragement of the development of myofascial trigger points – all or any of which, in one way or another, are capable of modifying normal motor control of skeletal musculature.
Because Tai Chi teaches good breathing techniques, it is an invaluable contribution to the quality of your daily life.
16 Warning Signs of Lupus to Watch Out For
1. Unexplained Fever Lupus can affect everyone differently and some may have …
21 Features of Kidney Disease
1. Dizziness Kidney Disease is when the kidneys are not filtering blood …
Top 10 Foods to Nourish Your Thyroid
Did you know that the food you eat can affect your thyroid health? Some foods …
12 Facts About Your Borderline Personality …
1. It's Finally Classified As a Mental Illness Borderline Personality Disorder, …
12 Common Factors That Trigger Rosacea …
1. Makeup Some products used on the face and body or in the mouth ie: make-up, …
22 Common Symptoms of Type II Diabetes
1. Mood Changes Mood change is sometimes one of the first symptoms to suggest …
|
<urn:uuid:46501709-54fd-4aa5-89a7-68673b5f2e5f>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-14
|
https://nutra.blog/posts/7-empowering-facets-of-t-ai-chi/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296946584.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20230326235016-20230327025016-00327.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.950417 | 1,225 | 3.03125 | 3 |
I found this on HowMuch.net. This site is full of great vizzes related to money.
This map depicts who the richest person is in each of the 50 States.
A photo of the richest person in each State is superimposed on the State they represent on the map along with their net worth. States are color coded based upon how the richest person in that state attained his or her wealth: red for self-made, blue for inherited and purple for inherited and growing. There is a total of 52 wealthy individuals on the map because there was a tie in two states. The data were collected from Forbes.
An outright majority of the richest people in the states are self-made. Nearly all of the wealthiest people in Western states are self-made, while a more mixed group is found among the richest individuals in Northeastern states. There is also a small trend found in familial ties. The wealthiest person in both Texas and Arkansas – Jim and Alice Walton – are from the family that founded retail giant Wal-Mart. The Mars family, the founders of the Mars candy company, also appears twice on the map; John and Jacqueline Mars in Wyoming and Virginia.
Although the individuals found on the map represent the wealthiest person in each state, the net worth of each person varies to a significant degree. The West Coast – California, Oregon and Washington – is home to some of the wealthiest people in the country. This includes Bill Gates, the wealthiest man in not only the U.S. but the world. The wealthiest person in states with a small population, like Midwestern America states, tend to have a relatively lower net worth compared to larger states. But there are a few notable exceptions, including the world’s second wealthiest man Warren Buffet in sparsely-populated Nebraska.
|
<urn:uuid:402802f8-da98-42f4-a154-dc45a58f2134>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-10
|
https://datavizblog.com/2017/10/08/infographic-the-richest-person-in-every-state/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875146681.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20200227094720-20200227124720-00487.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.965771 | 366 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Were American Indians used as slaves? Did they resist or help navigate and teach how to live on their land? Both?
I'm very interested in the American Indians in the United States (approx. 1650) and how slavery came about. European interaction, etc. American Indian reaction to the Europeans and--in particular--slavery.
Native Americans were absolutely used as slaves in the Caribbean and Central/South America as the Spanish established their control of the area by colonizing. It was during this time that the encomienda system became standard, including the control of Native American villages, and using their population as the workforce for large plantations. As disease and overwork began to wipe out the indigenous population, the Spainsh looked for another means of labor in the African slave trade.
It should be noted that as the Spanish began to colonized the Americas, one of their stated goals was the spread of Christianity. It would seem that their understanding of how to enact this evangelism was to first conform the native population to their own way of life - manner of dress, speech, and tradition. As this conformity was set in place, the general belief was that they would naturally be converting these former "savages" to Christianity. There are instances of resistance, and several of enslaved people escaping if possible. There are also records of Spanish colonists experiencing a change of heart upon witnessing the treatment of native peoples first hand. Some, like Bartolome de Las Casas, devoted themselves to speaking out for reform.
The Spaninsh enslaved the natives from the beginning of their time in the new world. The Aztecs and later the Inca were put into slavery working in gold and silver mines. The natives were also used on the plantations throughout New Spain.
In the 13 English Colonies native american slaves were bought and sold until around 1750. Natives were not easy to maintain because colonists reported many escapes that were successful.
Native American groups such as the Five Civilized Tribes even became so assimilated that they themselves took part in the African Slave Trade. But in general native americans were abolitionists. Groups gave safe harbor to runaways slaves.
You should check out James Loewen's book Lies My Teacher Told Me. The chapter on Columbus, and the chapter entitled "Red Eyes" are a wealth of information regarding native/European interaction. He discusses the native slave trade in great detail, including how the Puritans "sold the survivors of the Pequot War into slavery in Bermuda in 1637." The Spanish missionaries in California had the largest population of enslaved natives, although the encomienda system kept many enslaved in Florida.
Native tribes also began to enslave each other, to sell to the Europeans for guns and other goods. In addition, settlers began transporting native slaves (who were able to escape while in their native country) to the West Indies in exchange for African slaves. So the native slave trade actually drove and influenced growth of the African slave trade as well. Along with rampant disease, the slave trade was one of the leading factors in decimating the native population soon after European settlement.
There was certainly resistance, although the spread of disease before mass immigration from Europe essentially halved native populations. Combined with differing cultural definitions of property and ownership, this created the idea of American Indian tribes as "savages" who merely roamed the land. In fact, the reason New England especially was described as "park-like" in so many first hand accounts of European arrival in America is because the native tribes had cultivated the land and grown crops there before.
This would be a great thesis statement for a research topic. Recently, I have been working with students who are studying a Survey of U.S. History from 1500. From what I understand of Native American history, the Indians were instrumental in helping to cultivate the land and were able to govern themselves as civilized people. They were very helpful in showing the newcomers how to live and survive here in the U.S. There is evidence that they were actually helpful to runaway slaves as they assisted them with hiding from their white slave masters. Then as the cotton trade grew in the mid 1800's, there was a group of Indians in Oklahoma who were responsible for using black slaves as a means of labor to work the cotton fields. There is much to be gained from studying Native American life and culture to see how much of an influence they have had on the building and economic develoment of America.
if i recall correctley, they WERE used as slaves and DID resist however, seeing as how the americans had the more advanced weapons they submited to them.
|
<urn:uuid:ee8103df-541c-4d7e-a606-51e7a2e6c602>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-30
|
https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/u-s-history-were-american-indians-used-slaves-did-104339
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549424931.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170724222306-20170725002306-00346.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.984751 | 948 | 3.625 | 4 |
Her father's brutal murder tears 14-year-old Esperanza from her life of privilege in Mexico, forcing her to help her mother create a new life in Great Depression America.
When a storm brings down his father's boat, Digory Beale is forced to leave home to discover his fate.
Friendship for Today, A
Twelve-year-old Rosemary Patterson is one of the first African-American students to enter the white school in her town.
Eleanor Roosevelt Dingman is about to start 6th grade in the small town of Spectacle, New York, and she'll have to take charge of her off-center family when her mom runs away.
Jahanara, Princess of Princesses
Beginning in 1627, Princess Jahanara, first daughter of Shah Jahan of India's Moghul Dynasty, writes in her diary about political intrigues, weddings, battles, and other experiences of her life.
Journey to the New World, A
A Pilgrim girl makes the exciting yet dangerous journey on the Mayflower to a new world.
Kazunomiya, Prisoner of Heaven, Japan 1858
Princess Kazunomiya, half-sister of the Emperor of Japan, relates in her diary and in poems the confusing events occurring in the Imperial Palace in 1858, including political and romantic intrigue.
Kristina, the Girl King, Sweden 1638
Upon discovering that their newborn infant was, in fact, female and not male as first thought, Queen Marie Eleonore wailed inconsolably and King Gustavus Adolphus declared, nevertheless, that the child be raised as a prince.
Marie Antoinette, Princess of Versailles, Austria-France, 1769
In 1769, thirteen-year-old Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna, daughter of Empress Maria Theresa, begins a journal chronicling her life at the Austrian court and her preparations for her future role as queen of France.
Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary, the young Scottish queen, is sent a diary from her mother in which she records her experiences living at the court of France's King Henry II as she awaits her marriage to Henry's son, Francis.
This site contains information and advertising about Scholastic and third party products.
|
<urn:uuid:b38a3f3d-eac3-4e20-9723-4d2892199ad5>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-10
|
http://www.scholastic.com/kids/stacks/books/all.asp?currentpage=2&genre=Historical
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1393999671521/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305060751-00067-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.941315 | 470 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Tribalism is something that has plagued most tribes. Strangely, most if not all places you find tribes, tribe is usually a dividing fault line of sorts among the various tribes. I personally do not believe tribes are a problem; it boils down to people taking advantage and abusing these differences. Tribe is just one of many things that classify us under different people groups. It is an identifier among those where tribes thrive. Some of the places where you shall find theses scenario are in Africa, where the largest number of tribes are settled.
What is a tribe, what identifies it?
It is very difficult to give a definitive description of what a tribe is. Put loosely, a tribe is a society of people largely organized on the basis of kinship. They are principally formed of blood relations; predominantly shared groups of descent and birth. Tribes are at times appreciated along genealogical lines; it is in a sense a form of family. All tribes have their myths as to where they are descendant from and this is past on through posterity. With smaller tribes, blood relations are easily defined unlike large tribes.
The best we can use to appreciate the genesis of a tribe is Israel. They have 12 tribes’ descendants of the 12 brothers, the sons of Jacob. Each tribe is distinct from the other and can easily be identifiable if you know what to look out for. The tribes have since grown to a point that the former blood relations are no longer delineable other than the original descendants having been blood brothers. That is an example of tribes and how they can and do metamorphose.
Genesis of tribes
How did tribes come about?
Well, that is an intriguing question. It however has lots of disputable answers. The Bible presents the most logical response. The people at the time were building a tower to reach the heavens. God seeing the people were determined to build the tower caused them to speak different languages and that was the end of the building process (Gen 11:5-7). They then scattered all over in lingual assemblages.
The people later fell into clusters of people with whom they spoke the same vernaculars with each group finding its own settlement; this was the first time the people were compelled to part ways, along tribal (language) lines!
It all came down to communication.
They had now found an identity. Those that spoke the same language formed a community of their own; call it a tribe or community. In this community, the people were able to communicate with one another. Tribes do not only bring people together, they are a means for them to interact as a larger family group. This lack of communication brought the building plans of the Tower of Babel to a halt. It instead congregated various corporate tribal groups together as one people.
The latter is not always true as there are tribes that share the same language. The Israelites’ for example, are all descended from the same family and sharing the same language. The People of Rwanda for example share the same language but are divided along smaller family lines of clans. Some tribes though have languages so similar it is more the deflections in language that differentiate the tribes. The Luhya, Bukusu and Maragoli of Kenya are an example.
Interestingly, these tribes’ with differences as small as a deflection or even dialect still see themselves as distinct from each other. Therefore, this adds language into the fold of identifiers that single out tribes.
In general, a tribe is a community of people who ascribe to the same culture, beliefs, and share language. They are descendant of a common bloodline usually defined by language.
Why the divide among tribes; can’t tribes’ commune…?
Division amongst tribes has a lot to doing with their leaders; tribal or otherwise. Wherever you find dividers, it has largely to doing with the desire to remain distinct, albeit erroneously; notwithstanding the methods applied to achieve this.
Previously, this distinction used to be so strong it was taboo to marry outside of your tribe. You would be considered as desecrating your people group. At best it would earn you isolation or you end up ostracised. At worst, you would actually be killed to protect the sanctity of the tribe.
The scope and reasons that cause chafing among communities are vast in range. We can’t even begin to pretend to deal with them however hard we try. At best, there are a few minute principles we need to appreciate to deal with and manage tribalism. For purposes of this paper, a few of them are delineated below.
Distinction among tribes still holds very strong and as long as it is ignored, it shall always stick out like a sore thumb through tribal contentions. It is a human preservation instinct. Intermarriages would bring about its dissolution or reduce its steam but this takes eons to achieve. At least that is the underlying logic.
Challenge here is at some point, the people shall lose their identity (it happened with the African Americans) leaving a vacuum that can be abused, they would otherwise need to redefine themselves. There are no guarantees they will turn out ok.
Leaders are another reason and probably the most prevalent as to why tribes do not commune with other tribes, at least here in Kenya. On the one hand, they are tasked with keeping tribes together and cohesive.
They are the custodians of the people’s belief’s and cultural values. They carry direct and usually personal responsibility for the promulgation or not of their tribes. In their zeal to perform their known and perceived roles, some go overboard.
Every group has leaders of sorts. Whether the leadership is chosen or inherited is another matter. Some leaders use their roles and selfishly promote themselves at the expense of their people. This is more common amongst the political cadre.
Selfish leaders place emphasis on petty issues to portray them as strong leaders and gain voice among their own. They then use this as their power bases to enable them make political negotiations; unfortunately not for their people, but for them.
Differences shall abound among every group of people; wherever two or more people are gathered, there shall always be something they do not agree about. Two or more children grow together under the same roof, with the same parents, loved and cared for equally and you still have differences among them.
The important thing is how to manage and deal with these differences as they arise.
Belligerence has been a source of a lot of friction even among tribes. This is worsened by selfish and intransigent leaders seeking to expand their principles over and above other groups.
Tolerance or is it Intolerance is another major one. For in as long as we attach more importance and value to our tribes over others, we are bound to reap trouble. Once we are unable to appreciate other people’s worth, but see them as lesser beings not worthy of us or our time, well you know what.
Inability to respect others cultures, even when they do things we consider disgusting we shall not bond. In as long as we look down on others whatever good reasons we may have we just won’t mesh.
It is feelings or emotions like these, for some so strong they give off the impression others have no right to share the same space as them. Sadly, this mind-set makes it simpler for people to blindly do away with others without batting an eyelid. Deep in them they believe they are ridding their space of what they consider vermin, or a contaminant.
Even though they may argue they do not think like that, it forms the basis of their philosophy and outlay. Cases in point are the Rwanda genocide and the South African apartheid regime.
Are Tribes that bad?
The answer is an outright NO. Tribes are not the problem. The challenge lies with how tribes are perceived. Therein lies the issue.
Tribes are a larger form of family that keep a cohesive society. They offer a form of identity and give us a sense of belonging.
Even with the world evolving and fast transforming into a global village creating a need to appreciate life with more intrusions apparently, tribes still have a role.
We are a first a tribe by birth, then a nation as a collective whole.
Tribes need to learn to appreciate one another realising they are just but a piece in one giant puzzle. It cannot be complete while missing any of the pieces. Yeah, especially those pieces we have despised most of our lives.
Only when they all connect to us shall we be complete. The beauty that the puzzle is will then truly come out.
When we learn to live with each other then we shall have made headway.
|
<urn:uuid:4965359c-037b-4951-a6f1-2fb5d11d98b3>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-26
|
https://mentorkenya.wordpress.com/2016/05/04/of-tribes-and-tribalism/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320532.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170625134002-20170625154002-00701.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.972403 | 1,798 | 2.515625 | 3 |
* You use conditional clauses to talk about a possible situation and its results.
* Conditional clauses can begin with `if’.
* A conditional clause needs a main clause to make a complete sentence. The conditional clause can come before or after the main clause.
1 You use conditional clauses to talk about a situation that might possibly happen and to say what its results might be.
You use `if’ to mention events and situations that happen often, that may happen in the future, that could have happened in the past but did not happen, or that are unlikely to happen at all.
If the light comes on, the battery is OK.
I’ll call you if I need you.
If I had known, I’d have told you.
If she asked me, I’d help her.
2 When you are talking about something that is generally true or happens often, you use a present or present perfect tense in the main clause and the conditional clause.
If they lose weight during an illness, they soon regain it afterwards.
If an advertisement does not tell the truth, the advertiser is committing an offence.
If the baby is crying, it is probably hungry.
If they have lost any money, they report it to me.
WARNING: You do not use the present continuous in both clauses. You do not say `If they are losing money, they are getting angry.’
3 When you use a conditional clause with a present or present perfect tense, you often use an imperative in the main clause.
Wake me up if you’re worried.
If he has finished, ask him to leave quietly.
If you are very early, don’t expect them to be ready.
4 When you are talking about something which may possibly happen in the future, you use a present or present perfect tense in the conditional clause, and the simple future in the main clause.
If I marry Celia, we will need the money.
If you are going to America, you will need a visa.
If he has done the windows, he will want his money.
WARNING: You do not normally use `will’ in conditional clauses. You do not say `If I will see you tomorrow, I will give you the book’.
5 When you are talking about something that you think is unlikely to happen, you use the past simple or past continuous in the conditional clause and `would’ in the main clause.
If I had enough money, I would buy the car.
If he was coming , he would ring.
WARNING: You do not normally use `would’ in conditional clauses. You do not say `If I would do it, I would do it like this’.
6 `Were’ is sometimes used instead of `was’ in the conditional clause, especially after `I’.
If I were as big as you, I would kill you.
If I weren’t so busy, I would do it for you.
You often say `If I were you’ when you are giving someone advice.
If I were you, I would take the money.
I should keep out of Bernadette’s way if I were you.
7 When you are talking about something which could have happened in the past but which did not actually happen, you use the past perfect in the conditional clause. In the main clause, you use `would have’ and a past participle.
If he had realized that, he would have run away.
I wouldn’t have been so depressed if I had known how common this feeling is.
WARNING: You do not use `would have’ in the conditional clause. You do not say `If I would have seen him, I would have told him’.
You must log in to post a comment.
|
<urn:uuid:c5b46e49-597e-45cb-9855-5b0f723e571f>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-14
|
https://cambo-zone.com/unit-66-conditionals-using-if/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296943749.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20230322020215-20230322050215-00476.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.981714 | 817 | 3.71875 | 4 |
A curious mind is one of the greatest assets to becoming a lifelong learner. With a curious mind you’re more likely to question, ponder, explore, and extend what you might already know. Being a lifelong learner allows you to see the benefit of failure while holding the drive to keep trying, and eventually persevere.
In Fall 2018, the Lyme Early Education Foundation (LEEF) is offering an after-school science club, Curious Minds, on designated Tuesdays from 3:15pm to 4:30pm for students in grades 1 through 4. Curious Minds aims to be an activity that promotes science education through inquiry-based learning and allows students to further develop their scientific minds. Led by third grade teacher, Trisha Gautreau, participants this semester will explore patterns in nature and engineering and design.
Enrollment is limited to 20 students per grade group and will be confirmed only after a completed registration form and full payment is received.
Grades 3 & 4
Grades 1 & 2
Session One: Patterns in Nature
Session Two: Engineering & Design
Stay tuned for information on the exciting sessions that will be offered in Spring 2019, which include exploring vital human organs (heart, brain, lungs, teeth) and data collection and analysis (peep parachutes, catapults and hoops, and more!).
|
<urn:uuid:781d64e3-aca0-4af8-ac86-026fd31d61ce>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-34
|
https://www.lymeschool.org/article/58780?org=lymeschool
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738746.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20200811090050-20200811120050-00575.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.941979 | 273 | 3.1875 | 3 |
If you have had the unfortunate experience of having a loved one diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease, you know the sadness of slowly watching that person lose their memories and cognitive abilities. According to the CDC, Alzheimer’s is the most common type of dementia, and about 5.8 million people in the U.S. have been diagnosed. You might think that this is a disease of the elderly, but it isn’t, as younger-onset Alzheimer’s can also take place. It’s anticipated that the number of people affected by Alzheimer’s disease will increase to 14 million people by the year 2060. So, what can we do right now, no matter our age, to help reduce our risk? Some of the ways to lower our risk of developing this cognitive impairment may surprise you—and they have to do with your eating habits.
The gut and the brain
Everything in the body is connected, even the gut and the brain. A new study has found that microorganisms in the gut are directly associated with cognitive health. Initial findings seem to link microbial composition to cognition, possibly through the production of short-chain fatty acids. When studied in animals, “short-chain fatty acids appear to be protective against vascular dementia and cognitive impairment,” and now the same seems to be found in humans as well. While additional studies need to be conducted, there is strong evidence that “[g]ut microbiota may eventually be used to identify biomarkers involved in the risk of chronic diseases that lead to cognitive decline.” What happens in the gut affects the brain.
Gluten is a major player
One eating habit that could help reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s is eliminating gluten from the diet. Gluten can be linked to negative effects on the brain through not only gluten sensitivity but through the development of a leaky gut and a breakdown of the blood-brain barriers.
To start, a study has linked a specific type of gluten sensitivity to the risk of developing the neurological disease. Knowing this risk in advance could allow patients to take steps to reduce or manage their risk. Additionally, gluten can be the cause of a leaky gut, which is when bacteria and other toxins are able to seep through the intestinal wall into the rest of the body. One doesn’t have to have gluten sensitivity to experience this type of increased intestinal permeability. A study tested participants with celiac and without celiac disease and showed that both groups had increased intestinal permeability after gluten exposure. Meaning, gluten led to a leaky gut and the release of bacterial toxins into the body, whether or not a gluten sensitivity was present.
Finally, lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from leaky gut can lead to the breakdown of the blood-brain barriers that protect against aging and Alzheimer’s disease. The blood-brain barrier is there to shield the brain from toxic compounds. If gluten is one of the causes of leaky gut, and leaky gut can cause a deterioration of the blood-brain barriers, then it would make sense that decreasing gluten in the diet would also reduce the risk of damaging the blood-brain barriers, therefore preventing toxins from reaching the brain and reducing the risk of negative neurological impacts.
Embrace time-restricted eating
Diet and eating habits contribute to brain health. It’s not only what you eat, but when you eat. A study out of Italy found that participants who did time-restricted eating (intermittent fasting), were less likely to have cognitive impairment. The study grouped participants into those with an eating window under 10 hours and those with no eating time restrictions (over 10 hours). Results showed that those that practiced time-restricted eating (a window under 10 hours) were less likely to have cognitive decline, suggesting that intermittent fasting could have positive effects on brain health.
The importance of blood sugar management
Blood sugar management may also be vital to reducing the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. A study found that those with type 2 diabetes were 50-100 percent more likely to develop dementia. It’s unclear if there is a causal relationship, but it’s still important to note that those with type 2 diabetes have unusually high instances of dementia. The best way to prevent and manage type 2 diabetes is through a lean protein and vegetable-rich diet that lends itself to good blood sugar management.
Reducing the risk of Alzheimer’s with good eating habits
Good eating habits not only benefit your physical health, but they can also be the key to your brain health, too! Cyrex Laboratories, a clinical laboratory specializing in functional immunology and autoimmunity, has developed a test panel called the Alzheimer’s LINX™ Alzheimer’s-Associated Immune Reactivity. This test can help clinicians identify patients at greater risk and reactivity triggers for developing Alzheimer’s disease or other neurological disorders. It can also be used to identify the early stages of the neurodegenerative processes and monitor the effectiveness of lifestyle modifications.
The Alzheimer’s LINX is recommended for patients who have a family history of Alzheimer’s disease or are exhibiting early signs of Alzheimer’s disease, have been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s, or who have a history of gastrointestinal disorders or type 2 diabetes. Reducing the risk of Alzheimer’s is possible at any age with proven eating habits such as eliminating gluten, implementing time-restricted eating, and blood sugar management. The Alzheimer’s LINX panel can be used as an added tool to identify risk and monitor progress. Dr. Chad Larson, NMD, DC, CCN, CSCS, Advisor, and Consultant on Clinical Consulting Team for Cyrex Laboratories. Dr. Larson holds a Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine degree from Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine and a Doctor of Chiropractic degree from Southern California University of Health Sciences. He is a Certified Clinical Nutritionist and a Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist. He particularly pursues advanced developments in the fields of endocrinology, orthopedics, sports medicine, and environmentally-induced chronic disease.
by Dr. Chad Larson, NMD, DC, CCN, CSCS
Discussion about this post
|
<urn:uuid:e03f0b7d-3947-4652-9d80-2f1e8cef9e01>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-23
|
https://usawire.com/proven-eating-habits-that-reduce-your-alzheimers-risk-at-every-age/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224651815.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20230605085657-20230605115657-00670.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.946439 | 1,277 | 3.390625 | 3 |
5 gal. Dwarf Alberta Spruce Shrub with Formal Topiary Spiral
The Dwarf Alberta Spruce is arguably the most popular coniferous shrub and for very good reasons. Firstly, without any pruning or maintenance required this compact conifer naturally attains a perfectly symmetrical pyramid form. in stark contrast to many of its evergreen relatives, the dense needles of a Dwarf Alberta Spruce are actually quite soft and fuzzy. Although considered a slow growing shrub, this tendency is exactly the reason that Dwarf Alberta Spruce can grow just about anywhere in the United States. This evergreen naturally developed a slow rate of growth in order to live off of less nutrients when coping with extreme fluctuations in temperature that desert, mountain and Northern climates often bring. The Dwarf Alberta Spruce is able to withstand temperatures below minus 45°F and is also incredibly drought-tolerant, using its slow metabolism as a strength to live through the most scorching summers and harshest winters. It will eventually reach a height between 10 ft. and 12 ft. with a spread between 4 ft. and 5 ft., although it could take over 25-years for this compact shrub to reach its full growth potential. with a USDA Cold Hardiness range between 2 and 9. The Dwarf Alberta Spruce is the definition of low-maintenance, its lovely forest-green foliage naturally attains a symmetric pyramidal form and is among the most resilient shrubs grown today.
- Among the most popular coniferous shrub in North America
- Compact conifer naturally attains a perfectly symmetrical pyramid form
- Dense needles are quite soft
- Able to withstand temperatures below minus 45°F and is also incredibly drought-tolerant
|
<urn:uuid:c96c9b2b-5cd0-4ddd-8e12-c660d0f14124>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-50
|
https://onlineorchards.com/products/5-gal-dwarf-alberta-spruce-shrub-with-formal-topiary-spiral
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100989.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20231209233632-20231210023632-00579.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.942487 | 350 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Jay Winter. Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning: The Great War in European Cultural History. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995. x + 310 pp. $29.95 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-521-49682-7.
Reviewed by William R. Keylor (Boston University )
Published on H-France (August, 1996)
In the four-year blood bath that began in the summer of 1914, about half of the nine million people who perished were citizens of France, Great Britain, and Germany. One in six of those who served in the armed forces of these three nations never returned. There was scarcely anyone on the home front who had not lost a close relative. The one experience shared by virtually all the survivors of the Great War, regardless of socio-economic status, educational attainment, or political tendency, was that of bereavement. Jay Winter's engrossing book investigates that process of mourning by treating the multifarious ways in which the widows, orphans, and parents of the dead soldiers in these three countries sought to cope with the loss of their loved ones. It also examines the ways in which literary, artistic, cinematic, and architectural themes served as devices of commemoration. This study of the cultural consequences of the Great War admirably complements Winter's earlier works on its military, political, social, and economic dimensions. The author is unabashedly selective, restricting his comparative analysis to the three principal participants in the war on the Western front and focusing on a limited set of representative texts.
Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning is a revisionist work which boldly challenges the standard assessment of the Great War as a caesura in European cultural history that severed all connections with a discredited heritage. He dissents from the familiar claim that the iconoclastic, ironic vision of modernism supplanted the traditional literary forms of the Victorian and Edwardian eras, which could not adequately express the despair of the postwar generation at European civilization's descent into barbarism. On the contrary, Winter contends that the desperate search for consolation by bereaved mourners prompted a revival of traditional modes of aesthetic expression that had been prematurely interred by the high priests of modernism. Far from discrediting the classical, romantic, and religious themes of the past, the traumatic experience of the war and the need to preserve the memory of those whom it had swept away reconnected the grieving postwar generation with the familiar, comforting cultural imagery of the past.
Winter contends that the common experience of bereavement bequeathed by the Great War erased the traditional barrier between "high" and "low" culture, yielding a set of universal themes that resonated throughout the three societies at all levels. The symbolic theme of reuniting the dead with their surviving kin recurred throughout the cultural history of the war and the postwar decade, from the literary works of Henri Barbusse, Karl Krause, and George Bernard Shaw to the painting of Otto Dix and Max Beckmann. Abel Gance's silent film J'accuse, commissioned by the French army as a propaganda work but not screened until shortly after the Armistice, featured the apocalyptic image of dead soldiers returning home to judge the living. Winter draws an interesting parallel between the leitmotif of resurrection in the postwar cinema (from Gance's ghostly poilus to the dead platoon marching into the distance in Lewis Milestone's 1930 film version of Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front) and the revival of interest in spiritualism during and after the war. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle regularly communicated with his dead son in seances, which had become popular vehicles for the denial of death's finality. Hallucinatory experiences with resurrectionist themes proliferated amid the stressful conditions of wartime Europe: British infantrymen sighted an angelic army of bowmen from the battle of Agincourt bolstering their front lines at Mons. A vision of the Virgin at Fatima in Portugal stimulated a revival of Marian cults across the Continent. The purveyors of "psychic photography," who claimed to capture the spirits of dead soldiers hovering above the living, did a lively business. Winter skillfully employs these and other examples of apocalyptic, biblical, and spiritualist themes to buttress his argument about the persistence of traditional forms of commemoration after the traumatic experience of the Great War.
The theme of the "return of the dead" assumed a literal meaning when the French government made the decision on practical grounds to bury the dead in improvised cemeteries near the war zone. This policy inspired a clandestine traffic in bodies, as bereaved kinsmen hired grave robbers to exhume and reinter the remains in the parish churchyard. Since almost half of the bodies had been rendered unidentifiable by machine gun or artillery fire, the tomb of the unknown soldier under the Arc de triomphe provided symbolic solace to those families denied the privilege of proper burial for their fallen kin. Winter demonstrates how the periodic rituals of commemoration involving friends and neighbors--such as pilgrimages to cemeteries and public ceremonies at monuments A nos morts erected in town squares--forged powerful emotional bonds among communities in mourning.
The symbolic representation of the reunion of the dead and the living was notably evident in the architecture of war memorials, the most public and durable sites for the rituals of bereavement. Building on the recent scholarship of Annette Becker, Daniel Sherman, Antoine Prost, and others, Winter explores the cultural function of French memorials to the fallen of the Great War. He concludes that the commemorative art of the war monuments appropriated language more suitable to the age of chivalry, replete with cliches of sentimentality celebrating the knightly virtues of duty, honor, and loyalty. A case in point was the rhetoric of commemoration associated with the famous "Trench of the Bayonets." After the entire third company of the 137th French infantry regiment was annihilated in a ravine near Verdun, a French rescue unit came upon a collapsed trench with bayonets protruding from the earth at regular intervals. This eerie discovery spawned the patriotic myth of the brave poilus who had remained at their posts until buried alive. An austere monument constructed near the site after the war drew on pagan and Christian motifs to memorialize this mythical act of heroism. It was a further example of the return to traditional forms of aesthetic expression in order to provide solace to the "communities of the bereaved."
Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning represents an audacious and (for me) persuasive reassessment of the cultural history of the Great War. Winter has seriously undermined the credibility of the standard shibboleths about the death of traditional European civilization and the birth of "modern memory" amid the bloodshed of 1914-18. What I find less cogent is his argument that the true break with the past came in 1945, at the end of a war of unspeakable brutality in which half the casualties were civilians. Winter's claim that the unprecedented horrors of the death camps "put an end to the rich set of traditional languages of commemoration and mourning which flourished after the Great War" rings true only if one treats victor and vanquished on the same moral plane.
German culture after 1945 could obviously not provide any traditional frames of reference for commemorating the pitiless war of annihilation that Hitler waged and for mourning the soldiers who perished for that morally indefensible cause. But surely the "communities of mourning" among the victors of the Second World War, even more than those among the victors of the First, were able to derive consolation for their losses from the certainty that their loved ones had died for a noble cause. The RAF fighter pilots who perished in the Battle of Britain, the Soviet soldiers who died defending Stalingrad in the "Great Patriotic War," and the Americans who fell on the Normandy beaches were commemorated in an even more traditional manner than the dead of the Great War--one thinks of the rows of crosses and stars atop Omaha Beach, for example--precisely because their sacrifices evoked more meaning and less moral ambiguity than the seemingly senseless carnage at Verdun and Passchendaele. Barbusse, who had marched to battle in 1914 convinced that he was fighting for the salvation of humanity, came to believe that humanity was being callously sacrificed for reactionary political ends and that neither side had a legitimate claim to moral superiority. After the liberation of the death camps and the full disclosure of the extent of Nazi brutality, the mourners of Allied war dead could temper their grief with the certain knowledge that their kinsfolk had not died in vain.
A Comment by Jay Winter (September 13, 1996)
I write in response to the stimulating review by William R. Keylor of my book Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning: The Great War in European Cultural History. He rightly takes issue with the assertion I made in conclusion that the two World Wars represent entirely different moments in cultural history. My claim was that the failure of the commemorative effort after 1914-18 to make war unthinkable made it difficult for the collective remembrance of the years 1939-45 simply to repeat the grammar and syntax of the earlier generation. In addition, the fact that more than half the casualties of the 1939-45 war were civilian, and the related fact that the rules of engagement in war were revolutionized by Auschwitz and Hiroshima, add weight to the view that as the character of war losses changed, so too did both the language and practices of collective mourning in Europe.
Professor Keylor is right to question the validity of this argument, which on balance I still wish to defend. He is right to claim that the Soviet Union and the United States do not fit the model of a break in commemorative forms after 1945. In the Russian case, their 'Great War' was not 1914-18, but the 'Great Patriotic War' of 1941-45; not surprisingly, their commemorative forms after 1945 naturally resemble those of the earlier period in Western Europe. In addition, the American story cannot be conflated with the European, though I would suggest that the ending of the war at Hiroshima and Nagasaki raised moral issues we have yet to resolve about the nature and consequences of the Second World War. In addition, the absence of American civilian casualties may tell us something about the gap that separates what Maurice Halbwachs termed the collective memory of that war in the United States from European collective memory.
I still feel there is something we have yet to come to terms with about the Second World War which leads me to posit a cultural break after 1945. On the German side, we agree that a break certainly occurred, though it is interesting to note that Helmut Kohl chose a Kathe Kollwitz pieta to conflate the victims of both world wars and Communist rule in East Germany in the national war memorial placed (under very odd circumstances) in the New Watch in Berlin. But even when we turn to France and Britain, the other two cases on which I focus in Sites of Memory, there are reasons to distinguish sharply between the two world wars and their commemoration.
Watching one brief moment of the Touvier trial at Versailles, I was struck by the difference in the rhetoric used to describe the war from that used in the 1920s and 1930s to describe the 1914-18 conflict. It is trivial but true to say that occupation and collaboration mattered. The old stories of heroes and villains may be found, but there were other stories, very hard to ignore, that came out of the Second World War.
We all know of the false claims advanced by some after 1944 to have played an active part in the Resistance; stories of phony heroism abound after all wars. But one man on the stand made me persist in my belief that something different was going on. Touvier's chauffeur was on the stand. He was a teenager who had been infiltrated into the milice by a Resistance group. The man stayed with Touvier throughout the Lyons period, and even after Touvier's flight from retribution. Had he changed sides? Which side was he on? I doubt if even he knew the answer to these questions. The grey fog of collaboration obscures any clear vision of the moral lessons of the Second World War in France.
Are the civilian victims remembered in the same way? I doubt it. Yes, there are commemorative plaques like those of 1914-18. One is on the building on the Ile St Louis from which Jewish orphans were deported. But this memorial plaque is not only a reminder of who was sent away; it is also a reminder of their neighbours who watched it happen and (in most cases) did nothing. I have trouble in applying the last phrase of Professor Keylor's review--referring to Allied servicemen to be sure--to these Jewish children. Did they die in vain? I am not claiming to have an answer to this question; all I am claiming is that the "answers" of 1914-18 survivors could not be applied easily after the Second World War.
It is important to adopt a gradualist approach here. It was not only the 1939-45 war itself which changed the landscape of commemoration; interwar developments played their part too. Antiwar sentiment was more widespread than ever before, and with good reason: the cripples were there in every village and quartier for those who wanted to see what war was like. Admittedly, many men and women on the Left who denounced war as an abomination changed their minds when the Spanish Republic needed defending. Nevertheless, the outbreak of war in 1939 was greeted not by great demonstrations; even in Berlin, the public mood was sombre and subdued. Why? Because everyone anticipated immediate aerial bombardment of civilian centres; and because the widows and orphans of the last war were everywhere. Now there would be millions more mourning those who "did not die in vain." I am sceptical about the healing effects of such soothing phrases; so were those who lived through the first week of warfare in September 1939.
There is a second level of argument about the supposed break in cultural forms and codes of commemoration after the Second World War. It may have been accidental, but the use of abstract forms in painting and sculpture was much more prevalent after 1945 than after 1918. This was not a war-related event, but it meant that the use of the figurative grammar in post-1945 commemoration was less widespread than after 1918. Reinhard Koselleck has shown this conclusively with respect to war memorial art. But even in this country, and much more recently, the same point applies.
Consider the two commemorative forms in the Mall in Washington to mark the Vietnam War. One is figurative; the other, Maya Lin's Wall, is not. All I am claiming is that the abstract form she adopted--and adapted admittedly from reflections on Lutyens's Thiepval memorial to the Allied Missing of the Battle of the Somme--characterizes much more post-1945 commemoration than post-1918. Abstract forms describe a caesura in time much more effectively than figurative ones do. Herein may lie the convergence of the history of artistic developments, with their own internal dynamics, and the history of public commemoration.
On the literary plane too, there seems to have been a different response to the Second World War compared to the First. One school of thought has it that Second World War writers were simply standing on the shoulders of the poets and novelists of 1914-18. I do not accept this argument, since as Professor Keylor agrees, there is little evidence of an epistemological or stylistic divide before and after the Great War. Then why a different literary legacy after 1945?
One answer is that after Celine, the romanticism of Barbusse or Genevoix was no longer possible. Perhaps. But another answer may arise out of the claim I advanced in Sites of Memory that war poetry in 1914-18 was a form of the reconfiguration of the sacred, in the sense of the term used by Alphonse Dupront. I am still minded to argue that the 'sacred' was buried under an unimaginable pile of bodies, including but certainly not limited to the bodies of one million Jewish children.
Yes, Allied soldiers died, among other reasons, so that that figure was not doubled or tripled, as surely it would have been had the Nazis won. But the nature of the offence, as Primo Levi put it, would not have changed had the figure of innocent lives lost in the Second World War been higher still. Something happened in the Second World War that made it very difficult, if not impossible, to go back to the rhetoric of 1914-18 about soldiers not having died in vain. Some still stuck to older forms; for others, these forms stuck in their throats.
It is for that reason that I ended my book upon some reflections by Walter Benjamin, a man who made us question the notion of aesthetic redemption, in either a Christian or Hegelian sense. Without that notion, the 1914-18 world of commemorative affirmation, so full of sadness and so reluctant to abandon hope, was bound to fade away. As indeed it has done.
Jay Winter Pembroke College, Cambridge <[email protected]>
Copyright (c) 1996 by H-Net, all rights reserved. This work may be copied for non-profit educational use if proper credit is given to the author and the list. For other permission, please contact [email protected].
If there is additional discussion of this review, you may access it through the list discussion logs at: http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl.
William R. Keylor. Review of Winter, Jay, Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning: The Great War in European Cultural History.
H-France, H-Net Reviews.
Copyright © 1996 by H-Net, all rights reserved. H-Net permits the redistribution and reprinting of this work for nonprofit, educational purposes, with full and accurate attribution to the author, web location, date of publication, originating list, and H-Net: Humanities & Social Sciences Online. For any other proposed use, contact the Reviews editorial staff at [email protected].
|
<urn:uuid:1b7967f4-b22f-4f62-86c5-0f0281eb58ea>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-15
|
https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=550
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609524259.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005204-00529-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.958239 | 3,782 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Solar energy is increasingly being utilized in horticulture for a variety of applications. One of the main ways solar energy is used in horticulture is through the installation of solar panels to generate electricity. This electricity can then be used to power various aspects of horticultural operations, such as lighting, irrigation, and climate control systems.
In addition to generating electricity, solar energy can also be used directly in horticulture. For example, solar water heaters can be used to heat water for greenhouse operations, while solar dryers can be used to dry crops such as fruits and vegetables. Solar greenhouses, which are designed to optimize solar gain and reduce energy consumption, are also becoming increasingly popular. Another important application of solar energy in horticulture is in the area of photovoltaic (PV) modules. PV modules can convert solar energy into electrical energy, which can be used to power a variety of horticultural operations. PV modules can be integrated into various aspects of horticultural operations, such as on the roofs of greenhouses, on the sides of buildings, or in freestanding structures. They can also be used to power small devices such as irrigation pumps and fans.
Solar energy has several benefits in horticulture. It is a renewable and sustainable source of clean energy that does not deplete natural resources or harm the environment or human health. Furthermore, it can reduce overall energy consumption, resulting in cost savings and increased profitability for horticultural operations.
Do you want to know more, contact us.
|
<urn:uuid:6d12a38f-891b-4951-9dba-4cdc8b415c3b>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://www.cubicgrow.eu/1246521_solar-in-horticulture
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510983.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002064957-20231002094957-00513.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.935904 | 311 | 3.46875 | 3 |
28/01/20 - Year 11 History Commemorate Holocaust Memorial Day – 27 January 2020
On the evening of Monday 27 January our Year 11 History pupils had the huge honour and privilege of being part of N Ireland’s annual Holocaust Memorial Day Commemoration Service in Belfast City Hall. Our pupils travelled together with pupils and staff fromthe Royal School Armagh, Banbridge High School and New-Bridge Integrated College. Two of our pupils, Jodie Truesdale and Lucy Gray took part in the service that marked the 75th anniversary of the liberation of the former Nazi concentrationand extermination camp, Auschwitz-Birkenau and the 25th anniversary of the genocide in Bosnia. Holocaust survivor, Tomi Reichental was the powerful and very moving keynote speaker at this poignant event, who along with his family was held in the Bergen-Belsenconcentration camp from 1944 – 1945, until it was finally liberated by British troops. Our thanks go to Mr Megaw and Mrs Reid who accompanied our pupils to this very special and memorable event.
A recording of the HMD 2020 Commemoration Service will be able to view online through the Holocaust Memorial Day website:
Thanks to Mr Megaw and Mrs Reid who accompanied our pupils to this very memorable event.
|
<urn:uuid:c5afeac1-34b6-4e95-bf99-e50d496b32a9>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-16
|
https://newtownhamiltonhigh.co.uk/january-2020/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371805747.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20200407183818-20200407214318-00459.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.958991 | 259 | 2.9375 | 3 |
The food we eat, where it comes from, and what we do with it when we are finished can have a significant impact on an individual’s carbon footprint. According to the USDA, 10% of total greenhouse gas emissions in the United States come from agriculture, but this statistic does not tell the whole story of how our food chain impacts climate change.
As our food travels from farms to our tables, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are released every step of the way. You can take some simple steps to help fight climate change simply by the food decisions you make.
Eat Less Meat and Dairy
According to a recent study from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, transitioning to a plant-based diet is significantly beneficial for the climate. Dietary changes could reduce global carbon dioxide emissions by eight billion tons per year and free up millions of square kilometers of land.
Animal products, such as meat and dairy, contribute to over 80% of total GHG emissions from food consumption, compared to less than 5% from vegetables, fruits or grains. Eating one vegetarian meal per week could save the equivalent of driving over 1,000 miles.
Look For Food with Fewer Food Miles Attached
Because our modern food chain is globalized, you may find apples from New Zealand and avocados from Mexico in your local supermarket. It is important to consider the carbon footprint of transportation because transportation accounts for 29% of total GHG emissions in the U.S, which is the highest out of any sector. The transportation of food is responsible for 14% of the energy used by the U.S. food system.
To reduce the miles your food travels, try shopping for locally grown and seasonal foods. Visit farmers markets and co-ops, or check labels at the grocery store and opt for domestically grown produce. Our own Drumlin Farm and Moose Hill CSA’s are a great place to start your local food journey.
Buy Less and Buy Strategically
At the end of the food system is food waste, which consumers and food distributors play a major role in. According to the EPA, 31% of the food in the United States is wasted every year, equaling 133 billion pounds of food waste. This contributes to climate change because organic waste in landfill generates methane emissions. The EPA is calling for a 50% reduction in food waste by 2030 due to the impact that food waste emissions have on climate change.
Consumers can shop more responsibly to reduce food waste. Try planning your meals ahead of time to avoid buying too much food, and keep an eye on expiration dates. You can keep your food scraps out of landfills by starting a backyard compost pile or bringing your food waste to a community compost site. See our Compost for the Climate blog post for more information.
Pledge To Be a Sustainable Food Consumer
Ready to take action for your health and the health of our planet? Pledge to become a sustainable food consumer and encourage others in your life to do the same. If you’re already vegan or a vegetarian, help create change in your school or workplace by instituting meatless Mondays and encouraging your community to institute sustainable food options at work or community events.
“I pledge to be a sustainable food consumer by reducing the amount of meat and dairy in my diet and encouraging others to do the same. Whenever possible, I will shop locally for my food and will support local farmers and producers.”
|
<urn:uuid:c1ad429e-e4ce-47de-99a9-2cbcbf9353d0>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-23
|
https://blogs.massaudubon.org/yourgreatoutdoors/tag/climate-pledge/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224647639.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20230601074606-20230601104606-00669.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.933483 | 698 | 3.6875 | 4 |
What Is Kundalini Yoga?
Kundalini yoga is a certain yoga discipline with a set of techniques that use the body with the mind and senses to make a communication between the body and mind. Kundalini yoga is focused on the psycho-spiritual growth. It also takes into consideration the role of the spine and endocrine system.
Chakras in the body are an important aspect of the Kundalini yoga. The spiritual power that in generated in the body is known as kundalini. This kundalini is considered to be a potential form of prana - life force - that is currently lying dormant in our body. They way many think of it is as a coiled serpent ("kundalini" means "that which is coiled" in Sanskrit (kunda = to coil or to spiral), though others disagree on this meaning. It is said to lie at the base of the spine, and can be sprung awake when activated by spiritual disciplines.
How Kundalini Yoga Is Practiced
Kundalini style of yoga has many bodily postures, some expressive movements and utterances, breathing patterns, and degrees of concentration. They should all be considered more than just stretching or gymnastic exercises.
Like some of the other yogas, Kundalini yoga carefully considers breathing. But it is different in that it uses a direct focus on moving energy throughout the chakras system, stimulating energy at the lower chakras and moving it up higher to the higher chakras. These "chakras" are the energy centers of the body. There are seven in all, from the base of the spine to the top of the head. Kundalini yoga adds an eighth charka - the electromagnetic field, often called the "aura". This aura is considered to be strengthened through the practice of Kundalini yoga.
In a nutshell, Kundalini Yoga attempts to awaken the energy that resides within the spine by activating the intertwined nerve channels there. Sometimes this type of yoga is called "the Yoga of Awareness," because it awakens the "Kundalini" - or unlimited potential that exists inside every human being. Yogis believe that when the infinite potential energy is raised in the body, it stimulates all the higher centers of the body, giving one enhanced intuition, creative potential, and mental clarity.
For a while, Kundalini was considered dangerous by the ruling powers and so it could only be practiced in secret. The information of how to do Kundalini yoga was something that was only passed from Master to student after a long initiation process designed to determine the commitment of the student.
|
<urn:uuid:0b17a5af-9da1-4e91-821a-18bdf1e547df>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-47
|
http://www.linkroll.com/yoga-exercises/what-is-kundalini-yoga.php
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806338.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20171121094039-20171121114039-00476.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.951869 | 540 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Summary: Researchers discover the genetic cause of an intellectual disability in four male patients in record time.
Source: Baylor College of Medicine.
In a study published today in PLoS ONE, a team of researchers reports solving a medical mystery in a day’s work. In record-time detective work, the scientists narrowed down the genetic cause of intellectual disability in four male patients to a deletion of a small section of the X chromosome that had not been previously linked to a medical condition.
Even with the current technological advances, solving medical mysteries such as this one usually entails a much longer period of research. “We found it very interesting how fast we went from knowing nothing about the genetic cause of one patient’s condition, to discovering the cause and finding three more individuals with the same problems,” said senior author Dr. Daryl A. Scott, associate professor of molecular and human genetics at Baylor College of Medicine. “It took us a year to get all the documentation for writing and publishing the report, but the actual discovery was within hours. It was essential to our discovery that we had at our disposal technology to find and search genomic databases, and to connect electronically and exchange information with other researchers around the world.”
Modern day medical detective work
It all began on a Thursday, Scott’s day to visit patients with developmental disabilities in clinic. “For one of the patients, a young male with intellectual disability, developmental delay, macrocephaly (enlarged head) and very flexible joints, our genetics lab indicated that the patient did not seem to have any known genetic changes that could explain his condition,” said Scott. “I saw a relatively small deletion in the X chromosome, identified as Xp11.22; it had only a few genes in it. The lab indicated that there had been no previous reports about this particular part of the genome causing any kind of medical problems.”
Two of the genes in the delete section of the patient’s X chromosome were MAGED1 and GSPT2. “To have an idea of what these genes might do, I searched a database that describes the functions of genes in the mouse and found that mice that have a deletion of the Maged1 gene have neurocognitive behavioral abnormalities. This caught my interest as it related to my patient’s condition.”
To make his case that deletions in Xp11.22 caused the clinical features of his patient, Scott needed to find more patients presenting similar clinical conditions and deletions. He searched two large genomic databases looking for more patients.
After searching the DECIPHER database, Scott found one patient carrying almost the exact same deletion as his patient, but there was no information about the individual’s clinical problems. Scott immediately sent an electronic message to the physician, co-author Dr. Alex Henderson, at The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals in England, in order learn more about the clinical characteristics of his patient.
Then, Scott contacted co-author Dr. Seema Lalani, associate professor of molecular and human Genetics at Baylor and assistant laboratory director of cytogenetics at Baylor Genetics. Lalani searched the Baylor Genetics database of 60,000 cases for patients with the deletion.
After carrying on this detective electronic work, Scott went to see his patient. By early afternoon, he was back in his office checking his email. He found a message from Henderson. He had two male patients (siblings) with the deletion, and intellectual disability, developmental delay and super mobile joints! Shortly after, Lalani informed Scott that co-author Dr. Patricia Evans, professor of pediatrics, neurology and neurotherapeutics at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School in Dallas had a patient with the Xp11.22 deletion and the same clinical features as Scott’s patient.
“In a day’s work we identified four patients in two continents, involving 3 families and it was all put together within 8 hours,” Scott said. “None of the patients and their families had an explanation for the condition before this work. Our findings allowed us to provide them with a genetic diagnosis.”
“In every case the mothers are carriers for these deletions but they do not have any apparent symptoms,” said Scott. “Yet, they can have male children that have significant problems. With this information, we can say to the parents that they have a 50 percent chance of passing this X chromosome with the deletion to a male child. Female children have a 50 percent chance of being carriers. This represents a significant change for the parents; they can now make informed decisions about future family planning.”
Other contributors of this work include Christina Grau, Molly Starkovich, Mahshid S. Azamian, Fan Xia and Sau Wai Cheung.
Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health/ National Institute of General Medical Sciences Initiative for Maximizing Student Development [R25 GM056929-16].
Source: Allison Huseman – Baylor College of Medicine
Image Source: NeuroscienceNews.com image is in the public domain.
Original Research: Full open access research for “Xp11.22 deletions encompassing CENPVL1, CENPVL2, MAGED1 and GSPT2 as a cause of syndromic X-linked intellectual disability” by Christina Grau, Molly Starkovich, Mahshid S. Azamian, Fan Xia, Sau Wai Cheung, Patricia Evans, Alex Henderson, Seema R. Lalani, and Daryl A. Scott in PLOS ONE. Published online April 17 2017 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175962
Xp11.22 deletions encompassing CENPVL1, CENPVL2, MAGED1 and GSPT2 as a cause of syndromic X-linked intellectual disability
By searching a clinical database of over 60,000 individuals referred for array-based CNV analyses and online resources, we identified four males from three families with intellectual disability, developmental delay, hypotonia, joint hypermobility and relative macrocephaly who carried small, overlapping deletions of Xp11.22. The maximum region of overlap between their deletions spanned ~430 kb and included two pseudogenes, CENPVL1 and CENPVL2, whose functions are not known, and two protein coding genes—the G1 to S phase transition 2 gene (GSPT2) and the MAGE family member D1 gene (MAGED1). Deletions of this ~430 kb region have not been previously implicated in human disease. Duplications of GSPT2 have been documented in individuals with intellectual disability, but the phenotypic consequences of a loss of GSPT2 function have not been elucidated in humans or mouse models. Changes in MAGED1 have not been associated with intellectual disability in humans, but loss of MAGED1 function is associated with neurocognitive and neurobehavioral phenotypes in mice. In all cases, the Xp11.22 deletion was inherited from an unaffected mother. Studies performed on DNA from one of these mothers did not show evidence of skewed X-inactivation. These results suggest that deletions of an ~430 kb region on chromosome Xp11.22 that encompass CENPVL1, CENPVL2, GSPT2 and MAGED1 cause a distinct X-linked syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, developmental delay, hypotonia, joint hypermobility and relative macrocephaly. Loss of GSPT2 and/or MAGED1 function may contribute to the intellectual disability and developmental delay seen in males with these deletions.
“Xp11.22 deletions encompassing CENPVL1, CENPVL2, MAGED1 and GSPT2 as a cause of syndromic X-linked intellectual disability” by Christina Grau, Molly Starkovich, Mahshid S. Azamian, Fan Xia, Sau Wai Cheung, Patricia Evans, Alex Henderson, Seema R. Lalani, and Daryl A. Scott in PLOS ONE. Published online April 17 2017 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175962
|
<urn:uuid:286849c1-b7a2-46ba-b662-c6b60151fc22>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-39
|
http://neurosciencenews.com/x-chromosome-medicine-6428/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818687833.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20170921153438-20170921173438-00537.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.941606 | 1,715 | 2.890625 | 3 |
I have been reading a lot of history and biography in recent weeks, from books on the history of Mormonism to books portraying characters as diverse as Abraham Lincoln and Queen Elizabeth II. One thing that has stood out to me in my reading is how seldom unbelieving authors accurately portray the beliefs of Christians. I read only some of Mary Rubio’s Lucy Maud Montgomery: The Gift of Wings (a fitting read while on Prince Edward Island) before coming across this quote:
The Presbyterian church was located in the centre of the community, on land provided by Maud’s Mcneill clan. The Presbyterian Church was organized democratically, with power resting at the local level: historically, in Scotland, it had been a hothouse of violent internal feuds. Indeed, in Cavendish, there was also a Baptist church–founded by disgruntled Presbyterians–at the other end of the village. Serious doctrinal differences divided the two churches. The Baptists believed in salvation from sin by the ritual of immersion and public confession. Presbyterians thought sinful man could not achieve salvation so easily: many still believed in “Predestination,” the doctrine holding that man was inherently sinful, and only God determined who would be “saved.” These “Elect” (the “chosen ones”) were believed to be picked by an omnipotent God’s arbitrary will and pleasure–not necessarily by their good deeds in life. Still, children were taught to behave themselves, as there was no point in taking chances. Bad behavior suggested exclusion from the “Elect.”
I hardly know where to begin! Rubio is a lifelong scholar and student of her subject’s life, yet she could hardly have packed more mistakes into such a small paragraph. I suppose you might say that Presbyterian churches are “organized democratically” and you might say that “power rests at the local level,” but that requires some degree of nuance since Presbyterian churches are not independent and the quote suggests. Baptists do not believe in salvation by immersion and confession and, in fact, are very likely, especially in that day, to believe just what Presbyterians believe about predestination. Speaking of which, no Presbyterian (or Baptist, for that) holds that God chooses his people by “arbitrary will and pleasure.” The word “necessarily” should necessarily be removed when she seems to suggest that some Presbyterians would hold that God chooses on the basis of works. I also doubt too many genuine believers were raising their children to put on a good show because bad childish behavior suggested exclusion from the “Elect.”
This is just one example of the many, many faulty attempts I’ve witnessed.
|
<urn:uuid:049a4f08-0145-4d15-b53d-a6b626021c2a>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-39
|
https://www.challies.com/quotes/an-error-packed-paragraph/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818687740.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170921101029-20170921121029-00271.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.980677 | 563 | 2.59375 | 3 |
risons have evolved through the centuries, moving from being simple holding cells to the punishment itself. In the UK today, the suggestion is that imprisonment is the route to reform for individuals who commit criminal acts. However, the question remains: does prison work? An assumption that the simple imprisonment of an individual away from their community will automatically produce a level of reform is naive. Prisons, it could be said, are communities of their own and humans are remarkable at adaptation.
“We keep those sentenced to prison in custody, helping them lead law-abiding and useful lives, both while they are in prison and after they are released.” – HM Prison Service
Even the feeblest individual will over time develop a method of dealing with their environment when they have no choice. While prison life is generally a very boring and mundane existence, networks form, contacts are made, new skills are gained and lessons are learned.
Prison works to combine all of these which will undoubtedly be taken with them upon release back into society. Add this to a criminal record making employment more difficult and the result is an individual with a battle on their hands to stay on the straight and narrow. Certainly, there are instances where individuals have spent so much time in prison they have become institutionalized. They find life on the ‘outside’ very difficult to manage. Back within society, they have to make their own decisions and fend for themselves.
There is no set routine, no three meals a day and no one to tell them what to do and when. For this reason, many lifetime offenders fail out with prison walls and actively seek to return to prison life, where it is familiar and guaranteed.
Prison, therefore, does not work to encourage some offenders to rejoin a functioning society. The view that prison will equal reform has developed over centuries of society trying to deal with criminality and issue appropriate corrections as punishment. In the 16th and 17th centuries, prisons were used as secure units to house criminals before acts of punishment and humiliation were carried out, usually hanging for the most serious of crimes.
The conditions in holding cells were harsh, often unsanitary and poorly managed meaning many criminals died from disease before facing their punishment. During these times, punishments were public displays to show the consequences of criminal activity in order to deter others.
History of the Prison System
During the 18th century, society began struggling with the idea of public executions. Juries were becoming reluctant to convict individuals of the types of crime which would result in this punishment. The idea of ‘correction’ rather than just punishment became more popular and a gradual shift towards prisons housing criminals and punishing them through hard labor became more appealing.
This was also the time where the ideas of prison reform and rehabilitation started to emerge in a more serious light. The idea of using imprisonment as a vehicle to reform rather than just punishment is not a new one. Rehabilitation can be traced to ancient Greek philosophy when imprisonment was used as a penalty for unpaid fines handed down due to unacceptable behavior. Over time due to a wide-spread inability for people to pay fines at all, sentences of lengths of time were introduced. Reform itself often came from religious ideas of crime being a sin and prison should be a place to teach proper and acceptable behavior. Under this view, prisons should be humane and focus on moral learning and modifying of behavior to ensure release back into society was smooth and beneficial for all.
Figures from the Prison Reform Trust in 2013 state that in the UK 47% of adults who were released from prison re-offended and were re-convicted within one year and re-conviction figures increased further for those who were serving short sentences of less than 12 months (58%) and those under the age of 18 years (73%).
Research studies, such as those reported by Hedderman in the Handbook of Probation (2007), have indicated that re-offending rates have increased alongside the increase in prison population, suggesting the continued and increasing use of custodial sentences is becoming less effective. Moreover, a large-scale study published by Marsh et al in 2009 found no evidence for prison alone reducing re-offending. They found that alternative strategies, including substance misuse treatment and monitoring, were more effective. Evidence to date is not conclusive, however, information is building suggesting that simple incarceration of offenders in prison, does not work to solve crime and is not acting as a deterrent to existing offenders or new offenders.
This, of course, doesn’t mean that prisons and corrections do not have an important role to play in criminal justice. If an individual commits a crime, breaks the law that has been set by this country, there should indeed be consequences. Difficulties and hardships faced by offenders upon their release could be said to be their own making and some will have little sympathy. Furthermore, there is the issue of justice for the victims of the crime and suitable punishment for those who have committed that crime and prison does work for that purpose.
The UK does not have sentences which commit an individual to prison for the rest of their natural lives. An average ‘life’ sentence for the UK means 13 – 16 years, therefore most offenders will be released at some point and be expected to reintegrate back into society. The problem is whether current practices are simply creating a cycle for many offenders which is of no benefit to them or to the communities they are released back into. How does prison work in the long-term?
The question has to be asked; if there were more opportunities for those released from prison for employment, treatment, and support, would this decrease the re-offending rate and prevent this cycling culture?
Alternatives To Prison
A big factor in such a drive for alternatives is cost and the dramatic increase in revenue required to continue to house, feed and contain an ever-growing prison population.
According to the Prison Reform Trust:
- A prison place in England and Wales cost, on average, £37,648 in 2011-2012
- Re-offending during 20087-2008 cost the economy between £9.5 and £13 billion
Community-based services are becoming an increasingly popular option in addressing this issue. Recent years have seen an increase in initiatives aimed to support and prepare offenders before release such as the Samaritans Listener Scheme in 2011 and the National Grid led offender training and employment programme.
The National Offender Management Service has reported that community sentences resulted in an 8% improvement in re-offending rates with a year when compared to custodial sentences of less than 12 months.
Prisons have evolved from dark solitary enclosures designed to hold criminals before punishment, to modern-day compounds capable of housing multiple prisoners under humane conditions. This development has come from a change in attitude in how to effectively and appropriately deal with criminality in our society. Not everybody accepts capital punishment as an appropriate consequence for crime. Public executions and hard labor are a thing of the past in the UK, replaced by ideas of prison reform and rehabilitation through teaching, guidance, and experience.
The soaring costs of operating prisons, particularly with such increasing prison populations are demanding change and a consideration of alternatives. Substance misuse and mental health are now recognized as significant issues which cannot be solved by incarceration alone. Addressing the cycle of crime evident through re-offending while adopting suitable punishment acceptable as justice is a challenge our society is still struggling to meet.
|
<urn:uuid:546e58a6-ef2f-4e3c-95a7-cf9268f7e714>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-16
|
https://www.crimetraveller.org/2015/06/does-prison-work/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371886991.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20200410043735-20200410074235-00335.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.976709 | 1,507 | 3.390625 | 3 |
A thorough understanding of the width of different elements in a mix is a crucial skill for any producer wanting to create huge, wide-sounding tracks that will translate onto any sound system. On this course by Producertech Senior Tutor Rob Jones, you'll be armed you with all the knowledge you need to achieve this, whether through basic panning and application of various effects, more complex adjustment of phase and frequency, or independent processing of mid and side signals, both on individual sounds, return tracks and the master bus.
Each module discusses a different area of stereo mixing, with in-depth explanations of every technique and examples of how to apply them to drums, synthesisers, vocals and other instruments. Once a multitude of techniques have been thoroughly explored, there are 3 bonus lessons, including a lengthy tutorial that puts everything into practice whilst mixing an actual track. Throughout the tutorials, various Effects Racks are made, which come bundled with the course, so students not only learn about the inner workings of these advanced effects setups but also have instant presets to load up and apply to their mixes.
Alongside the streamed video lessons, accessible on any online devices, students can also download comprehensive written notes that accompany each module, featuring clear explanations to aid with the learning process. With feedback and assistance always available via the Producertech website, this course will truly take your stereo mixing abilities to the next level. For more information and to see an example of the course content, check out the sample module movie, featured below:
Module 1: Panning and the Utility Effect
Beginning with an explanation of what the stereo width of a signal is, this module then goes on to demonstrate how panning can be used to achieve a wider signal. The lesson also shows how the utility effect can be used to gain greater control over mid and side signals.
Module 2: Delay
This lesson shows how simple delay, ping pong delay, and filter delay can all be used to widen a signal.
Module 3: Chorus
This lesson shows how the chorus effect can be used to generate stereo width, and how this can be shaped by a filter to clean up the mix.
Module 4: Reverb
The module begins with a guide on using utility to check the processing on samples. Then, Live's reverb effect is explored, with each parameter's effect on the stereo width of a signal clearly demonstrated.
Module 5: Detuning
The effect of detuning on stereo width is explored in detail, and there is a guide on detuning a synth patch to thicken it, as well some tips on detuning a vocal sample to widen it.
Module 6: Adjusting Phase
There is an explanation of what phase is, and its impact on a signal. Then, the module teaches how to adjust the phase of a signal using the utility effect.
Module 7: Mid/Side EQ
This lesson teaches how to EQ left and right, and mid and side signals differently to increase the width of a signal.
Module 8: Other Mid/Side Processing
A variety of other effects used to process the side signal are demonstrated, including compression, frequency shifter and grain delay.
Module 9: Rack Presets
This lesson goes though the effect racks built throughout the course so far, and shows how to use them in Live.
Bonus Module 1: Building a Chorus Rack
A step by step guide to constructing a fully customisable chorus rack using simple delay and other live devices.
Bonus Module 2: Stereo Plugins
A brief look at some 3rd party stereo width plugins.
Bonus Module 3: Putting it all Together
A detailed look at the stereo considerations of individual tracks, return tracks and the master channel in a real life mixdown scenario.
|
<urn:uuid:c2506b39-ac2a-43ec-b761-9812ac3abf7a>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-30
|
http://www.loopmasters.com/products/4139-Complete-Guide-to-Stereo-Width-By-Rob-Jones
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549424239.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170723022719-20170723042719-00082.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.887544 | 761 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Protease inhibitors are biological or chemical compounds that function by reversibly or irreversibly binding to the protease. Many naturally occurring protease inhibitors are proteins. Protease inhibitors may be classified either by the type of protease they inhibit, or by their mechanism of action.
Metalloprotease inhibitors are cellular inhibitors of the Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MMPs belong to a family of zinc-dependent neutral endopeptidases. These enzymes have the ability to break down connective tissue. Due to the role of MMPs in pathological conditions, inhibitors of MMPs may have therapeutic potential. MMP inhibitors can broadly be subdivided into non-synthetic (e.g. endogenous) or synthetic. Several potent MMP inhibitors have been identified, including hydroxymates, thiols, carbamoylphosphonates, hydroxyureas, hydrazines, β-lactams, squaric acids and nitrogenous ligands.
Serpins are a superfamily of proteins with similar structures that were first identified for their protease inhibition activity and are found in all kingdoms of life. The acronym serpin was originally coined because the first serpins to be identified act on chymotrypsin-like serine proteases (serine protease inhibitors). Protease inhibition by serpins controls an array of biological processes, including coagulation and inflammation, and consequently these proteins are the target of medical research. Serpin polymerisation not only reduces the amount of active inhibitor, but also leads to accumulation of the polymers, causing cell death and organ failure.
|
<urn:uuid:c1bf9d32-0dd9-4627-8aff-e212bab51834>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-10
|
https://jp.sinobiological.com/protease-inhibitors-enzyme.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145648.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20200222023815-20200222053815-00257.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.949262 | 338 | 3.015625 | 3 |
I remember my surprise when I realized that many of the behavioral characteristics associated with autism are also associated with hidden hearing loss and visual processing difficulties. Since anybody can experience hearing loss, you may recognize some of these behavioral characteristics in yourself.
Behaviors like expressive speech difficulties or vision that blurs are commonly found in all ages with a diagnosis of autism. Thus, I asked myself, “When there is a diagnosis of autism, do you have a high risk of atypical, hidden hearing loss and visual processing difficulties? According to researchers, yes!
The good news is that Auditory Integration Training improves sound tolerance. Thus, my past clients who needed hearing aids but had sound intolerance were able to successfully transition into hearing aids.
A Typical Hearing Test Can Fail to Identify Hidden Hearing Loss in Those Diagnosed with Autism
Expressive Speech Difficulties in Hidden Hearing Loss
During Auditory Integration Training, I saw improvements in my clients’ ability to express themselves, to say what they wanted to say. However, after Auditory Integration Training some clients began to struggle to express themselves again. They also continued to experience sound intolerance. These clients exhibited a weak response to Auditory Integration Training.
Thus, I began collaborating with audiologists to help parents and adults request additional hearing tests. Sometimes, additional hearing tests revealed a hidden hearing loss showing the need for hearing aids. Once the hearing system consistently received sound energy stimulation from hearing aids, these clients made wonderful progress.
Temporary Hearing Loss Occurs in Those with Autism
Toddlers, preschoolers, and children with autism can experience temporary hearing loss from ear infections or enlarged adenoids. Both trap fluid in the middle ear distorting sounds. In fact, there are more than 5 Surprising Reasons that Hearing Loss Begins. Temporary hearing loss can occur in anybody, including those with a diagnosis of autism with hidden hearing loss.
While yes, many behaviors are associated with a label or attributed to personality. I challenge you to consider the meaning behind those behaviors. When there is a lack of speech or expressive speech difficulties commonly seen in all ages of those with autism, the additional challenge of understanding the meaning of behaviors feels overwhelming. Imagine what your loved one is experiencing while listening to distorted speech.
Temporary Hearing Loss Distorts Speech
Poor ear, nose and throat health can distort speech sounds, muffle hearing, and create sound intolerance. This is very frustrating when ear health comes and goes.
Have you ever played The Listening Game while holding your breath underwater? If so, you were listening to distorted speech. When I played this game, I rarely knew what the other person was saying.
A child’s developing brain cannot rely on past experiences and knowledge. A sentence missing a word or two is confusing. Consistently not hearing a vowel sound results in words being misspoken. Mild hearing loss creates feelings of frustration and anger. It is not your intelligence; it is your hearing.
Food Allergies & Sensitivities Reduce Hearing
There are six foods known to contribute to poor ear health. Client’s food allergy testing often confirmed the presence of food allergies and sensitivities. Inflammation in eustachian tubes can result in a temporary hearing loss. Once I shared my gluten and milk free recipes and how to eliminate allergens, I was amazed by how quickly clients began to express themselves more easily. Then, these clients experienced greater benefits from their second Auditory Integration Training Program.
A Hearing Evaluation for Everyone with Autism
Good news! Hearing evaluations are possible for everyone to complete. Lack of speech is not a barrier to a hearing evaluation. I work with you and your loved one using activities to help you prepare to complete a hearing evaluation with confidence. Even my adult clients benefit from these activities. Knowing what to expect improves the accuracy of your responses during your hearing evaluation and lowers your anxiety.
Hearing Aids Benefit Those with Autism
Hearing aids benefit those with and without severe sound intolerance. If your hearing evaluation finds typical hearing loss and/or hidden hearing loss, I work with you and your audiologist. Together we create an intervention plan to improve sound tolerance.
Since hearing loss contributes to the development of sound intolerance, clients benefit from hearing aids that suppress competing background speech and noise. When there is significant sound intolerance, your hearing system is weak making it more difficult to adjust to hearing aids. This makes it even more important to first complete five to ten days of Auditory Integration Training after your hearing evaluation.
I use your hearing evaluation results to personalize your Auditory Integration Training Program. Past clients successfully transitioned into hearing aids. Once your hearing improves, you also need help improving auditory processing skills like auditory memory, listening, and expressive speech. Auditory Integration Training improves your tolerance to sounds and strengthens your auditory system. Software programs like Hear Builder improve auditory processing skills.
Roger Focused FM System Helps Those with Autism
In 2014, the Hearing Review shared that researchers found benefits when students used a Roger Focused FM System, a hearing aid with an amplification system. Students with a diagnosis of autism, ADHD, or a hidden hearing loss like Central Auditory Processing Deficits shared that they:
Hidden Hearing Loss Related Behaviors Communicate Needs
Hidden hearing loss related behaviors are a form of communication, non-verbal communication. They tell us about ourselves and others.
When a child with autism is frustrated by their inability to communicate their needs and wants, it makes sense for them to have a complete meltdown. It also makes sense that home is a safe place to let go after a full day of feeling overstimulation from sounds and working to listen. They no longer have to cope. Explore ways with your loved ones to find a healthy way of releasing their inner stress.
An example of a mild hearing loss coping behavior is repeating what you just heard, echolalia. In preschoolers younger than three years of age, echolalia helps them develop speech. When it is not outgrown, repeating what you just heard helps you check for understanding. It also gives you more time to think before responding.
Repeating what you hear also sends stronger sound energy to your brain’s speech center than just listening. When you speak, your voice should stimulate your right ear more strongly than your left ear. Enjoy the activity in this video to learn if your voice strongly stimulates your right ear helping you speak fluently and say what you want to say.
Hearing Loss is NOT Deafness Even with an Autism Diagnosis and Lack of Speech
Do you assume that expressive speech difficulties or even lack of speech are simply due to an autism diagnosis or another diagnosis? Behavioral characteristics of mild hearing loss are clues you need to complete a Moore Auditory-Visual Questionnaire.
A Moore Auditory-Visual Questionnaire asks questions associated with hearing loss, sound intolerance, auditory processing skills, and visual processing difficulties. Follow-up questions help you share the intensity of the behaviors to communicate more clearly what you experience every day.
If you reply, Yes, to even one of the questions about yourself or a loved one, I encourage you to complete a Moore Auditory-Visual Questionnaire. Or learn more by scheduling a free phone consultation.
Auditory Behavioral Characteristics:
- While listening, do you feel you must interrupt?
- When interrupted while talking, do you forget what you were going to say?
- Do you do most of the talking during a conversation?
- Do you turn the TV up so loud it is uncomfortable for others?
- To understand directions, do you watch others?
- Do you talk in a monotone, flat voice?
- Do you repeat what you heard to check for understanding?
- Is one-on-one help needed to understand directions?
- After listening to directions, do you ask others to repeat the directions?
- If others begin to talk in the same room when you are already talking with someone, do you become upset?
- Do you complain about noise tolerated by others?
- When spoken to from behind, do you startle?
Are you still unsure if you should complete a Moore Auditory-Visual Questionnaire? If so, learn what to observe and how to observe by purchasing a Moore Auditory Observation Activity Booklet. Enjoy games that strengthen auditory processing skills.
I encourage you, parents, spouses, and loved ones to be kind to yourself. You are seeking answers. Support is available through a FREE phone consultation.
Hidden Hearing Loss in Autism Affects Self-Control
When hearing loss that may even be hidden exists versus deafness, the cost to your loved one’s emotional health is significant. Family members and friends are unaware of the full impact of mild hearing loss in children with a diagnosis of autism. It is difficult to know which behaviors help the child with hearing loss cope with everyday challenges. Versus, chosen behaviors are typically seen in children trying to manipulate others for something they want.
One of the greatest benefits of completing a Moore Auditory-Visual Questionnaire is its impact on relationships. You will learn to discern the difference between coping behaviors and behaviors that are manipulative. Each question opens the door to communication. Each pre-questionnaire observation activity helps you look at your loved one’s behaviors with a new perspective.
Your Moore Auditory-Visual Questionnaire Report shares the intensity of behaviors associated with sound intolerance, hearing loss, auditory processing, and visual processing difficulties.
- When do you …?
- How often do you … each week?
- What are emotional responses?
- Describe …
Resources Improving Communication
Here are three resource videos about sign language:
- Ha, S., Sohn, I. J., Kim, N., Sim, H. J., & Cheon, K. A. (2015). Characteristics of Brains in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Structure, Function and Connectivity across the Lifespan. Experimental neurobiology, 24(4), 273–284. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4688328/
- Wan, C. Y., & Schlaug, G. (2010). Neural pathways for language in autism: the potential for music-based treatments. Future neurology, 5(6), 797–805. https://doi.org/10.2217/fnl.10.55
|
<urn:uuid:fa96539d-3aa7-4345-995f-61f4f4a3963f>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-23
|
https://www.mooreauditorytraining.com/autism-a-high-risk-for-hidden-hearing-loss/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224653930.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20230607143116-20230607173116-00303.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.937464 | 2,133 | 2.71875 | 3 |
By Namrata Rana
The tragedy of India’s water scarcity is that it could have been averted. Constant growing population, absence of adequate water legislation and poor management have led to significant shortages in rural and urban India. The subject of sanitation (mainly toilets) and hygiene is at the centre stage of the development effort and is receiving a huge thrust from the highest echelons of decision making in the country.
Corporate India, backed by the new CSR law could step in to contribute positively in this area. We spoke to Toolika Ojha who earlier worked with UK based WaterAid to understand how this could be done.
According to Toolika, the govt. response to water scarcity in rural areas is that of setting up of hand pumps or jet pumps. In urban areas the response is similar, in addition to the ubiquitous water tankers. Universalization of service rather than quality of service has been the mainstay in both rural and urban areas. With respect to hygiene and sanitation too, mere setting up of facilities is not important but a larger thrust is needed on behaviour change.
She says that private companies can supplement efforts in providing water hygiene and sanitation to all. Some of the possible ways could be:
1. Supporting the Municipal Corporation or the Civic agency in water provisioning in urban areas. This is an area where corporate partaking can help organize and streamline the service provision, as this sector currently has no. of unorganized private players (contractors, water tankers etc.) and the quality of drinking water supplied leaves a lot to be desired. Corporates could help build physical infrastructure or assist in metering/billing given the renewed focus on digitization of urban services, a core idea in smart cities of the future.
2. Big ticket initiatives like provisioning of piped water in rural areas. This involves corporates participating in setting up physical infrastructure in PPP mode along with the community, local self-government/panchayat as well as the Block Development Office (undertaking metering and billing as it requires sustained involvement).
3. Similarly, construction and maintenance of sanitation facilities like toilets which are grossly inadequate in slums, is being increasingly focused upon by the government, with preference being given to individual household (HH) toilets over community toilets, wherever possible. Corporates could help Civic Agency in designing eco-friendly low cost toilets, in addition to contributing to physical infrastructure. They may have to engage with local NGOs as well; as complex Issues like maintenance and behavior change, crucial to the success of such initiatives, require an agency with abiding interest like a community based organization.
4. Undertaking Hygiene campaigns , an example being the Hand washing campaign held in schools in Delhi, which was supported by a large MNC in collaboration with Ministry of Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation (GOI ). Education and sensitization campaigns being very visible and popular, especially if targeted towards children are effective tool in ushering desired change.
5. Corporates can help in Solid waste Management (SWM) in urban agglomerates; contributing to collection and segregation of solid waste with the aid of rag pickers. This sector also has many private players, largely unorganized. Development of Environment friendly landfills, or developing the land over landfills as a green zone shall hugely improve the quality of health and hygiene experienced by city dwellers.
The CSR initiatives if aligned or dovetailed with the core areas of the company can not only benefit the community but also the company, in a more concrete fashion. Contributing to burning issues that are currently being pursued by the state and its agencies, deepen the effort undertaken, besides adding to the brand value of the company.
|
<urn:uuid:3a144a06-332c-46c4-ad1a-0972c638a9ba>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-30
|
http://blogs.economictimes.indiatimes.com/ResponsibleFuture/tackling-the-water-sanitation-and-hygiene-wash-challenge-via-csr/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549448146.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20170728083322-20170728103322-00307.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.956141 | 758 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Indoor air pollutants come from many sources, including:
building materials (including fittings and flooring)
furniture and furnishings
consumer products, including household and personal care products
activities such as cooking and smoking
biological sources, including mould, house dust mites, bacteria, pests and pet dander.
Exposure to indoor air pollutants including, for example, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, particulates, biological agents and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), is widespread and can cause respiratory and other conditions, and premature death in some people. Asthma is a common respiratory condition, with over 5 million people receiving treatment for it in the UK. Indoor air pollutants such as dust mite allergens, nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter are small enough to get into the lungs, making the airways inflamed and swollen. This can exacerbate asthma symptoms and trigger asthma attacks.
It is best practice to reduce pollutant sources and reduce emissions as much as possible, especially for those who are more vulnerable to health problems caused by poor indoor air quality. This includes children and people with respiratory and cardiovascular conditions (Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants guidance on the health effects of air pollutants).
Usually the most effective way to deal with indoor pollutants is to either remove the source or reduce emissions from it. If these are not possible, the pollutant can be diluted by ventilation (for example, opening windows) to reduce exposure. But outdoor pollutants also enter through windows or gaps in the structure and are a significant contributor to indoor air quality, particularly in deprived areas (see the government's clean air strategy 2019). NICE has also produced a guideline on outdoor air pollution.
This guideline covers the whole population. But special consideration has been given to those at increased risk of exposure to or adverse effects from poor indoor air quality.
|
<urn:uuid:9aa0e977-3f57-4195-b8c5-0d7f406c76c0>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-16
|
https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng149/chapter/Context
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370505826.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20200401161832-20200401191832-00009.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.939611 | 378 | 3.90625 | 4 |
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- Misenus was a friend of Odysseus.
- Misenus was a character in Virgil's epic poem the Aeneid. He was a brother-in-arms of Hector and, after Hector's death, Aeneas' trumpeter. In Book VI, it is revealed that he had challenged the gods to a musical contest on the conch shell, and for his impudence was drowned by Triton. Aeneas was told by the Cumaean Sibyl at that time that Misenus's body had to be buried before he could enter the Underworld. The passage detailing the funeral rites gives a valuable insight into Roman burial customs and the importance the Romans placed on respect for the dead. It is regarded as the passage of the Aeneid most imitative of the Annales of Ennius. Cape Misenum, near Cumae, is supposedly named for Misenus, as noted in Virgil's Aeneid. His being called Aeolides arose from the legendary connection between the Aeolian and Campanian Cumae.
- Aeneid VI
- Schmitz, Leonhard (1867), "Misenus", in Smith, William, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology 2, p. 1093
|
<urn:uuid:7a8fd894-0d69-4024-bc7f-5efc612a4829>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-35
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misenus
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500829210.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021349-00373-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.959046 | 273 | 3.640625 | 4 |
pyelography (IVP), also known as intravenous urography (IVU), is a procedure to
X-ray the urinary system. The urinary system includes the kidneys, the ‘ureters’
– tubes that connect the two kidneys to the bladder – and the bladder itself. To
make the kidneys and urinary system show up on the X-rays, an injection is given
intravenously (into a vein) of a substance that the kidneys take up from the
blood stream and pass into the urine. This substance, which is called contrast
medium, shows up bright white on the X-ray. By taking several views over a short
period, it is possible to check that both of the kidneys and the urinary system
is functioning normally.
IVP is usually performed to find out whether renal colic (pain
in the back that radiates around the side into the groin) is being caused by
renal stones. IVP can also be used to investigate the cause of infection in the
urinary system, especially if this is recurrent. Sometimes the procedure may be
used to investigate the cause of blood and/or protein in the urine.
Depending on the reason for which it is being performed, IVP
may be undertaken as an inpatient (ie with an overnight stay) or outpatient (day
case) procedure. It takes place in the radiology (X-ray) department of the
hospital. The X-rays are taken with you lying down on a special bed. To be able
to give the injection of contrast medium, a ‘drip’ is put into a vein in the
back of your hand or in the arm. The first picture is taken before the contrast
medium is injected. When the contrast medium is injected by the doctor, you may
have the sensation of warmth or flushing all over. This is normal, and no other
discomfort is involved. A series of X-rays is taken, usually over a period of
less than an hour. At some point you may be asked to go to the toilet to empty
your bladder. Occasionally it may be necessary for you to come back to the
radiology department for a final X-ray the next day.
IVP does not require any special preparations, such as
fasting, before hand. Except in exceptional circumstances, IVP is not carried
out on pregnant women because of the risk of the X-rays to the unborn baby. As
with all X-rays, a woman should tell her doctor if she knows that she is
pregnant or thinks that she might be. You are given a medical gown to wear.
The only serious complication of IVP is an allergic-type
reaction to iodine contained in the contrast medium. If this occurs, it usually
begins as a difficulty in breathing and does so within minutes of the injection.
Reactions to contrast medium are uncommon, but occasionally can be serious, and
may require emergency treatment.
If the IVP is performed as an outpatient procedure, the ‘drip’
is removed and you are able to leave the hospital after an hour or two, when the
series of pictures has been completed. If you are an inpatient, you will be
taken back to the ward to stay overnight.
Apart from drinking plenty of fluids to help clear the
contrast medium from the system, there is no particular aftercare following IVP,
and side effects after the procedure are very rare.
|
<urn:uuid:3e0d6a8a-c2b6-4c22-9521-97633cf2557d>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-48
|
http://www.becomehealthynow.com/exam/rad_intravenous_pyelography.shtml
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163848048/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204133048-00013-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.949754 | 730 | 3.40625 | 3 |
On Wednesday, George W. Bush will announce plans to establish a permanent station on the moon as a step on the way to an eventual manned expedition to Mars. Even before being formally announced, the plan has run into the not-insignificant criticism that its cost will be out of this world. (The first President Bush proposed something similar in 1989, on the 20th anniversary of the Apollo moon landing. His plans, which came with a $400 billion price tag, were swept aside by Congress as being insanely expensive.) Given the likely opposition from Congress,
some are wondering if the younger Bush is more interested in election-year grandeur than the advancement of science.
Although as yet vague on detail, the new plans, officials say, will include gradual changes: a 5 percent jump ($750 million) in NASA's $15.5 billion annual budget, and a general overhaul of NASA -- the phasing out of old programs, like three remaining space shuttle orbiters and the international space station, could potentially free up billions to put into manned trips to the moon and Mars.
So far, the timeline foresees an unmanned mission to the moon later this decade, followed by a return of humans to the moon's surface in the middle of the next. The mission to Mars would follow.
On the face of it, Bush is asking for only small increases in NASAs budget.
But critics argue that because the project will be decades long and only come to fruition long after he is out of office, theres no telling how much it will cost.
Experts say undertakings like this one need the least funding in early planning stages, and the most in later years, when factories are busy turning out the equipment needed for the journey.
With the government heavily committed to defense and homeland security, NASA will be one of the few agencies to receive a spending increase ahead of the rate of inflation.
Bush is no doubt betting that his plans will capture the public's imagination in a way that the International Space Station hasn't. But
Americans are somewhat ambivalent about space spending. A recent AP poll shows that more than half of those asked would prefer money to be spent on domestic problems rather than space exploration. Asked whether they favored the United States expanding the space program the way Bush proposes, people were evenly split, with 48 percent favoring the idea and the same number opposing it.
One argument is that NASA can accomplish just as much, and probably more, through unmanned space exploration than manned. An editorial in the Washington Post points to the latest Mars venture as proof of the scientific value of unmanned journeys, but without nearly the expense of human missions.
Space.com says that the cost of what Bush proposes isnt utter lunacy. They make the case for Bushs call:
"Comparing the value of human spaceflight to the need for jobs or improved healthcare looks at the whole issue of how to spend federal money from an absurd perspective. It's like asking whether schools should offer sports programs or focus entirely on reading, writing and math.
The question of whether to put humans on the Moon and Mars should be viewed strictly in terms of how best to spend a reasonable chunk of science and exploration dollars, not in comparison to other important government programs. All the while NASA's budget must remain reasonable -- not much more than the tiny fraction of overall federal spending that it is today.
The 2004 federal budget is $2.2 trillion. NASA's is $15.5 billion. Reasonable estimates suggest the space agency's share of the pie would need to rise gradually to $20 billion within a few years if footprints are to be made in Martian dust within a generation.
NASA has the money."
Space.com used the estimate of $20 billion to reach Mars, but to some, thats a conservative estimate of how much it will cost. Gregg Easterbrook, of The New Republic, works with the $400 billion estimate that NASA expected a trip to Mars to cost back in 1989. He argues that that's $600 billion in today's money. Add in the proposed moon base, and the plan could easily reach $1 trillion.
The fact is, no one really knows how much it will cost. And price might be a moot, according to some who feel a space station on the Moon will advance scientific knowledge very little. Will Marshall, president of the Progressive Policy Institute, a Democratic research group, says, "The Bush White House is taking its obsession with being bold to new heights. There's no real rationale for a manned space program, much less colonization of the moon, so it's hard not to be cynical and conclude this is the space-age equivalent of bread and circuses."
Easterbrook lays out his objections to the value of a Moon space station:
"What would astronauts at a Moon base do? I haven't the foggiest notion. Note that NASA has not so much as sent a robot probe to the Moon in 30 years, because as far as space-exploration advocates can tell, there is nothing, absolutely nothing, of value to do on the Moon. Geologists are interested in the Moon's formation. If there is ever a fusion reactor to meet the world's energy needs, the "helium three" on the Moon might prove useful, but fusion reactors are decades away from practicality, assuming they ever work. Spending $200 billion on a Moon base that does nothing would be pure, undiluted government waste."
But some scientists argue otherwise. They cite several advantages to a lunar pad: gathering solar energy to be beamed to earth, mining lunar minerals, huge telescopes with a clearer moon from the earth, and the ability for geologists to study rocks blasted from Earth billions of years ago by asteroid impacts.
Skeptics say that for Bush is attempting to look bold and visionary for transparently political reasons. With the State of the Union address approaching and an election less than a year off, Bush wants something to crow about. The Economist writes that Bush may have his eyes on a different prize than space travel and the advancement of science:
"Mr Bush no doubt hopes that launching an exciting, visionary project that invokes Americas pioneer spirit will boost his campaign to be re-elected in Novembers presidential poll.
Since Mr Bushs grand vision may not be shared by the current Congress or future onesor indeed future presidentshis grand announcement this week may not, in the end, amount to anything more than starry-eyed campaign rhetoric. Of course, only an incorrigible sceptic could possibly conclude that Mr Bush knows this perfectly welland intends simply to let the whole thing fade away after it has helped him get re-elected."
|
<urn:uuid:8c445efb-2d33-4ea8-b5cc-ca9eeded1e74>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-10
|
http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2004/01/fiscal-frontier
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1393999645422/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305060725-00069-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.951913 | 1,360 | 2.84375 | 3 |
The Harlem Renaissance: a Selective Guide to Materials
in the British Library
The rich surge in African American arts and letters that took place in 1920s was not limited to Harlem, nor even to New York City. However, the intensity of the movement in that city, and the sheer number of black writers, musicians, and scholars who lived and worked in Harlem has ensured that it is forever linked with the era.
Today most historians recognise 1917 as the year in which the Harlem Renaissance began. Three events occurred that help to justify this choice. First was the publication of two poems by Claude McKay in Seven Arts, the first work by a black writer to appear under a white imprimatur since Paul Lawrence Dunbar's dialect pieces twenty years before. Second was the opening on Broadway of three plays about black life by a white writer, Ridgely Torrence. These plays were remarkable not only because they were performed by black artists but because they contained none of the usual racial stereotypes. Finally, on 28 July Harlem experienced its first Silent Parade when some ten to fifteen thousand blacks marched down Fifth Avenue to protest against continued racial inequities. Eighteen years later, in the grip of the Great Depression, the first race riot erupted in Harlem and it is this year, 1935, that is generally regarded as marking the end of the Renaissance.
To understand the Harlem Renaissance it is necessary to appreciate both the changes that occurred within the African American community and the cultural shifts that took place in American society as a whole during the 1920s. For blacks the years during and after World War I were ones of increased militancy and racial pride: Marcus Garvey was vigorously promoting his "Back to Africa" movement, A. Philip Randolph was struggling to organise black workers and a national campaign was actively promoting federal antilynching legislation. Although white society did not take these political movements particularly seriously, it did give considerable recognition to the large number of black writers, musicians and scholars who were emerging simultaneously. The majority of these figures, Countee Cullen, James Weldon Johnson, Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, Wallace Thurman, Jean Toomer, and Jessie Fauset lived in Harlem and Langston Hughes described the area as a "great magnet for the Negro intellectual, pulling him from everywhere." Yet Harlem was a magnet not only for blacks, but also for whites eager to experience for themselves the glamour and escapism that its night-clubs seemed to promise. In many ways Harlem became a national symbol of the Jazz Age, a complete antithesis of Main Street and everything that the artists and cultural critics of the 1920s rejected.
Many observers, black and white, hoped that this outburst of literary and artistic talent would help to ensure greater acceptance of blacks by American society. Indeed some of the writers and musicians themselves shared James Weldon Johnson's belief that "nothing can go farther to destroy race prejudice than the recognition of the Negro as a creator and contributor to American civilization." In retrospect however it appears that acceptance of "the New Negro" was far from widespread, and some critics have argued that it was limited to those individuals who also enthusiastically embraced the New Psychology, New Humanism, New Poetry and New Morality of the era. Not only was the interest limited but it was also short-lived. As the Great Depression took hold of the nation, so Harlem's clubs and theatres closed, its literary magazines folded and even its best writers were hardpressed to find an audience.
Almost as suddenly as it had blossomed, Harlem declined into an urban ghetto neglected by outsiders and offering little to its residents. For over thirty years its Renaissance seems to have been all but forgotten. Then, in 1967, the New York Public Library published The Negro in New York, a series of manuscripts prepared by the Federal Writers Project and housed in the Schomburg Collection of the Harlem branch of the Library. The interest in this publication was enormous, and the wealth of information contained in the collection has ensured that it is still being mined by students and scholars today.
At the British Library the Harlem Renaissance is well documented. This
guide to its materials is divided into two parts. The first parts acts
as a dictionary of the poets, playwrights, novelists, musicians, actors,
and others who created the Renaissance, and here the reader will find
not only works by these individuals but also about them. The second
part of the guide lists general works of use to students of the Renaissance.
In both parts the entries are mainly based upon the Library's catalogue
entries and the shelf-marks are given at the end of each entry.
The Harlem Renaissance (PDF format), 467KB
|
<urn:uuid:dda5cc5f-3771-4910-a808-63299aa0db4d>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-23
|
http://www.bl.uk/eccles/harlren.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1405997894151.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025814-00178-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.974898 | 949 | 3.765625 | 4 |
THE rails carrying China's showcase high-altitude train to Tibet began sinking into melting permafrost within months of its triumphant opening two years ago.
This was no mere technical setback for a pioneering engineering feat; for Beijing, it was essential for the Qinghai-Lhasa railway to function perfectly because it was a political project.
Conceived a century ago by Sun Yat-sen, the father of the revolution, the point of finally realising his near-impossible and hugely expensive dream was to set the final seal on China's benevolent "embrace" of Tibet.
That official narrative of unity and harmony between China and Tibet, exposed to the world as a sham as anti-Chinese resentment boils over in Tibetan monasteries and towns far across western China, is vitally important to Beijing for two reasons.
The first is that China has never really been able to control Tibet.
China's rulers have always felt the need to do so because Tibet's vast expanses command China's western flank and its borders with India, and also because of the huge influence of Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia and throughout the northern border regions beyond the Great Wall.
Tibet has been a thorn in China's side ever since the Tang dynasty, when the two fought for two centuries before concluding, in 821, a treaty that, invoking the heavenly bodies, established "a great era when Tibetans shall be happy in Tibet and Chinese shall be happy in China".
That has never quite been the case. When the last imperial dynasty collapsed in 1911, Tibet swiftly declared independence. One of Mao's first acts after 1949 was to beat Tibet into line.
The second reason why Beijing needs Tibet to be convincingly pacified is ideological.
For many people, China has become an easier and freer place to live over the past 20 years, but it remains the case that the Communist Party cannot tolerate any belief system that even implicitly challenges its monopoly over "right thinking".
This is even more true today than it was, because with the demise of Maoism and, now, the jettisoning of Marxist-Leninism, the party lacks a belief system of its own to buttress its legitimacy.
Hence the party's pathological persecution of the eccentric but harmless Falun Gong religious sect and its increasingly harsh control of religious practice in Tibet, where Zhang Qingli, the Tibet party secretary sent there two years ago by President Hu Jintao, declared on his arrival a "fight-to-the-death struggle"' against the Dalai Lama.
The Chinese are paranoid about the Dalai Lama for essentially the same reasons that the rest of the world respects him: as the humbly persuasive spiritual leader of a religion whose lack of temporal power diminishes in no way the loyalty and love he commands.
He is the main reason why China's methods of ethnic colonisation, effective with other minorities, have failed in Tibet.
Not only is Tibetan culture too far removed from Chinese for assimilation to be feasible; it revolves around religious loyalties that the state cannot reach.
Because the Dalai Lama is at the centre of these loyalties, Beijing considers him a dangerously subversive political agitator.
They are appalled that he only has to make an address far away in India and his people obey; as when he advised Tibetans to stop wearing fur to save wild animals from extinction, and people rushed out to join public fur burnings.
Two years ago, rumours that he was returning swept Qinghai province and overnight thousands headed for the great monastery at Kumbum to greet him. To Beijing, this confirms what a danger he is.
The Dalai Lama talks about the Tibet problem in terms of "the identity of a people".
On this, Beijing agrees. It can end resistance in Tibet only by destroying Tibetan identity. It is deliberately swamping the population with Han Chinese and other immigrants, imposing "patriotic education" and Chinese-language qualifications for jobs, and stifling - other than as tourist exhibits - Tibet's customs.
The Dalai Lama seeks for Tibetans the autonomy to which they are lawfully entitled as an autonomous region of China.
But that would up-end Beijing's strategy. That is why China's leaders accuse him of inciting Tibetans to challenge, they say, the "stability of the state".
The first tumbrels rolled through Lhasa on Monday, hours before the deadline for "criminals" to turn themselves in or be hunted down, parading handcuffed prisoners with their heads forced down by soldiers.
Troops are in the neighbouring provinces of Sichuan, Gansu and Qinghai. Foreigners are being bundled out of Lhasa.
But Beijing will not keep the crackdown entirely secret. This is not only because it cannot, but because smashing dissent in Tibet would warn off the many other dissidents - farmers, migrants, the unemployed - tempted to try their Olympics-year luck.
Inside China, cracking heads in Tibet has up to now been pretty risk-free; few Chinese, shamefully, have much sympathy for Tibetans.
China's leaders are gambling that foreign protests will subside, as they have over Burma, in time to avert Olympic boycotts.
Have they guessed wrong? I remember Percy Cradock, then Margaret Thatcher's foreign policy adviser, sitting in Downing Street murmuring "when the dust has settled" when it was fresh blood, not dust, they were scraping off around Tiananmen Square.
To say "nothing must wreck the Olympics" after this would be much the same thing.
|
<urn:uuid:97958fb9-4bc9-4952-b445-41c2deeb4081>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-34
|
http://boycott2008games.blogspot.com/2008/03/party-lacks-belief-system-to-challenge.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886103891.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170817170613-20170817190613-00695.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.957066 | 1,135 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Help support New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download. Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more all for only $19.99...
James II, having reached the climax of his power after the successful suppression of Monmouth's rebellion in 1685, then had the Tory reaction in his favour, complete control over Parliament and the town corporations, a regular army in England, a thoroughly Catholic army in process of formation in Ireland, and a large revenue granted by Parliament for life. His policy was to govern England as absolute monarch and to restore Catholics to their full civil and religious rights. Unfortunately, both prudence and statesmanship were lacking, with the result that in three years the king lost his throne. The history of the Revolution resolves itself into a catalogue of various ill-judged measures which alienated the support of the Established Church, the Tory party, and the nation as a whole. The execution of Monmouth (July, 1685) made the Revolution possible, for it led to the Whig party accepting William of Orange as the natural champion of Protestantism against the attempts of James. Thus the opposition gained a centre round which it consolidated with ever-increasing force.
What the Catholics as a body desired was freedom of worship and the repeal of the penal laws; but a small section of them, desirous of political power, aimed chiefly at the repeal of the Test Act of 1673 and the Act of 1678 which excluded Catholics from both houses of Parliament. Unfortunately James fell under the influence of this section, which was directed by the unprincipled Earl of Sunderland, and he decided on a policy of repeal of the Test Act. Circumstances had caused this question to be closely bound up with that of the army. For James, who placed his chief reliance on his soldiers, had increased the standing army to 30,000, 13,000 of whom, partly officered by Catholics, were encamped on Hounslow Heath to the great indignation of London which regarded the camp as a menace to its liberties and a centre of disorder. Parliament demanded that the army should be reduced to normal dimensions and the Catholic officers dismissed; but James, realizing that the test would not be repealed, prorogued Parliament and proceeded to exercise the "dispensing and suspending power". By this he claimed that it was the prerogative of the crown to dispense with the execution of the penal laws in individual cases and to suspend the operation of any law altogether. To obtain the sanction of the Law Courts for this doctrine a test case, known as Hales's case, was brought to decide whether the king could allow a Catholic to hold office in the army without complying with the Test Act. After James had replaced some of the judges by more complaisant lawyers, he obtained a decision that "it was of the king's prerogative to dispense with penal laws in particular instances". He acted on the decision by appointing Catholics to various positions, Lord Tyrconnel becoming Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Lord Arundel Lord Privy Seal, and Lord Bellasyse Lord Treasurer in place of the Tory minister Lord Rochester, who was regarded as the chief mainstay of the Established Church. The Church of England, which was rendered uneasy by the dismissal of Rochester, was further alienated by the king's action in appointing a Court of High Commission, which suspended the Bishop of London for refusing to inhibit one of his clergy from preaching anti-Catholic sermons. The feeling was intensified by the liberty which Catholics enjoyed in London during 1686. Public chapels were opened, including one in the Royal Palace, the Jesuits founded a large school in the Savoy, and Catholic ecclesiastics appeared openly at Court.
At this juncture James, desiring to counterbalance the loss of Anglican support, offered toleration to the dissenters, who at the beginning of his reign had been severely persecuted. The influence of William Penn induced the king to issue on 4 April, 1687, the Declaration of Indulgence, by which liberty of worship was granted to all, Catholic and Protestant alike. He also replaced Tory churchmen by Whig dissenters on the municipal corporations and the commission of the peace, and, having dissolved Parliament, hoped to secure a new House of Commons which would repeal both the penal laws and the Test. But he underestimated two difficulties, the hatred of the dissenters for "popery" and their distrust of royal absolutism. His action in promoting Catholics to the Privy Council, the judicial bench, and the offices of Lord lieutenant, sheriff, and magistrate, wounded these susceptibilities, while he further offended the Anglicans by attempting to restore to Catholics some of their ancient foundations in the universities. Catholics obtained some footing both at Christ Church and University College, Oxford, and in March 1688, James gave the presidency of Magdalen College to Bonaventure Giffard, the Catholic Vicar Apostolic of the Midland District. This restoration of Magdalen as a Catholic college created the greatest alarm, not only among the holders of benefices throughout the country, but also among the owners of ancient abbey lands. The presence of the papal nuncio, Mgr. d'Adda, at Court and the public position granted to the four Catholic bishops, who had recently been appointed as vicars Apostolic, served to increase both the dislike of the dissenters to support a king whose acts, while of doubtful legality, were also subversive of Protestant interests, and likewise the difficulty of the Anglicans in practicing passive obedience in face of such provocation. Surrounded by these complications, James issued his second Declaration of Indulgence in April, 1688, and ordered that it should be read in all the churches. This strained Anglican obedience to the breaking point. The Archbishop of Canterbury and six of his suffragans presented a petition questioning the dispensing power. The seven bishops were sent to the Tower prosecuted, tried, and acquitted. This trial proved to be the immediate occasion of the Revolution, for, as Halifax said, "it hath brought all Protestants together and bound them up into a knot that cannot easily be untied". While the bishops were in the Tower, another epoch-marking event occurred the birth of an heir to the crown (10 June, 1688). Hitherto the hopes of the king's opponents had been fixed on the succession of his Protestant daughter Mary, wife of William of Orange, the Protestant leader. The birth of Prince James now opened up the prospect of a Catholic dynasty just at a moment when the ancient anti-Catholic bigotry had been aroused by events both in England and France. For besides the ill-advised acts of James, the persecution of the Huguenots by Louis XIV, consequent on the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, revived old religious animosities. England was flooded with French Protestant refugees bearing everywhere the tale of a Catholic king's cruelty.
Unfortunately for James his whole foreign policy had been one of subservience to France, and at this moment of crisis the power of France was a menace to all Europe. Even Catholic Austria and Spain supported the threatened Protestant states, and the pope himself, outraged by Louis XIV in a succession of wrongs, joined the universal resistance to France and was allied with William of Orange and other Protestant sovereigns against Louis and his single supporter, James. William had long watched the situation in England, and during 1687 had received communications from the opposition in which it was agreed that, whenever revolutionary action should become advisable, it should be carried out under William's guidance. As early as the autumn of 1687 the papal secretary of state was aware of the plot to dethrone James and make Mary queen, and a French agent dispatched the news to England through France. The Duke of Norfolk then in Rome also learned it, and sent intelligence to the king before 18 Dec., 1687 (letter of d'Estrées to Louvois, cited by Ranke, II, 424). But James, though early informed, was reluctant to believe that his son-in-law would head an insurrection against him. On the day the seven bishops were acquitted seven English statesmen sent a letter to William inviting him to rescue the religion and liberties of England. But William was threatened by a French army on the Belgian frontier, and could not take action. Louis XIV made a last effort to save James, and warned the Dutch States General that he would regard any attack on England as a declaration of war against France. This was keenly resented by James who regarded it as a slight upon English independence, and he repudiated the charge that he had made a secret treaty with France. Thereupon Louis left him to his fate, removed the French troops from Flanders to begin a campaign against the empire, and thus William was free to move. When it was too late James realized his danger. By hasty concessions granted one after another he tried to undo his work and win back the Tory churchmen to his cause. But he did not remove the Catholic officers or suggest the restriction of the dispensing power. In October Sunderland was dismissed from office, but William was already on the seas, and, though driven back by a storm, he re-embarked and landed at Torbay on 5 Nov., 1688. James at first prepared to resist. The army was sent to intercept William, but by the characteristic treachery of Churchill, disaffection was spread, and the king, not knowing in whom he could place confidence, attempted to escape. At Sheerness he was stopped and sent back to London, where he might have proved an embarrassing prisoner had not his escape been connived at. On 23 Dec., 1688, he left England to take refuge with Louis XIV; the latter received him generously and granted him both palace and pension. On his first departure the mob had risen in London against the Catholics, and attacked chapels and houses, plundering and carrying off the contents. Even the ambassadors' houses were not spared, and the Spanish and Sardinian embassy chapels were destroyed. Bishops Giffard and Leyburn were arrested and committed to the Tower. Father Petre had escaped, and the Nuncio disguised himself as a servant at the house of the envoy from Savoy, till he was enabled to obtain from William a passport. So far as the English Catholics were concerned, the result of the Revolution was that their restoration to freedom of worship and liberation from the penal laws was delayed for a century and more.
So completely had James lost the confidence of the nation that William experienced no opposition and the Revolution ran its course in an almost regular way. A Convention Parliament met on 22 January, 1689, declared that James "having withdrawn himself out of the kingdom, had abdicated the government, and that the throne was thereby vacant", and "that experience had shown it to be inconsistent with the safety and welfare of this Protestant kingdom to be governed by a Popish Prince". The crown was offered to William and Mary, who accepted the Declaration of Right, which laid down the principles of the constitution with regard to the dispensing power, the liberties of Parliament, and other matters. After their proclamation as king and queen, the Declaration was ratified by the Bill of Rights, and the work of the Revolution was complete. English Catholics have indeed had good cause to lament the failure of the king's well-meant, if unwise, attempts to restore their liberty, and to regret that he did not act on the wise advice of Pope Innocent XI and Cardinal Howard to proceed by slow degrees and obtain first the repeal of the penal laws before going on to restore their full civil rights. But on the other hand we can now realize that the Revolution had the advantage of finally closing the long struggle between king and Parliament that had lasted for nearly a century, and of establishing general principles of religious toleration in which Catholics were bound sooner or later to be included.
LINGARD, Hist. of England, X (London, 1849), the standard Catholic account; LODGE in HUNT and POOLE, Political Hist. of England, VIII (London, 1910); TEMPERLEY in Cambridge Modern Hist., V (London, 1908); TREVELYAN, England under the Stuarts (London, 1904); WYATT-DAVIES, Hist. of England for Catholic Schools (London, 1903); GREEN, Hist. of the English People (London, 1877-80); MACAULAY, Hist. of England (London, 1849); TASWELL-LANGMEAD, English Constitutional Hist. (London, 1875); BRIGHT, Hist. of England, 2nd period (London, 1880); GUIZOT Pourquoi la Révolution a-t-elle réussi? (1640-1688) (Paris, 1850); MAZURE, Hist. de la révol. de 1688 (3 vols., Paris, 1825). For earlier accounts consult DEFOE, Revol. of 1688 reprinted in ARBER, English Garner, XII (London, 1903); EACHARD, Hist. of the Revol. in 1688 (London, 1725); BURNET, Hist. of my Own Times (last edition, Oxford 1897-1900); DODD, Church Hist. (Wolverhampton vere Brussels, 1737 -42); SPEKE, Secret Hist. of the happy Revol., 1688 (London, 1715).
APA citation. (1912). English Revolution of 1688. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13007b.htm
MLA citation. "English Revolution of 1688." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13007b.htm>.
Transcription. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Terrence J. Boyle.
Ecclesiastical approbation. Nihil Obstat. February 1, 1912. Remy Lafort, D.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York.
Contact information. The editor of New Advent is Kevin Knight. My email address is webmaster at newadvent.org. Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads.
|
<urn:uuid:2499abf0-1699-452f-826b-6c24030ef93e>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-30
|
http://newadvent.org/cathen/13007b.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549448095.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20170728062501-20170728082501-00274.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.974524 | 2,984 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Russia and Georgia battle for control
What is South Ossetia? The region has been a de facto independent region of Georgia since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 ... South Ossetia is inhabited mostly by ethnic Ossetians ... Officially at least, the region is part of Georgia, but it borders North Ossetia, which is part of Russia. A decade ago, with some Russian support, the South Ossetians effectively broke away from Georgia. Peace was restored by a 1992 agreement on the deployment there of Georgian, Ossetian and Russian peacekeepers.
Virginia Gidley-Kitchin BBC News Online, August 19
What sparked the current hostilities? The increased tension stems from ... [Georgian president] Mikhail Saakashvili's determination to reassert control over the territories of South Ossetia and Abkhazia ... Since his election last November after an uprising toppling the discredited government of Eduard Shevardnadze, Mr Saakashvili made reintegration of South Ossetia and Abkhazia top priorities for his government in Tbilisi ... Moscow warned Georgia any action against Russian ships on the Black Sea would be regarded as a "hostile act, with all the ensuing consequences".
Harry Sterling in the Gazette, Montreal, August 9
What conflict has occurred to date? Political delegations from Russia and Georgia alike claim to have come under small-arms fire while travelling near South Ossetia [earlier this month], and the Georgians have complained that Russian warplanes have intruded on Georgian airspace ... On August 11, three people were killed in South Ossetia in what appears to have been an artillery attack. In Abkhazia, the leadership held a call-up exercise for reservists in July.
CJ Chivers in the New York Times, August 17
How is Moscow involved? Russia still has military bases in Georgia and is desperate to maintain influence over its former Soviet subjects ... Moscow and Tbilisi have accused each other of trying to spark war in South Ossetia, where Russia has handed out thousands of passports in recent months. Georgia also claims that Moscow is supplying arms to South Ossetia, and that [some] Russians ... have crossed into the province to fight alongside the separatists.
Report from the Irish Times, August 21
Have there been peace talks? Russia said on Friday it had pulled out of talks with ... Georgia ... The Russian foreign ministry cited loud and abusive protests outside its Tbilisi embassy in stopping the talks, held against a backdrop of bloodshed this month in ... South Ossetia.
From Reuters, August 27
How does the US view the conflict? [It] is nervous about the security of a crucial oil pipeline slated to open next year across Georgia, [but] backs Mr Saakashvili's bid to restore central authority - as long as it doesn't erupt into open warfare.
Fred Weir in the Christian Science Monitor, US, August 12
Is America now involved? Because of Mr Saakashvili's desire to broaden relations with the US, Washington has ... increased its diplomatic presence in Georgia [and] trained Georgian military in counter-insurgency methods. The US training is supposed to ... control cross-border movement by insurgents from Chechnya.
Harry Sterling in the Toronto Star, August 19
What is the Russian view? South Ossetia is fiercely opposed to being absorbed into the 'mini-empire' of Mr Saakashvili ... South Ossetia ... has very little in common with "mainland" Georgia. The people predominantly belong to the Russian Orthodox faith, carry Russian passports and use the Russian rouble.
Camden Pierce in the Moscow News, August 18
How could the dispute be resolved peacefully? Mr Shaakashvili will have to give up some of his ambitions ... in order to please Russia. For example, he has openly and repeatedly said he wants to join Nato. This deeply offends the Russians ... If the young president can ensure ... free and fair elections, curb corruption and improve his people's standard of living, western institutions will invite his country to join them ... and foreign aid will find its way to his doorstep. ... Abkhazia and South Ossetia may still refuse to reunite with Georgia - only this time, the loss will be theirs.
Eugene Mazo in the International Herald Tribune, August 19
What do you think? Leave a comment below.
Sign up for regular Resilience bulletins direct to your email.
|
<urn:uuid:90185800-bb4e-44a3-8a91-02a09a38837d>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-10
|
http://www.resilience.org/stories/2004-08-29/russia-and-georgia-battle-control
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394021378450/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305120938-00029-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.959516 | 930 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Trade is endangered as a great liquid superhighway is blocked by drought
It is still Ol' Man River, but it's hardly ”rollin' along” any more – and the US and the world may be about to suffer as a result. For in the wake of record drought the Mississippi River – which transports more than seven billion dollars worth of commodities in a normal December and January – is drying up.
Like Huckleberry Finn, coal and crude oil, steel and cement all get carried along this liquid super highway – as does about half of the US corn, wheat and soybean exports that help feed 100 countries – and this is its peak time of year. But one boat has already gone aground as water levels fall, giant barges have been bumping against the bottom, and traffic is forecast to grind to an effective halt this month. People who know the river are saying that they have never seen it so low.
Last summer's drought – the worst in the US for half a century – has heavily cut its flow, and this has been exacerbated by the US Army Corps of Engineers reducing the discharge of water from a dam on the Upper Missouri in South Dakota to relieve the dry conditions locally. The crisis is concentrated in 180 miles of the giant waterway between the city of St Louis, above which it is regulated by dams, and Cairo where the Ohio River joins it and boosts the flow.
It's at its worst at Thebes, about 150 miles along the stretch, where a big bend and underwater pinnacles of rock make things especially treacherous. Levels there are expected shortly to drop to just three feet, and go on falling, rendering the stretch virtually impassable to commercial shipments. The American Waterway Operators and the Waterways Council, in a joint statement, say this could affect 20,000 jobs and “amount to a staggering loss for the US economy.”
Indeed, commerce is already being seriously disrupted because the river is being closed for 16 hours a day at Thebes while the Corps blasts away at the pinnacles to try to clear them away, Other stretches are being dredged. But in the end only lots of rain can solve the problem, and some experts are predicting recurrent drought as global warming takes hold.
Restrictions on fracking reveal an abrupt change of ministers' tune
July 30th, 2014 17:04
Record hot May and June is new evidence of global warming, say scientists
July 24th, 2014 14:17
Owen Paterson is 'paranoid' retorts green group as reshuffle row intensifies
July 21st, 2014 10:12
Cabinet reshuffle: It is right that Owen Paterson is going, but green groups shouldn't gloat
July 15th, 2014 11:59
Why would Vladimir Putin bankroll the greenies he previously locked up?
June 20th, 2014 13:24
|
<urn:uuid:3ade1e01-8322-40f1-8834-8c34fdadaa69>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-23
|
http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/geoffreylean/100196474/trade-is-endangered-as-a-great-liquid-superhighway-is-blocked-by-drought/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1406510270877.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20140728011750-00442-ip-10-146-231-18.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.967702 | 595 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Ginger has properties rich in anti-oxidant,
anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer;
providing natural remedy for numerous disorders.
Ginger is classified as a herb which have been widely used as traditional medicine or spice in many cultures throughout the world. Ginger is often referred to as a root, but it is actually an underground stem (called rhizome).
The rhizome is branched with small “limbs”. It has brown skin that is thin if harvested when young, or becomes thick when harvested at maturity.
The color of the flesh varies from pale yellow to white or pink, or even red, depending on the variety.
Young ginger is fragrant, pungent, fleshy and juicy with a mild spicy taste. Whereas old ginger is fibrous and almost dry and tends to be spicier than its young counterpart.
A recent study showed that young ginger brings down body temperature as in the case of fever. Whereas the old (dryer) ginger brings up the body temperature as in the case of a cold and suitable during winter. When going on an extended juice feasting, I recommend the use of old ginger for this reason.
Ginger is known to have more than twelve types of anti-oxidants, making it useful for treatment of many disorders. Like other spices, it has aphrodisiac properties and is used widely for medicinal purposes.
This herb contains essential oils, protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin C, choline, folate, inositol, manganese, panthotenic acid, silicon, and a small amount of vitamin B3.
The medicinal uses of ginger is almost endless. If you can stomach the spiciness, it does wonders in treating many disorders.
Anti-coagulant: Add ginger in most of your cooking or add a teaspoonful of young ginger juice in your beverages to enjoy the anticoagulant properties of ginger. It helps make blood platelets less sticky which in turn reduces your risk of atherosclerosis.
Aphrodisiac effect: A natural aphrodisiac, this might be the better substitute to viagra! Drink hot ginger tea (by mixing ginger juice, hot water and raw honey) after a not-too-heavy meal and see it work!
Cold: Cut up a small piece of old ginger and boil it with a small cup of pure drinking water. Add some green tea leaves if you wish. Strain and drink when hot. Effective if you also have fever resulting from the cold. You may also drink this concoction if you feel a cold coming.
Cough: Drink ginger juice with raw honey three to four times a day for a bad throat. It is soothing and helps clear up phlegm. If it’s a dry cough, use the young ginger. If there is phlegm, use the old ginger.
Digestive disorder: Mix a teaspoonful of young ginger juice with one teaspoonful each of fresh lime juice and fresh mint juice with some honey to taste in a glass of water. Drink to relieve heartburn, indigestion, nausea and vomiting. Especially helpful after a big meaty meal.
Fatigue: Slice a piece of ginger into disks and boil it with a big glass of water. Add a piece of cinnamon bark, bring to boil and then cover it for about half an hour till it turns to golden color. Drink it to relieve fatigue when recovering from fever. It also relieves muscle pain and soreness.
Flatulence/wind: Pound a piece of fresh ginger and boil with a cup of water and add a little honey to taste. Drink it twice a day to let off the wind trapped in the intestinal tract.
Impotency: Believe it or not! Mix a teaspoonful of young ginger juice to a half-boiled egg and a teaspoonful of honey. Take this concoction on an empty stomach, every night for a month. It helps to counter impotency, premature ejaculation and increase sperm count. (Not proven but worth trying!)
Inflammation: The anti-inflammatory (gingerols) and anti-oxidant properties in ginger help relieve various inflammatory disorders like gout, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. It provides substantial relief in pain caused by inflammation and help decrease swelling and morning stiffness.
Menstruation disorder: Pound a piece of young ginger and boil with a cup of water and add a little honey to taste. Drink it hot two or three times a day for a month. The pain-relieving and anti-cramping compounds in ginger effectively help relieve painful menstruation cramps (dysmenorrhoea). In the absence of menstruation in women in the reproductive age (amenorrhoea), this concoction can also help induce menstruation.
Morning sickness: A teaspoonful of young ginger juice with some honey will also help alleviate morning sickness, sea or motion sickness, dizziness and even nausea caused by chemotherapy or anesthesia.
Pain killer: Ginger juice makes an excellent pain killer, even when applied externally. In headache, apply ginger juice to the forehead. With toothache, apply it to the external area either on the cheek or jaw area.
Use a teaspoon to scrape off the ginger skin. When adding ginger in cooking, add at the beginning of cooking for a milder taste, or near the end for a much more pungent taste.
Add a little (about 1 tsp) fresh ginger juice in your vegetable or fruit juices whenever possible. Start with a little and gradually increase the amount according to your taste. Ginger is pungent but it gives your juice that “extra kick”.
Learn how to make:
- Lemon-ginger-honey tea that dispels cough/cold effectively
- Lemongrass-ginger tea that is very detoxifying and has anti-microbial effect, beneficial for indivduals suffering from yeast infection.
Warning! Do not give ginger juice to young children, or honey to infants!
Fresh ginger juice is very potent as it contains high levels of active enzymes and substances. Only a teaspoonful is needed to feel its efficacy in treating disorders.
Ginger juice is spicy, so go slow with it if you are not used to its spiciness. The side effects of taking ginger juice could be flatulence and uncontrollable burping. This doesn’t mean that the juice causes gas, but rather that the consumption causes the body to release trapped gas in your intestinal tract.
More does not mean better. Ginger does contain moderate amounts of oxalate. Individuals with a history of oxalate-containing kidney stones should avoid over-consuming ginger or its juice.
|
<urn:uuid:1fc14d71-4547-4ecb-ad4f-183aea008aaf>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-15
|
http://juicing-for-health.com/basic-nutrition/healing-vegetables/health-benefits-of-ginger.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223201753.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032001-00028-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.908069 | 1,396 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Many children today have special needs that are associated with medical conditions or neurological conditions.
Vision is described as the ability to see things clearly. Eye sight actually is not only important to see things, but helps to process things that are seen. Processing what is seen is where the true problem lies for reading problems, especially in special education situations. Not being able to process what is seen by the eyes causes the inability to understand what a person is looking it, which is where reading problems stem. Those who truly cannot see read differently, usually with Braille.
Many special needs either cause reading problems or are directly linked to reading problems in some way. Some children suffer from dyslexia, which is a complex language problem that affects how the brain breaks down words. It is usually associated with backwards reading and writing. For example, writing all the letters in a word backwards. Because the brain cannot process words properly, reading is very difficult for most with dyslexia.
Another common problem associated with reading problems eye tracking problems. Eye tracking is the ability of the eye to focus on and follow written words or anything else that is visual. The eyes tend to jump around and do not follow any uniform pattern for reading and the like. Eye tracking problems for the most part can be solved with eye exercises which retrain the eye to focus and follow lines of text, assisting with the reading and any other visual activity.
Additional issues associated with reading problems are convergence insufficiency, esotropia and exophoria. Convergence insufficiency is caused when the two eyes cannot focus inward on the reading, therefore making it difficult for the child or adult to read and process what is being read. Convergence insufficiency can be corrected using eye exercises to retrain the eyes to focus inwardly together. Esotropia is when both eyes are open, one turns inward. Exophoria is when one eye turns outward when both eyes are open. Both conditions are commonly referred to as lazy eye because the eye that is turning inward or outward is not performing the task that the other eye is, therefore it is considered lazy.
These conditions cause issues with reading because they cause additional stress on the eye that is doing the work. The eye becomes fatigued very quickly, causing the child to not process the reading any longer. Children who are having issues focusing will complain of headaches while reading for a very short period of time. When a child is having trouble focusing, it is common that they will turn their head to one side or the other to use the eye that is stronger to focus on the reading.
top of: Reading Problems
|
<urn:uuid:f73b0340-5bd1-48d9-be0b-a5a19a5005cd>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-35
|
http://www.specialednews.com/reading-problems.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1409535917663.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20140901014517-00099-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.96462 | 528 | 3.734375 | 4 |
Why every company has a chemical footprint
What is your company's chemical footprint?
You may think this question does not apply to your organization because it doesn't use chemicals. Yet all products are made from chemicals. Chemicals are the building blocks of matter, which is what we make products from. Thus all companies use chemicals by virtue of the products they purchase, use and sell. Buildings are also part of the "products" that organizations buy, from the shell to the interior components, such as flooring, wall coverings and chairs.
Concerns about chemicals in products and supply chains are increasingly capturing the attention of business leaders as exemplified by three of GreenBiz's Top 12 stories in 2012:
• No. 1: "McDonald's launches pilot program to drop polystyrene coffee cups"
• No. 5: "Will the Plastics Industry Kill LEED?"
• No. 10: "How Toxic is the iPhone 5?"
This growing concern with chemicals underscores the need for a metric -- a "chemical footprint" -- that will enable businesses to evaluate chemicals just as they evaluate their water, carbon, energy and waste footprints.
Chemical footprinting is in its infancy. Richard Liroff's pioneering work on chemical footprinting at GreenBiz has highlighted the need for companies to know the chemicals in their products, to assess the hazards of those chemicals and to work with suppliers to avoid toxic chemicals and select safer alternatives.
Building from Liroff's work, I define "chemical footprinting" as the process of evaluating progress away from chemicals of concern to human health or the environment to safer chemicals -- chemicals that have a lower hazard profile than the ones they replace (for example, as defined by the GreenScreen for Safer Chemicals). In this way, a "chemical footprint" is a measure of the actions an organization takes to advance the development and use of safer chemicals in products and across supply chains. Such actions include:
- Knowing chemicals in products and supply chains.
- Disclosing chemicals in products and supply chains to the public.
- Assessing chemicals in products and supply chains for their inherent hazards.
- Acting: selecting safer chemicals and avoiding chemicals of concern to human health and the environment.
- Improving: setting goals for improving chemical footprint and publicly reporting on progress towards those goals.
- Supporting voluntary initiatives and public policies that advance the avoidance of chemicals of concern and the production and use of safer chemicals.
|
<urn:uuid:2768d14f-d513-4de8-ac8b-2f9c375e7210>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-43
|
http://www.bizngo.org/news/article/company-chemical-footprint
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187822488.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20171017200905-20171017220905-00619.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.956185 | 502 | 3 | 3 |
THE WINTER OF 1920 William Pipes
It was the winter of 1920 and my son and I were hauling a load of logs to the Wilkes County lumber mill. My family’s survival depended upon us getting the logs to the mill and collecting the few dollars the logs would bring. The Farmer’s Almanac was predicting a severe snowstorm. Old timers, reading the signs, thought a deadly snowstorm would hit in about ten days.
In addition to my fifteen year old son, James, who was helping me haul the logs, my wife and I had four other children, ages two, four, nine, and eleven years. We owned a small farm, but our crops had failed due to summer floods. What little food we harvested after the floods was by now down to a few pounds of potatoes, and only a few bushels of corn. Most of the corn would be needed to feed our two mules. We had by now exhausted our credit at the general store. We had a hog we had turned loose during the summer to forage in the mountains. Our intentions were to round up the hog for winter meat, but the snowy winter came upon us early and we feared the hog might be frozen by now.
My wife, Betty and our eleven year old daughter, Jean set out to round up the, hopefully still alive, hog. Our nine year old daughter Cate would take care of our two and four year old sons. Betty said, “If Jean and I don’t locate the hog in one day and night, we’ll head back home.”
I told James, “Son, if we can get the logs to the mill, they’ll bring enough money to keep us alive until spring.” I added, “It’ll cut our travel time in half if Elk Creek is frozen hard enough to drive the mules, wagon, and logs across. My figuring showed my plan would get us back home in approximately six days. Four days ahead of the old timers’ predicted snowstorm.
Betty said, “Jean and I should be home in two days at the most. If we locate the hog, it might take an extra day driving him home. We’ll take a few ears of corn to entice him to follow us. Either way we should be home before you and James.”
We all went our separate ways. James and I to the lumber mill, and Betty and Jean into the mountains to hunt for the hog, while Cate babysat with her brothers.
James and I were soon to Elk Creek. We check the ice and decided it was frozen hard enough to drive across. As we drove across the ice, James walked behind holding onto the wagon, and I, holding the steering harnesses, walked beside the wagon. Several times, I heard the ice cracking, but soon we were across and in another day arrived at the lumber mill. Due to the poor weather, logs were in short supply so we received a nice price. We bought some supplies, had a nice meal, fed the mules, and with just a few hours of rest, headed home.
Arriving home after five days, we found Cate and the boys doing fine, but Betty and Jean were not home. I took some food, extra blankets, and headed into the mountains in search of them. That night the snowstorm came with a vengeance. I thought, I’ll never find Betty and Jean in this weather. I found some shelter and hoped, by morning, the storm would let up. The next morning desperately searching, very exhausted, and shouting their names, but not seeing a trace of them I was ready to turn back. Just as I was about to give up I heard a whistle. A whistle I recognized as Jean’s. Jean loved to whistle and was very adept at it. I started shouting and moving toward the whistling. I soon came upon Betty and Jean cuddled together with the hog. I gave them some food, extra blankets, and we, including the hog, were soon home. We decided not to butcher the hog as it might have saved the lives of Betty and Jean.
|
<urn:uuid:0e0c04bd-7271-4cd6-921d-4deb0e2b659b>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-30
|
https://roypipes.wordpress.com/2014/03/12/the-winter-of-1920/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500550977093.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170728183650-20170728203650-00087.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.984008 | 867 | 2.625 | 3 |
About a year ago I wrote Fearful Dogs Part I. It arose from watching a stressed dog being handled badly at the dog park. Part II is about another incident I saw.
In this case, a woman was walking 2 dogs down our street—down the middle of our street. Just as they came along side a parked car, a man in the car hollered out the window to someone. One dog was very startled and became fearful. How do I know? The frightened dog had it’s ears pinned back, the whites of her eyes showing, a tense face, and she was desperately trying to get out of the street. As they got to the sidewalk, the fearful dog kept looking back at the man in the car and getting underfoot, so walking was difficult. The woman’s response was to loudly scold, “Get over it!” and to jerk the dog. All the while, the second dog is just walking along normally. Next, the woman stood at the corner of a busy street for a long time waiting to cross and the dog’s anxiety only increased. The fearful dog was lifting one foot & then the other, looking away, ears back, with whites of eyes still showing. Finally, the woman dragged her into the street to cross and they went on their unhappy way.
The problem here started before they ever left the house.
- The fearful dog needed someone working with her on her fears. From the little I saw, I think she’s scared by traffic, loud noises, the woman walking her, possibly men and cars—even parked cars.
- Walking her in the street when she’s not ready to do that heightens her anxiety.
- Hurrying to keep walking after the dog was startled by the man shouting may reinforce her fear. The dog might interpret it as “My person is hurrying from the thing that scared me. It really must be dangerous.” More stress.
- Loudly telling the dog to “Get over it!” isn’t going to help the dog’s fear. All it tells her is that in addition to the “danger” they’re hurrying from, her person is also angry at her. More stress.
- Jerking the dog by her neck doesn’t help the dog. Now physical discomfort and another startling event has been added to the situation. More stress.
- Waiting a long time at a busy street only adds to the fearful dog’s anxiety.
- Cap it all off with the woman dragging the dog into the street and it doesn’t look like these two have a very good relationship.
So what would work better?
- Some basic understanding of canine body language would be a start. Being able to recognize when a dog is stressed makes all the difference in being able to do something about it. I don’t think this woman was aware of how frightened her dog was. (Want to learn more about your dog? Check out Canine Body Language: A Photographic Guide, a favorite of mine.)
- Short, relaxed walks so there’s time to work with the dog on her fears, to accommodate her needs when her stress is too high, and to watch her reaction to things .
- When the dog was startled by the man, the woman could have helped by slowly & calmly walking towards the car, pausing before they got too close for the dog to tolerate, praising the dog, and then calmly turning back to their walk.
- Instead of walking down the middle of the street (which seems stupid anyway when there are sidewalks on both sides), she should stick to the sidewalk.
- And rather than waiting a long time at a busy street, the woman needs to work up to exposing the fearful dog to traffic that frightens her so much. I had to work with our dog Saffron on the same fear and I started by walking with traffic (so she wasn’t facing cars coming at her), walking with her on the side away from the street, and alternately walking 1 block on a busy street and then on quieter streets. Gradually, I lengthened the time spent on busy streets until Saffron was ok with it. And we had fun doing it! This woman and her 2 dogs were not having fun.
- Sometimes the presence of a calm dog helps to reassure a fearful dog, which is great. But, I do think this dog would benefit from some walks just one-on-one so the human isn’t distracted and can focus on what stresses the dog.
Here’s the To Do List:
- gradually work up to what frightens your dog, don’t flood them with it—you’ll only make them feel vulnerable
- pay attention to what scares your dog, how anxious they are, and what calms them
- don’t yell or physically punish your dog, you’ll only add to her stress
- don’t drag your dog—I think it’s a pretty good rule of thumb that if you have to drag your dog, her anxiety level is too high
There’s a happy ending to this story. Weeks later I encountered a friend walking the same fearful dog. Without thinking, I mentioned I’d seen her being walked by someone who was clueless about how scared the dog was and I found out my friend shared responsibility for the dog with the woman I had seen. My friend asked if the woman had been harsh with the dog and when I said yes, she said she’d speak to the woman. But, my friend did better than that—she made the woman realize the dog would be better off with my friend, so know the fearful dog has a much happier life with someone who understands her and works on her fears. Yea!
|
<urn:uuid:19a72d7f-46a3-4f2b-8b43-12f909b779e1>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
http://petprojectblog.com/archives/dogs/training-tips-fearful-dogs-part-ii/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368705020058/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516115020-00024-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.976676 | 1,215 | 2.65625 | 3 |
In any language, there are areas of overlap, where one category has a great deal in common with a different category. In this case, intonation and pronunciation have two areas of overlap. First is the pronunciation of the letter T. When a T is at the beginning of a word (such as table, ten, take), it is a clear sharp sound. It is also clear in combination with certain other letters, (contract, contain, etc.) When T is in the middle of a word (or in an unstressed position), it turns into a softer D sound. (This is covered in more detail in pronunciation.)
Betty bought a bit of better butter.
Beddy bada bida bedder budder.
Click to listen
It is this intonation/pronunciation shift that accounts for the difference between photography (phoTAgraphy) and photograph (PHOdagraph).
Check Your UnderstandingDoes the pronunciation of the following words have a strong "T" sound or a softer "D" sound?
|
<urn:uuid:01dfca61-333a-4b08-8df4-18c3b3dbf37f>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-15
|
http://www.5minuteenglish.com/jul31.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609537754.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005217-00101-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.918844 | 212 | 3.59375 | 4 |
- Michelmersh Font
The church of St Mary at Michelmersh is home to an unusual 13th century font.
The font dates from the mid 13th century and is heavily carved purbeck stone, with a sculptured face at each corner, staring down towards the floor. The faces are linked with fleur-de-lys. The tub itself is square, resting on a single circular stem, which in turn rests upon a plinth.
The people carved on the Michelmersh font
The more I looked the less I could convince myself of the gender of the intriguing faces carved on the corners of the font. The faces appear full lipped with wide almond eyes. Two if not three of the faces appear to be female. The fourth has heavy brows over the eyes and is most definitely male. The high forehead of one suggests a female but the head dresses are difficult to place, if the font does indeed depict 13th century females. Any thoughts on this will of course, be most warmly received.
Michelmersh font was here when the soldiers were camping in the fields around the church, preparing for the Battle of Agincourt.
|
<urn:uuid:cef989fe-8e7c-4d02-bec8-988e75e46892>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://www.hampshire-history.com/michelmersh-font/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510100.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20230925215547-20230926005547-00841.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.955289 | 237 | 3.03125 | 3 |
ReadWriteThink couldn't publish all of this great content without literacy experts to write and review for us. If you've got lessons plans, activities, or other ideas you'd like to contribute, we'd love to hear from you.
Find the latest in professional publications, learn new techniques and strategies, and find out how you can connect with other literacy professionals.
Teacher Resources by Grade
|1st - 2nd||3rd - 4th|
|5th - 6th||7th - 8th|
|9th - 10th||11th - 12th|
She Did What? Revising for Connotation
|Grades||6 – 8|
|Lesson Plan Type||Minilesson|
|Estimated Time||50 minutes|
Did she walk, skip, amble, dance? In this minilesson, students examine the simple sentence "She walked into the room." Volunteers act out ways that the student in the sentence might enter the room, and the teacher models revising the sample sentence accordingly. Students then suggest other replacements for the verb in the sentence to increase the specificity of the word and explore connotation. Students follow this demonstration by selecting words with powerful connotations for their own writing.
To use language effectively, students need to begin with ideas and elements that are familiar to them. Cognitive psychologists who study information-processing capacities of the brain have identified the importance of the role of prior knowledge in learning. Researchers have found that the best way to spend time in studying new material is not necessarily to focus on the material itself; if we need certain information to understand it better, then we should devote more time to studying this prerequisite material. While this activity does not provide "knowledge" in the form of factual information, it does provide students a format through which to wrestle with concepts in familiar contexts before attempting the same activity in a less familiar context.
This lesson is adapted from Smagorinsky, Peter, Tom McCann, and Stephen Kern. 1987. Explorations: Introductory Activities for Literature and Composition, 7-12. 13-14. Urbana, IL: NCTE.
|
<urn:uuid:c2ba979b-86cd-4f6c-b3e9-8d61cc7c6604>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-15
|
http://www.readwritethink.org/classroom-resources/lesson-plans/what-revising-connotation-80.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609539337.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005219-00475-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.909972 | 439 | 4.09375 | 4 |
Pathology Reports (Fact Sheet)
Pathology Reports (Fact Sheet)
What is a pathology report?
A pathology report is a document that contains the diagnosis determined by examining cells and tissues under a microscope. The report may also contain information about the size, shape, and appearance of a specimen as it looks to the naked eye. This information is known as the gross description.
A pathologist is a doctor who does this examination and writes the pathology report. Pathology reports play an important role in cancer diagnosis and staging (describing the extent of cancer within the body, especially whether it has spread), which helps determine treatment options.
How is tissue obtained for examination by the pathologist?
In most cases, a doctor needs to do a biopsy or surgery to remove cells or tissues for examination under a microscope.
Some common ways a biopsy can be done are as follows:
- A needle is used to withdraw tissue or fluid.
- An endoscope (a thin, lighted tube) is used to look at areas inside the body and remove cells or tissues.
- Surgery is used to remove part of the tumor or the entire tumor. If the entire tumor is removed, typically some normal tissue around the tumor is also removed.
Tissue removed during a biopsy is sent to a pathology laboratory, where it is sliced into thin sections for viewing under a microscope. This is known as histologic (tissue) examination and is usually the best way to tell if cancer is present. The pathologist may also examine cytologic (cell) material. Cytologic material is present in urine, cerebrospinal fluid (the fluid around the brain and spinal cord), sputum (mucus from the lungs), peritoneal (abdominal cavity) fluid, pleural (chest cavity) fluid, cervical/vaginal smears, and in fluid removed during a biopsy.
How is tissue processed after a biopsy or surgery? What is a frozen section?
The tissue removed during a biopsy or surgery must be cut into thin sections, placed on slides, and stained with dyes before it can be examined under a microscope. Two methods are used to make the tissue firm enough to cut into thin sections: frozen sections and paraffin-embedded (permanent) sections. All tissue samples are prepared as permanent sections, but sometimes frozen sections are also prepared.
Permanent sections are prepared by placing the tissue in fixative (usually formalin) to preserve the tissue, processing it through additional solutions, and then placing it in paraffin wax. After the wax has hardened, the tissue is cut into very thin slices, which are placed on slides and stained. The process normally takes several days. A permanent section provides the best quality for examination by the pathologist and produces more accurate results than a frozen section (1).
Frozen sections are prepared by freezing and slicing the tissue sample. They can be done in about 15 to 20 minutes while the patient is in the operating room (1). Frozen sections are done when an immediate answer is needed; for example, to determine whether the tissue is cancerous so as to guide the surgeon during the course of an operation.
|
<urn:uuid:9ce632c5-baff-414b-9b76-82dddfc14f4d>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-39
|
http://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/general-oncology/pathology-reports-fact-sheet/article/572985/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818685850.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170919145852-20170919165852-00052.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.954399 | 655 | 3.875 | 4 |
23 Aug 4 Easy Steps to Becoming Gender Inclusive
Pronouns are used when people are referring to us without using our name. They’re often associated with gender, such as “she” or “her” when we’re speaking of a woman or a girl, and “he” or “him” when we’re referring to a man or a boy, and, “they” or “them” when addressing somebody who’s gender-neutral.
People will often make assumptions about another person’s gender based on their name or their appearance and choose a personal pronoun based on their guess. When we make these assumptions, especially when we’re wrong, it sends a harmful message to that person that they’ve either: failed to look a certain way, aren’t passing as their gender, aren’t respected, or aren’t wanted or accepted.
Why do pronouns matter?
Have you ever experienced a moment where another person wrongly assumed something about you or judged you for your appearance? Perhaps you’ve been misgendered or treated unfairly. How did that feel? Imagine now, how that might feel if you were to live this moment over and over again or in addition to other forms of discrimination you may already face.
From a very early age, we learn that it’s harmful to call somebody names, but it’s just as harmful to ignore or guess someone’s pronouns or to refer to them using pronouns that don’t reflect how they wish to be known. It can be incredibly stressful to continually be told that your identity doesn’t matter or to feel as though you’re being erased. For some, they may feel insecure or unsafe when their pronouns aren’t used properly. For example, if in public, a passerby was to call a trans woman who’s presenting as feminine, “he,” this could be overhead and could lead to this woman being verbally or physically assaulted. Although this could seem like an unlikely event, research in Ontario has found that trans people experience high rates of violence and discrimination every day (Trans PULSE). It’s for this reason that the province of Ontario and now Canada, have laws in place to protect people from gender-based discrimination (Bill C-16).
Instead, when we ask and use someone’s correct pronouns, we show respect for them and create an inclusive and welcoming space. This is one very small act of kindness that can make a profound difference, especially for those who may feel vulnerable when they enter a new environment. With a few minutes and a little extra effort, we can set a tone of allyship and provide a safer space for all people.
Here are 4 steps that will support you in becoming more gender-inclusive:
1. Introduce Your Pronouns
We may find ourselves in a situation where we haven’t learned a person’s name and pronouns from their email signature or a name badge. So, one way that you can open up the conversation about pronouns is by introducing yourself and your own personal pronouns.
“Hi, my name is Jess. I use they/them pronouns.”
By doing this, you’re demonstrating openness to experiences and an understanding of how gender-based assumptions are harmful. This could also create a more comfortable environment for the other person to also share their pronouns.
“I recently learned about personal pronouns and I realized I’ve always used he and him pronouns to refer to you. Are you okay with me using he and him or should I be using another set of pronouns?”
You may also ask another person to share their pronouns with you. Avoid asking what their “preferred” pronouns may be and other intrusive questions related to their experiences of gender. Remember to also share your own pronouns and to ask in a gentle and kind way, that respects their privacy.
“How should I refer to you?”
“Would you mind sharing the pronouns you use?”
It’s important to invite people to share their pronouns, rather than force them. This becomes especially relevant when you’re part of a group discussion.
“Hi, my name is Logan. I use she/her pronouns. Before we begin today’s discussion, could we go around the room and share our names and pronouns? For example, she/her, he/him, they/them, etc. This isn’t about sharing your gender or any private information. I’m only asking that you share your pronouns so we can make sure that we are referring to you in the right way. If you feel uncomfortable sharing this information, you can just share your name. Does anyone have any questions before we begin?”
2. Using Pronouns Properly
They/them pronouns are often the most accepted personal pronoun to use when you’re unsure how someone identifies.
“They really are amazing! I truly appreciate them and everything they do to support me.”
Some people feel that using the singular “they” is difficult to do because it’s grammatically incorrect. But did you know we have been using the singular “they” for centuries? Since at least the 1300s. Some of the most famous historical writers to use the singular “they” have been: Shakespeare, Chaucer, and Jane Austen (Singular “They”). Even today, when we don’t know a person we will often default to using the singular they.
“Somebody called for you, while you were out.”
“Oh! Did they leave a message?”
It’s also possible to avoid using pronouns altogether and to only use the person’s name.
“Chris is a photographer who often goes to the lake when doing a shoot.”
People may use other pronouns such as, ze/hir, ze/zir, ey/em, ve/ver, xe/xem, etc. In these instances, it may be best to check with the person who uses these pronouns and to read online resources to learn the proper way to pronounce and use them in a sentence (Pronoun Activities).
“Jay is a writer. Ze wrote that book about zirself. Even the photos in the book are from zir life.”
Some people may also use multiple sets of pronouns. This usually means that they’re comfortable with you using any one of these pronouns — but it’s always best to ask about their preferences before making any of these assumptions.
3. How to Overcome Mistakes
If you make a mistake: be accountable, make the correction, and move on.
“He plays baseball — I’m sorry, I meant to say they play baseball with some of my friends, so we met after one of their games.”
You don’t have to draw a lot of attention to it and you certainly don’t need to heavily criticize yourself for fumbling. If you make it about you and your intent, it’s not supportive of the other person and could be perceived as even more harmful. It’s important to then apologize and move forward. Be gentle with yourself. Keep practicing and learning.
“I’m really sorry I used the wrong pronouns during our session. I know you use they/them and I’ll use these next time.”
People may not be open with everyone about the pronouns they use. Somebody may ask you to use one set of pronouns but haven’t had the same conversation with others yet. For this reason, it’s best not to correct others who may be using the wrong pronouns (unless you have permission to do so).
“Jo came by last weekend to talk about his new job.”
“Jo isn’t using he/him pronouns anymore.”
If you now they are public about their pronouns, you could provide a gentle reminder by responding to the conversation with the pronouns you understand to be correct. If you are unsure, try a gender neutral pronoun like “they.”
“Jo came by last weekend to talk about his new job.”
“Oh? What are they doing now?”
When you’re with a new group of people, it may be difficult for everyone to remember each other’s pronouns. One way to respond to another person making this mistake is by talking about it after the discussion or by addressing the room and then bringing the conversation back to the topic.
“Marley has asked that we use they pronouns when we are speaking about them. I know this may be a new concept for folks and that we have all just met and it is easy to forget and revert back to the assumptions we’ve been programmed to make, but it’s really important we continue using the right pronouns for everyone. If you have any questions about pronouns or if you’d like to practice, I’m happy to provide that kind of support. Thanks for validating Marley’s comment. I agree it was a really important point to highlight! Do others have thoughts they’d like to share?”
4. Continue Learning
People experience their gender and pronouns in so many different, unique, and wonderful ways, but this makes it difficult to offer one comprehensive resource. Since there may be excellent information missing from this blog, we encourage you to look at as many resources as possible and get to know people whose lives are impacted by pronouns more profoundly. It is not other people’s responsibility to answer your questions, so a good way to learn more about these experiences is to check out the following resources and to share what you’ve learned with others:
Human Rights in Ontario and Canada: Gender Identity and Expression
Written by: Jess Boulé, Pronouns: they, them, theirs / she, her, hers
Jess is our office strategist at Bliss Counselling. Jess is a Master’s graduate from the University of Guelph. During their degree, they focused on aging and end-of-life, communication, human sexuality, LGBTQI2S+ health, inclusive practice and policies, knowledge mobilization strategies, research methods, and program evaluation.
|
<urn:uuid:17d08b87-5449-4720-8698-7ce1d960e638>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-16
|
https://bliss-therapy.org/4-easy-steps-to-becoming-m/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370491857.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20200328104722-20200328134722-00083.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.957699 | 2,190 | 3.828125 | 4 |
P3A are very much back in the swing of things this week. In maths we have begun subtraction. At the moment we are practising our mental subtraction through number talks and working hard to become more confident with missing number sums (eg, 18 – ___ = 7 or ___ – 5 = 12) as quite a few of us were finding these tricky – we’re getting good at them now though!
In outer maths we have begun ‘time.’ We are working on telling the time using an analogue clock at the moment. Focusing on half past and quarter past. We also drew the hands on a clock face to represent these times too. We have to remember that the little hand points to the hour and the big hand points to the minutes. We will continue with this topic for the next few weeks.
All classes are changing their corridor wall displays at the moment and P3A chose ‘snow animals’ as their theme. We have been learning about how some animals have adapted to survive in very cold climates, we have been learning about snow leopard, snowshoe hare, sika deer, arctic fox, bobcat and polar bear. In groups we did some reading for information, highlighting interesting facts. We then used these notes to write a fact file. These are very informative and will be great on our display. We have been enjoying watching clips from a program on BBC iplayer called ‘Stunning Survivors: The Secret Skills of Snow Animals’ It has been very interesting and we have learned a lot about how animals survive extremely cold conditions – much better than us humans can!
We also created some artwork for the display. When we were watching Stunning Survivors we saw the Northern Lights and decided to learn more about them. We then created our own interpretations using water colour paint. We also drew line drawings of a snow animal of our choice and glued them onto our Northern Lights backgrounds. They are very effective and we worked hard to look at the animals looking at the lines, shapes and features and trying to recreate them in our drawing.
We read the book The Secret of the Kelpie by Lari Don, an adaptation of a traditional Scottish folk tale. This led us to look at traditional Scottish designs. In the Secret of the Kelpies there are some drawings carved into stone – shapes to represent objects and tell a story. We decorated our own initial with Scottish patterns. We also did a ‘Spot the Silly Word’ reflective reader task on a passage from the book, we read the passage carefully, spotted the silly words and suggested more suitable words to use in their place. This really helps to increase our vocabulary as we work together, discussing possible words to use.
We now have music lessons with Ms Bain on a Thursday. This week we were singing the Scottish song – Katie Bairdie, I haven’t heard it yet but I got very good feedback from Ms Bain on how well P3A sang
In PE we have begun a block on football. We were improving our dribbling skills this week – trying to keep the ball close to our bodies and in control while we move around quickly.
Another great week, well done P3A. Have a lovely weekend everyone.
|
<urn:uuid:d06edaaf-e147-479e-b562-454f8285fcc4>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-29
|
https://springfieldprimary.westlothian.org.uk/article/49339/Snow-Animals-Time-and-Kelpies-in-P3A
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657154789.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20200715003838-20200715033838-00292.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.968572 | 664 | 3.5625 | 4 |
The latest round of Japanese-Russian negotiations over the disputed Southern Kuril islands took place this week in Moscow, ahead of next week’s summit between Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and Russian President Vladimir Putin.
The territorial dispute is the only obstacle preventing the two nations signing an official peace agreement to end World War II. However, given the muscular stance the Kremlin takes on territorial disputes, and given the strategic importance of the islands to Russia’s Pacific Fleet, Tokyo will face an uphill struggle to win any concessions.
This suggests that optimistic declarations by Japanese officials earlier this month, according to which a solution is finally on the horizon, were premature at best.
Abe’s promise, Putin’s resistance
In early January, Abe talked about an imminent return of the islands, vowing in front of his father’s tomb to solve the long-simmering “peace agreement” issue with Russia.
Such bold statements irritated Moscow, which reminded its eastern neighbors that an agreement is still far from being reached.
“We must work on a peace treaty professionally, without trying to distort the agreements reached at any intermediary stage and without escalating divisive unilateral rhetoric in the public space,” said Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, after meeting his Japanese counterpart Taro Kono.
According to Moscow, Japan’s claims to the islands are groundless.
“We drew our Japanese friends’ attention to the fact that sovereignty over the islands are not subject to discussion: This is territory of the Russian Federation,” said Lavrov after the first round of talks.
He defined as “unacceptable” Japanese law, which states that the islands are part of Japan’s Northern Territories. Although Putin is preparing to summit with Abe on January 22, no end to the gridlock is in sight.
A long-running dispute
The Kuril archipelago is made up of 56 islands stretching from the Russian peninsula of Kamchatka to just north of the Japanese island of Hokkaido. The territorial dispute surrounds only the four southernmost islands – Iturup, Kunashir, Shikotan and the group of islets called Habomai. All told, they have a population of about 20,000 people.
The dispute dates back to 1855, when the two nations entered negotiations to establish a clear-cut border. Japan maintained sovereignty over the Southern Kurils until it lost them to the Soviet Union, which launched a major offensive into Manchuria, northern Korea, Sakhalin and the Kurils on the final days of the war.
The scale of that shock attack was such that previously dauntless Japanese forces, which had fought to the death in Burma and the Pacific, broke and fled.
Prior to that massive attack, Moscow had confined its efforts to battling Nazi Germany and had refrained from attacking Axis Japan, under the terms of the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact.
According to the 1945 Yalta Declaration, the Soviet Union received the Kuril Islands as war booty following Japan’s capitulation. That same year, the Soviets occupied the islands. Two years later, the Japanese population was forcefully repatriated.
In 1951, however, Russia refused to sign the Treaty of San Francisco – the peace treaty between Japan and the wartime Allies – as the document made no clear mention of Russia’s sovereign rights over the Kurils.
Further diplomatic efforts were made to find an agreement and in 1956 a joint declaration was signed, according to which Russia was willing to cede two of the disputed islands, Habomai and Shikotan – which make up only 8% of the disputed territory – in exchange for a peace agreement.
But since then, all attempts to reach a peace agreement have failed. Tokyo’s stance has solidified; it now insists on the return of all four disputed islands. Complicating the issue for Russia is that Japan struck a military alliance with the US in 1960, which could potentially place US forces right on Russia’s back door.
The dispute is a deeply felt issue within Japanese society, with the majority of the population opposing a compromise with Russia. According to a recent poll, only 5% of Japanese citizens would be satisfied with getting only two islands back, which the majority sees as just a temporary solution.
According to Vladimir Nelidov, a research fellow at the Center for Japanese Studies of the Russian Academy of Science, Abe’s latest attempts to speed up negotiations could be a PR move to improve his ratings ahead of the 2019 Japanese upper house elections in July.
“Abe wants to achieve a concrete result before the elections: he wants to obtain a major concession from the Russians,” Nelidov told Asia Times. “In case the negotiations will fail, he is likely to put the blame on Moscow.”
Russia is equally unlikely to make any significant concessions, Nelidov added.
Putin draws a red line
The islands are still widely perceived as Russia’s rightful trophy for winning World Word II and according to polls, 74% of Russians are against the islands’ handover. Moreover, ceding territory is not a policy that would be in line with Russia’s neo-imperial state ideology.
In a 2016 interview, Putin stated clearly: “Russia is not bargaining with its own territories.”
Even a tiny territorial concession could be risky for the Kremlin, as it could trigger further demands concerning other territories occupied by Russia at the end of War War II, such as southern Sakhalin, also in the Far East, or the Russian enclave of Kaliningrad – formerly the East Prussian capital of Konigsberg – on the Baltic coast.
Moreover, the Kuril Islands are strategically important for the Russian Far East.
The chain controls access to the Sea of Okhotsk, where Russian ballistic-missiles submarines are located. Giving up the islands would also make access from the Sea of Okhotsk out into the Bering Sea and northern-western Pacific problematic for the Russian Pacific Fleet.
Moscow is also concerned that, if ever returned to Japan, the Kuril Islands could potentially host US forces.
These concerns were fueled by recent statements made by Abe’s political aide, according to which an agreement with Russia will help Japan and the US to deter China. Lavrov defined that statement as “outrageous,” adding that US efforts to militarize the Asia-Pacific region are a serious obstacle in ongoing negotiations with Japan.
“Considering the current condition of Russian-US relations, Tokyo’s close alliance with Washington is a major factor preventing Japan and Russia from reaching the level of mutual trust we would like to achieve,” Nelidov said.
|
<urn:uuid:1819c122-b50d-4b4e-9e72-d5cd1018abce>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-34
|
https://asiatimes.com/2019/01/no-end-to-world-war-ii-in-sight-in-the-kuril-islands/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738892.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20200812112531-20200812142531-00179.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.957476 | 1,393 | 2.75 | 3 |
dark laser - Computer Definition
A laser used in communications that represents data in a manner exactly the opposite of the normal laser. Instead of transmitting pulses of light, the laser is always on and turns off to form the pulses (the bits are non-light rather than light). The advantage of dark lasers is that their non-light pulses are more stable and become less distorted than light pulses as they travel through the optical fiber. See laser.
|
<urn:uuid:4d0e2a00-b426-4c99-889d-c1f2dfe82549>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-43
|
http://www.yourdictionary.com/dark-laser
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187824293.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20171020173404-20171020193404-00755.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.949347 | 88 | 3.140625 | 3 |
4 Crafts for National Hispanic Heritage Month
Taíno Rock Carvings
Taíno petroglyphs, found in caves and near rivers in Puerto Rico, Cuba, and throughout the Caribbean, are some of the oldest in the world. Kids can create their own “rock art” as they learn about the indigenous culture.
1. Knead clay such as Model Magic (a little bigger than the size of a golf ball) until it’s smooth.
2. Press it into a flat disk, or use a cookie cutter to punch out a circle shape.
3. Etch designs into clay using round household objects, like paper-towel rolls, and the pointed end of a toothpick. For Taíno symbol inspiration, visit TainoAgo.com.
4. Add a hole and string to make a necklace.
Tip: Dip a toothpick in water before carving designs to help the tip glide more smoothly.
Parents Latina - Hojalata Tin Art
Hojalata Tin Art
Transform aluminum foil into tin art, or hojalata, a beloved Mexican folk tradition dating back to the 16th century.
1. Cut a 5 1/2-in. square from a clean aluminum foil roasting or pie pan. Round the edges with scissors to prevent sharp corners.
2. Draw a design on a 5-in. square of paper.
3. Layer the paper over the foil. Use painter’s masking tape to secure the squares to a piece of felt or Fun Foam (enough to keep the foil in place).
4. With a pencil, draw over the paper design, pressing hard to emboss the foil underneath.
5. Remove the masking tape and felt or Fun Foam. Flip the foil square over, and color its indented spaces with Sharpie markers.
Tip: To display, frame the finished design, or punch a hole at the top and add a string.
Inspired by the intricate, hand-sewn Mola textiles of the Kuna people in Panama and Colombia, these vibrant pillows make geometry fun!
1. Measure and cut a 13x30-in. piece of felt. Lay the felt with the long edge horizontal.
2. With a pencil or chalk, mark a vertical line 16 in. from the right side of the felt.
3. Cut two 30-in.-long strips of 5/8-in., double-sided fabric tape. Line one strip on the top edge of the felt and one strip on the bottom edge. Remove the paper backing from the tape.
4. Fold the right side of the felt over to the 16-in. line, pressing the top and bottom felt edges together as you do.
5. Mark a vertical line 4 in. from the right fold of the felt. Fold the left side of the felt to that line, pressing the top and bottom edges together, to create a flap.
6. Turn the pillowcase over. Decorate the front with geometric designs cut from adhesive felt.
7. Through the back flap, stuff the pillowcase with a 12-in.-square pillow insert.
Tip: Trim top and bottom felt edges if they don’t fold perfectly.
A kid-size twist on the gigantic, hand-painted kites flown in Guatemala honoring All Saints’ Day.
1. Cut the flap off a large Tyvek envelope. Open the envelope to its full width by cutting along its bottom edge and one of its side edges.
2. On the unprinted envelope side, place an 8-in., 10-in., or 12-in. wooden embroidery hoop. Trace around the hoop in pencil.
3. Remove the hoop. Draw another circle 2 in. outside the first one. Cut the largest circle out.
4. Draw concentric circles on the unprinted envelope side using a compass or circular shapes.
5. Paint the design with acrylic paint. Allow to dry. Add more details as desired.
6. Once paper is completely dry, secure it in the embroidery hoop. Cut the outside edge into 1/4-in. fringe.
Tip: Start with lighter paint colors, and cover any mistakes with darker colors later!
|
<urn:uuid:74ecaf7b-0caf-45c7-b791-c979a5c5c79e>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-10
|
https://www.parents.com/fun/arts-crafts/hispanic-heritage-month-crafts/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145538.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20200221203000-20200221233000-00000.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.860698 | 892 | 3.3125 | 3 |
Some software comes with increased demands. Sometimes, it may even require a faster release.
When releasing software, requirements can become extensive. Sometimes, your next project kick-off can have more detailed specifications. For this, I can recommend one of several models. Here, I would like to discuss a specified software project approach, incremental development.
What is Incremental Development?
Incremental development is essentially the process of software development, in which needs break down into more coherent requirements. These constitute various modules within the software development cycle.
The layout of the system is straightforward, bearing several basic enclosed features. These are then passed on directly to the customer, who then ‘accepts’ the project. As a rule, this process emphasises actionable stages with well-defined specifications.
Outline of the Process
As you navigate the Incremental Development process, you will meet key milestones, which I have identified.
We begin the process with what I call ‘requirement gathering’. Here, we identify and prioritise the necessary aspects of our desired product. Any considerations are also welcome at this stage. Therefore, be sure to mark any requirements as ‘must-haves’, ‘maybes’, or ‘nice-to-have’ as well.
We then follow this, with an informal ‘functional specification’ stage, whereby we produce use cases. These scenarios help to precisely define the interactions between the system and the external world. Keep in mind that your end-user may be persons, or other systems – which should help you in outlining your requirements. Agile, however, tends to skip this stage, as programmers will carry out development based on existing ‘user stories’.
It is a good idea to carry out an incremental plan, whereby you establish parameters of your development phases. You will see that in each increment we have a ‘waterfall’ process taking place. This contains functional specification, detailed design, programming, testing & bug-fixing, acceptance, and production.
Choose Your Model
It is important to note that every module passes through one of several models. In this article, I wish to discuss two of the leading processes.
- The first is termed as the Staged Delivery Model. In this sequence, a project undertakes the construction of only one project at a time.
- The second is the Parallel Development Model. As opposed to the former process, different subsystems can develop simultaneously.
These processes may differ at a very notable stage. However, they mirror one another on a few fundamental aspects. We will explore these stages shortly. Before we do this, it is a good idea to have a clear overview of the models.
These can differ, based on your chosen sources, but tend to take on the resulting form:
- Functional specifications (also known as ‘analysis’)
Staged Delivery Model
As you can see, the process undergoes a linear sequence. Akin to Agile software development, each phase concludes, with necessary iterations, before progressing the next. This is notable in the construction phases.
Parallel Development Model
As the name suggests, certain phases of product construction take place simultaneously or parallel to one another. You will see that opening and concluding stages of this model bear a striking similarity. As is the nature of these stages, they cannot take place in conjunction with one another and must remain sequential.
Incremental Model Phases
The model in its entirety appears relatively straightforward. However, its apparent simplicity leaves much to the imagination. We’ll explore some of the fixed components of this dynamic framework. As a result, we’ll be able to understand the specific functioning of each segment in greater detail.
This is the earliest phase of the development model. It is vital to set requirements of both functional, and non-functional elements.
In this highly critical role, a specialist identifies problems, demands, and areas of opportunity within the project. Additionally, a requirements analysis team will identify and examine functional system conditions.
The definition of these attributes should take place at the beginning of the project in its entirety. In this regard, it is ill-advised to set requirements throughout the project increments.
Design and Development
This phase is also known as ‘Architecture Design’. At this stage, we begin to transition the border between theoretical and practical lines. Here, the software design begins to account for tangible functions and practical applications.
With this said, I believe that we should fundamentally define a system’s entire architecture. Additionally, we should understand our prospective development tools.
Crucially, this is the stage at which the Incremental Model in-effect begins to operate. With defined requirements set, we may begin to plan project increments in detail. This, in effect, opens the path to ‘incremental elements’ of the process.
The findings during incremental work mustn’t lead to changing decisions. Many companies make the mistake of adjusting their project trajectory during ‘common phases’ of a project. This is a situation from which project managers should steer clear.
Once this stage concludes, the nominal construction stages will take place.
This stage takes place following project construction stages. Here, coding verifications take place in what is also known as ‘Verification Testing’. At this point, we would determine the performance of the existing functions. Additionally, we would assess the viability of possible subsequent functions.
The means of carrying out this activity will, however, vary across testing methods. These can be determined based on the type of project, and the nature of the coding stages.
Once we reach this stage, we initiate the coding phase of the development system. It is at this stage that the assessment of design and development take place. We can also view this as an extension to the testing phase. The reason for this because we begin to explore the functioning of the system in greater detail.
Once we reach the conclusion of this stage, the number of the product is upgraded. Furthermore, the product’s functioning is enhanced, as the project begins to enter its final stages and roll-out.
Advantages of the Incremental Model
Whether your requirements are superior or have staff with finite levels of training, there are decisive benefits to using this development method.
The merits of this model are such that it accepts earlier revenue recognising and invoicing. Traditionally, a software project would complete a billing cycle following the conclusion of all combined activities. Here, the software producer can receive approval notices and invoices on an increment-by-increment basis. In my opinion, such an arrangement is more advantageous to that of advance payments, as it provides for a more transparent process. In this aspect, accounting recognises cash flows, leading to timely, and accurate financial results.
What is also significant is the client-side PM can better manage their budget. If we produce increments in sequence, they can then present project progress and achievements to you, and your audience.
From a project management perspective, the benefits allow for a more effective spread of allocated resources. This prevents idle development staffs, as analysts can make the most of their allotted time throughout development work.
Finally, a significant benefit to all stakeholders is the outcome of the project itself. In this aspect, the end-user receives partial functionality early in the process. This enables a more transparent and involving process. That, in turn, makes it possible to use some system functionalities, where applicable, with others in development.
As with any new process, there are important factors to note. The Incremental Development model is a demanding procedure, requiring supervision and involvement.
The constraints provided by this programme may yield an initial disadvantage. One such aspect is the requirement for extensive planning, within the opening stages of the project. With this said, planning is essential to carry out, but ensure you spread further analyses across increments.
Be sure to keep in mind that analysts must remain on board during each phase. Therefore, I don’t recommend carrying out a full analysis at the opening stages of the project. The reason for this is because often, analysts will transfer to other projects. That, in turn, makes it burdensome to retrieve them to support critical milestones, such as acceptance tests and user milestones.
There is, of course, the need for a commitment of labour, in this aspect. However, with planning, and the addition of extended teams, software companies can overcome this demand.
Future Scenarios and Applications
Software development processes can be more effective, depending on the product itself. In this case, web applications and product-based companies can expect optimal results.
Be sure to use these methods when you demand an early release of the product, or in cases where the software team are not as experienced regarding the project’s complexity. Additionally, these methods excel where your project features well-defined goals, or if it seeks high-risk features.
The Incremental Development model accounts for a linear, Staged Delivery Model, and the multilateral Parallel Development Model. The latter of the two enables further efficiency. With this in-regard, the Parallel model will ultimately decrease TTM considerably. You may require additional resources to work simultaneous tasks, which you may remedy with Extended Teams.
With careful planning comes a highly efficient process, yielding a highly-efficient product. Whilst the process may demand well-defined module interfaces, with exceptional involvement in the planning phases, the results speak for themselves.
Do you need support with custom software development?
|
<urn:uuid:35a5903f-7988-4e19-a538-d248f6761f80>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://softwarehut.com/blog/it-project-management/incremental-development
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510781.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20231001041719-20231001071719-00705.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.930349 | 1,997 | 2.578125 | 3 |
The three types of construction are residential, commercial, and institutional. Each type of construction is specialized for a specific kind of project. For example, residential projects may include residential facilities such as single-family dwellings or multi-unit residential buildings. On the other hand, industrial construction projects usually involve large-scale projects requiring high levels of technological complexity. Examples of this construction include nuclear power plants, oil refineries, and steel mills. In addition, these projects often involve multiple contractors working together within a fenced-off construction site.
Selecting a construction company helps define the type of construction project you want to complete. Clearly defining the type of facility you are building will help you decide what kind of equipment and techniques are required to complete the project. While there are several types of construction, these three types account for most projects undertaken. Fortunately, many companies specialize in one or more of these types of projects.
Residential construction includes single-family homes, apartments, and condominiums. Many builders handle this type of construction, while others may hire subcontractors for specialty work. Regardless of the type of construction, residential projects generally comply with local building authority regulations. Although residential construction projects can be an easy entry point to the real estate market, they are also associated with high risks.
The types of construction vary greatly. Residential projects can be divided according to their purpose, owner, and fire resistance. For example, a wood-framed building consists of wood walls, floors, and roofs. However, this construction type is typically not very fire-resistant and poses safety and health issues. In addition, residential construction sites are generally located in urban areas, where regulations are more stringent to protect pedestrians.
Residential construction projects include building and remodeling projects. These projects are typically smaller than commercial construction, and the underlying property owner serves as the project manager. They have financial, legal, and design considerations. The majority of residential construction projects involve renovations and room additions. They also include the installation of utilities and equipment.
There are five main types of building construction. Each class has varying fire resistance requirements. Tall buildings, including apartments, hotels, and commercial buildings, have the highest fire resistance requirements. On the other hand, tall buildings are constructed with reinforced concrete and protected steel. These buildings are typically non-combustible.
Commercial construction differs from industrial construction in its emphasis on building design. While retail spaces focus more on smooth consumer access, industrial facilities focus on functionality. They are often designed to accommodate heavy machinery. Industrial construction requires skilled project managers and artisans on the site. An excellent industrial construction company will be aware of and prevent problems
|
<urn:uuid:ccccbeb4-31f6-4767-a94f-19c5bb7be6f3>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-14
|
https://petergreniernewhampshire.wordpress.com/blog/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296943555.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20230320175948-20230320205948-00525.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.953015 | 533 | 3 | 3 |
WASHINGTON -- Gunnar, the Smithsonian National Zoo's elderly gray seal who died on Friday, did not lead a boring life.
Gunnar spent his early life as part of the U.S. Navy's marine mammal program -- that's a program that studies the use of marine mammals, like dolphins and seals, in the military.
Dolphins have been taught to do things like detect mines, identify enemy swimmers and escort oil tankers through the Persian Gulf. And some people believe dolphins have also been trained to shoot guns.
The Navy taught Gunnar and Selkie, the Zoo's two gray seals, both born in 1973 and captured in Iceland at about six months old, to use screwdrivers and to perform underwater tasks.
But they didn't last long in the military, according to a 2008 Zoogoer article:
The gray seals were taught how to retrieve items, insert and remove equipment, use a screwdriver, and even turn a large wheel valve. Eventually, seals were dropped from the training program, in part because they were not as consistent in their performance as other animals, such as California sea lions and bottlenose dolphins -- which are still used today. One Navy trainer specifically remembers the Zoo’s female seal, Selkie, because of her distinctive behavior. He would take her by boat for an ocean training session. Sometimes she’d put her head in, enter the water, and practice her skills. Other times, she would pull her head back out of the water and stay put -- which meant she wouldn’t cooperate, so he would simply give up and head back to shore with her.
Gunnar and Selkie came to the National Zoo in 1979, and had two babies in the ensuing years; the pups were sent to live at an aquarium in Camden, N.J.
The 2008 Zoogoer article quotes Linda Moore, a National Zoo biologist, as saying that Selkie "still displays some of the skills she learned" in the Navy, but Gunnar's displays were more rare and unexpected:
Moore was surprised recently when Gunnar displayed his problemsolving abilities -- perhaps instilled from his Navy days. When Moore was feeding Gunnar, one fish dropped to the bottom of the pool and disappeared under the drain grate. Moore showed Gunnar the empty fish bucket, which is how keepers indicate a feeding is over. She planned to then go flush the fallen fish out of the drain -- but noticed Gunnar swimming toward the drain. “He took his front flipper and began waving it rapidly over the grate. Suddenly the fish popped up out of the grate and Gunnar ate it! This was obviously something he had figured out how to do on his own, and it didn’t appear to be the first time he had done it.”
Gunnar was 38 years old when he died. The zoo said in a statement that his health was in decline for several months before he died.
Selkie is alive but no longer on display at the zoo. Gunnar and Selkie's two pups, Kara and Kjia, will soon leave New Jersey to come back home -- they're scheduled to return to the National Zoo in the fall as part of the new American Trail exhibit.
|
<urn:uuid:5685f442-eb8e-4710-b3eb-38448ec5c9ee>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-48
|
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/06/25/gunnar-zoo-seal-dies_n_1624682.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1387345776447/warc/CC-MAIN-20131218054936-00065-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.985227 | 666 | 2.921875 | 3 |
This study compares biodiversity indicators based on plant and bird communities in eight mosaic landscapes in Hungary, dominated by a mixture of agro-ecosystems and grasslands. The eight landscapes were selected to represent the diversity of the mixed agricultural landscapes of South-East Europe, where a mosaic pattern of intensively managed farmlands and high nature value semi natural grasslands is still relatively prevalent. Bird communities were described using several assemblage-level (species number, total abundance, and Shannon diversity of the assemblage, based on 15 pre-selected key farmland bird species), as well as species-level (presence/absence of the 15 bird species) indicators, which were checked against a synthetic landscape quality indicator describing the degradation of the local plant communities with respect to an ideal baseline (vegetation-based natural capital index, NCI). The authors were interested if and how the assemblage- and species-level bird indicators can describe landscape quality in South-East European agricultural mosaic landscapes.
It was found that assemblage-level bird indicators were poorly associated to the landscape quality measured in terms of NCI: only total abundance correlated significantly with NCI. On the other hand, species-level indicators were much more successful in predicting landscape quality. Six (Alauda arvensis, Emberiza calandra, Falco tinnunculus, Motacilla flava, Limosa limosa, Vanellus vanellus) of the 15 farmland bird species studied showed significant positive correlation with NCI, while three species (Emberiza citrinella, Galerida cristata, Sylvia communis) exhibited negative correlations. We also found that it was possible to draw conclusions about the landscape quality in an agricultural landscape based on the bird communities better, than to predict the bird assemblages from vegetation condition.
The negative correlations for species that indicate good quality habitats in Western Europe, underline the context specificity of biodiversity indicators: whereas the conditions preferred by these species can be considered relatively natural in Western Europe, they correspond to relatively degraded habitats in South-East Europe. The nine farmland bird species which showed a significant connection to NCI can be seen as potential candidates for a regional Farmland Bird Index customized for agricultural landscapes in South-East Europe, in the Pannonian biogeographic region, or in Hungary
|
<urn:uuid:da781ed2-87ed-41e6-b941-d20e295594f1>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-39
|
http://www.okologia.mta.hu/node/9374
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818689615.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20170923085617-20170923105617-00707.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.931477 | 473 | 2.71875 | 3 |
KOCHI: People in Kerala are consuming vegetables and fruits with lesser pesticide residues in the last couple of years, thanks to the initiatives of state departments of agriculture and food safety departments.
According to agriculture department officials, in the last four years, there has been a reduction in the percentage of pesticide contamination. The total percentage of contamination has come down from 18 per cent in 2013 to eight per cent in 2016. “These figures are based on the concept of presence of pesticide residue rather than magnitude, quantity or toxicity. We went by the simple principle that the pesticide should not be present in it,” said Dr Thomas Biju Mathew, project coordinator and head, Pesticide Residue Research and Analytical Laboratory (PRAAL), College of Agriculture, Vellayani.
He said that highest quantum of pesticide residues were seen in chillies, mint, coriander, curry leaves, leafy vegetables, carrots and cauliflower,
“One of the most important lessons that people learnt was to cultivate something of their own in their backyard.When we started off, almost 75% of the produce came from outside the state.Now this has come down drastically ,” he added.
However, the concern remains over the contamination seen in condiments and spices. The samples were collected from the second year and even now there is no drop in the residue seen in many of the powders. The common pesticide residues found were Chlorpyriphos, Cypermethrin, Fenvalerate, Bifenthrin, Lambda Cyhalothrin, Dimethoate, Profenophos, Malathion and Ethion.
Interestingly , rice, be it from Kerala or outside, does not seem to have been affected by pesticides. “The integrated pest management is in place in case of paddy . Also, even if there is some kind of spraying, it is done within 60 days while the harvest is in 90 days. Later, there is a process of drying to milling which will further clear any kind of residues,” he added.
In many cases, apart from increased surveillance, officials of the food safety and PRAAL who collected samples from super markets and high-end shops which were selling pesticide-ridden produce under the guise of organic products were alerted and warned. They were told to monitor and correct their methods of acquisition and monitoring if they were selling it as `organic’ brands.
|
<urn:uuid:0e2a2b37-5fdd-4ebe-862c-6aa32c592314>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-43
|
https://pesproppt.wordpress.com/2017/03/29/pesticide-surveillance-pays-off/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187823067.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20171018180631-20171018200631-00468.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.973437 | 500 | 2.546875 | 3 |
A Hewlett-Packard design team headed by Howard Hilton in Lake Stevens, Washington was responsible for placing what is perhaps the World's smallest rendition of a kestrel (sparrow hawk) on a numerically-controlled oscillator/mixer integrated circuit. This chip contains about 180,000 transistors and was code-named Kestrel or 1FW4. Released in April 1991, the logical design was produced by Dr. John Guilford at the Hewlett-Packard Lake Stevens, Washington facility, while the physical design was crafted by Garry Petrie and Paul Nuber in Fort Collins, Colorado. The original artwork for the kestrel bird was drawn by Lynn Mahnke in 1990, and her signature (Lynn '90) appears to the right of the bird's tail feathers. The chip was loaned for imaging by Dr. John Guilford of Agilent Technologies (formerly Hewlett-Packard).
The kestrel, with a wingspread of merely 22 inches, is the only small hovering hawk found in North America. Being smaller than the related merlin (pigeon hawk) and peregrine falcon, kestrels feed mainly on insects and mice, and seldom on other birds.
Females are a bit larger than their male counterparts, have an average wingspan of 24.5 inches, and a bantam weight of 4 ounces. Kestrels demonstrate sexual dichromatism, with the females displaying more subdued color tones in contrast to the brighter, rufous-colored males. Ornithologists know this tiny raptor as Falco sparverius, a species originally described by the renowned zoologist and pioneering taxonomist, Carolus Linnaeus. Taxonomists have scientifically described four subspecies for the American kestrel, which is related to the European kestrel. In north-central Florida, Southeastern American kestrels (F. s. paulus) have lost more than 80 percent of their critical habitat, and are classified by the State of Florida as a threatened species. Categorized in the family Falconidae, this bird species has acquired several common names including grasshopper hawk, mouse hawk, short-winged hawk, American kestrel, rusty-crowned falcon, windhover, and kitty hawk. It is fitting that America's aviation industry was born on a beach on the Outer Banks of North Carolina named for this agile flier.
Largely migratory, American kestrels winter throughout the lower 48 states of the United States, through Mexico, and into Panama. Breeding areas range to the north into Alaska and the Northwest Territories, and east to Nova Scotia. Kestrels are generalists in their habitat preferences, and occupy nearly all types of open grassland, shrub land, and forest edges. In rural areas, kestrels are often observed perched on overhead utility lines between predatory forays over prairies and croplands. As consumers of insects and rodents, these tiny raptors should be considered important allies to farmers. Because they are cavity nesters, kestrel populations have suffered in areas where timber harvesting practices remove older trees, but the birds are willing to utilize artificial nest boxes posted on utility poles and fence posts.
Exemplifying the life history pattern of being small in size, maturing quickly, and having a short life span, both sexes of the American kestrel are capable of breeding as yearlings. The breeding season of the sparrow hawk varies geographically based on climatic conditions, and pairing occurs between mates about 10 weeks before egg laying commences, resulting in a clutch size of 3 to 7 eggs. Two matings can occur per breeding season, and with an incubation period of about one month, kestrel populations can rapidly respond to increased prey availability. If a predator or storm destroys the first group of eggs, the female can lay an additional clutch. After one month, the young are ready to fledge. Although some records record kestrels living as long as 11 years, they usually don't survive past a year in age.
Potential predators of American kestrels include great horned owls, golden eagles, red-tailed hawks, and prairie falcons. Nest raiding by crows and ravens, raccoons, skunks, and coyotes also takes its toll on kestrel numbers. Because kestrels depend on small mammals and insects for their diet, this avian species is susceptible to poisoning associated with pest management practices. Lower reproductive success and die-offs have resulted from the build up of pesticide residues in local kestrel populations. Habitat destruction due to over-harvesting of timber, establishment of even-age pine plantations, and forest clearing for crops and fruit orchards have eliminated much of the natural range of this miniature falcon. However, unlike many species of raptor, the American kestrel appears fairly tolerant of human disturbance.
© 1995-2019 by Michael W. Davidson and The Florida State University. All Rights Reserved. No images, graphics, software, scripts, or applets may be reproduced or used in any manner without permission from the copyright holders. Use of this website means you agree to all of the Legal Terms and Conditions set forth by the owners.
This website is maintained by our
|
<urn:uuid:6fde85f3-2ecd-4109-8951-565fb0e2d188>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-29
|
https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/creatures/pages/kestrel.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657149205.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20200714051924-20200714081924-00018.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.940213 | 1,101 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Ek Onkar (Gurmukhi: ੴ, ਇੱਕ ਓਅੰਕਾਰ; Ekk Ōankār Punjabi pronunciation: [ɪkː oəŋkaɾ]) is the symbol that represents the One Supreme Reality and is a central tenet of Sikh religious philosophy. Ik (ਇੱਕ) means one and only one, who cannot be compared or contrasted with any other, (ਓਅੰਕਾਰ) is the one universal ever flowing divine melody and existential unstruck, never-ending sound of God.
To simplify Ik means one, Oang the creator and Kar means the creation. So the creator and his creation are not different and He the supreme creator resides everywhere and in everything.
The sound is Oang (anhad naad) and Kar is the never ending continuation of Oang sound. This melody manifests in billions of galaxies and universes and leads to protect and preserve. Ultimately, everything gets merged back into this sound; this has happened countless times before.
It is a symbol of the unity of God in Sikhism, meaning God is One or One God, and is found in all religious scriptures and places such as Gurdwaras. Derived from Punjabi, Ik Onkār is the first phrase in the Mool Mantar referring to the existence of "one constant divine melody" which is proved by Gurbani itself in:
ਓਅੰਕਾਰ ਏਕ ਧੁਨਿ ਏਕੈ।।
Oangkar one and only divine melody
ਏਕੈ ਰਾਗੁ ਅਲਾਪੈ।।
One melody is tuned
ਏਕਾ ਦੇਸੀ ਏਕੁ ਦਿਖਾਵੈ ਏਕੋ ਰਹਿਆ ਬਿਆਪੈ।। ਮਹਲਾ ੫
One is his land, one way he shows and that one is omnipresent.
Page 885 (Shree Guru Granth Sahib Ji)
ਓਅੰ ਆਦਿ ਸਰੂਪੈ।।
ਓਅੰ ਗੁਰਮੁਖਿ ਕੀੲੋ ਪਸਾਰਾ।।
It is found in the Gurmukhi script and is consequently also part of the Sikh morning prayer, Japji Sahib. It is a combination of two characters, the numeral ੧, Ikk (one) and the first letter of the word Onkar (Constant taken to mean God) - which also happens to be the first letter of the Gurmukhī script - an ūṛā, ੳ, coupled with a specially adapted vowel symbol hōṛā, yielding ਓ.
It is also the opening phrase of the Mul Mantar, present as opening phrase in the Guru Granth Sahib, and the first composition of Guru Nanak. Further, the Mul Mantar is also at the beginning of the Japji Sahib, followed by 38 hymns and a final Salok at the end of this composition.
The phrase is a compound of the numeral one (ik) and onkar, states Doniger, canonically understood in Sikhism to refer to "absolute monotheistic unity of God". Ik Onkar has a prominent position at the head of the Mul Mantar and the opening words of the Sri Guru Granth Sahib.
The Onkar of Sikhism is related to Om in Hinduism. Sikhs disagree that Ik Onkar is same as Om. Onkar is, states Wazir Singh, a "variation of Om (Aum) of the ancient Indian scriptures (with a slight change in its orthography), implying the seed-force that evolves as the universe". Guru Nanak wrote a poem entitled Oankar in which, states Doniger, he "attributed the origin and sense of speech to the Divinity, who is thus the Om-maker".
Oankar ('the Primal Sound') created Brahma, Oankar fashioned the consciousness,
From Oankar came mountains and ages, Oankar produced the Vedas,
By the grace of Oankar, people were saved through the divine word,
By the grace of Oankar, they were liberated through the teachings of the Guru.— Ramakali Dakkhani, Adi Granth 929-930, Translated by Pashaura Singh
It is constituted of two components - Ek and Onkar. Ek means one, and is written as a numerical figure '1'. Onkar stands for the Primal mystical Divine Name of God referred to as Brahman in the Vedic literature. In order to grasp fully the underlying spiritual significance and meaning of Ek-Onkar each of its components needs to be studied in depth, beginning with Onkar.
The root of Onkar is traceable to the Hindu sacred syllable Om, also written as Aum. Historically, in the beginning, Om was used as a reply of approval or consent. It is equivalent to the English word 'Amen' uttered at the end of a Christian prayer, meaning 'so be it'.
At a later stage, with the evolution of Indian philosophic thought, the sages of Upanishads pronounced it as an adequate symbol of the Absolute Transcendent Reality, Brahman. It is considered as the unity of all sound to which all matters and energy are reduced in their primordial form, hence fit as a symbol for Atman (soul) or Brahman, the Supreme Being, which is the unity of all existence. These - and possibly some other - considerations led the Vedic sages to accord to Om the highest Divine reverence and worship. As a very sacred and powerful Mantra it forms part of daily worship and meditation by Hindu devotees. It is treated as the holiest symbol of Divinity calling it Nada Brahma or Shabda Brahma in the form of sound. Its nearest equivalent in the West is Logos or the 'Word'. St. John's Gospel expounds it thus:
"in the beginning was the Word and the Word was with God and the Word was God." The Word was the true light that enlightens all men!
Written in original, it is composed of three letters of Sanskrit alphabet, corresponding to A U M of English alphabet. According to certain interpretations, the three sounds represent three facets of Nirguna Parabrahm Paramatma - the One Formless Supreme Being. These facets namely are creation, preservation, and destruction. Symbolically, these different facets of the One are sometimes represented in the Sagun forms of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. There always is consciousness in Hinduism, however, that these forms are simply representations of the One.
Guru Nanak followed in the tradition of Nirguna Parabrahm Paramatma - One and Only One Formless Supreme Being, an Indivisible Entity. This belief in the unity of God he has re-iterated in various ways in his other compositions as well. At one place he emphatically affirms, Sahib mera Eko hai, Eko hai Bhai, eko hai.
'My Master is One, One only, Oh Brother, He is Sole.'
So Guru Nanak's revealed Scripture place numerical figure '1' before Onkar thus enhancing his firm conviction in the unity of God. Its main importance and underlying significance lies in the fact that one is not represented by 'one' in words, but by a numerical figure '1'; thus completely eliminating any possibility of words being given different meaning. It was Guru Nanak's own inspired vision that transformed AUM into Ek-Onkar representing the Supreme Being, the Sole Absolute Eternal Reality which, while manifesting itself in multiplicity as Onkar, is still in its essence 'Sole and Absolute'; Transcendent as well as Immanent. Impersonal is also Personal in Ek-Onkar.
By the large, Sikhs worship 'Waheguru' as God's name for constant remembrance by repetition aloud or Sotto Voce. In Sikh parlance, this is known as 'Naam Simran'. There are, however, many a Sikh who also meditate upon and use Ek-Onkar for 'Naam Simran'. Like 'Waheguru' this is also considered to be a powerful Mantra for achieving spiritual progress and Divine Grace for final emancipation of the individual soul.
In conclusion, it can be said that Ek-Onkar is the true symbol of Sikhism given to us by Guru Nanak based on his spiritual experience and inspired vision at the very inception of the Sikh faith.
last1=in Authors list (help)
the 'a,' 'u,' and 'm' of aum have also been explained as signifying the three principles of creation, sustenance and annihilation. ... aumkār in relation to existence implies plurality, ... but its substitute Ekonkar definitely implies singularity in spite of the seeming multiplicity of existence. ...
|
<urn:uuid:2b1869f6-1296-4511-8da0-b65940243180>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-10
|
http://theinfolist.com/php/SummaryGet.php?FindGo=Ik_Onkar
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875144165.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20200219153707-20200219183707-00398.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.939244 | 1,974 | 2.828125 | 3 |
An equation relating the rate constant of a chemical reaction and the temperature at which the reaction is taking place:
k = Aexp(–Ea/RT)
where A is a constant, k the rate constant, T the thermodynamic temperature in kelvins, R the gas constant, and Ea the activation energy of the reaction. Reactions proceed at different rates at different temperatures, i.e. the magnitude of the rate constant is temperature dependent.
The Arrhenius equation is often written in a logarithmic form, i.e.
logek = logeA – E/2.3RT
This equation enables the activation energy for a reaction to be determined. The equation is named for the Swedish physical chemist Svante August Arrhenius (1859–1927).
|
<urn:uuid:349697fe-3356-4d2c-96bd-8c7e90f8ccdb>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-23
|
https://www.chemistry4students.com/2018/11/arrhenius-equation.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224647614.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20230601042457-20230601072457-00517.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.901655 | 169 | 3.53125 | 4 |
1.0 Introduction 3 - 6
1.1 Background to the problem
1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Research Questions
1.4 Purpose of the study
1.5 Significance of the study
1.6 Delimitations and Limitations
1.7 Definition of Variables
2.0 Review of Literature 7 - 22
2.2 What is the Banking Sector and what institutions make
up the Banking Sector?
2.3 What is Customer Satisfaction and what is the importance
of customer satisfaction?
2.4 What are the technological Improvements made in the
2.5 What are the challenges of implementing these improvements
in the Jamaican Banking Sector?
2.6 How has the Technological Advancements Improved Customer
Satisfaction in the Banking Sector?
3.0 Methodology and Procedures 23 - 33
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Population and Sample
3.4 Instrument Design
3.5 Validation of Questionnaires
3.6 Data Collection Procedures
3.7 Data Treatment
3.8 Ethical Considerations
4.0 Conclusion and Implications 34 '' 38
4.1 Conclusion and Implications
BACKGROUND TO THE PROBLEM
Banking is a commercial process providing a wide range of financial services, such as holding and transferring money, providing loans, and giving stability to the financial sector of the economy. There are a variety of sectors in the banking industry. These banking sectors deal with the public as well as with small and medium-sized businesses and corporations. Since the organization is dealing with the public and businesses and corporations it is therefore a necessity for banks to have quality customer service. Customer service... [continues]
Cite This Essay
(2009, 04). How the Advancements in Technology Have Improved Customer Satisfaction in the Banking Sector. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 04, 2009, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/How-The-Advancements-In-Technology-Have-201312.html
"How the Advancements in Technology Have Improved Customer Satisfaction in the Banking Sector" StudyMode.com. 04 2009. 2009. 04 2009 <http://www.studymode.com/essays/How-The-Advancements-In-Technology-Have-201312.html>.
- MLA 7
"How the Advancements in Technology Have Improved Customer Satisfaction in the Banking Sector." StudyMode.com. StudyMode.com, 04 2009. Web. 04 2009. <http://www.studymode.com/essays/How-The-Advancements-In-Technology-Have-201312.html>.
"How the Advancements in Technology Have Improved Customer Satisfaction in the Banking Sector." StudyMode.com. 04, 2009. Accessed 04, 2009. http://www.studymode.com/essays/How-The-Advancements-In-Technology-Have-201312.html.
|
<urn:uuid:0ac7d87b-09c9-4098-b504-570acfdc262d>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-48
|
http://www.studymode.com/essays/How-The-Advancements-In-Technology-Have-201312.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163052970/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204131732-00096-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.772101 | 622 | 2.578125 | 3 |
by Sandy Fairfield, MARS Education Coordinator
Love them or hate them Crows are considered to be one of the most intelligent of birds.
With few exceptions Crows are found world wide, Vancouver Island is home to the Northwestern Crow, American Crows are also found in the Vancouver area. Crows can be distinguished from the Common Raven by their beaks and overall body shape, both being smaller and less stocky. Tail shapes, square for Crows wedged shaped for Ravens also help identify them.
Black coloration enables Crows to recognize each other during the day, when roosting together at night it provides great camouflage and protection. Far from being endangered Crows have survived in great numbers, mostly because they are opportunistic feeders, eating anything they can find. Being highly intelligent they know where the best food source is, hiding it for later consumption. They have also figured out ways to open nuts or shellfish dropping them onto roads where cars run over and open them up! Their social interaction and communication has also contributed to their proliferation. If attacked or in distress other Crows will flock to protect to each other, they will loudly ward off predators. Other calls may be telling each other where food supply is abundant, often garbage we have provided for them.”Bob” is a 2003 juvenile who came to us from a school yard. We became aware of “Bob” from a call to MARS, regarding a Crow aggressively harassing students. Observing the Crow at the school, it displayed normal behaviour for a healthy young bird, exploring paper and other objects with its beak. It was not long before a small student, of whom Bob was fearless, came along to play (students had been informed to leave the birds alone by the school). However, when the “Rescuers from MARS” moved in, Bob was gone. This bird was imprinted on children recognizing them as a food source and when food was no longer offered Bob became aggressive in his demands. Fortunately Bob was kidnapped, and after a short stay incognito in a small student’s basement, he was turned over to MARS.
Apart from some minor intestinal problems he was otherwise healthy. He was placed with a Wildlife rehabber who has permits to keep imprinted Crows releasing them only when they recognize their new home. It is important also to remember that Crows are highly susceptible to West Nile Virus (currently no reported cases in B.C). MARS is part of the collection program for this disease, and we discourage people from handling Crows or any other wildlife. After “Bob’s” exposure to humans his ability to function in his natural habitat was severely diminished. He became a menace to many small children around the school, swooping over their heads in search of candy or chips – an unhealthy diet for a young bird. This case once again reminds us that some wild birds can be easily imprinted on humans, it is also illegal to capture and confine any wildlife.
You can help us feed these birds by calling MARS @ 250-337-2021.
|
<urn:uuid:c968a6b7-2c45-4421-9b6f-293e4b3666c5>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://marswildliferescue.com/crows/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506329.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20230922034112-20230922064112-00161.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.977525 | 639 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.