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Mannarghat Muppil Nair (Kunnattattil Madambil Nair) was the royal title usually given to the eldest male member of Mannarghat Muppil Nair family. He was a "desavazhi" (provincial governor) under Valluvanad (southern Malabar, India), looking after the eastern boundary and the hilly areas. The Nairs had considerable land holdings in the area and also held about 70% of the land in Attappadi, including Silent Valley.
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School district in California
The Keppel Union School District is a school district that serves the far eastern parts of the city of Palmdale, California, USA, and its immediate suburbs including Littlerock, Pearblossom, Sun Village, Llano, and Lake Los Angeles.
The Keppel Union School District has approximately 3,100 students enrolled in 6 schools:
The Keppel Union School District is only serving kindergarten through the 8th grade. All high school level education (9th - 12th grades) in the metropolitan area is provided by the Antelope Valley Union High School District.
List of schools
Elementary Schools
As of the 2011-2012 school year (starting August 8, 2011), each of the above elementary schools expanded into the eighth grade so that each Keppel Elementary School campus will include kindergarten to the eighth grade (K through 8th grade).
Junior high school
Keppel Academy operated under the name of Almondale Middle School when it was built in 1959 to July 1, 2010 when the Keppel Union School District board members renamed the campus, Keppel Academy. Keppel Academy added 5th grade to its campus in the 2013-2014 school year after three school years of only having three grade levels (6th through 8th).
Alternate Schools
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Indian film director
G. Ashok is an Indian film director and screenwriter who works predominantly in Telugu cinema. Ashok made his directorial debut Ushodayam (2007) which won him Nandi Award for Best Children's Film Director. He went on to direct films such as Aakasa Ramanna, Pilla Zamindar, Sukumarudu ,Chitrangada, and Bhaagamathie.
Personal life
G. Ashok was born in Ongole, Andhra Pradesh. He married Vijaya in 2009, and the couple has three children.
Career
He is a classical dancer and good at 13 various Indian classical dances. T Krishna cast him in Repati Pourulu when he was 6 years old. Later, he worked as a child artist in 15 films. He made his debut as a dance assistant in 1997 and worked for over 300 songs as a choreographer and dance assistant. He has worked under dance masters like DKS Babu, Swarnalatha, Lawrence and Raju Sundaram. He worked for films like Master, Annamayya, Pelli, Osey Ramulamma and Jeans. Director Bala was his roommate when he was in Chennai.
He received a Nandi Award for Best Director for a Children's Film for his directorial debut Ushodayam (2007).
In 2010, he directed Aakasa Ramanna, starring Allari Naresh. In 2011, he directed Pilla Zamindar with Nani and Haripriya on the lead. In 2013, he directed Sukumarudu with Aadi and Nisha Agarwal. He is best known for his work on Bhaagamathie (2018) with Anushka Shetty.
Filmography
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaleh_Joghd"}
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Village in Lorestan, Iran
Qaleh Joghd (Persian: قلعه جغد, also Romanized as Qalʿeh Joghd) is a village in Robat Rural District, in the Central District of Khorramabad County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 101, in 22 families.
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Hypothetical scenario for the origin of life
The iron–sulfur world hypothesis is a set of proposals for the origin of life and the early evolution of life advanced in a series of articles between 1988 and 1992 by Günter Wächtershäuser, a Munich patent lawyer with a degree in chemistry, who had been encouraged and supported by philosopher Karl R. Popper to publish his ideas. The hypothesis proposes that early life may have formed on the surface of iron sulfide minerals, hence the name. It was developed by retrodiction (making a "prediction" about the past) from extant biochemistry (non-extinct, surviving biochemistry) in conjunction with chemical experiments.
Origin of life
Pioneer organism
Wächtershäuser proposes that the earliest form of life, termed the "pioneer organism", originated in a volcanic hydrothermal flow at high pressure and high (100 °C) temperature. It had a composite structure of a mineral base with catalytic transition metal centers (predominantly iron and nickel, but also perhaps cobalt, manganese, tungsten and zinc). The catalytic centers catalyzed autotrophic carbon fixation pathways generating small molecule (non-polymer) organic compounds from inorganic gases (e.g. carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen sulfide). These organic compounds were retained on or in the mineral base as organic ligands of the transition metal centers with a flow retention time in correspondence with their mineral bonding strength thereby defining an autocatalytic "surface metabolism". The catalytic transition metal centers became autocatalytic by being accelerated by their organic products turned ligands. The carbon fixation metabolism became autocatalytic by forming a metabolic cycle in the form of a primitive sulfur-dependent version of the reductive citric acid cycle. Accelerated catalysts expanded the metabolism and new metabolic products further accelerated the catalysts. The idea is that once such a primitive autocatalytic metabolism was established, its intrinsically synthetic chemistry began to produce ever more complex organic compounds, ever more complex pathways and ever more complex catalytic centers.
Nutrient conversions
The water gas shift reaction (CO + H2O → CO2 + H2) occurs in volcanic fluids with diverse catalysts or without catalysts. The combination of ferrous sulfide (FeS, troilite) and hydrogen sulfide (H
2S) as reducing agents (both reagents are simultaneously oxidized in the reaction here under creating the disulfide bond, S–S) in conjunction with pyrite (FeS
2) formation:
FeS + H2S → FeS2 + 2 H+ + 2 e−
or with H2 directly produced instead of 2 H+ + 2 e−
FeS + H2S → FeS2 + H2
has been demonstrated under mild volcanic conditions. This key result has been disputed. Nitrogen fixation has been demonstrated for the isotope 15N2 in conjunction with pyrite formation. Ammonia forms from nitrate with FeS/H2S as reductant. Methylmercaptan [CH3-SH] and carbon oxysulfide [COS] form from CO2 and FeS/H2S, or from CO and H2 in the presence of NiS.
Synthetic reactions
Reaction of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methanethiol CH3SH in the presence of nickel sulfide and iron sulfide generates the methyl thioester of acetic acid [CH3-CO-SCH3] and presumably thioacetic acid (CH3-CO-SH) as the simplest activated acetic acid analogues of acetyl-CoA. These activated acetic acid derivatives serve as starting materials for subsequent exergonic synthetic steps. They also serve for energy coupling with endergonic reactions, notably the formation of (phospho)anhydride compounds. However, Huber and Wächtershäuser reported low 0.5% acetate yields based on the input of CH3SH (methanethiol) (8 mM) in the presence of 350 mM CO. This is about 500 times and 3700 times the highest CH3SH and CO concentrations respectively measured to date in a natural hydrothermal vent fluid.
Reaction of nickel hydroxide with hydrogen cyanide (HCN) (in the presence or absence of ferrous hydroxide, hydrogen sulfide or methyl mercaptan) generates nickel cyanide, which reacts with carbon monoxide (CO) to generate pairs of α-hydroxy and α-amino acids: e.g. glycolate/glycine, lactate/alanine, glycerate/serine; as well as pyruvic acid in significant quantities. Pyruvic acid is also formed at high pressure and high temperature from CO, H2O, FeS in the presence of nonyl mercaptan. Reaction of pyruvic acid or other α-keto acids with ammonia in the presence of ferrous hydroxide or in the presence of ferrous sulfide and hydrogen sulfide generates alanine or other α-amino acids. Reaction of α-amino acids in aqueous solution with COS or with CO and H2S generates a peptide cycle wherein dipeptides, tripeptides etc. are formed and subsequently degraded via N-terminal hydantoin moieties and N-terminal urea moieties and subsequent cleavage of the N-terminal amino acid unit.
Proposed reaction mechanism for reduction of CO2 on FeS: Ying et al. (2007)[citation needed] have shown that direct transformation of mackinawite (FeS) to pyrite (FeS2) on reaction with H2S till 300 °C is not possible without the presence of critical amount of oxidant. In the absence of any oxidant, FeS reacts with H2S up to 300 °C to give pyrrhotite. Farid et al.[citation needed] have experimentally shown that mackinawite (FeS) has ability to reduce CO2 to CO at temperature higher than 300 °C. They reported that the surface of FeS is oxidized, which on reaction with H2S gives pyrite (FeS2). It is expected that CO reacts with H2O in the Drobner experiment to give H2.
Early evolution
Early evolution is defined as beginning with the origin of life and ending with the last universal common ancestor (LUCA). According to the iron–sulfur world theory it covers a coevolution of cellular organization (cellularization), the genetic machinery and enzymatization of the metabolism.
Cellularization
Cellularization occurs in several stages. It may have begun with the formation of primitive lipids (e.g. fatty acids or isoprenoid acids) in the surface metabolism. These lipids accumulate on or in the mineral base. This lipophilizes the outer or inner surfaces of the mineral base, which promotes condensation reactions over hydrolytic reactions by lowering the activity of water and protons.
In the next stage lipid membranes are formed. While still anchored to the mineral base they form a semi-cell bounded partly by the mineral base and partly by the membrane. Further lipid evolution leads to self-supporting lipid membranes and closed cells. The earliest closed cells are pre-cells (sensu Kandler) because they allow frequent exchange of genetic material (e.g. by fusions). According to Woese, this frequent exchange of genetic material is the cause for the existence of the common stem in the tree of life and for a very rapid early evolution.
Proto-ecological systems
William Martin and Michael Russell suggest that the first cellular life forms may have evolved inside alkaline hydrothermal vents at seafloor spreading zones in the deep sea. These structures consist of microscale caverns that are coated by thin membraneous metal sulfide walls. Therefore, these structures would resolve several critical points germane to Wächtershäuser's suggestions at once:
This model locates the "last universal common ancestor" (LUCA) within the inorganically formed physical confines of an alkaline hydrothermal vent, rather than assuming the existence of a free-living form of LUCA. The last evolutionary step en route to bona fide free-living cells would be the synthesis of a lipid membrane that finally allows the organisms to leave the microcavern system of the vent. This postulated late acquisition of the biosynthesis of lipids as directed by genetically encoded peptides is consistent with the presence of completely different types of membrane lipids in archaea and bacteria (plus eukaryotes). The kind of vent at the foreground of their suggestion is chemically more similar to the warm (ca. 100 °C) off ridge vents such as Lost City than to the more familiar black smoker type vents (ca. 350 °C).
In an abiotic world, a thermocline of temperatures and a chemocline in concentration is associated with the pre-biotic synthesis of organic molecules, hotter in proximity to the chemically rich vent, cooler but also less chemically rich at greater distances. The migration of synthesized compounds from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration gives a directionality that provides both source and sink in a self-organizing fashion, enabling a proto-metabolic process by which acetic acid production and its eventual oxidization can be spatially organized.
In this way many of the individual reactions that are today found in central metabolism could initially have occurred independent of any developing cell membrane. Each vent microcompartment is functionally equivalent to a single cell. Chemical communities having greater structural integrity and resilience to wildly fluctuating conditions are then selected for; their success would lead to local zones of depletion for important precursor chemicals. Progressive incorporation of these precursor components within a cell membrane would gradually increase metabolic complexity within the cell membrane, whilst leading to greater environmental simplicity in the external environment. In principle, this could lead to the development of complex catalytic sets capable of self-maintenance.
Russell adds a significant factor to these ideas, by pointing out that semi-permeable mackinawite (an iron sulfide mineral) and silicate membranes could naturally develop under these conditions and electrochemically link reactions separated in space, if not in time[clarification needed].
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_forest"}
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Areas of land in the British Isles
A royal forest, occasionally known as a kingswood (Latin: silva regis), is an area of land with different definitions in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. The term forest in the ordinary modern understanding refers to an area of wooded land; however, the original medieval sense was closer to the modern idea of a "preserve" – i.e. land legally set aside for specific purposes such as royal hunting – with less emphasis on its composition. There are also differing and contextual interpretations in Continental Europe derived from the Carolingian and Merovingian legal systems.
In Anglo-Saxon England, though the kings were great huntsmen, they never set aside areas declared to be "outside" (Latin foris) the law of the land. Historians find no evidence of the Anglo-Saxon monarchs (c. 500 to 1066) creating forests. However, under the Norman kings (after 1066), by royal prerogative forest law was widely applied. The law was designed to protect the venison and the vert, the "noble" animals of the chase – notably red and fallow deer, the roe deer, and the wild boar – and the greenery that sustained them. Forests were designed as hunting areas reserved for the monarch or (by invitation) the aristocracy. The concept was introduced by the Normans to England in the 11th century, and at the height of this practice in the late 12th and early 13th centuries, fully one-third of the land area of Southern England was designated as royal forest. At one stage in the 12th century, all of Essex was afforested. On his accession Henry II declared all of Huntingdonshire to be a royal forest.
Afforestation, in particular the creation of the New Forest, figured large in the folk history of the "Norman yoke", which magnified what was already a grave social ill: "the picture of prosperous settlements disrupted, houses burned, peasants evicted, all to serve the pleasure of the foreign tyrant, is a familiar element in the English national story .... The extent and intensity of hardship and of depopulation have been exaggerated", H. R. Loyn observed. Forest law prescribed harsh punishment for anyone who committed any of a range of offences within the forests; by the mid-17th century, enforcement of this law had died out, but many of England's woodlands still bore the title "Royal Forest". During the Middle Ages, the practice of reserving areas of land for the sole use of the aristocracy was common throughout Europe.
Royal forests usually included large areas of heath, grassland and wetland – anywhere that supported deer and other game. In addition, when an area was initially designated forest, any villages, towns and fields that lay within it were also subject to forest law. This could foster resentment as the local inhabitants were then restricted in the use of land they had previously relied upon for their livelihoods; however, common rights were not extinguished, but merely curtailed.
Areas chosen for Royal Forests
The areas that became Royal Forests were already relatively wild and sparsely populated, and can be related to specific geographic features that made them harder to work as farmland. Prosperous, well-farmed areas were not generally chosen to be afforested; if they were, they tended to lose the status fairly rapidly.
In the South West of England, forests extended across the Upper Jurassic Clay Vale. In the Midlands, the clay plain surrounding the River Severn was heavily wooded. Clay soils in Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Huntingdonshire and Northamptonshire formed another belt of woodlands. In Hampshire, Berkshire and Surrey, woodlands were established on sandy, gravelly acid soils. In the Scots Highlands, a "deer forest" generally has no trees at all.
Marshlands in Lincolnshire were afforested. Upland moors too were chosen, such as Dartmoor and Exmoor in the South West, and the Peak Forest of Derbyshire. The North Yorkshire moors, a sandstone plateau, had a number of Royal Forests.
Forest law
William the Conqueror, a great lover of hunting, established the system of forest law. This operated outside the common law, and served to protect game animals and their forest habitat from destruction. In the year of his death, 1087, a poem, "The Rime of King William", inserted in the Peterborough Chronicle, expresses English indignation at the forest laws.
Offences
Offences in forest law were divided into two categories: trespass against the vert (the vegetation of the forest) and trespass against the venison (the game).
The five animals of the forest protected by law were given by Manwood as the hart and hind (red deer), boar, hare and wolf. (In England, the boar became extinct in the wild by the 13th century, and the wolf by the late 15th century.) Protection was also said to be extended to the beasts of chase, the buck and doe (fallow deer), fox, marten, and roe deer, and the beasts and fowls of warren: the hare, coney, pheasant, and partridge. In addition, inhabitants of the forest were forbidden to bear hunting weapons, and dogs were banned from the forest; mastiffs were permitted as watchdogs, but they had to have their front claws removed to prevent them from hunting game. The rights of chase and of warren (i.e. to hunt such beasts) were often granted to local nobility for a fee, but were a quite separate concept.
Trespasses against the vert were extensive: they included purpresture, assarting, clearing forest land for agriculture, and felling trees or clearing shrubs, among others. These laws applied to any land within the boundary of the forest, even if it were freely owned; although the Charter of the Forest in 1217 established that all freemen owning land within the forest enjoyed the rights of agistment and pannage (see below). Under the forest laws, bloody hand was a kind of trespass by which the offender, being apprehended and found with his hands or other body part stained with blood, is judged to have killed the deer, even though he was not found hunting or chasing.
Disafforested lands on the edge of the forest were known as purlieus; agriculture was permitted here and deer escaping from the forest into them were permitted to be killed if causing damage.
Rights and privileges
Payment for access to certain rights could provide a useful source of income. Local nobles could be granted a royal licence to take a certain amount of game. The common inhabitants of the forest might, depending on their location, possess a variety of rights: estover, the right of taking firewood, pannage, the right to pasture swine in the forest, turbary, the right to cut turf (as fuel), and various other rights of pasturage (agistment) and harvesting the products of the forest. Land might be disafforested entirely, or permission given for assart and purpresture.
Officers
The justices of the forest were the justices in eyre and the verderers.
The chief royal official was the warden. As he was often an eminent and preoccupied magnate, his powers were frequently exercised by a deputy. He supervised the foresters and under-foresters, who personally went about preserving the forest and game and apprehending offenders against the law. The agisters supervised pannage and agistment and collected any fees thereto appertaining. The nomenclature of the officers can be somewhat confusing: the rank immediately below the constable were referred to as foresters-in-fee, or, later, woodwards, who held land in the forest in exchange for a rent, and advised the warden. They exercised various privileges within their bailiwicks. Their subordinates were the under-foresters, later referred to as rangers. The rangers are sometimes said to be patrollers of the purlieu.
Another group, called serjeants-in-fee, and later, foresters-in-fee (not to be confused with the above), held small estates in return for their service in patrolling the forest and apprehending offenders.
The forests also had surveyors, who determined the boundaries of the forest, and regarders. These last reported to the court of justice-seat and investigated encroachments on the forest and invasion of royal rights, such as assarting. While their visits were infrequent, due to the interval of time between courts, they provided a check against collusion between the foresters and local offenders.
Courts
Blackstone gives the following outline of the forest courts, as theoretically constructed:
In practice, these fine distinctions were not always observed. In the Forest of Dean, swainmote and the court of attachment seem to have been one and the same throughout most of its history. As the courts of justice-seat were held less frequently, the lower courts assumed the power to fine offenders against the forest laws, according to a fixed schedule. The courts of justice-seat crept into disuse, and in 1817, the office of Justice in Eyre was abolished and its powers transferred to the First Commissioner of Woods and Forests. Courts of swainmote and attachment went out of existence at various dates in the different forests. A Court of Swainmote was re-established in the New Forest in 1877.
History
Since the conquest of England, the forest, chase and warren lands had been exempted from the common law and subject only to the authority of the king, but these customs had faded into obscurity by time of The Restoration.
William the Conqueror
William I, original enactor of the Forest Law in England, did not harshly penalise offenders. The accusation that he "laid a law upon it, that whoever slew hart or hind should be blinded," according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is little more than propaganda. William Rufus, also a keen hunter, increased the severity of the penalties for various offences to include death and mutilation. The laws were in part codified under the Assize of the Forest (1184) of Henry II.
Magna Carta
Magna Carta, the charter forced upon King John of England by the English barons in 1215, contained five clauses relating to royal forests. They aimed to limit, and even reduce, the King's sole rights as enshrined in forest law. The clauses were as follows (taken from translation of the great charter (Magna Carta)):
Charter of the Forest
After the death of John, Henry III was compelled to grant the Charter of the Forest (1217), which further reformed the forest law and established the rights of agistment and pannage on private land within the forests. It also checked certain of the extortions of the foresters. An "Ordinance of the Forest" under Edward I again checked the oppression of the officers, and introduced sworn juries in the forest courts.
Great Perambulation and after
In 1300 many (if not all) forests were perambulated and reduced greatly in their extent, in theory to their extent in the time of Henry II. However, this depended on the determination of local juries, whose decisions often excluded from the Forest lands described in Domesday Book as within the forest. Successive kings tried to recover the "purlieus" excluded from a forest by the Great Perambulation of 1300. Forest officers periodically fined the inhabitants of the purlieus for failing to attend Forest Court or for forest offences. This led to complaints in Parliament. The king promised to remedy the grievances, but usually did nothing.
Several forests were alienated by Richard II and his successors, but generally the system decayed. Henry VII revived "Swainmotes" (forest courts) for several forests and held Forest Eyres in some of them. Henry VIII in 1547 placed the forests under the Court of Augmentations with two Masters and two Surveyors-General. On the abolition of that court, the two surveyors-general became responsible to the Exchequer. Their respective divisions were north and south of the River Trent.
The last serious exercise of forest law by a court of justice-seat (Forest Eyre) seems to have been in about 1635, in an attempt to raise money.
Disafforestation, sale of forest lands and the Western Rising
By the Tudor period and after, forest law had largely become anachronistic, and served primarily to protect timber in the royal forests. James I and his ministers Robert Cecil and Lionel Cranfield pursued a policy of increasing revenues from the forests and starting the process of disafforestation.
Cecil made the first steps towards abolition of the forests, as part of James I's policy of increasing his income independently of Parliament. Cecil investigated forests that were unused for royal hunting and provided little revenue from timber sales. Knaresborough Forest in Yorkshire was abolished. Revenues in the Forest of Dean were increased through sales of wood for iron smelting. Enclosures were made in Chippenham and Blackmore for herbage and pannage.
Cranfield commissioned surveys into assart lands of various forests, including Feckenham, Sedgemoor and Selwood, laying the foundations of the wide scale abolition of forests under Charles I. The commissioners appointed raised over £25,000 by compounding with occupiers, whose ownership was confirmed, subject to a fixed rent. Cranfield's work led directly to the disafforestation of Gillingham Forest in Dorset and Chippenham and Blackmore in Wiltshire. Additionally, he created the model for abolition of the forests followed throughout the 1630s.
Each disafforestation would start with a commission from the Exchequer, which would survey the forest, determine the lands belonging to the crown, and negotiate compensation for landowners and tenants whose now-traditional rights to use of the land as commons would be revoked. A legal action by the Attorney General would then proceed in the Court of Exchequer against the forest residents for intrusion, which would confirm the settlement negotiated by the commission. Crown lands would then be granted (leased), usually to prominent courtiers, and often the same figures that had undertaken the commission surveys. Legal complaints about the imposed settlements and compensation were frequent.
The disafforestations caused riots and Skimmington processions resulting in the destruction of enclosures and reoccupation of grazing lands in a number of West Country forests, including Gillingham, Braydon and Dean, known as the Western Rising. Riots also took place in Feckenham, Leicester and Malvern. The riots followed the physical enclosure of lands previously used as commons, and frequently led to the destruction of fencing and hedges. Some were said to have had a "warlike" character, with armed mobs numbering hundreds, for instance in Feckenham. The rioters in Dean fully destroyed the enclosures surrounding 3,000 acres in groups that numbered thousands of participants.
The disturbances tended to involve artisans and cottagers who were not entitled to compensation. The riots were hard to enforce against, due to the lack of efficient militia, and the low born nature of the participants. Ultimately, however, enclosure succeeded, with the exceptions of Dean and Malvern Chase.
After the Restoration
The Forest of Dean was legally re-established in 1668. A Forest Eyre was held for the New Forest in 1670, and a few for other forests in the 1660s and 1670s, but these were the last. From 1715, both surveyor's posts were held by the same person. The remaining royal forests continued to be managed (in theory, at least) on behalf of the crown. However, the commoners' rights of grazing often seem to have been more important than the rights of the crown.
In the late 1780s a Royal Commission was appointed to inquire into the condition of Crown woods and those surviving. North of the Trent it found Sherwood Forest survived, south of it: the New Forest, three others in Hampshire, Windsor Forest in Berkshire, the Forest of Dean in Gloucestershire, Waltham or Epping Forest in Essex, three forests in Northamptonshire, and Wychwood in Oxfordshire. Some of these no longer had swainmote courts thus no official supervision. They divided the remaining forests into two classes, those with and without the Crown as major landowner. In certain Hampshire forests and the Forest of Dean, most of the soil belonged to the Crown and these should be reserved to grow timber, to meet the need for oak for shipbuilding. The others would be inclosed, the Crown receiving an "allotment" (compensation) in lieu of its rights.
In 1810, responsibility for woods was moved from Surveyors-General (who accounted to the Auditors of Land Revenue) to a new Commission of Woods, Forests, and Land Revenues. From 1832 to 1851 "Works and Buildings" were added to their responsibilities. In 1851, the commissioners again became a Commissioner of Woods, Forests and Land Revenues. In 1924, the Royal Forests were transferred to the new Forestry Commission (now Forestry England).
Surviving ancient forests
Forest of Dean
The Forest of Dean was used as a source of charcoal for ironmaking within the Forest from 1612 until about 1670. It was the subject of a Reafforestation Act in 1667. Courts continued to be held at the Speech House, for example to regulate the activities of the Freeminers. The sale of cordwood for charcoal continued until at least the late 18th century. Deer were removed in 1850. The forest is today heavily wooded, as is a substantial formerly privately owned area to the west, now treated as part of the forest. It is managed by Forestry England.
Epping Forest
The extent of Epping Forest was greatly reduced by inclosure by landowners. The Corporation of London wished to see it preserved as an open space and obtained an injunction in 1874 to throw open some 3,000 acres (12 km2) that had been inclosed in the preceding 20 years. In 1875 and 1876, the corporation bought 3,000 acres (12 km2) of open waste land. Under the Epping Forest Act 1878, the forest was disafforested and forest law abolished in respect of it. Instead the corporation was appointed as Conservators of the Forest. The forest is managed through the Epping Forest Committee.
New Forest
The New Forest is home to the British cultural minority known as New Forest Commoners. An Act was passed to remove the deer in 1851, but abandoned when it was realised that the deer were needed to keep open the unwooded "lawns" of the forest. An attempt was made to develop the forest for growing wood by a rolling programme of inclosures. In 1875, a Select committee of the House of Commons recommended against this, leading to the passage of the New Forest Act 1877, which limited the Crown's right to inclose, regulated common rights, and reconstituted the Court of Verderers. A further Act was passed in 1964. This forest is also managed by Forestry England.
Sherwood Forest
A forest since the end of the Ice Age (as attested by pollen sampling cores), Sherwood Forest National Nature Reserve today encompasses 423.2 hectares, (1,045 acres) surrounding the village of Edwinstowe, the site of Thoresby Hall.
The core of the forest[citation needed] is the Special Area of Conservation named Birklands and Bilhaugh. It is a remnant of an older, much larger, royal hunting forest, which derived its name from its status as the shire (or sher) wood of Nottinghamshire, which extended into several neighbouring counties (shires), bordered on the west along the River Erewash and the Forest of East Derbyshire. When the Domesday Book was compiled in 1086, the forest covered perhaps a quarter of Nottinghamshire in woodland and heath subject to the forest laws.
Royal forests by county
England
Ireland
Only one royal forest is known to have been formed in the Lordship of Ireland.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizal:_Philippine_Nationalist_and_Martyr"}
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Rizal, subtitled Philippine Nationalist and Martyr, is the biographical book about Filipino patriot José Rizal written by British author Austin Coates. The book was published by the Oxford University Press in Hong Kong in 1968.
Description
Coates's Rizal Philippine Nationalist and Martyr is the second biographical account of the life and career of Rizal authored by a non-Filipino (the first was Vida y Escritos del Dr. José Rizal or "Life and Writings of Dr. José Rizal" written by W.E. Retana that was published in 1907, thus Coates's book on Rizal was the first European biography of Rizal since that year). The first-edition copies of the hardcover version of the book were bound in green color, only three of which has José Rizal's monogram stamped on the book cover. One is the file copy at the Oxford University Press. Another copy is owned by Coates himself. The third copy was given as a present to former Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos. Softcover reprints were also available.
Coates's book is considered as one of the "very best biographies" on the Filipino national hero. Coates emphatically explained that Rizal was the "very first exponent" of nationalism in Asia.
Translation of Rizal’s "Mi Último Adiós" poem
In the book, Coates has a translation of Rizal's poem written in the Spanish-language retroactively titled "Mi Último Adiós", translated by scholars into the English as "My Last Farewell". Although not explored enough, it sheds light on Rizal's "final statement," "state of mind," and "intimate view" of the Philippine Revolution before his death by firing squad. Floro Quibuyen discussed and compared Coates's translation of the poem's second stanza to the translation into English made by Nick Joaquín and into the first Tagalog version made by Andrés Bonifacio, with emphasis on the phrase in the second line that says "sin dudas sin pesar". According to Quibuyen, the second stanza of the poem captured Rizal's connection between personal martyrdom and the Philippine Revolution.
The original Spanish is written by Rizal as:
En campos se batalla, lunchando con delirio
Otros te dan sus vidas sin dudas, sin pesar
El sitio nada importa, cipres, laurel o lirio,
Cadalso o campo abierto, combate o cruel martirio,
Lo mismo es si lo piden la Patria y el hogar.
Coates translated the stanza as:
Others are giving you their lives on fields of battle,
Fighting joyfully, without hesitation or thought for the consequence,
How it takes place is not important.
Cypress, laurel or lily,
Scaffold or battlefield, in combat or cruel martyrdom,
It is the same when what is asked of you is for your country and your home
Quibuyen Coates's translation of "sin dudas sin pesar" which says "without hesitation or thought for the consequence." Compared to Joaquin's translation that says "without doubts, without gloom", Quibuyen revealed and described that Coates's interpretation is not only misleading and less closer to Rizal's Spanish original but is a "twist in translation" and not a "innocent stylistic transcription" that enabled Coates to insert his personal estimation about Rizal's ambivalent position towards Philippine Revolution. According to Coates, the second stanza (based on a 1977 lecture by Coates about the poem during a celebration of Rizal Day) that "a war (...) is going on. [Rizal] is [involved] or [connected] to it. [Rizal] admires those who are fighting, but [Rizal] does not entirely agree with what" was being done. Compared to Bonifacio's Tagalog version, "sin dudas,sin pesar" became "walang agam-agam, maluwag sa dibdib" with the addition of the phrase "matamis sa puso at di-ikahapis" that is not available in the versions of Coates, Joaquin, and Rizal's original. In effect, Bonifacio's version of Rizal's poem became "more joyously affirmative". "Walang agam-agam" is equal to Joaquin's "without doubts". However, the phrase "maluwag sa dibdib" is beyond Joaquin's "without gloom" because it encompasses "whole-hearted acceptance" without qualms or worries.
Quibuyen also compared Coates's translation of the third, fourth, and fifth lines of the second stanza of Rizal's final poem to Joaquin's English version and Bonifacio's Tagalog version. Coates's translated El sitio nada importa, cipres, laurel o lirio, / Cadalso o campo abierto, combate o cruel martirio, / Lo mismo es si lo piden la Patria y el hogar as How it takes place is not important. / Cypress, laurel or lily, / Scaffold or battlefield, in combat or cruel martyrdom, / It is the same when what is asked of you is for your country and your home /.
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9202a0f2-4009-4ec6-a055-e06b512de820
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halobacterium_noricense"}
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Halobacterium noricense is a halophilic, rod-shaped microorganism that thrives in environments with salt levels near saturation. Despite the implication of the name, Halobacterium is actually a genus of archaea, not bacteria. H. noricense can be isolated from environments with high salinity such as the Dead Sea and the Great Salt Lake in Utah. Members of the Halobacterium genus are excellent model organisms for DNA replication and transcription due to the stability of their proteins and polymerases when exposed to high temperatures. To be classified in the genus Halobacterium, a microorganism must exhibit a membrane composition consisting of ether-linked phosphoglycerides and glycolipids.
Scientific classification
This organism is a member of the genus Halobacterium and its taxonomic classification is as follows: Archaea, Euryarchaeota, Euryarchaeota, Halobacteria, Halobacteriales, Halobacteriaceae, Halobacterium, Halobacterium noricense. There are currently 19 known halophilic archaeal genera and 57 known species within the genus Halobacterium.
Relatives
Three reported strains Halobacterium salinarium NRC-1, Halobacterium sp. DL1, and Halobacterium salinarium R1 were compared to Halobacterium noricense strain CBA1132. The phylogenetic trees based on Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) indicated that strain CBA1132 and strain DL1 are closely related while strains NRC-1 and R1 are closely related. Multi-Locus Sequence Typing is a technique that uses genomic information to establish evolutionary relationships between bacterial taxa. Average Nucleotide Identity is a genetic method used to compare the similarity between nucleotides of two strains based on the coding regions of their genomes, which has allowed scientists to veer away from traditional methods of classifying prokaryotes based on phenotypic similarities. The defining characteristic between strains CBA1132 and DL1 is that they both contain high GC content in their chromosomes, providing stability in a harsh environment. Other close relatives of H. noricense within the genus Halobacterium include Halobacterium denitrificans, Halobacterium halobium, and Halobacterium volcanii.
Morphology
Halobacterium noricense is known to be free living, and it typically appears as red or pink colonies due to the presence of carotenoids and bacterioruberin in their membranes. The carotenoids have the ability to absorb light between the wavelengths of 330-600 nm, as determined by light spectroscopy. Typical colony morphology is round with a diameter of 0.4 mm. Under the microscope, they can typically be measured at around 5 μm and appear gram-negative and rod-shaped. H. noricense does not contain the gas vesicles that are present in their close relative, Halobacterium salinarium, which often appear as floating cultures. Halobacterium noricense may occasionally appear as coccus-shaped when grown in liquid broth rather than on solid media.
Discovery
Etymology
Halobacterium noricense is named after Noricum, Austria, which is the location of the salt deposit in which the organism was isolated. The archaeon was discovered in 2004 by a group of scientists led by Claudia Gruber. The group isolated two strains of H. noricense, along with other Halobacterium species including H. salinarium.
Sources
The first two strains (A1 and A2) of Halobacterium noricense were isolated from samples taken out of a salt deposit in Austria. The salt deposit was approximately 400 meters below the surface and is believed to have been formed during the Permian period. To obtain the samples, the researchers used a pre-existing mine to travel below the Earth's surface. They used a core drill to remove cylindrical sections of the salt deposit, which were then taken for sequencing. The deposit retained high salt levels over approximately 250 million years due to the surrounding clay and limestone. These conditions do not allow the salt to escape, which formed an ideal environment for halophilic archaea.
Media
Halobacterium noricense was isolated on ATCC 2185 medium with 250.0 grams of NaCl, 20.0 grams of MgSO4 7H2O, 2.0 grams of KCl, 3.0 grams of yeast extract, 5.0 grams of tryptone, and other compounds required for the isolate's growth. After an incubation period of approximately 2 weeks, red circular colonies appeared. This is the characteristic colony morphology of H. noricense.
Growth Conditions
Halobacterium noricense is known to be a mesophile, where optimum growth temperature is approximately 37 °C with an incubation period of 18 days. It thrives in acidic conditions at pH 5.2-7.0. NaCl concentration between 15-17% has resulted in the highest growth rates in previous studies. It has been found that Halobacterium can survive in high metal concentrations because they are extremely halophilic. This can be achieved through metal resistance, which indicates that the H. noricense strain CBA1132 might also be able to survive in these high metal ion concentrations.
Genome
H. noricense strains A1 and A2 from Gruber et al. had 97.1% similarity to genus Halobacterium through their 16S rDNA sequences. H. noricense genome, strain CBA1132, composed of four contigs containing 3,012,807 base pairs, approximately 3,084 gene coding sequences, and 2,536 genes. It has a GC content of approximately 65.95%, and 687 of the genes in the H. noricense genome have unknown functions. Metabolism and amino acid transport-related genes make up the largest group of known genes. This group contains 213 known genes. The genus Halobacterium is currently known as monophyletic because their 16S rRNA have less than 80% similarity with their closest relatives, the methanogens.
Sequencing
According to Joint Genome Institute, another complete genome analysis of Halobacterium (strain DL1) species was sequenced using 454 GS FLX, Illumina GAIIx. Halobacterium noricense (strain CBA1132) was recently isolated from solar salt and a complete genomic analysis was performed by researchers from Korea in 2016. The researchers extracted the DNA using a QuickGene DNA tissue kit, which uses a membrane with extremely fine pores to collect DNA and nucleic acids. They purified the DNA using the MG Genomic DNA purification kit. Once extracted and purified, the strategy for sequencing the genome was Whole Genome Sequencing by the method of a PacBio RS II system. Lastly, the genome was analyzed and performed by the Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (RAST) server.
Metabolism
According to Gruber et al., Halobacterium noricense cannot ferment glucose, galactose, sucrose, xylose or maltose. It is resistant to many antibiotics, including Vancomycin and Tetracycline, but can be killed by Anisomycin. This organism does not produce the enzymes gelatinase or amylase, so it cannot break down starch or gelatin. H. noricense is a chemoorganotroph and uses aerobic respiration in most environments, except when exposed to L-arginine or nitrate. In these cases, it can function as a facultative anaerobe. It is catalase positive, meaning it has the ability to break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. The most abundant carbon source found in hypersaline environments is glycerol due to the contribution of the green algae, Dunaliella, to reduce its surrounding osmotic pressure. H. noricense is able to metabolize glycerol through phosphorylation to glycerol 3- phosphate and eventually, into the formation of dihydroxyacetone 5- phosphate (DHAP). NMR spectroscopy, used to locate local magnetic fields around atomic nuclei, revealed during aerobic respiration that 90% of pyruvate that is converted to acetyl Co-A by pyruvate synthase enters the Citric acid cycle while the other 10% is converted to oxaloacetate by biotin carboxylases to later be used in fatty acid degradation.
Ecology
Metagenomic analysis was performed on concentrated biomass from the last Dead Sea bloom and compared with hundreds of liters of brine (pH 6), revealing that the bloom was less diverse from brine. The Dead Sea is located on the borders of Israel and the Jordan River where its depth is around 300 m. The Dead Sea contains 1.98M Mg2+, 1.54M Na+, and 0.08M (1%) Br− making the waters unique and the ecosystem harsh.
Samples were collected from the Dead Sea in 1992 at Ein Gedi 310 station during bloom season. The cells were centrifuged and a reddish cell pellet was embedded in agarose plugs. DNA was extracted from the plugs and cloned into pCC1fos vector to construct two fosmid libraries, which contain DNA from bacterial F-plasmids.
BAC-end sequences were performed on each library for further analysis, and the sequences were scanned for vector contamination and removed by BLASTing. The read length was 734 bp for the 1992 library.
PCR 16S rRNA gene amplification was carried out and was used to construct a tree to calculate bootstrap values from a total of 714 sequence positions. Although halophiles are diverse, analysis revealed that most rRNAs had around 93% similarity to sequences in GenBank. H. noricense had a 95% similarity in the 1992 bloom. When the samples were compared to the fosmid library, some were over 88% similar to other known halophilic bacterial species. This indicates that these halophiles are specifically adapted to the extreme salinity of the Dead Sea.
There are also studies in the field of astrobiology regarding the possibility of Halobacterium on Mars. Similarly to the Dead Sea, any water located on the Martian surface would be a brine with an extremely high salt concentration. Therefore, microbial life on Mars would require adaptations similar to those of Halobacterium.
Significance
Halobacterium noricense has many applications that can benefit humans and industries including drug delivery, UV protection, and the unique characteristic of bacteriorhodopsin to be able to be isolated outside of its environment. H. noricense produces a high concentration of menaquinones (fat soluble vitamin K2) that can be used as a micelle to deliver drugs to specific places in the body. According to Nimptsch K, the presence of menaquinones can also reduce the risk of malignant cancer. Fermented foods are also found to have high levels of menaquinones due to the presence of bacteria, especially in cheeses. H. noricense requires high salt concentrations and is currently being explored to enhance the process of fermentation. H. noricense is also catalase positive, meaning it can break down reactive oxygen species (ROS), like hydrogen peroxide into harmless substances such as water. Not only does it produce enzymes to protect itself against ROS, but it contains a pigment, bacterioruberin, that allows H. noricense to tolerate gamma and UV radiation. Further research into bacterioruberin can lead to bioactive compounds with anticancer characteristics. Lastly, bacteriorhodopsin (also protects cells from UV light), a light proton pump, has allowed scientists to apply it to electronics and optics. Its mechanism involves capturing light and creating a proton gradient to produce chemical energy. Some practical uses include motion detection, holographic storage, and nanotechnology.
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1ee7ae59-263b-410e-9d34-565ed38f82bb
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_group_action"}
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In topology, a continuous group action on a topological space X is a group action of a topological group G that is continuous: i.e.,
is a continuous map. Together with the group action, X is called a G-space.
If
is a continuous group homomorphism of topological groups and if X is a G-space, then H can act on X by restriction:
, making X a H-space. Often f is either an inclusion or a quotient map. In particular, any topological space may be thought of as a G-space via
(and G would act trivially.)
Two basic operations are that of taking the space of points fixed by a subgroup H and that of forming a quotient by H. We write
for the set of all x in X such that
. For example, if we write
for the set of continuous maps from a G-space X to another G-space Y, then, with the action
,
consists of f such that
; i.e., f is an equivariant map. We write
. Note, for example, for a G-space X and a closed subgroup H,
.
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06154452-5202-489d-8ca1-3a0bddca8bdf
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Embrun"}
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The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Embrun was located in southeastern France, in the mountains of the Maritime Alps, on a route that led from Gap by way of Briançon to Turin. It had as suffragans the Diocese of Digne, Diocese of Antibes and Grasse, Diocese of Vence, Diocese of Glandèves, Diocese of Senez and Diocese of Nice. Its see was the Cathedral of Nôtre Dame in Embrun.
The former French Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Embrun was suppressed after the French Revolution. It was replaced, under the Civil Constitution of the Clergy (1790) by a diocese which had the same boundaries of the civil departement in which it was located. The diocese was called 'Haute-Alpes', with its center at Gap.
When the Diocese of Gap was re-established in 1822 it comprised, besides the ancient Diocese of Gap, a large part of the ancient archdiocese of Embrun. The name of the metropolitan see of Embrun, however, had been absorbed in the title of the Archbishop of Aix-en-Provence and Arles, until 2007. In 2008, the title of Embrun was reattached to the Diocese of Gap by papal decree of Pope Benedict XVI.
History
Tradition ascribes the evangelization of Embrun to Saints Nazarius and Celsus, martyrs under emperor Nero. Gregory of Tours states that they were martyred at Embrun. Their bodies, however, were discovered in a cemetery in Milan by Saint Ambrose. They were also drowned at Trier, on orders of the Emperor Nero. Their entire story is without historical foundation, and a mass of contradictions and improbabilities. According to another tradition, the first Bishop of Embrun, Saint Marcellus, was such a successful preacher that, by the end of his episcopacy, there was not a single pagan left in the diocese.
The see became an archbishopric about 800. In 1056 Pope Victor confirmed the Archbishop of Embrun as Metropolitan of the Sees of Digne, Chorges, Solliès, Senez, Glandèves, Cimiez-Nice, Vence, and Antibes (Grasse). Bishop Winimann was also granted the pallium In 1276 the Archbishops of Embrun were made Princes of the Holy Roman Empire.
The see was suppressed in the French Revolution, being transferred to the diocese of Gap, and the cathedral church became a mere parish church.
Notable Bishops of Embrun
Bishops
Archbishops
c. 800–1200
c. 1200–1500
from 1500
Bibliography
Reference works
Acknowledgment
Studies
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The term blues ballad is used to refer to a specific form of popular music which fused Anglo-American and Afro-American styles from the late 19th century onwards. Early versions combined elements of the European influenced "native American ballad" with the forms of African American music. From the 20th century on it was also used to refer to a slow tempo, often sentimental song in a blues style.
Structure and variations
The blues ballad often uses the Thirty-two-bar form of verse-verse-bridge-verse, in contrast to the 12-bar or 8-bar blues forms.
Popular blues ballads
The first blues ballads tended to deal with active protagonists, often anti-heroes, resisting adversity and authority, often in the context of industrialisation. They usually lacked the strong narrative common in European ballads, and emphasised instead individual character. They were often accompanied by banjo and guitar and often followed a standard 12-bar the blues format, with a repeated refrain in the last line of every verse. Blues ballads are usually anonymously authored and were performed by both black and white musicians in the early 20th century. Ballads about anti-heroes include "Wild Bill Jones", "Stagger Lee" and "John Hardy". The most famous blues ballads that deal with heroes in the context of industrialisation include those about John Henry and Casey Jones.
Blues ballads in other genres
From the late 19th century the term ballad began to be used for sentimental songs with their origins in the early ‘Tin Pan Alley’ music industry. As new genres of music, including the blues, began to emerge in the early 20th century the popularity of the genre faded, but the association with sentimentality meant led to this being used as the term for a slow love song from the 1950s onwards.
Today the term is used to describe a song that uses a blues format with a slow tempo, often dealing with themes of love and affection. Examples include songs like B. B. King's "Blues on the Bayou", Fats Domino's "Every night about this time", Percy Mayfield's love song "Please Send Me Someone to Love", and Buddy Johnson's "Since I Fell for You". The blues ballad format is also popular in rock, jazz, country music, such as Janis Joplin "Cry Baby", Jimi Hendrix "Red House", Grand Funk Railroad "Heartbreaker", Jazzy blues singer Charles Brown " Merry Christmas, Baby", "Please Come Home for Christmas", Phoebe Snow "Poetry Man", "San Francisco Bay Blues", country singer Crystal Gayle " Don't It Make My Brown Eyes Blue", and Freddy Fender "Wasted Days and Wasted Nights".
Notes and references
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baf7532d-9ed1-4b6c-b390-aee1e7c2115e
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Canoeing_Championships"}
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Canoeing championship organised by the Asian Canoe Confederation
The Asian Canoeing Championship is a Canoeing championship organised by the Asian Canoe Confederation for competitors from Asian countries.
List tournaments
Canoe Sprint
Canoe Slalom
Canoe Polo
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c6ad57e6-91b9-487b-a318-c375bc4b1606
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Genus of starfishes
Astrometis is a genus of sea star in the Asteriidae family. The genus has only one undisputed species. The genus occurs from Santa Barbara to the Gulf of California.
Species
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cc8d70f9-db0d-4bf0-8717-bf54c46035ed
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudobiceros_gloriosus"}
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Species of flatworm
Pseudobiceros gloriosus (common name: the glorious flatworm) is a benthic marine flatworm species that belongs to the Pseudocerotidae family. It is typically found in the tropical Indo-Pacific, from Eastern Africa to Micronesia, in the top or slope of reefs. It can be up to 3 in. (7.6 cm.) in length, and feeds on a multitude of invertebrates as gastropods and small crustaceans by engulfing their prey whole.
Physical characteristics
The body is flat, long and quite large. The background color is black with a velvety appearance. The body's margin is ornated with bands: the inner is wide and orange, the middle is narrow and pink and outer is a dark burgundy rim. The pseudotentacles have only the orange line. Some of the larger specimens can have a narrow pink median line, starting close to the cerebral eyespots and ending before the posterior margin. The body is slightly raised on the longitudinal median line and there are two square pseudotentacles with few eyes. The cerebral cluster consists of about 200 eyespots, presence of a long pharynx with simple folds.
Bibliography and references
External links
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01d3246d-ef01-492f-8fb5-c6bd89807c84
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City_Federation_of_Black_Cowboys"}
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Organization
The New York City Federation of Black Cowboys (FBC) is an organization dedicated to horsemanship training, children's education, and keeping alive the traditions of African-American cowboys from the Old West. It is located in The Hole, a low-lying neighborhood on the border of Brooklyn and Queens in New York City. The FBC participates in educational tours, youth horseback riding training, and public events such as riding horseback for 8 hours "from one end of Brooklyn to the other."
During the 1870s and 1880s, African-American cowboys made up approximately 25% of the 35,000 cowboys in the Western Frontier. The Federation honors this legacy through youth programs, rodeos, and school visits, while also using horsemanship to teach local youth life skills such as patience, kindness, and tolerance.
As of 2019, the organization's president is Kesha "Mama" Morse. She is the organization's first female president.
History
The Federation of Black Cowboys was officially incorporated in 1994 and leased the Cedar Lane Stables in Queens from the Parks Department.
In 2012, six horses died in the Cedar Lane Stables, forcing the city to close the stables while the Federation renovated.
Licensing for the stables occurs annually, and historically the Federation was the sole bidder. Their last licensing agreement was for 2015, when the city released a public Request for Proposal (RFP). In February 2016, FBC was informed their license would not be renewed. They were outbid by GallopNYC, a non-profit aiding disabled people through therapeutic horsemanship. Despite this, New York City officials claimed that the FBC provides "positive historical contribution to the community and to horse riding in New York City."
In 2019, denim brand Wrangler created a short film about the organization as part of its Wrangler Legends video series.
On Juneteenth in 2022, the FBC collaborated with jazz composer Allan Harris to present a musical, Cross That River, in the Richard Rodgers Amphitheater in Marcus Garvey Park, Manhattan. The musical tells the story of "Blu, who runs away from slavery to become a cowboy out west," and was presented by NYC Parks, City College Center for the Arts, Jazzmobile, and Love Productions. That year, the FBC was featured at the Battery Park Juneteenth celebration, providing "a brief history of Juneteenth" alongside bluesmen Michael Hill, Jerry Dugger, Junior Mack and Bill McClellan, after which children could attend pony rides.
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e3ab2140-f6a8-4c79-9240-69b89c76327a
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QFT"}
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Look up qft in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
QFT may stand for:
Topics referred to by the same term
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91ff0559-961a-41f5-8451-3f3c9dbeccb3
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stree_Teri_Kahani"}
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Indian TV series or program
Stree Teri Kahani was a show on DD National with a total of 743 episodes. It starred Ravi Dubey, Namrata Thapa, Meher Vij, Nikhhil R Khera, Snigdha Pandey and Sonica Handa. It was produced by Saira Banu, directed by Suneel Prasad and written by Shaheen. It was broadcast from 12:30-1:00 pm, Monday through Friday. The show launched on 21 August 2006, ran continuously for four years and ended in 2009. Due to high viewership (TRPS) and positive response, DD National made a repeated telecast at 2010 which ran until 14 November 2013. The series ran from 2006 to 2009.
Plot
The story of Stree Teri Kahaani revolves around four girls who are very close to each other. These four girls have gone to the same college and, come from the same batch. Now all four of them have finished their college and, strive towards fulfilling their dreams. The protagonist of the story is Radha. The name of the serial has been kept after the stories of these four women. The names of the four friends are Radha, Sanjana, Ritu and, Rubina. Radha is a mature girl who has her own likes and dislikes; she has a stubborn father too.
Sanjana is a chirpy, funny and relatable girl who lives her life to the fullest and has beautiful flaws. Ritu is a nice, mature, chirpy and, understanding girl. She lives alone in Mumbai. Rubina whereas is a girl who lives out of Mumbai and wants to accomplish her dreams. She also inspires her friends to fulfill their dreams. The story is about these four girls and their precious friendship. The story of the serial includes Radha who is in love with a guy named Karan. Her father doesn’t support their relationship which is why she has to leave her home after which she gets married to Karan. But her father plans and plots something against them. He plans Karan’s murder and, succeeds in the same.
After this he gets Radha married to his business friend’s son Ajay who is a good man, but Radha is unable to forget her first love. Ritu is in love with Karan, who lives outside Mumbai. Sanjana gets married to a guy named Vishal. Vishal marries Sanjana only for his good he tortures her, beats her, put blame on her and, completely lock her. However, one day she manages to run where she meets another guy who helps her get her divorce and, cares for her. Radha moves on and things start to get better with Ajay where Karan returns and it is being shown that he has been saved. Karan starts to create problems in Ajay’s and Radha’s life and story has further twists.
Meanwhile Devyani who works in Ajay’s office and Anu who is a relative of Ajay create problems in their lives. The show was all about the moments of happiness, sadness, struggles and love in a woman’s life. Above all the show celebrates the beauty of girl’s friendship. It also showed how women’s lives change after marriage and the effects on their friendship. The show was truly one of a kind. The audience enjoyed the show.
Cast
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Oh Honey was an American indie pop band from Brooklyn, New York, formed by singer-songwriters Mitchy Collins and Danni Bouchard. Their touring live band consisted of drummer Rob Ernst, guitarist Ian Holubiak, and bassist Shaun Savage. Oh Honey described itself as a blend of folk pop, indie pop, and pop music.
History
Mitchy Collins started Oh Honey as a project following his associations with the Kin and Outasight. Looking for a female vocalist, he met Danni Bouchard through a mutual friend.
Oh Honey began recording in Brooklyn, NY as a group in April 2013, releasing its first single in September 2013. The band is named after both the "Oh Honey" episode of How I Met Your Mother and the artisan, rooftop honey production movement in Brooklyn. Oh Honey's EP, With Love, was released independently in November 2013 and was well-reviewed.
In December 2013, Oh Honey worked with Orange Is the New Black stars Danielle Brooks and Uzo Aduba to create a Christmas medley. Throughout the end of 2013 and the start of 2014, the single "Be Okay" gained quick and steady acclaim, being covered on Glee on the March 25, 2014, episode titled "New Directions".
After signing to Atlantic Records in February 2014 via its Fueled by Ramen imprint, Oh Honey set up three tours as the opening act to James Blunt, the Fray, and American Authors, and played at SXSW. The EP With Love was re-released under the Atlantic Records label on March 25, 2014. On August 12, 2014, Oh Honey released an EP of remixes of "Be Okay".
In the fall of 2014, "Be Okay" was featured in national commercials for The Hundred-Foot Journey, the new ABC show Selfie, and the Chili's restaurant chain. On October 11, 2014, Oh Honey released a second EP of original music titled Sincerely Yours. The band indicated that 4 EPs, With Love, Sincerely Yours, Wish You Were Here and the unreleased Until Next Time would culminate as a full series called Postcards; however, this did not materialize.
Oh Honey cited its influences from a number of sources including Ingrid Michaelson, Sara Bareilles, Regina Spektor, Fleetwood Mac and Stevie Nicks, Bon Iver, Bruce Springsteen, and Ryan Adams. Oh Honey's sound has been compared to Of Monsters and Men, American Authors, Sara Bareilles, the Lumineers, and Icona Pop.
After Collins split from Bouchard in 2016 to form Lovelytheband, Bouchard began recording as a solo artist under the name Luxtides.
Band members
Current members
Touring musicians
Discography
Extended plays
Charting singles
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David Meyers may refer to:
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530392cf-b00b-4285-a85d-7649ee4c2145
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Body of water
Cacha Lake is a lake in the La Paz Department, Bolivia. At an elevation of 4,670 meters, its surface area is 0.72 square kilometers.
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5dfc7504-778c-4b21-a674-98101a77f4ec
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tooban"}
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Tooban, also known as Tievebane and in Irish as Taobh Bán, is a townland in County Donegal in the north west of Ireland. It is traversed by the R238 road. Faghan Presbyterian church is situated near the centre of the townland.
It was served by Tooban Junction railway station from 1864 to 1953.[citation needed]
Tooban (listed in census reports as Tievebane) had a population of 345 people as of the 2016 census.
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d8cc4454-b920-402a-bed6-4ca24b7d272c
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cnemaspis_flavolineata"}
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Species of lizard
Cnemaspis flavolineata, also known as the yellow-striped rock gecko, Titiwangsa rock gecko, and Fraser's Hill rock gecko, is a species of gecko endemic to Malaysia.
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522e87a7-031a-4997-a2f3-5ce184fa8bdb
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucapperia"}
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Plume moth genus
Eucapperia is a genus of moths in the family Pterophoridae.
Species
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8528d434-fdcf-42c2-b9d2-f9a35d74d52e
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pydibhimavaram"}
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Village in Andhra Pradesh, India
Pydi-bhimavaram is a village located in Ranastalam mandal in Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh, India.
In the 2011 census it had a population of 3444 in 870 households.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuko_Suzuki"}
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Japanese volleyball player
Yuko Suzuki (鈴木 裕子, Suzuki Yūko, born 12 August 1989) is a Japanese volleyball player who plays for Denso Airybees.
Clubs
National team
Honors
Team
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American politician
Angelica Rubio (born May 30, 1979) is an American politician who has served in the New Mexico House of Representatives from the 35th district since 2017.
Early life
Rubio was born and raised in New Mexico by immigrant parents. She earned her undergraduate degree in Government at New Mexico State University in Las Cruces, before getting a master's degree in Latin American Studies from California State University in Los Angeles. Rubio cites Dolores Huerta as an inspiration in how she opened doors for Latina elected officials.
Career
Rubio has worked in Las Cruces on issues such as minimum wage, a City Council campaign for Kasandra Gandara, and the designation of an Organ Mountains-Desert Peaks National Monument. Rubio is the chair of the interim committee on Radioactive & Hazardous Materials. She has spoken against the Trump Border Wall, such as voting against allowing New Mexico state land to be used for its construction. Additionally, she introduced the approved House Bill 388, the gender-neutral bathroom bill, requiring New Mexico businesses and public facilities to label single-stall restrooms as gender neutral.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMCS_Parry_Sound"}
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Modified Flower-class corvette
HMCS Parry Sound was a modified Flower-class corvette that served in the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War. She fought primarily in the Battle of the Atlantic as a convoy escort. She was named for Parry Sound, Ontario.
Background
Flower-class corvettes like Parry Sound serving with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were different from earlier and more traditional sail-driven corvettes. The "corvette" designation was created by the French as a class of small warships; the Royal Navy borrowed the term for a period but discontinued its use in 1877. During the hurried preparations for war in the late 1930s, Winston Churchill reactivated the corvette class, needing a name for smaller ships used in an escort capacity, in this case based on a whaling ship design. The generic name "flower" was used to designate the class of these ships, which – in the Royal Navy – were named after flowering plants.
Corvettes commissioned by the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were named after communities for the most part, to better represent the people who took part in building them. This idea was put forth by Admiral Percy W. Nelles. Sponsors were commonly associated with the community for which the ship was named. Royal Navy corvettes were designed as open sea escorts, while Canadian corvettes were developed for coastal auxiliary roles which was exemplified by their minesweeping gear. Eventually the Canadian corvettes would be modified to allow them to perform better on the open seas.
Construction
Parry Sound was ordered in June 1942 as part of the 1943-44 Increased Endurance Flower-class building program, which followed the main layout of the 1942-43 program. The only significant difference is that the majority of the 43-44 program replaced the 2-pounder Mk.VIII single "pom-pom" anti-aircraft gun with 2 twin 20-mm and 2 single 20-mm anti-aircraft guns. Parry Sound was laid down by Marine Industries Ltd. at Sorel, Quebec 11 June 1943 and launched 13 November 1943. She was commissioned into the RCN 30 August 1944 at Midland, Ontario.
Service history
After workups in Bermuda, Parry Sound was assigned to the Mid-Ocean Escort Force in November 1944. She was allocated to escort group C-7 as a trans-Atlantic convoy escort. She escorted her first convoy in December 1944. On 17 January 1945, while escorting HX 332, she developed mechanical defects and was forced to return to port for repairs. The repairs took two months to complete and Parry Sound returned to service as a convoy escort in April 1945. She returned to Canada in June 1945.
Parry Sound was paid off 10 July 1945 at Sydney, Nova Scotia. She was transferred to the War Assets Corporation and sold for conversion in 1950 to a whale-catcher. She reappeared as Olympic Champion in 1950 under a Honduran flag. In 1956 she was sold and renamed Otori Maru No. 15. In 1961 she was renamed Kyo Maru No.22. She was last noted on Lloyd's Register in 1978. The ship was deleted in 1979.
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125025eb-3083-4ca7-938b-1baf902c00fd
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/So_I_Married_the_Anti-fan"}
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2021 South Korean television series
South Korean TV series or program
So I Married the Anti-fan (Korean: 그래서 나는 안티팬과 결혼했다) is a 2021 South Korean streaming television series starring Choi Tae-joon, Choi Soo-young, Hwang Chan-sung, Han Ji-an and Kim Min-kyu. It is based on the 2010 novel of the same title which was made into a webtoon and was also previously adapted into a Chinese film. It aired from April 30 to June 19, 2021 on Naver TV, with simultaneous broadcast through V Live and global platforms iQIYI, Viki and Amazon Prime Video in Japan.
Synopsis
It is about the romance between top star Hoo Joon (Choi Tae-joon) and his anti-fan reporter Lee Geun-young (Choi Soo-young) who end up participating in a television show where they live together.
Cast
Main
Supporting
Special appearances
Production and release
So I Married the Anti-fan is a pre-produced series. The first script reading of the cast was held on August 20, 2018, and filming began the same month.
The release of the series was delayed for three years due to difficulties in finding a television network to broadcast it. Adding to that, the two male leads, Choi Tae-joon and Hwang Chan-sung, started their military service not long after it had finished filming, so there were potential difficulties in promotional activities without them.
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Village in Vologda Oblast, Russia
Istomino (Russian: Истомино) is a rural locality (a village) in Kisnemskoye Rural Settlement, Vashkinsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 1 as of 2002.
Geography
Istomino is located 16 km northwest of Lipin Bor (the district's administrative centre) by road. Myakishevo is the nearest rural locality.
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30bd3ced-db09-41a4-9c3b-1efdebcfed9c
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodbury_Country_Club"}
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The Woodbury Country Club (WCC) was a private golf club in Woodbury, New Jersey. It was incorporated in August 1897 and had been one of the 100 oldest private golf clubs in the country as of August 2009. Among some of the club's original officers was George Gill Green, a patent medicine entrepreneur, who served as the club's vice resident. Due to the economy, the golf club was unable to sustain operations, and the club went into foreclosure in 2010.
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The initials RMV can refer to:
Topics referred to by the same term
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Orme"}
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Headland in north Wales
The Great Orme (Welsh: Y Gogarth) is a limestone headland on the north coast of Wales, north-west of the town of Llandudno. Referred to as Cyngreawdr Fynydd by the 12th-century poet Gwalchmai ap Meilyr, its English name derives from the Old Norse word for sea serpent. The Little Orme, a smaller but very similar limestone headland, is on the eastern side of Llandudno Bay.
Toponym
Both the Great and Little Ormes have been etymologically linked to the Old Norse words urm or orm that mean sea serpent (English worm is a cognate). One explanation is that the Great Orme is the head, with its body being the land between the Great and Little Ormes, whilst another, possibly more likely, is that the shape of the Great Orme viewed as one enters the isthmus of Llandudno from the southeast landward end resembles a giant sleeping creature. The Vikings left no written texts of their time in North Wales although they certainly raided the area. They did not find any permanent settlements, unlike on the Wirral Peninsula, but some Norse names remain in use in the former Kingdom of Gwynedd (such as Point of Ayr near Talacre).
Despite there being a theory for the origin of the name "Orme", the word was not commonly used until after the creation of the Victorian resort of Llandudno in the mid-19th century. Before this, Welsh names were predominantly used locally and in cartography to name the headland's landward features and the surrounding area. The entire peninsula on which Llandudno was built was known as the Creuddyn (the medieval name of the cwmwd – a historical division of land in Wales); the headland itself was called Y Gogarth or Pen y Gogarth; its promontories were Pen trwyn, Llech, and Trwyn y Gogarth.
Orme only appears to have been applied to the headland as seen from the sea. In 1748, the Plan of the Bay & Harbour of Conway in Caernarvon Shire by Lewis Morris names the body of the peninsula "CREUDDYN" but applies the name "Orme's Head" to the headland's north-westerly seaward point. The first series Ordnance Survey map (published in 1841 and before the establishment of Llandudno) follows this convention. The headland is called the "Great Orme's Head" but its landward features all have Welsh names. It is likely that Orme became established as its common name due to Llandudno's burgeoning tourist trade because a majority of visitors and holidaymakers arrived by sea. The headland was the first sight of their destination in the three-hour journey from Liverpool by paddle steamer.
Natural history
Parts of the Great Orme are managed as a nature reserve by the Conwy County Borough Countryside Service. The area, which is 2 miles (3.2 km) long by 1 mile (1.6 km) wide, has a number of protective designations including Special Area of Conservation, Heritage Coast, Country Park, and Site of Special Scientific Interest. The local authority provides a warden service on the Great Orme that regularly patrols the special scientific and conservation areas. There are numerous maintained paths for walking to the summit; a section of the long-distance North Wales Path also crosses the headland. About half the Great Orme is in use as farmland, mostly for sheep grazing. In 2015, the National Trust purchased the summit's 140-acre Parc Farm for £1million.
Geology
The Great Orme is a peninsula made mostly of limestone and dolomite, formed during the Early Carboniferous part of the Earth's geological history. Most of the Great Orme's rocks are between 339 and 326 million years old. The upper surface of the Great Orme is particularly noted for its limestone pavements covering several headland areas. There are also rich seams of dolomite-hosted copper ore. The Great Orme copper mine was estimated to have produced enough copper to make about 2,000 tons of bronze during the Bronze Age. The slopes of the Great Orme are subject to occasional subsidence.
Wells
Natural wells were greatly prized in limestone districts and the Great Orme was no exception. Water was required for copper mining purposes as well as for domestic and agricultural use. The following Great Orme wells are known and most still supply running water:
Flora
The Great Orme has a very rich flora, including most notably the only known site of the critically endangered wild cotoneaster (Cotoneaster cambricus), of which only six wild plants are known. Many of the flowers growing in shallow lime-rich earth on the headland have developed from the alpine sub-Arctic species that developed following the last ice-age. Spring and early summer flowers include bloody cranesbill, thrift and sea campion, clinging to the sheer rock face, while pyramidal orchid, common rockrose and wild thyme carpet the grassland. The old mines and quarries also provide suitable habitat for species of plants including spring squill growing on the old copper workings. The white horehound (Marrubium vulgare), which is found growing on the westernmost slopes of the Orme is said to have been used, and perhaps cultivated, by 14th-century monks, no doubt to make herbal remedies including cough mixtures. The rare horehound plume moth (Wheeleria spilodactylus) lays her eggs amongst the silky leaves and its caterpillars rely for food solely upon this one plant.
Fauna
The headland is the habitat of several endangered species of butterflies and moths, including the silky wave, the silver-studded blue (Plebejus argus subsp. caernesis) and the grayling (Hipparchia semele thyone) These last two have adapted to the Great Orme by appearing earlier in the year to take advantage of the limestone flowers and grasses. Also they are smaller than in other parts of the country and are recognised as a definite subspecies. The Great Orme is reported as the northernmost known habitat within Britain for several 'southern' species of spider notably: Segestria bavarica, Episinus truncatus, Micrargus laudatus, Drassyllus praeficus, Liocranum rupicola and Ozyptila scabricula.
The headland is also home to about 200 Kashmir goats. The herd, which has roamed the Orme since the middle of the 19th century, is descended from a pair of goats that were presented by the Shah of Persia to Queen Victoria shortly after her coronation in 1837. Numbers are controlled by compulsory sterilization; the action was taken because competition for resources was forcing goats off the Orme into gardens and property. The Royal Welsh, a large regiment in the British Army, is permitted by the British Monarch to choose an animal from the herd to be a regimental goat (if it passes selection, it is given the honorary rank of lance corporal). Due to COVID-19 in Wales, many goats have been entering the town because of the lack of people; at the same time, the goat population on the Orme has grown rapidly because park wardens have been unable to administer sterilisation injections due to pandemic restrictions.
The caves and abandoned mine workings are home to large colonies of the rare horseshoe bat. This small flying mammal navigates the caves and tunnels by using echolocation to obtain a mental picture of its surroundings. During the daytime, horseshoe bats are found suspended from the roof of tunnels and caves, with their wings tightly wrapped around their bodies. Only at dusk do the bats leave the caves and mine shafts, to feed on beetles and moths.
The cliffs are host to colonies of seabirds (such as guillemots, kittiwakes, razorbills and even fulmars as well as gulls). The Great Orme is also home to many resident and migrant land birds including ravens, little owls and peregrine falcons. The Red-billed Chough is occasionally spotted.
Below the cliffs, the rock-pools around the headland are a rich and varied habitat for aquatic plants and animals including barnacles, red beadlet anemones and hermit crab
History
Copper mines
Large-scale human activity on the Great Orme began around 4,000 years ago during the Bronze Age with the opening of several copper mines. The copper ore malachite was mined using stones and bone tools. It is estimated that up to 1,760 tonnes of copper was mined during the period. The mine was most productive in the period between 1700BC and 1400BC, after which most of the readily accessible copper had been extracted. The site was so productive that by 1600BC, there were no other copper mines left open in Britain because they could not compete with the Great Orme.
The mine was abandoned and evidence suggests it was not worked again until the late 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. Mining began in the late 17th century due to the demand for copper and improved ability to pump water out of the mine. A steam engine was introduced in 1832 and ten years later an 822-metre long tunnel was mined at sea level to drain the deeper mine workings. Commercial-scale mining on the Great Orme ended in the 1850s, although small-scale mining continued until the mines were finally abandoned in 1881.[citation needed]
In 1987, the improvement of the derelict mine site was commissioned by the local council and Welsh Development Agency. The area was to be landscaped and turned into a car park. Since excavation began in 1987, over 5 miles (8.0 km) of prehistoric tunnels have been discovered. It is estimated that less than half of the prehistoric tunnels have been discovered so far.[according to whom?]
In April 1991 the Great Orme Mines site was opened to the public. Pathways and viewing platforms were constructed to give access to the surface excavations. In 1996 a bridge was erected over the top of Vivian's Shaft. The visitor centre's extension, built-in 2014, contains a selection of mining tools and bronze axes along with displays about life and death in the Bronze Age, mining and ancient metallurgy. Also accessible is the 3,500-year-old Great Cavern.
Medieval period
The medieval parish of Llandudno comprised three townships all established on the lower slopes of the Great Orme. The township of Y Gogarth at the south-western 'corner' of the Great Orme was latterly the smallest but it contained the palace of the Bishop of Bangor. The Manor of Gogarth (which included all three townships) had been bestowed on Anian, Bishop of Bangor by King Edward I in 1284 in recognition of services rendered to the crown, notably the baptism of the first English Prince of Wales, newly born at Caernarfon. The palace was burnt down by Owain Glyndŵr in 1400 and the ruins have mostly been washed away together with much of the township by coastal erosion in the Conwy Estuary.
The significant agricultural yet north-facing township of Cyngreawdr includes the original parish church and rectory of St Tudno, a sixth- or seventh-century foundation. Following the Glyndŵr uprising, the villagers of the Creuddyn peninsula were harshly taxed and by 1507 they had nearly all fled their homes. Henceforth the cultivated land lay fallow and is now grazed by sheep and goats. Llandudno's Victorian cemetery, which is still in regular use, was laid out in 1859 adjacent to the 12th-century church of Saint Tudno where open-air services are held every Sunday morning in summer. Nearby are several large ancient stones that have become shrouded in folklore and also an unexplained stone-lined avenue called Hwylfa'r Ceirw leading towards Cilfin Ceirw (Precipice of Deer).
The third township was Yn Wyddfid clustered below the Iron Age hill fort of Pen y Dinas at the northeastern "corner" of the Great Orme. With the reopening of the copper mines from the 18th century onwards, this township grew considerably in size with the streets and cottages of the mining village laid out on the largely abandoned agricultural holdings.
Victorian expansion
In 1825 the Board of the Port of Liverpool obtained a Private Act of Parliament to help improve safety and communications for the merchant marine operating in the Irish Sea and Liverpool Bay. The Act allowed them to erect and maintain telegraph stations between Liverpool and the Isle of Anglesey. This would help ship-owners, merchants and port authorities in Liverpool know the location of all mercantile shipping along the North Wales coast.
In 1826 the summit of the Great Orme was chosen as the location for one of the 11 optical semaphore stations that would form an unbroken 80 mi (130 km) chain from Liverpool to Holyhead. The original semaphore station on the Orme, which consisted of small building with living accommodation, used a 15 m (49 ft) ship's mast with three pairs of moveable arms to send messages to either Puffin Island 7 mi (11 km) to the west or 8.5 mi (13.7 km) to Llysfaen in the east. Skilled telegraphers could send semaphore messages between Liverpool and Holyhead in under a minute.
In March 1855 the Great Orme telegraph station was converted to electric telegraph. Landlines and submarine cables connected the Orme to Liverpool and Holyhead. At first the new equipment was installed in the original Semaphore Station on the summit until it was moved down to the Great Orme lighthouse in 1859. Two years later the Great Orme semaphore station closed with the completion of a direct electric telegraph connection from Liverpool to Holyhead.
By the late 1860s, Llandudno's blossoming tourist trade saw many Victorians visit the old semaphore station at the summit to enjoy the panorama. This led to the development of the summit complex.
Twentieth century
By the early 20th century, a nine-bed hotel was built on the site. It served as the clubhouse for the Great Orme Golf Club that was founded in the early 1900s. The course closed in 1939 and is now a sheep farm.
On 11 July 1914, Beatrice Blore drove a Singer Ten car up the cable track of the Great Orme, with a gradient of 1 in 3 in places, becoming the first woman to drive up the steep and challenging headland. She was six months pregnant at the time and the drive was a publicity stunt developed by her partner George Wilkin Browne to help sell the cars at his Llandudno garage, North Wales Silver Motors. Her feat is commemorated by her unusual gravestone in St Tudno's graveyard.
During the Second World War, the RAF built a Chain Home Low radar station at the summit. In 1952 the site was taken into private ownership until it was acquired by Llandudno Urban Town Council in 1961.
Second World War
The Royal Artillery coast artillery school was transferred from Shoeburyness to the Great Orme in 1940 (and additionally a Practice Camp was established on the Little Orme in 1941) during the Second World War. Target practice was undertaken from the headland to both towed and anchored boats. Experimental work and training was also provided for radio direction finding. The foundations of some of the buildings and installations remain and can be seen from the western end of Marine Drive. The site of the school was scheduled as an Ancient Monument in 2011 by CADW, the Welsh Government's Historic Monuments body. This was done in recognition of the site's significance in a UK and Welsh context.
Also of note was the Aerial Defence Research and Development Establishment (ADRDE) known as "X3" which was a 3-storey building erected in 1942. This seems to have been a secret radar experimental station above the artillery school. The road put in to serve it now serves a car park on the approximate site of the station, which was demolished in 1956.
Tourism
With the creation of Llandudno, the first route round the perimeter of the Great Orme was a footpath constructed in 1858 by Reginald Cust, a trustee of the Mostyn Estate. In 1872 the Great Ormes Head Marine Drive Co. Ltd. was formed to turn the path into a Victorian carriage road. But it went bankrupt before work was finished. A second company completed the road in 1878. The contractors for the scheme were Messrs Hughes, Morris, Davies, a consortium led by Richard Hughes of Madoc Street, Llandudno. The road was bought by Llandudno Urban District Council in 1897. The 4-mile (6.4 km) one-way toll road starts at the foot of the Happy Valley. After about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) a side road leads to St. Tudno's Church, the Bronze Age Copper Mines and to the Great Orme Summit complex with car park. The toll road ticket also pays for the parking at the Summit Complex. Marine Drive has been used as a stage on the Wales Rally GB in 1981, 2011, 2013, 2015 and 2018.
In 1902, the Great Orme Tramway was built to convey visitors to the top of the Great Orme. In 1969, the Llandudno Cable Car was also constructed to take visitors up to the summit attractions. These include a tourist shop, cafeteria, visitors' centre, play areas, a licensed hotel, and the vintage tram/cable-car stations.
On clear days Winter Hill, the Isle of Man and the Lake District can be seen from the summit of the Orme.
The Orme has one of only two artificial ski slopes in North Wales, complete with one of the longest toboggan runs in the United Kingdom.
Landscaped gardens in the Happy Valley and terraces in the Haulfre Garden cover the lower landward facing steeply sloping southern side. Walkways link the Haulfre Gardens with the western end of the Marine Drive.
On the northernmost point of the Orme is the former Llandudno lighthouse. It was constructed in 1862 by the Mersey Docks and Harbour Company. The navigation aid remained in continuous use until 22 March 1985 when it was decommissioned. The building has now been converted into a small bed & breakfast guest house. The lantern and its optics are now on permanent display at the Summit Complex visitors' centre. The old established "Rest and be thankful" café is also nearby.
View across Llandudno Bay towards the Little Orme and across the Conwy estuary towards Tal y Fan
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Pro_Kabaddi_League_season"}
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The 2019 Vivo Pro Kabaddi League was the seventh season of Pro Kabaddi League. The season began on 20 July 2019 and concluded on 19 October 2019. The zonal system present in the previous seasons was removed, and each team played against all the other teams twice.
Bengal Warriors defeated Dabang Delhi in the final match to win their maiden title Vivo Pro Kabaddi League 2019 (PKL 7)
Teams
Stadiums and locations
Personnel and sponsorship
Foreign players
Each team can sign maximum 3 foreign players in the squad.
Sponsorship
Title Sponsor
Associate Sponsors
Partners
Broadcast Sponsor
Viewership
Unlike the last season that witnessed a 31 percent dip in viewership data to 1.1 billion impressions from the 1.6 billion impressions of season five, PKL 7 has registered a growth of 9 percent in viewership numbers and has garnered 1.2 billion impressions, as per BARC India.
Points Table
Source: ProKabaddi
Best raiders
As of 19 October 2019.
Best defenders
As of 19 October 2019.
League Stage
Leg 1 – Gachibowli Indoor Stadium, Hyderabad
Leg 2 – Dome@NSCI SVP Stadium, Mumbai
Leg 3 – Patliputra Sports Complex, Patna
Leg 4 – The Arena, Ahmedabad
Leg 5 – Jawaharlal Nehru Indoor Stadium, Chennai
Leg 6 – Thyagaraj Sports Complex, New Delhi
Leg 7 – Kanteerava Indoor Stadium, Bangalore
Leg 8 – Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Indoor Stadium, Kolkata
Leg 9 – Shree Shiv Chhatrapati Sports Complex, Pune
Leg 10 – Sawai Mansingh Indoor Stadium, Jaipur
Leg 11 – Tau Devilal Sports Complex, Panchkula
Leg 12 – Shaheed Vijay Singh Pathik Sports Complex, Greater Noida
Playoffs
Bracket
Eliminator 1
Eliminator 2
Semi Final 1
Semi Final 2
Final
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98837342-0ef8-4f39-83c3-05e57cdafcba
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypercompe_gaujoni"}
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Species of moth
Hypercompe gaujoni is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by Paul Dognin in 1889. It is found in Ecuador.
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c72a13fd-e860-4132-8ce5-57e8e4dd889c
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Häkkänen is a Finnish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
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7c2e01b6-aecf-4427-80ed-44afd2a968e1
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland_Amory"}
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American author, reporter, commentator and animal rights activist (1917–1998)
Cleveland Amory (September 2, 1917 – October 14, 1998) was an American author, reporter, television critic, commentator and animal rights activist. He originally was known for writing a series of popular books poking fun at the pretensions and customs of society, starting with The Proper Bostonians in 1947. From the 1950s through the 1990s, he had a long career as a reporter and writer for national magazines and as a television and radio commentator. In the late 1980s and 1990s, he was best known for his bestselling books about his adopted cat, Polar Bear, starting with The Cat Who Came for Christmas (1987). Amory devoted much of his life to promoting animal rights, particularly protection of animals from hunting and vivisection; the executive director of the Humane Society of the United States described Amory as "the founding father of the modern animal protection movement."
Early life
Amory was born September 2, 1917, into a privileged and established Boston Brahmin family; his parents were Robert Amory and Leonore Cobb Amory, daughter of Chicago architect Henry Ives Cobb. During his childhood, he had a great affection for his aunt Lucy "Lu" Creshore, who took in many stray animals and was instrumental in helping Amory get his first puppy as a child, an event that Amory remembered seventy years later as the most memorable moment of his childhood.
In 1936, when he was 18, Amory held a summer job as tutor and companion to 13-year-old William Zinsser, who grew up to be a notable writer and editor. Zinsser later recalled that they had many discussions about their shared interest in journalism, which at that time was not considered a suitable profession for upper-class young men. After attending Milton Academy, Amory went to Harvard where he was president of The Harvard Crimson.
Career
Early career and social history trilogy
After graduating from Harvard in 1939, Amory became the youngest editor ever hired by The Saturday Evening Post, a position he held until 1941 when he left to serve in the Second World War. Amory served in military intelligence in the United States Army from 1941 to 1943. Upon returning, he worked as a writer and reporter for various publications. Around 1945, Amory witnessed a bullfight in Nogales, Mexico which strongly influenced him to become an activist for animal rights.
Starting in the late 1940s, Amory gained fame for writing a series of bestselling social history books, starting with The Proper Bostonians (1947) and continuing through The Last Resorts (1952) and Who Killed Society? (1960), that satirized the pretensions of the upper class society, particularly in Boston, where he had grown up. In 1952, he became a regular columnist for the weekly magazine Saturday Review. He continued to write the column for 20 years, until 1972. He also wrote articles for many other publications. In the spring of 1955, he traveled to France with his then-wife Martha for an assignment with the Duke and Duchess of Windsor. Amory agreed to ghostwrite the Duchess' autobiography, but after realizing that she wanted him to sugar-coat her life, he quickly left the project.
Today show commentator
In 1952, Amory was hired as a commentator on the NBC morning news and talk television program Today, which at that time was new and the first of its genre in the world. He provided a televised commentary every few weeks, usually containing light humor or satire. Because his subject matter tended to be light, the network did not review his planned commentaries in advance. Amory continued as a popular regular commentator for eleven years until 1963, when he was fired in one of his first controversial moments relating to his views on animal rights.
In 1963, Amory learned that the American Legion in Harmony, North Carolina, planned to sponsor a "bunny bop" rabbit killing contest. At that time, wild rabbits in the United States were widely regarded as both agricultural pests and game animals for hunting and eating. After learning of the "bunny bop," Amory and his assistant traveled to Harmony to engage in a debate with its planners. When he returned, instead of the usual lighthearted commentary expected by the Today show management, Amory proposed, on air and during viewers' breakfast hour, the formation of a hunt club where human hunters would be tracked down and killed for sport, arguing that killing hunters in cold blood would be humane and kind owing to their overpopulation. Viewer response was overwhelmingly negative and Amory was quickly reprimanded by NBC President Julian Goodman. Just a few months later, Amory again voiced controversial animal rights opinions during his Today show segment by speaking at length about the evils of vivisection—the abuse of animals in laboratory experiments. Although Amory did not entirely oppose the scientific use of animals, he strongly believed that many of them were being inhumanely and needlessly mistreated. His commentary drew opposition from a number of scientists, and he was abruptly fired from the Today show with no warning or reprimand.
Later career and Cat trilogy
As time went by, the subject matter of Amory's published work increasingly focused on animal rights. From 1963 to 1976, Amory was a television critic for TV Guide magazine, where he drew the ire of hunters for his biting criticisms of sports hunting programs. His book Man Kind? Our Incredible War on Wildlife (1974) detailed inhumane hunting practices, sparking an editorial in The New York Times and a CBS documentary on hunting, The Guns of Autumn. Amory also presented a daily radio essay called "Curmudgeon at Large". Later he wrote a syndicated column called "Animail" and served as a senior contributing editor of Parade magazine from 1980 to 1998.
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Amory wrote another series of bestselling nonfiction books about Polar Bear, a stray, starving white cat whom he had rescued from a Manhattan street on Christmas Eve 1977. The Cat Who Came for Christmas (1987) spent twelve weeks at #1 on the New York Times bestseller list. Its sequels, The Cat and the Curmudgeon (1990) and The Best Cat Ever (1993, published after Polar Bear's death), also were bestsellers.
In 1988, Amory made his only feature film appearance in the role of "Mr. Danforth" in the comedy-drama Mr. North, starring Anthony Edwards.
Animal rights work
Director and president of organizations
Beginning in the early 1960s, Amory, while maintaining his career as an outspoken reporter and commentator, began to devote an increasing amount of his time to animal rights organizations. In 1962, he joined the board of directors of the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), remaining there until 1970. Amory also served as president of the New England Anti-Vivisection Society (NEAVS) from 1987 until his death in 1998.
The Fund for Animals
In 1967, Amory founded the Fund for Animals with a planned focus on protecting animals from hunters and creating animal sanctuaries. The Fund struggled during the first years of its existence but became known in 1979 for sponsoring a removal by air and land of 580 Grand Canyon burros slated for destruction by the National Park Service. Amory later fought a similar battle to prevent the killing of San Clemente Island's goats by the Department of Defense. By the time Amory died in 1998, the Fund had a "$2 million budget, more than 200,000 members, and three animal sanctuaries, and had initiated several high profile animal rescues, including the organic 'painting' of baby harp seals off the Magdalen Islands in Canada to ensure that their fur was worthless to hunters."
In 2005, a few years after Amory's death, HSUS formed a corporate combination with the Fund for Animals.
Black Beauty Ranch
Inspired by Anna Sewell's novel Black Beauty, Amory established the Black Beauty Ranch, a 1,460-acre sanctuary that sheltered various abused animals, including chimpanzees, burros and elephants. Located in Murchison, Texas, this ranch accommodated over 600 resident animals. Amory's goal when creating the animal refuge was to "create a sanctuary where its inhabitants would roam unfettered and unbothered by human taskmasters." The words on the ranch's gate are taken from the final lines of Sewell's novel: "I have nothing to fear, / and my story ends. / My troubles are all over, / and I am at home."
The original rationale for creating the ranch was to have a sanctuary for the many burros rescued in 1979 and the early 1980s by the Fund for Animals. The Ranch became the largest sanctuary sponsored by the Fund. One of Black Beauty's most famous residents was a 25-year-old chimp named Nim Chimpsky who had been used in language experiments when young and then sold as a laboratory animal.
The ranch was the fulfillment of a longtime dream for Amory. He explained in his 1997 book Ranch of Dreams: "It was not long after reading Black Beauty for the first time that I had a dream that one day I would have a place which would embody everything Black Beauty loved about his final home. I dreamed that I would go even a step further—at my place none of the horses would ever wear a bit or blinkers or check reins, or in fact have reins at all, because they would never pull a cart, a carriage, a cab, or anything else. Indeed, they would never even be ridden—they would just run free."
Black Beauty Ranch is currently operated by HSUS.
Support of Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
In 1978, Amory purchased the first oceangoing vessel for Captain Paul Watson, the founder of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. Watson used this boat in his first actions against the Japanese whaling fleet. Amory took part in many campaigns such as the one waged by Paul Watson and the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society against whaling and sealing.
Influence on celebrities
Amory, who had many prominent persons and celebrities in his social circle, was noted for influencing celebrities to support animal rights. He reportedly enlisted Henry Fonda, Andy Williams and Grace Kelly, and he also recruited Doris Day, Angie Dickinson, and Mary Tyler Moore for his campaigns against fur clothing.
Personal life
Amory was married twice. His first wife was Cora Fields Craddock in 1941; they divorced in 1947. His second wife was actress Martha Hodge, whom he married on December 31, 1954. The couple divorced in 1977. Amory had one stepdaughter by his second marriage.
Amory enjoyed playing chess and was a member of the New York Athletic Club.
Death
Amory died in 1998 of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. He was cremated and his ashes were spread across Black Beauty Ranch by his favorite burro, named Friendly.
Today, on Black Beauty Ranch, a stone monument to Amory stands beside the monument and burial site of his beloved cat, Polar Bear.
Awards and honors
Amory was inducted into the U.S. Animal Rights Hall of Fame in 2000, for his dedicated work on behalf of animals.
Works
Written
All books are nonfiction, unless noted otherwise.
Edited
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American Haredi rabbi and scholar (1925–2022)
Shlomo Carlebach (August 17, 1925 – July 21, 2022) was a German-born American Haredi rabbi and scholar.
Carlebach was appointed mashgiach ruchani (spiritual supervisor) of the Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin by its rosh yeshiva (dean) Yitzchak Hutner, following the departure of the previous mashgiach, Avigdor Miller. He was later terminated from this position during a power struggle with Hutner's disciples.
Carlebach was a cousin of the composer and musician Shlomo Carlebach.
Early life
Shlomo Carlebach was born in Hamburg to Joseph Carlebach, the city's last chief rabbi and a scion of an illustrious German rabbinical family. His mother was Charlotte Helene Carlebach (née Preuss; 1900–1942).
World War II
In 1941, Carlebach's family was deported along with the entire Jewish community of Hamburg to the Jungfernhof concentration camp near Riga in Latvia. Carlebach's parents and his sisters Ruth, Noemi and Sara were killed in a forest near Riga in 1942. As the youngest son, Carlebach was able to survive the Holocaust while suffering four years of internment in nine different concentration camps. His older four sisters and brother were sent to England by their parents and survived the war; his sister Miriam made aliyah (immigrated to the Land of Israel) instead.
Carlebach talked with the authors of the book Die Carlebachs, eine Rabbinerfamilie aus Deutschland (The Carlebachs, a Family of Rabbis from Germany) about his father and the time in the concentration camps. Some of these details appear in Gut Jungfernhof (Lager) [de], the German article about the camp.
Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin
After the war, Carlebach was accepted as a student at the Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin, where he became one of the closest disciples of its rosh yeshiva (dean) Yitzchak Hutner. So much so, that Carlebach was selected to write the brief welcoming introductions in Hutner's works, the Pachad Yitzchok, where he would sign himself as שלמה בן הרב ר' יוסף צבי הי"ד קרליבך (Shlomo the son of Rabbi Yosef Tzvi (may God avenge his blood) Carlebach).
Carlebach was serving as a high school teacher of Torah studies and Talmud in the Yeshiva of Eastern Parkway in Brooklyn, when Hutner appointed him the new mashgiach ruchani of Chaim Berlin following the departure of Avigdor Miller in 1964, who had been long tenured in that position. He served as mashgiach of the yeshiva and Kollel Gur Aryeh (its post-graduate division) from 1966 to 1978, after which he was succeeded by Shimon Groner, one of Hutner's trusted disciples.
For the most part, Carlebach was a very successful mashgiach. He began to develop a series of lectures that he eventually published, first in pamphlet form and later in a full series that he would call Maskil Lishlomo.
Final years at Chaim Berlin
Hutner had always wanted to move to Israel to establish a new yeshiva. He made aliyah together with his only daughter, Bruria David, who was childless, leaving Yeshiva Rabbi Chaim Berlin and Kollel Gur Aryeh to his disciples. While the designated new rosh yeshiva was to be Aaron Schechter, it was assumed that Carlebach would continue as mashgiach. However, in 1977, a serious dispute arose between Carlebach and Hutner and his disciples. The result of this power struggle was Carlebach being denied access to the yeshiva, though he subsequently refused to relinquish the title mashgiach ruchani. Carlebach attempted to bring the termination of his employment and the manner in which it was done to adjudication with various batei din (Jewish religious courts). Rabbi Carlebach called the then-current officers running the yeshiva to a Beth Din. Hutner claimed that if Carlebach wants to go to a Din Torah, then he would have to summon Hutner himself, not his disciples, something Carlebach would never do. That pronouncement has been adopted by his designated heirs, who took complete control of the yeshiva following Hutner's death in 1980. In 1982 Carlebach summoned them again to the court of Rabbi Moshe Feinstein. The summons included that until the disputants come to a Din Torah, Carlebach still retained his position as Mashgiach. Based on this ruling, Carlebach has reserved the right as being called the Mashgiach of the Yeshivam.
Author and lecturer
Following his departure from Chaim Berlin, Carlebach delivered lectures at various Beis Yaakov schools and seminaries for young women. His eloquent speaking style garnered him a wide audience, and he began to record and sell tapes of his lectures. But the bulk of his time and energy were reserved for writing his life's work in Hebrew, which was to become the five volumed Maskil Lishlomo on the Chumash (Pentateuch) that incorporated much of Hutner's thought system in his ten volume Pachad Yitzchok. In recent years, Carlebach has dedicated much of his time to writing a biography of his father, Ish Yehudi – The Life and Legacy of a Torah Great: Joseph Tzvi Carlebach. He was also working on translating his father's writings into English.[citation needed]
Personal life
A number of Carlebach's children are Orthodox rabbis. His eldest daughter, Elisheva Carlebach is the Salo Wittmayer Baron Professor of Jewish history, culture and society at Columbia University. His sister, Miriam Gillis-Carlebach, heads the Joseph Carlebach Institute at Bar-Ilan University in Ramat Gan, Israel.
Carlebach died in Lakewood, New Jersey, on July 21, 2022, at the age of 96.
Published works
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh_Tonmoy"}
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Sheikh Sharhan Naser Tonmoy best known as Sheikh Tonmoy is a Bangladesh Awami League politician and the incumbent member of parliament from Bagerhat-2. He is a grand-nephew of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and nephew of Sheikh Hasina.
Early life
Tonmoy's father is Sheikh Helal Uddin, Member of Parliament from Bagerhat-1 and cousin of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. He completed his higher studies in London, United Kingdom.
Career
Tonmoy was elected to Parliament on 30 December 2018 from Bagerhat-2 as a Bangladesh Awami League candidate.
Sheikh Tonmoy started his career journey with a job at a company in Singapore. Although he was born into a political family and didn't become politically active until 2017, he joined the Bangladesh Awami League as a member from Bagerhat Municipal Branch. That was his formal joining in politics.
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ef4e959b-4f73-4909-b13d-fe8be9537131
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardijan"}
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Village in Markazi, Iran
Kardijan (Persian: كرديجان, also Romanized as Kardījān and Kordījān; also known as Gardījān, Kardīān, and Qardīān) is a village in Mazraeh Now Rural District, in the Central District of Ashtian County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,667, in 409 families.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langham_Partnership"}
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Nonprofit Christian international fellowship
Langham Partnership (formerly known as Langham Partnership International) is a nonprofit Christian international fellowship working in pursuit of the vision of its founder John Stott: to foster the growth of the global church in maturity and Christ-likeness by raising the standards of biblical preaching and teaching through equipping Majority World Christian pastors, scholars, writers, publishers, and other key leaders. In 2005, TIME magazine named Stott among the 100 most influential people in the world.
History
Origin
The roots of Langham Partnership extend to 1969 when John Stott had a strong desire to help Christian pastors in non-Western countries (where he was travelling widely) more fully understand the Bible so they could preach its messages more clearly to their own people. "He saw lots of Christians, but not enough teachers; lots of enthusiasm, but not enough erudition." By dedicating the royalties from his (eventually more than 50) published books, Stott first established a fund he named Langham Trust (LT) to finance doctoral scholarships.
In 1971, he founded the Evangelical Literature Trust (ELT) to provide books for students, pastors, and theological libraries in the Majority World. Both of these remained independent charities registered in the UK until, in 2001, Langham Partnership UK & Ireland was registered to amalgamate and replace the former LT and ELT). The objectives and work of the two original charities – Langham Scholars and Langham Literature respectively – continue within Langham Partnership.
In 1974 Stott, with a group of friends, launched the Langham Foundation in the US to encourage and enable people there to "help provide the resources needed to raise the standards of biblical preaching worldwide." Around the same time, Langham networks were formed in Australia and Canada to help raise funds to support the ministries for which Stott advocated.
Names
In 1996, the name was changed in the US to John Stott Ministries to capitalise on the public stature of its founder.) Considering the wishes expressed by Stott prior to his death in 2011, the John Stott Ministries board of directors changed the name to Langham Partnership USA in 2012.
Memorandum
In 1999, as he approached his 80th birthday and contemplated the future of the ministries he had founded, John Stott wrote a "lengthy memorandum," reflecting on their underlying vision. In it he articulated what is now known as the "Langham Logic"):
Activity: 2000-present
In 2002, after Stott had led seminars on biblical preaching in Latin America, convinced there was a need for pastors to be motivated, trained, and equipped in the skills of biblical preaching in a more direct, 'hands-on' way, Langham Preaching was inaugurated as a distinct third ministry of Langham Partnership alongside Scholars and Literature. The new ministry expanded through a growing network of indigenous leaders and regional coordinators, and by 2013, operates in 70 countries.
In 2004, the first Langham Partnership Regional Consultation was held in Entebbe, Uganda, with representative advisors from around East Africa. Through a series of similar consultations around the world in the following years, regional development spread in 13 major continental regions. As local leadership and initiative was encouraged, regional coordinators were appointed in Latin America, Central America, Anglophone Africa, Asia, and the Pacific region. The Langham name, brand, vision and ministries are now 'owned' in a steadily growing number of countries.
According to The Guardian newspaper, Langham Partnership is a "threefold initiative...to strengthen the church in the developing world by training preachers, funding doctoral scholarships for the most able theological thinkers, and providing basic, low-cost libraries for pastors." Christianity Today called Langham Partnership "preeminent among the organizations [John Stott] launched." "[Langham Partnership] particularly encourages biblical preaching by offering study books for pastors and libraries, by inspiring biblical preaching movements, and by offering doctoral scholarships for evangelical scholars who will commit to teaching in their home seminaries."
In 2006, the Africa Bible Commentary was published. Langham Literature and SIM were jointly involved in sponsoring this one volume commentary on the whole Bible written entirely by African authors for Africa. Langham has facilitated its translation into French, Portuguese, Swahili, and Malagasy. This publication in Africa has led Langham Literature to facilitate similar major projects for one-volume Bible commentaries in regional languages in Latin America, South Asia, the Middle East, and Eurasia.
Another example of the work of Langham Partnership can be seen in the 2007 Langham Preaching training course on expository biblical preaching taken by 150 pastors in Nigeria. Since that initial event, the Nigerian movement has diversified to many different parts of the country, training thousands of pastors and lay preachers.
In 2008, Langham Partnership merged with the Eastern Europe Literature Advisory Committee (EELAC). EELAC assisted Christian publishers in the former communist countries of Europe. Langham Literature continues that support, but has extended it in the form of publisher development in other parts of the world.
Influence
As described on the International Christian College website (of Glasgow, Scotland): "John Stott was not only concerned with the church in the UK…. A number of international students coming to ICC over the years have been supported by the Langham Partnership, an initiative begun by Stott in 1969 in order to support church leaders from the Global South studying at UK universities. The ultimate aim was the building up of the church globally, with well trained, theologically literate leaders involved in the rapidly growing churches of the Global South."
In view of his influence through the Langham ministries, along with his many books, travels, and projects, and his acknowledged leadership of the evangelical movement worldwide, John Stott was described by church historian David Edwards as "apart from William Temple (who died as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1944) the most influential clergyman in the Church of England during the 20th century." And with Langham Partnership and his other works, Stott "is credited with doing more to change the landscape of global evangelicalism in the twentieth century than any other evangelical."
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Standardised baseline rules for email
Internet e-mail functions through the use of Internet Standards. Although many more standards actually apply to e-mail, virtually all mail servers and e-mail clients support at least the following basic set.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Mann_Gymnasium_(Budapest)"}
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Private school / international school
The German School of Budapest - Thomas Mann Gymnasium (commonly referred to as DSB) (German: Deutsche Schule Budapest - Thomas Mann Gymnasium) is a private international school in Budapest, Hungary. It was founded in 1908 to serve German families in Hungary. It now has a diverse student body with primarily children of the expatriate business and diplomatic communities. Considered to be one of the best schools of its kind, it was awarded a Certificate of Excellence by the Central Agency for German Schools Abroad in 2012 and again in 2020.
History
The former Deutsche Schule Budapest was re-established as the continuation of, first, the 1908 Reichsdeutsche Schule Budapest, and later, the German Government School in Budapest. Its founders were the state of Baden-Württemberg, the Federal Government of Germany, the City of Budapest and the Hungarian Government, in succession to a tradition of German schools in Hungary dating back to the late 19th century. Since then, it has evolved into a prestigious institution for about 500 students, with a Primary School from Grade 1 to 4 (Grundschule) and a Secondary School for Grades 5 to 12 (Gymnasium).
Academics
The German School of Budapest's philosophy is to serve as a platform fostering intercultural dialogue. It is committed to act as a bridge between the German and Hungarian society, culture and language.
It has a rigorous bicultural academic curriculum evidenced by a graduation rate of virtually 100% and one of the highest university admission rates (95%) in the country. The primary language of instruction is German with some classes taught in Hungarian, depending on the student's academic program. Given the limited German knowledge of the majority of the Hungarian pupils, teaching is more and more moving into bilingual set-up. Given the multicultural student body, the emphasis is on nurturing independent thinking, tolerance and openness.
The primary school encompasses Grades 1 to 4 and follows the national curriculum of Germany. Hungarian is offered as a regular language class for beginners, advanced and bilingual students. English is playfully introduced as a foreign language.
The secondary school is split into a German and Hungarian section. The German section follows the German national curriculum for Gymnasiums with English (Grade 5), French (Grade 6) and Spanish (Grade 9) as the foreign languages and leads to the German Abitur. Students in the Hungarian section also follow the German national curriculum but have additional classes in Hungarian literature, Hungarian history and are taught biology and chemistry in Hungarian according to the Hungarian national curriculum. In Grade 5 the focus is on acquiring proficiency in German. Students may sit the German Abitur, as well as the Hungarian Érettségi. The two sections are physically divided into separate classes up to Grade 9. After that, students of both sections are mixed so that Germans and Hungarians spend the majority of their time studying side by side.
The school is especially known for its high level in mathematics, science and languages. Students frequently outperform their counterparts in standardized tests, successfully participate in international and national academic competitions, and have the possibility to earn language certificates due to cooperation with the Institut Français and the Instituto Cervantes.
Faculty
Teachers at the school are generally recommended and appointed by the German Ministry for Education (Kultusministerkonferenz) and have to be confirmed by the school. The positions are highly competitive and are based on three-year contracts with the possibility of extension. In some cases, especially for subjects taught in Hungarian, the school hires teachers directly from Hungary. Several years of experience at a highly reputable Hungarian secondary school is a minimum requirement.
Tuition
Tuition for the 2016-2017 school year is 1,162,500 HUF excluding additional fees for registration, materials, extracurriculars, lunch, class trips, excursions, and transportation. This makes the DSB one of the most expensive private schools in the country.
Student body
The school prides itself on its diversity, serving students from a wide range of cultural, ethnic and racial backgrounds. Albeit smaller than most other international schools in Budapest, it is proportionally more diverse and more focused on a cosmopolitan education with especially Grades 9-12 serving as examples of cross-cultural communication and understanding.
The German School is considered to be the go-to institution for an increasing number of diplomat, expat and bilingual families, as well as the Hungarian elite. Due to the high tuition fees and rigorous admission process, it primarily caters to an exclusive group of families.
Facilities
The school has a large 35-hectare campus in the Buda hills overlooking the city and is conveniently accessible by public transport. A historic hunting lodge houses the primary school and the cafeteria. The secondary school and the administrative offices are located in a contemporary, purpose-built building. Apart from several specialty classrooms for the art and science classes, there is a computer room, a library with over 7,000 books, a gym and a professionally equipped theater. The outdoor facilities include a playground, a basketball and a soccer court, and a running track. All classrooms are equipped with Smart Boards.
For class trips, project excursions and training camps the school owns a holiday house in Gárdony, at the shore of Lake Velence. It can accommodate up to 36 people in en-suite rooms, has a fully equipped kitchen, a multipurpose room, and plenty of canoes and other sports equipment.
Due to increasing number of students, a major expansion project designed by BH Architects has started in August 2016. Apart from a new building amendment which will house new classrooms, an additional gym, a larger cafeteria. The new two-decked parking lot has already been completed.
Extracurriculars
Each year the school offers a wide variety of extracurricular activities: from intramurals and club sports to arts, music and science. The drama and musical clubs put on plays suitable for different ages. In the past, famous Broadway productions such as Hair and Cats, as well as student-written pieces have been showcased. The Lego Robotics club has participated in national and international competitions. The DSB is one of currently nine Hungarian schools running the Model European Parliament project. Students have successfully advanced to the national and international rounds. The Class of '05 won the first prize at the German Competition of Political Education in 2003, and the school had regularly sends the finalists to the prestigious OKTV competition. The school has close links to the prestigious Europa-Kolleg, a two-weeks research scholarship program for annually twenty high school student, organised by the state foundation of Lower Saxony, the Stiftung Niedersachsen.
Athletics
Following the concept of a holistic education, the school emphasises the importance of athletics. Students participate in varsity sports competing in tournaments with local Hungarian schools. The basketball team has also had notable successes, not the least thanks to the annual student-teacher match on the last school day before Christmas break.
The girls' volleyball team is one of the excelling school teams in the area, represented in almost every major high school level tournament. Club sports, such as hockey, four square (known as Tengo at the school) and dance are particularly popular with the lower grades.
Traditions
Gombocz-Runde
Named after one-time school coach and PE teacher Gábor Gombocz, the Gombocz-Runde is a 1,5 km cross country run on an area near the school with extreme inclines and uphill parts. As such, it is strenuous exercise even for generally fit students. Tradition has it that every student has to run it at least once a term to pass in PE, although this has recently been abandoned. The run itself nevertheless remains part of the PE curriculum. It is partly due to the tradition of the Gombocz-Runde that DSBlers are regularly seen at various city marathons and charity runs. Gombocz doesn't run with the students, he sits on a chair at the gate.
Adventsbasar
The Adventsbasar is co-organised by the Parents' Association that takes place in early December. It is a Christmas-themed event where most classes get a stall and sell pancakes, mulled wine, and various trinkets. The profit usually goes to the class accounts of the pupils.
Szalagavató
Once seniors have passed their first semester of finals and are admitted to the leaving examinations, they are allowed to wear a distinctive bright-blue ribbon on their coats. The Szalagavató is the ceremony when the ribbons are officially handed over to the students. The Szalagavató takes place in late November or early December marking the final stage of a student's school career. It is a white tie event taking place in the school, commonly presided over by the German Ambassador to Budapest or another high-ranking state officer and attended by the students´ families, friends, diplomats and corporate leadership.
Ballagás (graduation ceremony)
Ballagás is the actual Graduation ceremony, on the last day of ordinary school schedules for the seniors. It takes place on the last Friday before the start of the preparatory and examination period, at the end of which the oral parts of the leaving examinations are taken. Seniors walk through classrooms decorated with flowers for this purpose, singing traditional commercium songs, such as Gaudeamus Igitur.
Notable alumni
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73be4ae7-845c-4368-a9f3-45217431b4af
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picket_43"}
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2015 Indian film
Picket 43 is a 2015 Malayalam-language Indian drama film written and directed by Major Ravi. It stars Prithviraj and Javed Jaffrey in the lead roles. It was filmed by cinematographer Jomon T. John and most portions of the film were shot in Kashmir. The film dealt with the story of an Indian army soldier guarding a picket alone in Kashmir, and his friendship with a Pakistani soldier.
The film released on 23 January 2015 to highly positive reviews from critics and audience alike. The film is one of the profitable Malayalam films of 2015 considering theatrical collections, and satellite and television rights.
Plot
Hareendranath Nair (Prithviraj) is an Indian soldier who is assigned to guard an Indian Picket ( i.e., Picket 43) in Kashmir. It was said to be a very dangerous place, and Hareendran had to be forced to take charge at the place, forsaking his sanctioned leave due to the forcefulness of his superior officer (Renji Panicker). Hareendran is forced to stay at the Picket with an extremely trained dog called Baccardi as his companion. He starts seeing the dog akin to someone with intelligence and treats him like a person, not even permitting anyone to call Baccardi a 'dog'. Hareendran confides in the dog his inner thoughts and emotions, which lifts his spirit slightly even at the most difficult times.
It is slowly revealed that the reason Hareendran had applied for the above-mentioned leave was to register marry the girl he loved, who happened to be his uncle's daughter. When Hareendran, along with his mother, proposed a marriage between him and his cousin to his uncle, he was forsaken by his uncle in favor of a guy from the very same village who had made a fortune in Dubai. Hareendran along with his friends concluded that the only way to marry his lover was a register marriage, and decides to do it the next time he comes to the village on leave. It was before the decided dated that his already sanctioned leave was canceled, telling us the reason to why he was so sad.
For the first eight months of his stay at the picket, the Pakistani picket opposite his picket, across the L.O.C, was occupied by a very hostile Pakistani.
It was then that a very peculiar Pakistani soldier named Mushraff (Javed Jaffrey) is introduced. Mushraff had come to replace the Pakistani who was hostile to Hareendran at the picket. They slowly relate to each other and despite hailing from different countries, they began to understand each other better than anyone else. They eventually become close friends and started to enhance the morale of each other.
One day the border was attacked and Ranger Musharaff was fatally shot down by terrorists while he was providing support to Hareendaran. Hareendaran then tries to protect the border on his own and eventually succeeds.
As backup arrives Hareendaran requests the commander to inform the Pakistani embassy that Musharaff is shot and that medics need to arrive immediately. He even added that he would cross the L.O.C if medics don't arrive as soon as possible. Some time later medics arrive and it is revealed that Musharaff is still alive.
In the end, the viewer finds himself appreciating and realizing the sacrifices made by the army to protect our life.
Cast
Theme
Instead of focusing on devastating wars and the like, the movie deals more with the psychological trauma a soldier has to go through in order to safeguard his motherland. It also throws light on the fact that friendship is not based on certain rules or conventions and that the key factor for a true friendship is to have a better understanding and compassion for each other. It also explains how a faithful dog can turn out to be your confidante when you feel alone and dejected.
Casting
Initially Ravi developed the film with for Mohanlal in the lead role as a reboot to the Major Mahadevan film series. But when approached, he was reluctant to take the role, because, he felt that the character did not match with his age, and said it would be more suitable for a younger actor. He also doubted how people would accept a 'Havildar Mahadevan' since the fictional character was normally portrayed in higher rank in the earlier films. And when asked he suggested Prithviraj.
Theatrical run
The film ran for 50 days in selected releasing centres. Although it got a long run it grossed only ₹5.7 crore (US$710,000) from theatres against a budget of ₹4.7 crore (US$590,000). Still it is considered[by whom?] as one of the "profited" Malayalam film in 2015, considering theatrical collection and satellite rights.
Controversy
Producer Sunil O. G lodged a complaint against Major Ravi to the Kerala Film Producers Association, citing that the movie caused financial loss due to the excessive budget. According to him, the film was planned with a budget of ₹4 crores; but was later exceeded by about ₹70 lakhs rupees. "There was a legal agreement stating that the film should be completed within a stipulated budget, but Ravi couldn't manage the expenses".
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2a8d513e-78c8-47dd-9e76-563c9dccae13
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tha_Din_Daeng,_Bangkok"}
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Tha Din Daeng (Thai: ท่าดินแดง, pronounced [tʰâː dīn dɛ̄ːŋ]) is a market and one of oldest neighbourhoods in Bangkok. It is in the Somdet Chao Phraya and Khlong San Subdistricts of Khlong San District on the Thonburi side (west bank of the Chao Phraya River).
History
Tha Din Daeng dates back to the early Ayutthaya period (reigns of King Uthong to Intharacha). This area was a stop for cargo ships traveling from the Chao Phraya's mouth to Ayutthaya.
In the Rattanakosin period Tha Din Daeng was considered a prime location for commerce and industry. The area along the Chao Phraya, from Tha Din Daeng to the estuary, was home to many factories and businesses, such as rice mills, sawmills, warehouses, and docks. The traders in the area were mostly Chinese and Malays. King Mongkut (Rama IV) later encouraged European settlements.
Tha Din Daeng is home to many Thai Chinese, like other similar settlements such as Bangkok Chinatown, Yaowarat, Sampheng, Talat Noi, and Talat Phlu. Here there is a ferry that crosses from Rachawong pier (N5) in Sampheng. There are three shrines: Shiva Shrine, Sam Nai Keng Joss House (Chinese: 吞府三奶廟), the oldest Hakka's joss house in Bangkok, built in 1847, and Pung Tao Kong Joss House (本頭公廟).
Tha Din Daeng Road was built in 1931 during King Prajadhipok's (Rama VII) reign after the construction of Memorial bridge linked Phra Nakhon and Thonburi. The road was named by Prince Damrong to recall King Rama I's victories over the Burmese Army (Tha Din Daeng campaign).
Tha Din Daeng is home to many restaurants and street food vendors selling pork satay, pot-stewed goose and duck, milk café, bok kia (a kind of Hainan-style ice dessert), and Phra ram long song (พระรามลงสรง, rice topped with scalded pork and scalded water spinach and topped with satay sauce and nam phrik phao).
Places
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1e31edf6-ad0b-4fd2-9307-0db831b5b690
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Canadian businessman
Rahul Sood is the CEO and co-founder of Irreverent Labs, the former CEO of Unikrn), and was the founder of VoodooPC. Sood was also an early investor in AR/VR company Vrvana he's also an investor in blockchain play to earn horse racing game ZED Run, and high end PC gaming company, MAINGEAR.
In 2007 Business 2.0 magazine claimed Sood to be 83rd out of 101 persons on their "Who matters now?" list. After VoodooPC was acquired by HP, Sood announced his resignation in November 2010. In December 2010, after spending 18 years with multiple startups, he announced that he joined Microsoft as the GM for System Experience in the Interactive Entertainment Business. Shortly after he started Microsoft Ventures and was the general manager up until his resignation in November 2014. In November 2014 he started Unikrn, an esports betting platform, and raised 2.5m in a seed round. By July 2015 Sood then raised an additional $7m for Unikrn Mark Cuban, Advancit Group, Freelands Capital, and a few more. Also in 2015 Sood was on CNBC discussion the future of Esports, where he was quoted as saying it would eventually be as big as the NFL. In an interview with Startup Grind, Sood talks about the challenges of raising money for entrepreneurs in the Seattle area. In November 2019 he did a TedX Talk in San Juan on the massive growth of Esports.
Rahul's company Unikrn under his leadership created the Unikoin token in 2015, and built their platform around the virtual token over the following two years. In 2017 they moved the token to the public blockchain on the Ethereum Mainnet ultimately selling $31 million dollars through the ICO process. UnikoinGold was created in the fall of 2017 which later came under an SEC inquiry. In 2020 Unikrn agreed to an order of Settlement with the SEC, pursuant to which Unikrn will pay a total of $6.1 million to the SEC so they can begin to manage the claims process. Unikrn voluntarily suspended future development or use of UnikoinGold and the SEC used the agreed settlement to establish a fair fund to provide refunds to all token holders. Unikrn volunteered for the settlement despite lack of consensus within the SEC that the UnikoinGold constituted a security, with Commissioner Hester M. Peirce saying, "I do not concur in my colleagues’ opinion that Unikrn's token offering constituted a securities offering[...] By failing to challenge ourselves to experiment with new approaches to regulation, we, and those whose interests we are pledged to serve, risk surrendering the fruits of innovation. I respectfully dissent from the commission's actions today relating to Unikrn."
In November 2020, he became the co-owner of the Jaffna Stallions franchise ahead of the 2020 Lanka Premier League. He was also mentioned in a follow up article in Geekwire talks about Seattle based tech leaders investing in cricket teams. In this article the owners of the Jaffna Stallions talk about their desire to help rebuild Jaffna through the sport of cricket. Sood is co-owner of the team. The Jaffna Stallions ended up winning the inaugural LPL championship on December 16, 2020.
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41da7f02-aa40-4716-85ce-081c94a97cba
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranqueles_mus"}
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Species of beetle
Ranqueles mus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Pierre-Émile Gounelle in 1906. It is known from central and northwestern Argentina. It feeds on Prosopis nigra.
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d8d3e6c3-b396-4d42-8a6f-80d95c458922
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mvelaphanda_Group"}
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Mvelaphanda Group (JSE: MVG) is a company in South Africa, listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE), that was founded by Tokyo Sexwale, a compatriot of Nelson Mandela. The group was formed in 2003/4 by the merger of Mvelaphanda Holdings and Rebserve. Mvelaphanda Holdings is active in the fields of financial services, healthcare, mining, general industry and real property.
Mvela Holdings is the controlling shareholder of Mvelaphanda Group Ltd and has a significant interest in JSE-listed Mvelaphanda Resources Ltd. It has other substantial privately held interests in the mining, energy, real estate and various other industrial sectors in South Africa and Africa. The chief executive of the company is Mark Willcox. In January 2012, Mvelaphanda Holdings, OZ Management (a subsidiary of Och-Ziff Capital Management Group) and Palladino Holdings announced the creation of a joint venture called Africa Management Limited, which will also see the creation of African Global Capital, a platform through which to invest in public and private markets across Africa. This platform will focus primarily on natural resources.
Controversy
Mvelaphanda has been the subject of scrutiny due to its involvement with Palladino Holdings in a USD25 million loan to start up a state mining company. The terms of the loan stated that in the event of default, the lender could receive payment in kind to the value of the loan, up to 30% in state mining assets.
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f7aa404d-f7dd-4ccd-9b30-9868ef34e721
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Reilly_Auto_Parts_150_at_Mid-Ohio"}
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NASCAR Truck Series race at Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course
The O'Reilly Auto Parts 150 at Mid-Ohio is a NASCAR Camping World Truck Series race that is held at the Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course road course in Lexington, Ohio. Parker Kligerman is the defending winner of this race.
It is one of three standalone races on the Truck Series schedule, the others being the Corn Belt 150 at Knoxville Raceway and the TSport 200 at Lucas Oil Indianapolis Raceway Park. This race is held on the same weekend as the Cup Series' Quaker State 400 and the Xfinity Series' Alsco Uniforms 250, both at Atlanta Motor Speedway. A race for the main ARCA Menards Series will be held at Mid-Ohio on the same weekend as this race.
History
The 2022 Truck Series schedule was released on September 29 with Mid-Ohio on Saturday, July 9. The track was given the race as a result of losing their Xfinity Series race to Portland International Raceway. Both the Mid-Ohio and Portland road courses are owned and operated by Green Savoree Racing Promotions. It was the first time that Green Savoree had a total of two NASCAR national series races in any series.
This race became an additional 23rd race on the Truck Series schedule. The series had 23 races in 2020 but only 22 races in 2021 as a result of the race at Iowa Speedway not being replaced with another race.
The race will be 151 miles and 67 laps long according to NASCAR.com. Each of the stages will be 25 laps in length.
On May 5, 2022, O'Reilly Auto Parts was announced as the title sponsor of the race. Also, "at Mid-Ohio" is part of the official name of the race (similar to races at Watkins Glen International where "at The Glen" is part of the names of the track's races), making the name of the race the "O'Reilly Auto Parts 150 at Mid-Ohio".
Past winners
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3f72fd8f-e1a9-4c84-a90e-2a6ab9518817
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabasalu_JK"}
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Estonian football club
Football club
Tabasalu Jalgpalliklubi was an Estonian football club based in Tabasalu. The club was founded in 1999. The team last played in the II Liiga, the third highest level of Estonian football. The team was dissolved in 2013, and a new team, JK Tabasalu, was created.
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150ffc41-d308-4907-ac88-3067558f4ca8
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Barboux"}
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French lawyer and politician
Louis Henri Barboux (24 September 1834, Châteauroux, Indre – 25 April 1910, Paris) was a prominent French financial lawyer, politician, and member of the Académie française.
Barboux was the lawyer for Sarah Bernhardt in her 1880 breach-of-contract suit against the Comédie-Française, and famously represented canal developer Ferdinand de Lesseps in the court trials of the financial Panama scandals beginning in 1892.
Despite the political controversies attached to the Panama scandals, Barboux was elected member of the Académie française in 1907 and served only briefly before his death. His speeches were collected in three volumes in 1889 and 1890.
Barboux is buried in the Montparnasse Cemetery, and a short street named in his honor lies in the 14th arrondissement of Paris.
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cd3910c0-41db-4218-a38f-8f97ead64871
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/If_You_Don%27t_Fight_You_Lose"}
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1978 studio album by Redgum
If You Don't Fight You Lose is the first album by Redgum. The title is taken from a line in the song "Killing Floor".
It was originally released on vinyl and cassette. It was very briefly available on CD in the late 80s, through a licensing deal with budget label Rainbow. It has never been re-released, although some tracks were included on the 2004 Redgum collection Against the Grain.
The band at this time was a part-time group and far less polished than they later became, they were still taking form. The songs address topical issues, such as unemployment, US influence, the effects of white settlement on Australia's aboriginal population, and more.
Track listing
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00ef26c8-57b7-49ee-8d1d-b542a505a8e4
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British politician
The Reverend Harry Dixon Longbottom (1886–1962) was a British Baptist Minister and politician who served as Lord Mayor of Liverpool.
Biography
Longbottom was born in Yorkshire in 1886. He was elected to Liverpool City Council on 1 December 1925 as Conservative Protestant for Breckfield Ward.[citation needed] In 1926 he lost his seat by only 46 votes but regained a council place for St. Domingo ward on 31 October 1930.[citation needed]
He stood as a Liverpool Protestant candidate unsuccessfully for Kirkdale in the 1931 general election.[citation needed] He tried again unsuccessfully in 1935. He was elected as an Alderman in 1935.[citation needed]
He served as Lord Mayor of Liverpool from 1950-51.
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b513374c-fad2-4a0f-92b0-ff9b4561c9d3
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English politician
Gervase Pierrepont, 1st Baron Pierrepont (1649 – 22 May 1715), was an English politician.
Pierrepont was the younger son of William Pierrepont, second son of Robert Pierrepont, 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull. His mother was Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Harries, 1st Baronet, of Tong Castle, Shropshire. He was the uncle of Robert Pierrepont, 3rd Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull, William Pierrepont, 4th Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull, and Evelyn Pierrepont, 1st Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull.
Pierrepont was returned to Parliament as one of two representatives for Appleby in 1698, a seat he held until 1705. In 1702 he was raised to the Peerage of Ireland as Baron Pierrepont, of Ardglass. This creation in the Peerage of Ireland allowed him to be ennobled, yet still remain in the House of Commons. In 1714 he was further honoured when he was made Baron Pierrepont, of Hanslape in the County of Buckingham, in the Peerage of Great Britain, with this creation giving him an automatic seat in the House of Lords.
Lord Pierrepont married Lucy Pelham, daughter of Sir John Pelham, 3rd Baronet, in 1680. He died in May 1715 when the baronies became extinct. Lady Pierrepont died in July 1721.
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122f98ca-491b-40c8-98a5-e6a0ac0503e6
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Brazilian footballer
António Dias Graça Nunes (born 26 January 1964), commonly known as Dias Graça, is a former Brazilian professional footballer.
Career
Graça started his career with Varzim.
Career statistics
Club
Notes
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89a7e3c0-6002-49ce-ba95-35704adc2bed
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikot_Akpan_Essien"}
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Town in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Ikot Akpan Essien is a town located in the Oruk Anam Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. It is as well one among the major towns of the Abak/Midim Clan both in the southern region of Nigeria.
History
Ikot Akpan Essien town was formally the headquarters during the then Anam local government or Anam Council after it formal locations which was shifted from Ikot Okoro and latter to Urua anwa both today in Oruk Anam LGA.
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fef9cf60-d54b-4d2a-b459-f83b62bdc137
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motyczno"}
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Village in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland
Motyczno [mɔˈtɨt͡ʂnɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Włoszczowa, within Włoszczowa County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately 5 kilometres (3 mi) north of Włoszczowa and 46 km (29 mi) west of the regional capital Kielce.
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b8133429-3336-4ac8-a83f-37e47daca6ee
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Medical condition
Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy is a skin condition that affects children under the age of two with a recent history of upper respiratory illness, a course of antibiotics, or both. The disease was first described in 1938 by Finkelstein and later by Seidlmayer as "Seidlmayer cockade purpura".
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5bf7b81d-75c8-424d-a330-2245174b8b66
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentecostalism_in_Norway"}
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Pentecostal congregations in Norway (Norwegian: Pinsemenigheiter ('Pentecostal congregations'), Pinsevenner ('Pentecostal friends') and Pinsebevegelsen ('the Pentecostal movement')) is the largest Protestant free church in Norway with a total membership of 40,725 people in 2020.
The Pentecostal movement in Norway is a Christian movement. It is not a single organized unit, but consists of a community of 340 independent churches (free churches). The Norwegian Pentecostal movement runs humanitarian work, schools and missions in about 30 countries.
The Pentecostal movement follows a biblical, radical Christian teaching. The beliefs of water baptism and baptism in the Holy Spirit are the characteristics of the Pentecostal movement, and this is perceived as the greatest difference between Pentecostals and, for example, Lutherans. Pentecostal gatherings are often held in simple rooms with few religious decorations. A congregation is not considered the church building itself, but rather the Christian community. In Norway, the Gospel Centre is the largest joint initiative in the movement.
Thomas Ball Barratt brought the Pentecostal movement to Norway in 1907. Barratt did not want to establish a new Christian movement, but rather wanted the Christian communities to be renewed. That was not the case, and he became the founder of the Pentecostal movement in Norway. Barratt was active in Sweden, Denmark and England, and when he visited Denmark in 1907, it sparked the beginning of the Danish Pentecostal movement. Barratt was a key figure in the establishment of the Pentecostal movement in several European countries, particularly Sweden and England.
Prevalence
Public statistics show that the Norwegian Pentecostal movement has about 40,000 baptized members, and additionally, approximately 10,000 children of members. The number of members has remained stable over the past few years.
There are 340 Pentecostal churches in Norway. Most are traditional churches[further explanation needed], but in recent years less-traditional churches have also been established, such as Jesus Church, which is a church aimed at youth.
The Pentecostal movement is considered among the world's fastest growing religious movements, with 600 million members.
The term Pentecostal movement covers the wider community. The Pentecostal movement worldwide is large and consists of many quite different free church congregations, organizations and societies, including the charismatic movement, the Jesus Movement, Baptists, the Word of Faith Movement, the Oasis Movement and many others. The term Pentecostal movement is used to refer to the community of Pentecostal churches with historical roots in the beginning of the Pentecostal revival. Their followers are called Pentecostals.
The Free Evangelical Fellowship, or de frie venner ('the free friends') as they are also called, are considered by many as part of the Pentecostal movement.[citation needed] Historically, there have been some slight differences in the view of baptism in the Holy Spirit (spirit baptism). There are several other Pentecostal directions which in doctrine and practice are similar to Pentecostal movement, but which have a slightly different background and somewhat different teachings. These include the Word of Faith Movement and Maran Ata.
History
The Pentecostal movement's roots go back to the Holiness Movement, which made its mark in America in the 19th century, but it was in 1906 that the Pentecostal movement and baptism of the Holy Spirit made a worldwide breakthrough at the revival on Azusa Street in Los Angeles. The Pentecostal revival of the early 1900s affected many established denominations, focusing on Jesus Christ, the key teachings of the Bible, and the Holy Spirit. Personal life as a Christian was also central and was expressed in an increased need for evangelism, prayer, and the use of spiritual gifts.
The term Pentecostal church was first used in the early 1900s by various congregations concerned with revival.
The baptism of the Spirit, as it was called, and Pentecostal revival came to Norway with Methodist priest Thomas Ball Barratt's return from the United States in December 1906. He had been on a fundraising trip for the construction of a building in Kristiania, now Oslo. Barratt had longed for the purification of the heart[definition needed] and the baptism of the Spirit, and when he was in the United States he happened upon the magazine The Apostolic Faith which discussed this. From New York, where he stayed, he made contact with the spiritually baptized in Los Angeles, which changed his life. Some time later he himself experienced "being filled with the spirit" and the ability to speak in tongues.
Spiritual baptism in Norway
When Barratt came to Kristiania in December 1906, it marked the beginning of several revival meetings with speaking in tongues. When Barratt stood at the podium in the gymnasium in Kristiania on December 23, 1906 and told of his spiritual baptism, he wept. This was the first meeting after his return, and although he did not utter a word, it was of great importance: the Spirit was present. The day after Christmas, more people came to experience similar things. By New Year 1907, ten people had been baptized in the Spirit. This is considered the beginning of the Pentecostal movement in Norway.
The meetings aroused great curiosity, and many often sought out the long meetings. People were saved or experienced a renewed Christian life. But many Christians were sceptical of Barratt's baptism in the Spirit, and the new revival faced strong opposition and criticism, in which the spiritually baptized were laughed at as religious fanatics. This contributed to the spread of the revival, and it spread like wildfire.
Initially, there was no set schedule or program at the meetings. The main content was likely to have been song, prayer and messages in the Spirit through speaking in tongues or prophetic speech. At first, there was no preaching in an orderly form. The Pentecostal movement at the beginning was more subjective and impulsive than, and in great contrast to, the more set form of church meeting among the Lutherans. Eventually preaching became central to the gatherings.
Revival and stagnation
Despite ridicule and resistance, the Pentecostal movement grew rapidly. New congregations were formed mainly in southern and eastern Norway, and especially in Telemark. Church planting or establishing business in new places has always been central to the movement. When new congregations are established, so-called outposts are formed. These are not independent churches or denominations, but are subject to the parent church.
From New Year 1907 the revival in Kristiania spread with great speed throughout the country. In many places, regular meetings began. Barratt did not want to establish a new Christian movement, but rather wanted renewal in Christianity. That was not the case, and he became the founder of the Pentecostal movement in Norway.
Throughout the 1930s, Norway was characterized by revivals in several places. This affected a number of churches and denominations and was a period of growth for the entire Christian community in Norway.
From 1945, after the war, growth stagnated. This period was marked by a deeper and more personal dedication to prayer and fasting.
In 1937, thirty years after its establishment, there were 16,783 Pentecostals in Norway. At the 50th anniversary in 1957, there were 249 Pentecostal churches with 26,474 Pentecostals in Norway. In 2007, the figure was about 42,000, if children are included as well.
Dissenter Act
The Dissenter Act restricted those who were not members of the State Church. The dissenters did not have full civil rights and at the same time were given some special duties. Dissenters were banned from several professions and faced, among other things, a ban on working as a teacher, nurse, civil servant, judge or minister. This led to a kind of "ghetto existence" for members of the free churches. This treatment made them feel disregarded by society.
Gradually, the law changed somewhat, and the distinction between dissenters and the other Norwegian citizens decreased. In 1969, the Dissenter Act was abolished, and the concept of dissent disappeared from Norwegian law. At the same time, the Norwegian constitution was amended to give full religious freedom in Norway.
Churches
On May 18, 1908, the first Norwegian Pentecostal church was founded in Skien. It was called Tabernaklet ('the Tabernacle'). The background for the foundation of the congregation was pastor C. M. Seehuus' break with the Baptist congregation in Skien, a congregation which he himself led.
From 1910, several already-established congregations joined the movement, including Berøa Oslo, Betel Nærsnes, Filadelfia Skiptvet and Betania Kongsberg.
As late as 1916, almost ten years after its establishment in Norway, the first Pentecostal church in Kristiania was founded. It had 200 members, and the congregation had held meetings in various rented premises since 1910. Today it is called Filadelfia Oslo. The new Filadelfia was inaugurated in 1938 after a major rebuild. Filadelfia Oslo is the Norwegian Pentecostal movement's largest congregation.
Throughout the 1920s many new congregations were formed in several places in Norway, due to the impression of God's intervention in life and that the spiritual gifts, as described by the first Christian churches, were again in use.
Missionary work
The Pentecostal Foreign Mission of Norway conducts missionary work in more than 30 countries on four continents. Missionary work has always been central to the Norwegian Pentecostal movement, which has 300 active missionaries, of which approximately 140 are currently abroad. They are also involved in several projects, humanitarian aid and relief. These are many missionaries compared to the movement's membership numbers. It is said that "there is one missionary for every 100 Pentecostals".[This quote needs a citation] This is because the movement is organized with many independent churches (denominations). From the Pentecostal view, according to the Bible's example in the Acts of the Apostles, it is the individual congregation that is responsible for missionaries. The close contact between a missionary in the field and a church at home in Norway has therefore been positive for missionary engagement.
In 1910, the first missionaries were sent to China (Henry and Parley Gulbrandsen), India (Dagmar Engstrøm [no] and Agnes Beckdal [no]), and Argentina.
In 1915, a mission organization by the name of Norges Frie Evangeliske Missionsforbund ('the Free Evangelical Missionary Federation') was founded by T.B. Barratt. In 1920 the name was changed to Norges Frie Evangeliske Hedningemission ('Norway's Free Evangelical Heathen Mission). In 1929 Barratt pushed for its dissolution, which happened in 1932. From then on, it is the individual churches themselves that have been responsible for the missionaries being dispatched. The movement later did not have any joint mission organization with responsibility for missionary activities.
The Norwegian Pentecostal Church's External Mission (De norske pinsemenigheters ytremisjon, PYM) is an office that coordinates practical things for missionaries, such as an overview of mission projects, Norad[definition needed] support, visa applications, airline tickets and more.
In 1922, the first Pentecostal missionaries were sent to the Congo, and after a somewhat difficult establishment, this became a major mission field. The missionary work in Congo was given its own name, CELPA, in 1995, at the same time as the national organization took over.
In 1983, there were approximately 350 active missionaries in 30 countries and 70–80 graduates waiting to travel.
Conflicts and reconciliation
In the late 1950s, Aage Samuelsen left the movement and formed the church Maran Ata in Oslo. A few years later there was a split with Aril Edvardsen and the organization Troens Bevis [no] (Evidence of Faith) in Kvinesdal.
Several conflicts arose in the 1980s and 1990s due to Word of Faith preaching in the Pentecostal movement. One of the more striking characters is Åge Åleskjær [no], who started his own megachurch, Oslo Kristne Senter [no], outside the Pentecostal movement in 1985. In the mid-1990s, reconciliation came between Pentecostalism, the Faith Movement, Åge Åleskjær, Evidence of Faith and Aril Edvardsen. The latter forms a separate branch. Aage Samuelsen's many songs are of great importance to the movement.
Credo
The Bible's words are interpreted to be true: that everything in it is true, a recognition of the entire Bible as God's holy and infallible word. At the same time, it is acknowledged that humankind does not understand everything or can fully explain all relationships. With the help of the Holy Spirit, however, Christians can gain a clearer understanding and greater understanding of what is written. The Pentecostal movement does not use explanatory or other scripture besides the Bible. The Pentecostal movement believes in the Bible's revelation of God as the only One, the Father (spirit), the Son (the spirit robed in flesh), and the Holy Ghost (God's spirit poured out and the infilling of believers). The return of Jesus, the last days, and the Millennium play an important role.
The baptism of the Spirit (baptism in the Holy Spirit) is an early Christian phenomenon, and first appeared on Pentecost in Jerusalem, following Jesus' ascension to heaven. The disciples were gathered. Then the Spirit fell upon them, and some disciples became bold apostles. The baptized Christians received greater boldness and joy, and they also received spiritual gifts that were a manifestation of God's presence.
Speaking in tongues is considered a prayer language that is used when one wants to pray not only with one's own thoughts and words, but also with one's spirit. However, speaking in tongues is not necessarily seen as being equally important for everyone.
Salvation is understood as an active act on the part of God. The relationship between God and the human race was lost during the Fall of Adam. Through the sacrificial death of Jesus Christ on the cross and resurrection, God restores the relationship between himself and the human race. All this happens through personal faith, which is a gift of God.
Communion has a central place in the service life of the movement, in commemoration and proclamation of the atoning death of Christ. The Lord's Supper refers to a deep union between Christ and His church.
Baptism is a baptism with full immersion in water, called believing baptism. Baptism is a voluntary choice. Baptism is an act that is done on the basis of faith and conviction. Baptism is a covenant of conscience between one who is baptized and God. For young children it is common to have a child blessing, which is not considered a baptism.
The Pentecostal movement has always had a social commitment to the poor and the excluded. This is done through relief work and collections. The missionary activity has focused on building schools, health services and taking care of the language and culture of each country.
The Pentecostal movement has a conservative view of sexuality and cohabitation.
The Pentecostals emphasize the idea that the Jews are God's chosen people, and are therefore Israel-friendly. Some give their support to Zionism.
Pentecostals have no particular celebration for Pentecost, although the first Pentecost, when the Holy Spirit fell upon the disciples, is central to the movement. They celebrate Christmas and Easter.
The Pentecostal view of the Bible as God's word has been one of the reasons why they have been largely dismissive of the World Council of Churches because they believe the ecumenical organization has too liberal a view of the Bible.
Organization
Individual congregations are registered as independent religious communities with the county governor and make decisions independently. However, the different churches tend to maintain good relationships.
The organizational form of the congregations may vary. They often have a simple organization, modelled on the biblical Book of Acts, from the way the first Christian congregation was organized.
Many congregations are led by a pastor who works with several elders or deacons. Traditionally, the congregations have had only men in leadership positions, but today there are congregations that have female leaders. Female speakers are not uncommon.
Membership
Individuals become members by enrolling in one particular congregation, preferably the local congregation where they live. Usually, they are required to proclaim their Christian faith to the congregation, and as a rule they must also be baptized. One can only be a member of one religious community (church).
Children in congregations who have grown up within the movement but who have not yet been baptized are referred to as belonging, while those who are baptized are referred to as members.
Music
Music has played an important role since the beginning of the movement. The Pentecostal movement broke with the conservative view of religious music styles. The members of the Pentecostal movement had little to spare for the hymnals and chorales, which were associated with the church's liturgy and rituals. The music emphasized spiritual freedom and had a folksy, new and fresh style. Precisely this was likely the reason why the Pentecostal movement made great progress. The movement also received some criticism for the lack of quality in lyrics and melodies.
Solos, duets and smaller music groups have characterized the movement, but the music style and performance has changed significantly from the movement's beginnings in 1907.
Like the Methodists and the Salvation Army, it is not uncommon to see brass bands in the larger churches. Among the last such brass bands still in existence as of 2018 are the Salen Horn Orchestra in Halden, the Filadelfia Horn Orchestra in Filadelfia Drammen, founded in 1956, and Betel Brass in Trondheim, founded in 1958.
T.B. Barratt was a singer, composer, musician and songwriter. Many of his songs are found in the songbooks Maran ata and Evangelietoner. From the age of 18, Barratt translated and wrote songs and hymns. In 1887 he published the first songbook Evangeliske Sanger containing 96 of his own songs. Barratt published the songbook Maran ata in 1911, with 587 songs. Many of the songs were written by Barratt, either newly written or translated from English. The songbook Evangelietoner was first published in 1979.
The record company Klango was established early on and released a number of gramophone records. Among the most famous artists were Kjell and Odd, Milly and Oddny and Karsten Ekorness. Later, Filadelfiaforlaget released music on record and cassette. The name was later changed to REX Forlag AS, which has now been merged with Hermon Forlag.
Particularly in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s, string music was both common and popular. These were smaller singing groups with stringed instruments. Mixed choirs or men's choirs were soon found in each church. Among the most well-known were probably the Filadelfia Choir in Oslo and Salem men's choir who were on par with the best in Norway. The lyrics were almost exclusively evangelical, and were about salvation, life and heaven.
In the 1980s and 1990s there was a period of many youth choirs and several released recordings. Betel String Music in Trondheim released three cassettes in the 1980s which were very popular.
From the mid-1990s, many of the lyrics have been characterized by more personal praise and worship. Dancing and drama groups with multimedia are becoming commonplace in youth environments.
Joint initiatives
Norwegian Pentecostal churches have many joint organizations locally, nationally and internationally. This can entail mission work, care work, radio and television work, children's work and publications. Preachers meet for discussions and cooperation. Every year, key people meet at the Preachers' Conference for advice and inspiration.
Finnmark's first private health enterprise, Betania Alta [no], now called Stiftelsen Betania (Betania Foundation), was established in 1937. The task was to alleviate the social distress among Finnmark's population during the interwar years.
In 1952 the first mission boat was purchased, Misjonsbåten Fredsbudet [no] or 'the Messenger of Peace mission boat'. It sailed along the Norwegian coast to smaller towns with the gospel. In 1980 it was replaced with a larger boat. In 2007, the boat was sold; the certification requirements and operating expenses became too extensive. It was remodeled and sailed under the name MS Vestgar.
In 1919, a Bible school was established in Møllergata in Oslo; this was the Norwegian Pentecostal Movement's first school. The school was intended for 100 students, but 400 met at school start. Later Bible schools or courses were established in several places in Norway. Hedmarktoppen, near Hamar, was first used as a convention site in 1954, while Hedmarktoppen Folkehøyskole was established in 1970, and later came Sandvik Folkehøyskole, now known as Helgeland Folkehøyskole. Betel Trondheim started Tomasskolen, a Christian elementary school, in 2000.
Stiftelsen Evangeliesenteret ('The Gospel Center Foundation') was founded in 1983 by Lise and Ludvig Karlsen. They were former drug addicts and felt a need to care for the community's outcasts. The first Gospel Center was opened in 1983 in a garage in Roa. The Gospel Center is Norway's largest private intervention in the field of substance abuse, and can accommodate 300 drug users at seven different centers around Norway. Hundreds have been given a new life.
The Pentecostal Children's and Youth Committee (PBU) coordinates the children's and youth work in the Pentecostal movement, publishes curriculum and organizes courses and conferences for leaders in children's and youth work.
The Pentecostal Leadership Council is a coordinating body. Its most important task is planning, conducting and following up the Pentecostal Preachers' Conference. It also processes referrals from public authorities, cross-Christian organizations and others. The leadership council strengthens the relationship between Pentecostal churches and takes initiatives to make the movement visible in Norway. Sigmund Terje Kristoffersen is the leader of the management council, elected in 2011.
Radio and TV
IBRA Radio was established in 1955. The name was later changed to IBRA Media due to its expansion into TV broadcasts and the Internet. IBRA Media is one of the largest TV and radio stations in the world and is owned by the Nordic Pentecostal churches. Its purpose is to preach the gospel to unreached people groups. IBRA broadcasts radio and TV to 110 countries in 82 different languages. It is estimated that 100 million TV and radio viewers can receive broadcasts. Every day, IBRA receives thousands of listener and viewer responses to its programs. Each year, more than 250,000 people announce that they have received salvation as a direct result of listening to the programs. The IBRA is neutral politically and does not criticize other religions or religious communities.
Many Norwegian Pentecostal churches produce radio programs and many broadcast local radio in their regions. Starting in 1983, several congregations established local radio stations. Several of the Pentecostal local radio stations are among the oldest in Norway and were started just after the authorities ended the state broadcast monopoly in 1981.
Some larger congregations are engaged in television production. In 1990 Filadelfia Oslo launched a local television station in Oslo called Filadelfia TV. Today the company has been transferred to TV Inter AS, which produces Christian television programs. Egil Svartdahl's program Søndagsåpent signed its first major contract with TV2 in 1993.
Publications
Barratt started the magazine Byposten as early as 1904, while serving as a pastor in the Methodist Church. The magazine changed its name in 1910 to Korsets Seier (The Victory of the Cross). Over time, the format and page numbers have changed and the magazine has taken on a more newspaper-like format. From the beginning, Korsets Seier has been the movement's mouthpiece. In 2019, it was purchased by the Christian newspaper Dagen; it is now distributed as a supplement.
Other publications included Lederskap, Livsglede, Evangeliet til alle (missions newsletter), Lys i Øst (about mission work in Eurasia), Sjibbolet (about the work of Norwegian Pentecostals in Israel), Nytt håp (about mission work in Mozambique), and Gode nyheter (about children's aid).
Schools
The Pentecostal movement in Norway has several schools.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michy_Batshuayi"}
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Belgian association football player
Michy Batshuayi-Atunga (born 2 October 1993) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Süper Lig club Fenerbahçe and the Belgium national team.
Batshuayi began his professional career at Standard Liège in 2011, scoring 44 goals in 120 games across all competitions. His 21 goals in the 2013–14 Belgian Pro League made him the second-highest scorer and contributed to his Ebony Shoe Award. He then transferred to Marseille for £4.5 million, helping them reach the 2016 Coupe de France Final. In July 2016, he was signed by Chelsea for £33 million, and scored the goal that won the Premier League title in his debut season. After loans at Borussia Dortmund, Valencia, Crystal Palace and Beşiktaş, he joined Fenerbahçe in 2022.
Batshuayi scored in his international debut for Belgium against Cyprus in March 2015. He was part of their side that finished in third place at the 2018 FIFA World Cup, also playing at the 2022 World Cup and the UEFA European Championships of 2016 and 2020.
Club career
Standard Liège
Born in Brussels to Congolese parents, Batshuayi had a nomadic youth career with spells at Evere, Schaarbeek, Brussels (twice) and Anderlecht before he joined Standard Liège.
Batshuayi made his debut for the senior team on 20 February 2011 in a 4–1 loss away to Gent, replacing Franck Berrier for the last seven minutes. Six days later, he made his only other appearance of the Belgian Pro League season, filling in for Aloys Nong in the last minute of a 3–0 victory against KV Mechelen at the Stade Maurice Dufrasne.
On 21 July, Batshuayi was an unused substitute in the 2011 Belgian Super Cup, a 1–0 loss to Gent. On 15 December, he scored his first professional goal, the only one away to Copenhagen in the last match of Group B during the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League group stage, advancing his team into the knockout stages. Six days later, he added two more in a 2–1 win at Lierse in the quarter-final first leg of the Belgian Cup, although his side lost 5–4 on aggregate. He scored his first league goal on 14 January 2012 to round off a 6–1 home win over Germinal Beerschot, and ended the campaign with six. He was sent-off as a substitute in a 3–2 loss at Genk on 22 April for stamping on the chest of Jeroen Simaeys, for which the Royal Belgian Football Association suspended him for four matches.
Batshuayi was again sent-off on 25 September 2012 in a 3–2 win at Mouscron in the sixth round of the Belgian Cup, having elbowed Benjamin Delacourt within the first half-hour; he was suspended for the next two matches of the competition and fined €200. In an interview a month later, he said he felt "destroyed" by the suspension. He recorded 12 goals in 26 matches over the campaign, including two on 19 May 2013 to decide a 4–3 home win over Lokeren.
In the 2013–14 season, Batshuayi scored 21 goals in 34 matches, putting him in second place for the league's top scorer behind Lokeren's Hamdi Harbaoui. This tally included a first professional hat-trick on 15 September in a 4–2 win at Oostende. He was awarded the Ebony Shoe Award for the season's best player of African origin, ahead of Harbaoui.
Marseille
On 8 August 2014, Batshuayi signed with French club Marseille for a £4.5 million transfer fee. He made his debut the next day as Marseille began the Ligue 1 season with a 3–3 draw at Bastia, replacing Dimitri Payet with 11 minutes remaining. On 29 October, he scored his first goal for the club to open a 2–1 defeat at Rennes in the third round of the Coupe de la Ligue. He scored nine league goals for Marcelo Bielsa's team, despite rarely starting matches. On 22 February 2015, within five minutes of coming on for André-Pierre Gignac, he scored twice away to Saint-Étienne in an eventual 2–2 draw. In March, he added further braces in away victories at Toulouse and Lens (6–1 and 4–0 respectively), the latter after taking Gignac's place at half-time.
On 23 August 2015, Batshuayi scored his first goals of the season, a brace, in a 6–0 victory over Troyes. Soon after, club president Vincent Lebrune said, "There is not a single top 15 world club that is not interested in Batshuayi. He is one of the most wanted players on the market. There were a lot of offers for him this summer, but he didn't want to leave. He's proving himself on the pitch, and if clubs want him then they are going to have to pay around €50m." By the mid-season break, he had 11 goals from 19 matches, behind only arch-rival Paris Saint-Germain's Zlatan Ibrahimović, with Marseille in tenth in the league table and PSG in first. Batshuayi finished the league season with 17 goals. He added two more goals from five games in the Coupe de France, one being in the final, where Marseille lost 4–2 to PSG on 21 May 2016.
Chelsea
2016–17 season
In April 2016, English Premier League club West Ham United were reported as the favourites to sign Batshuayi, having offered a €35 million bid. Two months later, their London neighbours Crystal Palace made a €38 million (£31.5 million) bid which would have made him their record signing, while Italian champions Juventus were also among the interested parties. Although Palace's bid was accepted, Batshuayi did not want to make the move, instead engaging with a €40 million (£33.2 million) offer from Chelsea, for which he left Belgium's UEFA Euro 2016 squad to undergo a medical. On 3 July, he signed a five-year deal at Chelsea. He was the first signing by their new manager Antonio Conte, and said his aim was to get the team back to winning the Premier League and qualifying for the UEFA Champions League. Batshuayi added he was eager to work alongside their midfielder Oscar. Batshuayi joined Chelsea for pre-season in Austria, and on 20 July, he made his debut in a friendly against Wolfsberger AC. A day later, he scored his first two goals in an 8–0 friendly victory against Atus Ferlach.
On 15 August, Batshuayi made his competitive debut in Chelsea's opening match of the 2016–17 season, coming off the substitutes' bench to set-up Diego Costa's late winner in a 2–1 win over West Ham. Five days later, after replacing Oscar, he went on to score his first Premier League goal in a victory by the same score at Watford. On 23 August, Batshuayi made his first start for Chelsea in the EFL Cup, scoring a brace in a 3–2 home victory against Bristol Rovers.
On 12 May, Batshuayi came on as a second-half substitute against West Bromwich Albion with the score 0–0, with Chelsea needing a victory to clinch the Premier League title. In the 82nd minute, he slotted a goal past goalkeeper Ben Foster to win Chelsea their fifth Premier League title. Batshuayi went on to score three goals in Chelsea's final two matches, including the last goal of the season in the 92nd minute of Chelsea's 5–1 win over Sunderland at Stamford Bridge. Batshuayi finished the season with 5 goals in only 236 minutes of Premier League action, equaling a rate of one goal every 47 minutes.
2017–18 season
Batshuayi scored his first Chelsea hat-trick on 20 September 2017 in a 5–1 home win over Nottingham Forest in the third round of the EFL Cup. In a Champions League group stage match away to Atlético Madrid a week later, substitute Batshuayi scored the added-time winning goal in a 2–1 victory. On 17 January 2018, he scored in a third-round FA Cup win over Norwich City on his 50th appearance for Chelsea. The match finished 1–1 after extra time, with the Blues going on to win 5–3 on penalties.
Loan to Borussia Dortmund
On 31 January 2018, Batshuayi joined German Bundesliga club Borussia Dortmund on loan for the remainder of the 2017–18 season. His debut came on 2 February away to 1. FC Köln, where he scored twice and had a third disallowed via the video assistant referee, as he was in an offside position. He also made an assist. The match ended 3–2 to Dortmund as an away victory. Batshuayi became the first player to score multiple goals on his Bundesliga debut since the player he replaced at Dortmund, Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang. The following week, on matchday 22, he again scored the opening goal against Hamburger SV as Dortmund won 2–0. On 15 February, he scored twice against Atalanta in the round of 32 first leg of the UEFA Europa League as Dortmund won 3–2 and took the lead going into the second leg. Dortmund's draw in Italy meant the club progressed to the round of 16, although Batshuayi reported hearing "monkey noises" during the match. In March, UEFA's investigation led to both teams being fined for use of pyrotechnics and other crowd disturbances, but Batshuayi's allegations of racism were dismissed. He criticised European football's governing body for their judgement. In a 2–0 loss to Schalke 04 on 15 April, Batshuayi injured his ankle ligaments and was ruled out for the remainder of the season.
Loan to Valencia
On 10 August 2018, Batshuayi was loaned to Spanish La Liga club Valencia for the 2018–19 season. Ten days later, he made his Liga debut as a 76th-minute substitute for Carlos Soler in a 1–1 home draw with Atlético Madrid, then continued that role in subsequent matches in a side possessing Rodrigo, Santi Mina and Kevin Gameiro as striking options. On 26 September, he scored his first goal in a 1–1 draw with Celta de Vigo, therefore becoming the first player to score in the top leagues of France, Germany, England and Spain in the 21st century.
Loans to Crystal Palace
In January 2019, Batshuayi's loan to Valencia was cut short and he joined English Premier League club Crystal Palace on loan until the end of the 2018–19 season. He made his debut on 2 February in a home 2–0 win against Fulham, providing an assist for Jeffrey Schlupp to score the second goal. On 23 February, Batshuayi scored for Crystal Palace in 4–1 win against Leicester City.
On 23 October 2019, Batshuayi came off the bench to score a late 1–0 winner for Chelsea, in their first Champions League meeting with Ajax at Johan Cruyff Arena. He scored the opener in a 2–1 win over Hull City in the fourth round of the FA Cup at KCOM Stadium on 25 January.
On 10 September 2020, Batshuayi returned to Crystal Palace for his second loan until the end of the 2020–21 season. On 18 October in the game against Brighton & Hove Albion, he won a penalty which was converted by Wilfried Zaha in the 1–1 draw against their rivals.
Loan to Beşiktas
On 18 August 2021, Batshuayi extended his contract at Chelsea until 2023 and joined Beşiktaş on loan for the 2021–22 season. He was the Süper Lig's joint-seventh top scorer with 14 goals in 33 games, and won the Turkish Super Cup on 5 January 2022 by scoring in the penalty shootout after the 1–1 draw with Antalyaspor at the Ahmad bin Ali Stadium in Qatar.
Fenerbahçe
On 2 September 2022, Batshuayi remained in Istanbul by signing a two-year contract with the option for a third at Fenerbahçe. The transfer fee was reportedly €3 million; he was previously being pursued by newly promoted Premier League club Nottingham Forest, who offered to pay the final year of his Chelsea salary and take him on a free transfer.
On 30 October 2022, Batshuayi scored his first hat-trick in a 5–2 win at İstanbulspor, also providing an assist.
International career
Batshuayi was eligible to play for the DR Congo national team through his parents, but in March 2015, he ruled out this option, stating that although his Congolese heritage is important to him, he would rather represent Belgium.
Batshuayi made his international debut for Belgium on 28 March 2015 in a UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying match against Cyprus. Replacing Christian Benteke in the 77th minute, he scored from outside the penalty area three minutes later to seal a 5–0 victory at home. He was selected for the final tournament in France, making his competition debut in the last 16 against Hungary in Toulouse on 26 June. With his first touch, he finished Eden Hazard's assist for the second goal of a 4–0 victory.
In Belgium's 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification, Batshuayi scored once in a 4–3 win away to Bosnia and Herzegovina on 7 October 2017, with the Red Devils already assured of their place in the final tournament. Manager Roberto Martínez named him in the 23-man squad to go to Russia. In their second group stage match, he came on as a 68th-minute substitute against Tunisia and missed several chances before finally scoring the fifth goal for Belgium in a 5–2 victory.
Despite a difficult club season, on 17 May 2021, Batshuayi was included in the final 26-man squad for the re-arranged UEFA Euro 2020. He was also called up for the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar, scoring the only goal of the team's opener on 23 November against Canada; Belgium scored no further goals in a group stage elimination.
Style of play
A December 2015 profiling by FourFourTwo likened Batshuayi for his speed, strength, positioning and link-up play to Didier Drogba, despite being shorter than the Ivorian.
Personal life
Batshuayi is nicknamed "Batsman" a play on the name of the superhero Batman. His younger brother Aaron Leya Iseka plays for Barnsley in the same position, coming through at Anderlecht and signing for Marseille on loan, one month after Batshuayi's exit.
Career statistics
Club
As of match played 2 February 2023
International
As of match played 27 November 2022
Scores and results show Belgium's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Batshuayi goal.
Honours
Marseille
Chelsea
Valencia
Beşiktaş
Belgium
Individual
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Japanese politician
Akio Sato (佐藤 昭郎, Satō Akio, born February 10, 1943) is a Japanese politician. He served two terms in the House of Councillors in the Diet (national legislature) from 1998 until 2010 as a member of the Liberal Democratic Party. A native of Hiroshima Prefecture and graduate of the University of Tokyo, he worked at the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries from 1966 to 1996.
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Julin is a Nordic surname that may refer to:
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WOCA"}
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Radio station in Ocala, Florida
WOCA (1370 AM) is a commercial radio station in Ocala, Florida, broadcasting to the Ocala area. WOCA broadcasts a variety of syndicated and conservative-leaning programs, including The Glenn Beck Program and The Clark Howard Show each weekday, and Fox Sports Radio on weekends. The station also produces shows for a number of local commentators. WOCA signed on on November 19, 1957, as WHYS. In 1959, the call letters were changed to WKOS. In 1965, the station adopted a Top 40 format as WWKE. The station then switched to the current calls, WOCA in 1983.
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The 1984 All-Ireland Junior Hurling Championship was the 54th staging of the All-Ireland Junior Championship since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1912.
Kerry entered the championship as the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Cork in the Munster final.
The All-Ireland final was played on 9 September 1984 at the Roger Casement Park in Coventry, between Cork and Warwickshire, in what was their third ever meeting in the final and a first in 29 years. Cork won the match by 3–20 to 0–07 to claim their sixth championship title overall and a first tile in 12 years.
Results
All-Ireland Junior Football Championship
All-Ireland semi-finals
Wexford v Cavan
Galway v Cork
All-Ireland home final
Cork v Wexford
All-Ireland final
Warwickshire v Cork
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBytni_M%C5%82yn"}
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Settlement in Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland
Żytni Młyn [ˈʐɨtni ˈmwɨn] (German: Heideschäfer) is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Brody, within Żary County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland, close to the German border.
The settlement has a population of 7.
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4ed57e0d-ff70-4b97-a17f-a457f63aa01a
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Sweden_women_Twenty20_International_cricketers"}
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This is a list of Sweden women Twenty20 International cricketers. A Women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) is an international cricket match between two representative teams. A T20I is played under the rules of Twenty20 cricket. In April 2018, the International Cricket Council (ICC) granted full international status to Twenty20 women's matches played between member sides from 1 July 2018 onwards. Sweden women played their first WT20I on 29 August 2021 against Norway.
The list is arranged in the order in which each player won her first Twenty20 cap. Where more than one player won her first Twenty20 cap in the same match, those players are listed alphabetically by surname.
Key
Players
Statistics are correct as of 14 November 2022.
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faa1aa11-8b76-4289-8427-1a3ec1c1b50e
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This is a list of superhero films produced by American film studios by year.
DC and Marvel
Independents
Character based
Live-action
Live-action feature films
Upcoming
Movie serials
Animated
Upcoming
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7aa6c477-60c1-4fce-b29e-95c83f3c51b4
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Dgebuadze (Georgian: დგებუაძე) was a Georgian noble family from the province of Mingrelia. In the 19th century, they served to the Dadiani princes of Mingrelia as governors (mouravi) of the canton of Salipartiano. According to the historian Cyril Toumanoff, they were accepted among the princely nobility of the Russian Empire in 1903.
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Oxeye may refer to:
Plants
A number of genera in the family Asteraceae:
Oxeyes (or ox-eyes)
Creeping oxeyes
Oxeye daisies
Marine fish
Other
Topics referred to by the same term
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414467a2-770f-4d43-9ff5-1ffefee6ae21
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_Global_Tic_Severity_Scale"}
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Psychological measurement
The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) is a psychological measure designed to assess the severity and frequency of symptoms of disorders such as tic disorder, Tourette syndrome, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, in children and adolescents between ages 6 and 17.
The questionnaire is divided into three parts over the span of 17 pages: one section identifies symptoms of motor and phonic tics, severity, and age of onset. Another section concerns OCD symptoms, severity, and age of onset, and the last section concerns environmental effects on symptoms. The YGTSS is completed by the parent and takes approximately 15–20 minutes. The questionnaire has shown good reliability and validity in assessing tic severity in recent studies.
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Mexican footballer
Martín Barragán Negrete (born 14 July 1991), also known as Poteyo, is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a forward for Liga MX club Puebla.
International career
Barragán was named in Mexico's senior squad for 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifiers against El Salvador and Honduras in September 2016. He was included in the final 23-man roster for the 2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup.
Career statistics
International
As of match played 17 July 2017
Honours
Necaxa
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c5ef1022-4481-4bf4-b444-b56fc034a7d7
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximus_Air"}
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UAE based cargo airline
Maximus Air, an Abu Dhabi Aviation Group company was established in 2005 to move outsized cargo. After operating for 5 years in the region, it is now a regional air cargo carrier and cargo aircraft wet-lease operator (ACMI), employing more than 200 staff. It operates a fleet of eight all-cargo Antonov An-124-100, Ilyushin IL-76TD and Airbus A300-600RP2F aircraft across the Middle East, Europe, Africa and Asia.
Maximus formerly ran regular scheduled cargo services on behalf of Etihad Cargo and is the appointed exclusive air relief support partner of the UAE Red Crescent.[citation needed]
History
The airline was established in 2005 and has 245+ employees (at January 2012).[citation needed]
Expansion
The conversion of a new Airbus A300-600 regional freighter, purchased by Maximus Air at the start of 2011, and part of a Dhs350m expansion programme, is on schedule for its mid-summer entry into the company's fleet. The aircraft, offering a maximum structural payload up to 46 tonnes of payload capacity, is one of three purchased from Japan Airlines (JAL) and has been at the Dresden, Germany plant of EADS EFW.[citation needed]
Fleet
The Maximus Air fleet consists of the following aircraft
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School district in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States
The Mullica Township Schools is a community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through eighth grade from Mullica Township, in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States.
As of the 2020–21 school year, the district, comprised of two schools, had an enrollment of 652 students and 56.7 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.5:1.
The Mullica Township Board of Education voted in November 2009 to close the Hilda E. Frame School, which had served pre-kindergarten students. The reasons cited included declining enrollment which allowed the students which were at Frame to attend the regular elementary school facility.
Starting in the 2007-08 school year, as part of an agreement with the Washington Township School District, Green Bank Elementary School received additional teaching support from the Mullica district and shares its superintendent and business administrator. Starting in the 2010-11 school year, Washington Township students in grades six through eight started attending Mullica Township Middle School. With the start of the 2016-17 school year, the Washington Township School District no longer operates and all students from Washington Township attend the Mullica Township Schools as part of a full sending/receiving relationship.
The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "B", the second-lowest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.
Students in ninth through twelfth grades attend Cedar Creek High School, which is located in the northern section of Egg Harbor City and opened to students in September 2010. The school is one of three high schools operated as part of the Greater Egg Harbor Regional High School District, which is comprised of the constituent municipalities of Egg Harbor City, Galloway Township and Hamilton Township, and participates in sending/receiving relationships with Port Republic and Washington Township (Burlington County). Cedar Creek High School is zoned to serve students from Egg Harbor City, Mullica Township, Port Republic and Washington Township, while students in portions of Galloway and Hamilton townships have the opportunity to attend Cedar Creek through the school of choice program or through attendance in magnet programs offered at Cedar Creek. As of the 2020–21 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 935 students and 74.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.5:1.
Schools
Schools in the district (with 2020–21 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics.) are:
Elementary school
Middle school
Administration
Core members of the district's administration are:
Board of education
The district's board of education, comprised of nine members, sets policy and oversees the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its administration. As a Type II school district, the board's trustees are elected directly by voters to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with three seats up for election each year held (since 2012) as part of the November general election. The board appoints a superintendent to oversee the district's day-to-day operations and a business administrator to supervise the business functions of the district.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_diamondback_rattlesnake"}
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Species of snake
The western diamondback rattlesnake or Texas diamond-back (Crotalus atrox) is a rattlesnake species and member of the viper family, found in the southwestern United States and Mexico. Like all other rattlesnakes and all other vipers, it is venomous. It is likely responsible for the majority of snakebite fatalities in northern Mexico and the greatest number of snakebites in the U.S. No subspecies are currently recognized.
It lives in elevations from below sea level up to 6,500 feet (2,000 m). This species ranges throughout the Southwestern United States and northern half of Mexico. Currently, western diamondback rattlesnakes are not threatened or endangered.
Common names
Other common names for this species include western diamond-backed rattlesnake, adobe snake, Arizona diamond rattlesnake, coon tail, desert diamond-back, desert diamond rattlesnake, fierce rattlesnake, spitting rattlesnake, buzz tail, Texan rattlesnake, Texas diamond-back, and Texas rattler.
Description
Adults commonly grow to 120 cm (4 ft) in length. Specimens over 150 cm (5 ft) are infrequently encountered, while those over 180 cm (6 ft) are very rare, and the largest reported length considered to be reliable is 213 cm (7 ft). Males become much larger than females, although this difference in size does not occur until after they have reached sexual maturity. Rattlesnakes of this species considered medium-sized weigh up to 1.23 to 2.7 kg (3 to 6 lb), while very large specimens can reportedly weigh up to 6.7 kg (15 lb). Overall, it is probably the second largest-bodied species of rattlesnake, behind only its close cousin the eastern diamondback rattlesnake, and is also the second largest of North American venomous snakes (the bushmasters, which attain probably similar weights and greater total length, occur up as far as Nicaragua).
The color pattern generally consists of a dusty-looking gray-brown ground color, but it may also be pinkish-brown, brick red, yellowish, pinkish, or chalky white. This ground color is overlaid dorsally with a series of 23-45 (mean, 36) dorsal body blotches that are dark gray-brown to brown in color. The first of these may be a pair of short stripes that extend backwards to eventually merge. Some of the first few blotches may be somewhat rectangular, but then become more hexagonal and eventually take on a distinctive diamond shape, hence the name "diamondback rattlesnake". The tail has two to eight (usually four to six) black bands separated by ash white or pale gray interspaces; this led to the nickname of "coon tail", though other species (e.g., Mojave rattlesnake) have similarly banded tails. Its postocular stripe is smoky gray or dark gray-brown and extends diagonally from the lower edge of the eye across the side of the head. This stripe is usually bordered below by a white stripe running from the upper preocular scale down to the supralabial scales just below and behind the eye. Its off-white belly is usually unmarked, its anal scale is undivided, and its dorsal scales are extremely keeled, often in rows of 25 to 27 near the midbody.[citation needed]
The wide range of this species overlaps, or is close to, that of many others. It may be confused with them, but differences exist. The Mojave rattlesnake (C. scutulatus), also has tail rings, but the black rings are narrow relative to the pale ones. The timber rattlesnake (C. horridus), has no tail rings. In the western rattlesnake (C. oreganus), the pale tail rings are the same color as the ground. The tail of the black-tailed rattlesnake (C. molossus), is a uniform black, or has indistinct tail rings. The Mexican west coast rattlesnake (C. basiliscus), also has a mostly dark tail with obscure or absent rings. The tiger rattlesnake, (C. tigris), has a relatively small head and large rattle along with a dorsal pattern consisting more of crossbands. The Middle American rattlesnake (C. simus), has a generally uniform gray tail without any rings, as well as a pair of distinctive paravertebral stripes running down the neck. Members of the genus Sistrurus lack tail rings and have enlarged head plates.
Distribution
Geographic range
It is found in the United States from central Arkansas to southeastern and Central California, south into Mexico as far as northern Sinaloa, Hidalgo and northern Veracruz. Disjunct populations exist in southern Veracruz and southeastern Oaxaca. The type locality given is "Indianola" (Indianola, Calhoun County, Texas).
In the United States, it occurs in central and western Arkansas, Oklahoma excluding the northeast, north-central region and the panhandle, Texas excluding the northern panhandle and the east, southern and central New Mexico and Arizona, extreme southern Nevada, southwestern Utah, and in southeastern California on either side of the Chocolate Mountains. Records from extreme southern Kansas (Cowley and Sumner Counties) may be based on a natural occurrence of the species, while multiple records from near Kanopolis Reservoir in Ellsworth County seem to indicate a viable (although isolated) population.
In Mexico, it occurs in Nuevo León, Coahuila, Chihuahua, Sonora, extreme northeastern Baja California, northern Sinaloa, northeastern Durango, Zacatecas, most of San Luis Potosí, northern Veracruz, Hidalgo, and Querétaro. Specimens have been collected in the mountains northwest of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, on numerous occasions, but have not been reported there since the 1940s.
This species has also been reported on a number of islands in the Gulf of California, including San Pedro Mártir, Santa María (Sinaloa), Tíburon and the Turner Islands.The Tortuga Island diamond rattlesnake is also a subspecies.
Habitat
Its habitats range from flat coastal plains to steep rocky canyons and hillsides; it is associated with many different vegetation types, including desert, sandy creosote areas, mesquite grassland, desert scrub, and pine-oak forests. It is common to see the western diamondback on rural blacktop roads in early evening, because of the heat retention of these surfaces, as ambient temperatures drops.
Behavior
C. atrox is solitary except during the mating season. Usually inactive between late October and early March, these ectotherms occasionally may be seen basking in the sun on warm winter days. In the winter, they hibernate or brumate in caves or burrows, sometimes with many other species of snakes. Life expectancy is more than 20 years.[citation needed]
They are poor climbers. Natural predators include raptors such as hawks and eagles, roadrunners, wild hogs, and other snakes. When threatened, they usually coil and rattle to warn aggressors. They are one of the more aggressive rattlesnake species in the US in the way that they stand their ground when confronted by a foe. If rattling does not work, then the snake will strike in defense.
Prey
A comprehensive study by Beavers (1976) on the prey of C. atrox in Texas showed, by weight, 94.8% of their prey consisted of small mammals. According to Pisani and Stephenson (1991), who conducted a study of the stomach contents of C. atrox in the fall and spring of Oklahoma, mammalian prey included prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus), kangaroo rats (Dipodomys ordii), pocket gophers (Geomys bursarius and Cratogeomys castanops), voles (Microtus ochrogaster), woodrats (Neotoma floridana), pocket mice (Perognathus hispidus and P. flavescens), white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus and P. maniculatus), Old World rats and mice (Rattus norvegicus and Mus ssp.), harvest mice (Reithrodontomys megalotis), fox squirrels (Sciurus niger), cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus), ground squirrels (Spermophilus spilosoma), rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus), jackrabbits (Lepus californicus), and an unidentified mole species. Klauber mentioned large specimens are capable of swallowing adult cottontail rabbits and even adult jackrabbits, although he figured the latter required confirmation.
Birds, lizards, amphibians, fish, invertebrates, and mice are also preyed upon, with lizards mostly being eaten by young snakes. Avian prey include mockingbirds (Mimidae), quail, a nearly full-grown Gambel's quail, a burrowing owl (Athene cunicularia), a fledgling horned lark (Eremophila alpestris) a black-throated sparrow (Amphispiza bilineata), and an eastern meadowlark (Sturnella magna). Lizard prey include a whiptail lizard (Cnemidophorus), spiny lizards (Sceloporus), a Texas banded gecko (Coleonyx brevis), and a side-blotched lizard (Uta palmeri). One case reported by Vorhies (1948) involved a juvenile specimen that had attempted to eat a horned lizard (Phrynosoma solare), but died after the lizard's horns had punctured its esophagus, leaving the lizard stuck there.
Hermann (1950) reported C. atrox also feeds on lubber grasshoppers (Brachystola magna). Klauber (1972) once found a single specimen in which the stomach contents included grasshoppers, beetles, and ants. However, mammal hairs and an iguanid lizard were also found in the same stomach, which made it more likely that the insects had first been eaten by the mammal or the lizard before they had been eaten by the snake.
They hunt (or ambush prey) at night or in the early morning.
These snakes can go for up to two years without food in the wild. A 5+1⁄2-month starvation study showed the snakes reduced energy expenditures by an average of 80% over the length of the study. The snakes also feed from within on energy-rich lipid stores. The most interesting finding was the snakes grew during the study, indicating while the snake's mass was shrinking, it was putting its resources into skeletal muscles and bone.
A key participant in the food chain, it is an important predator of many small rodents, rabbits, and birds. In turn, it is preyed upon by a variety of larger mammals and birds, such as coyotes, foxes, hawks, and owls. Crotalus atrox can be active at any time of the day or night when conditions are favorable. It is primarily diurnal and crepuscular in spring and fall and becomes primarily nocturnal and crepuscular during the hot summer months.
They are one of the few species of snakes that engage in scavenging behavior.
Venom
Like most other American pit vipers, the venom contains proteolytic enzymes. Proteolytic venoms are concentrated secretions that destroy structural tissues and proteins via catabolism, which help in disabling prey. The venom of C. atrox is primarily hemotoxic, affecting mainly the blood vessels, blood cells and the heart. The venom contains hemorrhagic components called zinc metalloproteinases. The venom also contains cytotoxins and myotoxins which destroy cells and muscles, adding to the damage to the cardiovascular system. In addition to hemorrhage, venom metalloproteinases induce myonecrosis (skeletal muscle damage), which seems to be secondary to the ischemia that ensues in muscle tissue as a consequence of bleeding and reduced perfusion. Microvascular disruption by metalloproteinases also impairs skeletal muscle regeneration, being thereby responsible for fibrosis and permanent tissue loss. General local effects include pain, heavy internal bleeding, severe swelling, severe muscle damage, bruising, blistering, and necrosis; systemic effects are variable and not specific, but may include headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, and convulsions. Bleeding caused by hemorrhagins is a major clinical effect that can be fatal.
This species has LD50 values of 2.72 mg/kg intravenous, 20 mg/kg intramuscular and 18.5 mg/kg subcutaneous, which is far less toxic than many other rattlesnakes. However, because of its large venom glands and specialized fangs, the western diamondback rattlesnake can deliver a large amount of venom in a single bite. The average venom yield per bite is usually between 250 and 350 mg, with a maximum of 700–800 mg. Severe envenomation is rare but possible, and can be lethal. Mortality rate of untreated bites is between 10 and 20%.
Reproduction
Rattlesnakes, including C. atrox, are viviparous. Gestation lasts six or seven months, and broods average about a dozen young. However, the young stay with the mother for only a few hours before they set off on their own to hunt and find cover, so that the mortality rate is very high. Mating occurs in the fall, and the females give birth to as many as 25 young, which may be as long as 30 cm (12 in). The young are fully capable of delivering a venomous bite from the moment they are born.
Conservation status
This species is classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List (v3.1, 2001). Species are listed as such due to their wide distribution or presumed large population, or because they are unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. The population trend was stable when assessed in 2007.
They are also heavily collected from the wild, frequently being drawn out of their hiding places with gasoline and used in rattlesnake roundups, where they are killed for food, skins and entertainment.
This Western diamondback rattlesnake may be the most common rattlesnake species found in homes and in direct conflict with human development in the American Southwest, in particularly in the rapidly expanding metro areas of Phoenix and Tucson. Relocation of animals is seen as a sometimes controversial management solution.
Gallery
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vantawng_Falls"}
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Waterfall in Mizoram, India
The Vantawng Khawhthla is located 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south of Thenzawl in Serchhip district in the Indian state of Mizoram. It is one of the highest waterfall in Mizoram. It is about 92 kilometres (57 mi) away from Aizawl.
The falls
Vantawng Khawhthla or Vantawng Falls is the highest and most spectacular of the waterfalls and cascades in the fast flowing rivers of Mizoram. It is located in Vanva river near Thenzawl and is named after Vantawnga, who was said to be an excellent swimmer. So good a swimmer was Vantawnga that he could hover in the cascading water like a fish, but unfortunately, during one of such performances, a drifting log fell from above and killed him.
The height of the fall is recorded as 324 feet (99 m). Though it is difficult to get close to it because of the sheer forested hillsides surrounding it, a viewing tower has been constructed.
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United States historic place
Logan School House is a historic one-room school building located at Kitts Hummock, Kent County, Delaware. It was built about 1868, and is a one-story, gable roofed frame structure with grey simulated brick composition siding. The interior has a plastered barrel vault ceiling. The school served the educational requirements of the agricultural community of lower St. Jones Neck School District. Sometime after 1920 the building ceased to function as a school and it was converted into a private dwelling.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4Kings"}
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British esport clan
4Kings or Four Kings is a professional esports organization once based in the United Kingdom and currently operating in the United States. The team had players competing in Return to Castle Wolfenstein, Enemy Territory: Quake Wars, Quake III, Warcraft III, Unreal Tournament, Counter-Strike, Team Fortress 2 and Shootmania. One of the most famous members of 4Kings is Warcraft III player Grubby. Philip Wride was a manager of the team as well as Jason Potter being general manager.
History
4Kings was formed as Quake 1 clan playing in the Quake World client.
Under the management of Zommy the clan grew expanding into new games such as Quake III, Warcraft III, Return to Castle Wolfenstein and Counter-Strike be one of the most recognised esports teams in the world at the time. They retired the team in 2013 until the new owner purchased the team in 2022. The team is currently in the process of building a becoming what it used to be. The new owners is Tyler “4K Kraazy” Knoll and Marc "4K Mediic" Daniel II.
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Day of the year
August 22 is the 234th day of the year (235th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 131 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
Pre-1600
1601–1900
1901–present
Births
Pre-1600
1601–1900
1901–present
Deaths
Pre-1600
1601–1900
1901–present
Holidays and observances
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Rugby player
Koli Sewabu (born 15 January 1975 in Nausori) is a Fijian rugby union footballer. He plays as a Flanker or a No. 8.
Career
Sewabu started in his early playing days of secondary school rugby at first-five, wing and fullback. He later switched to flanker/No. 8 when he left school, a move welcomed by his former mentor Buck Shelford due to his tackling ferocity and clinical play. He played for Rewa Colts, Tailevu Development XV, Malolo in the Fiji B Division Comp before he pursued a Diploma in Tourism Studies in Auckland, NZ in 1997. In between his visits to Fiji, he played for Naitasiri in the Digicel Cup. In 1998, he was selected into the Fiji team tour of UK under coach Brad Johnsstone where he played matches for the Fiji team against European clubs like Leeds Tykes and Leicester Tigers. He earned his first cap in May 1999 against Canada in the Epson Cup. He made the Fiji team to the 1999 Rugby World Cup. He played in all four of Fiji’s RWC99 games. He set up the match-winning try to Marika Vunibaka against Canada. He played for North Shore under then coach, Buck Shelford. He attained a business degree while staying at Massey University. He left for France in 2000 and joined French Top 14 side, Bordeaux Bègles. He even played at centre for the club. He was also part of the 2003 Fiji rugby union tours.
He signed or European giants, Gloucester in 2001. In 2003, he joined Japanese side, Yamaha Jubilo. He returned to NZ and joined NPC side, Manawatu Turbos. He ended his rugby career in 2008. While at Gloucester he was a replacement in the 2002 Zurich Championship Final (the year before winning the play-offs constituted winning the English title) in which Gloucester defeated Bristol Rugby.
After Retirement
He coached Feilding Rugby Club for 2 seasons and Freyberg Rugby for a season. He assisted Kia Toa RFC after Freyberg and helped them win the Hankins Shield. He pursued his degree at Massey, majoring in Sport and Exercise Science. He also helped coach Manawatu U18s and U20s. He started his sports management and coaching consultancy business called Vunilagi Pasifika Ltd. and has been involved as a technical adviser to a number of teams around the globe. Currently, he assists the Massey University Rugby CLub as a technical advisor. His personal goal is to go back to Fiji and coach the national team at and 2019 Rugby World Cup. He has transitioned well from professional rugby, with investment properties and business initiatives. Sewabu has an interest in using sports, rugby in particular as a tool for socio-economic development, and has been involved in a number of projects and research in the area of financial literacy and socio-economic development.
He graduated with an Executive Masters in Business Administration at Massey University in 2013 and he is also trying to help Fijian and Pacific rugby players manage their finances.
Fiji team
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_Raiders"}
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1995 video game
Zone Raiders is a futuristic vehicular combat video game for DOS and Macintosh focused around hovercars. Developed by Image Space Incorporated and published by Virgin Interactive, it was released in North America in 1995. The music in the game was created by the band CONTAGIAN, of which some of the Virgin Studios Audio Department were members.
Production
Zone Raiders was developed by Image Space Incorporated and published by Virgin Interactive. It was released in late 1995 on a CD-ROM format.
Digital re-release
The game was re-released digitally as a DRM-Free exclusive on ZOOM-Platform.com through a partnership between Image Space Incorporated and the Jordan Freeman Group.
Reception
A reviewer for Next Generation applauded the game as "that rarest of animals – a first-person racer that truly conveys a sense of speed." He also praised the variety of weapons, innovative power-ups, secret passageways to discover, and four-player networked play. He scored it four out of five stars. The game received a positive review from Computer Game Review, netting a "Golden Triad" score. The magazine called it "one of the best arcade style shoot 'em ups in years." A reviewer for Joystick described the game as having "borrowed its 'straight to the point' aspect" from Terminal Velocity and noted that the quality of the graphics worsened in later levels when extra details appear on the screen.
The game was listed as a "ZOOM DRM-Free Exclusive" among the Bestsellers. Computer Gaming World's Martin E. Circulis gave Zone Raiders three stars out of five, describing the graphics as "a competent, if somewhat uninspired design" and that "the missions are fairly interesting, but most will find too few for their game-dollar." Scott Wolf of PC Gamer called it "a high-tech post-apocalyptic road trip that goes right for the jugular with its mix of driving challenge and shoot-'em-up fun."
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House of Yang may refer to:
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrienne_von_Tunzelmann"}
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Adrienne Fay von Tunzelmann QSO (born c. 1947) is an executive director from New Zealand.
Biography
Von Tunzelmann graduated from the University of Canterbury in the late 1960s with an honours degree in economics. Her first job offer after graduation was at a major bank, on a lower salary scale reserved for women. She declined the offer and instead joined the New Zealand Treasury, which offered equal pay for men and women staff. She worked in Parliament and Treasury until 1990, then moved to work at the Department of Justice. In 1985, von Tunzelmann was the first woman to become Deputy Clerk of the House. While working, she also completed a master's degree in public policy at Victoria University of Wellington.
In 2001, von Tunzelmann moved to Tauranga and set up a private consultancy business.
She served for 14 years on the governing body of Te Whare Wānanga o Awanuiārangi, a Ngāti Awa tertiary education organisation for Māori in the eastern Bay of Plenty. She has also served as chair of the board of Bone Health New Zealand. She has been the chairwoman of the New Zealand Women's Refuge Foundation, vice president of Age Concern New Zealand and a patron of the Tauranga Community Housing Trust, which provides housing for people with disabilities. She has also served as president of the Tauranga Chamber of Commerce.
Personal life
Von Tunzelmann is married to Peter McKinlay. She is the great-grandniece of pioneer explorer Nicholas von Tunzelmann.
Honours and awards
In 1977, von Tunzelmann received the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal, and in 1993, she was awarded the New Zealand Suffrage Centennial Medal. In the 2016 Birthday Honours, she was appointed a Companion of the Queen's Service Order, for services to governance and the community.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMCS_Guelph"}
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Modified Flower-class corvette
HMCS Guelph was a modified Flower-class corvette that served with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War. She fought primarily in the Battle of the Atlantic as a convoy escort. She was named for Guelph, Ontario.
Background
Flower-class corvettes like Guelph serving with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were different from earlier and more traditional sail-driven corvettes. The "corvette" designation was created by the French as a class of small warships; the Royal Navy borrowed the term for a period but discontinued its use in 1877. During the hurried preparations for war in the late 1930s, Winston Churchill reactivated the corvette class, needing a name for smaller ships used in an escort capacity, in this case based on a whaling ship design. The generic name "flower" was used to designate the class of these ships, which – in the Royal Navy – were named after flowering plants.
Corvettes commissioned by the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were named after communities for the most part, to better represent the people who took part in building them. This idea was put forth by Admiral Percy W. Nelles. Sponsors were commonly associated with the community for which the ship was named. Royal Navy corvettes were designed as open sea escorts, while Canadian corvettes were developed for coastal auxiliary roles which was exemplified by their minesweeping gear. Eventually the Canadian corvettes would be modified to allow them to perform better on the open seas.
Construction
Guelph was ordered April 1942 as part of the 1942-43 modified Flower-class building programme. This programme was known as the Increased Endurance (IE). Many changes were made, all from lessons that had been learned in previous versions of the Flower-class. The bridge was made a full deck higher and built to naval standards instead of the more civilian-like bridges of previous versions. The platform for the 4-inch main gun was raised to minimize the amount of spray over it and to provide a better field of fire. It was also connected to the wheelhouse by a wide platform that was now the base for the Hedgehog anti-submarine mortar that this version was armed with. Along with the new Hedgehog, this version got the new QF 4-inch Mk XIX main gun, which was semi-automatic, used fixed ammunition and had the ability to elevate higher giving it an anti-aircraft ability.
Other superficial changes to this version include an upright funnel and pressurized boiler rooms which eliminated the need for hooded ventilators around the base of the funnel. This changes the silhouette of the corvette and made it more difficult for submariners to tell which way the corvette was laying.
Guelph was laid down by Collingwood Shipyards Ltd. at Collingwood, Ontario 29 May 1943 and was launched 20 December 1943. She was commissioned into the Royal Canadian Navy 9 May 1944 at Toronto, Ontario. Due to her late arrival into the war Guelph never had a refit.
Service history
After arriving at Halifax in June 1944, Guelph was assigned to a special escort mission in July. She escorted Royal Navy submarines P.553 and P.554 to Philadelphia where they were being returned to the United States Navy. On 2 August she joined the Western Local Escort Force where she was assigned to escort group W-3.
Guelph continued in that capacity until September 1944 when she transferred to the Mid-Ocean Escort Force (MOEF) as a trans-Atlantic convoy escort. She was assigned to MOEF escort group C-8 until April 1945 when she returned to Canada. She journeyed to Halifax where she became a local escort, performing this duty until the end of the war.
Guelph was paid off 27 June 1945 at Sorel, Quebec and transferred to the War Assets Corporation. She was sold 2 October 1945 for mercantile use to an American buyer who kept the name Guelph after conversion to a 771 GRT cargo ship but registered her under a Panamanian flag. In 1954, the ship was renamed Josephine Lanasa. In 1956 she was sold and renamed Burfin and was last noted on Lloyd's Register in 1964-65.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christiana_Carteaux_Bannister"}
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American business entrepreneur, hairdresser, and abolitionist
Christiana Carteaux Bannister (née Babcock; 1819–1902) was an American business entrepreneur, hairdresser, and abolitionist in New England. She was known professionally as Madame Carteaux. Christiana was married to successful artist Edward Mitchell Bannister, who she supported financially during the early stages of his career. While Christiana's legacy has been overlooked in the past, coverage of her work in popular sources during the late 2010s has brought new attention to her success and political efforts.
Biography
Christiana Carteaux Bannister was born in 1819 in North Kingstown, Rhode Island. She was born to African American and Narragansett Indian parents. She was a descendant of enslaved Africans who worked the plantations of South County, Rhode Island, during the eighteenth century. As a young woman, she moved to Boston where she worked as a wigmaker and hairdresser.
Marriages
Christiana appears in the 1846 Boston directory listed as a milliner. Records also state that she had married Desiline Carteaux, a clothes dealer and cigar maker. Her marriage to Carteaux, who is believed to be of Caribbean origin, did not last. The two lived on Beacon Hill in Boston, but by 1850 they separated and Christiana lived with friends in Providence.
In 1853 Christiana and Edward Mitchell Bannister met when he applied for work as a barber in her Boston salon. She and Bannister married on June 10, 1857. Bannister became one of the most successful Black artists because of Christiana Carteaux Bannister's financial and emotional support. He attributed much of his success to Christiana for her critical eye and her business sense. In 1869, the Bannisters moved to Providence, Rhode Island, and Christiana continued her business as a hairdresser as well as her activism.
Hairdressing business
As a young woman, Christiana moved from Rhode Island to Boston where she began her career as a wigmaker. She was professionally known as Madame Carteaux, Women's Hairdresser and Wigmaker. She was a successful business entrepreneur, and self-styled "hair doctress," generating income by hairdressing and selling her own hair products. From 1847 to 1871 Christiana Carteaux Bannister maintained several salons in Boston including Cambridge, Boston, and Winter Streets. When Christiana Carteaux Bannister and Edward Bannister moved to Providence, she opened another salon in Providence.
Abolitionists
While in Boston, the Bannisters lived and worked with abolitionist Lewis Hayden. The family participated in Lewis' facilitation of the Boston Underground Railroad, and providing their hair salons as meeting places for African American and white abolitionists.
Other activism
During the Civil War, Christiana Carteaux Bannister was an advocate for equal pay for Black soldiers. In November 1864, she organized a fair sponsored by the Boston Colored Ladies Sanitary Commission to benefit the African American regiments, the 54th and 55th Massachusetts and the 5th Massachusetts Cavalry, who served for a year and a half without pay rather than accept less than the white soldiers were paid.
In Providence, she founded the Home for Aged Colored Women when she learned about the struggles of African American women who worked as domestics but were too old to work and often became homeless. The home moved from Transit St. to Dodge St. and was renamed Bannister House, Inc.
Death and legacy
Despite her success throughout her professional life, Bannister died with little money in January 1903. Though she was admitted into the Home for Aged Colored Women in September 1902, Bannister reportedly lived with mental illness and was transferred to the Howard Asylum, Lancaster reported. Upon her death, she was laid to rest next to her husband, who died in January 1901 during a church prayer meeting, without a grave marker.
Many years after her death, she began to receive more public recognition for her contributions to society and Black history. Bannister was inducted into the Rhode Island Heritage Hall of Fame in 2003, and a bronze bust of her, based upon a portrait Edward painted, was placed in the Rhode Island State House in December 2002.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rao_Farman_Ali"}
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Pakistani general
Major General Rao Farman Ali SQA SK (Urdu: راؤ فرمان علی ; January 1, 1922 – 20 January 2004) was a Major General in Pakistan Army, and political figure who is widely considered a key architect of the 1971 Bangladesh genocide the Bangladesh Liberation War.
Commissioned in September, 1943 as a forward observer in Regiment of Artillery, he served as military adviser to the Pakistan army, and oversaw the deployment of military police aided with local militias (razarkars) during the Bangladesh Liberation War. He testified his responsibilities in the Hamoodur Rahman Commission in 1972 but denied allegations of genocide committed in Bangladesh in spite of the Hamoodur Rahman Commission which proved the involvement of misconducts and genocide of Pakistani military personnel.
Upon being forced to retire, he joined the Fauji Foundation as an agronomist, and founded the Fauji Fertilizer Company Limited in 1978. From 1985–88, he served as petroleum minister and National Security Advisor in President Zia-ul-Haq's administration, and went into hiding after Zia's death.
Biography
Rao Farman Ali was born into a Haryanvi Ranghar Rajput family in Rohtak, East Punjab, then under the British Colonial rule in 1923. His date of birth is read as 1 January 1923, according to the official headstone written in Urdu in his grave which is located in the Westridge cemetery in Rawalpindi. Very little is known about his early life in the literature based on Pakistani military, and not much is published about his educational background.
He gained his commission as a second lieutenant in the Regiment of Artillery of the British Indian Army and participated in World War II in 1943. At the partition of British India in 1947, he opted for the Pakistan Army and joined the Military Police. His military career saw his repeated deployment in East Pakistan as a political adviser and later ascended as military adviser to East Pakistan Army. In the 1960s, Farman was posted at the Army GHQ. He served there in the Directorate of Military Operations and as the Director, Military Training.[clarification needed]
It is not known if Rao took participation in war with India in 1965, since he was stationed in East. In 1967, he was again stationed in East as an officer commanding of the 14th Battalion; he was posted again and sent back to West. In 1969, President Ayub Khan handed over the presidency to his Commander-in-Chief General Yahya Khan who posted Ali upon the request of Major-General Muzaffaruddin– the martial law administrator of East Pakistan.
The posting came at the behest of the East Pakistani government requesting him due to his experiences in East. He was the military adviser to the East Pakistan Army and elevated as the Defence Secretary of the East Pakistani government, serving from 1969–71.[self-published source] He enjoyed full support of President Yahya Khan serving under several governors and oversaw various civil affairs in the government.757-759 He helped raise the paramilitary units such as the Volunteers (Razakars), Peace Committee, Al Badr, and Al Shams to aid the genocide of the Pakistan army.
In 1971, when the talks with Awami League failed, Ali along with Lieutenant-General Tikka Khan launched the military crackdown on the people of erstwhile East Pakistan under direction of President Yahya Khan. Ali is held responsible for widespread genocide and massacre took place in Dhaka University. Hamoodur Rahman Commission though heavily criticized other senior military staff of Pakistan Army in East Pakistan at the time including confirmation of mass atrocities, cleared Ali citing the fact that he was not involved in any direct Military Operation due to the nature of his post which was mostly Administrative.
Altaf Gohar, an East Pakistani civil servant, recounted an incident from his memory that a hit list had been drawn up for elimination of certain Bangalis. A friend of Altaf Gohar was also in the list and his friends and relatives requested Gohar if he could do something to save his friend. Gohar held a meeting with Farman and requested him to drop the name from his hit list. " Farman took, said Gohar, a diary out of his drawer and crossed the name out. The name was of Mr. Sanaul Huq and he was spared."
Pages of this very diary with lists of intellectuals were recovered from the debris of Rao Farman's office, the then Governor's House, which was bombed by Indian Air Force on 14 December.A note book was found in Rao farman Ali's office in Dhaka, One page contained a list of university teachers with addresses, with tick marks besides some of the names like "M. Haider Chy. Bangali" or "Saduddin-Sociology, 16-D, UQ" (university quarter). It is up to the readers to find out the reality of this page, and the meaning of the marks, bearing in mind that the last entry was most probably on 13 December.
After the civil war in 1971 ended, Farman's diary was recovered from the ruins of the Governor's house. The copy of a page from the diary shows the list of intellectuals from Dhaka University. Out of which, 14 of them were killed on 14 December 1971. In 1971, he, along with Lieutenant-General Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi, sent a telegram to the U.S. Embassy in Dacca to transmit the surrender proposal to New Delhi. Farman Ali also sent a request for a cease-fire to the United Nations, but it was quickly countermanded by a message from President Yahya Khan which described Farman Ali's request as "unauthorized".
About the Bangladesh Liberation War, General A.A.K. Niazi maintained that Farman requested the latter on multiple occasions to stationed him back to Pakistan after the Farman's gained notoriety over his involvement in the killing of the intellectuals. A.A.K. Niazi wrote in his book, "The Betrayal of East Pakistan that Farman had quoted: "Mukti Bahini would kill him of his alleged massacre of the Bangalees and intellectuals on the night of 15–16 December. It was a pathetic sight to see him pale and almost on the verge of break down." He is also alleged to have written in his Diary as: "Green Land of East Pakistan will be painted Red." However, Farman Ali had denied all the accusations leveled against him, and branded these accusations as "lies."[better source needed]
In 1972, Ali testified against A.A.K. Niazi in the Hamoodur Rahman Commission and noted that Niazi's morale collapsed as early as 7 December and cried fanatically over the progress report presented to the Abdul Motaleb Malik. Controversy regarding his own involvement in the political events of East had arisen since he had denied all accusations leveled against him despite testifying his responsibilities as military adviser to East Pakistani military command.
Farman Ali was forcefully retired from the military in 1972 but appointed as Managing Director of Fauji Foundation in 1974 which he remained in that position until 1984. He served as an agronomist at the Fauji Foundation and helped create the chemical fertilizer and served its first director of the Fauji Fertilizer Company in 1978. In 1985, he was appointed as Minister of Petroleum and Natural Resources and National Security Advisor in President Zia-ul-Haq's administration, which he served until 1988.
After sudden death of President Zia-ul-Haq, Farman Ali reportedly went into hiding and lived a very quiet life in Rawalpindi on a pension. Throughout the 1990s, he fought a brief illness and authored a book, Sar Gazisht, based on the East Pakistan crises. On 20 January 2004, Farman Ali died and was laid to rest with military honors in Westridge cemetery in Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
Awards and decorations
Foreign decorations
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Jīngzhé, 惊蛰, is the 3rd of the 24 solar terms (節氣) in the traditional Chinese calendars. It begins when the Sun reaches the celestial longitude of 345° and ends when it reaches the longitude of 360°. More often, it refers to the day when the Sun is exactly at a celestial longitude of 345°. In the Gregorian calendar, it usually begins around March 5 and ends around March 20.
The word 驚蟄 means the awakening of hibernating insects. 驚 is to startle and 蟄 means hibernating insects. Traditional Chinese folklore says that during Jingzhe, thunderstorms will wake up the hibernating insects, which implies that the weather is getting warmer.
Pentads
Each solar term can be divided into 3 pentads (候). They are the first pentad (初候), the second pentad (次候), and the third pentad (末候): Pentads in Jingzhe are
China
Japan
Date and time
Related Topic
Cultural References
Lim Giong has an 2005 album titled Insects Awaken.
Jingzhe_(film) is a 2004 Chinese film directed by Wang Quan'an.
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United States v. Morgan is the name of a number of noted court cases:
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Brentwood_Historic_District"}
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Historic district in Maryland, United States
United States historic place
The North Brentwood Historic District, is a national historic district located in the town of North Brentwood, Prince George's County, Maryland. It was the earliest incorporated African American community in the county. The historic district comprises 128 buildings reflecting its development over the period from 1891 to 1950. All of the early vernacular dwellings were of wood-frame construction with Late Victorian inspiration. The 1920s house forms represented included bungalows, multi-family houses, and larger Foursquares. Small brick cottages were primarily built in the period immediately following World War II. The surviving historic buildings illustrate the forms and styles of buildings typically constructed in working-class suburban communities of the period.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Academy_Portland"}
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Academy in Isle of Portland, Dorset, England
Atlantic Academy Portland, formerly known as the Isle of Portland Aldridge Community Academy, is a coeducational all-through school and sixth form for children aged 3 to 19. The school is located on two sites on the Isle of Portland in the English county of Dorset.
History
The Isle of Portland Aldridge Community Academy was formed in September 2012 from the merger of Brackenbury Infant School, Grove Infant School, Southwell County Primary School, Underhill Community Junior School and Royal Manor Arts College. As an academy, the school was originally sponsored by The Aldridge Foundation and Dorset County Council.
A new campus, Osprey Quay Campus, opened in 2014. It was followed by the opening of the main campus site, Maritime House, in September 2016. In September 2016, Aldridge Education multi-academy trust took over the responsibility for all Aldridge Schools from the Aldridge Foundation. In October it was announced that the Academy would not be joining the multi-academy trust and that Aldridge were standing down as sponsor. Dorset County Council remains a sponsor.
In November 2016, the school was inspected by Ofsted and declared inadequate. IPACA became Atlantic Academy Portland in September 2017, managed by Aspirations Academies Trust.
Academics
Aspirations Academies Trust is a multi-academy trust supporting 16 academies in Dorset, Banbury and Feltham in West London. The school they inherited was 'inadequate'; they aimed to create an academy where the students believed in themselves and were actively engaged in their own learning and saw a connection between the learning tasks and their ambitions for the future. They needed to create a challenging curriculum and disruption free learning. It is an ‘all through’ Academy, with all years housed within the same school building.
An early change was to reduce the schools capacity, the PAN or school number in jargon, from 1580 to 1220, to have year groups of 60 in Primary and 120 in Secondary, where previously it was 60 and 150. This reduces overcrowding while allowing all pupils to be on a single site.
Curriculum
As an all-through school, with youngsters from reception class to upper sixth- there needs to be a unified teaching approach in all key stages, from Key Stage R to Key Stage 5. The Aspirations Academies Trust is developing a common curricular approach the will be used in each of its academies, albeit reflecting the local community and the particular needs of its students, It will contain :
Current subjects
Learning in Key Stage Two is linked to a central topic, such as an Energy and Sustainability or ‘The Middle East’. The topic mapping has been specially designed to support the needs of the pupils.
At Key Stage 3, year 8 and 9 students study English, Maths, Science, French, Music, Art, Drama, RE, Geography, History, Design Technology ; Computer Science and Business Enterprise and PE. In Year 7 the students study the new No Limits Curriculum: which will include English, Maths, Science, French, Music, Art, Drama, Geography, History, Design Technology and PE.
At Key Stage 4 students study a mixture of GCSEs and BTECs. All pupils study English, English Literature, Maths, and Science. They are allowed four options, two of which must be EBacc subjects, and two chosen from Art, business Studies, Drama, Music, Food, Product Design and Philosophy. The Ebacc subjects are History, Geography, French and Computer Science.
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Thai indie-pop band
Safeplanet is a Thai indie-pop band 3 people lead by the main vocalist Thitiphat “A” Arthachinua a music that combines guitar pop with DIY ethic in opposition to the style. Safeplanet (Safe Planet) means "Our safe area It's an area where we can perform our work comfortably.”
Band members
History
The beginning
Safeplanet is made up of three people who are all studying music in the Faculty of Music and subject of jazz. ‘A’ studied at Silpakorn University. Doi and Yi studied at Mahidol University. The band was formed by former members of the band 'Shadow Flare', ‘A Thitipat Attchinda (Thai: เอ ฐิติภัทร อรรถจินดา)’ lead vocals – guitarist and 'Doi Aphiwit Khamfu (Thai: ดอย อภิวิชญ์ คำฟู)’ drummer and they are a back-up for Jelly Rocket band. As a result, a new band was formed by Doi invited ‘Yee Chayapan Chantranuson (Thai: ยี่ ชยปัญญ์ จันทรานุสนธิ์)' bassist, who was previously the back-up for Jelly Rocket band to record a song which would later become a member of Safeplanet. 'Safeplanet' is to describe a planet that is "Their secure zone with a comfortable environment in which we can perform "[citation needed]. They are a self-contained band that specializes in indie-pop music. They had a very first single named “Klong Dam (Thai: กล่องดำ)” which was released in 2016 and had a very popular song such as “Khamtop (Thai: คำตอบ)” and “Kot Khwam Chep Cham (Thai: กอดความเจ็บช้ำ) which are in “Safeboys” album. Also, they had a first concert which held on July 6, 2019, in the name of “Safeplanet Neonplanet Concert” at Montri Studio (Thai: มนตรี สตูดิโอ).
‘A Thitipat Attchinda (Thai: เอ ฐิติภัทร อรรถจินดา)’ lead vocals – guitarist: graduated with a bachelor's degree from Faculty of Music Silpakorn University. 'Doi Aphiwit Khamfu (Thai: ดอย อภิวิชญ์ คำฟู)’ drummer - graduated with a bachelor's degree from College of Music Mahidol University.‘Yee Chayapan Chantranuson (Thai: ยี่ ชยปัญญ์ จันทรานุสนธิ์)' bassist - graduated with a bachelor's degree from College of Music Mahidol University.
Safeplanet's identity: “Safeplanet's signature sound is guitar-banded. We use the guitar as a drive. And then there is a layer of chorus that is a unique singing. Consists of percussion We mix many types of music as if combining many pop music. type together Most of which, when incoming calls He will immediately know that it is us.”[citation needed] Safeplanet's identity: “The inspiration for making music comes from real events that we felt at the time. For example, the song “Khaeng Khuek” comes from the people next to me. And I want to encourage him like "I'll take you." The people beside me are my girlfriends, friends, and family. Other than my girlfriend Ket and all the fans, of course, he's the one next to us, without them there wouldn't be us.”[citation needed]
Discography
Tours
Neonplanet Concert (6 July 2019)
This is their first concert in 5 years since the debut of the song, which took place at Mon Tri Studio (Thai: มนตรีสตูดิโอ) and featured Anatomy Rabbit as a special guest. The concert's theme and title were inspired by classical space and neon.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parupeneus_barberinoides"}
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Species of fish
Parupeneus barberinoides, the bicolor goatfish, is a species of goatfish native to the western Pacific Ocean. An inhabitant of coral reefs, it can be found at depths of from 1 to 40 metres (3.3 to 131.2 ft). This species can reach a length of 30 centimetres (12 in) TL though most are only around 20 centimetres (7.9 in). This is a commercially important species and can also be found in the aquarium trade.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sch%C3%B6nau_im_M%C3%BChlkreis"}
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Place in Upper Austria, Austria
Schönau im Mühlkreis is a municipality in the district of Freistadt in Upper Austria, Austria. As of January 2013, the village has 1899 inhabitants.
Geography
Schönau im Mühlkreis lies at 635 m above sea level in the Mühlviertel area of Upper Austria. The community runs 9.7 km from north to south, and 8.5 km from east to west, encompassing a total area of 38.6 km². Forests cover 17.4% of the community, while 19.7% of it is used for agriculture. Schönau is a relatively large community, area-wise, and is bordered in the north by the river Waldaist, and in the south by the lesser river Naarn.
Districts
Neighboring communities
History
Schönau was founded by the House von Perg und Machland, and is first found in written records from around 1230. The parish church, whose patron saint is James, son of Zebedee (James the Elder), is likewise first mentioned in historical records from 1230. During the Middle Ages, the town was a stopping point for pilgrims from Poland following the Way of St. James, on their way to Santiago de Compostella in Spain.
The Thirty Years' War and the Second Turkish Siege of Vienna both spared Schönau, which remained relatively untouched. In 1536 the Protestant Hilleprant Jörger bought the Prandegg Castle from Regensburg. The Jörger family made Schönau a base for the new religion, but with the Counter-Reformation of the mid-1500s, Schönau became a majority Catholic community once again. From 1660 to 1730, the town was the site of several witch trials. Until 1848 the community was part of other surrounding entities, including the domaines of Prandegg, Zellhof Castle, Schwertberg and Ruttenstein.
Following administrative changes in 1848, Schönau became its own self-governing community. Since 1918 the village has belonged to the nation of Austria. The village released its own emergency currency in 1920, to help lessen the economic hardship of the area, following the end of World War I.
The day after the Anschluss on March 12, 1938 (in which Germany annexed Austria into the German Reich), Schönau was incorporated into the Reichsgau Oberdonau (Gau Oberdonau). Following the end of World War II in 1945, the town lay in the Soviet Occupation zone. Until the end of 2002, the town belonged to the judicial district of Unterweißenbach, but beginning 1 January 2003, it now lies within the judicial district of Pregarten.
Population
Development and structure
By 1869, 1667 people lived in the village. Until 1971 the population fluctuated roughly around this point, and did not change much. In 1991 the community contained 1823 residents, though according to the 2001 census, only 1818 people were located within the village, representing a 0.3% decrease. On 1 January 2008 the community contained 1885 residents, which was the highest number of residents in the history of the town. The population also experienced a positive change following the building of new construction. Through the continual improvement of the roads, Schönau has become more and more easily reached by Linz: it is now possible to reach the northern entrance of the city in half an hour.
As determined by the 2001 census, the proportion of residents who were 60 years or older was 18.3%. Of the residents, 20.6% were under the age of 15. The proportion of the population that is female was 49.8%.
Of the 1443 inhabitants of Schönau who were over 15 years old in 2001, 1.9% completed university, Fachhochschule, or study at an Academy. A further 5.4% had completed a Matura (the Austrian equivalent of the Abitur), while 46% had attended an Apprenticeship or berufsbildende mittlere Schule (a kind of vocational training program). Another 46.6% of all Schönau residents had completed only the minimum level required by the compulsory education laws of Austria.
Origin and language
The German dialect spoken in Schönau, as well as all over Austria, is the Central Bavarian dialect of the larger Bavarian language. As of 2001, 99.7% of Schönau residents listed the German language as the language they speak natively. A further 0.1% spoke mainly Czech, with a handful of others speaking yet other languages.
The percentage of Schönau residents coming from other countries (as of 2001) was 0.9%, far below the average for Upper Austria. Roughly 0.1% of Schönau residents come from Bosnia-Herzegovina, 0.4% are from Germany, with the rest coming from other nations. Overall, about 0.8% of Schönau residents, as of 2001, were born in other countries.
Politics
The town council and mayoral elections take place every six years, at the same time as the Landtag elections. From 1945 until 1997, the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) always maintained an absolute electoral majority. The second most popular party in town is the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ). The Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) is the third strongest party in Schönau, though they only ran for office in 1991 and 1997. In 2003 the ÖVP won 62.3% of the votes and ruled with an absolute majority. In 2009 the ÖVP raised this absolute majority to 71.3% of the electorate.
The town council election of 2009 had a voter turnout of 87.8% and resulted in the following:
The mayor of the community is Herbert Haunschmied of the ÖVP. The town council has 19 members.
The next council election is scheduled to take place in 2015.
Schönau is a member of the Association for Regional and Tourism Development of Mühlviertler Alm.
Coat of arms
The community's coat of arms depicts two crossed, black burning branches above a red shell and on a gold field. The burning branches come from the coat of arms of the previously-prominent Pranter family, which built the nearby Prandegg Castle. The red shell is a reference to James, son of Zebedee (Jakobus der Ältere), who is the patron saint of the local church. The town's colors are red and yellow.
The adoption of the town's coat of arms and colors occurred 24 April 1972.
Culture and landmarks
St James Parish Church
St James Parish Church was first mentioned in the written record in 1230, originally as a subsidiary church of the parish in nearby Naarn. Though the walls of the nave date to the Romanesque period, the low, squat bell tower was constructed sometime in the 13th or 14th century. In 1516 the nave was remodeled in the Gothic style. In 1968 the church was enlarged: the Gothic, Baroque choir area and the Gothic west gallery were removed, as was the Neo-Gothic furnishings. The modern additions are asymmetrically attached to the nave and include the Chancel, the baptistry, sacristy and the new organ loft. The furnishings are constructed from various materials. The organ (1993), with its two keyboards and 18 registers, comes from the Upper Austrian St. Florian Organ Company. In the church tower, there are four bells (G, B-flat, D, B).
Prandegg castle
The Prandegg Castle is a medieval, ruined hill castle that lies within the borders of Schönau. It is open to the public.
Natural monuments
Sport
Schönau contains the small ski area Stoaninger Alm, which contains a ski tow and two slopes. In the summer, Stoaninger Alm operates a Sommerrodelbahn, which is a type of dry toboggan run.
Business and infrastructure
Traffic
Schönau im Mühlkreis is crossed from the northeast to the southwest by the Riedmark Landesstraße (L 576). The town is also crossed by a regional hiking and pilgrimage path (Johannesweg).
Public institutions and education
In Schönau there is a Kindergarten, a Volksschule and a library in operation. There is also a general practitioner working in the town.
Within the community, there are three volunteer fire departments: one in Schönau, one in Oberndorf and one in Prandegg.
Notable persons
Works cited
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Poem by Wallace Stevens
"The Public Square" is a poem from the second edition (1931) of Wallace Stevens's first book of poetry, Harmonium. It was first published in 1923, so it is one of the few poems in the collection that is not free of copyright, but it is quoted here in full as justified by fair use for scholarly commentary.
The Public Square
A slash of angular blacks Like a fractured edifice That was buttressed by blue slats In a coma of the moon. A slash and the edifice fell, Pylon and pier fell down. A mountain-blue cloud arose Like a thing in which they fell, Fell slowly as when at night A languid janitor bears His lantern through colonnades And the architecture swoons. It turned cold and silent. Then The square began to clear. The bijou of Atlas, the moon, Was last with its porcelain leer.
The violence of an edifice's demolition is matched by the violence of the poem's language, particularly in the first two stanzas. The slow-motion collapse is captured in the surreal atmosphere created by the third stanza. The final stanza etches a precise image of the square's clearing.
The harshness of the poem can be compared to the brutal encounter with Berserk in "Anecdote of the Prince of Peacocks", with which it shares an architectural motif.
Buttel detects the influence of Cubism.
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combe_Florey"}
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Human settlement in England
Combe Florey is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, situated 6 miles (9.7 km) northwest of Taunton in the Somerset West and Taunton district, on the West Somerset Railway. The village has a population of 261. The parish includes the hamlet of Eastcombe which is a linear settlement along the A358 Taunton-Wiliton Road.
The village public house is The Farmer's Arms.
History
The first part of the name Combe Florey comes from cwm meaning valley, and the second part from Hugh de Fleuri who was lord of the manor around 1166.
At the time of the Domesday Book in 1086 the village was part of the Bishop of Winchesters estate of Taunton Deane. The parish of Combe Florey was part of the Taunton Deane Hundred.
Governance
The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.
The village falls within the non-metropolitan district of Somerset West and Taunton, which was established on 1 April 2019. It was previously in the district of Taunton Deane, which was formed on 1 April 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, and part of Taunton Rural District before that. The district council is responsible for local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection and recycling, cemeteries and crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism.
Somerset County Council is responsible for running the largest and most expensive local services such as education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, policing and fire services, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning.
It is also part of the Taunton Deane county constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election, and was part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament prior to Britain leaving the European Union in January 2020, which elected seven MEPs using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.
Religious sites
The Church of St Peter and St Paul has some remains from the 13th century but is mostly from the 15th century and is designated as a Grade I listed building.
Notable residents
Sydney Smith was rector of the parish of Combe Florey from 1829 until his death in 1845. Combe Florey House was the home of the novelist Evelyn Waugh, and later of his son, Auberon. Auberon Waugh is buried in St Peter and Paul's churchyard. Evelyn Waugh is buried in a private plot of land next to the churchyard. The writers Daisy Waugh and Alexander Waugh both grew up at Combe Florey House, but their mother, Auberon Waugh's widow, sold the house in 2008.
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Matthew Charles Meere (6 December 1890 – 17 October 1961), generally known as Charles Meere, was an English-born artist who studied art in England and France, served in World War I, and eventually settled in Australia in 1932. While pursuing his Sydney art practice, he also worked as a commercial artist, exhibited widely and taught life classes to students such as Freda Robertshaw. He achieved considerable artistic and commercial success, winning the Sulman Prize in 1938 with Atalanta's Eclipse, a neo-classical interpretation of the Greek myth. One of his colleagues described him as "somewhat of a character, slightly eccentric, looking like a businessman, with a droll sense of humour".
Meere is best known for his stylised art deco paintings dating from the interwar period, most notably Australian Beach Pattern (1938–40). Alternately criticised or praised for its studied formality, this painting has been variously interpreted as a celebration of Australian beach culture, a glorification of heroic racial purity, or as a nuanced reflection of Australia's unpreparedness for World War II. It was among the quintessential Australian images chosen for the opening ceremony of the 2000 Summer Olympics program and was included in the major exhibition of Australian art held at London's National Gallery in 2013.
Meere's grandson is a painter of some note. He is based in Sydney and travels the world for inspiration.
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ec2e16cc-214f-482e-8b64-431028a493df
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Chadwick"}
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Chilean politician
Andrés Pío Bernardino Chadwick Piñera (born 2 January 1956) is a Chilean right-wing politician and lawyer, member of the Independent Democrat Union (UDI) party. He began his political career as a supporter of the Pinochet dictatorship, and was present at the Acto de Chacarillas in 1977. Chadwick was elected deputy for the District #33 in 1989, and was re-elected in 1993. In 1997, he was elected senator for the 9th Circumscription of the VI Región del Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins, and was re-elected in 2005 again. On 18 July 2011 he was invited by his cousin, President Sebastián Piñera, to become Minister Secretary General of Government. He was later appointed Interior Minister on 5 November 2012 and his term ended on 11 March 2014.
He joined the second government of Piñera on 11 March 2018 as Interior and Public Security Minister and held that position until 28 October 2019. On 11 December Chadwick was impeached for his role in the 2019–2020 Chilean protests, including the large number of eye injuries attained by protesters. Chadwick is effectively banned to hold public office for five years (until 2024).
Biography
Andrés Chadwick was born on 2 January 1956. His parents were Herman Chadwick Valdés and Paulette Piñera Carvallo (sister of Bernardino Piñera). Chadwick is currently married to María Victoria Costa, with whom he has four children. He is also first cousin of President Sebastián Piñera.
Chadwick was a vocal supporter of Pinochet dictatorship, which had previously appointed him president of the Catholic University Students Federation. In 2012 Chadwick expressed "deep repentance" for this support after discovering "over the years" serious human rights violations committed by the dictatorship, while defending the regime on other grounds.
Studies
He completed his primary and secondary studies in Colegio Verbo Divino in Santiago. Chadwick joined afterwards the Law Faculty in the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile.
Political career
Chadwick was appointed president of the Students Federation of the Catholic University of Chile (FEUC) by the military regime, and later graduated as a lawyer from the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, later working as a professor. In the 1980s, Chadwick holds office in several political charges, such as in the Youth sections of the Independent Democrat Union Movement, National Unity, and National Renewal.
He was a member of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile between 1990 and 1998, and has been, since 1998, member of the Senate of Chile, representing the ninth O'Higgins circumscription.
Electoral history
Parliamentary election, 1989
Deputy for the District #33 of the communes of Mostazal, Graneros, Codegua, Machalí, Requínoa, Rengo, Olivar, Doñihue, Coínco, Coltauco, Quinta de Tilcoco, and Malloa, in the VI Región del Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins.
Parliamentary election, 1993
Deputy for the District #33 of the communes of Mostazal, Graneros, Codegua, Machalí, Requínoa, Rengo, Olivar, Doñihue, Coínco, Coltauco, Quinta de Tilcoco, and Malloa, in the VI Región del Libertador General Bernardo O'Higgins.
Parliamentary election, 1997
Senators for the 9th Circunscription of the VI O'Higgins Region.
Parliamentary election, 2005
Senators for the 9th Circunscription, VI O'Higgins Region.
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204c8d15-49b3-4620-8d1f-d0d3c261777c
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyokawa-inari_Station"}
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Railway station in Toyokawa, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
Toyokawa-inari Station (豊川稲荷駅, Toyokawa-inari-eki) is a railway station in the city of Toyokawa, Aichi, Japan, operated by Meitetsu.
Lines
Toyokawa-inari Station is a terminal station of the Meitetsu Toyokawa Line and is 7.2 kilometers from the opposing terminus of the line at Kō.
Station layout
The station has one island platform with both tracks terminating at the end of the platform. The station has automated ticket machines, Manaca automated turnstiles and is staffed.
Platforms
Adjacent stations
Station history
The station opened on December 25, 1954 as Shin-Toyokawa Station (新豊川駅, Shin-Toyokawa-eki). It was renamed Toyokawa-inari on May 1, 1955. At the end of 1984, the platforms were lengthened to accommodate six-car trains.[citation needed]
Passenger statistics
In fiscal 2017, the station was used by an average of 2592 passengers daily.
Surrounding area
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Australian politician
George Glover Campbell (2 March 1887 – 3 September 1967) was an Australian politician who represented the Electoral district of Hamilton from 1950 till 1959 for the Labor Party.
Early life
Born in England to parents Isaac Campbell, a grocer, and Susannah Patterson, Campbell Jr arrived in Australia in 1905. He lived at Drummoyne and worked in Sydney harbour shipyards. He moved to Newcastle in 1907, and was employed in State Dockyard at Walsh Island. He remained at the dockyards until being employed in parliament.
Political career
Campbell was President of Merewether branch and of Hamilton state electorate council for some years. He was an Alderman on Merewether council. He contested the hard Labor seat of Electoral district of Hamilton at the 1950 state election and won. Campbell subsequently won re-election at the 1953, and 1956 state elections but lost pre-selection to Robert McCartney at the 1959 State election., Campbell resigned from the Labor Party in 1959 in protest and never rejoined.
Death
Campbell died on 3 September 1967(1967-09-03) (aged 80). He is buried at Beresfield Cemetery.
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The White slave trade affair, also known as L’affaire de la traite des blanches, as De handel in blanke slavinnen and as Affaire des petite Anglaises, was a famous international scandal in Brussels in Belgium in 1880–1881. It attracted international attention to the issue of sex trafficking and became the starting point of the international campaign against sex trafficking.
The case
In 1880, it was revealed that about fifty foreign girls had been sex trafficked illegally to work in brothels in Brussels. The case became a major scandal which attracted international infamy, especially since it became known that some people within the authorities had been involved in the trade. The scandal ended in both the mayor of Brussels as well as the head of the city's police force were forced to resign from their posts.
Aftermath
The White slave trade affair attracted international attention to the ongoing issue of sex trafficking. The intense press coverage resulted in public interest in the issue. It resulted in an international campaign against sex trafficking, which became labelled as white slave trade. Campaigns against sex trafficking first started in Belgium after the scandal of 1880, and spread from there to Great Britain in 1885, to France in 1902 and to the United States in 1907.
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Edward Darell (1728–1814) was an English merchant and Governor of the Bank of England from 1787 to 1789.
He was the son of Robert Darell of Richmond, and his wife Mary Porten, daughter of James Porten, and sister of Judith Porten who was Gibbon's mother. He had a younger brother Robert, born in 1734. He was a first cousin of Edward Gibbon who made Darell one of his three executors in his will of 1791.
Darell acted as a Bank of England director from c.1771 to 1804. He was Deputy Governor from 1785 to 1787. He replaced George Peters as Governor and was succeeded by Mark Weyland.
Darell's London address was New Street, Hanover Square in 1803. His brother Robert, of Sackville Street, had died in 1801, and had served as deputy governor of the South Sea Company. They had been in business together at 4 Union Court, Old Broad Street.
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e6d1ba12-b2fa-49fd-97fe-753dae86ca84
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{"document_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deh-e_Zaman"}
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Village in Markazi, Iran
Deh-e Zaman (Persian: ده زمان, also Romanized as Deh-e Zamān and Deh Zamān) is a village in Hendudur Rural District, Sarband District, Shazand County, Markazi Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 95, in 19 families.
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ee405595-acae-4444-abe3-f39fefd97e28
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